The boke of measurying of lande as well of woodland as plowland, & pasture in the feelde: & to compt the true nombre of acres of the same. Newly corrected, & compiled by Sir Richarde de Benese.

¶ The maner of measu∣rynge of Lande, and co••••p∣tynge the nombre of acres of the same.

BY cause in measu¦ringe of Lande, meny men somtyme the sel∣lers, sel more measure than ryght, somtyme the byets by lesse measure thā right be greately deceiued, by y^e m••aters therof, the which be not experte and connynge, both in true measurynge of Lande, and also in true compting and summyage the numbre of actes of the same. Therfore in this lytle booke, ye shall reede certayne rules much necessary for y^e perfecte know∣ledge bothe of true measurynge of Lande, and also of true comptynge and sumynge the numbre of actes of the same.

¶ Of dyuers quantytyes of mea∣sures, and of dyuers names of the same.

BVt fyrste for the playner and re∣dyer knowledge of these rules folowynge, ye shall dylygently note, that there be dyuers quantityes dy∣uersly named in measuryng of lande that is to saye: an ynche, a foote, a perche, a dayworke, & quarter of an acre (moste cōmonly called a roode,) an halfe acre, and an acre.

¶ To make a true ynche.

THe lengthe of an ynche after some mennes opynion, is made by the length of thre barly cornes, y^e which rule is not at all tymes true. for y^e length of a barly corne of some tillage is lōger, & some shorter, after the fatnes and leanesse of the lande, where it was sowen vpō. Therfore ī makynge of an ynche after this rule It shulde be somtymes longer, and

somtymes shorter after the lengthe and shortnes of the barly cornes: the which shulde make great difference in measuring. Therfore ye shal take the length of anie ynche more truely vpon an artificers rule made of two foote in lēgth, after the standerde of London, the whiche rule doth con∣teyne. xxiiii. ynches in lengthe.

¶ To make a true foote in length and in sq••re.

A foote conteineth xii. ynches in lengthe, a foote square in mea∣surynge of lande, or any other thing by the length and breadth onely, cō teineth in it. c. xliiii. ynches di. A fote square conteineth in it. lxxii. inches. A quarter of a foote square contey∣neth in it. xxxvi. ynches. But in mea∣surynge of tymbre or stone, or any o∣ther thynge by the length, breadth, and depth, a foote square tōteineth in it. xvii. ¶. and. xxviii ynches.

¶ Of two maner of perches, the woodlande perche, and the fylde lande perche.

Bycause Woodlande, and fylde∣land be not measured with per¦ches of lyke and equal lengthe. ther∣fore ye shall vnderstande, that lande in the felde is measured most cōmon¦ly with a perch or a pole of xvi. foote & dī, in length. But in some places the land perch is l••nger and in some places shorter, after y^e custome there vsed. The woodland perche is com∣monly. xviii. foote in length. But in some places it is longer, after the cu∣stome ther vsed. The woodland per¦che of. xviii. foote in length square cō teineth in it. iii. ¶. xxiiii. foote, half of this perche square contayneth in it. ¶. xlii. foote, a quarter of this perche square contayneth in it. lxxxi. foote.

¶ Of an acre both of wood∣lande & felde lande.

AN acre both of woodlande, and also of fylde lande, is alwayes. xl. perches in length, and iiii. perches in bredth, although an acre of wood lande be more in quātitie, than is an acre of feldelande. Because the perch of woodlande is longer, than is the perche of fyldelande, as it is afore ex∣pressed, An acre can not lightly be re¦duced & broughte into a true square, excepte ye shulde adde to some parte aboue the true quantytie of an acre, or els take awaye some parte from the true quantytie of an acre. Neuer∣thelesse, after myne accomptyng (as nyghe as I can searche the true the, in this behalfe (an acre of woodland square is on euery syde. xii. perches & di. ii. fote. viii. ynches, and a quarter of an ynche. An acre conteyneth in it ¶. lx perches. An halfe acre cōteīeth in it. ••xxx. perches. The quarter of an acre (otherwise called a rood) contey

neth in it. xl. dayworkes. A daiworke cōteyneth in it. iiii. perches. For lyke∣wyse as a Marke of money contey∣neth in it. ¶. lx. pence, so doth an acre cōteyne in it. ¶. lx. perches. And lyke∣wise as a Marke of money doth con¦teyne in it. lx. grotes, so doth an acre conteyne in it. xl. dayeworkes. And as a grote doth conteyne in it foure pence, so doth a dayworke conteyne in it. iiii. perches.

¶ Of two maner of Instrumen∣tes to measure lande withall.

MEters of Lande, for the moste parte do vse to mete land with a pole made of wood, conteynyng in it the length onely of one perch. The whiche is a verye true and a perfyte way of metynge. But it is moche la¦borious & not spedefull to mete ther∣with a great quantytie of Lande in shorte tyme. And also it is very tedy∣ous

to marke truely a great nombre of perches in metyng of them one af∣ter another. Therfore some men do vse (and best) for y^e more expedytion and spede, to mete with a corde or a lyne conteynynge in it. v. perches in length, which lyne foure times layde in length, doth make. xx. perches.

¶ This maner of metynge w^t a lyne hath ben vsed long tyme before. For the Prophet Zachary sayth in the. ii chaptēr. that when he lyfted vp his eyes, he sawe a mā bering a metynge lyne in his hand. And when the pro¦phet asked the question of hym, why ther he went, this mā answered the prophet, that he went to mete Ieru∣salē, to know how much the length and bredth of it was. But by cause a corde or a lyne by drawynge it vpon the grounde wyl sometyme shrynke, and waxe shorter, yf it take wet, and sōtyme stretche lōger by long dryeng

therfore it shal be necessarie, to sere it in hote waxe ane rosyn, that it maie kepe at all tymes his true length.

¶ Howe ye shall ••ewe a pece of lande, & marke the fasshyon ther of to measure it.

WHan ye shall measure a pece of any maner of lande, ye shal go a¦bout the boundes of it ones or twise and consydre well by vewynge of it, whether ye may mesure it in one par¦cell hole togither, or els in two or ma¦ny parcelles. For some maner lande, lyeth in suche dyuers fasshions, that it muste nedes be mesured in dyuers parcelles, eche one by them selfe.

Therfore whē it may be mesured in one parcel togither, then shal ye loke wysely, whych way ye may cast it in to. iiii. sydes, & then ye must measure euery syde by it self. And marke dyly∣gently in writyng or els score vpon a square slycke the nōbre of perches of

euery one of the same sydes by them selfe, and then sume them togyther, as ye shall se hereafter. But whan a pece of lande muste be deuyded into dyuers parcelles, and muste be meat ted eche one by them selfe, then ye shall consydre well in how many par¦celles, and in what maner fasshions they must be best deuyded into, that ye maye measure euerye one of them after theyr dyuers fasshion. For dy∣uers fasshions of lande be dyuerslye measured, as ye shall playnely percey¦ue by dyuers fygures folowynge.

¶ Of dyuersytie of lynes and angles.

BY cause all maner of fygures be made of lynes and angles, ther¦fore it shal be expedient fyrst to know the diuersity of them. For they make great dyfferences in the makynge of measures. Therfore ye shall dyly∣gently note that there bee three ma∣ner

of lynes, & thre maner of angles. Of lynes, one is a strayght lyne han¦gynge, the seconde is a strayght line ouerthwart, the thyrde and last is a croked line hāgig, or els ouerthwart Of angles, one is a plaine angle, like to one of the angles of a. iiii. square, the second is a flat angle, like to one of the angles of. v. or. vi. square or mo The thyrde and laste is a sharpe an∣gle, lyke to one of the angels of a try∣angle or. iii. square. The which lines and angles bee these that hereafter folowe.

[illustration]

[illustration]

¶Hereafter folowe dyuers fygures, of dyuers fasshions of land, and first of a pece of land equally square in all the. iiii. sides, with. iiii. playne āgles.

¶ Yf a pece of lande

[illustration]

be euuallye square in all his. iiii. sydes ha∣uynge. iiii. playne an∣gles, lyke this presēt fygure, and perches vpon euery syde of equall nombre as in this example. The vpper syde is. xx. perches in length, the nether side is. xx. perches, the ryghte syde is. xx. perches, the lyfte syde is also. xx. per∣ches, thē ye must take. xx. perches for the lengthe, and. xx. perches for the bredth, because all y^e sydes be equall

in length. The whiche. xx. in length and. xx. in bredth multiplyed the one by the other, doeth make two acres and dī. in the whole sūme, as ye shall se by diuers rules of sūminge of mea¦sures folowynge hereafter.

¶ Of a pece of lande equall in bredth at both the endes and equall in length on both sydes.

¶ Yf a pece

[illustration]

of lande be equalle in breadth at both endes and equal ī length on both sydes with. iiii. plain angles, lyke to this presente fygure, As in this example, the vpper side is xx. perches in length, the nether side is. xx. perches in lēgth, the right end is. x. perches in breath, and the lyfte ende is. x. perches in bredth, then ye

must take. xx. perches for the length, and. x. perches for the bredth of thys lande, the whiche. xx. multyplyed by. x. make one acre, & one roode. Lyke wyse in all other maner of formes & fasshions of Lande, whither they be in thre sydes equallye trianguled, or els partely tryanguled, or els diuers∣lye in maner of an Harpe trianguled or els in. iiii. sydes partelie square, or els in all. iiii. sydes dyuerslye square, or els in. v. or. vi. or mo sydes equallie square, or els rounde, or els pertelye rounde, lyke to a fashion of a ••owe, or els in two sydes partelye rounde, lyke to the fasshion of an egge, or els it be mountyng vp in the mydle, lyke to a mountayne or an hyll, or els des∣cendynge downewarde, lyke to a va¦ley, as hereafter shall appeare by dy∣uers examples of diuers figures, yet that maner of lande, muste nedes by some maner of reason be brought to

one rertayne length, & one certayne breadth, or els it can not be sūmed to the true nombre of acres, and other odde quātities as hereafter shall ap∣peare. But some men that be ygno∣raunt, and not expert in this maner of mesurynge & co••••tynge, they wyll mete a pece of lande roūde aboute of what forme or fasshion so euer it be, and wyll caste the whole nombre of perches of all the sydes togyther.

And then they will deuide that who¦le nombre of perches, into. iiii. equall partes, of the whiche they wyll take one parte, for the length, and one other of thē for the breadth. But in this maner of comptynge, they bee greatly deceiued, as it shal be proued by this laste example before, where the ryght and the lefte endes, euerye one be. x. perches in bredth, y^e higher and the lower sides be euery one. xx.

perches in the lēgth. These. iiii. sides layde all togyther, doo make. ix. per∣ches in the whole sūme. Then if ye deuyde this whole nombre in to. iiii. equall partes, euerye parte is. xv. per¦ches in length. Therfore if ye take. xv. perches for the length, and. xv. al so for the bredth of that pece of land after this maner of comptinge, they do make in the whole sūme one acte, one roode. vi. dayeworkes, and one perch. But this sūme is false, for it is more thē the true content of it, as doth appere by the length, & bredth, (as they do stand) in this foresaid fi¦gure. For. xx. perches in length, and x. perches in bredth, do make but an acre, & on eroode. Another example the higher syde is. xl. perches ī lēgth the lower syde is. xxx. perches, the right side is. xx. and the lyfte syde is. x. perches. All these nombres of per¦ches layde togyther, doo make an.

C. perchers. Deuide them into foure equall partes, and euerye parte ma∣keth. xxv. perches. Thē take. xxv. per¦ches for the length, and. xxv. for the bredth, and this length & bredth of perches doth make in y^e whole sūme (after this comptynge (.iii. acres. iii. roodes. vi. daie workes, and one per∣che. The whiche sūme is false, as ye shall proue by castynge of euerye two cōtrarye sydes togyther. The which deuyded into two halfes doth make xxxv. perches for the length, and. xv. for the bredth. For these nombres of perches in lēgth & breadth do make but. iii. acres, one roode, one daywor¦ke and one perche. Therfore ye shall not vse that maner of comptynge by castynge the whole nombre of all the sydes into. iiii. equall partes, and by takynge one parte of them for the length, & one other for the breadth bycause it is false. But ye shall caste

euery two contrary sydes togyther, and then take the halfe parte of two of them for the length, and the halfe of other two of them for the breadth of the lande: as ye shal se plaīely here after in the fygure dyuersly square.

Or els in such maner fygures dyuers¦lye square, ye shall vse another waie better, as in the same place doeth playnely folowe.

¶ Of a pece of lande tryanguled in all thre sydes equally.

BVt whan ye can

[illustration]

not cast a pece of lande into. iiii. sydes, bycause it is triangu¦led hauing all thre sy¦des of equall length, like to this present figure, thē ye shal mesure from on of the angeles to the mydle of the contrarye syde as doth appere by the lyne through y^e mydle of y^e same figure. And take the nōbre

of perches of y^t measure for the lēgth And thē take half the nombre of per¦ches of a whole syde, for the bredth as in this exāple. The thre sydes eue¦ry one is. xx. perches, the mydle lyne from the mydle of the lower syde to the hygher angle, is. xvii. perches & di. Then take the nombre of perches of y^e midle line for the lēgth, the whi∣che is. xvii. perches & di. Afterwarde take halfe the nombre of perches of the longer syde, the whiche is. x. for the bredth. Then multyply. xvii. and dī. by. x. & it maketh. C. lxxv. perches, the whiche maketh one acre. iii. day∣workes, and. iii. perches.

¶ Of a pece of lande partly tryanguled.

ANd whē a pece of land is part¦ly tryanguled, hauynge the. ii. sydes of lyke length, & the head shor∣ter in bredth lyke to this present fy∣gure. Thē ye shall measure from the

foote to the midle of y^e

[illustration]

head, as doth appere by y^e midle lyne ithys same figure. And take the nūbre of perches of that mesure for the length. And thē take halfe y^e numbre of per¦ches of y^e head for the bredth, as in this ex∣ample. The hygher syde is. xvi. per¦ches y^e right & the lift sydes euery on is. xxx. perches, and the lyne in the myddest from the foote to the midle of y^e head is. xxix. perches. Thē take the halfe nombre of perches of the hed, the which is. viii. for the bredth and the nombre of perches from the foote to the myddest of the hed The which is. xxix. for y^e length, and then multiply. xxix. by. viii. and it maketh one acre, one rood, and. viii. day wor¦kes.

¶ Of an other pece of lande partely tryanguled.

AND

[illustration]

yf a pece of lā de be par¦tely tryā¦guled ha¦uyng y^e one syde lōger, & the. ii. other sides shorter of lyke lengthes, lyke to this present figure, then ye shal mea¦sure frō the mydle of the longer syde to the flat angle on the cōtrary syde, as doth appere by y^e midle lyne in y^e same fygure. And take the nombre of perches of y^t measure for the length, and than take halfe y^e nombre of per¦ches of the longer side for the bredth as in this example. The longer syde is. xl. perches in length, and the two other shorter sydes euerye one is. xxx perches in length, and the distaunce betwene the mydde of the lōger syde

and the flat angle, is. xx perches in length. Thē take the nombre of per∣ches betwene the myddes of the lon¦ger syde, and the flat angle, the whi∣che is, xx. for the lēght, and the halfe nombre of perches of the longer syde the whiche is also. xx. for the bredth. Then multiplye. xx. by. xx. and it ma∣keth two acres and a halfe.

¶ Of a pece of lande diuerslye tryanguled, in maner of the halfe parte of a quadraunte.

Also

[illustration]

whā a pe∣ce of land is dy¦uerslye tryanguled, in maner of the halfe parte of a quadraunte hauyng one plaine angle, and the other two sharp angles, lyke to this present fy∣gure.

Thē ye shall measure from the playne angle on the lyfte syde, to the sharpe angle on the right side, & take the nōbre of perches of y^t measure for the lēgth, afterward ye shall mesure frō the plain angle to y^e sharpe angle on y^e left side, & take y^e halfe part of y^e measure for the bredth, as in this ex∣ample. The higher side betwene the ii. sharpe angles, is, rxv. perches, the lower syde frō the playne angle to y^e sharpe angle on the ryght side, is, xx. perches, & the hed on the lefte side is xv. perches. Thē take the nombre of perches for the hed on y^e left side, the which is. vii. & dī. for y^e bredth. Then multiply. xx. by. vii. & dī. & it maketh. iii. rodes. vii. daiworkes &. ii. perches

¶ Of another pece of lande dy∣nersly tryanguled lyke to the fasshion of an harpe.

And

[illustration]

whē a pe∣ce of lande is dyuetslye tryangled in ma∣ner of an harpe, hauynge one flat an¦gle, & the other two sharpe angles like to this present figure, thē ye shal measure from y^e sharpe angle on the lyfte syde to the sharpe angle on the ryght syde, & take the nombre of per∣thes of that measure for y^e length af∣terwarde, ye shall measure from the flat angle on the hygher syde with a strayght hanging lyne to the nether syde makynge there a playne angle, as doth appere by y^e mindle line in y^e same fygute, and take the halfe part of the measure of the hangyng lyne for the bredth, as in this example,

The ryght syde, from the flat angle aboue, to y^e sharpe angle on y^e ryght side is, xx. perches, the lefte side from

the flat angle aboue to the sharpe an¦gle beneth is xviii. perches, y^e lower syde betwene the two sharpe angles is. xxviii. perches, and the hanginge lyne betwene the flat angle aboue, & the nether side is. viii. perches. Thē take y^e nōbre of perches of the lower side, the which is, xviii. for the length and the halfe nōbre of perches of the hangynge lyne, the whiche is. iiii. for the bredth. Thē multyply. xxviii. by. iiii. and it maketh dī. an acre, and. vii dayeworkes.

¶ Of a pece of lande in all. iiii. sydes equally square with two flat angles, and. ii. sharpe angles.

YFa pece of

[illustration]

land be in all. iiii. sydes e∣quallye square, with two halfe angles aboue & beneth, & two sharpe

on the right & left sides, like to this present fygure. Thē ye shall measure from the sharpe angle on the ryght syde, to the sharpe angle of the lyfte syde, and take the nombre of perches of that measure, for the length. After warde ye shall measure from the flat angle aboue to the flat angle beneth and take the halfe parte of that mea¦sure for y^e bredth, as in this example The dystaunce betwene the. ii. shar∣pe angles is. xvi. perches, and the dy¦stannce betwene y^e. ii. flat angles is. xii. perches. Then take. xvi. for the length, & the halfe parte of the other measure, the whyche is. vi. for the bredth. Afterwarde multyply. xvi. by. vi. and it cōmeth to halfe an acre, &. iiii. day workes.

¶ Of a pece of lande in. iiii. sydes partly square.

AND when

[illustration]

a pece of lande is partlye square with two playne āgles on the lyft side, and one flat & one other sharpe angle, on y^e right syde, lyke to this present fygure, the whiche is of lyke bredth betwene the flat angle a¦boue and the contrary side of y^e same fygure beneth, as is the bredth be∣twene the two playne angles on the lyft syde of the same fygure. Then in the exāple of this figure, ye shall take the nombre of perches, y^t be betwene the two playne angles on the lyfte syde for the breadth, the which is. x. and afterward ye shal lay the vpper and the nether sydes togyther, the which make. xxx. perches in y^e whole nombre. Of the whych take the half nombre of perches the whiche is. xv. for the lengthe, and then multiply.

xv. perches, by the nombre of. x. and that nombre so multiplyed maketh. iii. ro••des. vi. dayeworkes and two perches.

¶ Of another pece of lande in the. iiii. sydes parte∣lye square.

¶ Also whan

[illustration]

a pece of lan∣de is partelye square, like to this presente figure with. ii flat angles on the higher syde, &. ii. sharpe angles on the lenger syde, ha∣uynge lyke dystaunce from both the flat angles about, to the contrary sy¦de beneth▪ thē ye shall take the nom∣bre of perches betwene the hygher & the lower sides for y^e bredth, as doth appere by the lines ī the same. After warde ye shall laye the hygher & the lower sydes togyther, & take of. the

nombre of perches, of these. ii. sydes for the length as in this example. The dystaunce betwene the flat an∣gles at both endes, and the contrary syde of the fygure is. xv. perches, ther¦fore take. xv▪ for the bredth. Thē lay the higher syde, the which is. xx. per∣ches, and the nether side, the which is. xxx. perches in one sume bothe to∣gyther▪ and these bothe sydes make in the whole sume. l. perches. Of the whych take the one halfe, the which is▪ xxv. for the length, and. xv. for the bredth, the whych length mul∣typlyed by the bredth, ma∣keth in the whole sume two acres, one roode. iii. dayworkes, and. iii. per∣ches.

¶ Of another pece of lande in the. iiii. sydes parte∣ly square.

¶ And when

[illustration]

a pece of land is ī. iiii. sydes partly square Lyke to thys present fygure, hauynge. ii. flat an∣gles on y^e ryght syde, and. ii. sharpe angles on the lyfte syde, hauynge lyke dystaunce from both the flat on∣gles to the ryght syde, to the lyne an the lyfte syde, then ye shall take the nombre of perches betwene y^e lynes on the ryght and lyfte sydes of the fy¦gure for y^e length, as doth apeer by the mydle lyne in the same fygure. Afterwarde ye shall lay both y^e right and the lyfte sydes together, in one nombre of perches, and then deuyd out halfe the nombre of perches, of those. ii. sides for y^e bredth, as in this example. The distaunce betwene the ryght and the lyfte syde is. xx. per∣ches in lengthe, therfore take. xx. per∣ches

for the length. Thē lay y^e ryght side, the which is. x. perches, and the lyfte syde, the whiche is. xvi. perches in one sume, both togither and these both sydes make in the whole sume. xxvi. perches, of the whiche take the one halfe, the whiche is. xiii. for the bredth, and. xx. for the length. Then multyplye. xx by. xiii. and it maketh in the whole sume one acre & di, and v. daye workes.

¶ Of another pece of lande in the. iiii. sydes parte∣ly square.

ALso whā

[illustration]

a pece of lande is in. iiii sydes partelye square, w^t one flat angle & on sharpe angle on the right side, & one sharpe angle, & on flat angle one the lyfte syde, lyke to this present fygure

hauynge lyke distaūce at both endes from the flat angles, the lynes on y^e contrarye sydes, than ye shall take the nōbre of perches betwene eyther of the flat angles, and y^e lyne on the contrarye syde for the breadthe, as it appeareth by the two lynes in it.

Afterwarde ye shall laye both y^e hier and the lower sydes togyther in one nombre of perches. And then deuide out halfe the nōbre of perches of that two sydes, as for the length in thys examples. The dystaunce frō eyther of the flat angles, to the lyne on the contrarye syde is. x. perches the whi∣che is the shorter syde. Therfore take. x. perches for the breadth.

Then laye the vpper side, the which is. xx. perches, and the nether side y^e which is also. xx. perches in one sume both togyther. And these both sydes make in the whole sume. xl. perches. Of the which sume, take the one hal¦fe,

the whiche is. xx. perches for the length &. x. for the bredth. Then mul¦typly. xx. by. x. & it maketh in y^e whole sume one acre, and one roode.

¶ Of a pece of lande in all. iiii. sydes dyuersly square.

BVt when

[illustration]

a pece of lande is in all iiii. sydes dy∣uersly square, with one flat angle, and one playne angle on the ryght syde, & one shar∣pe angle, and one plain angle on the lyfte side, lyke to this present fygure, hauynge lyke distaunce betwene the flat angle on the ryght side to the li∣ne on the left side, as is betwene the two plaine angles on the netherside Then ye shal take the nombre of per¦ches betwene y^e flat angle on y^e right syde, and y^e lyne on the lefte side this figure for the length, as doth appere

by the lyne in it. Afterwarde ye shall laye both the ryght and the lyfte sy∣des to gyther in one nombre of per∣ches, and than deuyde out halfe the nombre of perches of that two sides for the bredth as in this example.

The distaūce from the flat angle on the ryght syde, to the lyne on the left syde is. xx. perches, the whiche is the longer side, therfore take the nombre of perches of that measure, the whi∣che is. xx. for the length. Afterward laye the ryght syde, the whiche is. x. perches, and the lifte side, the which is. xvi. perches ī one sume both togy∣ther and these both sydes make in y^e whole sume. xxvi. perches, of the whi¦che take the one halfe, the whiche is xiii. for the bredth &. xx. for the length

Then multyply. xx. by. xiii. and it maketh in the whole sume one acre. ii. roodes, and v. dayeworkes.

¶ Of an other pece of lande in all. iiii. sydes dyuersly square.

Also when

[illustration]

the. iiii. sy∣des of a pe¦ce of lande euerie one of thē be of dyuers nōbre of perches, with one flat and one sharpe angle on the ryghte syde, and also one flat & another sharpe angle on the lyfe syde, lyke to this present fygure, ke∣pinge no like distaunce betwene any of the contrarye sydes, as in this ex∣ample, & higher syde is. xx. perches in length, y^e, lower syde is. xxiiii. per∣ches, the ryght syde is. xiiii. perches, and the lyfte syde is. viii. perches in length. Then some men wolde laye both the contrarye sydes eche two togyther, and take the one halfe of euery two, the more for the lengthe, and the lesse for y^e bredth, as in thys

example. Lay y^e hygher & the lower sides togither, and they make in the whole sume. xliiii. perches. Than de∣uide out the half of this nombre, the whiche is. xxii. for the length. After∣warde laye the right & the left sydes togyther, and they make. xxii. per∣ches in the whole sume. And deuide out also the halfe parte of the nom∣bre, the whiche is. xi. for the bredth. Then take the more nombre of these two the which is. xxii. for the length and the lesse nombre the which is. xi for the bredth Then multiplye. xxii. by. xi. and it maketh one acre and di. &. ii. perches. But this maner of mea¦surynge of suche a pece of lande plea∣seth me not, for it maketh more land than is conteyned in this maner of fygure. Therfore ye shall deuide such a pece of Lande from the two con∣trarye angles, into two partes, lyke to the deuision, as doeth appeare by

the lyne in the same fygure.

¶ And ta∣ke

[illustration]

the nō∣bre of per∣ches of y^e line for y^e length. And thenne ye shall measure from the two other angles to the mydle lyne with playne angles, and laye the two halues of these two ly∣nes togyther for the bredth, as ī this example. The dystaunce betwene y^e two sharpe angles of thys sayde fy∣gure is. xxx. perches in lengthe, and the lyne from the flat angle on the ryght syde, to the mydle lyne playne anguled is. viii. perches, and y^e lyne from the flat angle on the lefte syde to the saide lenger lyne playne angu¦led is. vi. perches. Thē take the nom¦bre of perches of the mydle lyne, the which is. xxx. perches for the length and the halfe part of the other two

lynes, the whyche is vii. perches for the bredth. Then multyplye. xxx. by. vii. and it maketh one acre, one rood ii. daye workes, two perches. Wher∣by ye may perceyue well that in such a pece of land that is diuersly square in all. iiii. sydes without any playne angle, or in any other like, ye shall ne¦uer lay both the two contrary sydes togyther, and take the halfes of thē, one for the length, and the other for the breadth, for that maner of sum∣ming of any pece of lande is not true but in some maner of square lande, & specially where ther is any playne angle, ye shall laye one, but not both of the two contrary sydes togyther, and take the halfe nombre of them somtyme for the breadth, and somty me for the lengthe, as the fasshyon & quantytie of the lande shall requyre, the whythe ye haue seene in dyuers square figures before, in this maner

of figures diuersly. iiii. square is to be noted great dyuersytie of quantities of measures. For the flatter that the flat angles, and the sharper that the sharpe angles be, the lesse quantytie must nedes be in such maner figures. And on the contrarye wyse, the shar¦per that the flat angles be, and the flatter that the sharpe angles be the more quantytie must nedes be in the same figures. For althoughe the. iiii. sydes do alwayes con••••ing and kepe euery one theyr lēgthes, yet the more or lesse distaunce that is betwene y^e contrarye angles, the more or lesse measure doeth it cause to bee within the same fygure. Therfore ye maye not caste the contrarye sydes by the halfes, as most cōmon meters do vse But ye shall deuyde suche maner fy∣gures into two feldes in maner of tryāgles, as is before expressed. And measure thē as doth appere by the

lynes in theyr foresaide figure. This is a specyall rule, & well to be noted

¶ Of dyuers other square per∣ches of lande in all. iiii. sides dyuersly square.

[illustration]

ALso whē there is any other pe∣ce of lande in all. iiii. sydes dy∣uersly square with sharp flat angles lyke to any of these present fygures, or any other lyke, then ye shall neuer take the halues of any of both the cō¦trarye sides of them for theyr length or bredth, bicause ye can not measure

truely any of them in one pece wholy togyther. But ye muste deuide euery one of thē into two partyes in suche maner of deuision as doth appeare by the lynes within the same. And then measure euerye parcell therof after hys fasshyon, as ye haue sene playnely before in the fygures of try∣angles.

¶ Of a pece of lande in many sydes diuersly square.

[illustration]

AND when a pece of lande is in many sydes, dyuerslye square

like to any of these present figures or any other lyke, then ye shall deuyd it into many partes by suche lyke deui∣sions as doth apeare by the lines in the same figure, bycause none of thē maye be metted in one pece all togy∣ther. And then ye shal measure euery parcell therof by it selfe, after the ma∣ner of tryangles of that fasshion, e∣quallye, partely, or els diuersly trian¦guled, as ye haue sene in dyuers figu¦res before.

¶ Of a pece of lande in dyuers sydes square, and in some sydes indented.

YF a pece of lande

[illustration]

be in dyuers sy∣des square, and some of them be indented, lyke to this present fy¦gure then ye shall de∣uyde oute one square parte of it, the which ye may do most conueniently

lyke to such maner of deuysyon, so as it dothe appere in the mydle lyne w^t in the same fygure. And then mea∣sure that one pece by it selfe, and cast the length and the bredth of it, as ye dyd of other such square peces before Afterwarde ye shal measure the thre straight sides of the other pece euery one by them selfe, and thēye shal dy∣lygently vewe the fourth syde moun∣ted, and ye shall leaue as moche by estymacion withoute the measure of that syde, as doth lacke within, and then also measure that seconde pece, as ye did such other like peces before Or els make foure sydes of this se∣conde pece (as large as ye maye) as doth appeare by the lyne in this pre∣sent fygure.

And then measure y^t

[illustration]

pece by it self, in such māer, as it is before expressed afterward

ye shall measure the other parte in∣dented by perches, halfe perches, & quarter perches. And thē sume it by pence, halfe pence and farthynges.

¶ Of other fygures to be deuy∣ded partly into tryangles and partly into other fasshyons.

Also whā

[illustration]

ther is any other pe∣ce of lande ly¦ke to any of these present figures, then ye shall deuy∣de euery one of thē in so many partes as ye shal consydre necessary, by such maner of deuysyon, as doth appeare by the lynes in the same fygure, and afterward cast euery parcell of these deuysyons by them selfes, into the lēgth and in bredth, as ye haue done

other lyke peces square or tryāguled in the examples before wryten, and then sume euery one of thē, by theyr lengthes and breadthes, as ye haue done before other square peces, or tri¦angled.

Of a pece of lande lyenge in dyuers fasshions.

[illustration]

SOmetyme if a pece of lande doth lye dyuers fasshions as dothe these present fygures, & as do many other, the whiche ye can not mete in one pece whole togyther by it selfe.

Therfore then ye must vewe it dyly∣gently and deuyde it in so many par∣tes as ye shall perceyue necessarye, lyke to these deuysions made wythe

lines in these said figures. And after¦warde ye must mete them euery one by them selfe in squares or triangles after suche maner of fasshions, as they be of, and then caste them euery one by them selfe in lengthes & bred∣thes, & lykewyse sume the length & bredth of euery one of them, as ye do of other peces, that ye doe measure, wholly togyther. For it were to sedy¦ous, ye impossyble, to put partyculer examples for all fasshyons of lande, the which be infinyte, and euer new¦ly founde.

¶ Of a pece of woodlande grow∣ynge hauynge many sydes dyuersly anguled.

[illustration]

¶When there is a pece ofwoodland growing, like in fasshion to this first fygure, hauinge many sides diuersly anguled, the which ye can not vewe euery waye from syde to syde, for the standyng of the woode, then ye shall enlarge that maner pece of wodland into. iiii. square sydes, in lyke maner, as doth appere by the lynes of these ronde fygure. And then measure all that whole square togyther in one felde, & compteit all togyther in one sume, and afterward ye shall mesure euery parcell so enlarged with lynes by them selfe. And then caste all the same parcelles into one sume togy∣ther, and take awaye all them from the fyrst whole sume, and that quan¦tytie y^t remayneth of the fyrst whole measure (the said parcelles enlarged with lines, taken awaie) shall be the true quantytie of this maner pece of woodlande, as in this example.

The whole figure enlarged into. iiii. square conteyneth in it. lxxx. acres of the whole sume, the parcelles enlar∣ged with lynes, layde in one sume to gither cōteyne. xxvi. acres. Thē take away. xxvi. from. lxxx. and ther doth remayne but. liiii. acres, the whiche sume of. liiii. so remaynynge is the cō¦tēt of this figure. Note wel this rule for it is verye profitable and often ti∣mes necessarye for the measuryng of woodlande growynge.

¶ Of a pece of land in. v. sydes equal¦ly square, w^t. v. flat angles.

[illustration]

¶ And when a pece of lande is in. v. sydes equallye square with. v. flat

angles lyke to this presente fygures then ye shall measure all the. v. sydes togyther, and take the halfe parte of that mesure for the lēgth. Afterwar∣de ye shall measure from the mydle poynt wfthin the same fygure to one mydle place betwene two angles of one syde of the circuite, take the nom¦bre of perches of that measure for y^e bredth, as it his example. Euery one to the. v. sydes is. x. perches i length, the whiche. v. sydes layde all togy¦ther make. l. perches in the whole nō¦bre. Then take halfe this nombre of perches y^e which is. xxv. for y^e length and the distaunce betwene y^e midle poynte and the midle place betwene two angles of on side is. vii. perches Then take the halfe nombre of all y^e v. sydes, the whiche is. xxv. perches for y^e length, and the nomber of per∣ches betwene y^e midle point and the midle place betwene two angles, y^e

which is. vii. for y^e bredth. Then mul¦tiply. xxv. by. vii. & it maketh one acte iii. day workes, and. iii. perches.

¶ Of a pece of lande in. vi. sydes equally square, with. vi. flat angles.

[illustration]

ALso when a pece of land is in. vi. sydes equallye square with. vi. flat angles, lyke to this present fy¦gure. Then ye shall measure lyke∣wyse all the. vi. sides togither, & take the halfe parte of that measure for y^e length. Afterwarde ye shall measure from the mydle poynt within the sa∣me fygure to y^e mydle place betwene ••woangles of one syde of the cyrcuyt

and take the nombre of perches of that measure for the breadth as in this example. Euerye one of the. vi. sydes is. xii. perches in length, y^e whi¦che. vi. sydes layde altogether make lxxii. perches in the whole sume, thē take halfe this nombre of perches y^e whiche is. xxxvi. for the length. And the distaūte betwene y^e midle poynt and the midle place betwene two an¦gles, of one syde is. x. perches and dī Thē take the halfe nombre of al the. vi. syde, the whiche is. xxxvi. perches for the length, and the nombre of per¦ches betwene the midle poynte, and the midle place betwene two angles the whiche is. x. perches and dī. for the bredth. Then multiply. xxxvi. by x. and a halfe, and it maketh two a∣cres one roods. iiii. daye worke. and two perches.

¶ Of a pece of lande in. vii. viii. ix. or. x. sydes equally square.

[illustration]

AND also when a pece of land is in vii. viii. ix. or x. sydes equallye square lyke to any of these present fy∣gures. Thē in lyke maner as ye dyd.

[illustration]

in these two fygures laste before, ye shal take y^e half nōbre of perches of al the whole sydes for the length, & the nombre of perches of the dystaunce

betwene the midle point with in the same figures, and the midle place be.

[illustration]

twene two angles of one side for the breadth, as ye haue sene expressed in the two fyrste figures of fiue, and. vi.

[illustration]

square, & as it doth appeare plainely by examples of the same. iiii. present fygures.

¶ Of a pece of lande, all rounde without any square syde.

[illustration]

BVt when a pece of land is roūde without any square syde lyke to this plesent figure. Then (leuyng all other untrue reasons and opynions of meters of lande in this behalfe ye shal measure roūd about al y^e whole cyrcuyte of this fygure, and take the one halfe of the nombre of perches of that measure for the lengthe. After∣warde ye shall measure frō the midle poynt within the figure, to the vtter syde of the cyrcuyte, and take the nō∣bre of perches of that measure for y^e bredth, as in this exāple. The whole

cyrcuyte rounde aboute is. xiiiii. per∣ches, of the which take the one halfe the whiche is. xxii. perches for the lēgth, and the distaūce betwene the mydle poynt and the vtterside of the cyrcuyt is. vii. perches. Then take y^e half nombre of perches of the whole cyccuyte, the whiche is. xxii. for thee length, and the nōbre of perches be∣twene the mydle poynte, and the vt∣ter syde of the cyrcuyte, the which is. vii. for the bredth. Then multyply. xxii. by. vii. and it maketh. iii. roodes. viii. dayworkes and two perches.

¶ Of a pece of lande halfe rounde, lyke to the fasshion of a bowle.

[illustration]

ANd whē a pece of lande is half rounde, lyke to the fasshion of

a bowle as is this present fygure.

Thē ye shall measure the whole half cyrcute, and take the halfe parte of that measure for the lengthe. After∣warde ye shall measure frō the midle of the halfe cyrcuyte aboue, and take the nombre of perches of that mea∣sure for y^e bredth, as in this example. The halfe cyrcuite is. xxii. perches in length, of the whiche take the halfe nombre of perches, the whiche is. xi. for the length, and the dystaunce be∣twene the mydle of the nether lyue, and the mydle of the half cyrcuyte is vii. Then take the halfe nombre of perches of the half cyrcuyte, the whi∣che is. xi. for the length, and the nom¦bre of perches betwene the mydle of the nether lyne and the mydle of the halfe cyrcuyte, the whiche is. vii. for the bredth. Then multiplie. xi. by. vi. and it maketh one roode. ix. daywor¦kes, and one perche.

¶ Of a pece of lande more than halfe rounde

ANd whē

[illustration]

a pece of lande is more than half roū¦de like to this present figure the whiche is in the circum∣ference, or cyr¦cuyte about. xxv, perches, the nether syde is. vt. perches, the dyameter or ouerthwart lyne is. x. perches, & the hanginge lyne is. ix. perches. Thē ye shall deuyde it into two feldes, as it appereth by the deuisions of y^e lines within y^e same fygure. After that for mesuryng of the hygher parte in the lyne deuysion, ye shall multiplye the halfe nōbre of perches of the diame∣ter or ouerthwart line, the which be. v. by y^e half nombre of perches of the

cyrcute of the fygure, the whiche be. xii. and di. and they will come to. lxii. perches and di. Afterwarde for the measurynge of the triangle in the de¦uysyon, ye shal take againe the halfe of the ouertwarte line. the which be v. from the. ix. the whiche the han∣gynge lyne doth conteyne, and then ther dothe remayn but. ii. the which iiii. ye shall multyplye by. iii. the whi∣che is the halfe nombre of the nether lyne, and it cōmeth to. xii. the which xii. ye shall ioyne with the foresaide. lxii. and di. and these. ii. sumes layde both togyther make. lxxvii. perches and di. the which nombre of perches maketh one roode. ix. dayworkes, & one perche and di. Note well thys rule, for it is verye subtyl, and muche profytable.

¶ Of a pece of lande lesse than the halfe parte of a whole rounde.

BVt when a

[illustration]

pece of lan¦de is lesse than is the half part of a wholeroūd like to this present figure, thā ye shal adde to it y^e residue of the whole cyr∣cuyte, as doth appere by this second fygure, and note well the nombre

[illustration]

of perches of the cyrcūference, y^e whiche is. xliiii. perches & also of the diameter, y^e whiche is. xiiii. & thē ye shall mete al the same whole fygure in on measure togither, takīg the halfe of the cyrcūference, the whi¦che is. xxii. for the lēgth and the half∣of the diameter, the which is. vii. for the breadth, then multiplye. xxii. by. vii. and it maketh. C. liiii. perches.

After that ye shall deuyde the same whole fygure in to two partes, lyke to these two deuisions made within these lynes in this thyrde fygure, of the which the

[illustration]

latter deuysy∣on is the fy∣gure lesse thā halfe rounde. And then ye shall measure the fyrst deuy¦sion of this fi∣gure as ye dyd the fygure last before, that is more than halfe rounde. And that quantitie y^t lacketh of y^e whole rounde besyde the measure of y^e fyrst deuysion shall be the quantyty of the latter deuysyon, the which is the fy∣gure lesse than halfe rounde, as in this example. The cyrcumference of the fyrst deuysion is. xxx. perches, & the diameter is. xiiii. perches, then

the half of that circumference, y^e whi¦che is. xv. multyplyed by the halfe of the dyameter, the whiche is. vii. ma∣keth. C. v. perches. After that ye shal take agayne the halfe of the dyame∣ter (the whiche is. vii.) from the. x. dī. and a quarter, the which the hāgīg lyne of the fyrst deuysion doethe con∣teyne, and then there doeth remayn but thre dī. and a quarter, the which iii. dī. and a quarter, ye shall multy∣ply by. vi. the which is the half nom¦bre of perches of y^e nether lyne of the fyrste deuision, & it maketh. xxii. per∣ches and dī ye shall ioyne this with the foresaid. C. v. perches. And these two sumes layd both togither make C. xxvii. perches and dī. And this is the sume of the fyrste deuysyon the whiche lacketh of the content of the whole roūde. xxvi. perches & dī. And sume this so lackyng shalbe thy mea∣sure of the letter deuysion, the whi∣che

is the figure lesse thā halfe round Note well this Rule, for it is verye subtyle.

¶ Of a pece of lande lesse than halfe rounde on both sydes

And whē

[illustration]

a pece of Lande is lesse thē half roūd on both sydes lyke to the fashion of an egge, as is this presēt figure. Thē ye shall deuide it into two partes by suche lyke deuysions as doth appere by the lyne ouertwarte in the mydle of the same fygure. And than ye shall measure one of the same two partes lykewyse, as ye dyd measure before the fygure lesse than half rounde. Af∣terwarde ioyne the sume of y^t syde to the other syde, and then these. ii. sum mes layde bothe togyther, make the

whole contente of this fygure, as in this example. The ouerthwarte line in the mydle is. xii. perches, and the hanginge lyne of one syde is thre per¦ches and a quarter, then the cyrcūfe rence of the whole roūde added ther to (as it is before proued) shalbe. xliiii perches, and the dyameter. xiiii. the which whole rounde meted all togy∣ther cōtaineth. C. liiii. perches of the whiche the hygher parte added to y^e fygure lesse then halfe rounde is. C. xxvii, perches and dī. And the sume lackynge of the whole nombre before sayd, the which. xxvi and dī. is the cō¦tente of the nether parte, the which. xxvi. and dī. doubled for both the sy∣des of this fygure makethe. liii. per∣ches. And this is the true content of this present fygure.

¶ Of a pece of lande, that is playne on both sydes, and halfe rounde at both endes.

ANd whē

[illustration]

a pece of land is plain on both sides and halfe roū¦de at bothe endes lyke to this presēt fygure, then ye shal deuide it into thre partes by such lyke deuysiō, as doth appere by the lines within y^e same fygure. And then ye shal measure y^e midle square part by it selfe, & afterward ye shall measure one of the halfe roundes of one ende, and ioyne it in one sume w^t the other halfe rounde of the other ende, & then ioyne all these thre par¦tes in one sume togyther. And that whole sume sheweth the content of this māer figure, as in this example The dyameter of one halfe rounde in this figure is. xliii. and the cyrcum¦ference of the same is. xxii. then mul∣typly the halfe of the cyrcumference,

the which is. xi. by the half of the dia¦meter, the whiche is. vii. and it ma∣keth. lxxvii. Then ioyne that. lxxvii. to the other half roūde of the other syde, and it maketh. C. liiii. After y^t ye shall multyplye. xiiii. the which is the length of the square parte in the mydle of the figure by. vii, the which is the bredth of the same parte, and it maketh in the whole sume. CC. lii. the whiche is the whole contente of this fygure.

¶ To measure a mountayne or an hyll, hauynge the two ascen∣ces, on both sydes from the foote to the top of equall dy∣staunce and measure.

WHen

[illustration]

a pe¦ce of Land is not play∣ne but is moūting in the mydle, lyke to thes present fy∣gure of a mountayne, hauyng the. ii. sydes from the foote to the toppe of equall distaunce, and measure. Then ye shal mete diligently the nombre of perches of the cyrcuyt, and compasse of the tope of the hyll, and also of the foote and of the ascence or goyng vp from the foote to the top. Afterward ye shall laye togyther the nombre of perches of the cyrcuyte of the foote and of the toppe of the hyll, and take the halfe parte of both these measu∣res for the bredth. Also take y^e whole nombre of perches of the ascence frō the foote to the top of the hyll for the

lengthe as in this example. The cry∣cuyte of the toppe of the hyll is. lxxx. perches, and the cyrcute of the roote of the hylis. CC. xl. perches, the whi¦che two summes make. CCC. xx. per¦ches, and the ascence from the foote of the hyll to the top is. CC. perches. Then take the halfe nombre of per∣ches of the cyrcuites of the foote and toppe of the hyll, the which is. C. lx. for the bredth, & the whole nombre of perches of the ascence the whiche is. CC. for the lengthe. Then multy¦ply. CC. by. C. lx. and it maketh. xxxii M. perches, and this sume maketh. CC. acres.

¶ Of an hyll or a mountayne hauynge the heade, the mydle, & the foote of dyuers cyr∣cuytes of measu∣res.

And

[illustration]

whē the circuy tes of the top of the moūtaine of y^e midle and of the foote do diffre much, one frō another in theyr measure, lyke to this present fygure. Thēye shall lay the thre nōbres of the top, the midle, and the foote in one sume togyther. And take the thyrde parte of y^t sume for the bredth. Afterwarde ye shall meete the ascence or goynge vp from the foot to the toppe of the hyll, and take the whole nombre of petches of that measure for the lengthe. As in this exāple. The cyrcute of the foote is. cc. perches, the cyrcuite of y^e midle is. c. percges, & the cyrcuyte of y^e topp is. xxx. perches, the which thre sum∣mes layde all togyther maketh. ccc. &

xxx. perches. And y^e ascence from the foote to the top of the hylis C. lx. per¦ches. Thē take y^e thyrde part of the sayd sume of. CCC. xxx. the which is C. x. for the breadth. And the whole sume of the ascēce, the which i. C. lx. for the length, then multyplye. C. li. by. C. x. and it maketh. xvii. M vi. C. perches, and this summe of perches maketh. C. l. acres.

¶ Of an hyll or a mountayne that is not of equall measure in the ascences, netber in the cyrcuytes.

But whē

[illustration]

an hyll, or a mown∣tayne is not of e∣qual mea¦sure ascē∣ces, neither in y^e nether i the cyrcui∣tes, lyke to this present fygure. Thē

ye shall laye the measures of the cyr∣cuytes of the toppe and foote of the hyll togyther, and take the half part of these two crycuytes for the bredth Afterwarde ye shall laye the measu∣res of the longer, and the shorter as∣cences both togither, & take the half parte of that measure, for the length as in this example. The cyrcuyte of the top of the mountayne is. xx. per∣ches and the cyrcuyte of the foote is CCC. perches, y^e which two sūmes laide both togither maketh. CCC. & xx. perches, and the halfe parte of it is. C. lx. Also y^e lenger as••••nce is. CC perches, and the shorter is. C. xx. the which ii. sūmes laide both togyther make. CCC. &. xx. perches, & the half parte of it maketh. C. lx. Then take. C. lx. for y^e length, &. C. lx. also for the bredth, and afterwarde multyply on of the same two sūmes by the other, and it maketh. xxv. M. vi. C. perches

the whyche sume of perches maketh C. and. lx. acres.

¶ Of the mesuryng of a pece of land lyeng i a valley, inclosed roūd about with a mountayne or an hyll.

[illustration]

ANd whē ther is a pece of land lieng in a valley, inclosed roūd about with a mountayne or an hyll lyke to this presente fygure, then ye shall vse contrary wyse of measurig of suche maner of lande, as ye dyd of measurynge of hylles & mountaines For in meetynge of an hyll, ye mea∣sured the ascence and goynge vp frō the foote to the toppe. But in mee∣tyng

of a valley ye shall measure the descene and goynge downe from the toppe of the hyll to the depth of the valley. And wher ye measure the cyrcute & compasse of the toppe of an hyll, so contrarye wyse ye shall mea∣sure the cyrcuite and compasse of the depth of the valley. And where ye measured the cyrcuite and compasse of the foote of y^e hil, so contrary wise ye shall measure rounde aboute the cyrcuyte and compasse of the heyght of the valley. And then ye shall laie y^e cyrcuite of the height, and the depth of the valley in one same togyther, and take y^e halfe part of that whole sume for the breadth. Afterwarde ye shall take the nōbre of perches of descence and goynge down from the heyght of the hill to the depth of the valley for the length of the measure. And then sume it by multiplyēg the lengthe by the breadthe, as in this

example. The circuite of the depth of the valley is. lxxx. perches, y^e cyrcuyt of the heyghte of the valley is. CC. perches. And the descence from the heyght of the hyll to the depth of the valley is. CC. perches. Thē take the nōbre of perches of the descence, the whych is. CC. for the length, & halfe the nōbre of perches of the circuites of the which is. C. lx. for the bretdth. Then multiplye. CC. by. C. lx. and it maketh. CC. acres.

¶ Of a valley, y^t is nether of equall measure in the descences ne∣ther in the Cyrcuytes.

[illustration]

BVt whē a valley is not of equall measure nether in the descēces, nether in the cyrcuytes, lyke to this pesent fygure, then ye shall laye the cyrcuytes of the height and depth of the valey togither and take the half parte of these two cyrcuytes for the bredth. Afterwarde ye shall laye the measures of the lenger, and shorter desences bothe togither, and take y^e halfe parte of those measures for the length, as in this exāple. The circuit of the depth of the valley is. xx. per∣ches, and the cyrcuyte of the heygth of the valley is. ccc. perches the why∣che two sumes layde both togyther make. ccc. xx. perches▪ & y^e half part of it is. c. lx. perches. Also the lenger des¦cence is. cc. perches, and the shorter is. c. xx. the whiche two sumes layde both togyther, make in y^e whole sum ccc. xx. perches, and the ha••e parte of it is. c. lx. Thē take. c. lx. for the length

&. c. lx. also for y^e bredth, & afterward multyply. c. lx. by. c. lx. and it maketh. xxv. M. and. vi. C. perches, y^e which sume of perches maketh. c. lx. acres.

¶ Of one māner waye to compte & some the nomre of acres con∣teyued within any measure.

WHen ye shall compte and summe the nombre of acres conteyned w^tin any measue of land, thē ye shall laye so many times the nombre of perches in the length, as be in the nōbre of petches in the bredth, or els contrarye, as many tymes the nom∣bre of perches in the bredth, as be in the lēgth. But ye must turne the per∣ches into pence. For lyke nombre of perches wil make an acre, as of pens wyll make a marke, the which doth sygnyfy an acre in this maner comp∣tynge, as in this exāple. The length

of the measure is. xl. perches, and the bredth of it is. xx. perches. Thē cōpt xl. times. xx. pence, or els. xx. times. xl. pence, the whiche maketh. v. Marke and so lykewise. xx. times. xl. perches maketh. v. acres. Another example. lx. perches in the lēgth, and. l, in the bredth. Thē ye shall compt. l. tymes, lx. pence, the whiche is in the whole sume. xii, li. x, s, the whiche sume ma∣keth, xviii, acres, and, iii▪ roode, Ano¦ther exāple. xlv, perches in the lēgth and. xxv, perches in the bredth, Thē ye shal compte, xxv, tymes, xiv, pence the whiche is in the whole sume, iiii, li, xiii, s, ix, penc, the whiche sume maketh. vii. acres, one dayworke, & one perche. But whē ye haue halfe a perche or a quarter of a perch in any syde of y^e measure, ye shall not compt them with y^e perches, but after that ye haue cast the summe of perches in the length & bredth in maner before∣saide.

Then, ye shal compte the halfe perches by them selfe, and the quar∣ter perches by them selfe, and sume them in the contrarie syde, as in the example. The pece of lande is. xl. per¦ches and di. in length, &. xxx. perches in bredth. Then bycause the half per¦ches do stand in the length, therfore ye muste compte them in the bredth and sume them (as in this laste ex∣ample.) xxx. halfe perches, after the nōbre of the bredth▪ and not. xl. halfe perches after the nōbre of the lēgth, the which. xxx. half perches do make iii. dayeworkes, and. iii. perches.

Lykewyse if ye haue half perches, or quarter perches, or els halfe perches & quarter perches both in y^e length, and also in y^e bredthe of the measure Then ye muste alwayes summe eue∣rye one of them by them selfe in the length, that stande in that bredth.

And summe them in the bredth, that

stande in the length. Therfore in all other lyke maner of comptynge the summe of acres by money, ye shall vn¦derstande alwaies, that a marke of money doth sygnyfy an acre, a royall doth sygnyfye thre quarters of an a∣cre, or thre roode, a noble doth sygny¦fye an halfe acre, a crowne doth syg∣nyfye one roode and. v. dayeworkes. xl. d. doth sygnyfye a quarter of an a¦cre, or a roode. xii. d. doth sygnify. iii. dayeworkes, a grote doth sygnyfy a dayewoke, a penye doth sygnyfye a perche, an halfe penye doth sygnyfye an half perche, and a farthyng doth sygnyfye a quarter of a perche.

¶ Of the turnynge of poundes into markes or acres.

BY cause in coumptyng of money it is not muche vsed to compte anye summes in markes, but most cō¦monlye in poundes. Thefore because

Markes do sygnyfye acres in comp∣tynge the measures of lande, & poun¦des be not lyghtly turned into Mar∣kes by them that bee not experte in reakenynge, and castyng of a compt. Therfore in these sumes folowynge ye shall se pence turned into perches grotes turned into daye workes. xl. d into a roode, a noble in to dī. acre, a Royall into. iii. roodes: a marke into an acre, & poundes turned into Mar¦kes, the which there be named acres And this rule doth extende frō. i. d. to. xl. d. and from. xl. d. to. xx. s. & from xx. s. to an. C. li. and frō an hundred pounde, to a. M. pounde.

¶ This Rule folowynge, is verye playne, and easye to be vnderstanded: if it be well marked.

Pence.	Dayeworkes And perches.
i. d.	i. perche.
ii. d.	ii. perches
iii. d.	iii. perches
iiii. d.	i. dayworke
v. d.	i. dayworke and. i. perche
vi. d.	i. dayworke and. ii. perches
vii. d.	i. dayworke and. iii. perches
viii. d.	ii. dayworkes
ix. d.	ii dayworkes and. i. perche
x. d.	ii. dayworkes and, ii, perches
xi. d.	ii. dayworkes and. iii. perches
xii. d.	iii. dayworkes
xiii. d.	iii. dayworkes and. i. perche
xiiii. d.	iii. dayworkes and, ii. perches
xv. d.	iii, dayworkes, &, iii. perches
xvi. d.	iiii. dayworkes
xvii. d.	iiii. dayworkes and. i. perche
xviii. d.	iiii. dayworkes and. ii, perches
xix. d.	iiii. dayworkes &. iiii. perches
xx. d.	v. dayworkes
xxi. d.	v. dayworkes and. i. perche
xxii. d.	v. dayworkes and. ii. perches
xxiii. d.	v. dayworkes and, iii. perches
ii. s.	vi. dayworkes

ii. s i. d	vi. dayworkes and. i, perche
ii s. ii. d.	vi. dayworkes &. ii. perches
ii. s. iii. d.	vi. dayworkes, &, iii. perches
ii. s. iiii d.	vii. dayworkes
ii. s. v. d.	vii. dayworkes and, i. perche
ii. s. vi. d.	vii. dayworkes &. ii. perches
ii. s. vii. d.	vii, dayworkes &, iii. perches
ii. s. viii, d.	viii, dayworkes.
ii. s. ix. d.	viii, dayworkes and, i, perche
ii. s, x. d.	viii. dayworkes &. ii, derches
ii. s, xi. d.	viii, dayworkes &, iii, perches
iii, s	ix, dayworkes
iii, s. i. d,	ix. dayworkes and, i, perche
iii. s. ii, d,	ix, dayworkes &, ii. perches
iii. s. ii. d.	ix dayworkey and. iii. perches
xl, d,	A quart. of an acre, or a rood
v, s.	i, roode and. v, dayworkes
vi. s, viii,	halfe an acre
x, s,	iii. roodes or. iii, quarters of an acre
xiii. s. iiii. d	i. acre
xvi, s, viii, d	i, acre and one roode
xx, s,	i, acre and dī.
xxx, s,	ii, acres, and one roode
xl, s,	iii, acres
l, s,	iii. acres and, iii. roode
iii. li,	iiii. acres and dī,
iiii. li.	vi. acres
v, li.	vii, acres and dī

vi, li,	ix, acres
vii, li,	x, acres and dī
viii, li	xii, acres
ix, li	xiii, acres, and dī
x. li.	xv. acres
xi. li.	xvi. acres and dī.
xii. li.	xviii. acres
xiii, li.	xix. acres and dī.
xiiii. li.	xxi. acres.
xv. li.	xxii acres and dī
xvi. li.	xxiiii. acres.
xvii. li.	xxv. acres and dī
xviii. li,	xxvii. acres
xix, li,	xxviii. acres and dī
xx. li.	xxx. acres
xxi. li.	xxxi acres and d.
xxii, li.	xxxiii, acres
xxiii. li.	xxxiiii. acres and d.
xxxiiii, li.	xxxvi. acres
xxv, li.	xxxvii. acres and dī.
xxvill,	xxxix. acres
xxvii. li.	xl. acres and dī
xxviii, li	xlv. acres
xxix. li	xlvi, acres and dī
xxx. li.	xlviii, acres
xxxi. li.	xlix, acres and dī
xxxii, li	li, acres
xxxiii, li,	lii, acrers and d.

xxxiiii. li.	liiii. acres
xxxv. li.	lv. acres and dī
xxxvi. li.	lvii. acres
xxxvii. li.	lviii. acres and dī,
xxxviii. li.	lx. acres
xxxix. li.	lxi. acres and dī.
xl. li.	lxiii. acres
xli. li.	lxiiii. acres and dī.
xlii. li.	lxvi. acres
xliii. li.	lxvii. acres and dī
xliiii. li.	lxix. acres
xlv. li.	lxx. acres and dī.
xlvi. li.	lxxii. acres.
xlvii. li.	lxxiii acres and dī.
xlviii. li.	lxxv. acres.
xlix. li.	lxxvi. acres and dī.
l. li.	lxxviii. acres
li. li.	lxxix. acres and dī.
lii. li.	lxxx. acres
liii. li.	lxxxi. acres, and dī
liiii. li.	lxxxii. acres
lv. li.	lxxxiii. acres and dī
lvi. li.	lxxxiiii. acres
lvii. li.	lxxxv, acres and dī.
lviii. li.	lxxxvii, acres
lix, li,	lxxxviii, acres and dī
lx, li,	lxxxx, acres
lxi, li,	lxxxxi. acres and dī

lxii. li,	lxxxxiii. acres
lxiii. li.	lxxxxiiii, acres and d.
lxiiii, li.	lxxxxvi. acres.
lxv. li.	lxxxxvii, acres and dī
lxvi. li,	lxxxxix, acres
lxvii. li.	C. acres and dī
lxviii. li.	C. ii. acres
lxix. li,	C, iii. acres and dī.
lxx. li.	C, v acres
lxxi, li.	C. vi. acres and d.
lxxii▪ li.	C. viii. acres
lxxiii. li.	C. ix. acres and d.
lxxiii. li,	C, xi, acres
lxxv, li,	C, xii, acres and d.
lxxvi, li,	C, xiiii, acres
lxxvii, li,	C, xv, acres and d.
lxxviii, li,	C, xvii, acres
lxxix. li,	C, xviii, acres and d.
lxxx, li,	C, xx, acres
lxxxi. li,	C, xxi, acres and d.
lxxxii. li,	C, xxiii, acres
lxxxiii. li,	C. xxiiii, acres and d.
lxxxiii, li	C, xxvi, acres
lxxxv. li,	C, xxvii, acres and d.
lxxxvi, li.	C, xxix, acers
lxxxvii. li.	C. xxx, acres and d.
lxxxviii, li,	C, xxxii, acres
lxxxix,	C, xxxiii, and d.

lxxxx, li,	C, xxxv, acres
lxxxxi. li.	C. xxxvi. acres and dī
lxxxxii, li,	C. xxxviii acres
lxxxxiii. li.	C. xxxix. acers and dī
lxxxxiiii. li.	C, xli. acres
lxxxxv, li.	C. xlii. acres and dī
lxxxxvi. li.	C. llxiiii. acres
lxxxxvii. li.	C. xlv, acres and d,
lxxxxviii. li.	C, xlvii. acres
lxxxxix, li	C, xlviii, acres and d,
C, li,	C, l, acres,
CC, li,	CCC, acres
CCC, li,	iiii, C, l, acres
CCCC, li,	v. C, acres
v. C, li,	vii, C, l, acres
vi, C, li,	ix▪ C, l, acres
vii, C, li,	M, l, acres
viii. C, li,	M, CC, acrers
ix. C. li,	M. CCC, l▪ acres
M. li,	M. CCCCC. acres.

¶ Thus endeth this waye of turnynge of poundes into Markes or Acres.

¶ Of another waye of sūmynge of measures in to acars.

BEcause this Rule of summynge of acars beforesayde is very harde and tedyous to them, that bee not experte and redy in castynge of a compte, and manye tymes they be deceyued in true summynge of measures after this waye. Therfore ye shall haue hereafter a Rule folowynge more playner, and redy to all men, for the true knowledge of this thynge. Ther¦fore when ye haue caste out the lengthe and bredthe of your lande, by suche wayes and reason as ye haue seene before in dy∣uers fasshyon of fygures, by dyuers ex∣amples. Then ye shall seeke out the nom∣bre of perpches of the lengthe of your lande in the hygher margent, and the nombre of perches of the bredthe of your lande, in the syde of the margent. And then ye shall seke out benethe vppon the same syde, that place, the whyche dothe auswere dy∣rectlye to bothe of these nombres, of the lengthe and of the breadthe togyther.

And theare ye shall fynde the nombre of acres, roodes, dayeworkes, and perches

conteined within the lengthe and bredth of the same measure.

¶ Explicit.

¶ To knowe the reason of this rule folowynge.

BVt fyrste for the perfect knowledge of this Rule folowynge, ye shall vnder∣stande, that the nombres set aboue in the hygher margent, do sygnifie the nombre of perches in the lengthe of the measure. And the nombres set in the syde margent, do sig∣nyfye the nombre of perches in the breadth of the measure. The fyrste nombre set to euerye square place beneth vpon the sydes, do betoken the nombre of acres. The fy∣gure of. 1. set aboue, in the lifte of the saide places, dothe betoken a roode, or a quarter of dī. acre. The fygure of. 2. set there signy¦fieth an acre. The fygure of. 3. set ther signy¦fieth three quarters of an acre. The fyrste fygure set in the lēger parte of euery place, betokeneth the nombre of day workes, and the fygure that foloweth next after that, be tokenethe the nombre of perches. Also ye shall note, y^t this rule doth extende from the

nombre of one perche, to the nombre of. vi. score perches in length. And from the nōbre of one perche to the nōber of an. C. perches in breadthe, and no further. This rule shoulde bee written altogither vpon one syde of a table that ye might see all togither, the whole length and breadth of al these nombres before saide. But bycause this maner of table, shulde be very large & tedeous to beare aboute. Therfore it is de∣uyded in this litell Boke, in to the. x. partes as it doth playnelie appeare hereafter.

• 1. ¶ The fyrst parte is from i perche to. vi score perches, in length, and from one to. x. in bredth.
• 2. ¶ The seconde parte is from. xi. to. vi. score in length, and from. xi to. xx. in bredth.
• 3. ¶ The thirde part is from. xxi. to. vi. score in length, and from xxi. to. xxx. in bredth.
• 4. ¶ The fourth parte is from. xxxi. to. v. score in length, & from. xxxi. to. xl. in bredth.
• 5. ¶ The. v. parte is from. xli. to. vi. score in length, and from. xli. to. l. in bredth.
• ...

• 6. ¶ The. vi. parte is from, li. to. vi. score in length, and from. li. to. lx. in bredth.
• 7. ¶ The. vii. parte is from. lxi. in to sixe score in lēgth, and from thre score and one, to thre score and ten in breadth.
• 8. ¶ The. viii. parte is from. lxx. to. vi. score in length, and from. lxxi. to. lxxx. in bredth.
• 9. ¶ The. ix. parte is from. lxxxi. to. vi. score in length and from. lxxxi. to. lxxxx. in bredth.
• 10. ¶ The. x. parte is from. lxxxxi. to vi. score in length. & from. lxxxxi. to an. C. in bredth.

¶ Here endeth the measurynge of Landes. And hereafter foloweth the me∣asurynge of Tymber.

¶ To measure Tymber or Stone, in length, breadth and depthe by the foote square.

[illustration]

IN measurynge Tymber. Stone, or anye other lyke thyng in length, bredth, & depth, by the foote square ye must diligētly mark, whither it be equaly. iiii. square, or partly. iiii. squa¦re, or els in. iii. sides equally, or parte¦ly square, or els in. v. vi. vii. or more sides square. Or els all rounde, with out any square syde. And if a pece of timber be equally in. iiii. sydes square lyke to this presente fygure, then ye maye take in dyfferently one of them

to the breadthe of the true square of that maner pece of tymber. And thē set forth the length therto for a foote square, as doth apere by the mesure that foloweth after that square in the fygure of Tymber measure, as in this example. The. iiii. square sydes be euerye one. xii. ynches brode, then ye must laye out to that breadth. xii. ynches in lengthe, the whiche dothe make one foote square in tymber me asure, as dothe appere in the fygure of tymber, measure folowig. Another example. The square sydes, be euery one. x. ynches brode, thē laye out. vii. ynches. qr. ynch therto in length for one foote square, as doth appere in the same rule folowynge, and so lyke wyse of all other peces of Tymber e∣quallye. iiii. square.

¶ Of a pece of tymber in. iiii. sydes partely square.

[illustration]

BVt bycause al peces of Tymber, be not in all. iiii. sydes equallye square, lyke to this foresayde fygure, but some be in. iiii. sydes partely squa¦re, lyke to this present fygure. Ther∣fore in suche peces of tymber ye shall laye one broder & one narrower side in one whole sume togither, and de∣uyde them equally into two partes, and then take one of them for the breadth of the square of suche maner tymber, as many artificers do com∣monlye vse, the which be greatly de∣ceyued therby, bycause by suche deuy siō, they make y^e square therof much more then the trueth, and by reason of the more square, they sette forthe the lesse lengthe thereto, for a foote

square in Tymber measure, But ye shall take the square of such a pece of Tymber, as is set forthe in the table of squares folowinge, accordinge to one of his broder & narrower sydes of what dyuers quantityes so euer they be. And thē ye shal measure the lengthe therto, for a foote square in Tymber measure, as it is plaīely set forth in the figure of Timber mesure next after that rule folowynge, as in this example. The pece of tymber is on one side. xii. ynches brode, and on the other syde. xvi. ynches brode, thē take. xiii. ynches di. ynch quarter yn∣che, quarter quarter ynch of. quarter quarter ynche, for the square of these two bredthes, as doth appere in the fygure of squares folowynge. After warde ye shall laye to this square. x. ynches, quarter ynches in length for one foote square in tymbre measure as doth appere in the fygure of tym∣ber

measure folowige. But bycause y^e squares doe not alwayes tyse to any ynches, but sōtymes to odde partes of any ynche, ••s in this exāple before sayde. Therfore the odde quantytes after your dyserescyon considered, ye shall adde to, or take away, sum part more or lesse in settyng forth the foot square in Tymber measure, besyde the quātyties expressed in the figure of tymber measure here. For it were very hard, yet imposiyble to set forth true quantities of tymber mea••sure, to all odde quantyties of squares.

¶ Of a pece of tymber in. iii. sydes equally square.

[illustration]

AND when a pece of Tymber is in. iii. sydes equally square, lyke to this present fygure, then ye shall take y^e distaunce betwene one of the angles to the mydie of the contrary syde for the square, and the halfe of one whole syde for another square. Thenne serche oute in the fygure of tymber, as it is set forth there accor∣dynge to the broder and narrower sydes therof, as i this example. The dystaunce betwene the one angle to the contrarie syde is. x. ynches, & the half one whole side is. vi. ynches, thē take. vii. ynches di. ynche, quarter yn che, for the square of this lēgth, and bredth, as doth appere in the figure afterwarde ye shal lay to this. ii. fore xi. ynches, quarter ynche, in lengthe, for one foote square in Tymber mea¦sure, as doth appere in the fygure of tymber measure. Alwayes consyde∣red the od quantytes of the square

aboue the. vii. ynches.

¶ Of a pece of Tymber in. iii. sydes partely, or dyuersly square w^t one plaine Angle.

[illustration]

ALso whē a pece of tymber is in iii. sydes partelye or dyuerslye square with one playn angle, lyke to this presente fygure. Then ye shall measure from the playn angle to the sharpe angle on the one syde for one square, and measure from the plaine angle, to the sharpe angle on y^e other syde, and take halfe of that measure for the other square. Then take the square of that pece of tymber, as it is set foorth in the Fygure accordynge

to the one border, and one narrower sydes therof, as in this example, the one syde from the playn angle to the sharpe angle is. xii. ynches in bredth And the other syde from the playne angle to y^e other sharp angle is. viii. ynches in bredth. Then take. xii. for the bredth of one syde of the tymber and halfe of the other side of. viii. the whiche is. iiii. for the bredth of ano∣ther side. Then take. vi. ynches halfe ynche, quarter ynche. di. qr. ynche. qr quarter ynch, di. quarter ynche, for the square of this lēgth & bredth, as doth appere in the figure, afterward ye shall laye to this square sum part lesse than the. iiii. foote in length, for one foote square in tymber measure as doth appeare in the fygure of tym¦ber mesure in cōsideration of y^e odde quantyties aboue the. vi. ynches in the square aforesayde.

¶ Of a pece of tymber in. v. sydes equally square.

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IF a pece of tymber be in. v. sydes equally square like to this presēt fygure, then ye shall measure all the square sydes of it rounde aboute and take halfe the nombre of ynches of that measure for one square syde. And thē ye shall measure the distaū∣ce from the mydie of the ende of the tymber, to the mydle of one square syde betwene the two angles, as it appeareth by the lyne in the same fy¦gure. And take the measure of y^e dy∣staūce for another square syde, as in this exāple, in this figure of. v. square euery syde is. x. ynches, the which. v. tymes multiplied maketh. l. then ta∣ke halfe. l. the whiche is. xxv. for one

square & y^e distaūce betwene y^e midle paynt to the midle of one square side the whiche is. vii. for another square syde. Thā take. xiii. ynches dī. quar. ynch, quarter qr. ynch. di. quarter qr ynche, for the square of this length, and bredth. Afterwarde ye shall laie to this square, some parte lesse than x. ynches, quarter ynche, in lēgth for one foote square in tymber measure, as doth appere in the fygure of tym∣ber measure, by reason of y^e odde quā tyties aboue the. xiii. ynches to the square aforesayde. This laste rule ye shall folowe generally in measuryng of all other peces of tymber in. vi. vii. viii. or more sydes equally square.

¶ Of a pece of rounde tymber without any square sides.

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ANd whē a pece of tymber is all roūde without any square side lyke to this present fygure, then ar∣tyficers moste cōmonely doe gyrde it roūde about with a lyne, & deuyde y^e measure of that gyrdynge into. iiii. equall partes, and thē they take one of them for the square of such a roūd pece of tymber. But they be greatlye deceyued by suche maner of measu∣ring, for they make the square therof muche lesse than the trueth, and by settyng forth the more length therto for a foote square in tymber measure much more 〈◊〉〈◊〉 her for a foote square in suche rounde peces, than is ryght. Therfore whē ye haue gyrded it roū¦de about with a lyne, ye shall deuide the length therof into. ii. equall par∣ties, and take one parte of them for one square syde of suche a roūde pece of tymber. Afterward ye shal deuide agayne the same whole lengthe in

to. iii. parties, and take halfe one of them for another square syde of this pece of timber. Thē take. viii. ynches dī. ynch dī. quarter ynche di. qr. quar¦ter ynche, for the true square of this lēgth and bredth as doth appere in the fygure. Afterwarde ye shall laye to this square some parte lesse than two foote. iii. ynches in lēgth for one foote square in tymber measure, as doth appeare in the figure of tymber measure nexte after that folowynge, wythe allowance of some parte lesse for the odde quātities aboue the. viii ynches of the square afore sayde.

¶ Explicit.