Mohammedis imposturæ: that is, A discouery of the manifold forgeries, falshoods, and horrible impieties of the blasphemous seducer Mohammed with a demonstration of the insufficiencie of his law, contained in the cursed Alkoran; deliuered in a conference had betweene two Mohametans, in their returne from Mecha. Written long since in Arabicke, and now done into English by William Bedwell. Whereunto is annexed the Arabian trudgman, interpreting certaine Arabicke termes vsed by historians: together with an index of the chapters of the Alkoran, for the vnderstanding of the confutations of that booke.

The Arabian Trudgman.

A

• ABA'LKIBLA, was an idoll in the Alcaaba or temple of Mecha; which before Moham∣meds time the Arabians did all generally wor∣ship, and offer sacrifice vnto. See the booke De generatione Mohammedis.
• ABASSINI, looke Alhabassi.
• ABELKIBLA, and Abel, the same that Aba'lkibla.
• ADMIRANS, see Amir.
• ADMIRALLIVS, see Amirallius.
• AGBEL, or Agbal, signifieth a mountaine, as some do affirme, and is the same with Gabel, Gebel, or Gibel.
• ALAMBELI, a sect of Saracens professing Moham∣meds superstitious lawes. See Melici.
• ALCAABA, Alkaaba, or Alkaba, is the name of that Church, Temple, or Mesgid in the city Mecha in Arabia Felix, which the Mohammetanes do from all parts yearly visit. Of this that forenamed booke doth thus write: An∣no vicesimo quinto fundatum est Alkaba: Anno verò quadra∣gesimo Machumet Propheta datus est. In the 25 yeare, the Alcaaba was begun to be built; and in the 40 yeare Mo∣hammed our Prophet was borne. And like as we reade that Daniel, and other of the Saints of God, being in exile or in forraine countries, did make their prayers and ori∣sons toward Ierusalem: so the Turks, in imitation of them, do vsually pray with their faces toward this temple.
• ALCABIR, elcabir, elguibir, signifieth Great, as Gua∣da'lcabir, The great riuer, Casar elcabir, The great palace, Marsa'lcabir, The great hauen.
• ...

• ALCASAR, Alkazar, The palace, the kings house: There are diuerse places of this name in Africa. See Casar.
• ALCAIR, Alkair, Alchaira. The citie. The name of a great city of Egypt, so called, Cat'hexochen: although Leo be of another opinion. Cairo, Cairus, oppidum AEgypti prope Memphis ruinas aedificauit Muauias. Muauias, a Chalife of Egypt, saith mine author, built the city Cayro, neare vnto the place, where somtime Memphis did stand.
• ALCASAVA, see Kasaua.
• ALEFRANGI, Alfrangi, Frangi, or Phrangi, are pro∣perly those people, which now do inhabite that king∣dome, which the Romanes and all ancient historians did call Gallia Celtica, which at this day are called Franci, The Frenchmen: But in the histories of the Saracens and Turks it hath a larger acceptation. Fr••nci enim in recentiorum Graecorum historijs, quae res fefellit plurimos, non Galli solùm intelligendi sunt, sed Itali & Siculi: Eò quod Siciliae regnum illis temporibus, & pars Italiae à Francis tenebatur. By the Franci, saith Iunius, in the histories of the latter Greeke writers, which is a matter that hath deceiued many, are not vnder••tood the French-men onely, but the Italians & Sicilians: because that at that time the kingdome of Sici∣lia, yea & a part of Italy too, was possessed by the French. Yea in the letters of the king of Achem vnto our king, it signifieth the Spaniards: And I doubt not but generally they include in it all the Christians of the West.
• ALESALEM, Lex Dei salutaris, Thus they say the Sa∣racens call the Alkoran. Ipsi autem Saraceni vocant eam (suba. legem) denominatiuè Elesalem, quod interpretatur Lex salutaris Dei, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: The Saracens themselues do call their law Elesalem, which by inter∣pretation is as much to say, as the law of saluation, or the law of God. If he had said, the law of damnation, and of the diuell, he had said well. Cydon. 131.
• ALFAKIH, Alfaqui, Fakih, Faqui, or Faquinus, as the learned Viues conceiueth it, is in the Mosquits or temples

• of the Mohametanes, one, that in the manner of a Priest, doth their diuine Seruice, readeth the Law, and doth in∣terpret and expound the same. In the plurall number they call them Elfocowah. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, h.e. Elphocaa, id est, magni doctores, & expositores, Cydon. 142. Summi apud eos, saith Cantacuze∣nus, perditissimorum dogmatum doctores, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. h.e. quos illi Helphocaa, id est, eximios nominant. Cantacu. orat. ij. Now what manner of men these be, the historians shall tell thee: Turcici sacerdotes, à laicis haud multum differunt: Satis enim illis est, si Alcoranum legere, & Turcicè ad verbum interpretari norint. The Turkish priests do not much differ from their lay-men: For it is enough for them, if they can reade the Alkoran, and also interpret it word for word into Turkish. Which also M. Syluaticus doth affirme: Alfachi, est qui docet matrimonium contrahere Arabes; & qualiter debeant orare. Et est doctor legis, qui non probat quicquā. Nam praeceptis legis credere oportet sine argu∣mentatione. Mutali verò est philosophus, qui probat quod docet necessarijs argumentis. An Alfakih, saith Matt. Syluaticus, is he that amongst the Arabians doth solemnise mariages, and teacheth them how they ought to pray. He is a doctor or teacher of their law, but he need not prooue or de∣monstrate ought that he teacheth. For a man ought to be∣leeue the grounds of the law without any proofe. Now the Mutaali is a Philosopher or scholer, which prooueth by necessary consequences that which he goeth about to teach.
• ALFA QVI, see Alfakih.
• ALFVRKAN, Alphorkan, Furkan, Forchan, the booke of the Law of Mohammed, that is the same that Alkoran is. Heare the Author of the booke intituled, De doctrina Mohammedis; Dic, inquit, si placet, quid misit Deus scriptum? Respondit sic, Quod? dicit, Alfurkan. Cur dictum Alfurkan? Dixit, quia discretae sunt sententiae, & figurae eius. Est liber legis Arabum Alchoran, saith Cardinall Cusa, ob prae∣ceptorum

• collectionem: Atque Alfurkan, ob discretam capitum separationem nominatus. pag. xxvi. These lawes written by Mohammed, as they say, in schedules & litle scroles, were afterward by Omar digested into one volume; which by Othoman was reuised, corrected, & reduced into that or∣der and ••orme, as now we see to this day: For thus ••aith mine Author:

  Omar collegit schedas Muamedis: Othmenus verò in meliorem ordinem redegit, in capita distribuit, ex iisque librum, qui Alkoran, siue Alfurkan vocatur, componi curauit, in quo omnia Muamedicae sectae dogmata & instituta conti∣nentur.

• ALGARBII, or Garbij, are a people belonging to the kingdome of Portugall, whose countrey or prouince where they dwel is called Regnum Algarbiorum. The word signifieth, the Westerne-men. And indeed they possesse the vttermost part of Spaine toward the West. And for the same reason was the whole countrey of Spaine, of the Greeks, called Hesperia; because it lieth not onely on the West of Italy; but is also of all the maine land or conti∣nent of Europe, the most Westerly part: yea of the whole world, I meane of that which was at that time knowne to the Romanes or Greeks. This kingdome is bounded, as we haue said, vpon the West and South by the Ocean sea, vpon the East by the riuer Guadiana: how farre it exten∣ded Northward, he doth not tell, neither dare I deter∣mine. Sub Portugallia hoc tempore, ait doctissimus Ortelius, ALGABIAE regnum, quae eius pars maritima est versus Me∣ridiem, pertinet. Eius enim Rex se Regem Portugalliae, Al∣garbiae, Guineae, AEthiopiae, Arabiae, Persiae & Indiae, scribit. Hoc regnum primùm circa annum 1100 initium habuit. Ad ea enim vsque tempora sub Hispaniae nomine, vti & antiquitus, censebatur. Sic autem de eo Marineus scribit•• Henricus quidam Lotharingiae Comes, vir in bello fortissimus, è Gallia veniens, magnas aduersus Mauros res gessit. Pro quibus Alfonsus VI, Castellae rex permotus, filiam suam notham, nomine Tiresiam, es matrimonio collocauit: & Galleciae partem, quae in regno Por∣tugalliae

• continetur, nomine dotis assignauit. Ex eo postea matri∣monio natus est Alphonsus, qui primus Portugalliae Rex est ap∣pellatus: Primus qui Ulixbonam à Mauris recepit. Quorum quinque simul regibus vno praelio superatis, quinque scutorum insigne facti monumentum reliquit. To Portugal at this time, saith the learned Ortelius, doth belong the kingdome of the Algarbij, which is the sea coast of it toward the South. For that king doth stile himselfe, King of Portugallia, Al∣garbia, Guinea, AEthiopia, Arabia, Persia and India. This kingdome did first begin in the yeare of our Lord 1100. For euen vnto that time, as anciently it hath bene, it was accounted as a part of Spaine. For thus doth Mari∣neus describe this history: One Henry Earle of Loraine, a valiant man, well experienced in warlike affaires, coming thither out of France, did great seruice against the Sara∣cens. For the which Alphonsus the VI, king of Castile gaue him in mariage a bastard daughter of his, called Ti∣resia, & withall did assigne in lieu of a dowrie, that part of Gallecia, which is contained within the kingdome of Portugall. Of this mariage did afterward spring Alphon∣sus which was the first king of Portugall, and was he that recouered Lisbone out of the hands of the Moores. Who also ouercoming in one set battaile fiue of their kings in one day, left vnto his successors for the armes of that kingdome fiue scutcheons, for a memoriall of that hono∣rable atchieuement of his.
• ALHABASI, or Alhabaës, are those people which the Geographers commonly call Abassini, that is, the AEthi∣opians, which at this day are for the most part vnder the gouernment and command of Prester Iohn, as they vul∣garly call him.
• ALHACCAM, see Haccam.
• ALHAGE, is a title of honour and dignitie amongst the Turkes, and is giuen to all such as haue visited the Al∣caaba or sepulcher of Mohammed: And therefore is an∣swerable to that degree of knight-hood amongst the

• Christians which they call Sancti sepulchri. We may call them Knights of Mecha.
• ALHEGIRA, Alhegire, and Taricha'lhegira, is the Epo∣cha of the Mohammetists, or beginning of time from whence they beginne their account, as the Iewes do from the Creation, and the Christians from the birth of Christ. This aera or epocha of the Arabians beginneth, as many do thinke, from the time that Mohammed their Prophet fled from Mecha, to Iethrab: (following herein, as seemeth, the nature of the word, which signifieth a flight, or run∣ning away:) or from the time of the first publication of his cursed law, which the learned do rather applaud.
• ALKABIS, see Kabis.
• ALKIBLA, see Aba'lkibla.
• ALKORAN, Alchoranus, Alchoranum, & sine articulo Korranus, Chorranum, the booke of the law of the false Prophet Mohammed: 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, saith Canta∣cuzenus, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, h. e. Liber Arabicè Korràn nominatur: Latinè verò Lex Dei salutaris. Item alibi, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, hoc est, Retinense interprete, Collectionem praeceptorum: Clu∣niacense autem, Collectaneum praeceptorum. All of them do thus interpret the word; although falsly, as the learned can beare mee witnesse. For grammer doth teach vs, That the thema is not KARANA, coniunxit, collegit, as they would make vs beleeue: but KARA, which signi∣fieth, to reade: So that Alkoran in Arabicke is iust as much as Hammikrà is in Ebrew; that is, The text, corpus iuris, the authenticall body of their law. As the Psalmes of Da∣uid in our Church, are read ouer euery moneth, that is, euery thirtie daies: and in the ancient Churches of the Greeks and Syrians, euery 20 daies: So is the Alkoran, by the decree of Omar, in their Mosquits read ouer once in a moneth; Doctr. Mohammedis. Omar primus legem tu∣lit, vt in omnibus templis (Mescitas, ipsi vocant) per totum Septembrem mensem supplicationes fierent. Omar was the first

• that made a law, that in all their synagogues (Mesgids, they call them) prayers should bee read euery day through∣out the moneth of September. This moneth they call Ramadhan, which also is their Lent: ••eiunium mensem totum seruari voluit, tantum{que} noctibus cibum capi. They fast an whole moneth together, eating nothing all day long, but in the night onely.
• ALMEDEN, see Elmeden.
• ALMOHALLA, signifieth the Campe, or an armie, that is, a company of souldiers led and conducted by one Ge∣nerall, and lodging within the same trenches.
• AMIR, Amira, Amiras, or Admirant, as some haue it, signifieth a commander, lieutenant or president. Imperium obtinens, or admirans regni, as others interpret it. Athemate AMARA praecepit. Quidam Calyfa, creauit quatuor tribunos militum, vulgo Admirantes appellatos, quibus singulis multos duces & Centuriones attribuit: Eosque quatuor duces Acutos Dei gladios nuncupauit. One of the Chalifs created & made as the historians do ••estifie, foure lieutenants, (Amit's they call them,) which had the command and leading of many Captaines and Centurions. These he called The sharpe swords of God. Herehence is that title of the kings of Barbary, one of whose titles is, Amira'lmowminin, or as Leo Africanus doth conceiue and write it, Miralmumi∣nus, that is, Praeses fidelium, The prouost of the faithfull. Of which one thus speaketh, Miralmuminus, quae vox Princi∣pem credentium significat: Historici nostri corruptè vocant Mi∣ramulinum. Primus omnium qui se hoc titulo insigniuit fuit A∣bedramon, qui Maroci vrbem maximam condidit.
• AMIRALIVS, the Admirall. A title of honour, or name of an office hauing command and charge of sea bu∣sinesses, or of the Kings nauie. And therefore is compoun∣ded, as generally all the learned do affirme, of the Ara∣bicke word Amir, aforesaid: and of 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 a greeke word, which signifieth Marinus, of or belonging to the sea.
• ANTIOCHIA Syriae, one of the foure cities, which as

• this wicked impostor would haue the world beleeue, did come from hell into this world. See Elmeden.
• ARABES, Alarbes, Larbes, are those people which from the confusion of tongues inhabited that countrey of Asia, which is called Arabia. As the countrey is large, so haue these people spred themselues into many coun∣tries, made many conquests, and planted ••undrie colonies, both in Asia and Africa. The Arabians, as Leo testifieth, are of three sorts: For either they are Arabi araha, or Arabes arabici, that is, true and naturall Arabians: or else they are Arabi mostaaraba, Arabes inarabati, that is, Ara∣bes per accidens: quia non sunt Arabes natiui. Or lastly they are Arabì Mustehgeme, Arabes Barbari. Item, Mozarabes, are Arabians mingled with other nations. Item Mozara∣bica, hocest, as mine author doth informe me, cum Arabico mixta.
• ASAFII, a sect of Saracens subiecting themselues to Mohammeds lawes. See Melici.
• AZZEKOM, or as it is sometime ignorantly written, Alzekom, it is a tree whose fruite is exceeding bitter; of which the blasphemer saith, that the wicked shall feed on in hell. Mansio corum (intellige infidelium) puteus Abyssi: Potus omni felle amarior: Cibus de arbore quae appellatur A∣zachum [aliâs, Alzekon] & est omni pessimo sapore deterior: Author libri de Haeres. Heraclij, &c. Item infra, Arbor Aza∣chum data est pro delectatione impijs. Ipsa est enim quae in pro∣fundo Abyssi nascitur, cuius fructus quasi daemoniorum. De quo manducantes ventrem suum implebunt. This is cited out of the 37 Chapter of the Alkoran, which is intituled Assora Assaphet; The words there according to Retinensis are these, Arbor Ezetius (tu scribe, Ezecus, vel rectiùs, Ez∣zecum) ob malos plantata cyros, sicut diabolorū capita gestans, & ex sua radice Gehennae focum emittens. Vnde cibandi incre∣duli, ventres suos farciunt. pag. 139. Here you see one rare plant, to be added as a supplement vnto Clusius, or Mo∣nardus, which haue written of this argument.
• ...

• AZOARA, Azzoara, Assora, is as much as a Chapter or section. See the Treatise following.

B

• BABE'LMANDEB, (falsly written in all mappes, Ba∣belmandel) is the mouth of the Arabian gulfe, (sinus Ara∣bicus, or as the Arabians call it, Bahri'lkulzom) by which it openeth & falleth into the Red sea. See Nubiensis Geo∣graphy. The word signifieth, The flood-gate.
• BARAK, Borak, Albarak, or as the Greeks do write it 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, Elmparac, was the beast which Mohammed rode vpon when he receiued his commission. Asserebat, saith Ricoldus, quod à Deo ad eum missus est Gabriel, ducens ad eum quoddam animal, maius quidem asino: minus autem mulo. Nomen autem animali erat Elmaparac. Loquebatur au∣tem animal, ambulábat{que} in hora viam quinque millium anno∣rum; & haec faciebat in nocte. cap. vij. See more of this beast∣ly fable, at the 14. Chapter of Ricold. Florent. Item see the 4 cration of Cantacuzenus.
• BAR, signifieth a desert or solitary place. It is the same that Sarra.
• BAZESTAN, is an hortyard, or garden, as Bellonius testifieth.
• BEBE'LBAHAR, that is, Porta marina. It is one of the suburbs of ••he city Tunis in Africa.
• BEBE'LMANERA, is one of the suburbs of the citie Tunis.
• BEBE'LSVVAICA, is one of the suburbs of the citie Tunis in Africa, which standeth neare vnto the place where sometimes Carthage stood.
• BELD, Belid, Bled, or as the Spaniards do pronounce it, Velez, signifieth, a countrey, shire or prouince; and is preposed, as you see in the examples following, contrary to the vse of our English word shire.
• BELD huneb, hoc est, ciuitas vel regio Zizyphorum, a ci∣tie in Africa, so called, as Leo Africanus doth testifie, of

• the abundance of Iuinbes which do grow thereabout.
• BELIDV'LGERID, vel Bellidulgerida regio, hoc est, Locustarum regio; not as some would haue it, and which you shall find approoued generally by all Cosmogra∣phers, Dactylifera regio. For Gerid signifieth, a Locust or Grashopper. Truth it is, that here do grow the best and greatest plenty of Da••es in the world, which the same Author doth auerre in these words: Secunda pars Africae, quae Latinis Numidia dicta erat, Arabibus hodie Belidulgerid vocatur. Haec caregio est quae dactylos producit. Yet it taketh not the name or denomination from thence: For then it should haue bene called Bleda'ttamar, or Bleda' nnachel. For as in Ebrew, so in Arabicke, Tamar with tau, signifi∣eth a Date: so that the fruite that is called a Tamarind, is nothing else but a Date of India. Itē, the same fruite is in Arabicke named Nachel, not Gerid, as they would haue vs beleeue.
• BEITHA' LMIKDAS, Domus sanctuarij. Thus the Ara∣bians do vulgarly call Ierusalem. Neither do I remember it called by any other name, but by the Christians, who do follow the steps of the writers of the bookes of the holy Scripture.
• BEITHE' LMEL, Bitelmel, The exchequer, the treasury.
• BENI, or Bani, signifieth sonnes, or nephewes, that is, grandchildren. It is a word often read preposed before other words: which therefore do not properly signifie any set place: but rather some name of a family, nation, kinred, or cast as they call it.
• BVANIFI, is one of the sects of Mohammetists. See Melici.

C

• CAABA, see Alcaaba.
• CAFFILA, is the same almost that Karawan is: that is to say, a conuoy, or company of men, with weapons hired to defend and gard others from the violence of theeues and robbers.
• ...

• CAIRO, Cairus, see Alcair.
• CARTEIA, a citie in the South part of Spaine, neare to the promontory Calpe, now called Tarifa. See Tarif.
• CARAVANNA, est frequens mulionum turma. A Carauan, is a great company of such as do driue Mules and Camel•• loden with some merchandise or other, saith Bellonius. Item in another place he saith, Turcae magno numero per turm••s, quas ipsi Cara••ana as nominant, incedunt. The Turk•• do trauell and go together by great companies, which they call Carauans.
• CASAR, see Alcasar.
• CASAR elcabir, that is, Palatium magnum or as Leo's interpreter hath, Palatium regium, a great large towne, built as the same Author saith, by Mansor the King of Marocco. See Alcasar.
• CASAR ezzaghir, that is, Palaetium minus, a citie in Barbarie built in the time of the aboue named Mansor, or Almansor, king of Marocco.
• CHALIFA, Califa, Chalibas, is the title of honor attri∣buted to the successors of Mohammed; it is commonly interpreted by the Historiographers Pontifex, that is, Bi∣shop: The word signifieth a successour. Moriens Muame∣des Alim generum, saith the history, successorem suum decla∣rauit, & Calyfam, hoc est, Pontificem, sectae suae esse voluit. I∣tem, Salinus (fortè Saladimus) AEgypti imperium adeptus, edixit vt Calyfae AEgypti vocarentur Sultani, quae vox sum∣mum principem & regum regem significat.
• CHORAN, see Alkoran.
• CVDSI mubarrak, that is, Sanctuarium benedictum, is one of the names of Ierusalem; and is aequipollent to that which is more commonly vsed amongst them, Beith al∣mikdas, that is, Domus sanctuarij.

D

• DHI' LHAGIA, Dilhaia, Dulhage, the name of the twelfth moneth of the Arabian yeare, containing com∣monly but 29 dayes.
• ...

• DHI'LKAADA, Dilkada, Dulcaeda, Dulkada, the name of the eleuenth moneth of the Arabian yeare, containing alwaies 30 daies.
• DHI' LKARNAIN, Duorum cornuum, thus the Arabi∣ans do call the AEra or Epocha of Alexander the Great, that is, the computation of yeares from his time. See Caluisius, or Scalig. de Emend. tempor.
• DIWAR•• Dwar, a company of ten••s orderly placed in forme of a towne, in which a nation, family, or stocke descended from the same father, do dwell.

E

• EHBERAM, a city of Armenia, one of the foure which came out of hell into this world. See Elmeden.
• ELESALEM, see Alesalem.
• ELMEDEN Chaldaeae, one of the foure wicked cities, as the false Prophet Mohammed doth auerre, which came from hell into this world: Vastat, saith he, ciuitas AEgyp∣ti, Antiochia Syriae, Ehberam Armeniae, & Elmeden Chaldaeae, sunt quatuor ciuitates quae in hunc mundum venerunt ex Infer∣no. Doctrin. Moham pag. 196.
• ELMVDEVVANA, est magnum quoddam Saracenicae le∣gis volumen, quod Legum farraginem interpretantur. Item infrà, Elmudeuuana totius iuris corpus est: Vide Leonem.
• ELMADINA, vel Elmedina, hoc est ciuitas, as Leo in∣terpreteth it. See Medina.
• ELPHOCAA, see Alfakih.

F

• FRANGI•• see Alephrangi.
• FOKAA, see Alfakih.
• FVRKAN, see Alfurkan.

G

• GABEL, is a mountaine in Arabia. The word signifieth as Curio testifieth, an hill, and so it is the same with Gibel.
• ...

• GARBII, see Algarby.
• GEZIRA, or Giesera, signifieth, as Leo testifieth, an Iland. Herehence do many and sundry places take their denomination, as Gezirat Eldeheb, Insula aurea, in Egypt.
• GESEIR, hoc est, Algira. Geseir autem Afris, atque nobis, saith Leo, insulam sonat, sic dicta quod insulis Maioricae, Minoricae & Genisae adiaceat. Item,
• GEZIRA Taref, (not Gelzira, as there you shall find it falsly written) est insula parua in sinu Culpae, quae à Tarife di∣cta est. See Taref.
• GIEBEL, or Gibel, the name of diuerse places in Eu∣rope, Africa, and Asia. The word signifieth a mountaine. Herehence the name of the mouth of the narrow seas, (Fretum Gaditanum, the Straights) is after the Arabicke name vulgarly, by the seamen & others called Estrecho de Gibraltar, strictum Zibeltar, or Zibeltara, as some call it. See Tarif. The famous hill in Sicilia, of the ancients called AEtna, is now called Mon-gibello. &c. Item, Gabel elhadi∣dus (not Gebelehadichus, as it is there falsly written) that is, Mons ferreus, is an hill in Arabia Felix, as I remember.
• GIVMAA, is in Arabicke the name of the Turkes sab∣bath, which alwaies is our Friday. The word signifieth Conuentum, congregationem; quasi dicas, Diem conuentus. Di∣em veneris, saith a learned man, Arabes appellant Diem con∣gregationis, quòd ea die in templis suis ad sacra peragenda, con∣gregari soleant. Item,
• ANNVS Aliema, is a certaine yeare, much celebrated amongst the Mohammetanes or Turks, of which yeare their Chronographers do thus speake, Hic Moauui pace firmata communi fauore sublimatus, omnia redegit in melius. Ad quem omnes Orientales & Occidentales confluxerunt, illi parentes. Annum autem in quo contigit illud, annum Aliema, id est, annum congregationis, appelarunt.
• GIVMADI ewel, the first Giumadi, that is, the fifth moneth of the Arabian yeare, containing 30 dayes.
• GIVMADI achar, The latter Giumadi, that is, the sixth

• moneth of the Arabian yeare, containing but 29 dayes.
• ALGEZIRA d'alfrada, (or as it is written, Alzira Dal∣frada) that is, as I conceiue it, Insula freti, is the Ilād Gadiz on the cost of Spaine. Est insula quae olim Gad••s, in exteriore Oceano, propè fretum, sita.
• GWADI, signifieth a riuer: And hereof the riuer Baetis, which runneth by Siuill in Spaine, is to this day called Guadi'lkebir, that is to say, The great riuer. Item,
• GWADI, and Gwadiana, The riuer Anas, that runneth along by the East of the Algarbij.
• GVADALAGIRA, a place neare to Medina.
• GVADALGVIBIR, the same that Guadalkebir is.

H

• HACCAM, Alhaccam, a Iudge; It answereth to that of∣fice which we do call the Maior and Bayliffe of a towne or corporation. It differeth much from Kadi, or Alkadi, which signifieth also a Iudge: For this is an honourable title, giuen onely vnto the Nobility. The Haccams oft∣times are men of meaner degree.
• HALEB, Heleb, Halep, is that famous city or mart∣towne, which we commonly call Hallepo, or Allepo. Heleb vel Halep, saith Bellonius, totius orientis maximum empori∣um, est caput Comagenes. Ex neotericis nonnulli, veterum Hie∣rapolim esse existimant. At P. Gillius Berrhoeam esse censet. And in deed the Arabian paraphrast of the new Testa∣ment, for Berrhaea, wheresoeuer he found it, did translate it Haleb.
• HARAM, Haran, Elharam, Elaram, is a temple in Me∣cha, built as they do verily beleeue, by Abraham the Pa∣triarch. Of which the deceiuer speaketh in the Chapter A∣braham, on this manner: Templum Haram aedificatum est in terra Aman. Where Bookman in the margent hath these words; Amonitidi attribuit Mecham, Geographiae imperitus. But if I be not deceiued, in the Arabicke it is Ayaman, which is the name whereby Arabia Felix is knowne to

• these people. Item, the authour of the booke intituled De Gener. Moham. of this place writeth thus; Fibeit Alharam (hoc est, in dom•••• Haram) idolum adorans, repentè resonante va∣lido fragore perterritus est. That is, worshiping the idoll A∣bel in the temple Haram, hee was aff••ighted at a great cracke of thunder, which suddeinly then happened.
• HELARAM, see Haram.
• HELPHOCAA, see Alfakih.
• HIERVSALEM, was one of the three cities, which, as the impostour feigneth, came from Paradise, into this world. De doctr. Moham. pag. 196.

I

• IESRAB, or more truly Iethrab, Ietripum, and sometime Itraripum, Meccae vrbis agri oppidum, as the historians do tell vs, was one of the three cities, which as Mohammed would haue vs beleeue, came out of Paradise into this world. De doctrin. Moham. pag. 196.
• IERVSALEM, see Hierusalem, and Beita'lmikdas.
• IETHRAB, see Iesrab.

K

• KABIS, or Alkabis, is a mountaine in Arabia Felix, not farre from Mecha.
• KADI, Cadi, Alkaedi, Alkad, The Lord chiefe Iustice. A title of honour and high esteeme amongst the Arabians of Barbary. It is of greater honour then that of the Alhac∣cam; which is like as is with vs the Maior of a city. All the noblemen, as I take it, are thus stiled. For all of them haue this kind of authority giuen vnto them from the King. In the history of the warres of Ba••bary, it is taken for the kings lieutenant, and commander of his forces by land.
• KANTAR, Kintar, Cantarus, an hundred weight. The greatest weight amongst the Arabians of Barbary, cōtai∣ning an hundred pound weight; so called as I take it, of the latine word Centum. Vncia illis, saith mine Author, est qualis est Italis: verùm libra octo & decem capit vncias, voca∣tur{que}

• eorum lingua Rethl. Centum verò Rethl Cantarum v∣numefficiunt.
• KAPH, is a mountaine I know not where situate; but heare our fablers description of it. Procede, inquit, & ex∣pone, (hoc est, perge mentiri) cur coelum dictum est coelum? R. Ideo quidem quia de fumo creatum: Fumus verò vaporis ma∣ris, &c. Quid ergo habet quod viride est? R. Ex monte Kaf. Mons enim Kafex Smaragdis Paradisi, qui mons orbem terrae cingens, coelum sustinet, &c. De doct. Moham. pag. 192. & Cydon. 128. Is not this a strange kind of Philosophy? Moreouer AEthicus, I am sure, hath not recorded this mountaine amongst those famous hils of the world.
• KARAWAN, Caraban, a company of merchants going together for trading, with a great number of Horses, Ca∣mels, and Mules, loden with merchandise or other com∣modities. See Carawan.
• KASAVA, Alcasaua, is the name of the kings house in Marocco.
• KORRAN, see Alkoran.

M

• MAMALVCHI, were the souldiers of the Souldan of Babylon. Sultani milites, saith Cardinall Cufa, Mamaluchi vocabantur. The word signifieth seruants or slaues: that is, the kings vassals.
• MARSA, saith mine Author, signifieth an hauen, or port. Herehence Mersa'lcabir, id est, latissimus portus, is the name of a large and capacious hauen in Africa, quae tamen est male fida carinis, as Leo testifieth. Item,
• PORTVS Marsa, vel Burgi, that is, Turris portus, a port in Alexandria. Item,
• MARSA essilsela, Portus catenae, The chaine port: Ano∣ther port there.
• MECHA, a city of Arabia Felix (Ayamen they call it) to which from all places of Turky, they make their yearly peregrinations, to visite the tombe of Mohammed. In this city is the temple Haram, so often mentioned in the

• Alkoran, and in the histories of the Turks and Saracens. See Haram. Here also is the Alcaaba. It is one of the three cities which, as our fabler doth affirme, came out of Pa∣radise into this world. Iethrab and Ierusalem were the o∣ther two. De doctr. Moham. pag. 196.
• MEDINA Almeid••e, a city in Spaine, so called, as Leo affirmeth of a strange table which was kept there. Medina Almeidae, vrbs à mensa quadam, quae ex vnica gemma viridi, instar smaragdi, constabat, in eareperta, Arabum lingua nomen accepit. See Almedina, and Assora'lmaida.
• MEDINATA' LNABY, or more truly Medinata'nnaby, that is, the city of the Prophet, is a city of Arabia Felix. But whether it be Iethrab, or Mecha, or a third city diffe∣rent from both, I dare not for certaine affirme.
• MELICI, are a sect or faction of Mohammetans, or Saracens professing Mohammeds religion. Melici, saith Curio, Asafij, Alambeli, & Buanifi sunt quatuor sectae Sara∣cenorum. Afri sunt, Melici: Arabes & Damasceni, Asafij: Armeni & Persae, Alambeli: Alexandrini & Assyrij, Buanifi. In Cairo verò maxima AEgypti vrbe omnes sectae, nemine re∣pugnante, vigent. In this Cair is like vnto Amsterdam.
• MESGIED, Mesged, Mescita, Meskita, Mesquita, Mos∣quita, signifieth a Church, Temple, or Synagogue of the Mohammetanes, where they meete & performe all their superstitious seruice vnto their idoll. Turcarum phanum si∣ue templum Mesquita dicitur. In Arabia Felix there is a temple neare vnto Cufa, where Aly, one of the succe••sors of Mohammed was buried; Which therefore is called Masged-Aly, that is, templum Aly. The historians do falsly write it Massadale.
• MESQVITA, Mosquita, see Mesgied.
• MOHAMMED, (Mem being doubled by Teshdid) Mo∣hammed, Muhammedes, Muamedes, Mohammetus, Macho∣med, Moammetus, was the name of that famous impo∣stour and seducer of the Arabians or Saracens, the first au∣thor I meane and inuentor of the Alkoran and lawes of

• that superstitious faction. He was borne in Arabia, as the Historiographers do report, on the 22 day of Aprill (x. Kal. Maij) in the yeare after the birth of Christ 596: He died on the 13 of March (3. Id. Martij) in the yeare of our Lord 637, being of the age of 41 yeare••, and haui••g reigned 10. He was buried in Mecha, a city of Arabia Felix.
• MOHARRAM, Muharam, and with the article, Almu∣haram, the name of the first moneth of the Arabian Kalen∣dar, containing 30 daies. Amir autem filius Iezid illud per∣cipiens, obuius illum deuicit, & in Alcuphae confinio peremit, die decimo Almuharan.
• MOSQVITA, see Mesgied.
• MVLEY, Muleius, a title of honour signifying as much as Lord, or Commander. I do not find it giuen or attri∣buted to any but those of the kings stocke.
• MVSLIM, or Mussliman, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, Mussulmannus, is one that is instructed in the beleefe of the Mohamme∣tanes. Terrore perculsi multi mandato peruerunt, saith Can∣tacuzenus, & salui facti à sanguinis effusione, & rapina, & nominabantur Saluati, seu Musselmani; p. 64. Item alibi, Om∣nes hanc fidem tenentes, Mussilmannos, scilicet sanae fidei homi∣nes nominantur. Yet I confesse that the learned Bellonius, who had conuersed long with this sect, telleth vs that this name is giuen to euery one that is circumcised, and that at the time of the performance of this ceremony: But so, as none is to be admitted before he shall be able to an∣swer vnto certaine questions, which then are demanded of him: His words, to this purpose, are these: Circumci∣duntur Tu••cae, non octauo die, quemadmodum Iudaei: Sed octa∣uo anno, duodecimo, vel decimoquinto aetatis anno, vel maturi∣tùs, vel seriùs, pro rei opportunitate. Pueri enim non circumci∣duntur donec tam grandes sint, vt circumcisori respondere que∣ant. Fos in templo circumcidere non licet: sed in parentum aedi∣bus. Quoniam incircumcisi templū ingredi non possunt•• &c. Cae∣teris ••••a circumcisione nomen pueri non immutatur: sed id reti∣n••t

• quod illi in natiuitate inditum fuerat, addita solùm voce Mussulma, hoc est, Verus Turca circumcisiss. Musslim, there∣fore, or Musliman, is vsed amongst them in the same sence, as we vse the word Christianus, vel Catholicus, whereby we do signifie a member of the Church, one ingrafted or in∣corporated into the mysticall body of Ch••ist.
• MVSSLIMAN, Musslimannus, see Muslim.
• MVSHWART, or Mushward, is the king of Maroccos hall, or Great chamber•• where the Lords, Gentlemen, & Gard do attend the seruice and command of their Soue∣raigne.

N

• NADIR, Nathir, is that point in the heauen, which is opposite vnto the Zenith, or that point which is directly ouer our head. Zenith, saith Christmannus, quem Arabes scribunt Semith, vertex capitis est, seu polus horizontis: Punctū vertici oppositum appellant Nathir, quasi dicas, punctum simile: Est enum illud quasi alter polus horizontis, nobis depressus. That is, Zenith, which the Arabians do write Semith, is the point ouer our heads, or pole of the Horizon••. The point that is opposite to this, they call Nathir (or Nadir) as one would say, The like point. For that is as it were the other pole of the Horizont vnder vs.

O

• OSMENVS, a proper name of a man amongst the Ara∣bians; which is diuersly conceiued of the historians, some writing it Vsmen; others Othman, or Othoman. It was the name of the first Emperour of the Turks, which first wrung the scepter out of the hands of the Saracens.

P

• PHATIMI, one of the titles of the kings of Barbary. The word signifieth Ablactatus, wained, one newly taken from the mothers or nources breast. But in this place I suppose it to bee deriued from Phatima, the name of a woman of the posterity of Mohammed, from whom these

• kings do fetch their pedigree. I determine nothing, let those which are more conuersant in these stories bee iudge.
• PHRANGI, see Alphrangi.
• PHVRKAN, see Alfurkan.

R

• RAMADHAN, the ninth moneth of the Arabian Ka∣lendar, containing 30 daies. This moneth they fast, as we do in Lent.
• RABIE ewel, Rabie the first; The name of the third moneth of the Kalendar of the Arabians, containing 30 daies.
• RABIE achar, Rabie the latter. The name of the fourth moneth of the Arabian yeare, containing 29 daies.
• REGIAB, the seuenth moneth of the Arabians, con∣taining 30 daies.
• RETHL, is a kind of weight which answereth to our pound; it containeth 18 ounces. Libra, saith Curio, capit 18 vncias, Tethlam (malè, pro Rethlam) illi vocant. Vncia il∣lis est, saith Bellonius, qualis est Italis: Verùm libra octo & decem capit Vncias, vocatur{que} eorum lingua Rethl. Centum ve∣rò Rethl Cantarum vnum efficiunt. A pound weight which they call Rethel, containeth 18 ounces. Their ounce, ••aith Bellonius, is the same with the Italian ounce. But their pound containeth 18 ounces. This they call in their lan∣guage Rethel. Now an hundred Rethels do make a Can∣tar, or Kintar as some do pronounce it, that is, an hundred weight.

S

• SAHARA, The stonie countrey, the sands: the same al∣most that Sarra is: that is, a wildernesse or desart, vntilled and vnhabited, by reason that it is nothing but rocks, and ouerspread with sand.
• SALIBA, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, claua militaris, quia dentes vel cultri 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, scapo adhaerentes in omnes partes vulnerant. Saliba is

• a kind of souldiers weapons, or holy water sprinkle, as we call it, a kinde of club, which hauing diuerse spikes put crosse wise into the staffe, woundeth and hurteth which way soeuer you strike. We might call the crosse staffe by this name: For Salib in this language signifieth a crosse.
• SALIE, The Orisons. The Turks in 24 houres, do go sixe times to prayers: The first time is, as they write, about two houres before day, and is called Sallie: When as the Mo••don from the top of the steeple cryeth with a loud voice Allah cabir, la allah, illa ilellah, that is, God is almigh∣ty, there is no God, but the Lord. The second they call Sabaha'lhhair: The third, Dahour: The fourth, Lashour: The fift, Mogrubey: The sixth, Lashahara.
• SARRA, Serra, or as the Spaniards do pronounce it, Sierra, a desart place, a wildernesse. Diuerse places in A∣frica, and elsewhere, are called by this name: but espe∣cially that which was formerly called Lybia, is now na∣med Sarra, as the Cosmographers with one consent do teach vs. Tertia pars Africae, saith our Author, quae Lyb••a La∣tinis. Arabica lingua non aliter quàm Sarra appellatur, quae vox idem quod desertum significat. The third part of Africa, which the Latines called Libya, in the Arabicke tongue is called no otherwise then Sarra, which word in that lan∣guage signifieth a desert or wildernesse.
• SARRACENI, Sarazin••, Sarrasins, are those people which otherwise of the Ancients were called Arabes•• A∣rabians. Neither were they so named of Sara, Abrahams wife, as some men do thinke, but of Saraka, which signi∣fieth Furari, to rob or steale. And indeed the Arabians haue bene and are to this day accounted great sharkers and robbers.
• SCECVS, see Sheich.
• SHARIF, see Scherif.
• SEEDI, a name or title of honour, yet attributed vnto meane persons. It signifieth, My lord. The word is vsed in all respects as Monsieur, the French word, or Sir, the En∣glish.
• ...

• SEEDA, a Lady, Madame. The same that Seedi is, one∣ly differing in gender.
• SEMITH, see Zenith.
• SEPHAR, the second moneth of the Arabian yeare, containing 29 daies.
• SHAABEN, the eight moneth of the Arabian Kalen∣dar, containing 29 daies.
• SHEICH, Scechus, Scechus, or after the Spanish man∣ner of writing and pronuntiation, Xechus, and Xaichus: a title of honour attributed to none but men of desert. Sceci, saith Honiger, sunt Reguli, qui regiones & vrbes insig∣niores, circa oram praesertim, possident. Schech's are the kings lieutenants, which haue the gouernment of count••••e•• and chiefe cities, especially those which are vpon the sea coast. Another saith, that it is a title giuen alwaies to the eldest of the kings sonnes. This I dare not for truth affi••me: sit fides penes authores. This is certaine, that the first of this ••a∣mily that now reigneth in Barbary was stiled, Muley Mo∣hammed Sheich. The word signifieth as much as Senex, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, old, ancient.
• SHERIF, Sharif, Scharifius, or as the Spaniards do write it, Xerif, Xerifius, Xarifius. It was the name of the great-grandfather, as I take it, of Muley Seedan that now reigneth in Fesse and Marocco, who by his wealth and wisedome did aduance his family vnto the height and dignity of kings. Hereupon, i•• I be not deceiued, it hath bene euer since taken for an honourable title, and, as farre as I remember, attributed to none but such as are descen∣ded frō the kings stocke. The word signifieth Noble, ho∣nourable, illustrissimus•• Seriphus, or Seriphes, saith the hi••••o∣rian, hoc est, Nobilis. A noble man, or a Lord. Item, Leo A∣fricanus doth often stile a great man, whose company be did much frequent, Seriphus Princeps. Item, Summae digni∣tatis vir Seriphes appellatur. Quae dignitas ea apud illos est, vt Califa mortuo, Seriphes succedat. A man of great honour is called Seriphes: which honour amongst them is that, that

• when the Calif is dead, the Seriph must succeed: so that it should seeme to be as much to them, as the Heire appa∣rant: the Dolphin, they call him in France: the Infanta, in Spaine. Yet whether this ••e true or not, I dare not a∣uouch.
• SHEWAL, the tenth moneth of the Arabian Kalendar, containing but 29 daies.
• SVLTAN, Soultan, Souldan, Sultanus, and with the arti∣cle Assultan, the name of supreme honor amongst the A∣rabians, and seemeth to bee as much as Imperator was a∣mongst the Romans, or 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, omnium augustissi∣mus, was to the Greeks. For thus they now call the G••eat Turke, Sultan de Stamboli, The Souldan of Stamboli. It is more thē Melic, that is King. The first, as I thinke, that did assume this title, was the Generall and leader of the Sara∣cens or Arabians which conquered Egypt, and the coun∣tries neare adioyning, whose successours afterward were called Soultans of Babylon. Salinus (fortè Sal••dinus) AE∣gypti imperium adeptus, edixit vt Calyfae AEgypti vocarentur Sultani, quae vox summum Principem & regum regem signifi∣cat. Item infrà, AEgypti pontifex Sultanus appellatur, hoc est, summus imperator, siue regum rex. Saladinus hauing obtai∣ned the Empire of Egypt, commanded by Proclamation, That the Chalifs of Egypt should euer after that be called Souldans: which word doth signifie, The cheefe Prince, or King of kings. Item, The Byshop of Egypt is called the Souldan, that is, the great Emperor, or King of kings. The word is the same in nature and signification, that the He∣brew Shilton is, which in Daniel signifieth 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, po∣testatem, a soueraigne power or command.
• A SVLTANEE is a peece of gold of the value of 7^s.6.^d. It hath the denomination of the former word Sultan, and signifieth as much as Regalis, a royall, the kings coine.

T

• A TALBY, is amongst the Arabians of Barbary as much

• as a Scriuener or publike notary is with vs; For these one∣ly are authorized to draw writings betweene man and man, as bils of debt, contract, couenant, bargaine and sale, and such like, which they call bils of Shuhùds, that is, of witnesses. Of these kinde of writings I haue seene very many, and yet haue neuer seene any containing aboue fiue or sixe very short lines. This breuity sauoureth of the an∣cient simplicity of former ages, yea euen of the Lawyers of this our nation, as may appeare in all the deeds & con∣ueiances by them then drawne, and contriued, remai∣ning to be see••e at this day. Amongst those which I haue seene, I haue especially obserued two; The one was for a great house in Cheapside, abutting on the one side vpon Iremonger lane, purchased by the Earle of Lancaster of a Iew, in the time, as I remember, of Richard the first, with diuerse prouilos and reseruations of rent, &c. signed with the hands of the Maior, & diuerse of the Nobility & Al∣dermen: Besides the licence & approbation of the Prince of the Synagogue of the Iewes, written in Ebrew in a strange exoticke character; All contriued into a peece of parchment, not any whit bigger then an ordinary single obligation. The other was all in Ebrew, betweene two Iewes, for an house in Col••chester, in the time of K. Iohn, containing but sixe very short lines. This I translated for the office of the Records in the Towre well neare thirtie yeares since: There as I am informed it is still to be seene.
• TARICH, Terich, is the same that Epocha is to the Greeks: or AEra, to the Latines: The Astronomers, fol∣lowing the interpretors of the Arabian writers, do call it Radix, whereby they vnderstand some set and certaine time beginning at some memorable action, (as the Crea∣tion, the Flood, the Birth of Christ) from which they ac∣count and reckon backward or forward all other times and actions whatsoeuer.
• TARIFA, signifieth the end, outside, or outmost bound of any thing. Hereupon many places in Arabia, and in

• places where the Arabian colonies haue bene seated, do take their name. In Spaine the city which was anciently called Carteia, in the outmost skirts of Andalusia, is now called Tarifa. Carteia in Hispania ad Calpe promontorium sita, post dicta est Tarifa. Carteia, a city in Spaine, situate vp∣on the forelād called Calpe, was afterward named Tarifa. Item.
• GIBEL Tarif. Calpes promentorium, saith mine Author, à Tarife duce dicta est Gibel Tarif, hoc est, mons Tarifius est ap∣pellatus, & nunc Gibel terra nuncupatur. There is also a foun∣taine or spring neare vnto this place which is called of the Geographers Fons Tarifius. The historian was deceiued. For these places were not so named of Tarif, a Captaine: but of their position and situation, as I haue said. For so that foreland or promontory in Cornwall, which we call The Lands end, the Arabian Geographer calleth Tarfi'l∣garbi mina' lgezira, the West bound of the Iland.
• TVRGMAN, Trudgman, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, in the latter Greeke writers, signifieth, an interpretor; deriued from the Ebrew Thirgem, which signifieth to interpret or expound out of one language into another. Frō whence also Thargum, or Targum, a translation, an interpretation, hath the denomination.

V

• VASTAT, a city of Egypt, one of the foure, which as Mohammed doth feigne did come out of hell into this world. De Doctrin. Moham. pag. 196. See Elmeden.
• VELEZ, see Beled.
• VELEZ Malaga, is a prouince in Spaine, which I take to be the city and territories of Malaca: see Monardus.

W

• WADI, see Guadi.

X

• XAICHVS, see Scheich,
• ...

• XARIFIVS•• see Sherif.
• X••CHVS•• see Sheich.
• XERIFIVS, Xerif, see Sherif.

Z

• ZIBELTAR, see Gibel.
• ZENITH, saith Christmannus, &c.