A booke of the arte and maner, howe to plant and graffe all sortes of trees howe to set stones, and sowe pepines to make wylde trees to graffe on, as also remedies and mediicnes [sic]. VVith diuers other newe practise, by one of the Abbey of Saint Vincent in Fraunce, practised with his owne handes, deuided into seauen chapters, as hereafter more plainely shall appeare, with an addition in the ende of this booke, of certaine Dutch practises, set forth and Englished, by Leonard Mascall.
- Title
- A booke of the arte and maner, howe to plant and graffe all sortes of trees howe to set stones, and sowe pepines to make wylde trees to graffe on, as also remedies and mediicnes [sic]. VVith diuers other newe practise, by one of the Abbey of Saint Vincent in Fraunce, practised with his owne handes, deuided into seauen chapters, as hereafter more plainely shall appeare, with an addition in the ende of this booke, of certaine Dutch practises, set forth and Englished, by Leonard Mascall.
- Author
- Mascall, Leonard, d. 1589.
- Publication
- Imprinted at London :: By Henrie Denham, for Iohn Wight,
- [1572]
- Rights/Permissions
-
To the extent possible under law, the Text Creation Partnership has waived all copyright and related or neighboring rights to this keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above, according to the terms of the CC0 1.0 Public Domain Dedication (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/). This waiver does not extend to any page images or other supplementary files associated with this work, which may be protected by copyright or other license restrictions. Please go to http://www.textcreationpartnership.org/ for more information.
- Subject terms
- Grafting -- Early works to 1800.
- Fruit-culture -- Early works to 1800.
- Gardening -- Early works to 1800.
- Link to this Item
-
https://name.umdl.umich.edu/A07168.0001.001
- Cite this Item
-
"A booke of the arte and maner, howe to plant and graffe all sortes of trees howe to set stones, and sowe pepines to make wylde trees to graffe on, as also remedies and mediicnes [sic]. VVith diuers other newe practise, by one of the Abbey of Saint Vincent in Fraunce, practised with his owne handes, deuided into seauen chapters, as hereafter more plainely shall appeare, with an addition in the ende of this booke, of certaine Dutch practises, set forth and Englished, by Leonard Mascall." In the digital collection Early English Books Online. https://name.umdl.umich.edu/A07168.0001.001. University of Michigan Library Digital Collections. Accessed June 14, 2025.
Contents
- title page
- The booke vnto the Reader.
- To the right honorable and my very good Lorde, Syr Iohn Pawlet Knight, Lorde S. Iohn, Leonarde Mascall wisheth prosperous health, with conti∣nuall encrease of honour.
- To the Reader.
- The Table of all the principall thinges contayned in this booke, which ye shall hereafter finde by number & leafe.
- An Exhortation to the Planter and Graffer.
- illustration
-
¶The Arte of Planting and graffing.
-
The first Chapter. ¶This chapter treateth of the setting of Curnels, yong Plum trees and Peare trees, of Damsons and Seruice trees.
- Another way howe one may take the Pepins at the first comming of the licour or pressing.
- How one ought to vse his earth to sowe Pepins without dunging.
- How ye ought to take heede of pultrie for scraping of your beddes or quarters.
- How to weede or cleanse your beddes and quarters.
- How one ought to plucke vp the wilde cions.
-
The seconde Chapter treateth howe one shall set againe the small wilde trees, which come of Pepins, when they be first pluckt vp.
- How to dung your bastard or wilde young trees which come of Pepins.
- How ye ought in replanting or setting to cut of in the middes the principall great rootes.
- ¶Howe ye ought to set your trees in ranke.
- ¶How to make the space from one ranke to another.
- ¶How to water plantes when they waxe drie.
- ¶How one ought to remoue trees, and to plant them againe.
- ¶VVhen the best time is to replant or remooue.
- ¶Of negligence and forgetfulnesse.
- It is not so conuenient to graffe the Seruice tree, as to set him.
- Some trees without graffing bring foorth good fruite, and some other being graffed be better to make Syder of.
- When you list to augment and multiplie your trees.
- Of the manor and chaunging of the fruite of the Pepin tree.
- How one ought to make good Syder.
- To make an Orchard in fewe yeares.
-
The thirde Chapter is of setting trees of Nuttes.
- ¶How one ought to set trees which come of Nuttes.
- ¶Of the time when ye ought to plant or set them.
- For to set them in the Spring time.
- Of the donging and deepe digging thereof.
- Of nuttes and stones like to the trees they came of.
- Of the planting the sayde nuttes in good earth and in the Sunne.
- Why frute shall not haue so good sauour.
- ¶To set the pine tree.
- ¶For to set Cherry trees.
- ¶Trees of bastard and wilde Nuttes.
- ¶How to set Filberdes or Hasell trees.
- ¶To set Damsons or Plum trees.
- ¶To take plum graffes, and to graffe them on other plum trees.
- ¶To set all sortes of Cheries.
- ¶The maner how one may order both plum trees, and cherry trees.
- How to graffe Plum trees and Cherry trees.
- How ye must proyne, or cut your trees.
- The conuenientest way to clense and proyne, or dresse the rootes of trees.
- When the stocke is greater than the graffes.
- The remedie when any bough or member of a tree is broken.
- ¶When a member or bough is not broken, how ro proyne them.
- How one ought to enlarge the hole about the tree rootes.
- How to set small staues by to strengthen your cyons.
- In taking vp trees note.
- ¶How to couche the rootes when they are proyned.
- ¶What trees to proyne.
- ¶Why the sowre cherry dureth not so long as the healmier or great cherry.
- To graffe one great Cherie vpon another.
- ¶Of deepe setting or shalow,
-
The fourth Chapter doth shewe howe to set other trees which come of wilde cyons prick∣ked in the earth without rootes: and also of proyning the meaner cyons.
- Trees taking roote prickt of braunches.
- ¶How one ought to set them.
- How to binde them that be weake.
- How one ought to digge the earth for to set them in.
- Of Cions without rootes.
- To plant the Figge tree.
- How to set Quinces.
- The way to set Mulberies.
- Note of the same.
- The time meete to cut cions.
- To set bush trees, as Goose bearies, or small Reysons,
-
The fift Chapter treateth of foure maner of Graffings.
- The first way to graffe all sortes of trees.
- How to graffe Apple trees, Peare trees, Quince trees, and Medler trees.
- The graffing of great Cherries.
- To graffe Medlers.
- Of diuers kindes of Graffes.
- Of the Graffing the Figge.
- Of the great Abricotes.
- Of the Seruice tree.
- The setting of Seruices.
- Trees which be very harde to be graffed in the shielde or stutchion.
- How a man ought to consider those trees, which be commonly charged with fruite.
- Of trees where on to choose your graffes.
- Those Cions towarde the East are best.
- To choose your tree for graffes.
- How to keepe graffes along time.
- How to keepe graffes before they are budded.
- How one ought to beginne to graffe.
- When it is good graffing the wilde stockes.
- Marke if the tree be forwarde or not.
- When one will graffe, what necessaries he ought to be furnished withall.
- ¶Of graffes not prospering the first yere.
- ¶For to graffe well and sounde.
- ¶How to trim your graffes.
- How to cut graffes for Cherries and Plummes.
- Note also.
- Howe in graffing to take heede that the barke doe not ryse.
- ¶How to cut your stocke▪
- ¶If the wilde stocke be great and slender.
- ¶Trees as great as ones arme.
- ¶Great trees as bigge as your legge.
- ¶When the graffes be pinched wyth the stocke.
- ¶Howe ye ought to cleaue your stockes.
- ¶Howe to graffe the braunche of great trees.
- ¶Howe to cut brauches olde and great.
- ¶How ye ought to byride your graffes throughout for feare of wyndes.
- ¶To set many graffes in one cleft.
- ¶Howe to sawe your stocke, before ye leaue hym.
- ¶If the stocke cleaue to much or the barke do open.
- ¶How graffes neuer lightly take.
- ¶How to set the graffes right in the cleft.
- ¶Of setting in the graffes.
- ¶Note also.
- ¶How ye ought to drawe out your wedge.
- ¶To couer your cleftes on the heade.
- ¶How ye ought to see to the bynding of your graftes.
- ¶How ye ought to temper your clay.
- ¶To bushe your graffe heades.
- ¶The second way to graffe hie braunches on trees.
- The thirde maner of graffing, is of graffes which may be set betwixt the barke and the tree.
- Howe to dresse the heade, to place the graffes betwixt the barke and the tree.
- Howe to couer the heade of your stocke.
- Of the maner and graffing in the shielde or scutchion.
- For to graffe in Sommer so long as the trees be full leaued.
- The big Cions are best to graffe.
- ¶How to take of the shield fro the wood.
- ¶To knowe your scutchion or shielde, when he is good or badde.
- ¶Of yong trees to graffe on.
- ¶How to set or place your shielde,
- ¶Note also.
-
¶How to lift vp the ba
ke, and to set your shielde on. - ¶How to binde on your shield.
- ¶On one tree ye may graffe or put two or three shieldes.
- ¶The time to vnbinde your shielde.
- ¶Howe to cut and gouerne the braunches graffed on the trees.
-
The .vj. Chapter is of transplanting or altering of trees.
- ¶The sooner ye transplant or set them, it shall be the better.
- To plant or set towardes the South, or Sunny place, is best.
- Howe to cut the braunches of trees before they be set.
- Apple trees commonly must be disbraunched before they be replanted or set.
- All wylde stockes must be disbraunched, when they are replanted or set.
- What trees loue the fayre Sunne and what trees the colde ayre.
- Of many sortes and maners of trees, following their nature.
- ¶How to plant or set trees at large.
- Ordering your trees.
- Howe ye ought to enlarge the holes for your trees, when ye plant them.
- Of dung and good earth, for your plantes and trees.
- If ye haue wormes amongest the earth of your rootes.
- To digge well the earth about the tree rootes.
- The nature of places.
- Of good earth.
- With what ye ought to binde your trees.
-
The seuenth Chapter is of medecining and keeping the trees when they are planted.
- The first councell is, when your trees be but plantes (in drie weather) they must be watred.
- With what dung ye ought to dung your trees.
- When ye ought to vncouer your trees in Sommer.
- when ye ought to cut or proyne your trees.
- Howe to cut your great braunches, and when.
- ¶Howe ye ought to leaue these greae braunches cut.
- ¶Of trees hauing great braunches:
- ¶Of barrennesse of trees, the time of cutting yll braunches, and of vncouering the rootes.
- ¶Trees the which ye must help or pluck vp the rootes.
- ¶What doth make a good Nutte.
- ¶Trees eaten wyth beastes, must be graffed agayne.
- How your wylde stocke ought not hastily to be remoued.
- ¶when ye cut of the naughtie Cions from the wood.
- ¶Howe sometimes to cut the principall members.
- ¶Howe to guide and gouerne the sayde trees.
- A kinde of sicknesse in trees.
- Trees which haue wormes in the barke▪
- Snayles, Antes and wormes doth marre trees.
- ¶Howe ye ought to take the sayde wormes.
- ¶To keepe antes from yong trees.
- ¶A note in spring tyme of Fumigations.
- To defend the Caterpiller.
-
The first Chapter. ¶This chapter treateth of the setting of Curnels, yong Plum trees and Peare trees, of Damsons and Seruice trees.
-
- ¶To graffe one Vyne vpon another.
- ¶If a tree be to long without fruite.
- For to haue Peaches two monethes before other.
- To haue Damsons or other Plums, vnto Alhallowtide.
- To make Medlars, Cherryes and Peaches in eatyng to taste lyke spyce.
- To make a Muscadell taste.
- ¶To set Apples and Peares, to come without blossoming.
- ¶To haue Apples and Chestnutes rathe, and also long on the trees.
- ¶To haue good Cherries on the trees, at Alhallontide.
- To haue rath Medlars two Monethes before others.
- For to haue rathe or timely Peares.
- To haue Misples or Medlers without stones.
- To haue Peares bytimes.
- To haue ripe or franke Mulberyes very sone and late.
- To keepe Peares a yeare.
- To haue your fruite taste halfe apples, halfe peares.
- The dayes to Plant and Graffe.
- Te haue greene Roses all the yeare.
- To keepe Reysins or Grapes good a yeare.
- To make fruite laxatiue from the tree.
- A note for all Graffers and Planters.
-
- ¶To graffe one Vine on another.
- ¶Chosen dayes to graffe in, and to choose your cions.
- ¶To gather your cions.
- Of wormes in trees or fruite.
- The setting of Stones, and ordering thereof.
- To gather Gumme of any tree,
- To set a whole Apple.
- Of setting the Almonde.
- Of Pepines watered.
- To plant or set Vines.
- To set or plant the Cherry.
- To keepe Cherries good a yeare.
- Against Pismiars.
- The setting of Chestnuttes.
- To haue all stone fruit tast, as ye shall thinke good.
- Of graffing the Medlar and Misple.
- Of the Figge tree.
- Of the Mulbery tree.
- Of trees that beare bitter fruite.
- To helpe barren trees.
- Another way.
- To keepe your fruit.
- The Mulbery tree.
- Of Mosse on the tree.
- To keepe Nuttes long.
- To cut the Peache tree.
- To colour Peach stones.
- If Peache trees be troubled with wormes.
- To haue the Peach without stones.
- Another way for the same.
- If trees doe not prosper.
- How to graffe Apples to last on the tree till Alhallowtyde.
- To make Cherries and Peaches smell, and taste like spyce.
- To graffe an Apple which shall be halfe sweete, and halfe sowre.
- To graffe a Rose on the Holly.
- Of keeping of Plums.
- Of altering of Peares, or stony fruite.
- The making of Cyder and Pyrry.
- To helpe frosen Apples.
- To make Apples fall from the tree.
- To water trees in Sommer, if they waxe dry about the roote.
- To cherrish Apple trees.
- To make an Apple growe in a Glasse.
- part
- To graffe many sortes of Apples on one tree.
- To colour Apples.
- The setting of Vyne plantes.
- How to proyne or cut a Vyne in Winter.
- Of the Vyne and Grape.
- To haue grapes without stones.
- To make your Vine to bring a grape to taste like Claret.
- Of gathering your grapes.
- To knowe if your Grape be ripe ynough.
- To prooue or taste Wine.
- Here followeth the best tymes howe to order, or chose, and to set or plant Hoppes.
- To choose your Hoppe.
- To sow the seedes.
- ¶The setting your poles.
- ¶How to proyne the tree.
- ¶To gather the Hop.
- ¶What Poles are best.
- ¶How to order and dresse your hylles.
- ¶Of grounde best for your Hop.
- A note of the reast abouesayde.
- ¶Howe to packe your Hoppes,
- Here foloweth a necessary table (by Al∣phabete) to finde out quickly all seuerall particulars in thys booke afore mentioned, by the numbers in this table, seeking the lyke number on the pagine or leafe.