A relation of Maryland together, vvith a map of the countrey, the conditions of plantation, his Majesties charter to the Lord Baltemore, translated into English.

CHAP. VII.

Instructions and advertisements, for such as shall intend to goe, or send, to plant in Maryland.

THis Countrey of Maryland, lieth from England to the Southwest, about 1200 leagues by Sea: the voyage is sometimes performed thither in 5 or 6 weekes, but or∣dinarily it is two moneths voy∣age, and oftner within that time then beyond it. The returne from thence to England, is or∣dinarily made in a moneth, and seldome ex∣ceeds sixe weekes.

The best time of the yeere for going thither, is to be there by Michaelmas, or at furthest by Christmas, for he that comes by that time shall have time enough to build him a house, and to prepare ground sufficient to plant in the spring following. But there is conveniency of passage thither in most moneths of the yeere; and any one that will send unto M^r. Peasleys, or Master Morgans house, may there be informed of the certaine time when any of his Lordships com∣pany is to goe away, and so save the charge of unnecessary attendance here in London.

A particular of such necessary provisions as eve∣ry Adventurer must carry, according to the number of his servants: together with an estimate of their prices.

In Victualls.

For one man, for a yeere,

	l.	s	d
Imprimis, eight bushells of meale	2	8	0
Item, two bushellls of Oatmeale	0	9	0
Item, one bushell of Pease	0	4	0
Item, one gallon of Oyle	0	3	6
Item, two gallons of Vinegar	0	2	0
Item, one gallon of Aquavitae	0	2	6
Item, one bushell of Bay-salt	0	2	0
Item, in Sugar, Spice and Fruit	0	6	8
Summ.	3	17	8

In Apparrell.

For one man,

	l	s	d
Item, two Munm••th caps or hats	0	4	0
Item, three falling Bands	0	1	3

Item, three shirts	0	7	6
Item, one Wastc••••••e	0	2	2
Item, one suite of Canvas	0	7	6
Item, one suite of Frize	0	10	0
Item, one suite of Cloth	0	16	0
Item, one course cloth, or frize coate	0	15	0
Item, three paire of stockings	0	4	0
Item, sixe paire of shooes	0	13	0
Item, Inkle for garters	0	0	2
Item, one dozen of points	0	0	3
Summ.	4	0	10

In Bedding.

For two men.

	l	s	d
Item, two paire of Canvas sheets	0	16	0
Item, seven ells of Canvas to make a bed and boulster to be fill'd in the country	0	8	0
Item, one Rugg for a bed	0	8	0
Item, five ells of course Canvas to make a bed at Sea, to bee fill'd with straw	0	4	0
Item, one course Rugg at Sea	0	6	0
Su〈…〉〈…〉.	2	2	0
whereof one mans part is,	1	••	0

In Armes.

For one man,

	l	••	d
Item, one musket	1	0	0
Item, 10 pound of Powder	0	11	0
Item, 40 pound of Lead, Bullets, Pistoll and Goose shot, of each sort some.	0	4	0
Item, one sword,	0	5	0
Item, one belt	0	1	0
Item, one bandeleere and flaske	0	2	0
Item, in Match	0	2	6
Summ.	2	5	6

In Tooles.

For five persons, and so after the rate for more or lesse.

	l	s	d
Item, 5 broad Howes, at 2s. a piece	0	10	0
Item, 5 narrow Howes, at 16d. a piece	0	6	8
Item, 2 broad Axes▪ at 3s. 8d. a piece	0	7	4
Item, 5 felling Axes, at 1s. 6d. a piece	0	7	6
Item, 2 steele Hand sawes, at 1s. 4d.	0	2	8
Item, 2 Two-handsawes at 5s.	0	10	0
Item, a Whip-saw set and filed, with boxe, file and wre••	0	10	0
Item, 2 Hammers, at 12d.	0	2	0
Item, 3 Shovells, at 1s. 6d.	0	4	6

Item, 3 Spades, at 1s. 6d.	0	4	6
Item, 2 Awgurs▪ at 6d.	0	1	0
Item, 6 Chissells, at 6d.	0	3	0
Item, 2 Piercers stocked, at 4d.	0	0	8
Item, 3 Gimlets, at 2d.	0	0	6
Item, 2 Hatchets, at 1s. 9d.	0	3	6
Item, 2 Frowes to cleave Pales, at 1s. 6d.	0	3	0
Item, 2 Hand-bills, at 1s. 8d.	0	3	4
Item, one Grindstone	0	4	0
Item, Nailes of all sorts	2	0	0
Item, 2 Pickaxes, at 2s. 6d.	0	3	0
Summ.	6	7	2
whereof one mans part is	1	5	8

Houshold Implements.

For 6 persons, and so after the rate, for more

	l	s	d
Item, one Iron pot	0	7	0
Item, one Iron kettle	0	6	0
Item, one large Frying-pan	0	2	6
Item, one Gridiron	0	1	6
Item, two Skillets	0	5	0
Item, one Spit	0	2	0
Item, Platters, Dishes, and spoones of wood	0	4	0
Summ.	1	8	0
whereof one mans part is,	0	4	8

An estimate of the whole charge of transporting one seruant, and providing him of all necessa∣ries for one yeere.

	l.	s.	d.
Inprimis, In Victualls	3	17	8
Item, In apparell	4	0	10
Item, In bedding	1	1	0
Item, In Armes	2	5	6
Item, In tooles	1	5	8
Item, In houshold Im∣plements	0	4	8
Item, Caske to put his goods in	0	10	0
Item, fraight for his goods at halfe a tunne	1	10	0
Item, For his Victuall, and passage by Sea	6	0	0
	20.	15.	4

Of which charge, the Aduenturer having the greatest part of it in provision & goods; in case any seruant die by the way, or shortly after his comming thither, the goods of that seruant being sold in the Countrey, will returne all his charge againe, with aduantage.

A Computation of a seruants labour, and the profit that may arise by it, by instance in some particulars, which may be put in pra∣ctise the first yeere.

	l.	s.	d.
One man may at the season plant so much corne, as ordinarily yeelds of Wheate 100. bush∣els, worth upon the place, at Two shillings a Bushell.	10	0	0
Of Beanes and Pease, 20. bush∣els, worth at three shillings a bushell.	3	0	0
The same man will plant of To∣bacco, betweene 800. and a 1000. weight, which at the lowest rate, at two pound 10. shil. the hundred, is worth,	20	0	0
The same man may within the same yere, in the winter, make 4000. of Pipe-staves, worth upon the place foure pound the thousand.	16	0	0
49.	00		00.

Beside all their other labours in building, fen∣cing, clearing of ground, raising of Cattell, gardening, &c.

If a mans labour be imployed in Hempe and Flaxe, it will yeeld him as much profit, as Tobacco at this rate; and so in many other Commodities, whereof this Countrey is ca∣pable.

No man neede to doubt of the vent of these Commodities, for Merchants send shipping to those parts, who will buy off these Commodi∣ties at the aforesaid rates, in as great a quanti∣tie, as they shalbe able to make ready for them; because they yeeld a great encrease of profit in other Countreys, which the Planters them∣selues may make aduantage of to themselues, if they have shipping, and thinke fit to deale in such a kind of trade. As for instance, a 1000. of Pipe-staves, which are rated upon the place at foure pound, being carried to the Ca∣naries, will yeeld 15. or 20. l. Where likewise, and at the Westerne Islands, the Indian Corne will yeeld a great increase of benefit. The bene∣fit also which may be raised by trade out of Swine onely, may easily be conceived to be ve∣ry great, seeing they multiplie exceedingly, aske little tendance, and lesse charge of kee∣ping in that Countrey, so abounding with Mast, Chestnuts, &c. For Porke being trans∣ported into Spaine, or the Westerne Ilands will yeeld about 6. pence a pound, and Bacon, 8. pence. or 9. pence.

A note for the Aduenturers memory, of such things as hee may (if he please) carry with him, either for his owne better accommoda∣tion (on Ship-board, or for some time after his arrivall in Maryland) or for trade, ac∣cording to his abilitie.

Provision for Ship-board.

FIne Wheate-flower, close and well packed, to make puddings, &c. Clarret-wine burnt. Canary Sacke. Conserues, Marma∣lades, Suckets, and Spices. Sallet Oyle. Prunes to stew. Live Poultry. Rice, Butter, Holland-cheese, or old Cheshire, gammons of Bacon, Porke, dried Neates-tongues▪ Beefe packed up in Vineger, some Weather-sheepe, meats baked in earthen potts, Leggs of Mut∣ton minced, and stewed, and close packed up in tried Sewet, or Butter, in earthen pots: Iuyce of Limons, &c.

Provision for trade in Ʋirginia, or Maryland.

If he be minded to furnish himselfe with

Cattell in Virginia, his best way is to carry a superfluitie of wollen, or linnen cloth, callicoes, sayes, hatts, shooes, stockings, and all sorts of clothing; of Wine, Sugar, Prunes, Rasins, Currance, Honey, Spice, and Grocery wares, with which hee may procure himselfe cattell there, according to the stocke he dealeth with∣all. About 4. or 5. Pound laid out heere in commodities▪, will there buy a Cow; and be∣tweene 20. and 30. shillings, a breeding Sow. The like Commodities will furnish him either there, or in Maryland, with Hogges, Poultry, and Corne. Hee may doe well also to carry a superfluity of Knives, Combes, and Bracelets, to trade with the women Natives; and some Hatchets, Howes, and Axes, to trade with the men for Venison, Fish, Turkies, Corne, Fawnes to store a Parke, &c.

Provision for his House.

Iron, and Locks, and Hinges, and bolts; &c. Mustard-seede, Glasse and Leade for his win∣dowes, Mault for beere, a Hogshead of Beefe or Porke: Two or three Firkins of Butter, a hundred or two of old Cheeses; a gallon of ho∣ney, Soape and Candles, Iron wedges, Pookes for Rennet to make cheese: a good Mastiffe, &c.

Provision for Husbandry.

Seede Wheate, Rie, Barley, and Oates (the best way to preserue it from heating at sea, is to carry it in the eare) Kernells of Peares and Apples (especially of Pepins, Pearemaines, and Dusons) for the making hereafter of Cider, and Perry; the stones and seedes of all those fruits and rootes, and herbes, which he desireth to have. Good store of claver grasse seede, to make good meadow.

Provision for Fishing and Fowling.

Inprimis, necessaries for a boate of 3. or 4. Tunne; as Spikes, Nayles, Pitch, Tarre, O∣come, Canuis for a sayle, Ropes, Anchor, Iron for the Ruther: Fishing-lines for Cod and Ma∣crills, &c. Cod-hookes, and Macrill-hookes, a Seane or Basse-net, Herring-netts, Leade, Fowling-pieces of sixe foote; Powder and Shott, and Flint Stones; a good Water-Spaniell, &c.

A direction for choice of seruants.

IN the taking of servants, he may doe well to furnish himselfe with as many as he can, of usefull and necessary Arts: A Carpenter, of all others the most necessary; A Mill-wright, Ship-wright, Boate-wright, Wheele-wright, Brick-maker, Brick-layer, Potter; one that can cleave Lath and Pale, and make Pipe-slaves, &c. A Ioyner, Cooper, Turner, Sawyer, Smith, Cutler, Leather-dresser, Miller, Fisherman, and Gardiner. These will be of most use; but any lusty young able man, that is willing to la∣bour and take paines, although he have no par∣ticular trade, will be beneficiall enough to his Master.

And in case any Adventurer shall be unpro∣vided of such men to supply his number, hee may have directions at the place where these bookes are to bee had, how and where hee may provide himselfe of as many as hee please.

The forme of binding a servant.

This Indenture made the _____ _____ day of _____ _____ in the _____ _____ day of _____ _____ yeere of our Soveraigne Lord King Charles, &c. betweene _____ _____ day of _____ _____ of the one party, and _____ _____ day of _____ _____ on the other party, Witnesseth, that the said _____ _____ doth hereby covenant promise, and grant, to and with the said _____ _____ his Executors and Assignes, to serve him from the day of the date hereof, ••••till his first and next arrivall in Maryland; and after for and during the tearme of _____ _____ yeeres, in such service and imployment, as he the said _____ _____ or his assignes shall there im∣ploy him, according to the custome of the Countrey in the like kind. In consideration whereof, the said _____ _____ doth promise and grant, to and with the said _____ _____ to pay for his passing, and to find him with Meat, Drinke, Apparell and Lodg∣ing, with other necessaries during the said terme; and at the end of the said terme, to give him one whole yeeres provision of Corne, and fifty acres of Land, according to the order of the countrey. In witnesse whereof, the said _____ _____ hath hereunto put his hand and seale, the day and yeere above written.

Sealed and delivered in the presence of H _____ _____

The usuall terme of binding a servant, is for five yeers; but for any artificer, or one that shall deserve more then ordinary, the Adventurer shall doe well to shorten that time, and adde encouragements of another nature (as he shall see cause) rather then to want such usefull men.

A Forme of a Bill of Lading, to be taken from the Master of the Sip, by every Aduenterer, for the better securing of the transportati∣on of his goods.

SHipped by the grace of God in good order, and well conditioned by _____ _____ in and upon the good Ship, called the _____ _____ whereof is master, un∣der God, for this present voyage _____ _____ and now riding at anker in the _____ _____ and by Gods grace, bound for _____ _____ to say being marked and numbred, as in the margent, and are to be delivered in the like good order and well conditioned, at the Port of Saint Maries, in Ma∣ryland (the danger of the Seas onely excepted) vn∣to _____ _____ or to assignes, paying fraught for

the said goods with primage and avarage accustomed. In wit∣nesse whereof, the Master or Purser of the said ship hath affirmed to three Bills of Lading, all of this tenor and date, the one of which three bills being accomplished, the other two to stand void. And so God send the good Ship to her desired Port in safe∣ty. Amen. Dated in _____ _____

There is order taken for convenient houses to be set up at Saint Maries, where all strangers may at their first comming bee entertained, with lodging and other fitting accommodati∣ons, for themselves and their goods, till they can better provide for themselves.

The names of the Gentlemen adventurers that are gone in person to this Plantation.

M^r.

• ...
  his Lordships brothers.
  • Leonard Calvert, the governor
  • George Calvert.
• ...
  Commissioners.
  • Ierome Hawley. Esq
  • Thomas Cornewallis. Esq
• Richard Gerard, son to Sir Thomas Gerard Knight and Baronet.
• ...
  sonnes of the Lady Anne Wintour.
  • Edward Wintour.
  • Freder: Wintour.
• Henry Wiseman, son to Sir Thomas Wiseman Knight.
• Iohn Saunders.
• Edward Cranfield.
• Henry Greene.
• Nicholas Ferfax.
• Iohn Baxter.
• Thomas Dorrell.
• Captaine Iohn Hill.
• Iohn Medcalfe.
• William Saire.