The Roman historie containing such acts and occurrents as passed under Constantius, Iulianus, Iovianus, Valentinianus, and Valens, emperours. Digested into 18. bookes, the remains of 31. and written first in Latine by Ammianus Marcellinus: now translated newly into English. Wherunto is annexed the chronologie, serving in stead of a briefe supplement of those former 13. bookes, which by the iniurie of time are lost: together with compendious annotations and coniectures upon such hard places as occurre in the said historie. Done by Philemon Holland of the citie of Coventrie, Doctor in Physicke.

THE XV. BOOKE. (Book 15)

CHAP. 1. Constantius upon the execution of Gallus, become more fierce and outra∣geous, and by the wilie and subtile devises of sycophants in the Court undone and overthrowne, goeth about to kill Vrsicinus, Iulianus, and Gorgonius, men of espe∣ciall Nobilitie.

THus farre forth, according as wee could search out the truth, and what we might not for our yeares see our selves, learne in some sort, though obscurely, by enquiring of such as were conversant in place, have we reported, declaring the order and processe of divers occurrents: the rest, which the text ensuing shall lay abroad, wee will to our abilitie performe and perfit more exactly, not fearing at all the back-biters and depravers of this so long a worke, as they hold it. For brevitie is then commendable, when cutting off impertinent and unseasonable delaies, it defalketh nothing from the knowledge of necessarie and materiall points. Gallus was not yet at Noricum, de∣vested out of his royall robes, when Apodemius, the very firebrand and kindler of all broyles so long as he lived, caught up his shooes, and carying them away, riding post with quicke change of horses, that through excessive enforcement he might spoyle and kill some, came to Millaine, as a fore runner to tell the newes: and bee∣ing entred into the palace, threw them downe at Constantius his feet, as if they had been the king of the Parthians spoyles. And when suddain tidings were brought, giving intelligence of this unexpected businesse, and of so great weight and diffi∣cultie, with such facilitie fully performed to his mind; those that bare the greatest sway in the Court employing all their studie and desire of pleasing, as the manner is, to flatterie, extolled the vertue and felicitie of the Emperour up to the skie: at whose becke two princes, namely, Veteranio and Gallus, although at divers times were in manner of common souldiors, and no better, thus cassed. With the exqui∣site and fine affectation of which faire words, he being lifted up and supposing cō∣fidently, that from thenceforth he should be freed from all displeasures and harmes incident unto mortall men, forth with declined from justice so intemperately, that now and then he would not sticke to avouch and maintaine that same Eternitie so much spoken of; in enditing and writing with his owne hand, tearmed himselfe Lord of the whole world: which if other men had said, he for his part ought to have taken it in foule skorne and indignitie, as who laboured withall earnest ende∣vour,

as he gave it out, to frame his life, and compose his behaviour to the exam∣ple and patterne of civile princes. For, say that he did rule those infinite worlds of Democritus his making, which by the inciting of Anaxarchus, Alexander the great dreamed of, he should have considered this withall, by reading or hearing, that (as all the Mathematicians with one accord agree) the compasse of the whole earth, which unto us seemeth unmeasurable, compared to the greatnesse of the univer∣sall world, is no more than a little pricke. And now by this time, after the horrible fall of Caesar thus put to death, whiles the trumpet of judiciall dangers sounded the alarme, Vrsicinus was accused of high treason, for that envie, hurtfull to all good men, grew more and more to the prejudice of his life and estate. For, sur∣charged he was with this one difficultie, in that the Emperours eares, fast stopped for admitting any equall plea and reasonable defence, lay open to the secret sug∣gestions of close enemies, who devised, That the foresaid Generall, now that the name of Constantius became quite forgotten in all the tracts of the East, was much missed and wished for both at home and abroad, as the onely dreadfull enemie un∣to the Persian nation. But the magnanimous knight stood unmooveable against all accidents whatsoever, very heedfull and warie, that hee might not seeme over∣basely to cast himselfe downe in despaire: yet grieving & groning at the very heart, that innocencie had no sure place of safe repose; and in this one regard more hea∣vily appaied, for that his friends, who heretofore flocked about him, were revolted to the mightier side, much like unto officers and sergeants, that according to the custome, are wont to goe from their old masters to new magistrats their successors. Moreover, his colleague Arbetio, under a faire shew of counterfeit courtesie, and by calling him many times a valiant warriour (as hee was passing skilfull in laying traines for to entrap a man of plaine and simple conversation, and withall in those daies of great authoritie) proved his heavie friend, and set himselfe sore against him. For, like as a serpent under the ground, lying close hidden within his hole, and ob∣serving every one that passeth by, fiercely on a suddaine assaileth them: even so he, joyning his office also in warfare unto the power that he had to hurt, being neither harmed at any time, nor so much as provoked by him, polluted his conscience with an unsatiable will and purpose to doe mischiefe. Well, forced he is, making some few captaines privie to his secrets, closely to breake with the Emperour, and to re∣veale his mind. Agreed it had beene, that in the night following Vrsicinus caried violently away farre out of the sight of the souldiors, should be killed without any condemnation: even as in times past, by report, ^a Domitius Corbulo, a trustie and wise defendor of the provinces, was murthered in that troublous confusion that happened in Neroes daies. This plot thus layd, and the match set, when those that were appointed to doe the feat waited the time aforesaid, suddainely this counsell turned to be more mild, and commaundement was given to put off so wicked an act unto a second consultation. And so from him, the whole engine of forging calumniations, was turned upon Iulian, newly brought thither (a renowmed prince afterwards) and intangled within a two-fold crime, as the iniquitie and un∣justice of men deemed it: first, for that from Marcelli-Fundus, a place lying in Cappadocia, he had flitted into Asia, upon a desire he had to learne the liberall sci∣ences: and againe, because hee had seene his * 1.1 brother as hee passed by, through Constantinople. Who when he cleared himselfe of these imputations, and shew∣ed that he had done neither of these two things without warrant, yet at the urgent suit of a cursed crew of flatterers, he had died for it, but that by the gracious favour

of the heavenly power, Eusebia the * 1.2 Queene stood his friend, by whose meanes he was brought to the towne * 1.3 Comum, neere to Millain, and after he had abode there a little while, permitted to travaile into Greece according to his ardent desire, for to studie and apply his wit to learning. Neither wanted there henceforth matters arising out of these cases, which while they were to be punished by order of law, it would have displeased them to have had a good and fortunat issue: or else fell a∣way without effect as void and vaine. But it happened sometimes, that the rich seeking for succour at greater and mightier mens hands, and cleaving close unto them as yvie doth to tall trees, bought their discharge and deliverie at an exceeding high rate: whereas the poorer sort, who had small meanes or none at all to defend their lives, were condemned downe-right, without all order: and therefore both truth was disguised and masked with lies, and divers times also false and forged mat∣ters went currant for true. At the very same time was Gorgonius also brought in∣to question, he that had the charge of Caesars bed-chamber committed unto him: and when it appeared upon confession, that hee had beene a partie in those enter∣prises and designes of his, yea, and otherwhiles a setter and causer of them, yet through the complotting and practising of the guelded Eunuches, whiles justice was shadowed with lies finely framed, he wound himselfe out of danger, and went his wayes cleare.

CHAP. 11. Those that had taken part with Gallus, together with many innocent persons, are cruelly punished. Some that in taking their cups liberally had blurted out some foo∣lish words against Constantius, were therefore put to dolo∣rous torments, and kept in close prison.

WHiles matters thus passe at Millaine, brought there were to Aqui∣leia out of the East martiall men by whole troupes and companies, to∣gether with a number of * 1.4 Courtiers, their limmes readie to fall in sun∣der among their chaines, drawing with much adoe that little breath which remained, and in so manifold calamities and distresses detesting longer life. For charged they were to have beene Gallus his ministers and right hands, in all his outrages; and by them it was thought verily, that Domitian was mangled and torne in pieces; that Montius also, and others after them, were hastily brought to utter destruction. To the hearing of their cause was Arbora sent, and Eusebius, then chiefe Chamberlaine, both of them men given to inconsiderate craking and boa∣sting, unjust alike, and bloudily minded: who having no deepe insight into mat∣ters, without putting any difference betweene the innocent and the guiltie, con∣demned some, after scourging or other tortures endured, to live in banishment; o∣thers they thrust downe to the meanest place of warre-service, the rest they adjud∣ged to suffer death. Thus, when they had pestered the funerall places with dead bodies, they returned (as it were) in triumph, relating what worthie acts they had atchieved, unto the prince; who in these and such like matters was openly seene to persist stiffe, resolute, and rigorous. Hereupon and thence-forth Constantius min∣ding more violently (as one would say) to breake and fore-doe the prescript, order, and course of the destinies, discovering what was within his breast, lay exposed to the perillous conspiracies of many: whereby there suddainely shewed themselves a number that hunted and listened after rumors, gaping with greedie bit at the very

highest, and such as were in most honourable places: afterwards also at poore and rich indifferently, not licking in manner of hounds the tribunall of one only Lord Lieutenant, like unto those ^b Cybirate brethren that attended upon Verres, but af∣flicting and plaguing all parts of the whole Commonwealth, by reason of mis∣chiefes that still happened. Among whom Paulus and Mercurius were without all question the principall, the one a Persian, the other borne in * 1.5 Dacia; Paulus a No∣tarie, Mercurius a Minister * 1.6 belonging to the Auditors office. And verily this Paulus, as hath beene shewed before, had the by-name of Catena imposed upon him, for that he was so cunning in framing and knitting malicious accusations to∣gether, that they could not be undone; sowing pestilent poysons, and sundry waies doing mischiefe, like as some skilfull wrestlers are wont in their wrestlings to hold fast by the heele. As for Mercurius, called commonly Captaine of Smell-Feasts, for that like unto a dogge softly and closely let in, readie upon an inward naughtie propertie to give a snatch, and to bite, yet wagging his taile, he used to thrust him∣selfe often into feasts and companies, and if it chaunced that any man had told ought unto his friend that he had seene in his sleepe, what time as nature raungeth at more libertie, the same with his venomous arts he would set a worse colour up∣on, and so convey it into the open eares of the Emperour: and for this cause the man obnoxious (as it were) unto an inevitable offence, was troubled with the hea∣vie load of blame and crimination. Now, when the common bruit made the most of these things, so farre was any one from uttering his dreames in the night, that men durst scarcely confesse in the presence of strangers that they slept at all: And some of the learned sort lamented, that they had not beene borne among the At∣lantaei, where, by report, there are no dreames seene: but whereof that should come, leave we to them that are of greatest knowledge in naturall causes. During these horrible kinds of inquisitions and executions there arose in * 1.7 Illyricum ano∣ther mischiefe; which beginning upon foolish and vaine words, proceeded to the danger of many persons. Within the province of Africanus, ruling over * 1.8 Panno∣nia Secunda, some boone companions in * 1.9 Sirmium having taken their cups very liberally untill they were well whitled, supposing no man to bee by for to heare their talke, fell freely to finding fault with the present government of the Empire, as most grievous and heavie to the subjects. Of these good fellowes some gave out and affirmed (as it were) by certain presaging signes which they went by, That the wished-for alteration and change of the times were at hand: others in an unadvised humor of folly fed themselves with this conceit, That the Auguries of their aun∣cestors were significant and meant by them. Out of the number of which men, Gaudentius, a braine-sicke fellow, and one that in great matters used foolishly to run all on the head, had given information hereof as of a serious matter unto Rufi∣nus, then the head and principall in the * 1.10 office of Praefectus Praetorio, a man at all times affectionately given to entertaine the worst matters; and besides, for his in∣bred lewdnesse notorious. No sooner was he advertised hereof, but immediately (as if he had beene winged to flie) he sped him in all hast to the Emperors * 1.11 Court, and set him so hotely on a light sire (being a prince readie ynough to give eare and beleefe to such manner of suspitions) that without any deliberation at all of the thing, both Africanus, and all the rest also present at this deadly supper, were com∣maunded to be hoisted on high upon the racke. This done, the said detestable in∣former, desirous still (as the manner is of men) and more hotely set upon things un∣lawfull and forbidden, had commaundement to continue that businesse which he

had in hand for two yeares, according as he required. Well, Teutomeres, a * 1.12 Soul¦dior of the Emperours guard in ordinarie, together with his Colleague, was sent to apprehend them, who according to a warrant and commission brought them all loaden with chaines. But when they were come as farre as to Aquilcia, Marinus, * 1.13 late a trainer of Souldiors, and then * 1.14 out ^e of ordinarie, the beginner of that mis∣chievous talke, and otherwise a man of a hote spirit, whose hap was to bee left in a taverne, whiles things necessarie for their journey were a making ready, by chance met with a knife, and stabbed himselfe therewith into the side, and presently pluc∣king forth his vitall parts, died. The rest were brought through to Millaine, and after they had beene put to cruell torture, confessing by force of torments, that in their merriment and among their cups they had uttered some sawcie and malapart words, commaundement was given, they should lye fast in prison, with some hope (though it were but doubtfull) of deliverie. As for those of the guard abovesaid, after sentence pronounced to avoid the countrey and live in exile, (for that Ma∣rinus, with their privitie, was permitted to die) at the suit of Arbetio obtained pardon.

CHAP. III. Warre against the Lentienses, a people of Alemaine. The description of the Lake Brigantia. The Romane armie discomfited and put to flight, having with∣in a while after vanquished the Alemans, returned to Mil∣laine, there to winter.

THis matter thus ended, within a while after warre was denounced a∣gainst the * 1.15 Lentienses, people of Alemaine, who oftentimes brake in∣to the marches of the Romanes, and made rodes all abroad. To which expedition the Emperour being gone forth, came to the * 1.16 Rhaetiae and Campi Canini. And after long and sage consultation had, this was thought to be a course both honest and profitable to all, That Arbetio Generall of the Horsemen taking part of the footmen, and coasting along the sides of the lake * 1.17 Brigantia with the stronger power of the armie, should march on thither, presently to affront and encounter the Barbarians: the description of which place I will briefely set down, as farre as my reason will give me leave. Betweene the winding of high hils Rhene running in and out with a mightie strong streame, holdeth on his course through the * 1.18 Lepontij, and runneth by the downe-fals of water in manner of Nilus, with a swift current swelling immediately from his first head where he beginneth, and so with store of his owne water violently passeth forward in one single channell, and no more. And now by this time augmented with snow, melted and resolved into water, and rasing as it goes the high bankes with their curving reaches, entreth into a round and vast lake (which the Rhaetians dwelling thereby, call Brigantia) carry∣ing in length foure hundred and threescore * 1.19 stadia, and in breadth well neere as much; whereto there is no accesse by land, for the thicke growne, shadie, and un∣pleasant woods (unlesse it be where that auncient and sober valour of the Romans made a broad way) whiles both the nature of the ground and rigour also of the ayre impeached the Barbarians. This Mere therfore, the river, with frothing whirle∣pooles breaking into and running through the still and standing water thereof, cut∣teth quite in the middest as it were just betweene two equall sides, throughout to the very end, and like unto an element severed apart by an everlasting discord, with∣out

encreasing or diminishing one whit the streame that it carried in, saving both name and strength whole, maketh an end of his race; neither afterwards suffereth he the meeting or fellowship of other rivers, but entreth of himselfe into the gulfe of the maine Ocean. And that which is a very great wonder, neither is the lake once stirred with that violent streame running through it, nor yet the river stayed in his hastie course, for all the muddie filth of the lake: and howsoever they be con∣founded together, yet are they not mixed into one bodie, which if the very sight did not prove to be so, a man would not beleeve by any meanes they could be par∣ted one from the other. Thus Alpheus * 1.20 rising in Arcadia, for love he beareth to the fountaine Arethusa, cutting quite through the Ionian sea, runneth forward, as fables doe report, to the very confines of his beloved. Arbetio not expecting un∣till the messengers came to bring word of the Barbarians comming, although he knew that the beginnings of warres were usually very sharpe, fell within the dan∣ger of a privie ambush, and with this suddaine and unlooked for mischiefe was strucken (as it were) stone dead. Meane while were the enemies discovered lea∣ping forth of their starting holes, and without any intermission shot & sticked with many kinds of darts whomsoever they could find: for neither was any of our side able to resist, nor to hope for other meanes to save their lives but by speedie flight. Wherefore, our souldiors being wholly bent to the avoiding of wounds, in a disor∣derly march scattering one from another to and fro, offered their backes to take all blowes and harmes. Howbeit, the most of them dispersing themselves through the narrow lanes, and rid out of present danger by helpe of the darke night, upon the returne of the day light, after they had refreshed their strength, betooke them∣selves every man to their owne rankes and files. In this so heavie and unlooked for mischance, a very great number of souldiors, and tenne Tribunes besides, were missing: upon which defeature, the Alemans taking more heart to them, and very stoutly every day approching neere unto the Romanes fortifications, whiles the morning mists dimmed the light, ran up and downe braving with their drawne swords, grating their teeth, and letting flye big and prowd menaces. Then on a suddaine the * 1.21 Targuetiers, who sallied forth, when by reason of the troupes of e∣nemies affronting them, they were driven backe, and at a stand, provoked all their fellowes with one mind and resolution to fight it out. But when the greater part of them were affrighted by the example of the foyle so fresh and lately received, and Arbetio, supposing all behind would be safe ynough, held off; three Tribunes at once lustily issued forth, Arintheus * 1.22 deputie colonell of the Armature: also Seni∣auchus, who had the charge of the * 1.23 horsemens troupes, ^d belonging to the Comi∣tes: and Bappo, leading the ^e Promoti * 1.24, together with those that the Emperor had committed to his conduct. The common cause as well as their owne particular put them forward, whiles they joyntly altogether resolved to resist the force of the adverse part, after the example of the auncient inhabitants bordering upon the ri∣ver: and so comming upon their enemies, not by way of a set battaile, but in run∣ning skirmishes, after the maner of Brigands, they put them all to shamefull flight: who dispersed and in disarray upon the opening of their rankes, whiles they make hast to escape with their heavie load encumbred, were forced to disarme and lay their bodies bare, and so with many a blow and thrust of swords and speares, down they went, and were slaine: and many of them slaine horse and man together, even as they lay, seemed still to sit fast upon their backes. At which sight all those issu∣ed by heapes out of the campe, who made doubt before to goe forth to battaile

with their fellowes: and now unmindfull of taking heed to save themselves, they beat downe and trode under foot the barbarous sort (unlesse they were such as made shift, by running away, to escape death) trampling upon the heapes of dead bodies, and embrued with the bloud of their slaine enemies. Thus when the bat∣taile was done and ended, the Emperour with triumph and joy returned to Mil∣laine, there to winter.

CHAP. 1111. The wicked designements of some principall courtiers against Silvanus, a most valiant warrior and captaine.

AFter this, there ariseth in the afflicted state of the Commonwealth, with like mischiefe unto the provinces, a tempestuous whirlewind of new calamities, like to have destroyed all at once, had not Fortune, the go∣vernesse of humane chaunces, dispatched a trouble exceedingly fea∣red, by a quicke and speedie issue. What time as Gaule through long neglect en∣dured grievous massacres, pillages, and wasting by fire, so long as the barbarous na∣tions licentiously made havocke, and no man did set to his helping hand, Silvanus * 1.25 Colonel of the Infanterie, moved with anger hereat, and of power sufficient to re∣dresse these outrages, first made head against them: and Arbetio was earnest by all meanes possible he could to have this service set forward with all speed, to the end that he might lay upon the shoulders of his concurrent now absent, and whom it grieved him not a little to continue still quiet, the charge of a weightie and dange∣rous affaire. The * 1.26 Clerke or Master of the princes sumpter-horses and carriages [* 1.27 named Dynamius] had requested of him commendatorie letters unto divers of his friends, as one that would seeme most inward unto him, and of his familiar acquaintance. Having obtained this request (for the other suspecting no harme, had simply graunted it) he kept the letters by him, therby to worke some mischiefe in time convenient. Whiles therefore the Colonell aforesaid was employed for the good of the Common-wealth in traversing the countrey up and downe in Gaule, and repelling the Barbarians, distrusting themselves already, & put in feare, * 1.28 the same Dynamius, being of a stirring and vnquiet spirit, like unto a wilie fox, and practised in deceit, deviseth a godlesse and fraudulent plot: having as an abettor under hand and privie thereunto (as the flying rumors went) Lampadius the * 1.29 Prae∣fect, and Eusebius who had been * 1.30 Treasurer ^f of the Exchequer, and was common∣ly knowne by the sirname of Mattiocopa, together with Aedilius, late Master ^g of the Rolls or Records, whom the said Praefect had taken order for to bee substituted Consuls, as his neerest friends: and having with a spunge wiped out the rewes of the letters, and left the subscription onely untouched, he writeth above it another text farre different from the true and originall copie; to this effect, as if Silvanus in darke tearmes requested and exhorted his friends, conversing within the palace, or living private (among whom was Thuscus Albinus also, and many more) to aid him now, enterprising higher matters, and intending shortly to climbe up to the im∣periall throne. Thus plotted hee this counterfeit packe at his pleasure, meaning thereby to endanger the life of the innocent man. Now was Dynamius also * 1.31 ap∣pointed as chiefe Commissioner to search into these matters for the Emperor: who craftily working and contriving these and such like things, entreth alone into the most inward and privie roome of the Consistorie, hoping by taking advantage of

his time, to bind fast ynough the right watchfull * 1.32 keeper of the Emperours life and estate. And after he had read in the Consistorie the contents of the said letters so craftily and cunningly patched together, the Tribunes were commanded to ward, and those private persons to be brought out of the provinces, whose names the let∣ters imported. And streightwaies Malarichus, Captaine of the companie or band of * 1.33 Gentiles, calling to him his colleagues, tooke on exceedingly, and cryed out, That men employed in the State, and appointed to place of command, ought not thus to be circumvented through factions and cunning casts: he requested with∣all, That himselfe (leaving as pledges his neerest allies and deerest friends, and ha∣ving Mallobaudes Tribune or Captaine of the * 1.34Armature his suretie, to undertake for him, that he should speedily returne) might have commission to goe and bring with him Silvanus, who had not gone about once to attempt any such matter, as those most bitter wait-layers had raised of him: or, on the other side, he promising the like for his part, besought, that Mallobaudes might be suffered to take a speedie journey, and himselfe would performe as much as he undertooke. For, he prote∣sted thus much of his owne assured knowledge, that in case any stranger were sent of this errand, Silvanus, a man of his owne nature very timorous, even where there was no matter of great feare, might happily worke some trouble in the quiet State. And albeit the advise he gave was expedient and necessarie, yet spake he (as it were) to the winds in vaine. For, through the counsaile of Arbetio, sent there was, with letters to call him, Apodemius, a cankred enemie of long time to all good men: who lighting upon the * 1.35 prince in Gaule, and swerving from the directions agreed upon and given unto him at his setting forth, without sight of Silvanus, or warning him by deliverie of letters to come, there remained: and joyning unto him an Auditor or Receiver, as if the said Colonell of the Footmen had beene alreadie out of pro∣tection and at the point to bee put to death, in very hostile rage abused his tenants retainers and servants. In this time neverthelesse, whiles the presence of Silvanus was hoped for, and Apodemius troubleth the peace, Dynamius, that hee might by a stronger argument maintaine the truth of his wicked plot, dispatched other letters (made of purpose agreeable in all points to those which he had presented unto the Emperour by the * 1.36 Pręfect) unto the * 1.37 Master of the Worke house or Forge at ^h Cremona, in the name of Silvanus and Malarichus; by which the said Master was put in mind (as one privie unto their secret designes) to provide all things with ex∣pedition. Who having read the same, sticking and doubting a good while what this should meane (for he remembred not, that these persons whose letters he had received ever communed with him about any such secret businesse) returneth the very same missives by the carrier who brought them, and a souldior with him, unto Malarichus, praying him to explaine his meaning openly, and not to write in so darke tearmes: for he assured him, that himselfe being somewhat rude, and a simple man, understood not what was so obscurely signified unto him. Malarichus, when hee had quickly found out thus much, being even then sorrowfull and sad, and grie∣vously bewailing the hard hap both of himselfe and of Silvanus his countryman, taking to him the Frankes, who flourished in numbers at that time in the palace, spake now more boldly, and made an uprore, for that the traine laid and the faite∣rous plot was come to light, by which it must needs be graunted, that their bloud was sought. These matters beeing knowne, the Emperour gave order (whiles those of the ⁱ Consistorie and all the men of warre in generall considered of the bu∣sinesse) there should be further enquirie and search made. And when the Iudges

had ynough thereof, and began to loath the thing, Florentius the sonne of Nigria∣nus, in * 1.38 place then of under ^k Master of the Offices, viewing diligently the writing, and finding certaine remaines of the old prickes or accents over the letters; percei∣ved then, that of the former contents new furbished, there was another made farre different from the tenor of that which Silvanus had endited; and the same set to in lieu thereof, according to the will and pleasure of a packe of false forgers. There∣fore after this mist of fraud and deceit was scattered and dispatched, the Emperour being truely enformed by a faithfull relation made unto him, commaundeth the * 1.39 Praefect, after he was deprived of his authoritie, to be brought judicially into que∣stion, and have his triall accordingly: but by the painefull travaile and consent of many, he was acquit. As for Eusebius, late Treasurer of the princes Exchequer, be∣ing stretched on high upon the racke, he said, That all these matters were broached and set on foot with his privitie: For Aedesius stiffely denying that hee knew not what was done, went his way as guiltlesse. So this businesse was ended, and all they discharged, whom the information made of the crime had caused to bee pre∣sented and brought into question: and Dynamius, as one for his excellent skill and cunning made renowmed, carried away with him the dignitie of a ¹ * 1.40 Corrector. Thuscus also was commaunded to reforme the rest of the credulous prince his militarie traine.

CHAP. V. Silvanus through the unreasonable abuse offered unto him by his adversaries, was driven to plot and take violent courses, and in Gaule mounteth up to the imperiall dignitie, and so at length is slaine.

WHiles these matters were thus in handling, Silvanus making his abode in * 1.41 Agrippina, and taking full knowledge by continuall messengers from his friends, what Apodemius was practising to endanger his whole e∣state; knowing also well ynough the pliant mind of the prince, easie to be induced and persuaded in the said cause; and fearing withall, least absent as he was, without sentence passed against him, he might be held attaint and guilty; plun∣ged thus into a very great extremitie, thought for to commit himselfe to the fideli∣tie and protection of the Barbarians. But when Laniogaisus then a Tribune (who onely whiles he served in the warres as a * 1.42 Candidat, was, as I have written before, with Constans lying at point of death) prohibited him, and shewed, That the Frankes, from whom he was descended, would surely either kill, or els for a reward received betray him; supposing, as his present case stood, there was no safetie for him, put himselfe upon his utmost shifts: and so, after he had by little and little in secret wise conferred with the heads or captains of the * 1.43 Principia, and they againe earnestly endeuoured the same, in consideration of a great reward promised, tooke forcibly away with him the ensignes of ^m Dragons and other banners for the time, and mounted up to the imperiall dignitie. Now, whiles these things passe in Gaule, toward the latter end of the day, unexpected newes came to Millaine, declaring in plaine words, That Silvanus, whiles of a Colonell of Footmen he endevoureth to climbe higher, by solliciting of the armie to his side, was advaunced to be Em∣perour. Constantius being with this weightie and unlooked for accident strucken no lesse than with a thunderbolt of fatall destinie, called a counsaile about mid∣night, and all the chiefe officers and rulers hastened into the palace. And when every

man was to seeke what to advise or speake to the point, namely, to make choice what ought to bee done; mention softly was made of Vrsicinus, as a most worthie man for his policie in warre affaires, and one who had beene provoked, upon no * 1.44 desert of his, with grievous injurie: sent for he was by the chiefe gentleman usher, a thing usually done by way of great honour: and no sooner was hee entred into the Counsell chamber, but the purple robe was presented unto him: and so they set him as a suppliant at the Emperours feet, after the manner of forraine kings, whereas we read that alwaies before, our Emperors were saluted like Iudges. Thus he, who a little before with malicious and spightfull railing was tearmed the * 1.45 Swal∣lowing-pit or Waster of the East, yea, and complained of for aspiring to usurpe the soveraigne place by the meanes of his sonnes; then (forsooth) became a most politicke and wise leader, as who had beene a fellow-souldior with Constantine the Great: and hee alone was called for to quench the fire by good and honest meanes (I must needs say) yet covertly and by way of a traine. For great care was had, and diligence used, that Silvanus might be destroyed as a most strong and ar∣rant traytor to the State: or, if that should misse, yet Vrsicinus, alreadie exulcerate, and carrying rancour in his heart, be utterly abolished, to the end that no scruple should remaine behind, greatly to be feared. Therefore, whiles order was in giving to make hast and set forward on his journey, as the said Generall went about to re∣peale and confute the crimes that had beene objected unto him, the Emperour by way of prevention with a mild speech stayed him, saying, It was no time then to goe in hand for to traverse any cause, or put in his plea for defence, considering the necessitie of urgent occurrents, which was to bee mitigated before it grew more; inforced rather, that on both sides they should grow to tearmes of former concord and old love. After much debating therefore and long deliberation, this point was principally handled, What device to use, that Silvanus might think the Empe∣rour had as yet no knowledge of his designes and doings? there being at length a probable matter found out to assure him thereof, advised he is by letters penned in honourable tearmes, That when hee had received Vrsicinus as his successour, hee should returne with his whole power and authoritie untouched. These things thus digested, straightwaies was this colonell or captaine commaunded to take his journey: and foorth hee led with him in companie to assist him in the necessarie and publique affaires of the State, tenne of the * 1.46 Emperours guard in ordinarie, ac∣cording as he had demaunded: Of which number, * 1.47 I also my selfe was one, to∣gether with my Colleague Verianus; all the rest were kinsmen, or allies and famili∣ar friends. Now, so soone as hee was gone forth of the countrey, every man, in feare of himselfe, accompanied him a great way off. And albeit we, as those that are to fight with wild beasts, were cast before untractable savages; yet weighing throughly, that this one good thing yet evill and heavie precedents have, That they substitute and bring in their place fortunate events; we admired that notable sen∣tence of Tully, delivered and published even from the eternall Oracle of Truth it selfe, in this wise: And albeit (quoth he) most wished it were to be, that our fortune alwaies continued upright, flourishing and prosperous, yet hath not that condition of life so much sence and feeling of the owne good, as when from a wofull and desperate case there is a returne of fortune againe to a better and happier estate. We make the more speed therefore, and take great journies, to the end that the ambitious * 1.48 Commaun∣der of the Forces, before any rumor of his usurping tyrannie passed by the Italians, in the coasts and marches suspected might appeare. But for all the running hast

we made, a certaine wandering and flying fame had gotten the start of us, and be∣wrayed the thing; so that being entred into Agrippina, wee found all above our reach. For by reason of a multitude of people, who (from all parts thither assem∣bled) were in grounding sure the enterprises so hastily begun, besides other great forces gathered together, as the present state required; we tooke this to be the bet∣ter way, That our pitifull and lamentable leader * 1.49 should be framed and accommo∣date to the mind and will of this new Emperour, who assured himselfe by vaine mockeries of pręsaging signes, that his strength encreased: and all to this end, that whiles with sundrie counterfeit shewes of flatterie his securitie proked him for∣ward to a milder course, he fearing no hostilitie at all, might be deceived. But the issue of this our project seemed difficult and dangerous. For, indeed, it would have stood better with good policie and our safetie, to take heed that our desires might have had a correspondencie with oportunitie, neither running before nor lagging behind it: which if they should breake out before their due time, sure we were all, by vertue of one writ or word, to suffer death. Howbeit, the said captaine of ours being mildly received, and forced (the present businesse it selfe requiring no lesse) to bow downe and stoupe, yea, and to adore in solemne wise (as the manner is) him that aspired so high to the purple robe, was especially regarded and made much of: and being now most inward (as having easie and readie accesse unto him and the honour to sit at his royall table) such preheminence he had above o∣thers, that by this time hee was used in secret consultation about the maine points of importance, and the very Empire it selfe. Silvanus tooke it to the heart, that when unworthie persons were advanced to the dignitie of Consuls, and other ho∣nourable places of high government, himselfe and Vrsicinus alone, after so great and manifold paines endured for the weale publique, were so despised; that he for his part cruelly abused by sifting and examining his familiar friends, and that un∣der a base manner of proceeding and triall, should bee accused of treason: and the other againe, through the malice and hatred of his enemies haled out of the East, and brought home. These continuall complaints made hee both secretly and in o∣pen place. And yet for all these and such like speeches, terrified were we with the mutinous grumbling on every side of the souldiors, alledging their want, and hote∣ly set in all the hast to breake through the streights of the * 1.50 Cottian Alpes. In this perplexitie and doubtfull trouble of heart wee closely cast about and sought for some device like to take effect; and in the end, after many alterations of our mind by reason of feare, resolved thus, That when wee had with great industrie gotten warie ministers, and bound our communication with a religious oath and prote∣station, there should be sollicited the Braccati and Cornuti ⁿ, companies wavering in their allegeance, and for large hire mutable and readie to turne every way. After therefore that this businesse was made sure, by meanes of certaine base mediators and brokers betweene, who for their obscure condition were meet to worke the feat, and set on fire beside with the expectation of rewards, when the Sunne was now arising, suddainely a crew of armed men breaketh forth: and as it falleth out in such doubtfull cases, being more bold and hardie after they had slaine the war∣ders, entred into the palace, plucked Silvanus forth of a little chappell, whither hee was fled all amated and breathlesse, and as he was going to a congregation of the Christian Religion, with many strokes of swords slew him out-right. Thus a brave leader, and a man of no meane desert, died this kind of death, even for feare of slan∣derous accusations, wherewith by the faction of his enemies he was in his absence

ensnared and entangled; so that for the safetie of his life he was driven to proceed unto the utmost extremitie of all shifts. For, albeit in regard of that issuing foorth of his so seasonably with young and gallant souldiors before the battaile at Mursa, hee held Constantius obliged unto him for a good turne, yet feared hee him as a prince variable and uncertaine; although he might pretend the valiant acts of Boni∣tius also his father, a Franke verily, and who in the civile warre behaved himselfe many times right manfully, taking part with Constantine against the * 1.51 Licinians. Now, it happened so, that before any such matter was a working in Gaule, the people in the greatest Cirque or Shew-place at Rome (whether upon any ground of reason, or moved by some pręsage it was unknowne) cried out with lowd voice, Silvanus is vanquished.

CHAP. VI. Constantius through the great and glorious words of Flatterers, exalted now as it were up to the skie, exerciseth crueltie upon noble personages. Leontius represseth a se∣ditious uprore raised in the citie. A Romane bishop named Liberius, for favouring Athanasius bishop of Alexandria, is put from his See, and expelled the Citie.

WHen Silvanus therefore was thus slaine, as hath beene related, at Agrip∣pina, and the Emperour had taken knowledge thereof with exceeding great joy (as he was a prince made altogether of insolent pride and va∣nitie) he ascribed this also to the prosperous traine and course of his owne felicities; holding on still his old manner, which was evermore to hate men of action and valiant, as Domitianus did in times past yet desirous by any contrarie slight whatsoever to overthrow them. Nay, so farre was he from praising his in∣dustrious acts, that he wrote how he had intercepted somewhat out of the treasure in Gaule, which in truth no man ever had once touched. And this commaunded he to be searched narrowly into; questioning about it with Remigius also, then * 1.52 Au∣ditor or Receiver to the office belonging to the said colonell [Silvanus] whose for∣tune it was long after in the daies of Valentinian to loose his * 1.53 life by the halter, in the matter of the embassage of Tripolis. These things thus finished, Constantius, as one that now touched heaven with his head, and were to commaund all hu∣mane chaunces, was puffed up with the loftie speeches and big swelling words of flatterers, the number of whom himselfe encreased, and namely by despising and rejecting those that were not so cunning as others in that kind: as we read of Croe∣sus, that he therefore thrust Solon by the head and shoulders out of his kingdome, because he could not skill of soothing him up in his humor: also, that * 1.54 Denis threa∣tened to put Philoxenus the Poet to death, for that when all others praised him as he recited his owne absurd verses and such as carried no grace with them, he alone was never moved at the hearing of them: a thing that is a most pernitious fostresse of vices: for that commendation onely in very deed ought to be acceptable unto a great potentate and person of high place, when otherwhiles also there is rowme allowed for to entertaine dispraise of things done amisse. And now, after this care was past, and securitie obtained, inquisitions (according to the manner) and judi∣ciall trials were holden; whereby a number after imprisonment in chaines and y∣rons, were punished as guiltie malefactors. For then Paulus that divellish promo∣ter, who could hold no longer, but breake out for very joy, rose up to practise

more licentiously his venomous and pestiferous arts: and whiles both the * 1.55 Coun∣sellors of State and martiall men also enquired into the businesse, as commaunde∣ment was given, Proculus, one of Silvanus his household, was put upon the racke: and being a thin bodied man, and a diseased, all men feared, least when his poore carcasse had beene wearied out with extremitie of excessive torments, he would cause many a man, one with another, indifferently to be called into question, and charged with haynous crimes: but it fell out with him farre otherwise than was expected. For remembring his dreame, whereby forbidden he was, lying asleepe, as himselfe affirmed, to hurt any innocent person, notwithstanding hee was tortu∣red almost to death, yet named not hee nor appeached any one, but constantly a∣vowed the fact of Silvanus, shewing by evident proofe, that he attempted that en∣terprise not upon any ambitious desire, but meerely constrained upon necessitie. For he alledged a probable reason inducing him thereunto, and the same well knowne by the testimonies of many, that upon the fifth day before he tooke upon him those princely Infules or ornaments, when he had given his soldiors their pay, in the name of Constantius hee spake unto them, To continue valiant and faithfull. Whereby it appeared, that if he had gone about then to take presumptuously the ensignes of an higher estate, hee would have expended such a weightie masse of gold, as his owne. After him, Poemenius having his part with condemned persons, was haled to execution, and died: him I meane, who as I have related before, what time as the men of * 1.56 Triers had shut the gates of their citie against Caesar ^o Decentius, was elected to protect and defend the Commons. Then Asclepiodotus, Lutto, and Maudio, all Comites, were killed, with many more besides. This was the obstinate selfe will of the time, searching narrowly upon ambiguous tearmes and presump∣tions into these and such like matters: and whiles some deadly and pestiferous whirle-puffe raiseth up still these miseries of common mischiefes in the State, Le∣ontius governing * 1.57 Rome, gave many good testimonies and proofes of an excel∣lent Iudge, in hearing of causes quicke, in deciding and determining most just, of his owne nature friendly and favourable (howsoever hee seemed to some for the maintaining of authoritie sharpe and severe) and withall very much enclined to love. The first device therefore to stirre up a seditious tumult against him, was most base and vile: For when Philoromus the * 1.58 Chariot-driver by commaunde∣ment was to be drawne and harried away, all the commons in generall following after, as readie to rescue and defend their owne deare child, with terrible violence did set upon the said ^p * 1.59 Governor, taking him to be a timorous man: but he per∣sisting firme and resolute, sent in his serjeants and officers among them; some be∣ing attached and put to painefull torments, he confined to the Islands, neither gain∣saied him any man, nor made resistance. Some few daies after, when the commu∣naltie likewise chafing all in a broile, as they were wont, and complaining of the want of wine, met together at * 1.60 Septizonium, a place of much resort, where Mar∣cus the Emperour built his Baine, a sumptuous and stately piece of worke: the said Governour going thither of purpose, was very earnestly entreated by all his gow∣ned followers and serjeants, not to put himselfe into the throng of so malapart and menacing a multitude, set upon raging still, ever since the former commotion: But he, hardly moved to be afraid of doing right, went forward; insomuch as a sort of his said attendants and followers forsooke him, albeit he hastened apace to enter into a shrewd and suddaine danger. Sitting therefore in his chariot with a lovely shew of boldnesse and confidence, he beheld with piercing eye the faces of those

unruly crewes (as if they had beene so many serpents) ruffling with a foule noise, and crie on every side: and taking knowledge of one fellow above all the rest, big and huge of stature, and with a reddish or yellow head, him he asked, Whether he were not Peter, surnamed (as he had heard him called) Valvomeres? and when he answered, and that in a kind of chiding accent, that he was the man, him he com∣maunded (as one whom he had knowne of old to be the chiefetaine and ring-lea∣der of seditious rebels) for all the contradiction and gainesaying of many, to have his hands bound behind at his backe, and so to be hoisted and hanged * 1.61 up in the aire. Who being seene once aloft, calling hard, but in vaine, for the helpe of those that were of his owne sept and tribe, all the whole multitude, that a little before stood so thicke thrust together, dispersed now into sundrie parts of the citie, vani∣shed out of sight, so as that this hote and busie stirrer of commotions having his sides racked and torne, as it were in a secret judiciall place of torture, was expelled and sent away into * 1.62 Picenum: where afterwards, daring to offer abuse and disho∣nour to a virgine of no meane patronage, hee was therefore upon sentence gi∣ven by Patruinus the * 1.63 President, judged and condemned to loose his head. Du∣ring the government of this Leontius, Liberius a bishop of the Christian Religi∣on, was by a precept directed from Constantius sent to the * 1.64 privie Counsell, as one opposing himselfe against the Emperours commaundements, and the decrees of many his owne consorts, in a matter which I will briefely run over. Athanasius bishop at that time of Alexandria, bearing himselfe too high above his profession, and one who went about to enquire into matters that to him belonged not (as the dayly bruit and rumor went of him) the congregation (or the Synode, as they tearme it) of the same place, excommunicated and remooved from the sacramen∣tall dignitie, which he held and celebrated. For reported it was, That being pas∣sing skilfull in Necromancie, and expounding the truth of oracles and prophecies, as also well seene in those things which the Augurall birds portended and praesa∣ged, he had divers times fore-told future events. Over and besides these matters, charged he was also with other points, disagreeing from the purpose and meaning of that Law or Religion, whereof he was Prelate. This Athanasius, Liberius the bishop being of the same mind and opinion with the rest, was by commandement from the Emperor warned by his subscription to depose from his sacerdotall See: but hee stiffely withstood and denied so to doe, often crying out, That it was un∣lawfull even in the highest degree to condemne a man unseene and unheard; open∣ly (as one would say) spurning against the Emperours will and pleasure. For hee, an enemie alwaies bitterly bent against Athanasius, although hee knew the thing was performed accordingly, yet earnestly desired, that the same might bee confir∣med and ratified by that authoritie which the bishops of Rome enjoy. Which for that he could not obtaine, Liberius, without much adoe and great difficultie even at midnight (for feare of the people that loved him exceedingly) could not be ca∣ried away. And thus verily stood the affaires at Rome, as this former text hath shewed.

CHAP. VII. By reason of Gaule inclined to revolt, Constantius not able to undergoe the charge, minding to take Iulian to him as his companion in the Empire, is hindered by flatterers: but in the end declareth Iulian his Colleague, and in∣vesteth him in the purple Robe, with exceeding ap∣plause of the whole armie.

AS for Constantius, disquieted he was with newes continually, reporting how Gaule was now in a desperate case, while the barbarous enemies made wast and spoyle of all, killing and sleying in every quarter, and no man there was to withstand them. Now, as he tossed to and fro in his mind, what force to use for the repressing of these troubles, resiant still himselfe in Italie, as he desired, (for he thought it a matter of danger to thrust himselfe into parts farre remote) he hit at length upon the right way and meanes to effect the same: and it came in his mind to joyne with him as companion in the Empire his cousin * 1.65 germane Iulianus, not long since sent for and brought out of Achaia, and even yet in his students cloake or gaberdine. When he had upon the urgent occasion of so many imminent calamities bewrayed thus much to his favourites and friends next about him, shewing in plaine tearmes, That himselfe, but one, shrunke now (which hee never had done before) under the burthen of so many necessities and troubles comming so thicke upon him: they beeing throughly taught how with excessive flatterie to beare him up, foolified and gulled the man, telling him ever and anone, That there was nothing in the world so adverse and difficult, but his powerfull vertue and heavenly fortune together were able (as ever heretofore) to overcome: and many of them pricked in conscience for their offences committed, said thus much moreover, That he was from henceforth to beware of the name of Caesar; rehearsing therewith the lewd parts committed un∣der Gallus. Against whom labouring hard upon this point, the Queene alone op∣posed her selfe, were it for very feare to flit into so farre countries; or that in her own naturall wit and wisedome she thought it good policie for the State, I wote not: but she said, That a kinsman ought to bee preferred before all other. And after much debating of the matter, by way of deliberation to and fro, this resolution stood firme: and so setting aside all frivolous and bootlesse disputations, hee fully determined to take unto him Iulianus, as his compartener in the imperiall governe∣ment. Now, when he was sent for and come at the day prefixed, the Emperour, after all the companies of fellow souldiors there present were called together, and a Tribunall erected upon an high banke, above which stood the maine standerds of Eagles and other ensignes, he mounted up unto it, and holding Iulianus by the right hand, thus by way of a mild and gentle speech began to say. Here stand we before you, right valorous defendors of the Weale publique, to maintaine in manner all with one breath and spirit the common cause, which I, being to plead, as it were, before equall Iudges, will briefely declare unto you. After the death of rebellious tyrants, whom rage and furie moved and egged on to attempt these designes which they proiected, the Barbarians, as if they meant with Romane bloud to sacrifice unto their wicked Manes, invade Gaule, and over-run it, having broken the peace of the marches; encouraged upon this confidence and assured persuasion, that extreame necessities bind us fast ynough, by occasion of lands so farre dis-ioyned asunder. This mischiefe therefore, which incrocheth

alreadie beyond the frontiers hard adioyning, if (while time permitteth) our helpe and yours together, after consultation had, shall ioyntly with one accord meet with; both the neckes of these prowd nations will not swell so big, and the bounds also of our Empire shall remaine entire. It resteth now, that the hope of our affaires which I doe conceive, yee also strengthen with fortunate effect. This Iulianus here, mine unckles sonne by the fathers side, well approoved (as yee know well ynough) for his modestie, in regard whereof, as well as of neerenesse in bloud, he is deare unto us; a young gentleman of in∣dustrious action, which alreadie appeareth in him, I wish to ioyne with me, in the place and power of a Caesar: Which motion of mine, if you thinke the same profitable and ex∣pedient is to be confirmed also by your graunt and allowance. As he was about to say more to this effect, the assembly interrupting his speech, in gentle manner stayed him, saying in a fore-knowledge (as it were) of the future consequence, That this was the will and choice of mightie Iupiter, and not of mans wit and understan∣ding. And the Emperour standing still without stirring, untill they were silent, went more confidently through with the rest of his speech: For as much as (quoth he) your ioyfull acclamation sheweth, that there is a correspondencie of your favoura∣ble assent, let the young gentleman endued with a peaceable vigour, and whose tempe∣rate behaviour is to be imitated rather than commended, rise up to this honour, seconded with your fortunate favour; whose singular towardnesse, instructed with good arts, even herein, me thinkes I have fully shewed, in that I have chosen him. Him therefore, by the grace and present direction of the heavenly God, will I clad in his princely robes. This said he, and soone after, when he had put upon Iulian his grandfathers pur∣ple, and declared him Caesar with the joy of the armie; he speaketh unto him some∣what sad and carrying a demisle and lowly looke, in this manner: Thou hast in thy prime, brother mine, and the most loving brother that ever I had, recovered the glo∣rious flower of thy parentage and originall: augmented (I confesse) is mine owne glorie, who take my selfe more truly advaunced, by conferring a superiour power upon a noble prince of mine owne bloud than by the soveraigne power it selfe, which I enioy. Come on therefore as partaker of paines and perils, undertake the defence and service of Gaule, as one readie by all bountifulnesse to ease the parts afflicted: and if need require to ioyne battaile with the enemies, stand to it with sure footing among the very ensigne-bearers themselves, a considerate exhorter and encourager to adventure in due time; by leading the way with advised warinesse heartening and emboldening them that fight; with suc∣cours and supplies strengthening those that be troubled, and in disarray; in modest tearms rebaking the slouthfull; a present and most true witnesse, as well to the industrious soul∣dior as to the idle coward. Therefore, as urgent service requireth, on forth like a valiant Knight to lead likewise as hardie souldiors: we will be assistant one to another in our turnes by course, with firme and stedfast love: serve we will together, and another day (if God graunt our request) ioyntly governe the world with equall moderation and pie∣tie. You for your part shall be in all places even present with me, and I againe in what∣soever you shall goe about, will not bee wanting to you: Hasten for my sake unto the highest enterprises, as having all mens wishes and prayers to ioyne with you, and purpo∣sing to defend by vigilant care the station (as it were) and ward assigned unto you by the very Commonwealth it selfe. These words once ended, no man afterward held his peace: but the souldiors all, with a terrible clattering, knocked their shields and knees together (which is a full signe of prosperitie and contentment: for contrari∣wise when they smite their shields with their speares, it is a token of anger and dolour) and a wonder it was to see, with what and how great joy they all, except

some few, approoved the judgement and election of the Emperour, and with worthie admiration they entertained Caesar, glittering in his resplendent imperiall robe: whose eyes carrying with them a terrour and amiable lovelinesse withall, whose pleasing countenance also, with an extraordinarie quicknesse and lively vi∣gour, as they wistly a long time beheld, they gathered what a one he was like to prove, as if they had throughly perused the old bookes, the reading whereof de∣clareth by bodily signes the physiognomie or inward indewments of the mind. And to the end that he might be regarded with better respect and reverence, they neither commended him above measure, nor yet lesse than was meet and becom∣ming: and therefore esteemed they were as the voices of Censours, and not of souldiors. In the end, being taken up to sit with him in the chariot, and received into the regall palace, this verse out of Homers Poëme hee softly whispered to himselfe:

〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.

* 1.66 Now purple death hath seiz'd on me, And powerfull strength of destinic.

These things passed thus, the * 1.67 eight day before the Ides of November, that yeare in which Arbetio and Lollianus were Consuls.

CHAP. VIII. Iulianus having wedded the sister of Constantius, came to Vienna: where by a certaine old wife his future acts as touching Religion are fore-told.

WIthin few daies after this, when Helena the sister of Constantius, a virgin, was joyned in marriage to the same Caesar, and all things put in readi∣nesse requisite for his speedie journey, taking with him a small traine in his companie, hee set foorth the first day of December, accompa∣nied on his way by the Emperour himselfe as farre as to a place marked with two Columnes, and it lyeth betweene * 1.68 Laumellum and * 1.69 Ticinum; and so holding on his journey streight forward he came to the * 1.70 Taurini: where he was strucken with heavie newes, which having beene brought lately to the * 1.71 Emperours Counsell, was notwithstanding of purpose concealed, for feare least all the preparation made for his voyage, should have beene lost and come to nothing. Now it purported thus much, That Colonia * 1.72 Agrippina, a citie of great name and importance in the second * 1.73 Germanie, was upon continuall siege layed to it by the Barbarians, layed open and with great forces destroyed. With which wofull tidings being sore astonied, as if it were the first hansell and beginning of evils comming toward him, muitering softly with monefull words hd was often heard to say, That all which he had gotten was no more than this, To die and perish in more imployment and trouble. And when he was come to Vienna, in his entrance thither, the people of what age and degree soever, came running to receive him honourably, as one wished for, I assure you, and their naturall Emperour: and the whole comminaltie together, with the neighbour nation bordering upon them, seeing him a farre off, and salu∣ting him as a mild and fortunate Emperour, as they went before entertained and honoured him with correspondent praises, beholding with more affectionate de∣sire such royall pompe in a prince so lawfully elected: and in his comming repo∣sed

the remedie and redresse of common calamities, crying out with one voice, and thinking no lesse, that now there shone upon them a certaine blessed and com∣fortable Genius. Then a certaine old woman that had lost both her eyes, having learned by enquirie, who came into the citie? that it was Iulianus Caesar, cried out, That he it was who should repaire the temples of the gods. Considering therefore that as that loftie Poet of * 1.74 Mantua said before time,

Maius opus moveo, & maior mihi nascitur ordo Rerum—

A greater worke I am to enterprise, As greater traine of matters doth arise:

I thinke it now a convenient time, to shew the tracts and situation of Gaule, least if I should when armies are readie to encounter, and among the variable chaunces of battailes cursarily tell of such things unknowne unto some, I might seeme to fol∣low the example of slouthfull saylers and mariners, who when their worne sayles and fretted gables might have beene at more leisure prepared and repaired, are for∣ced to mend and trim them up in the middest of waves and tempests.

CHAP. IX. Of the first originall of the Gaules. Their Bardi, Eubages, and Druidae. The nature of the aire and soile among them: and the description of the Alpes.

THe auncient writers doubtfull as touching the originall of the Gaulois, left the knowledge of this businesse unperfect: but afterwards Tima∣genes, both for his diligence and language a Greeke, collected out of many and sundrie bookes those thinges which lay long unknowne: whose credite and authoritie we following (now that all obscuritie is remooved) will declare the same distinctly and plainely. Some have affirmed, That the people first seene in these regions were * 1.75 Aborigines, called Celtae, after the name of an a∣miable king; and Galatae, according as his mother was named: for so are the Gau∣lois in the Greeke tongue tearmed. Others have reported, That the Dorienses, followers of that more auncient Hercules, inhabited the coasts confining along the Ocean. The * 1.76 Drasidę record, That a part in very deed of the nation were home∣lings, in-borne, and there bred: but others also from the utmost Islands and the tracts beyond Rhene, driven out of their owne native seats, what with continuall warres, and what with the inundation of the swelling sea, conflowed thither. Some say, That after the destruction of Troy, a few that fled from the face of the Greekes, and were every where dispersed, possessed themselves of these places then lying void. But the inhabitants of these countries vouch this above all other, (which also we have read engraven in their monuments of record) That Hercules the sonne of Amphitryo made hast to destroy Geryon and Tauriscus, two cruell ty∣rants; of whom, the one infested Spaine, the other Gaule: And after he had van∣quished them both, that he lay with the gentlewomen of the countrey, on them begat many children; and that they called after their owne names those parts which they had rule of. As for a people of Asia, from out of Phocęa, they to a∣void the cruell rigor of Harpalus, a lieutenant generall or captaine under king Cyrus, sailed into Italie. Of whom, one part built * 1.77 Velia in * 1.78 Lucania; the other, * 1.79 Massilia

in the province of Vienna. Then afterwards in the ages ensuing, they, as their pu∣issance encreased, founded many townes: But I must forbeare such varietie, which oftentimes hath satietie joyned with it. Meane while, as the men of this place were growne by little and little to civilitie, the studies of laudable sciences, begun by the Bards, Eubages, and Druides, mightily flourished here. And verily the Bards sung unto the sweet musicke of the Harpe the valorous deedes of worthie men composed in heroicke verse. But the Eubages, searching into the highest altitudes of natures worke, endevoured to lay open and declare the same. Among these, the Druidae of an higher wit and conceit, according as the authoritie of Pythagoras decreed, being tied unto societies and fellowships, were addicted wholly unto que∣stions of deepe and hidden points, and they despising all humane things, pronoun∣ced, that mens soules were immortall. This climate of Gaule, by reason of the high and difficult risings of mountaines, and those alwaies covered over with hide∣ous heapes of snow, before time unknowne almost to the inhabitants of all the world beside, unlesse it be where it coasteth upon the sea, is enclosed on every side with fences that environ it naturally, as if it were by art of man. And verily, on the South side the * 1.80 Tyrrhene and Gaule seas both runne close by it: toward the North divided it is from savage nations by the river Rhene: and Westward with the Ocean and the high mountaine * 1.81 Pyrenaeus: And what way it beginneth to mount up Eastward, it giveth place to the high banks of the Cottian Alpes: which king Cottius, after that Gaule was conquered and subdued, lying hidden alone close within the streits, and trusting upon the unaccessible roughnesse of the craggie places, when his feare was well at length allayed, and himselfe received in∣to the friendship of the Emperour Octavian, in lieu of a memorable gift, with great and labourious workes made to serve for a compendious way, and commodious to travailers, as standing just in the midst betwixt the other old Alpes: as touching which I will report anone what I have learned and knowne. In these Cottian Alpes, which begin at the town * 1.82 Segusio, there peaketh up a mightie high mount, that no man almost can * 1.83 passe over without danger. For, as men come out of Gaule, it bendeth steepe forward with a great downe-fall, terrible to behold, by reason of the cliffes hanging on either side, especially in the Spring: what time as the frost and yce thaweth and the snow melteth with the hot breath of the winds, by the streits broken on both sides, and the holes or ditches hidden with heapes of frozen yce, men verily with staggering and staying their feet make some shift to come downe; but horses and carts fall headlong forward. Now, for to put by this mischiefe, one remedie alone hath beene devised: namely, that most of the wagons with mightie great ropes tied fast unto them, and a maine strength of men and oxen both, straining behind to stay the same, scarcely with a creeping pace, somewhat more safely come rolling downe. And this, as I have said, happeneth in the Spring time of the yeare. But in Winter, the ground charged all over with a coat of yce, and (as it were) smoothed therewith, and thereby slipperie under foot, setteth men forward in their gate to run upon their noses; and the open val∣lies along the broad and wide plaines, not to be trusted, by reason that the yce will not beare, swallow up otherwhiles folke passing thereupon. In regard of which dangers, those that be cunning in the waies, and know the countrey well, pitch downe fast certaine piles or maine stakes of timber, bearing their heads above the ground all the way along the safer places, to the end that the way faring man dire∣cted by them, as they stand in a row, may passe without harme: which if they hap∣pen

to lye hidden and hilled with snow; and namely, being overthrowne before with land flouds or rivers falling downe from the mountaines, hardly are they pas∣sable with the guidance of the rusticall people, leading the way. Now from the very pitch of this Italian cliffe, there reacheth a plaine for the space of seven myles unto a station named Martis: and from hence another high hill more upright, and with much adoe to be passed over, stretcheth forward as farre as to the head or top of Matrona; the occasion of which name came by a chaunce that befell unto a noble woman: From whence the way verily lyeth steepe downe, but yet more easie and travaileable, as farre as to the Fort * 1.84 Virgantia. The Sepulchre of the said pettie king, who I have reported made those waies above-named, is at Segusio, ve∣ry neere unto the wals, and his Manes for a two-fold reason are devoutly honou∣red, both for that hee had ruled his owne subjects by way of a just and moderate government; and also because he being received into alliance with the Romane state, procured perpetuall peace and rest unto that nation. And albeit this way which I have spoken of, be the middle one, and therefore compendious, and the shorter yea, and more haunted, yet others also have beene made long before at di∣vers times. The first of them, Hercules of Thebes, marching in a milder manner to destroy Geryon (as hath beene said) and Tauriscus caused to bee wrought neere unto the maritime Alpes, and this Hercules gave them their name: Semblably, the castle of Monoecus, and the haven, he consecrated to the everlasting memoriall of himselfe. Then, after the revolution of many ages, upon this occasion were the Alpes Poeninae devised. Publius Cornelius Scipio, father of the elder Africanus, when the Saguntines, memorable for their miseries and fidelitie both, were upon a constant resolution of the Mores besieged, being about to goe into Spaine for to aid them, transported over a fleet, manned with a puissant power of souldiors. But when the citie * 1.85 Saguntum was by mightier forces destroyed, he not able to reach and overtake Anniball (who having three daies before passed over * 1.86 Rhodanus, mar∣ched apace to the parts of Italie) crossed over betweene with swift sayle an arme of the sea, which was no long cut, and watched for him at * 1.87 Genua, a towne of * 1.88 Li∣guria, as he should come downe the mountaines; to the end he might, if fortune had given him leave and opportunitie, encounter him in the plaine, wearied with the roughnesse of those comberous waies. Howbeit, having regard to the maine chaunce and common good, he advised his brother Cn. Scipio to goe into Spaine, for to keepe backe Hasdruball, who was likewise to get out and come from thence. Whereof Anniball having intelligence given him by fugitives (as he was a man of a nimble and craftie wit) taking the * 1.89 Taurines, who dwelt hard by, to be his guides, came by the way of the * 1.90 Tricastines and the utmost coast of the * 1.91 Vocontians to the chace and forrests * 1.92 Tricorij: and there beginning his worke, he made another way, which before had beene unpassable: for having hewed out the rocke that stood up on a huge height, which with making mightie fires, and pouring vinegre upon it, he had broken and dissolved, he marched along the river * 1.93 Druentia, that runneth winding with a wandering streame, and seized upon the regions of Tuscane. Thus much as touching the Alpes: Now come we to that which is behind.

CHAP. X. Gaule called Celtica, Aquitanica, and Belgica, the principall parts thereof, to∣gether with the shapes and manners of the people, are described.

IN auncient times, when these parts lay hidden as barbarous, thought they were to have beene three sorts of people, divided into the Celtae, (who are the same that the Galli) into the Acquitani, and the Belgi, all different in language, orders, and lawes. And verily the Gaules, who also are the Celts, the river * 1.94 Garumna severeth from the * 1.95 Acquitances: which ri∣ver springing from the Pyrenaean hils, after it hath passed by many a towne, hideth himselfe within the Ocean. The same nation also is seperated from the Belgae, by * 1.96 Matrona and * 1.97 Sequana, rivers of a * 1.98 duple bignesse; which running through the province * 1.99 Lugdunensis, after they have enclosed and compassed round about in manner of an Island, a castle of the Parisij, named * 1.100 Lutetia, meet in one channell, and keeping on their joynt course together forward, neere unto * 1.101 Castra Constan∣tia, fall into the sea. Of all these nations, the Belgae had the name in auncient wri∣ters to be most valiant, for that being farre remooved from a civile kind of life and behaviour, and not made effeminate with daintie delights brought in unto them, they warred a long time with the Germanes beyond Rhene. For the Acquitanes, (unto whose coasts, as being next at hand, and peaceable, marchandise used to be brought from other parts) after they fell once in their demeanor and carriage to be delicate, were soone brought under the Romanes dominion. Now, the whole countrey of Gaule, ever since that they were driven by so many urgent warres to yeeld unto Iulius Dictator, hath beene ruled by a * 1.102 government divided into foure parts. Whereof Narbonensis the first, contained within it Viennensis and Lugdu∣nensis: the second, had the rule wholly of the Acquitanes: as for the upper and lower Germanie, together with the Belgae, two jurisdictions governed at the same time. But now are reckoned within the whole circuit of Gaule, these provinces, to wit, the second Germanie, beginning first at the West coast, fortified with * 1.103 A∣grippina and * 1.104 Tungri, great cities and wealthie: then, the first Germanie; where besides other free townes or boroughes; is * 1.105 Magontiacus, * 1.106 Vangiones also, the * 1.107 Nemetes and * 1.108 Argentoratus, renowmed for the overthrowes and defeatures of the Barbarians. After this, the first Belgica hath in the frontiers thereof * 1.109 Medio∣matrici and * 1.110 Treviri, famous for the Emperours resiance there. To this adjoineth the second Belgica, wherein stand * 1.111 Ambiano, an eminent citie among others, * 1.112 Ca∣thelauni also, and * 1.113 Rhemi. Among the * 1.114 Sequani, I have seene * 1.115 Bisontij and * 1.116 Rauraci, of greater note and estate than many other townes. As for Lugdunen∣sis the first, adorned it is with * 1.117 Lugdunus, * 1.118 Cabillones, * 1.119 Senones, * 1.120 Biturigae, and * 1.121 Augustudunum, of note for mightie and auncient wals. For * 1.122 Rothomagi make shew of the second Lugdunensis, & * 1.123 Turini, of * 1.124 Mediolanum: also the Tricastini, the Alpes both Graię and Poeninę besides more obscure towns, have * 1.125 Aventicum also, a citie verily now desolate and forsaken, but of no base account in times past, as appeareth even at this day by the buildings decayed and halfe downe. These I say are the goodly provinces and cities of Gaule. In Aquitania, that lieth toward the mountaines Pyrenaei, and that part of the Ocean which reacheth unto Spaine, is the first province Acquitanica, very well inhabited and beautified with faire and great cities; but letting many others goe by, * 1.126 Burdegala and * 1.127 Averni doe passe;

likewise * 1.128 Santones and * 1.129 Pictavi. * 1.130 Ausci and * 1.131 Vasarae commend unto us ninena∣tions. In the province Narbonenfis is comprised * 1.132 Narbona and * 1.133 Tolosa, which carry the chiefe name of the cities. Viennensis joyeth in the beautie of many ci∣ties: of which, those of the better sort be, Vienna it selfe, * 1.134 Arelate, and * 1.135 Valentia: whereto * 1.136 Massiilia is annexed, by the societie and power whereof, wee read, that Rome otherwhiles in great dangers and distresses hath beene relieved and suppor∣ted. Neere unto these, are * 1.137 Salluvij, * 1.138 Nicea, * 1.139 Antipolis, with the Isles * 1.140 Stoechades. And for as much as by the traine of our text and historicall worke, we are come to these parts, it were unfitting and absurd to say nothing of Rhodanus, a river of the greatest name. This * 1.141 Rhodanus flowing from the Poenine Alpes, with store of Springs gushing forth in great plentie, and running downe apace directly toward the plaine countrey with his owne streame, and no more, hideth the bankes, and so engorgeth himselfe into the lake named * 1.142 Lemanus: and albeit he runneth within the same, yet entermingled he is no where with other waters besides his owne: but gliding of the one side over the slower and more still surface of the water, seeking an issue, with a swift current maketh way forth of it. From whence, without hurt of any thing, he runneth through the thicke fennes, and the * 1.143 Sequani, and after he hath gone a great way forward, passeth lightly hard by the province Viennensis on the left side, and Lugdunensis on the right. Having thus rid a great ground with his wavie streame, he taketh unto him * 1.144 Araris, which they call Sauconna, running within the first Germanie, and giveth it his owne name. In which place begin∣neth Gaule. From thenceforth they use to measure their journeyes, not by myles, but by leagues: and there Rhodanus growne bigger, and charged with other ri∣vers falling into him, carrieth exceeding tall and big shippes, that use oftentimes to be tossed with gales of wind: and ending among the vales which nature hath or∣dained to be his prescript limits, frothing now and foming, is incorporate into the Gaulish sea by an open frith or gulfe called * 1.145 Ad gradus, lying from Arles almost tenne miles. Thus much as touching the site of the places. Now will I describe the shapes and manners of the people. The Gaules in manner all be of stature tall, of complexion cleere, white, and of ruddie haire, carrying in the cast of their eyes a kind of terrible and sterne grimnesse, given much to brawles, and exceeding inso∣lent: for if any one of them be set a chiding and brawling, having the shrew his wife (who commonly of the twaine is the stronger by farre, and of a sallow hew) to take his part, a whole band of others that be strangers, is not able to match him: especially when she, setting out her necke with big swollen veines, fals a grating of her teeth, and levelling her snow white armes, and those of a mightie big size, be∣gins once to lay about her with fists and heeles together, as if they were bolts and darts discharged violently from the writhed and wrested strings of a brake or such like engine: the ordinarie words of most of them, as well when they are pacified as angrie, are dreadfull and full of menacing. But all of them, with like diligence and curiositie, are neat and cleane: neither in those tracts, and especially in Acqui∣tania, shall you see a woman (be she never so poore) in foule and ragged clothes, as in other places. Every age among them is most meet for warfare: and with like courage and hardinesse of heart is the old man brought into the field, and the lustie youth carrying about him limmes hardened with frost and continuall travaile, re∣solved to contemne many and those fearefull occurrents: Neither is there ever knowne any one of them (as in Italie) for feare of going to the warres, to cut off his owne thumbe, and such as so doe, they tearme merrily by way of jeast, Murcos. A

nation greedily given to wine, affecting to make sundry sorts of drinke resembling wine: and some among them, of the baser sort, having their wits and sences dul∣led by continuall drunkennesse (which Cato by his sentence hath defined to be a voluntarie kind of furie) are ravished and bestraught with wild and wandering co∣gitations: so as that may seeme to be true which Tully pleading for Fonteius saith, That the Gaulois from henceforth would drinke their wine more delayed, because they thought it to be poyson. These regions, especially those that confine upon Italy, ab∣horred not much to come by little and little under the Romanes Empire; first at∣tempted and tried by Fulvius; then afterwards in small battailes sore shaken by Sextius; and last of all, tamed and subdued by Fabius Maximus: unto whom the compleat effecting of this businesse, namely, after he had vanquished that fell and stout nation of the Allobroges, gained him that sirname. For all the Gaules, un∣lesse they were the quarters unpassable by reason of meeres and marishes, as Salust mine author telleth us, after mutuall overthrowes given and taken for the space of tenne yeares warre together, Caesar by a perpetuall covenant of league joined unto us in perfect societie. I have flowne out very farre, but returne I will at length to the matter which I have begun.

CHAP. XI. The state of Gaule in the time of Constantius and Iulianus Emperours.

AFter that Domitianus abovesaid by cruell death was dispatched out of the way, Musonianus his successor governed the East in the place and authoritie of * 1.146 Praefectus Praetorio, or Lord Iustice, a man renowmed for his eloquence in both languages: whereby hee arose to an higher degree than was expected. For Constantine, what time as he searched very narrow∣ly into the superstitious sects of the ^q Manichees and such like, and no meet inter∣preter could be found, made choice of him, as commended for a sufficient man in that behalfe: whom, for performing that office and function skilfully, hee would have to be named Musonianus, whereas before he was wont commonly to be cal∣led Strategius: and from this beginning having run through many degrees of ho∣nours, he mounted up to this dignitie of * 1.147 Praefecture, or Iusticeship; a prudent man otherwise, and well ynough endured of the provinces; mild also, and faire spoken: but upon any occasion whatsoever, and especially upon suits and actions in law (which is an abhominable thing) wholly set upon filthie gaine and lucre, (whereby hee grew base and odious) as it appeared evidently among other things in the commissions and inquisitions holden about the death of Theophilus, a * 1.148 Con∣sulare Governor or Lieutenant in Syria, who for betraying of Caesar Gallus was in a confused tumult and uprore of the people torne in pieces: in which affaire poore men were condemned, even those who were knowne for certaine to have beene forth of the countrey when this outrage was committed; but the rich ones, au∣thors in deed of this foule act, with the turning out of their livings and estates were let goe. Equall unto him was Prosper, who had the commaund of the souldiors, in lieu of the generall of horsemen abiding then in Gaule, a base coward and abject person, and such an one (as the Comicall Poet sayth) as despising the art of close theeverie, used open extortion and violent oppression. And whiles these two a∣greed together, and enriched themselves by mutuall commerce and reciprocall bringing of cheats to one anothers hand, the Persian captaines bordering upon

the rivers, while the king was busied in the farthest marches of his owne lands, by companies and crewes of Brigands made foule worke in our pale, boldly invading one while Armenia, another while Mesopotamia, taking their vantage whiles these Romane Commaunders were employed in gathering together the spoyles of them that died.

Notes

• * 1.1

  Ga••••us.
• * 1.2

  The Empresse.
• * 1.3

  Como.
• * 1.4

  Belonging to Gallus aforotime,
• * 1.5

  A large countrey, containing in these daies Transylva∣nia, Walachia, and Moldavia.
• * 1.6

  〈…〉〈…〉 rationalis minister.
• * 1.7

  Sclavonia.
• * 1.8

  Now within Hu••••gatie.
• * 1.9

  Sirmisch, Ortel.
• * 1.10

  〈…〉〈…〉.
• * 1.11

  〈◊〉〈◊〉, or Coun••ell.
• * 1.12

  Protector do∣mesticus.
• * 1.13

  Ex campiductore.
• * 1.14

  Vacans.
• * 1.15

  Lintzgoewer. Scudo.
• * 1.16

  Schwaben and Grawpuntner, or Grisoni. Ortelius readeth rather Cani than Canini.
• * 1.17

  Bodensee. Ortel.
• * 1.18

  Rhinwalder. Scudo.
• * 1.19

  The great fur∣longs, whereof 8. make a mile.
• * 1.20

  Orphea, or Rophea.
• * 1.21

  Scutarij.
• * 1.22

  Ag••ns vicem 〈…〉〈…〉 recto••••••
• * 1.23

  〈…〉〈…〉
• * 1.24

  Promotos.
• * 1.25

  Pedestris militia rector.
• * 1.26

  Actuarius sarcl∣nalium principi•• iumentorum.
• * 1.27

  By that which followeth I am bold to supply thus much.
• * 1.28

  By this it seemeth that this whole passage is defe∣ctive or corrupted.
• * 1.29

  Praefect.
• * 1.30

  Comite rei priva∣tae, or keeper of his privie purse.
• * 1.31

  Prafectus. est.
• * 1.32

  Silvanus.
• * 1.33

  Gentilium rector.
• * 1.34

  Armaturarum tribuno.
• * 1.35

  Principi.
• * 1.36

  Per Praf••••••••••on.
• * 1.37

  Ad 〈◊◊〉〈◊◊〉 Cremenensis.
• * 1.38

  Agens tunc pro magistro officiirum.
• * 1.39

  Prafectum.
• * 1.40

  Correctoris.
• * 1.41

  now Colein.
• * 1.42

  not yet promo∣ted to place of commaund.
• * 1.43

  the chiefe officers of the armie.
• * 1.44

  Frustra.
• * 1.45

  Orientis vorago.
• * 1.46

  Protectores do∣mest••os.
• * 1.47

  Am Marcellinus, the author of this Historie.
• * 1.48

  Ma••ister ar••orū. he meaneth Sol∣varus whom be∣fore he called Rectorem pedestris m••litia, Colonell of the Infanteri••.
• * 1.49

  Vrsicinus.
• * 1.50

  Monte Genebre, or Mont Cenis.
• * 1.51

  The faction of Licinius the usur∣per.
• * 1.52

  Rationario appa∣ritio•••• armorum magistri.
• * 1.53

  For he hanged himselfe.
• * 1.54

  Dionysius.
• * 1.55

  Consistorianis.
• * 1.56

  Treviri.
• * 1.57

  Aeternam urbem.
• * 1.58

  or runner.
• * 1.59

  Praefectum.
• * 1.60

  Settisonio.
• * 1.61

  Vpon a kind of racke.
• * 1.62

  Marca Ancona.
• * 1.63

  Consulari.
• * 1.64

  Ad Conutatum.
• * 1.65

  ••atruelem fratrē.
• * 1.66

  As if he should have said, I enter upon my death, in robes of gold and purple
• * 1.67

  The sixt of No∣vember.
• * 1.68

  Lamello, a citie in times past, now a small village.
• * 1.69

  Pavia.
• * 1.70

  Piemont.
• * 1.71

  Com••tatum, or Court.
• * 1.72

  Colein.
• * 1.73

  Nether Dutch∣land.
• * 1.74

  Virgil.
• * 1.75

  In borne, Home∣lings, Home-bred.
• * 1.76

  Pith••us readeth Diuides.
• * 1.77

  Veleis.
• * 1.78

  Basilic••••••.
• * 1.79

  〈◊〉〈◊〉.
• * 1.80

  Mar Tosco, or Mar de Marseille.
• * 1.81

  Which now hath many names according to di∣vers parts thereof.
• * 1.82

  or Regusio. Susa Leandro.
• * 1.83

  Penetrabile.
• * 1.84

  or Brigantium, about which stan∣deth the towne Brianson.
• * 1.85

  Morvedre.
• * 1.86

  Rhoine.
• * 1.87

  Genoa.
• * 1.88

  Riviera de Ge∣noa. Oriel.
• * 1.89

  Those of Pie∣mont
• * 1.90

  ••ntrecasteux in Provence. 〈◊〉〈◊〉
• * 1.91

  The County of Be••ifort
• * 1.92

  De Craux.
• * 1.93

  〈◊〉〈◊〉.
• * 1.94

  Garonne.
• * 1.95

  Those of Gui∣enne, according to Marlianus.
• * 1.96

  Marne.
• * 1.97

  Seyne.
• * 1.98

  or equall: gemi∣na magnitudinis.
• * 1.99

  of Lyons.
• * 1.100

  Pans.
• * 1.101

  Constance in Normandie.
• * 1.102

  or a Tetrarchie.
• * 1.103

  Colein.
• * 1.104

  Tongeren.
• * 1.105

  or Magontiacum. Mentz.
• * 1.106

  Wormz.
• * 1.107

  Speyr.
• * 1.108

  Strasburg, some read Argentoratsi.
• * 1.109

  Metz.
• * 1.110

  Triers.
• * 1.111

  Amiens.
• * 1.112

  Chalons in Champaigne.
• * 1.113

  Rhemes. Burgognor••.
• * 1.114

  Besanson.
• * 1.115

  Augst, neere unto Basile.
• * 1.116

  or Lugdunum. Lyons.
• * 1.117

  Cavailon.
• * 1.118

  Sens.
• * 1.119

  Bordeaux, or Bourges rather.
• * 1.120

  Autun.
• * 1.121

  Rovan, or Roan.
• * 1.122

  Touraine.
• * 1.123

  Sainctes, or Me∣chelen, as some thinke
• * 1.124

  Avenche.
• * 1.125

  Bourdeaux.
• * 1.126

  Bourdeaux.
• * 1.127

  Avergne.
• * 1.128

  Xainctes.
• * 1.129

  Poicters.
• * 1.130

  Auchx.
• * 1.131

  Bazadois.
• * 1.132

  Narbone.
• * 1.133

  Tolou••e.
• * 1.134

  Arles
• * 1.135

  Valence.
• * 1.136

  Marseiles.
• * 1.137

  Aix, neere unto Solies.
• * 1.138

  Nizza.
• * 1.139

  Antibe. Pineto.
• * 1.140

  Isles de Hyerres, ve•• d' Or. Ortel.
• * 1.141

  Rhosne.
• * 1.142

  Lac de Lozanne & de Geneve.
• * 1.143

  Eurgognons.
• * 1.144

  Saone.
• * 1.145

  otherwise called Gallious Sinus.
• * 1.146

  Pratoriani Prae∣fecti.
• * 1.147

  Praefecturam.
• * 1.148

  So called, not for that he had beene Confull, but bare the Consuls en∣signes.