A greene forest, or A naturall historie vvherein may bee seene first the most sufferaigne vertues in all the whole kinde of stones & mettals: next of plants, as of herbes, trees, [and] shrubs, lastly of brute beastes, foules, fishes, creeping wormes [and] serpents, and that alphabetically: so that a table shall not neede. Compiled by Iohn Maplet, M. of Arte, and student in Cambridge: entending hereby yt God might especially be glorified: and the people furdered. Anno 1567.

The seconde Booke of the Aegemonie treating of Plants as of Herbes, Trees, and Shrubs, perticulerly and Alphabetically. (Book 2)

Of the Almond tree.

THe Almonde tree in Greeke is called Amygdalè, in Latine Nux lon∣ga, a long and straight forth kinde of Nutte. Of this Aristotle hath these wordes. The Almond tree sayth he, requireth much attendance and diligence to be kept from endamaging and hurt, whilest it is tender and yong. It prospereth not vnlesse it be set in good ground, in the which it yeldeth much fruite. It dyeth and fadeth away, whereas ouermuch ••old aboundeth. Wherefore his best liking is in those Countries whereas heate raigneth. It yéeldeth two seuerall kindes of fruite, the one vsed to meate, the other onely to medicine. Diascorides sayth, that if the Fox happeneth to eate and digest of this kinde of fruite, he by and by dyeth, except he licketh in water in the present place, and that immediatlye. It

may peraduenture so be, for that which is hol∣some and good for one kind, oftetimes is hurt∣full for another. The same Author sayth also, that that Almond tree which is most swéete of taste, if it be once bitten or gnawen of Cat∣tell, it by and by looseth his goodnesse, and be∣commeth most bitter and sower.

Of the Alder tree.

THe Alder tree (which by corrupt and ac∣customed kinde of speaking they common∣ly call the Elder) is of verie barraine and vn∣fruitefull nature, as Theophrast witnesseth: this is his onelie best and the chiefest thing he hath, in that he groweth straight vp in bodie, and is in his Wood and inwarde Marie very soft. His growth sayth he, is in moyst and wa∣trie places, and else no where.

Of Aloes.

ALoes, is a precious Wood which groweth in Indie, a Wood of most swéete smell, ve∣rie medicinable. Cardane saith, it hath a great leafe and grosse, verie fat, whereout distilleth that kinde of Gum that is most odoriferous. It is taken also with Phisitions for an Herbe which is most sharpe & bitter, which groweth in Indie and Persia.

Of Aegraton or good old Herb.

AGeraton hath one and the selfe same name both with the Gréekes and Latines, and is a small shrub, verie full of yong shoutes and slips. It is like Origan or Marigolde, & hath his flower alike coloured as saith Diascorides It may be thought that it hath that name, for that it preserueth a great time without losse of his vertue, or not being otherwise hindered by sicknesse and age.

Of Agarick.

AGarick, as sayth Diascorides, hath both Male and Female: and is in efficacie or effect such, that it maye be applyed to all sick∣nesses, such as the sick person must paciently a∣bide, whether y^t it be vsed with water or wine, in which sort it is most commonly ministred.

Of Agrimonie.

AGrimonie, of Mesues, is named Maud∣len, the Latine worde is Eupatorium. It is a short shrub, & of no great or iust height. It hath his leafe parted as it were fiue portioned. The decoction hereof, saith Diascorides, or his poulder dried is an excellent remedie against the oppilacion of the Liuer & Splene, by reason

of fleume, and is taken either the Herbe it selfe alone, or else sodden among with Wine.

Of Annet or Dill.

ANnet or Dill is an Herbe whose seede as Diascorides sayth, may be kept by y^e space of thrée whole yeares next after it is gathered, without losse in any point of his operation.

Of Anise.

ANise hath the like vertue that Dill hath, but in sauour and tast, it is more pleasant and sweete. It commendeth vnto vs the good breath and swéete, and bewraieth the cōtrarie.

Of the Apple tree.

THe Apple tree is of good sounde bodie, of wrinckled barck, and in outward Cote ve∣ry full of knots. In flowers at the spring time verie beautifull, in swéetenesse of fruite in the Autumne almost not comparable, in fruit and encrease verie wonderfull, and vnder this one name it hath infinite kindes. Plinie sayth, that vnlesse it be often cropped, and rid of superflu∣ous and troublesome boughes, it will soone war barraine, and leaue off fruit bearing. The same Author sayth also, that the fruites hereof must be gathered in faire weather, vnlesse that

they being laid vp with outward plentie of ac∣cidentall and airie humor, doe by and by rot: he monisheth also that they be gathered before they be full ripe, for their better goodnesse than being preserued.

Of Artichoke.

ARtichoke the wilde, most commenly cal∣led the Thistle, is an Herbe wrought and fashioned on euerie side in maner of a sting, or Spearelike, and hath in the top of his stalke or stem, a certaine heade wherein his seede ly∣eth. It flourisheth and liketh best, in those places that be least frequented or nothing loo∣ked to.

Of the Balme tree.

THe Balme tree is rather a kinde of shrub, then a Trée, and may well be counted of that house for his lowe and humile kinde of growth: for it heightneth neuer aboue two cu∣bites. The Timber hereof is called in Gréeke Xulobalsamon, his fruite or séede Karpobalsamon, the iuice is called Vpobalsamon, bicause the bark of this Tree must first be stricken and hewen with Iron wedges, before it yeeldeth any fruit, whereby it being so wounded, by and by drop∣peth and distilleth a certaine humor, in a ma∣ner

tearlike, which humor thus issued through the coldenesse or other affection of the Aire a∣bout it, drieth to a kinde of Gum. Plinie pre∣ferreth this his smell before all smelles. But herein good heed must be taken, least we match and march with the greeke Sophister. And the same Plinie sayth (as also Theophrast doth) that it onely groweth in a certaine Dale and Ualie of Siria, which Ualie hath his whole compasse in a maner in two onely Groaues, and hath bene y^e possession of long time of two sundrie and seuerall Princes. Whereof the greater was supposed to be in contents .xx. A∣kers: and the other lesse.

Of Barley.

BArley, in his excessiue Drought differreth from all other our kindes of graine, and is called in Latine Hordiū, as if you would say Aridum, hard and drie. It is neuer sowen but vpon such kind of earth, as is drie. Plinie saith, that amongst all other kindes of corne this is last sowne, & with the first reaped: that which also experience with vs here at home teacheth.

Of the Beach tree.

THe Beach, saith Theophrast, groweth on∣ly in rough places, and most commonly v∣pon

hilles. It hath many and sundrie kinds, of some accoumpted foure, of othersome fiue. In name all one, but in fruit bearing euerie one disagréeing. One of his kinds beareth a swéete Mast or Acorne (as the Oke or Chestnut doth) and of some is taken for the Oke. It is called of the Greekes Phage, bycause in y^e former time men liued herewith, & had it in stead of breade. This kinde as Plinie sayth, is after a sort hai∣rie Lockt, almost growing out of fashion. It is nothing solide or massie, but much porouse: and therfore of the lesse endurance, as saith the same Author. Of this kinde of Wood being brent to Asshes is made Glasse, Arte, herein playing the workesman.

Of Beete.

BEete, is a Gardain Herbe, and in good plen∣tie with vs. Therof are said to be two kinds the one white, and the other black: both medi∣cinable. Aristotle saith y^t vpō his roote (as vpō any stock) any yong set or slip maye be set and graft, and through the roote his good liking in growth, may be brought from his owne na∣ture into naturall parentage with the Trée.

Of Bearefoote.

BEarefoote, is an Herbe whote and moyst, in the first degree, as the Phisitions say: and is vsed of them as a remedie to the Splene, and to giue the vitall and liuing sprites more easie and loose passage.

Of the Beane.

THe Beane sayth Theophrast hast his ma∣ner of growth thus. His roote is thick and grosse: somewhat more déepely set than the Réede his is. In the length it is indifferent, somtime foure Cubites high▪ It giueth fruite by maner of Celler: one onely in one part of his Huske. It is in his chiefest brauerie, and li∣keth best being sowne in moyst grounds, and especially in the Fennes and such like. It is al∣so said somtime through the rancour of groūds to come vp vnsowne. The Pithagorians con∣demned it, as y^• which was not méete to meat. For sayd they, it dulleth and maketh grosse ech sense and spirite. It also causeth and exciteth vp in sléepe horrible dreames. Varro thought it was forbid for that as he sayd, the soules of the deade were therein placed.

Of Betonie.

BEtonie is a water Herbe which for his sin∣gular colde worcking and growth also, in

colde Countries and places is called in Greeke Psikotrophae. It remedieth sayth Diascorides the consumed Gall.

Of Birdes tongue.

BIrdes tongue, is an Herbe whose chiefest working is to prouoke Uenerie, and cau∣seth most ranck séede. It figureth the tongue of a Birde, whereof it hath his name.

Of Borage.

BOrage, the best that it hath, as Isid. sayth, is as I finde to engender good bloud, eyther sodden among other things, or else taken raw by it selfe.

Of Bindweede

BIndweede, of some Withweede, is an herb verie noysome or hurtfull to the other fruits of the Gardaine. It hindreth their growth, and troubleth them with the inwrapping and cir∣cumplication about y^e other their stem or stalk.

Of the Blackberie tree.

THe Blackberie tree, is after his sort bushy▪ bearing that fruite that eftsoones refresheth the shepheirde, he being in the field, and often contenteth his lust. This his Leafe or coue∣ring

is said of Diascorides to destroy and kill Serpents.

Of the Bremble.

THe Bremble, of some is called Bucepha∣lus, of other some the water Bremble. It is of two sortes: one the field Bremble, which most commonly groweth in waters: and the other Gardaine Bremble, or swéete Bremble, which hath a verie good smell. They of Thrace and those which dwell about the floud Stri∣mon, féede their horse with y^e greene growing Herbe or Leafe of the Bremble, and are said to be marueylous fat therewith.

Of Britānick or English Herb.

BRitannick or English Herbe, hath the very looke of the greatest Sorrell, but in colour a little more black, somewhat Mossie or Mealie. The best saith Diascorides, that is founde in this Herbe, is his iuice, verie wholesome and profitable to many things.

Of Brome.

BRome is a Shrub, which of some is called Mirica for the bitternesse of his tast. It groweth in stonie and barraine ground, and in such places wheras no culture or care of groūd

tilling is had. And his onely presence is a tho∣row signe or euident token of barraine and dry ground. It hath his boughes flourishing as well in the Winter tide as in the Sommer. His flower yealow, and Cod blacke, both of noysome smell, and of bitter taste. Yet in wor∣king, sayth Diascorides, it is verie wonder∣full. For his Leafe or flower being sodden and boyled among with running water, brideleth and kepeth away swelling of the Splene. It helpeth the tothache, and stencheth the flowing of the bloudie Flix.

Of the Bulrush.

THe Bulrush hath one kinde, which of some is called Sonnes brow: The Romaynes call it Sea Bulrish or Manuad: And it hath two kindes: one which hath a square top or crowne verie blunt withall: and the other is rather Spearelike and sharpe topped. This last saith Diascor. intermedled with drinke, bringeth on fast and sound sleepe.

Of the Burre.

THe Burre of the Gréekes is called Philan∣thros, mannes friend, for that it coueteth to catch holde and to cleaue vpon man his Gar∣ment holding fast by such kinde of roughnesse

as it hath.

Of Cammock.

CAmmock sayth Theophrast is an Herbe throughly beset with Prickle, and is one of those that continue but for one yeare, or for the Spring time, Sommer and Autumne: and so fade away. His leafe is like Rue. It groweth in such ground as is tilled, & especially where as Corne or such like graine is most rancke. It is plucked vp by his roote, then when as the earth through the Sunne beames is feruently hote, or else not. In some place for hindring & staying the Husbandman it is called Rest har∣row: in Cambredge shire Whine.

Of Cammomill.

CAmmomill, is an Herbe vsed of Phisiti∣ons to purge the head, and to emptie it of superfluous humor and other grosse matter. Auicen sayth, that there is three kindes hereof. One which hath a Saffron flower: another whose flower is as it were Purple coloured: the thirde is white. This hath that laudable preheminence for that the more it is trod and kept vnder, the more a great deale and the bet∣ter it commeth vp and prospereth.

Of Capers.

CApers or the fruit which is called Cappa∣ris, is so deriued from the Gréeke name, for that it hath a round head in the top of his stem. His best liking is in dry & stonie groūds, and is called of the Phisitions the purging Herbe, of some it is called Doggues Bremble, of other some Doggues Apple, of other Hares heart. The Mages call it Pentheron.

Of Casia.

CAsia, is one of those sorts which haue their preheminence and are had in price for their odoriferous and pleasant smell. Which (sayth Plinie) hath thrée kindes, in no point one co∣loured like to another. For the first is white, the seconde red, the thirde almost blacke. The first is of least value, for that it soone rotteth, and is consumed and eaten of Wormes. The best is tried thus: by sauour or smell, tast and colour. It groweth in Arabia. His stalke or bodie sayth Theophrast, is somewhat grosse or superfluous, representing therein strikes, small and long, not much vnlike to Sinewes. It hath a barke and rinde but most difficult to be pared away. It is cut in the bignesse and length of two fingers, or a little more: and

that onely about the vppermost and most ten∣der twigges, and is after sowed vp being so cut whilest it is fresh and greene with some strong binding, the binding most commonly being of an Oxe his hide. The true Casia we haue not, neyther the true Cynamon.

Of the Cedar tree.

THe Cedar tree is in Leafe like to the Cy∣prouse: his Wood is counted precious, and is long endurable for that it neyther harboreth Moth nor Worme. Wherof (for this such his goodnesse) the Pillars and Beames of Prin∣ces Houses and Pallaces, likewise of Tem∣ples are made hereof. It groweth in Affrick, Crete, & Siria, and especially vpon the Mount Libanus. Rabanus sayth, that it is the verie Ladie and Queene of Trées. Theophrast sayth, that it is of marueilous highe growth, verie light, straight vp, about the bodie with∣out wem or knot. And aboue al places saith he, that beareth the freshest, and is of gréenest lea•• that is in Cor••ica. From thence is brought that swéete Poulder which is called Cedria, which they vse to bestrewe vpon Garments, vpon bookes & such like to preserue them from worme eating.

Of Cerfolie.

CErfolie, is an Herbe in operation and working in a maner fiery. His best is, saith Diascorides in that that it being wrought & tempered with Uirgins Waxe, remedieth all kinde of swelling.

Of Cetewale.

CEtewale, is an Herbe whose roote the Phi∣sitions vse to gather in Sommer, and bée∣ing then dried indureth in good case thre whole yeares next after.

Of Centorie.

CEntorie, is called the bitter Herbe, for that it is most bitter in tast: some call it the gal of the earth: his working was first knowne by Chiron the Centaure, who vsed it first in Medicine.

Of Celedonie.

CEledonie, is an Herbe which beareth a Saffron coloured flower, whose flower also gathered and helde in the hande dyeth, and stayneth the gatherers hande. Plinie sayth, it is then in his best lust, when as the Swallow abydeth and buildeth amongst vs,

and serueth the Swallow (as the same Plinie and Aristotle also doe witnesse) to great vse and purpose. For say they, if at any time by a∣ny mischaunce or fortune, hir yong be hurt or perilled in their eiesight, the dam goeth to this Herbe, & presseth forth his iuice, which being so done, she annoynteth it about their eyes, and so restoreth them to the better and their former state and case againe.

Of the Cherie tree.

THe Cherie tree sayth Theophrast, height∣neth and matcheth with any in that poynt what so euer. It somtime reacheth sayth he, to 24. Cubites, his leafe is like to the Medlar, sa∣uing that in handling of it, it is somewhat more rough. His flower is white, which ha∣uing gotten full ripenesse becōmeth bloud red.

Of the Cinamon.

THe Cinamon shouteth forth out of a yong set or spring in bignesse about two Cubits. It groweth in Indie and Arabia, as Theo∣phrast mentioneth, and is called Cinamon, for that it hath his top as it were folded or plai∣ted. It is of ashie and duskie colour: his Leafe is like to wilde Maioram. It neuer smelleth till it be throughly drie. It groweth amongst

Briers and verie hard Rocks, and is gathered with much paine and difficultie. In Fables we find that this fruit is found in the Phoenix Nest. Theophrast sayth, that is of the best goodnesse which is next to the twiggs and top, and that is lesse good, which is next to the roote.

Of the Ciprous tree.

THe Ciprous tree is so named of y^e Gréekes as Isidore saith, for that in his growth and especially beneath about his roote, it figureth the Pine Apple tree, or that figure which the Geomitricians call Conus. It is singuler in swéete smell. And for this purpose they were wont in olde time to burie their dead with the Wood hereof, hereby thinking to kéepe vnder, and to suppresse all ill smelles and sauours of dead Carcasses.

Of Cokkell.

COkkell is an vnprofitable Herbe or rather (to giue him his right name) a hurtfull wéede which will alwayes be medling with the pure Wheate, and doeth often choke it vp, and hindreth his growth: So that the old Pro∣uerbe is herein verified: the ill wéede ouercrop∣peth the good corne.

Of Coltes foote.

COltes foote of some is called Bethicon, of the Egyptians Suartha. His leaf is like to the I uie leafe. It ariseth from the roote di∣rect and straight vp.

Of Coriander.

COriander hath his name common with vs and the Gréekes. For it séemeth to be so called Apo tou koriou, of plentie of séede. Which séede being taken in sweete wine, pro∣uoketh a man to much venerie. But this being after this sort drunke without moderation or reason in so taking it, causeth Phrensie and madnesse.

Of the Chestnut tree.

THe Chestnut tree is a verie tough wood, and so massie or sound, that it maye be the principall Beame in all buildings. It is so fer∣tile and ranke in yong shoote and slippe, besides this in budding and giuing of flowre, that be∣ing once cut or hacked in pieces, will be the better for that, and bud so much the more. It is called Castanea in Latine quasi Castraria à Castrando bicause it is so often lopped or gelt, or bicause it is first opened before it is rosted in

the fier. Some saye that those kinde of Coles wherewith the Smith mollifieth and worketh his Iron are made with this.

Of Chastlambe.

CHastlambe or Agnus castus hath y^• flowre and séede that being digested of vs, openeth forthwith the poores of the bodie: consumeth and drieth vp that naturall moysture within. Diascorides sayeth that with so working, it maketh men chaste.

Of Crowtoe.

CRowtoe of some is called Vacinium, in Greeke Iacynthos. It hath a leaf like to Por∣ret, a handfull in height, in bredth it is lesse or more small than a Maidens finger. His colour is greene as y^e preci••us stone is of y^• name: his top is full of Purple flowers. His roote circle∣like or round. It being drunken saith Diasco. with Wine purgeth the Gall of his superflu∣ousnesse. Of this Herbe .ij. sundrie fables haue sprong vp with y^e Poets. One that it was first a Boy entierly beloued of Apollo, whome he at a time by a certaine mischaunce slew, which thing done in his furie (lesse that with his death his memorie should also die) he turned him into this kind of Herbe or Plant. Another

is, that it sprang vp of Aiax bloud the most va∣liant Captain that euer the Greekes had. And for the remembraunce of so worthie a Knight or rather Princelie and Heroicall person, the Gods are said to haue giuen to this Herbe two vaynes, figuring and euidently shewing these two Letters A. and I. with vs it is commonly named as we said before, Crowtoe.

Of Crowfoote.

CRowfoote of some is called Astrion. The Romanes in their phrase of speach call it bloudie leafe. It spreadeth sayth Diascorides, all abrode vpon the earth, rather than by anye meanes it should heighthen. His leafe is cut a∣bout or bepinked. It beareth yelowe flowers, called Goldknops, and wheresoeuer it grow∣eth (whosoeuer list to dig vnder and about it) shall neuer finde his roote without great store of humor and water, like as in Camomill.

Of Cresses.

CResses wyth the Egyptians are called Moth. The Romanes call thē Nasturcia This kinde being drunken sayeth Dias. much auaileth and is a certaine remedie against ser∣pēts. The Persians vsed it as the best Sallet that they had in al their feasting and banquet∣ting.

It auaileth much to memory, whereof a∣riseth this Prouerbe: Eate wel of the Cresses.

Of the Cucumber.

THe Cucumber after Plinie groweth both in the Gardaine and in the fielde. It is of those sort sayeth Isidore as also Theophrast, that chaunge their leafe and stalke often.

Of Cinkfolie.

CInkfolie or fiue leaued grasse of some is called Pentadactylon, or Asphalton. The Ma∣ges call it Ibis claw or naile: some cal it Mer∣curies fingar. His leafe is like to Mynt, and hewen or hacked toothlike, in maner of Saw. His flowre is yelow and somwhat pale with∣all. It groweth in moyst and watrie places. It is ministred often of the Phisitions with Lu∣sters and Purgations.

Of Daffadill.

DAffadill, some call Anthericon, the Ro∣manes Kings spare. It is in his stalke ve∣rie thinne and light, and beareth his flower in his top: it is of plentifull roote. It being mini∣stred medicine like, remedieth the Serpentes sting.

Of Dictamus.

DIctamus is an Herbe which groweth in Crete and is very wonderfull in losening & vnbinding the straights of the bodie. Tullie gathereth this to be true by the maner of the Deare or Harte, who being stricken in the ri•• with anye Dart or Arrowe, so that it sticketh hard fast: they streight wayes hunt after and hasten to the water bankes of the F••n where this Herbe groweth, and finding this, eateth it as a present remedie to haue thereby helpe in such a distresse: which Herbe being once eaten, they shake out the Dart or Arrow out of their ribbes as they list.

Of Dill.

DIll some call Anis. The Egyptians Ara∣chis. The Mages after their tongue, Dogs head or Houndes locke. The Arabians Mer∣curies broode. The Romanes as before Anis. Diascorides saith, that it hindreth and hurteth the good eiesight being often taken, and is a hinderance to issue.

Of Dragaunce.

DRagaunce is an Herbe so called for that it is bespotted and is specked in his colour

much like to a Snake: representing the verie Uiper or Dragon, which Herbe the Uiper it selfe standeth in dreade of. Of some it is called Colubyne, for it hath hys flower Purple coloured: it is also clouen and sharpe as the Serpents tongue is. It is blacke in the midst of his flower. This sayth Diascorides, hauing his roote dried and beaten all to pou∣der & confect also with water of Roses beau∣tifieth and cleareth the foule face, as being with other things handled helpeth otherwise.

Of Dragon.

DRagon the greater and the lesse. The grea∣ter of some is called Aron, Isaron, Iaron. &c. The Romanes call it Serpentarie. Thys groweth only in shadowie places, and such as be hedged, so kept away frō the Sunnes heate, which thing it cannot abide. The lesser hath white spots, and those little, his stalke straight vp: and his length about .ij. Cubits.

Of Dwale.

DWale is called in Gréek Struchnon Ypnoticon in English s••éeple Dwale. It is a kinde of shrub sayth Diase. which groweth nigh to the Sea, verie abundant and plentifull in yong shootes. It is maruellously effectuous to bring

a man on sound and fast sléepe. There is ano∣ther kind of the self same name which is called mad Dwale. Which being drūkē sheweth wō∣ders by a certaine false shewe of imagination.

Of the Elme.

THe Elme is a trée whose wood or timber is yelow, verie sinowie & strong. It is called of some all heart. It is vsed and occupied prin∣cipally about magnificall or beautifull gates. It is then best of all riuen, clouen and cut in sunder when it is moyst and gréene, and wyth more difficultie being once drie. Theophrast sayth, that it is in his kinde verie barraine. It only beareth a certaine Grape, but nothing else. It is one of those kinds that putrifie and bréede wormes.

Of Esele.

ESele of some is taken for Eiebright: this hath his leafe verie thinne and plaine. It is not of so fresh a gr••ene colour, or of like looke, as many other Plants be: but this it hath a∣boue them, for it being pressed, doth giue a very daintie and most medicinable iuice or humor, not much vnlike to milke. Diascor. sayth, it purgeth fleume and other such superfluities of like nature.

Of the Elder tree.

THe Elder▪ saith Isid. is verie soft in hand∣ling, and of verie small heigth or growth. Hereof are made certain kinds of instruments and especially a kinde of Symphonie whiche the common sort call a Pipe: the learned and more ciuil kinde of men name it a Dulcimer. As the abouesaid Author, witnesseth, in that his tractate of Musicall instrumentes. It hath boughes thicke and gro••se, verie plaine and well compact with all in his outward appea∣rance. But within they are verie hollow, and haue nothing else but a soft Marie, which is commonly called their pith. Plinie sayth, that if the middle Barke or Rinde be pared or cut somewhat more toward the vpper part of his stocke or bodie, than towards the nether part, or contrariwise, so it will afterwards augmēt either vpward or downeward, with spreading forth of his armes or braunches after that sort.

Of Fenkell.

FEnkell is an Herbe of the Gardaine and fielde common to them both, but not so cō∣mon, as effectuous. The Latine worde signi∣fieth, that it should be sharper of the eiesight, & Diascorides also sayth, that the iuice of this

Herbes roote quickneth the eyes. It is called of the Gréekes Marathron. Plinie (as also Isidore in his .xvij. booke saith) that the verie Serpents (if nothing else did) were sufficient to Noble & to cause this kinde to be well reckened of, for that through the onely taste or eating hereof, they shake off many sicknesses, and thereby keepe away, or of from them weake & olde age.

Of the Fig tree.

THe Fig tree, is of no high growth, neither nice in bodie, but grossely set and thick, all his Wood not so plaine, as wrethed & wrinck∣led: the colour of his Leafe and Rinde some∣what more wan or pale: his flower Medler∣like. It is called Ficus in Latine à fecūditate as some say, for such fertilitie as it hath and in∣crease: for so soone as his fruites, those that be all of one time in growth begin once to ripen and are pulled or plucked therefro, it straight wayes with no lesse aboundance shooteth forth other. It hath that humor (as it is said) that is like womans milke. It hath also that vnctu∣ous and Oylie nature in tast and smell, so vn∣pleasant to the Bull, that there is no better bit or Bridle to stay and quiet him, then to bring him to the Fig tree, whereas he may haue but onely sent and smell hereof, and being neuer

so fierce, is forthwith tamed. It hath diuerse appellations and names of diuers Regions & Countreys. There is one kinde saith Theo∣phrast in Indie, which euen from his boughes or braunches giueth yearely roote. There is a∣nother Fig tree called Aegiptiaca, which in Wood and fruit bearing, is like the other: but in effect and manner of working is contrarie both to this kind and to all other: for it being throwen into the water, it straight waye dis∣cendeth and séeketh to the bottom (and that which is most to be maruelled at) after that it hath bene so a long time drowned, and hath e∣uerie parte or poore full of water (at which it should séeme to be more ponderous) it then a∣riseth vp againe to the waters top, and so kée∣peth ••uerlie and aboue the waters highest su∣perficie, and swimmeth as Saint Augustine sayth▪ as all other kinds of Timber do, aboue.

Of the Fir tree.

THe Fir tree sayth Theophrast, hath this one maner and custome peculiarly to him∣selfe, that being cut, eyther hindred or hurt, by any storme or tempest in y^e left side of his stalk (which kinde of stalke it hath both light and smooth) it by and by taketh hart a grasse, and groweth round about and garland like, a little

beneath his top: which some call leaping a∣bout: other some the daunsing of the rounde. It is in colour somewhat black, to féele to hard aboue measure. Whereof the standing Cups of Arcadie were wont to be made. And this furder it hath peculiarly, that cutting y^e bough∣es without shill, or hurting the toppe, it forth∣with dyeth.

Of Firse.

FIrse or Gorse, is a most sharpe and thornie kinde of Herbe, growing in Woodes, For∣rests, Desarts and in such grounds as be most weedie. It is saide to prick and wound the féete of him that passeth by, and catching holde of some part of a man, soone pierceth to the quick. The common sort call this daungerous· herbe.

Of the Frankinsence tree.

THe Frankinsence tree is verie plentifull in boughes giuing. In leafe it is like to our Peare. Sauing y^t it is much more small. It is in colour as gréene as Rue, in rinde & barke as soft as Laurell. The trée it selfe hath ere nowe bene called Libanos, & in Gréeke Dendrilibanos his Gum or teare. Libanotos of Galen. Euri∣pedes again cōtrariwise vsed Libanon for the teare: and Libanotos for the tree. It is so fabled

with y^e Gréekes that it had his name of a yong man, and the same an Assirian, whose name was Libanos, who afterward was turned in∣to this kinde of trée, whome certaine enuious persons slue perceiuing him so serious in wor∣shipping the Gods. (For the which their ma∣lice being not long after acquited and reuen∣ged) it was afterwards and hitherto is holden in opinion that there was no better nor more acceptable sacrifice to the Gods than Frankin∣sence offered vp. There is a certaine Manna of this Frankinsence, which Plinie will haue to be y^e purest of this his humors drops wrung forth by great pressing. There is also a certain smoke in this, swéete and pleasant, after that it be burned, as there is also of Mirrhe.

Of Fumitorie.

FVmitorie of the Epyptians is called Lynx of the Gréekes Kapnos, with the Latines Fu∣mus terre, the earth his fume or smell. It is a bushie or shrublike Herbe like to Coreander his flower, white or more like Ashie colour. Diascorides sayth, it letteth the hayres of the eye liddes, being pluckt away to grow again, annointed and layde with Gum. It is in his best working, then, when as it is greene.

Of Garlick.

GArlick, hath his name of his strong and vnpleasant smell: bicause it smelleth saith Isidore so strongly, and with that so lothsom∣ly, that it taketh away, & ••ereaueth for a time the good and swéete smell of all other things. The best that it hath, is that it is good of en∣crease. For euerie and eche coate of his (those I call coates which are as it were on both their sides behemmed and parted, and are as it were in seuerall corners of the house, but yet in house and so by that meanes all one) set in the Gar∣daine or otherwhere, will soone come vp and much prosper. Which thing the Onyon as Aristotle sayth, haltet•• in: for that is set onely by whole heades, & so commeth vp or else not.

Of Ginger.

GInger▪ in Gréeke is called Zingi••eris, it gro∣weth in Arabic, his growth is by manye and infinite small 〈◊〉〈◊〉: in smell and ••auour not much vnlyke to Pepper. Choose fayth Di∣••scorides of the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 hereof 〈◊〉〈◊〉. Take them for the best and principal, which haue not bene ••aton, neither gn••wen with wo••mes: for they haue their wormes also as al other rootes haue.

Of Gladiolus or Sworde herbe.

GLadiolus, his form and proportion of leafe is like to Sedge, his flower yealow in a maner like to the flower Deluce: some call it Arion, some Sword point or edge toole: other some cuttle haft. The Romaynes as before. It groweth for the most part in the fielde. It hath a double roote one placed & setled within an another. This his roote sayth Diascorides, being taken in wine prouoketh and stirreth vp to Venerie.

Of Grasse.

GRasse of some is called Asyphylion. They of Affrick call it Eball, the Egyptians A∣nuphi, the Romaines Cattailes meate. His growth (as what it is also) is verie wel knowē of all men. Herein lurcketh the Serpent, and hydeth him selfe safely. With this all beastes and Cattell of the field do liue. It helpeth and remedieth, saith Diascorides all hinderances and stops to vrine. There is a kinde of grasse in Babilon, whiche is like Cane or Reede, which being tasted or eaten of, killeth the Cat∣taile, and it groweth by the highe way sides on euerie side as they iourney. In the Hill Parnasus, there groweth another kinde of

grasse more thicke and ranke than the other, & of better size: for it beareth a leafe like Iuie. In Cilicia there is a kinde of Grasse which is called Heracha, and of the Egiptians Apap, which groweth in hedges about walles and Uines: whose leafe is like Mercuries Herbe, and as full of Briestles.

Of Grunswell.

GRunswell in Gréeke Ereigeton, it groweth vpon walles and Tileshads, and is hoare∣like to an olde mans bearde. It hath a duskie flower. Diascorides sayth, that his stalke be∣ing boyled in water, and afterwards druncke w^t wine, doth ease the sore grief of the stomack.

Of the Gilofer.

THe Gilofer is called Gariophilus, hys flower of al other flowers is most swéete in smell. There be many kinds of Gilofers, al∣though but one name for thē all. There is also a tree of y^• name called Geū of othersome Be∣net, which hath fruit in tast like y^e Peppercorn

Of Hares foote.

HAres foote, of some Hares commyn. It groweth in Gardaine Alyes. And is as Diascorides saith, a singular Medicine to kepe

and defend the inward bowels from swelling.

Of Henbane.

HEnbane, hath the name to be a cause of madnesse or furie: Isidore sayth, that it killeth and bindeth the spirites: The Herbe it selfe hath a top or small heade. In olde time, vpon the Crowne or Myter of the high Priest stoode a flower right vp on the top, not much vnlike this Hearbe, about a finger in heigth, supereminent, & vnderneath this, in the lower part of the garland or Myter, round about his Temple or Forehed, there was a golden circle in thrée sortes ordered, and set vpon, the which stoode with yealow flowers from one side to a∣nother. We must gather that something was figured hereby, and that the high Priest or Bi∣shops were not on this wise ordred for nought

Of Horse taile.

HOrsetaile but more commonlye with vs called Cat••es taile, of the Greekes Hippyris of the Mages Saturnes foode. It groweth in waterie places and those softlye dighted and banked about. It creepeth vp by stalke aloft, and reacheth ouer his neighbours head, coue∣ting and preasing as much as it may to be the higher. In his top it figureth a taile to looke to.

And thereof had it his name. His roote is tough and verie harde. Diasc. sayeth, that it is a sore hinder, and that it stencheth eruption of bloud.

Of Houselike.

HOuselike in Gréeke is called Acizoon, as you would say, always aliue. It is alwaies gréene and well liking, and for his endurance is resembled to Ambrosia: for his colour to the Marigolde, for his roundset or figure to the Bullocks ••ie: Insomuch that the Romaines call it Iupiters eie. It hath a fruitfull leafe in the bignes of a mans thumbe: in the end ther∣of it is sharpe or like a tongue. It is giuen to drinke sayth Diascorides against the biting of the greatest kinde of Spider, and that kinde principallye which hath the moste io••ntes, as some be thrise iointed. There is another of this name, but it is lesse, and is called Acizoon to Mikron, or with the Romanes Vitalis herba, or Semperuiua. Semgréene. It groweth vpon Walles and tiled housen and is many wayes medicinable. Dia••corides.

Of Humlocke.

HVmlock in Gréeke is called Koneion. With the Egyptians Apemphi, in Latine Ci∣cu••a. It hath his stalk and stem like Fennell.

His flower is white. His séede like Anise seede, but more white. It is one of those kinds of Plantes which destroye and kill as soone al∣most as it is taken. Wherewith as we reade Socrates the good Philosopher died forthwith, after that he had bene once caused and compel∣led of malicious Iudges to take y^• Cup wher∣in the iuice hereof was poured, and so to drink it off. Diascorides sayth it killeth through ex∣tréeme colde, vanquishing and extinguishing all naturall heate.

Of the Herbe Iacinct.

IAcinct is an Herbe hauing a purple flowre It tooke his name of a certaine noble childe, which among the Syrtes in a Pasture there was found dead. So the child his funeral gaue name to this Herbe. His colour is properlye Aerie, bespotted among with Purple and red. It hath a certaine flaxe lyke Snowe. Of these iij. colours were the Priestes robes of, as we read in the old law.

Of Isope.

ISope is an Herbe of meane growth, but of much vertue, and principallye in purging the Lungs. Wherefore in the olde law sayeth

Isidor, by a bunch of Isope, they would be be∣sprinkled with the bloude of Lambes, which would be counted and reckened cleane.

Of the Iuniper tree.

THe Iuniper tree is so called of similitude and likenesse to the fire. Pyr in Gréeke sig∣nifieth the fire: or as some thinke it is so called for that in his maner of growing it is like that figure which the Geometricians cal Pyramis, we may say sharpely topped. Or as other some say, it is so named for his good and long maner of retayning and keeping fier, insomuche that if Coales of fire be raked vp, and inwrapped with the Ashes hereof, they continue as they saye, vnextinguished by the space of a whole yeare. It groweth sayth Diascorides, in stony and desart places. Plini•• sayth, that the onely shadow of this sleath and killeth Serpents: and therefore his fruit is reckned to be a reme∣die against poyson.

Of Iupiters beard.

IVpiters Beard, called of the Gréekes Chry∣sokome, as you would say Goldilocks. It is hairie like Isope. Diascorides sayth, it is ta∣ken in Wine eftsoones to purge.

Of Iuie.

IVie sayth Isidore, is so called, for that it créepeth all about, and cleaueth fast to the trée, some say (as it may be also) that it was so called, for that at the first it was giuen to the Kid and Déere as nourishment & meate. For Haedera is the Latine word, and we may fetch it as it were word out of word, Haedera quasi Haedis data. It is plentifull in giuing Milke, wherewith the Kids were more full of Milke. It is a token and signe with the Philosophers of colde and moyst earth.

Of the Kastainy.

THe Kastainy is a tree of good high growth, so called as Isidore witnesseth, for that it must be often lopped or gelt. For this so soone as it is cut downe, by and by (as it were a faire greene groue) spreadeth abrode and beareth in∣finite blossomes, and buddeth wonderfullye. His fruite hangeth betwéene leafe and leafe, and that double or by couples, in maner of a man his priuities.

Of the Laurell tree.

THe Laurell tree hath bene from the begin∣ning, the verie seignorie and badge of all

such as haue gotten amongst men the name of honor, dignitie and praise. Insomuch that in olde time (as also in many places now or not long since) the Garlands & Crownes of Em∣perours, hardie Captaines, valiant Souldiers and such like, were made hereof. With them of the olde time it was called Laudea, after∣wardes the letter d through an other custome had his chaunge into the letter r, and is nowe called Laurea, (as many other wordes of like sorte) of the which is Meridies for Medidies and the like. The Gréekes named it Daphnis, for that it is alwayes freshe and neuer leaseth his gr••ene colour. Aristotle sayeth that this kinde of trée (whereas other and those infinite are) is neuer hurt by thunder and lightning.

Of Laus tibi.

LAus tibi or white Daffadill in Greeke is called Narkissos. It hath his leafe like an Onyon. His stalke yelow within his skinne, and hollow. Diascorides sayth, that it ioyneth togither those sinewes which are cut, being ad∣hibited and vsed plaister like.

Of Lettice.

LEttice sayeth Isidor, is so sayde for that it being eatē, hath that humor which 〈◊〉〈◊〉 soone

conuerted into milke: and to the woman it encreaseth milke abundantlye. To the man he sayth, it is cause or prouokement to Uenerie. There is both field Lettise and Gardain Let∣tise. Diascorides sayth, that it putteth away all hinderances of sound sléepe.

Of the Leeke.

THe Leeke hath his time of lustinesse and youth, and his time also of age, euen as man hath. For the first yeare it bestoweth all care and trauell in growth and nourishment to his owne perfection and ripening: then the next yeare following, that that he can he reser∣ueth and bestoweth vpon séede, to the preser∣uation of his kinde.

Of Laburnum.

LAburnum is a tree growing vppon the Mountaines called the Alpes, whose wood is white & hard: and hath his flower one Cu∣bite in length, so noysome that no Bée will touch it. This groweth in hard and drie places and hateth moysture or water.

Of Libardbaine.

LIbardbaine of the Gréekes is called Ak••∣niton, it hath leaues like the Cucumber, but

somewhat more lesse and rough. His roote is like y^e Scorpions taile. In colour it is as white as the Alabaster. They say that if the roote her∣of be shewed or offered to the Scorpion, that it enféebleth him, and bereaueth him for a while of his liuely powers, & of both his inward and outward senses. But contrariwise if you shew him Barefoote or Terworte, he by and by lea∣peth, and is aloft. Diascorides sayth, that this roote being stamped to poulder, and being be∣spiced or bestrewed vpon their meate, as flesh, and such other things wherwith they liue, de∣stroyeth and killeth the Panther, the Libard, the Wolfe, and all other beastes, those especi∣ally which liue by rauening, and that whilst their meate so ordred is in their mouth. There is another of this name, englished Wolfbane: whose lea••e is like the Plane tree, which hath iij. kindes. The one which the Huntesman v∣seth: which groweth for the most part in Ita∣lie, with the which after their addighting they destroy Wolues, as Diascorides sayth: the o∣ther which serue the Phisition to good vse and purpose.

Of Liricumfancie.

LIricumfancie, or as other iudge May Li∣lie, for resemblāce alike: It hath his flowre

verie white. In Gréeke it is called Ephemeron, for his short continuance and daylie dying. As also there is a little kinde of beast in the Riuer Hipanis of that name, as Aristotle recordeth, which liueth but onely one daye, and dieth at night: so ordained of God and prouided of Na∣ture: herein to learne and teache vs that all things created & made, haue their ende: some with long looking for it, other some haue it as sodenly, and as short: And to enforme vs fur∣ther, that euerie thing hath not a like end. No, infinite things there are, that haue no propor∣tion, or séeme not to be (although they be) con∣ference & comparison being once had, the one with the other.

Of Licorise.

LYcorise, is so saide especially through the Greeke word for that it hath a sweete roote. Gluen in Greeke is interpreted swéete. It is not onelye swéete, but it is also moyst, insomuch that if slaketh the thirst.

Of the Malew.

THe Malew hath that preheminence, that it molifieth, and loseneth all hardnesse of the inward parts & bowels of the belly: as Isidor sheweth, whose lyquor or iuice sayth he, being

contempered with any clammy Oyle, and be∣ing annoynted vpon any mans body, he can∣not be stung with Bées.

Of the Mandrake.

THe Mandrake sayth Diascorides, of some is called Circea. For that the Poets faig∣ned, that C••rce the Witch or Sorceresse vsed it in hir amorous and delicious drincks. It bea∣reth sayth Isidore, an Apple of swéete smell, which of some is called the Apple of the earth. The Poets call it Anthropomorpheos, for that it hath his roote in y^e earth in figure like to a mā. Whose roo••e being boyled with wine, and gi∣uen the pacient to drinke, the Surgion forth∣with casteth the Pacient into a dead sléepe. There is of this both Male and Female. The Male is of ••ike leaf to the Béete. The Female to the Lett••se.

Of Maioram.

MAioram sweete, or Maiorā gentle, tooke his name of a certaine Kinges wayting Boy, which in fetching his Lord certain oynt∣ments at the Apothecaries, by chaunce (whilest he bare them) had a fall, & so by the spilling of euerie eche of them (meeting togither by their flowing, and by such confusion) a meruellous

swéete smell was made, which as they say, this Maioram representeth.

Of the Mastick tree.

THe Mastick tree, distilleth and droppeth a certaine teare or Gum: and that kinde of gum which is in working very dry, & emptieth the head of all moysture, and al other superflui∣ties, as Diascorides sayth.

Of the Marigolde.

THe Marigolde of Manardus is called Ly∣simachia. Ruellius calleth it Woodwaxen, it groweth in Medowes and Pastures like to Brome, so bitter that no beast liuing will eate thereof. Other will haue it called Lostriffe or Herbe Willow. It beareth a red flower: It being put saith Diascorides into the fire, sen∣deth forth that kinde of smoke that is noysome to Serpents, and driueth away Flies.

Of Molin or Longwort.

MOlin or Longwort, is one kinde of that Herbe, which in Greeke is called Phlamos, another of that is the Primrose. Of some it is taken for the Rosecampin. It hath a long roote, a white flower, & somewhat wanne. Aristotle sayth, that this is the fishes deadly destruction,

or they coueting to taste hereof, by the power of his working, are weakned and brought low insomuch that they thereby for the most part, léese their life.

Of the Mulberie tree.

THe Mulberie tree hath a soueraigne red colour in fruit bearing: whervpō in Gréeke it is called Moros, which signifieth red or ruddie coloured. There is saith Theophrast y^e Egyp∣tian Mulberie tree that is not much vnlike ours in the Gardaine: but it hath a singula•• maner by it selfe in fruite bearing, for neyther vpon his bough, neyther yet vpon his leafe, it beareth fruit but onely beneath out at his bo∣die, in the bignesse of our Fig. But forasmuch as it lacketh his inward Karnell (which other fruites haue) it is somewhat slack in hastning toward ripenesse, and is neuer mature or mel∣low, vntill such time as it be pressed and chafed with Iron Instruments, such as they haue in Aegypt. Which kinde of fruit being on this wise vsed as it were the space of foure dayes, it wareth ripe by and by, and in the eating is ve∣rie pleasant.

Of the Mushrom.

THe Mushrom or Toadstoole, in Gréeke is called Mokéton, in Latine Fungus. It hath two sundrie kinds, and they both differ in good∣nesse, for the one may be eaten: the other is not to be eaten, but is deadly to eate. The first also eftsoones by other meanes, not of himselfe, but taking it of another, becommeth poysonous or deadly. Diascorides saith, that this thing som∣time commeth to passe through neighborhoode and feloship either of rustie Iron, or Nayles: or else sometime by rotten and filthie Ragges cast among them, and consumed to dust: some∣time also by harbouring Serpents, such as are all venemous: somtime also through the next neighbourhoode of venemous and infectuous Plants, and so forth.

Of Mint.

MInt is an Herbe of sweete smell and is of two sorts the one of the Gardaine, y^e other of the field. The Latines cal it Calaminthus. Isaac sayth, that it stoppeth and stencheth all kinde of swellings.

Of Milfoile.

MYlfoile of some Yarrow or Nosebleede, is a small and short set or shrub. It hath his leafe like to the Birdes feathers. They are de∣uided

by cuttes, and are sharpe also like the Cummin. Diascorides sayth, it is profitable to stay eruption of bloud.

Of the Mirhe tree.

THe Mirhe tree sayth Plinie, groweth in the pastures and woods of Arabia, whose leafe is much like to the Oliue, but more sharp and thornie. It hath boughes like to the Iuni∣per. It is in his growth aboute fiue Cubittes high. It distilleth drops out of his side, or body, both bitter & gréene, which some cal sweating. Isidore saith, that the best of it commeth by re∣solution and loose giuing within it selfe. And that he sayth is a great deale more precious, which commeth forth and issueth of his owne accorde, than that which cōmeth by stroke and Iron Instrument violentlye brought forth. Dead bodies annointed with this distillation, are sayde to be preserued from corruption or rottennesse.

Of the Myrt tree.

THe Myrt tree sayth Isid. was first called Myrtus, for y^t it groweth most commonly nigh to the Sea shore. It is one of the odori∣ferous kind, or sort, those I meane which haue swéete sent or smell. Diascorides sayth that it

repaireth and refresheth anewe olde wearied members.

Of the Nettle.

THe Nettle is a burner, & is called Vrtica, of the actiue verbe Vro: as Isid. saith. It is of firie and extreme hote burning nature, bur∣ning with handling of it onely. And when as it hath once done with burning as much as it will: it straight wayes causeth ytching, to the intent that the place being scratched might swell y^e more. Which ill wéede is not through this his dealing one waies hurtfull to a man, but many waies. Yet it hath in it saith Dias∣corides somewhat praise worthy: for it is sin∣guler (so as it may be vsed) to stench bloud.

Of Nightshade.

NIghtshade of y^e Egyptians is called Alle∣to in Greke Struchnos, the Romaines cal it Batrachium some other Solanum. His leafe is somewhat like Percelie. Diascorides saith it helpeth the burning and inflation of the sto∣mack. With this the valiaunt Beggers and moste cunning in that their daylie craft, (craft it maye be well called and taken in the worst part) doe make their flesh séeme rawe and ran∣cored, as often as they will, to the intent men

may pittie them the more, and giue them the sooner their Almes: whereas peraduenture, they be as whole & as lustie as those that haue pittie of them in verie déede. But here we may perceiue there is a counterfayting almost in e∣uerie thing. They therefore to beguile men, thus vse it. With this they chafe their legges, their armes and other partes also where they will, till it blister and breake the s••inne, & ha∣uing so done for a time it sheweth a meruelous ill looke. And so I warrent you to that looke they, for their partes, can counterfaite as good. In most places in England it is called Gold-knappe ••r yelowe Crace, for the golden colour of his frute,

Of the Nut tree

THe Nut tree may be called & that very apt∣lie, an iniurious & vnquiet neighbour. It hurteth the fruits next to him by all meanes, both with his shadow, with dropping ill teares or humors from out his leaues vpon them and also with his roote. Insomuch that by al waies it vexeth and hindreth the next to him. Isidore saith they may all generally and with one and the same name be called Nuts, whose fruite is hid and kept vp in huske or shale: As the wal∣nut, the Chestnut, the Almond and the like.

Of the Nimphes tree

THe Nymphes tree of the Gréekes is called Lotos, it is of excéeding gret height, very soft & tender in barke. In fruit it is like the Che∣rie, as swéete and as smal also. Cardane saith, that Neptunes Daughter a Nymph, fléeing from Priapus, was turned into this trée, and therevpon it had first his name. There is an Herbe also of this name, which the Poets ima∣gin and faigne, that whosoeuer eateth thereof shall so be in attendance vpon Venus and vp∣pon hir Court Ladies, that he shall not be able to moue from the place where he so tarieth or resteth in.

Of the Oliue tree.

THe Oliue is a kinde of tree had in muche price amongest the Auncients for his pea∣sible and concordant nature. Insomuch that the olde Romaines (as in their Histories and Chronicles doth appeare) were neuer woont to send their Legates or Embassadours eyther to aske and require peace: or else to offer and pro∣claime peace with their outward enimies, w^t∣out smal braūches hereof borne in their hands. Remigius saith, it is for a token of signe or at∣tonement and couenant made betweene God

and man. As then especially when as y^e Doue fléeing forth of Noe his Arke, fetched first and formost to him a small twig hereof. Plinie sayth, in his .xv. booke, that the valiant and no∣blest vanquishers in the Citie of Athens in olde time were honoured and crowned with the Oliue. The same Authour also recordeth, that there be diuers kindes hereof. There is al∣so a certaine iuice of this Oliue, as Isidore saith, which the more new and fresh that it is, the better it is. There is also the wilde Oliue like to the other, but that it hath a more broade Leafe.

Of the Oke.

THe Oke is called y^e sound bodied tree, and his principalitie is in long life & endurance. It is sayd that Mambra that trée, was a kinde of Oke, vnder which Abraham dwelt which continued and endured many hundred yeares, euen from his time to Constantines the king and Emperour. His fruite is commonly cal∣led the Acorne.

Of the Oleander.

OLeander, in Gréeke Naerion y^e Latines call it Rhododendrum. It is thought to be a trée inleaf like to y^e Almond trée, but at the end

somewhat more sharpe. In flower it is like the Rose, and beareth fruite with shale, as the Almonde: within his shale are fat and full seedes, as soft to féele to as purple silk. His leaf or lint of flower being eaten of cattaile is their cause of death.

Of the Onyon.

THe Onyon hath al his strenght and man∣ner of working in his roote or head, & there∣fore it is called Cepa in Latin, for that all his profit is placed in y^e head. At one yeres growth it taketh no great proufe, neither doth it séeme to ryot vntill suche time as it is plentifull in yéelding séede.

Of Orchanet or wilde Buglosse

ORchanet, of the Romaines & Gréekes is called Anchusa. Some of our countriemen translate it wilde Buglosse. It hath his leafe sharp set and thornie. This roote saith Diasco. hath that kind of iuice, that being wroong out, dieth in a manner a sanguine colour.

Of the Orenge tree.

THe Orenge tree wherof Mantuā so much maketh mention of, in his Eglogs: is first reported to be brought from the Medes, wher∣of

is thought to arise this Latine worde Ma∣lus Medica. The Gréekes call it Kédromela, for that his fruite is in smell, not much vnlike to the Ceder. The Orenge sayth Diascorides, helpeth and remedieth all venome. And so the Poet meaneth, whereas he sayth: And hereof is the soules best nourishment. This trée is at all seasons of y^e yeare fruit bearing or fruit∣full: insomuch that it is neuer found without fruit, but after a diuers sort in their ••ualitie & maner: for when the first of their fruit is mel∣low, and readie ripe: then the second you shall espie gréene and sower: and the thirde newe blosoming and in flower. So that as the first is plucked off: the residue one after another hasten to rypenesse, the first to the thirde hys poynt: the thirde to the seconde, and that, that is not (but in possibilitie and power is) then springing forth.

Of Organnye.

ORgannye of some wilde Maioram. His roote is like the Rape, ruddie within, and without verie blacke. Diascorides sayth, that if his roote be stamped and mixt with Uiniger, that itis a singuler Medicine, and remedieth the bighting and eating of Spiders.

Of the Palme tree.

THe Palme tree, is bespred with boughes plentifullye, and the same in a maner re∣sembling the small lynes in our hande. It is of indifferent heigth, swift in shooting forth, and in his growth, kéeping and retayning still his Leafe without fall (which thing the most of all other kindes doe not) but haue yearely at one time of the yeare the fall of their leafe. The Greekes in their language call it Phoenix, fet∣ched & borrowed as I think, from Phoenix the Birde of Arabie, which is said to be of so long life or continuance. Plinie sayth, that there is hereof both Male and Female.

Of Papirus or the Rushe of Aegypt.

PApirus or the Rush of Aegypt, and Siria, in length is reported to be ten Cubits. It groweth in the Fen and Marshie groundes. Of this was Paper at the first made, as hys name yet seemeth to testifie. This kinde of Rush being well dryed, is the fire his best nou∣rishment: with this also in Aegypt and Siria, they make Candelles and Torches (euen as we) with out wi••ke and cotton.

Of the Peare tree.

THe Peare tree as Isidore witnesseth, is cal∣led Pyrus, for that it is in his fashion and kinde of growth, Piramidall or firelike, brode aboute the middle of the bodie, but at the top Arrow headed, or Pinnaclelike. It hath but one name, for many and sundrie his kindes. There is in a certaine Towne in Italie called Crustiminium that kinde of Peare, which is as red as bloud in one of his sides, and in the reasidue otherwise.

Of Pearserthnut.

PEarserthnut of many in english, in Gréeke in called Astragalos. The▪ Romaines call it Ficus terrae, the Fig of the earth. In maner of growth it séemeth to be but a small and verie short shrub. It is in leafe and braunch bearing like to Cicer his roote: of the Phisitions it is sayde to be by many wayes medicinable, as to stay and stench bloud, & the like. But it is very hard and scarcely able to be beaten to poulder.

Of Penroyall.

PEnroyall of some Chrusitis of others Iu∣piters beard: of others it is thought to be a kind of Calamint. It hath lockes verie like I∣sope:

The Gréekes amongest them by their maner of name and worde giuing (as we may interpret) séeme to call it golden Hearbe. His roote is a great binder, & causeth excessiue heate. Plinie cōmendeth it for this one thing aboue all other herbs: For that it being hung vp in y^e larderhouse, either by braunch, or otherwise, in the midst and depth of Winter, yet for all that buddeth forth his yelow and golden Flower.

Of the Pine tree.

The Pine tree is called holdfast or pitchie tre. It is sayde to sweate, and to droppe forth Pitch. Theophrast saith, that this kind of tree furdereth and agreeeth with al other their na∣tures whatsoeuer, as also the Fig tree doth the contrarie. It beareth that fruite which we call the Pine Apple. At the first it is very raw and grene, but being ripened, it cōmeth most nigh to the Chesnut his colour.

Of the Pionie.

THe Pionie had his name first of a ••ertaine Phisicion whose name was Peon as Isid•• reporteth. Some call it Penterobina for his number of graynes. Other some call it fiuefin∣gred leafe, for y^e fingers likenes. Auicen saith, that there is of this both Male & Female. The

Male saith he, druncken in Wine helpeth the Opilacion of the Splene.

Of the Pepper tree.

THe Pepper tree groweth in Indie, and vpon the side of the hill Caucasus right op∣posit to the Sunne. His leafe is much like the Iunipers leafe. It groweth amongst the Gro∣ues and Woods, such as the Serpents inhabit: But to be frée from any their kinde of enda∣maging, the inhabitants of that countrie saith Isidore, when the fruites hereof ripen, doe set the whole Groue on fire, and by that meanes the deadly Serpents flie, and are driuen away. So that the sire hath two effectes in so wor∣king: the one to their terrour and feare: the other to make black and becolour the Carnels as it were most browne: when as both they and y^e residue of their fruit by naturall growth and proper colour are all white. It taketh also of this fiering, not onely blacke colours, but wrinckles also, as we may sée vpon his vpper skin. They that will be Craftes maysters in this marchandise, haue proufe of both olde and new thus. If it be light, they iudge it olde: if more weightie, then take they it to be newe. But herein sometime the Merchants play the verie Marchants. For they intermeddle now

and then amongst their olde Pepper the froth or sinders of Siluer or Leade, and such like, to make it waye heauie.

Of Phleum.

PHleum sayth Theophrast, is in his leafe verie fertile, and in a maner fleshly. It is of great stocke, and as small of heigth. It hath a certaine influence and more plentifull meane of encrease of the Stars which be called Plea∣des: And therefore it may be said that it is cal∣led Phleum It giueth orderly leafe after leafe as they fall away.

Of the Plane tree.

THe Plane tree in Gréeke is called Platos, for his bredth and plainenesse of leafe. Zerxes the King of moste mightie power had this in admiration aboue al other trees, insomuch that he fell in loue with it, and at such time as other hastned him, & made preparance through him to battaile, yet he would somwhile slack vnder this tree, and spende there the most parte of the day. He departing also from thence by motion and trauaise of bodie (yet still permanent there in his minde) would leaue behind him pledges and tokens of his loue: Armelets, Chaynes, embrodered aray, which he for testimonie one∣ly

of his loue, hoong vp vpon the Boughes.

Of Piperitis.

PIperitis the Herbe of Castor the Phisition, was saide to be effectuous in remedying and helping the falling sicknesse.

Of the Pomegranet.

THe Pomegranet, is of some called the good kernell Aple. It hath in his round set and proportiō of skin, a multitude of small kernels. Isaac saith, that this being immoderatly taken engendreth vexations & griefes, inwardly and outwardly.

Of Persely.

PErsely, is a Gardaine herbe and vsed much with Cookes in dighting & setting out their meates, as often also to farce and stuffe here w^tall. It had his name as the Latin word gi∣ueth for growing on stony & rocky places. Di∣asco. saith that his séede may be kept ten yeres without losse of operation. There are diuers kinds hereof: but that of Macedony is coun∣ted the best.

Of Plantaine.

PLantaine of some is called Lāmes tongue: his leafe is verye plaine but sinowie, after

the likenesse of this Herb•• was once the attire of the high Priest made. It remedieth and hel∣peth the byting and swelling of mad Dogges.

Of Popie.

POpie or Chesboule is in one sorte, of the gardaine, in another of the fielde. This of many is takē in Bread, for better healths sake. It causeth slepe: and driueth away watchings, as sayth Diascorides. Therfore Diagoras the Philosopher, a man most vigilaunt and studi∣ous, when as other vsed it, he would not take it, no not then, when as he had taken to much vpon him by studie & watching: least he there∣by should accustome him selfe to fall frō his old woont: yet Mnesidem{us} another Philosopher, woulde eftsoones vse to smell hereof, and to re∣ceiue of the iuice purposedly to prouoke sléepe.

Of the Plumb tree.

THe Plumb tre, hath many & diuers kindes, although but one name for all▪ But his chiefest and principall kinde is the Damascen, brought forth first oute of a certaine place or towne called Damascum, where it first grew.

Of Polipodecke or Okeferne.

POlipodecke or Okeferne, groweth on the toppes of Okes and walles. It being rost in the Carcasse of an Hen saith Auicen, reme∣dieth the griefe of the guttes.

Of Purslane.

PVrslane, is an Herbe in colour very fresh, and gréene. Plinie sayth, y^t it being chawed and kept a while betwene the téeth, doth make the loose teeth hard, and setteth them fast again.

Of the Quince tree.

THe Quince tree is in Latin called Cydo∣nia Malus of Cydon a certaine towne in Cr••te. Cato was the first that called it Co∣tonea, for that his Apple or fruite is all o∣uer apparailed with a certaine kinde of wooll called Coton. With the Germaines it is cal∣led Quittenbaum. Amongst the Germaines it is most rife, and groweth in colde and moyst places. Manye thinke that this is that fruit which the Poets call golden Apple: in Gréeke Chrusomela. Lonicer sayth, that the iuyce of the raw Quince helpeth them that haue their winde or breath stopped: and which haue no good digestion in meate taking.

Of Reede.

REede is halfe take with the Herbe and trée, but in force or growth, aboue the Herbe. And nothing in strength to the trée his compa∣rison: It is all without very smooth and plain, within like an emptie vessell. It is caried and bent on euery side with the wind. Isidor saith, that it tooke his name of soone & sodain chaunge in his aray. Arundo sayth he is deriued out of the Adiectiue Aridum, for that it so spedily dri∣eth and withereth.

Of the Rose.

THe Rose sayth Theophrast, (although it hath but one name for so sundrie kindes) yet it is knowen well inough in his kindes, ei∣ther by number and accoumpt of leafe, either else by sharpenesse, lightnesse, colour, or smell. They of this kinde for the most part haue fiue leaues: there are some found that haue .xij. o∣ther some .xx. other some haue farre many mo. There be also sayth he, which bene called hun∣dreth Leaues. Whereof many came from Phi∣lippos, which being first brought from Pan∣geus the verie armehole or elbow of Thrace, are now set and do grow in many other places Those be saith he of most swéete smell, which growe in Cyrena: and hereof is made with the Apothicaries a moste swéete confection or

Ointment. In Cyrena also there is the best Uiolet, and that which is of pure smell.

Of Rosemarie.

ROsemarie by his Latin name, should seme to haue bene called in y^e former time, whol∣some Herbe. His leafe is somwhat like Fenel, but more sharpely ended, and grosse about. It can not be soone reckened, to howe many & sun∣drie vses and purposes it serueth to.

Of Rue.

RVe is called the Medicinable Herbe: and especially there where as excessiue heate is found. For it is sayd to be most whote. There is hereof both that of the Gardaine, and of the field. They say that in this Herbe it is taught vs, how the enuenoming of Serpents may be holpen: for that such things liuing as haue a doe with Serpents, doe first arme themselues with this Herbe, before they encounter wyth them. Plinie sayth, that the Weasell hauing well knowen the effect and sorce of this Herbe, at the meeting of the Cockatrice (hauing first eaten hereof) goeth forth quietly, and encoun∣••teth with him, and so vanquisheth him.

Of Saffron.

Saffron saith Isidore, was first named in Latin Crocus, of a certain town in Cicilie called Coritium, wheras it is especially most aboundant, although plentifull in many other places. Many things saith he tooke their name of the first place wheras thy grew. It hath this soueraigntie or best goodnesse, in that that by whole winters long, it kéepeth his gréene co∣lour, & leaseth it not, whatsoeuer cold nipping wether, or tempest can do to appall it. In sum∣mer it suffereth the leafe to wither, & in midde Autumne it taketh it freshly againe: and gi∣ueth then his fruit in a soft and tender heade.

Of Sauin.

SAuin, is one of those kindes which all the whole winter time weareth his greene cote, and beareth leafe all seasons of the yeare. It is often vsed of Phisicions to fomentacion, and especiallie to remedie and help all griefs in the inward partes and bowels.

Of Saxifrage.

SAxifrage is called the stone killing herb for that his operation is such, that it dissolueth and weareth away all sand and grauell which taketh roote in the bladder.

Of Scammony.

SCammony of the Latins Colophonia, in Gréeke Skammonia: it hath a leafe like I∣uie, but softer and in figure and shewe most like to the Triangle: It beareth a white flow∣er. Diascorides saith, that it is giuen to purge and deliuer from colour, and saith he so it doth but it commonlye leaueth a worse matter be∣hind it.

Of Saint Iohnes seale.

SAaint Iohnes seale, of Ruellius Salomōs seale: of Manardus, Saint Maries seale: of Iohn Agricola fraxinella or scala Caeli, in looke & appearance is like y^e Laurel: in tast like the Quince. Diascorides saith that there groweth betwene euerie leafe many flowers of white colour, and in great number.

Of Spikenarde.

SPikenarde sayth Plinie, giueth name to many kinds. Spica nardi or Spikenarde, is onely supposed to come out of Indie. It is so called saith Isidor, for that his leaf is gathered swimming aloft in the flouds, and streames of Indie, without eyther roote or stalke. Which leafe they finding, doe pierce and prick it, and do lay it vp to drie. They say that there is a leaf in Paradice much like to this Mardus. There

is one growing also in Indie, another in Si∣ria. This last being kept awhile in the mouth dryeth vp the tongue and saliuous humor.

Of stonie Sage or Wall sage.

STony Sage or Wall sage, which most com∣monly groweth vpon the Tyles of housen, or vpon the top of Walles, of some is called Heraclea. The Mages after their language call it Titans bloud, or the Scorpions taile. Some call it Oxes eie. It hath a Leafe like Sage: and groweth plentifully amongst the Sandes. The best vertue of this is sayth Di∣ascorides, to séeke and search to the bottom of all maymes and woundes.

Of Sycomore.

SYcomore or foolish Fig trée, in leafe is like the Mulberie tree: In other poynts, it is the selfe same with the Fig. It hath a milkie kinde of iuyce or humor, many a time séene at the Leafe his ende. It hath Graines within his fruite as the Fig trée hath: But this to be most merueiled at, for that it neuer ripeneth vntill it be stroken with an Iron instrument.

Of the Thorne tree.

THe Thorn tree is armed about with Dart and sting. And therefore Isidore will haue it named Spina, quasi speculis septa: as you would say, befenced with sting. It is vsed with vs as for his best worthinesse to enclose, and to be a defence and a partour of our neighbour his ground and ours.

Of Terebull.

TErebull, is the Leafe of an Herb in Indie, which swimmeth about in Pooles & Dit∣ches, without any roote that is séene. Those of Mauritania and of Greece call it Malaba∣thrum. Whereof commeth a most precious, and swéete Oyle. Cardane sayth, that it so cō∣forteth a man, that the verie Leafe being taken then, when as a man is in griefe and vexation either of minde or of bodie, it staieth or quieteth him, yea although he be in a swoune or dying.

Of Tragion.

TRagion saith Diascorides, onely Crete & Cicilie bringeth forth. It hath his bough, séede and leafe like to the Mastix tree, but not altogither so great. It floweth and distilleth that humor that is like gumme. With this as with Dictamus (whereof we spake before) the Goates & Deere of Crete being once woū∣ded,

helpe and remedie themselues, and then especially, if it be by Arrowe or Dart, sticking fast in their Ribs, they so loosen it by this harts tongue or Cetract. And Diascorides sayth, that al haruest time his leaues smel rammish∣ly, in maner like the Goate, and this groweth vpon the hilles and loftie places. There is an herbe also of this name which some call Scor∣pion, the Romaines and Gréekes Tragos.

Of the tree of Paradise.

THe trée of Paradise saith Cardane, is of short life, for the second yeare his bodie dri∣eth vp and waxeth barraine: It beareth fruit like a cluster of Grapes, but in bignesse of an Apple. It is couered with a yelow coate, & his leafe is very long & broad, for the which it is of so short life, for that which is great and grosse hath néede of great humour, & that also which goeth to much at riot: or else it by and by di∣eth.

Of Trifolie.

TRifolie, or three leaued Herbe, as the word or name may be general to all such as haue onely but three Leaues: so is there a certaine fruit or Herbe so properly called. Of some it is called short vine, of y^e Egyptians Epaphu.

It is of swéete smell. It groweth sayth Dias∣corides, in a shadowie and darke place: His flower is purpled & Circlelike, his séede dronc∣ken in Wine is much medicinable.

Of Turbit.

TVrbit whose Leafe is like the Laurell, groweth in Aegypt, and is not the same which men think, they receyue at the Apothe∣caries hands: It is giuen to purge fleume. It is said (being drunken in Uiniger) to remedie the byting and stinging of the Aspis: for the which there are but fewe remedies.

Of Wake Robin.

WAke Robin the Syrians call Lupha. It is leaued in figure like the Dragon: In his stalke it is purpled. It giueth a sharpe set stomacke inough to digest, and to satisfie Na∣tures desire, being once taken.

Of Walwort.

Walwort the Gréekes cal Symphyton whose heygth is commonly two cubites: his leafe is rifted like Buglosse, his roote and ne∣ther shewe black: but within very white and oylie: It helpeth and putteth away bloud spit∣ting.

Of wild borage.

WIlde Borage or Alcibiadiō is that herb that Alcibiades vsed to paint his face with. The Latins cal it Alcibiacū, it hath his leafe, white, & is wrought like Orchanet: his best is sayth Diascorides, for that it helpeth ach and anguish of the Lungs.

Of wilde Rue.

WIlde Rue or woodsage in Latine Poli∣monion. It hath smal stalkes saith Di∣ascorides in a maner like a birdes Fether: his leafe is a little bigger than our Rue. It hath a tuft which is full of black séedes. They say, that if it be applied to any part of a man, No Scorpion can sting or wounde him: or if she doth, it can not hurt him.

Of Veruen.

VEruen, of some after their language is called Holy Herbe. The Mages call it Iu∣noes teare, or Mercuries moyste bloud. The Romaines Cockes combe. It groweth only in the waters, and is thought to be that Herbe which in Greeke is called Peristeon, bicause the Doues being in companie and in their flight, séeke after their foode at this Herbe.

Of the Violet.

THe Violet is in two kindes: white & pur∣pled. His best goodnesse is in a sweete kind of smel, & especially that Violet which grow∣eth (as we saide before) in Cirena. Some say that there is a kinde of Violet lyke Honie. Looke howe much the more effectuous or good in working this his flowre is: so much y^e more it is saide to holde downe his head, and to bow and bende his bodie downward, to the earth.

Of Wintergreene.

WIntergreene of the Mages is called Wolues heart, so to translate it. The Sirians call it Merida. The Frenchmen Iu∣niper. The Latines after theirlanguage, black Lingwort or the earths leafe, it is like to our Béete. His seede sayth Diasc. taken in wine, helpeth the grief of the inward bowels.

Of Woodbinde.

WOodbinde of the Mages is called Ve∣nus haire. Of the Egyptians Tucon. It is a humile and weake kinde of shrub, and hath his leafe sayeth Diascorides, one set a good way off from another. It twineth like a thréede or line, about other herbes and fruits,

and is a hinderaunce to their prosperitie and growth. They say that if it be drunken .xxxvj. dayes togither, it causeth a barraine and vn∣fruitfull nature: further it helpeth the Feuer intermedled with Oyle.

Of Woodherbe.

WOodherbe after the Latin translating, in Greeke Kaetaphysis, it hath a leafe lyke Crowfoote and groweth about in the groaues and fieldes as plentifully & as thick as grasse. It being stamped saith Diascorides, and mixt with y^e brawne of anie thing liuing, remedieth & cureth Ulcers and Biles. It is also said, that if it be brought home whilest it is fresh, and bestrewed about the house, to prohibit and let the Flées of their engendring.

Of the Willow tree.

THe Willow tree in Latin is called Salix a Saliendo, for his swift skipping and com∣ming vp. The best prayse that it hath giuen him is, for that the more he is powled and cut downe, the better a greate deale he prospereth. His second praise is for ministring oftentimes meate to the Cattaile.

Of the Yewe tree.

THe Yewe tree in Greke is called Smilax, the Romaines call it Taxus. It is in bignesse of leafe like the Firre trée. Diascorides saieth, that it first grue in Carbonia a part of Italie and Spaine. It hath that secret maner of wor∣king, that whosoeuer sitteth or lyeth on sleepe vnder it, keatcheth no good thereby: for often∣times hurt hath come thereby, and somtimes also death. It was tolde vs of it saith Diasco∣rides, that we should auoide it by a certaine friende of ours, for feare of greater daunger. And Virgil in his Bucolickes warneth and chargeth the shepeherds of his time, that they should not suffer their shéepe to féede neyther vnder this, neyther vnder the Iuniper tree, neyther vnder those trees whose shadowe is hurtfull. As in his Georgickes he warneth also, how the swarmes of Bees should be kept away in any case from the Yewes of the Isle of Cirse or Corsica in this verse and the like.

Et tua Cyrneas fugiant examina Taxos. If that thou wilt thy Bees to be in weale and in good case Take heede of Cirsies Yewes I say and of that daungerous place.

And Plinie also in his naturall Historie and xvj. booke recordeth of this, that in Arcadie the Yewes are of that force to weakē and enfeble

the vitall powers in any man sléeping vnder them, that sometime he forthwith and present∣ly dieth. And Plutarch in his Sympose ren∣dreth the reason, for that the Braine being dis∣tempered with so noisome and deadly a sent or smell, causeth the rest of the head not to be well, but vndoeth his good setling, and all at once bereueth him of all. Thus saith Plinie it doth, whensoeuer any long tariance is made vnder it. But then doeth it especially cum∣ber and hurt, yea, most often kill, when as it newlye shooteth out and buddeth forth flowers.

FINIS.