Here begynneth a ryght frutefull treatyse, intituled the myrrour of good maners co[n]teynyng the .iiii. vertues, called cardynall, compyled in latyn by Domynike Mancyn: and translate into englysshe: at the desyre of syr Gyles Alyngton knyght: by Alexander Bercley prest and monke of Ely.

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Title
Here begynneth a ryght frutefull treatyse, intituled the myrrour of good maners co[n]teynyng the .iiii. vertues, called cardynall, compyled in latyn by Domynike Mancyn: and translate into englysshe: at the desyre of syr Gyles Alyngton knyght: by Alexander Bercley prest and monke of Ely.
Author
Mancinus, Dominicus, fl. 1478-1491.
Publication
[London :: Imprynted by Rychard Pynson, prynter vnto the kynges noble grace: with his gracyous pryuylege, the whiche boke I haue prynted, at the instance of Rychard yerle of Kent,
1518?]
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Subject terms
Conduct of life -- Early works to 1900.
Cardinal virtues -- Early works to 1800.
Link to this Item
http://name.umdl.umich.edu/A06808.0001.001
Cite this Item
"Here begynneth a ryght frutefull treatyse, intituled the myrrour of good maners co[n]teynyng the .iiii. vertues, called cardynall, compyled in latyn by Domynike Mancyn: and translate into englysshe: at the desyre of syr Gyles Alyngton knyght: by Alexander Bercley prest and monke of Ely." In the digital collection Early English Books Online. https://name.umdl.umich.edu/A06808.0001.001. University of Michigan Library Digital Collections. Accessed April 25, 2025.

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¶ Of Justyce.

IUstice / is a certayne decre / or ordynaunce* 1.1 Ryghtwyse and holy / belongyng to nature Cōmaundynge man to loue / to profyte / or auaunce To helpe and socour / eche humayne creature This iustyce conioyneth: bondes of loue so sure Bytwene all men mortall / that it onely certayne Doth preserue in order / or kepe lynage humayne
Demaunde nat yf that be / thynge of vtylyte* 1.2 Whiche Justyce cōmaundeth / for certesse without fable Nothynge it cōmaundeth / but ryght and equyte What euer it doth charge / is alway profytable The pryncipall partes / of Justyce moste laudable Is for to gyue honour / and laudes: as is due Aboue other thynges / vnto our lorde Jesu
Whiche of his great mercy / meke and beneuolent Hath gyuen vs hym selfe / to be our sauyour And all other thynges / for vs cōuement Wherfore we be boūdyn / of ryght hym to honour Without comparyson / before all vayne treasour And who that perfytly / fulfylleth nat the same Of a ryghtwyse person / deserueth nat the name
What man wyll enioy name / of a ryghtwyse man* 1.3 Must fyrste loue / and honour: deuout and constantly Our sauyour (as is sayd) as moche as euer he can And so must he loue god / with spyryt feruently That he of godd{is} loue / agayne may be worthy And dygnely deserue / by fauour to purchace Of our lorde and maker / his mercy and his grace
Thus shall our loue and seruyce / be to god acceptable* 1.4 If we to no person / do wronge nor iniury But be to all people / iust meke / and profytable Forso / god to man is / of infynyte mercy Which the sonnes bryghtnesse / to no man doth deny But suffreth it shyne / both on good man and yll Nat yeldynge mystyuers / after theyr fro warde wyll
The duty of one ryghtwyse / that man doth nat fulfyll* 1.5 Whiche is to no person / helpynge nor profytable Though he do to no man hurt / nother good nor yll For vertue requyreth / some warke or dede laudable It is nat contented / man nat to be culpable Of man is requyred / and asked of vertue Both to do good dedes / and all vyces eschewe

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We be nat borne onely / for our pryuate profyte* 1.6 But eche man is bounde / another for to socour For as prudent Plato / playne doth recorde and wryte One man for another / is borne euery hour And tyme to be redy / refusynge no labour To confort / to coūseyll / and socour one another Both true / glad / and redy / as brother vnto brother
Unresonable beastes / oft tymes do the same Than moche more shuld man: to man be profitable Or els: yf he be nat: he greatly is to blame That is a foule villayne / and chorle abhomynable Whiche to his owne {per}son / is onely charitable And on his onely {pro}fyte / doth onely muse and thynke Carynge for none other / whether they flete or synke
But one maner reason / nor yet one maner way* 1.7 To helpe one an other / is nat cōmon to all Eche man hath his maner / and power to puruay And helpe / other nedy / by confort frateruall Some man hath great ryches / he mar be lyberall The strong man hath power / weake wretches to defende The wyse man hath coūsyell / that shulde he wysely spende
In redressynge errours / informynge ignorant And openynge the passage / to vertue and goodnesse If thou canst nat socour / with wit / nor myght puyssan At leste way be redy / to confort with rychesse Or if thou want ryches / yet mayst thou neuerthelesse Confort the poore carefull / with counseyl or labour By one meane or other / so mayst thou gyue socour
Or yf thou fayle counseyl / or haue no good to spende* 1.8 At least thou hast courage / audacyte and myght From ryrannes extorcion / good people to defende And to bestowe thy blode in mayntenaunce of ryght This poynt moste conserueth the {per}son of a knyght For ryght / fayth and Justice / fatheries / wydowes good For maydes / kynge / and coūtre / boldly to spēdy his blod
To dye in suche quarell / is honour fame and glory Suche deth is mort immortall / and entrynge in to lyfe To hym and his lynagel {per}petuall memory Shulde a valyant knyght / for brede of speare or ••••yle Lose so great tryumphe / fame and prerogatye Who dare nat for Justyce / poore / fame / and glory tyght Ought certesse be counted / a cowarde and no 〈◊〉〈◊〉

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Besyde all these poyntes / yet wayes be thereo* 1.9 To socour and to helpe / the sicke / sory and poore As carefull confortynge / them easynge of theyro And whan hurt apperteth / warnynge a man before And some for theyr vyces / blamynge with wordes sore And some fayre exortynge / thus none is excusable Who none of all these hath / is wretched and myserable
But in doynge dutyes / or beynge profitable* 1.10 Moste chefely beholden / due ordre and degre For order obseruerd / all thynge is more laudable More comely and pleasant / that they shulde els be Fyrst do thou thy dutye to god omnypotent Next god: to thy coutey / be trewe and dylygent
To counseyll / to socour / and the same to defende So doynge: thou helpest thy selfe: ye and all thyne For thy lande and countrey / all these doth cōprehende And all these o the pery sshe / if it go to ruyne Than nexte helpe thy chyldren / and other of thy lyne* 1.11 But namely thy parent{is} / moste lefe and dere to the Than kynred and louers / eche after theyr degre
And whan thou hast proued / a frende feythfull and stable Whiche harde is to be founde / yet suche one ythou fynde Also be thou faythfull / sure / and nat varyable Tohym / as to thone parte / and kepar of thy mynde* 1.12 Nought may be compared / to frende louynge and kynde Thy chefe frende / is Jesu / whiche put for the his lyfe So wolde nat thy father / sone / doughter / nor thy wyfe
Despyse nat suche frend{is} / but haue thou moste pyte Ofsicke and aged / or opressed with nede And pouerte: syth suche haue moste necessite Therfore thou shulde namely / them cōfort / clothe & fede Thou must amonge these / consyder and take hede If any somtyme flowynge / in welthe and honestely e Be fall to pouertie / lyuynge in care pensyfe
With thyne owne eyen / beholde suche pytie* 1.13 And in thy roper person / them conforte and restore To theyr olde estate / as mothe as is in the Suche as in tyme passed / haue holpen the before Restore thou them agayne / nat lesse / but rather more For theyr one good dede / with two them recōpence This longeth to largesse / and hye magny syene

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Hesyodus the greke gaue this cōmaundement* 1.14 If thou wylt be counted / gentyll and lyberall Folowe fulsome feldes / abundant of frument Or a soyle wele bèaryng / frutefull and fayre with all Whiche alway be gentyll / in maner prodigall For one lytell measure of sede / or els twayne To theyr lordes rēdryng / a score doubled agayne
yet resteth one errour / which must be noted here* 1.15 Wherof thou must be ware / yf thou be cōmendable Uncouer nat the churche / ther with to mende the quere Spoyle nat a multytude / of people miserable To one or two persones / for to be profytable No vertue is lauded / which grounde is on vyce Of thyng stolne / accepteth our lorde no sacryfyce
Prouyde thou in lyke wyse / that whyle thou dost entende* 1.16 Ouer gentyll lyberall / benygne / courteyse and fre To many men to be / and all thy good thus spende Lest thy selfe begge of other / by harde necessyte For often in the worlde / this thyng prouyded wese That whan the prodygall / and waster hath all spent He beggeth or steleth / by wayes fraudulent
Or if he shame to begge / or feare to robbe or steale Than tourneth he to fraude / and crafty cheues aunce* 1.17 Of all men borowynge / on suretie / othe / or seale At last / hym with other / so bryngyng to vtteraunce Gyue the nat to rapyne: thyne honour to auaunce Thou shulde nat vyolate iustyce / in any thyng Though thou knowe therby / for to be made a kyng
It is nat full ynough / for one louyng iustyce* 1.18 For from hys mynde to cast / wrong and extorcyon But fraude and gyle / must he in lyke maner dispyce Fraude longeth to the foxe / and myght to the lyon Let bruyt beastes folowe / beastly condycyon Gyle / fraude / nor extorcion / belongeth in no wyse To men louyng vertue / good maners or Justyce
But among all people / no man is more damnable* 1.19 Than he which resembleth / a shepe forth in the skyn But by cruell purpose / and maners desceyuable He is in very dede / a ragyng wolfe within A man doth nat onely wrong▪ iniury / and syn In dedes: But in wordes / is also iniury Accusyng or slaundryng / the gylesse wrongfully

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Therfore refrayne thy selfe / frō wrong in worde & dede* 1.20 And speke that is ryghtwyse / playne trouth and equite In trouth styll defendyng / great is thy laude and mede So that thou nought worshyp / so moche as veryte Nor thynke thou nat / that trouth vyolate may be But that in lyke maner / both fayth and conscyence With trouth delyted / and suffreth vyolence
In trouth / though to wytnesse / man do nat call our lorde* 1.21 yet is he defender of trouth and wyllyngly And thus is he wytlesse: of hys owne accorde So / the trouth dyspysed / our lorde is semblably And if it be laufull / at any tyme to lye Or contrary the trouth / parchaunce it so may be More openly to trye / the trouth and veryte
And he parauenture / is worthy of pardon* 1.22 Whiche to kepe hys promyse / forbereth to say trouthe As if he constrayned / before to some person To kepe some thyng secrete / hath boūde hym self by othe Man to breke his promyse / most comonly is lothe For sure othe and promyse / requyreth great constaunce And couenauntes requyre / trouth and perseueraunce
I graunt that often tyme / suche chaunce & tyme may fall* 1.23 That to breake thy promyse / by othe affyrmed stable Is nat to be dampned / nor blamed nought at all But rather aloweth / of wyse men resonable As thyng promysed / to none is profytable To the lytell auayle / and great dommage to me No syn if suche promyse / nat parfourmed shal be
Theseus shulde haue / desyred that Neptune* 1.24 Wolde haue broken promyse / & made his word vnstable Whan he with wylde horses / for cause nat oportune Drewe Ipolytus / to deth most myserable Accused of Phedra / and nat beyng culpable As innocent Joseph / in Egypt was some tyme Of a quene accused / herselfe in all the cryme
If ought be cōmytted / to the in pryuete* 1.25 Or in secrete counsell / do nat the same dysclose As thy selfe wolde haue / one secret vnto the So thy selfe order / in mynde and tonge purpose Do nat doutfull wordes / within thy mynde cōpose Whiche vttred may be cause / of anger or dyscorde But playne cōmon langage frequent at euery worde

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Speke so / that none constrerthy wordes frowardly* 1.26 Or if thou haue no cause to speke / than kepe scylence For a chattryng tonge / and bablyng busely Hath often tyme raysed / great inconuenience Agayne it selfe and other / cōmyttyng great offence By wordes superflue / a fole is knowen playne Where wyse men by reason / theyr tonges can refrayne
If thou haue cōmitted / at any tyme to the* 1.27 Cure of a cōmon wele / to chastyce euery vyce Or if thou haue housholde / or meyny in plente Be bolde transgressours / for fautes to chastyce And among them alway / to gyde the by iustyce For it is no praysyng / to be to fauorable Nor yet to be counted / a tyran intretable
For whyle thou hast tyll one / immoderate pyte By loue or neglygence / or parciall fauour* 1.28 Thou causyst many syn / by wylde aud acyte yet / nought dost thou profyte / that one in his errour But many dost thou hurte: Thy cause is hard and sour For what many syuneth / by thy remyse sufferance Thy selfe art in faute / and worthy vengeance
And for all theyr fautes / by ryght / art thou culpable* 1.29 And for theyr offences / shalt byde punicion But heed offycers / to suche are fauorable Whom they nat wyll chastyce / for theyr transgression Fauour / is a mylde rod of execucion Of lawe / ryght and iustice / some iuges mankyng blynde That they seynge iustyce / wyll it nat se nor fynde
Oft iustyce is closed / and captyue in pryson Within thre folde dores / that no man may hese Mede fauour / and feare / denyeth her raunsom So kepynge her oftyn / styll in captyuyte And oft these by fauour / set her at lyberte To wander at her wyll / in places reprouable Her eyen blyndfeid: by meanes disceyuable
More playnly to pronounce / lawe hath no lyberte Without mede or money / or fauour parcyall* 1.30 But feare / oft her kepeth / in wrong captyuyte In stede of trewe iustyce / these gouerne ouerall For soth he subuerteth / great cyties pryncipall And cōpanyes of men / which blyndly spareth vyce Nat scourgyng mysdoers / by lawe / ryght and iustyce

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As he soone subuerteth / olde townes of great name* 1.31 Whyche opyneth the gates / to foes vyolent And casteth on houses / great fyre lyghtnyng in flame So iuges forgyueng / deserued punysshment Subuerteth great townes / and cyties excellent Suche ought nat be called / prynces nor cytyzens But most mortall foes: and mayteners of syns
yet is it nat laufull / in payne to passe measure* 1.32 Or rage in punysshment / as tyran intretable Syth frayle vnto trespas / is all humayne nature A fayre mean is measure: in all thyng cōmendable Wherfore in chastysyng / be nat to vngeable Unmercyfull and sharpe / as ioynyng in thy rage Of anothers ruyne / confusion and dommage
But punysshe as one pensyfe / nat wyllyng / but dolent* 1.33 As both for to punysshe / constrayned to the same And sorowe that synners / deserue suche punysshement With so great transgression / hurtyng theyr soule & name If many trespassers / be all as one to blame And in one cause and cryme / be all in lyke culpable Let nat one eschape the / another byde in stable
Let thou nat one go fre / an other pay for all* 1.34 Or these lesse trangressour / haue greattest punysshment Murther nat one wretche / of wyt and substance small Promotyng another / strong thefe / more vyolent This is no good iustyce / ryght / lawe / nor iugement* 1.35 Let one faut or forfaytethaue punysshment semblable Be egally to all / ryght wyse, or fauorable
Shewe the nat to some / in maner of a mother* 1.36 To some as a enmy / or foe most vyolent Though thou this day iuge / consyder that a nother Parchaunce shall to morowe / syt on thy iugement Endeuoyre the therfore / to be indyfferent Be nat to regorous / nor yet ouer remys But iuge thou with mercy / lyke as the mater is
Murder nat small theues / lettyng greatter theues go* 1.37 Without execucyon / for feere / fauor or mede So men say / the spyder / hath custome for to do With her webbes framed / of artyficyall threde To tangell lytell flyes / onely she taketh hede But if theyr come a hornet / a dore or greater flye They breake the lyght webbes / & so for the passe they fre

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Her webbes dependant / onely inuolueth in* 1.38 The small lyttell flyes / as dayly we may se Whose lyues doth perysshe / with murmur and small dyn Ryght so the symple wretche / lyueng in pouerte Hath rygour of the lawe / with most extremyte But the ryche tyran offendyng / passeth equyte Fre loused by the lawe / of wrong custume and ryte
O custome execrable / and greuous preiudyce So these thre fell tyrans / feare / money / and fauour Oft tymes vse to breake / the balans of iustyce The ryche fyndyng ryghtwyse / to poore gyueng rygour These thre blideth iustyce / which thyng is great dolour Which causeth poore wretches / theyr wrōges to be wayle Whyle the ryche is correcte / scant with a foxe tayle
What dyfference bytwene / a great thefe and a small Forsoth no more but this / to speke I dare be bolde The great sytteth on benche / in costly furres of pall The small thefe at barre / standeth tremblyng for colde The great theues are laded / with great chaynes of golde The small thefe with yron: chayned from all refuge The small thefe is iuged / oft tyme the great is iuge
If any haue trepased / agayne the wyllyngly* 1.39 Be nat ouer hasty / by cruell punysshment Let nat the punysshment / excede the iniury If it be so greuous / it is suffycient But the faut to pardon / if thou can be content Than art thou more ryghtwyse / benygne and charitable And to god thy maker / more dere and acceptable
Mercy maketh māhynde / to his maker most semblable* 1.40 And also to thy seruaūtes / whiche lyueth vnder the Be ryghtwyse and equall / in maner resonable Gyue them theyr dutye / and ryght with all pyte And nought of them requyre / but ryght and equyte Thynke seruaūtes be made / our bretherne by nature Wherfore ryght requyreth / to treat them in measure
And nat without reason / agayne them for to rage Them treatyng as beastes / syth they be men as we* 1.41 If theyr faute be greuous / and done of yll corage Or of froward malyce / cast them away fro the Or if theyr faute be small / than of them haue pyte Theyr long faythfull seruyce / se thou do nat dyspyse What man is so dyscrete / whyche alway can be wyse

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But nowe comprehendyng / all Justyce in one sōme And breuely concludyng / the bondes of iustyce If thou wylt be ryghtwyse / as requyreth wysdome Than must thou thy lyueng / order in this wyse Gyue god laude and glory / and let thyne hart aryse Most clefely in his loue / contynually brennyng Auoyde his displeasour / do after his byddyng
Next to thy neyghbour / or euery chrysten man Do thou no otherwyse / than thou wolde haue gladly Get goodes ryghtwysely / & whan thou hast thē: than Loue them nat ouer moche / but them bestowe wysely To reason of thy soule / make subiecte thy body Let hym with his lustes: be subiecte seruytour Refrayned from folly / by reason gouernour
Nowe haue we dyscrybed / the bondes of iustyce* 1.42 Moche thyng omittyng / bycause of breuyte Whiche asketh long processe / in meter to compryse Wherfore / nowe procedyng / endeuoyre vs shall we For to dyscrybe a man / of magnanimite And wryttyng / for to gyue cure / and solycytude To shewe what belongeth / to strenght or fortytude
¶ Thus endeth the dyscrypcion of the seconde cardynall Uertue / na myd Justyce / And be∣gynneth to be trea∣ted* 1.43 of the thyrde Cardynall vertue / called fortytude or magnanimite / or strenght of mynde

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