The consent of time disciphering the errors of the Grecians in their Olympiads, the vncertaine computation of the Romanes in their penteterydes and building of Rome, of the Persians in their accompt of Cyrus, and of the vanities of the Gentiles in fables of antiquities, disagreeing with the Hebrewes, and with the sacred histories in consent of time. VVherein is also set downe the beginning, continuance, succession, and ouerthrowes of kings, kingdomes, states, and gouernments. By Lodovvik Lloid Esquire.

OF THE ORIGINALL beginning of the Egyptians, and of their continuance: of their Kings and go∣uernments: why Egypt was called Oce∣ana, or Nilea.

NOwe I will goe from Assur the sonne of Sem, and followe Miz∣raim the sonne of Cham into E∣gypt: for from Chus and Mizra∣im came the Ethiopians and the Egyptians. After that Chus and Mizraim, and their children, at the building of Babel in the land of Shinear had come into Afrike, Chus went to Ethiopia with his companie, Mizraim possessed Egypt with all his familie: this Mizraim is called in histories Oceanus, after whose name E∣gypt was first named Oceana, though in the Scripture and in the Hebrewe histories it was named Mizreia, after the name of Mizraim the sonne of Cham. I reade in Manethon and in others, that from the first comming of Mizraim into Egypt vnto Osiris time, which was 280. yeeres, Egypt had three seue∣rall names: first Oceana, after the name of Oceanus in Berosus, in Scripture Mizraim: the second name was Aeria, after the

name of the riuer Nilus: the third Aeria which continued vn∣till Osiris time, and after Osiris time named Osiriana, accor∣ding to his name, at what time Abraham was in Egypt, vntill Ramesses time surnamed Egyptus, about the time that the Israelites left Egypt, after Abrahams being in Egypt, foure hundred and thirtie yeres. During which time of these foure * 1.1 seueral names, Egypt was gouerned by states and potentates of Dynasteia, a forme of a common wealth like vnto the state of the Hebrewes gouernment by the councel of Sanhedrin, or like the Grecians ruled by their Amphictions. But first to speake of the fertilitie of the soile, the maners of the people, the an∣tiquitie of the countrey, the greatnes of their gouernment, & specially of many rare wonders which are in Egypt, more then in any kingdome of the world: for the description of E∣gypt I referre you (as you haue read before of other coūtries) to Strabo, Pomponius Mela, and Solinus. Egypt was diuided i•…•…to * 1.2 sixe seueral kinds of people: the first three which were kings, priests, and souldiers, gouerned the state and cōmon wealth of Egypt: the other three serued in the countrey, to vse things necessary for the kingdome & for the state, which were hus∣bandmen, craftesmen, & shepheards. Concerning the anti∣quitie * 1.3 of the Egyptians, they contended therein with the Sci∣thians, and with the people of Phrygia: for this opinion the E∣gyptians hold of their antiquitie, and that registred in ancient chronicles, that during their cōtinuance in Egypt, the starres haue foure times altered their courses, and the sunne twise: likewise they haue recorded 330. kings to haue reigned in E∣gypt before king Amasis time, which was king of Egypt, when * 1.4 Cyrus was king of Persia. The vaine assertion that the Egyptiās held of their antiquitie, was of continuance aboue 13 thou∣sand yeeres (you must vnderstand Lunares annos) Of their su∣perstitious * 1.5 religion to their gods, it is set foorth by Hero∣dot in all pointes, howe two blacke pigeons, the one flying to Libya cōmanded them to builde a temple vnto Iupiter surna∣med Hamon, to receiue oracles, and to be instructed thereby, aswell by ceremonies in the religion of their gods, as also in

maners & liuing of their countrey: the other pigeon in The∣bes a Citie of Egypt in like sort cōmanded an other temple to be builded where the like oracles also should be deliuered to them of Thebes. The olde priestes of Egypt hauing these war∣nings * 1.6 (as they supposed by some power diuine) being of greater authoritie in the beginning then the kings of Egypt were, they began to worship as many gods as they thought good, and yet not to erect images & idols in their temples: for in the greatest & ancientest cities of Egypt, the princes & nobles of the countrie contended sundry times in the yeere to offer sacrifice, and to celebrate feastes to these gods, with such solemne rites and ceremonies, as were by the oracles commaunded: these great feasts were once euery yeere in these cities.

The first was in the citie of Bubastis in honour of Diana, with such seruice and ceremonies due vnto her: the second in the citie of Busiris in the honor of Isis: the third in the citie of Sai in the honor of Minerua: the fourth in Heliopolis in the honor of the sunne: the fifth in the citie of Butis in the honor of Latona: the sixt in the citie of Papremi in the honor of Mars. * 1.7 The maner and order of their sacrifices were very strange: some wounding themselues, some beating and whipping themselues some with torches and lights al night, with pro∣cessions about the cities, and some with such ceremonies, as I may not well name them, so horrible and so beastly, as they were, and yet fit sacrifices for their gods. The greatest god that the Egyptians vniuersally worshipped, was an Oxe marked with white spots, which they called Apis. This Oxe is * 1.8 accompanied with a hundred priests in the citie of Memphis, where he is halowed by these priests, & stauled as a god with yeerely feasts and dayly sacrifice. The people of Egypt solem∣nize the birth day of Apis, and that day is holden most holy and festiuall throughout all Egypt, and that feast continueth seuen dayes. Also in the citie of Heliopolis they worship ano∣ther * 1.9 Oxe, which they name Mneum, as Apis is in Memphis. In the citie of Aphodito Politana, they worship a white Oxe, as Strabo sayth likewise.

Concerning others of their gods, they are too many for me to write: as of Cattes, to whom they attribute much ho∣nour, * 1.10 for that they are vnder Vulcan, their chiefe god to de∣fend them from fire, and therefore Cattes in Egypt are much esteemed and worshipped as gods: for when any Catte is dead in Egypt, specially in Heliopolis, they weare mourning weedes, and shaue their browes, and with great solemnitie they are buried. And then next to Cattes, Rammes, for that * 1.11 Iupiter would not be seene vnto Hercules in the likenesse of a god, vnlesse Hercules would put on a Rammes skinne, there∣fore in diuers partes of Egypt none might kill a Ramme, but the Ramme was likewise honoured as a god. So also of the Crocodile, & of the bird Ibis, & of many other beasts which the Egyptians worship as gods, the which is not lawful by the lawe of Egypt to hurt, much lesse to kill them.

In mourning for their dead, they besmeare themselues * 1.12 with doung and dirte, specially the kinswomen of the dead, they be all bedaubed and bedirted, raunging the streetes howling and crying for the space of seuentie dayes: and then with great care & diligence they burie the corpes with great solemnitie, in stately and huge buildings, with sharpe spires of wonderfull great height, named Piramides: but of the ma∣ner of their buriall I haue set downe in my diall of dayes.

The strange wonders of Egypt, of their fishes, beastes, and foules, of their trees, fruites, and of their riuers, they are such * 1.13 and so many, that if I should beginne, I should not knowe when to ende: as to write of bridges builded of stones thirtie foote square a piece, of lakes called Chimmis and Meris, bea∣ring woods & forests of 20. miles compasse about: to speake of many riuers, I shoulde wearie my selfe. What shoulde I speake but of one which is Nilus, the only riuer of the world? of which the Egyptians haue as great cause to bragge, as India had of Ganges, or Mesopotamia of Euphrates. This Nilus ma∣keth Egypt alwayes either to laugh or to weepe: for it is strange in Egypt to see raine.

In Egypt women pleade matters in Courtes, and they

looke to forraigne causes, and the men spin and carde, and take charge of the house at home: the womē beare burthens on their shoulders, and men vpon their heads: women stan∣ding, and men sitting, doe make water in Egypt: also they eate and drinke openly without the doores, and doe their natu∣rall needes within the house.

These with infinite more strange thinges shall you * 1.14 finde in Herodotus, but Chronicles doe contrary Hero∣dot in many things, and therefore I passe ouer diuers of his fables, and take asmuch of him as shall agree with Eusebius * 1.15 and others of the soundest writers: for certainely the Greeke histories are farre more doubtfull then the Latine: for Hellani∣cus * 1.16 differeth from Acusilaus, Acusilaus from Hesiodus, Hesiodus from Hephorus, and Hephorus from Herodot, and Herodot accu∣sed of al as most erronious and fabulous: for how can Greeke histories be true, when the Greekes (saith Iosephus) doe rather seeke fables to mainteine their opinions, then to traueile in antiquitie to verifie their histories? or howe is it possible for prophane writers, who were borne two thousand yeeres af∣ter the beginning of some kingdoms, to write truely of them, specially of the Chaldeans, Assyrians, Scithians, Egyptians, and others, whose kingdoms were long before scattered and de∣stroyed, if they be not by Moses instructed, or haue their light or warrant from the propheticall histories? such confusion * 1.17 is growen by their discord, that their errour is great, aswell for the number and names of kings, as also for the time of their continuance and gouernment. I said before, they that are desirous to bee acquainted with fables rather then histo∣ries, let them read Herodotus, Diodorus Siculus, & vaine Berosus. But I will and must vse them sometimes, and especially in this historie of Egypt I must alleage Herodot, for he confesseth that he wrote nothing but what he himselfe had either seene or heard in Egypt of the priestes of M•…•…mphis, whose bookes were full of olde fables, where it was written that 330. kings reigned in Egypt successiuely. Of these 330. kings, 18. were E∣thiopian * 1.18 kings, the rest Egyptians, and one woman named Ni∣tocris,

not Nitocris Queene of Babylon, but an other as famous for her tyrannie in Egypt, as she was in Babylon.

But when Abraham the Patriarch was in Egypt, then Egypt did not so flourish, at what time Pharao was punished by God for Sara Abrahams wife. This is the first king that we reade of in trueth with warrant of the sacred histories of the Bible, * 1.19 which is taken to be Osiris by Functius, Melancthon, & others. Of this Osiris many things are written in prophane histories, as by his surnames doth appeare: for Osiris is called Dionysius, Olympicus, Iupiter, & Iustus: to follow further his genealogie it is vaine. This Osiris taught in Egypt first, and after in sundry * 1.20 places of the world where he did traueile, to plow, to sowe, * 1.21 to plant vines, and to doe many things, which yet the world knew not. The Egyptians honoured this Osiris so much, that they caused his statue or image to be made at large in a table or pillar of Iuory, & his picture was made like a scepter with two eyes, with all foules, fishes, and beasts that were conse∣crated vnto the gods of Egypt, as monumēts of triumphs vn∣to Osiris, with this sentēce written: Ego sum Osiris Iupiter iustus, qui vniuerso imperaui orbi: diuers of these scepters were made & put in tables of Alabaster, Iuorie, & Ebony, in diuers coū∣tries where he traueiled, leauing behind him his sister & his wife Isis to gouerne Egypt. This time began the 16. Dynasteia of Egypt, which were potētates & states, who gouerned Egypt in many places: some endured 100. some 200. yeres, & some * 1.22 300. yeeres, some more some lesse: they were in Egypt as the Chiliarchi were with the Hebrewes, as the Amphictions with the Grecians, and as the Senators with the Romanes: but when the kings of Egypt began to be mighty & strong, the state of the potentates began to be diminished, but it stil continued vn∣der * 1.23 the kings of Egypt as chiefe gouernours, which the Greci∣ans called Polemarchi. I will begin of Osiris the first king of E∣gypt: yet Diodorus nameth Mena the first king of Egypt, which Berosus cal Oceanus, which is Mizraim with the Hebrewes. This Osiris was maried to Isis called Iuno Egyptia: for prophane wri∣ters name the first kings & queenes of euery countrey by the name of Satur. Iupiter, Iuno, Ceres, &c. This Isis is supposed to

be called Ceres, for that she affirmeth of her self this sentence writtē vnder diuers pictures of Isis in tables & pillars set vp in Egypt, Ego sum Isis Egypti Regina, à Mercurio erudita, vxor Osiri∣dis, mater regis Ori: gaude Bubastia, gaude Egypte, quae me nutristi: these words were graued in a pillar of brasse called Columna Isidis: read of this more in Dio. Sic. Orus the 2. king of Egypt suc∣ceeded * 1.24 his father Osiris: this taught the Egyptiās many things, read lectures of Astronomy, and the first that instructed the rude people to obserue the orders & course of the stars: like∣wise he made many good lawes amongst the Egyptians, and made them acquainted with the true God, whō Abraham be∣ing then in Egypt confessed & preached, with whō king Orus seemed to haue conference, & was taught by Abraham to ac∣knowledge * 1.25 the power of God, hauing had sensible trial ther∣of, of his fathers punishment, & the plague thereby that hap∣pened by his iniurious dealing with Sara: this made this king to honour Abraham much, yet in his fathers dayes Abraham * 1.26 made no long stay in Egypt. It seemed that Abraham had some liking to this Orus before he was king, to whō he reuealed in∣structions both to know God & his creatures, whereby after he was made king: and he taught in Egypt those good things which Abraham instructed him, whereby he was called in E∣gypt Orus the great. Melanthon saith, he had a sonne called Boc∣choris: * 1.27 after Bocchoris, Busiris, who builded Thebes in Egypt, set∣ting forth the kings of Egypt, Herodotus doth not obserue line∣ally their succession, nor Functius in his table, nor Manethon an Egyptian priest, & onely chronographer for the kings of E∣gypt, wherein no true lineall successe may be set downe of the old kings of Egypt, vntil Amasis, where Herodotus omitteth ma∣ny things of Egypt, & beginneth to make relation of the kings of Egypt from Chiopes the first yere of Persusennes, which was in the beginning of the 11. Iubilee after Moses, Menathon the historie is mentioned by Iosephus, & the names of the Egyptiā kings laide downe to Ramases, which with him is Sethosis, be∣ginneth from Ramesses surnamed Egyptus, who vsurped the kingdome, hauing banished thence his brother Danaus.

Hee setteth downe that the lande of Egypt was then the * 1.28

fourth time called Mizraim, at what time as Cornelius Tacitus and others say, the names of Pharoes first began: so Manethon affirmeth.

But it doth appeate by Iosephus against Appian, a schoole∣master of Alexandria, that the historie of Egypt is patched and forged by Manethon & Cheremon, two chiefe ancient Chro∣nographers, * 1.29 that for true histories generally remaine but fa∣bles: he laieth downe the errors of Manethon written by him∣selfe in these wordes: At what time Timaus reigned king in * 1.30 Egypt (saith Appian) came certeine people a base nation from the East, and began to inhabit & to build, & to growe strong in Egypt, so that they made them a king to gouerne them, the which was called Saltis: this came to Memphis, & to Sais, two great townes in Egypt, seated himselfe in those townes, and brought the princes about to pay to them tribute, vsed great crueltie, slue & made hauocke of much people in Egypt. Af∣ter that Saltis reigned nineteene yeeres in Egypt he died, after * 1.31 whom succeeded fiue other kings, which in all were sixe, whose names I set downe to your viewe.

• 1 Saltis which reigned 19. yeeres.
• 2 Baeon which reigned 44. yeeres.
• 3 Apachnas which reig∣ned 36. yeeres.
• 4 Iamas reigned 50. yeres.
• 5 Apochis reigned 61. yeeres.
• 6 Assis reigned 49. yeres.

These sixe kings reigned first ouer these base people (as Manethon writeth) which were called in Egypt Hicsos shep∣heards: they and their posteritie after them reigned in Egypt fiue hundreth and eleuen yeeres, vntill the time of Alisfrag∣mutosis, * 1.32 by whom they wererepulsed and constrained to dwel within a place called Auaris, the proportion of tenne thou∣sand acres: this compasse they held, & fortified many strong walles and fortes: these shepheards (as Manethon saith) stood vpon their defence, vntil Temosine the kings sōne to Alisfrag∣mutosis laid siege to their fortes with foure hundred & eight * 1.33 score thousande readie in armes against these Hicsos, with whom the king of Egypt concluded peace, vpon condition

to depart whither they woulde without harme or hurt, so that they would depart out of Egypt.

These people forced in this sort to the number of two hun∣dred & fourtie thousand, to passe through Egypt with al their possession with them, tooke their iourney through the de∣serts of Syria, and fearing the power of the Assyrians which at that time gouerned al Asia, they builded a Towne for them to dwell in in Iudea, called Ierusalem: this nation was called in Manethon, Hicsos Pastores reges: this squareth farre from the * 1.34 historie of Moses concerning their dwellings being of the Hebrewes in Egypt. After the departure of these Hebrewes out of Egypt, these many kings reigned successiuely, as Manethon orderly setteth them downe.

• 1 Alisfragumtosis.
• 2 Temusi. 25. yeeres.
• 3 Chebron. 13. yeeres.
• 4 Amenophis. 20. yeres 7. moneths.
• 5 Amesses the sister of Amenophis, gouerned Egypt after her bro∣ther 21. yeeres.
• 6 Mephres 12. yeeres and 9. moneths.
• 7 Mephramutosis reig∣ned 25. yeeres.
• 8 Thmosis 9. yeres and 8. moneths.
• 9 Amenophis the 2. of that name, reigned 30. yeeres 10. moneths.
• 10 Orus 3. yeeres and 5. moneths.
• 11 Acencheres Orus, daughter after her fa∣ther, reigned 12. yeres.
• 12 Rathotis reigned 9. yeeres.
• 13 Acencheres. 12. yeres.
• 14 Acencheres the 2. reigned 12. yeeres and 3. moneths.
• 15 Armais reigned 4. yeeres.
• 16 Armesis reigned one yeere.
• 17 Armesesmiamus reig ned 66. yeeres.
• 18 Amenophis the 3. of that name. 19. yeeres.
• 19 Sethosis was the 19. king of Egypt after the going out of these Shep∣heards out of Egypt, which was 393. yeeres from Tomusis, vntill Sethosis.

This Sethofis was mightie & strong on sea, and vpon land: he prepared an huge armie against the Cyprians, Phoenicians, and after against the Assyrians and the Medes, committing the gouernment of Egypt to his brother named Armais, which is also called Danaus: he deliuered all Egypt vnder his brother, charging him to abstaine from his concubines, and not in a∣ny wise to abuse himselfe in any thing belonging to the crowne of Egypt: but as•…•…oone as Sethosis tooke his voiage, so soone Armais rebelled, tooke the Diademe, imprisoned the Queene Sethosis wife, and did what he pleased in Egypt. * 1.35

The king being of this certified, returned in haste, draue his brother Armais out of his kingdome, and at that time named the Countrey after his owne name Egypt: (for so was Sethosis surnamed Egyptus.)

Thus sarre Manethon in his owne booke of the historie of Egypt doeth write, wherein hee seemeth to be fabulous in the histories of the Hebrewes, and in the setting downe the names of the kings of Egypt, after the departure of the shep∣heardes (as hee tearmeth them) to varie much from others: but in trueth it is hard to set downe in order eyther the kings of Egypt or of Scythia, for the antiquitie of time, beside their close gouernment in their Dynasties, which the Egyptians had in number twentie & one, and therefore their three hundred and thirtie kings are written in Herodot not named, but past ouer in silence vnder the gouernment of so many Dynasteias: neither doeth Manethon name them.

The like is written of Cheremon another olde writer of the Egyptian histories, to whom the goddesse Isis appeared in a * 1.36 vision, finding fault that her temple was not rebuilded: and opening secrets and oracles to Cheremon. Concerning their kings of Egypt, of their fables and meere ignorance in their owne histories, I neede not much to stand vpon, but referre you to Iosephus, where hee at large vnfoldeth their folly, ope∣ning * 1.37 their owne Chronicles against themselues, and there∣fore I will let Manethon, and Cheremon, and others, as He∣rodot, and Diodorus Siculus, that write of the kings of Egypt,

to stand to their fables.

Wee reade in Genesis of Pharao in Abrahams time, which * 1.38 is sufficient to discharge them both. The kingdome of Egypt was (as I saide before) gouerned by a state called Dynasteia: for after Osiris which gouerned Egypt in the sixteene Dyna∣steia, which continued a hundred and ninetie yeeres, after O∣siris gouernment the seuenteenth Dynastia began, as Eusebius * 1.39 setteth it downe, and continued a hundred and three yeeres: during that time of gouernment, potentates and magistrates reigned and gouerned in Egypt, without any mention made of kings as yet to any purpose.

But as the priests of Egypt haue written in their Chroni∣cles as I saide before from Menes time the first king of Egypt, as Herodot saith, the priests haue recorded three hundred and thirtie kings, of the which many of them haue past obscurely without any speach made of them in that kinde of gouerne∣ment called Dynastia: for I find in Functius table twentie one Dynastias of the names of those that gouerned, and of their gouernment during that time: Eusebius and Manethon with others, omitted not to write the number of these Dynasties, and yet past with silence the names of their kings, vntill the eighteene Dynastia, the names of Pharaos were not knowen, then beganne the kings of Egypt to bee surnamed Pharaos.

About the time of the going of Iacob into Egypt two hun∣dred * 1.40 and fifteene yeeres after that Abraham his graundfather had bene there, at what time reigned Baleus the younger, the eleuenth king of the Assyrians, then reigned in Egypt Amasis * 1.41 the first that was called Pharao 25. yeeres, after him succee∣ded * 1.42 Chebron, and Amenophis, the one reigned 13. yeeres, and the other 21. after these three kings reigned in Egypt Meph∣res * 1.43 12. yeeres, in whose time Ioseph died after hee had liued a hundred and tenne yeeres, and of that age hee ruled and go∣uerned all Egypt 80. yeeres. Then reigned in Assyria Mamitus the 13. king: after this succeeded in Egypt two other kings, the one named Mispharmutosis, who reigned 26. yeeres, the * 1.44 other named Thutemosis, who gouerned Egypt 9. yeeres.

About this time Kittim hauing driuen his brother Hespe∣rus, who reigned then king in Celtiberia into Italie, vsurped his kingdome, and reigned thirteene yeeres after him ouer the Celtiberians: and after that Kittim left his sonne Sicorus in Cel∣tiberia, and passed into Italie, where hee reigned and was sur∣named Italus, whom the Greekes named Atlas, of whom I wrote in the historie of Italie more at large with sufficient warrant of the Bible: for hee is in diuers places of the Scrip∣ture spoken of by the name of Kittim. By this time reigned king in Egypt Amenophis the second king of that name, a cruel king and most tyranicall: for he made a decree in Egypt, that * 1.45 all the male children of the Hebrewes should be drowned in Nilus by a streight commandement giuen to the midwiues, who notwithstanding in all points obeyed not the king, for they were by God directed otherwayes, as it is read of the birth of Moses, and of the prouidence of God in sauing of * 1.46 him. This Moses nowe borne within eightie yeeres after, was by God appointed to deliuer his countreymen from thraldome, slauerie, and tyranny, and to plague Egypt with most extreme punishment worthely.

There is a historie written of this king Amenophis, called * 1.47 of some Memnon, that his image grauen in stone continued vntill the comming of Christ, which continually at sunne ri∣sing * 1.48 seemed to sound a voyce like a man. This tyrannie con∣tinued in Egypt almost one hundred yeeres: for when this cruell king Amenophis died, succeeded him a more cruell king then hee named Busiris, as Melancthon and Diodorus say, * 1.49 who plagued the poore Hebrewes with death in like sort as Amenophis did, and kept them in slauerie and miserie, with toyle and taske to make bricke to worke monstrous huge Pi∣ramides, whipping and scourging them, vsing them with all bondage and slauerie: some say that Mercurius Trismegi∣stus, * 1.50 a graue Philosopher of Egypt this time florished, though by Suidas affirmed that this Mercurius liued before Abrahams time in Egypt.

After Busiris raigned king in Egypt Acengeres twelue yeres,

and after him Achorus raigned nine yeeres, vsing the like ty∣rannie * 1.51 to the Hebrewes as before, vntil the time of king Chen∣cres, * 1.52 who farre excelled his predecessors in tyrannie and * 1.53 blasphemie: this was that Pharao that resisted God & his ser∣uant Moses, and therefore was drowned in the red sea, and all the peeres of Egypt with him. Read of this king more in Exo∣dus: the most part of Egypt was at this time with Chencres Pha∣ro * 1.54 drowned, and Egypt was left very skant of any great states, and therefore began to rise diuers seditions for a time in E∣gypt, after the departure of the Hebrewes vntill Rameses time, which is sirnamed Aegyptus.

This time began Dardanus his kingdome in Dardania af∣terward called Troy, at what time raigned in Assyria Ascatides * 1.55 the eightenth king: in Athens Cranaus the second king. And ouer the Argiues Crotopas their eight king.

CHAP. II.

Of the kings of Egypt after Ramesses time sirnamed Aegyptus' at what time Oceana was called Egypt, after the name of Aegyptus, before Mizreia.

NOw after the great ouerthrowe of the E∣gyptians in the red sea, after a while began to raigne in Egypt Ramesses, sirnamed Ae∣gyptus, after whose name Egypt was then called, as Manethon writeth: for at the first, Egypt was named Oceana, or Mizreia, * 1.56 and the second time it was named Aerea, and nowe the thirde time called Egypt, as you reade before. This Aegyptus after hee had vanquished his brother Danaus, he vsurped vpon the Egyptians, and raigned king of Egypt 68. yeeres: for Egypt had not recouered her former state as yet, since the ouerthrowe of Chencres and all the states of Egypt, who perished in the red Sea pursuing the Israelites.

Of this, Manethon seemeth most ignorant, saying that the * 1.57 shepheards were driuen out of Egypt, for some natural foule

filthie disease as leprosie, which the Israelites had, affirming * 1.58 that Moses was an Egyptian, borne in the citie of Heliopolis, and that he was named Onarsiphus, and became leprous and * 1.59 then went to the Israelites, which euery where Manethon na∣meth Hicsos, shepheards or captiues, and became conuer∣sant with them, and was driuen out of Egypt with them.

In the beginning of this Aegyptus raigne, Moses died, after whom succeeded Iosua the second Iudge of Israel. This time raigned in Assyria Amintes their 19. king. Also Dionysius other∣wise Bacchus, whom the Greekes call 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, subdued India, and builded a towne after his owne name called Nisa, in remem∣brance of his great victories that he had ouer the Indians.

Now succeeded in Egypt Myris or Moeris, as Herodotus doth * 1.60 call him: this king restored Egypt againe, and recouered strength and great power, and builded many notable and fa∣mous monuments worthy to be remembred: he brought the riuer Nilus, being out of hope to be repaired, in course a∣gaine: he made the lake Miris of such wonderfull bignes, that he farre excelled the rest of the kings before him. This Myris made the Labirinths of Egypt, which after Dedalus taking an example of those Labirinths, made the like in Creete, imita∣ting Myris in all points: he builded such monuments for Vul∣can in Egypt, as Herodotus calleth them, Digna Vulcano vestibu∣la, * 1.61 where you may reade more.

This king raigned fourtie yeeres in Egypt, and had a sonne * 1.62 succeeded him, of no lesse fame then himselfe, named Seso∣stris, of whom the priestes of Egypt spake much: he began to augment the kingdome of Egyyt with diuers victories ouer * 1.63 the Syrians, Phoenicians, Thracians, Scithians, and the most part of Asia. This king onely conquered Aethiopia, and was king proclaimed both of Egypt and Aethiopia: this king waxed strong on land and sea: he made more monuments of his vi∣ctories in diuers strange kingdoms, leauing behinde him his statues and Images erected vp in forraine countreys: some of them Herodotus doeth affirme to haue seene in his dayes, * 1.64 which liued about Xerxes time: one he saw in Palestina cut in

a large stone with letters written round about his picture. And about Ionia he saw two statues or pictures of this king Sesostris, the one betweene Ionia and the citie of Eph•…•…sus, the other as men goe from Sardinia into Smirna: he was cut in two great high stones of fiue cubites length, holding in his right hand a speare, and in the left hande a bow, being in all * 1.65 points of his apparell armed like an Egyptian, with this sen∣tence written betweene his two shoulders in the Egyptian tongue, I haue caried this Countrey vpon my shoulders. Some take * 1.66 these statues to be Memnon, but the priestes of Egypt affirmed that it was Sesostris in his returne from his victories into E∣gypt, euen he that caried kings captiues bound to his chariot from towne to towne, from countrey to countrey. In Aetho∣pia and Egypt he had many of these pictures, and many sta∣tues set vpon pillars and arches, according to the maner of Egyptian triumphes.

This king was so honoured in Egypt, and his statues after * 1.67 his death so esteemed, that whē Darius Histaspis long after that time came into Egypt, being by his predecessor Cambyses con∣quered & brought into subiection vnder the Persians, yet he was not suffred by the priests of Vulcan to put his statue aboue the picture of Sesostris in Memphis, affirming that Sesostris had conquered as many countreis, and gotten as many victories as Darius had: and beside, Sesostris had ouerthrowne the strong and inuincible Scithians, which Darius neuer could: which speaches Darius tooke in good part, and would not reuenge, though well he might.

This Sesostris is named in Functius table, Amenophis, imita∣ting Manethon the Egyptian writer, where he is set downe to be the thirde in that gouernment Dynastia. Larthes is a name likewise of dignitie, as were Pharaos, before the gouernours and potentats: for in the first gouernment of Larthes which endured 194. yeres, Zetus was the first (as Manethon affirmeth) * 1.68 and raigned 55. yeres. After Zetus succeeded in this kinde of gouernment Ranses Larthes, which gouerned 66. yeres: after * 1.69 whom succeeded this king Sesostris the thirde Larthes, which raigned 40. yeeres.

The fourth Larthes was named Phero, the sonne of this Se∣sostris * 1.70 of which I spake last. Herodotus reciteth a historie of this Phero, that it happened to him to become blinde, and so continued 11. yeeres: at what time he was instructed by the oracle of Butis, to finde out a temperat chaste woman which had neuer knowen carnalitie, but onely one man, and that hee should wash his eyes with this womans vrine, and hee should receiue againe his sight. This Phero Larthes making great speach and search for such a woman, after many vaine trials, he found one woman whose vrine healed him, whom (after he had his sight) hee maried, and caused all those wo∣men whose water could not helpe him, to bee brought into the citie called Rubragleba red clay, where both they and the citie were commaunded by the king to be burned.

After this Phero Larthes succeeded Thuoris, the fift and last Larthes of those Potentates: this king is named in Diodorus, Cetes, which the Greekes (as Melancthon saith) called Proteus, * 1.71 for diuers illusions which he vsed in magicke, whose temple was long seene after his death in Memphis. To this king came Paris Priamus sonne, at what time hee rauished Helen Menelaus wife, from Sparta to Greece, and was driuen of force into Egypt, of his hard welcome there, and of the kings-com∣mandement to Alexander to depart from Egypt, with threat∣ning of death vnlesse he would be gone within three dayes with all Grecians with him, sauing that the king stayed Helen in Egypt, where Menelaus came after the siege of Troy, and * 1.72 was honourably receiued by Proteus the king, and welcōmed of his wife Helen. Others write that Menelaus and Helen went both together after Troy was destroyed, by force of tempest * 1.73 into Egypt: it is not much materiall.

Nowe while these fiue potentats called Larthes raigned in Egypt, which continued for the space of one hundreth ninetie and foure yeres, it began in the second Iubilee, at what time Lamprides the two and twentieth king raigned in Egypt, and Tros the third king raigned in Troy, Proteus the thirteenth king raigned ouer the Argiues, and Shamgar iudged Israel.

This gouernment of Larthes ended when Tautanes the 28. king of the Assyrians raigned, and when Abdon the twelfth * 1.74 Iudge iudged Israel. After this gouernment of Larthes, Mane∣thon writeth of another kinde of Potentats, which continued 177. yeeres, whom Functius followeth, and reciteth not one king that raigned in Egypt during that time, but hee rehear∣seth who flourished most, and who gouerned chiefly in Chaldea, Assyria, and in other kingdoms, and maketh no men∣tion of any king in Egypt during 177. yeeres, and therefore I will returne to Herodotus, whom Melancthon doeth followe in this, and write of those kings orderly as I finde them: this kinde of Potentats began three hundreth and thirtie yeeres after Israel departed out of Egypt.

About which time, Troy was destroyed by the Grecians, a∣bout * 1.75 tenne yeeres before the sixt Iubilee, and in the seuenth yeere of Thuoris king of Egypt, otherwise called Proteus. The kingdome of the Latines began this time, when that Aeneas with his sonne Ascanius after Troy was destroyed came to king Latinus, where raigned fiue kings before Aeneas came, by the name of kings of the Latines, of whom I wrote in that historie.

But now to the kings of Egypt: for after that Proteus died, * 1.76 the kingdome happened to Rampsinitus a king of the greatest wealth that euer raigned in Egypt, whose treasures were such, that he inuented to build some strong place for his treasure: and hauing cunning and subtile workemen to builde this worke: one of them perceiuing the infinite treasure that the king should put there, made a stone of that bignesse that two men might remoue it, and likewise of that length & bredth, that a man might creepe well through the place of that stone being thence remooued. Before this fellowe died, he * 1.77 opened to his two sonnes howe they might haue treasure ynough in remouing such a stone, which he for that purpose had made. When he had taught them in all points to know this stone, and how to bring their purpose to passe, he died, and they practised the fathers counsel, and found as their

father told them twise or thrise. In continuance of time the king also found that much of his treasure was taken away: he inuented by some policie the next time to preuent them: engines and snares were layd for them, in the which one of the two brothers being taken fast, called for his other bro∣ther and willed him to cut off his head, lest hee should be knowen thereby, and so likewise lose his life.

This being done, the king came the next time into his treasurie, and found a dead man without a head, and musing much who it should be, deuised in this sort, that this body * 1.78 should be hanged vpon some gibbet with men to watch and to see who would weepe, and who should take him away. The mother of this dead man within a while after threatned her sonne, that vnlesse he would bury his brother, she would reueile vnto the king the whole matter: he also (to please his mother) deuised to saue himself, & inuented meanes to make the watchmen drunken, and tooke his brother from the tree * 1.79 the watchmen being asleepe, & after returned to the watch∣men, fained himselfe drunken, and to haue slept with them.

The king perceiuing that he was deceiued, punished the watchmen, & mused how he might know how these things came to passe, or who should take him away: then he inuen∣ted this policie, hauing only one daughter, he promised she should lye with any man in the kings house that could tel a∣ny likenes of this matter, or any els within Egypt, and should be his wife afterward. Euery man was willing to haue the kings daughter to wife, but none could aduertise her howe these things were done. The thiefe at length that robbed the king of his treasure, that did cut his brothers head in the treasurie, and after deceiued the kings watch and stole him from the gibbet, he thought once againe to trie his skill for * 1.80 a kings daughter: he went to his brother late dead, and cut off his hand, and caried it vnder his cloake, and went into a darke chamber into the kings daughter as the custome was, and tolde her the whole matter how it was, that he did all things, robd the king, kild his brother, made the watchmen

drunken, and buried his brother. She hearing this, layd * 1.81 hand vpon him in the chamber: and seeking his hand in the darke to lead him to her father, hee secretly conueyed the dead mans hand into her hand, and conueyed himselfe a∣way: and she thought that she had him by the hand all the way as she went to her father, vntil she came to the light and saw she was deceiued.

The king being deceiued three times before, made a ge∣neral decree throughout all Egypt, making good his promise by an othe, that he should marry his daughter whosoeuer he was, if he would come vnto the king and confesse his faults, for the king was amazed at these great enterprises: for (saith * 1.82 the king Rampsinitus) the Egyptians in trueth excell all other nations in policie and wit, but this passeth all the Egyptians: and therefore the king married his daughter vnto this cun∣ning thiefe, as to a man of great knowledge and wisdome.

After this king Rampsinitus died, succeeded Cheops, a king * 1.83 of great wickednesse: during this kings time, Egypt so mour∣ned, that their temples were shut, their sacrifices stayed, * 1.84 and all Egypt by this king put to toyle and slauerie, almost in the like state as the poore Hebrewes were in Moses time, carying great huge stones, to builde monstrous and vaine workes: hee had a hundreth thousande men, to make vp one Piramides, who continued in this worke twentie yeeres: the charges thereof (as Herodotus affirmeth) for rootes, gar∣licke and onions onely, beside all other meate, came to one thousand six hundreth talents of siluer, so that the worke be∣ing great, & the people many, Cheops thereby fel to want, and * 1.85 hauing not to perfourme his worke, forced his daughter by her body to gaine as much as she could, to finish the worke begun: but she for a memoriall of her selfe, sought of euery man a stone, & she had therby so many stones, as she her selfe caused an other Piramides to be made equall to the highest.

This foolish king as it is thought to auoyde idlenes a∣mongst the people, occupied them in these vaine and mon∣strous workes, as places and sepulchres for kings burials: for

vntill the time of Rampsinitus, all things prospered in Egypt. This Cheops after he had raigned 50. yeeres died, after whom succeeded his brother named Cephrim, a king no lesse hateful * 1.86 to the people of Egypt then his brother was, who in like sort vsed them with toile, and with all kinde of bondage as Cheops did, and therefore the like praise they had. For after they had raigned both an hundred sixe yeres, during which time Egypt suffered great calamitie, they disdained after their death to call them by the names of kings, but suffered shepherds to lodge in their stately Piramides, loathing once to thinke vp∣on these two kings.

By this time ended the gouernment of 177. vnder the Po∣tentats, during which time many things happened in other kingdomes, as erection of the kingdome of Israel after Sam∣sons time their last Iudge, by appointing Saul their first king, * 1.87 about the 60. yeres of these last Potentats of Egypt. At what time the kings of Peloponesus in Greece, and their gouernment of Monarchia ended, & priestes which were called Carni were appointed magistrates. After 26. kings had raigned in Scicio∣num, about the 80. of this gouernment, the kingdome of La∣cedemonia * 1.88 and the kingdome of Corinth beganne both at one time: at what time raigned in Athens Codrus their last king: after whom the state altered into the gouernment of Iudges, in the 114. yeere of this Dynastia, during which time raigned in Assyria foure kings, and ouer the Albanes, otherwise called * 1.89 the Latins raigned sixe kings: this was the twentie Dynastie of the Egyptians: this began tenne yeeres before the sixt Iubilee, and ended 19. yeeres after the beginning of the ninth Iubilee.

In Egypt gouerned by this time Mycerinus or Cerinus (in * 1.90 Diodorus) the sonne of Cheops, a iust king and gentle, vsing the people with much more clemencie then either his father or his vncle did before him: he opened the temples, which of an hundreth and sixe yeeres were shut vp, he restored all E∣gypt into her former libertie, which had bene long in cala∣mitie and misery vnder his father: he commaunded the peo∣ple to be free from their taxes and toiles, and vsed them with

greatlenitie: hee iudged iustly, and shewed himselfe such a king, that all the Egyptians thought themselues happie of his gouernment: for he loathed tyrannie and crueltie, and was much ashamed of his fathers reproche amongst the people.

This Mycerinus in the middest of his good gouernment * 1.91 had onely one daughter, that died, of whom her father (to shewe the great loue which hee bare vnto her) made such a monument for her buriall, that it past all the burials of the kings of Egypt: hee caused a coffine of the likenes of an oxe to be made, set ouer all with golde, wherein hee layed his daughter, and hanged the same vp from the ground in his pallace at the citie of Sai, where euery day the priestes came with frankincense and other sweete odours, to doe sacrifice: the oxe of Apis, which was the God of Memphis, and the * 1.92 oxe Mneum which was the God of Heliopolis, were not so set foorth as this oxe of Sai, where Mycerinus daughter * 1.93 was buried.

An other misfortune was denounced by an Oracle vnto Mycerinus, that hee likewise should be buried within sixe yeres after his daughter, for that he altered the state of Egypt, * 1.94 and eased the Egyptians from such bondage as they were to abide for an hundreth and fiftie yeeres, of the which Cheops and Cephrim two brethren perfourmed an hundreth and sixe, remayning yet behinde fourtie and foure yeeres of the cala∣mitie, which by an Oracle was appointed for Egypt: and to seeke to please the Oracle, Mycerinus became a little better then his father Cheops, or his vncle Cephrim, two tyrants that plagued Egypt.

After this king, the priests of Egypt doe set downe a king named Asichis, of whom I finde in Herodotus, that he past the * 1.95 rest of the kings of Egypt in building and vexing of his sub∣iects, in so much that hee made one Piramides to excell the rest, with this inscription, This Piramides doeth passe the rest as farre as Iupiter doeth excell the rest of the gods. This king is named also Anisis in Melancthon and in Functius, but in Hero∣dotus, Anisis, * 1.96

or Asichis, a king who came not to be king of E∣gypt by succession of blood, but by election of the priestes, who after he had raigned sixe yeeres, was driuen out of Egypt by Sabacus an Aethiopian, which raigned after Anisis 50. yeeres * 1.97 king of Egypt: this king is called Sesac in the booke of the Kings, of whom you may reade more: for in the fift yeere of Roboam * 1.98 king of Iuda this Sesac king of Egypt is spoken of.

After Sabacus, succeeded Sethon a priest of Vulcan: this king * 1.99 after many ouerthrowes, being left and forsaken of his owne people, made his complaint to Vulcan, of whom he was cer∣tified in a dreame, that he should haue ayde and helpe, if he would meete the king of Arabia and his armie, and giue him battel. Being thus encouraged, with a smal cōpany of Egyptiās * 1.100 that folowed him, he camped before the city of Pelusiū, where the armie of the Arabians pitched their tents: while the first night they lay in their tents, rats, vermine, and myse, of al the coūtrey about, deuoured their arrows, their bowstrings, their quiuers, their targets, & their instrumēts which they prepa∣red for the warres, so that the Arabians in the next morning fled. In memory of this victory, Sethon when he died, caused * 1.101 himselfe to be buried in the temple of Vulcan, and commaun∣ded that his statue should be made in a stone, with a rat in his hand, with this sentence written about it, In me quis intuēs pius * 1.102 esto. In that place where Herodotus doth intreat of this Sethon, he seemed very fabulous, & saith, that the Isle of Foemis swim∣meth on a lake, and that the priests of Egypt affirme, that from the first king of Egypt vntil this kings time, 341. kings are past, which are 11. more kings then Manethon before affirmed: during which time the sunne foure times altered his course; rising in the West, and going downe in the East, with such o∣ther vaine and friuolous fables cōcerning their antiquities.

This Sethon is named of Eusebius, Spethon, with whom Ma∣nethon * 1.103 supposeth in his chronicles, that it was he that Sanna∣herib had warres with, and after ouerthrew him: for I reade in Eusebius and Iosephus, who make mention of one Tarachus king of Aethiopia, which came to ayde Sethon king of Egypt a∣gainst

Sanneherib, at what time God had raised many enemies to plague Israel and Iuda for their transgressions against their God, which so mercifully had saued them oftentimes, as As∣sar, Salmanasser, which in the histories of the Prophets is cal∣led Tiglat Assar, to whose hands God gaue ouer Samaria, and tenne tribes of Israel, and afterward Ierusalem to the hands of Nabuchodonosor, with the other two tribes of Iuda & Beniamin: for both the kings, of Assyria and of Egypt, made a pray of Iuda, as in the history of the Assyrians is more at large declared.

In Egypt after Sethon the priest of Vulcan died, the gouern∣ment * 1.104 changed betweene 12. Princes which should equally gouerne the whole kingdome of Egypt, & so did for 15. yeres, as Diodorus affirmeth. After this, one of the 12. princes ob∣tained into his owne hand the whole kingdome, and gouer∣ned 54. yeres after, augmenting the confines of Egypt by the ayde of certaine Grecians, which against their wils were dri∣uen into Egypt by a tempest, with whom Psammiticus entred into friendship, and came thereby to be king of Egypt.

To these Grecians did the king giue a countrey to dwell in, farre from Nilus: with these Greekes Psammiticus cōmaunded * 1.105 that certaine yong gentlemen of Egypt should be brought vp in the Greeke tongue, which afterward made Egypt acquain∣ted therewith. While yet Psammiticus was one of the 12. ma∣gistrats, before he became king, these 12. consented to make some monument in memory of their gouernment, & there∣fore they erected many huge & strange works, as pillars, por∣ches, labirinths, Piramides, temples, & other sumptuous buil∣dings: they also studying how to passe these monuments, in∣uented to make a Labirinth vpō the lake of Meris, not far frō * 1.106 the city of Crocodiles: for so the Egyptians had cities according to the names of those fowles, fishes, and beastes, which they had honored for their gods, and had erected temples for sa∣crifices in these cities: and though the temple of Diana in E∣phesus, & the temple of Iuno in Samos were huge & monstrous * 1.107 for their bignes, yet the Piramides of Egypt were farre more greater. But the Labirinth far excelled this greatest Piramides:

for within this Labirinth were chambers, parlers, halles and * 1.108 other roomes, to the number of three thousand, whereof an hundreth and fiftie were made vnder the ground, and the other aboue ground, with such artificiall worke, with the pictures and likenes of all kinde of creatures, that it farre ex∣celled all the monuments of Egypt: and the place whereup∣on it was made and builded, was a lake of three thousand sixe hundreth furlongs, which are three hundreth seuentie and fiue miles, which is more wonderfull then the Labirinth it selfe. Herodoti fabula. * 1.109

But now to the king Psammiticus againe, who hauing long layd siege to Azotum a citie of Syria, and after many yeeres ouerthrowen (for it was the longest siege that euer endured which may be read of;) Psammiticus died: after whom succee∣ded his sonne Necho, of whom the Prophets make true men∣tion, and therefore Herodotus, Diodorus, and others, may be the better spared being prophane writers, because hee and his doings is mentioned in the sacred histories: of whom the Prophets write, that the wrath of God was ripe to giue iudgement against Egypt at this time: for Egypt had so long offended the Lorde with their vaine superstition and ido∣latrie.

Now Necho was cried out vpon by the Prophet Ezechiel, * 1.110 which was by the riuer Perath, and gaue sentence against all Egypt in this sort: Howle and crie, woe be vnto Egypt, the sworde shall come vpon Egypt, and feare shall come vpon Aethiopia. Pa∣thros shall be desolate, and fire shall be in Zoan, (which is Taph∣nis.) Thus the Prophet cried out againe, I will powre out my wrath vpon Shin, (which is named in histories, Pelusium) and I will destroy the multitude of No, the yong men of Auen, (which * 1.111 is otherwise called Heliopolis) and of Phibeseth (which is also named of olde, Pubastum) shall fall by the sworde.

CHAP. III.

Of the last kings of Egypt by the name of Pharaos, which conti∣nued a thousand two hundreth yeres: and of the first conquering of Egypt by Cambyses the second king of Persia.

THis time great warres grewe betweene the Assyrians and the Egyptians: the great∣nes of both these kingdomes, which then were the onely kingdomes of the world, were destroyed by the sword: for so the Prophet saide, that Egypt should be the reward of the king of Babylon, for his labour which he tooke against Tyrus, and so it was performed in Necho: after much mischiefe that * 1.112 he had done to Israel, he was deliuered into the hands of Na∣buchodonosor, for so the Lord said, I will strengthen the armes of Nabuchodonosor, and the armes of Pharao shalbe weakened. Of this, Necho and Aprie the last Pharaos mentioned in Scripture had full triall: for Necho raigned seuenteene yeeres, and left behind him a sonne named Psammis which raigned 6. yeeres, * 1.113 and making warre with the Aethiopians died. About this time Phaortes king of the Medes with al his army was ouerthrowen by the Assyrians, at what time the Scithians entred into Asia, spoiled and wasted almost to the countrey of Palestina. Tullus Hostilius the third king of Rome died in the beginning of the raigne of Necho. Herodotus doth place Apries the sonne of this * 1.114 Psammis. This king for a time prospered like his grand∣father Psammiticus: but I wil admit Herodotus to speake of this king Apries for the like cause as before: for I finde that he is called in Ieremie, Hophra. To this king many of Ierusalem fled * 1.115 from the hand of Nabuchodonosor, where they were as well en∣tertained as with Nabuchodonosor, for so the Prophet said, that the sword should follow them into Egypt, and Pharao should destroy all that fled from Nabuchodonosor, who at that very time tooke the citie, and brought all Iuda captiue into Baby∣lon, though Ieremie perswaded the contrary: yet they of Iuda

vowed to burne incense vnto the Queene of heauen, and vn∣to the gods of Egypt: but the God of Abraham and Isaac gaue them ouer to the sworde, and destroyed them with famine. And after that Apries had fedde his tyrannie against the Iewes, and had slaine the Prophet Ieremie: afterward he ouerthrew Sidon, besieged Tyre, and had done great harme in Iudea, and * 1.116 the word of the Lord came vnto him, saying, I will giue Pha∣rao Hophra king of Egypt into the handes of his enemies, and into the hands of them that seeke his life, euen into the hands of Nabuchodonosor. Though Herodotus affirmeth (as other pro∣phane * 1.117 histories doe,) that Apries was after the ouerthrow of Sydon, forsaken of his people, and vanquished by Amasis at Memphis, and caried captiue from Memphis into Sais, into his owne pallace before.

But now Amasis raigned king in Egypt, and ruler of Apries throne: thus Apries after he had raigned thirtie fiue yeeres, died by the handes of his enemies. During the raignes of these two last kings Necho and Apries, which was fiftie three yeres, many destructions of countreys and cities happened, as the destruction of Niniue, and also Assyria by Ciaxeres king of the Medes, the destruction of Hierusalem, and all Iudea by Nabuchodonosor king of Babylon, and the warres betweene the Chaldeans and the Egyptians, which continued seuen and twentie yeeres, the victorie whereof fell to the king of Baby∣lon, as the Prophet before had sayde, I will giue the lande * 1.118 of Egypt into the hande of Nabuchodonosor, for wages to his Armie.

This time raigned in Rome, Ancus Martius the fourth king, * 1.119 and Tarquinius Priscus the fifth king. Europus raigned now the seuenth king of Macedonia, and in Lydia Haliates their eight king. Hitherunto the liues of Pharaos kings of Egypt, which continued from the first Amasis in the beginning of the eigh∣teenth Dynastia, which was about the time of the going of the Patriarch Iacob into Egypt vnto his sonne Ioseph, vntil the time of this Amasis the last king of that name, about twelue * 1.120 hundreth yeeres, so long continued the names of Pharaos.

This Amasias, as the rest of the kings before him, was so ido∣latrous, and so addicted to obey Oracles, that hee also imi∣tated his predecessours in such fonde buildings, to carie huge stones from Memphis and from Elephantina to builde a temple vp vnto Minerua in the citie of Sai, that hee much mused how he might passe the rest with the monstrousnesse of the great huge stones to build temples, images, colossus: wherein he in one monument excelled the rest.

He caused a house to be made of one stone to be brought * 1.121 from the citie of Elephantina to the citie of Sais, which is (as Herodotus writeth) twentie dayes sayling: two thousand cho∣sen men were three yeeres in bringing this house to Sai, of all other workes most to bee wondered: for this stone was one and twentie cubites in length, and fourteene in breadth: and also hee made a colossus or an image in Memphis, before the temple of Vulcan, of seuentie and fiue foote long: he buil∣ded likewise a large temple for Isis in Memphis. Thus the kings of Egypt stroue one after another, to excell in their workes and vaine monuments.

In the time of this king, a lawe was made in Egypt, that in euery Prouince of Egypt the President thereof should take * 1.122 accompt, and examine the youthes of their prouinces, how and after what sort they liued: for to see an idle man in E∣gypt that could not answere for himselfe howe hee liued, it was death: and therefore to auoyde idlenesse, they were thus compelled by the Kings of Egypt, to carie stones to the building of Piramides, temples, Colossus, Labirinthes, and such like.

This law afterward was by Solon brought to Greece, for So∣lon was in Egypt in the time of the last Amasis. Pomponius Mela saith, that in the raigne of Amasis were twentie thousand ci∣ties, Herodotus saith, one thousand and twentie cities: for old * 1.123 Egypt in times past was very great and large, for hard by the marches of Affricke in the shore standeth Alexandria: on the borders of Arabia is the citie of Pelusium: other faire cities are farre from the sea, as Memphis, Sai, Bubastis, Elephantina and

and Thebes, which is reported to haue an 100. brasen gates, and so many princes pallaces. Many good lawes are writ∣ten among the Egyptians by Sasiches and by Sesostris, but speci∣ally by Bocchoris, of whose lawes I wil set dowme some few as Diodorus wrote them, to the nomber of 17.

1. The first law was, that none might violate their gods with othes: the offenders herein were punished as false to God and man.

2. If any ayded not a man iniuried or beaten, or robbed by any man, either vpon the way as he trauailed, or in the place where he dwelt, he was to die for it, if he might haue helped it: else to publish, and to call for helpe.

3. False witnes was so punished, by a decree made for that purpose: the punishment that hee that was accused should haue, being proued, should be for the false accuser not being proued.

4. Against idlenes, all the names of the citie, parish, or countrey, are brought and recorded with the magistrates of the prouinces, & are examined, how they are occupied, how they liue, of what trade or trafique he or they be of: if he be found idle, he shall die by the lawe in Egypt: this law Solon caried with him from Egypt to Athens.

5. If any man killed a freeman, or a seruant, death was his punishment.

6. If the father killed the sonne, he was free frō death, but he should for three dayes be punished as the decree was made in that behalfe: for the Egyptians thought not the fa∣ther worthy of death for killing of his sōne, quia auctor fuit.

7. For the sonne that killed his father, the greatest tor∣ments that might be deuised was by lawe appointed for him, for to take the life of him away, which gaue him life.

8. If a woman with child, by law be condemned to die, she is reserued vntill the childe be borne: for the Egyptians thinke it not fit that two should be punished, when one

had offended, and that the giltlesse with the giltie should be condemned: Iniquum enim iustum cum iniusto poenam pati. This law was caried from Egypt into Greece, & from Greece into other countreis.

9 The souldier that offended his captaine in the fielde, or had transgressed the commandement of the officers, he should not die, but with all infamie and shame he should haue two letters printed in his forehead, as cōmon markes of infamie: but if hee had reuealed any secrets to the ene∣mies, the lawe had commaunded his tongue to be pluckt out of his head.

10 If any had clipt any lawfull coine, or counterfaited the like, or diminished the weight, by lawe he should die.

11 If any man had counterfaited the hand of any man, or had taken away any letters, or had put in any letters in any writings, or found faultie in forging any deede or letters, he should haue both his hands cut off.

12 If any had violated by force any maid or free woman, he should haue that member punished that had offended, his priuie members cut off: if by consent the man and wo∣man sinned, it was by lawe appointed that the man should be beaten with roddes to the nūber of a thousand stripes, and the woman should haue her nose cut off, for a marke of a whore.

13 For satisfiyng of creditors in borowing of money, it was by an othe confirmed, & not with obligations made, that the money shoulde be paide vpon the day appointed: for a sacred othe sincerely inuiolated, was more esteemed in Egypt, then any writing or bond made: for it was a won∣der to see in Egypt a man forsworne.

14 For it was not lawfull to arrest any man in Egypt for debtes by the lawe of Bochoris, but to seize vpon the goods or substance: for whatsoeuer passed in secrete wri∣tings betweene the partie and creditour, no arrest was ad∣mitted:

for all the people of Egypt were diuided into foure * 1.124 partes, which were husbandmen, craftesmen, shepheards, and souldiers: payment was made to the creditors by the goods of the debtors, and not by arrest: for they thought that a man free borne, shoulde for no money be impriso∣ned, specially the souldiers, which with danger of life de∣fendeth his countrey.

15 The like law was in Egypt for vsurie by Bochoris, which * 1.125 was brought to Athens by Solon, which lawe was called 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: by this lawe Solon commaunded that no Citizen in Athens should be put in prison for vsurie: for the Egyptians condemned much the Grecians that had by the law forbid∣den to arrest any plough, harneis, and such necessaries for the vse of man, and yet a man that vsed these, and coulde make these, suffered to be arrested and to be imprisoned.

16 The law against theft in Egypt was, that he that would * 1.126 steale, shoulde write his name, and recorde it in a booke which the chiefe captaine, or the great prince appointed: for those shoulde receiue the theft, and the partie that had lost his goodes, should come to his captaine, and shoulde set downe the day and the houre wherein his goods were lost, and the captaine shoulde recorde it in his booke, and appoint him a day to come againe: against the which day the theft being found out, hee should haue all his losse sa∣uing the fourth part, which by law the theefe had: for they so iudged it better, sithence it were vnpossible to forbidde theft, or to hang as many as would steale.

17 As for the law for mariage, it was thus: that the priests of Egypt might mary but one wife a piece: others as many * 1.127 as pleased them: for that they would haue their countrey populous, & their cities strong with people: no bastardes might bee named in Egypt, though diuers were borne of bondwomen, esteeming onely their fathers for credit, and the mothers for their nources. Nowe for their Iudges and

Magistrates that executed these lawes in Egypt, they were elected by 30. of the best and wisest men in euery great ci∣tie, as Memphis, Heliopolis, Thebes, and the rest, in euery ci∣tie one chiefe Iudge with his sociates with him, as were the Areopagites in Athens, or the Ephories in Sparta. Of other lawes concerning the religions of their gods, & their bu∣rials, and of their discipline and order in warres, I haue written of it in the Diall of dayes.

There was also a lawe in Egypt before these lawes, that the * 1.128 pictures and images of their gods painted in tables and set in brasse in their Temples, should be caried in their ensigns to the field in the time of warres.

But as Egypt florished in the time of king Amasis, so Egypt was brought subiect vnto the Persians within sixe dayes after * 1.129 Amasis dayes: for after that Amasis had reigned fourtie foure yeeres, his sonne succeeded him called Psammenitus, who af∣ter he had reigned sixe yeeres, was ouerthrowen by Camby∣ses * 1.130 king of Persia, which came from Persia into Egypt, to re∣uenge the wrong which hee receiued at Amasis hand, who refused to giue his owne daughter in mariage to the king of of Persia, but deceiued him with a daughter of Apries called Nytetis, which was onely left aliue of all the stocke of Apries: whom Cambyses maried, supposing her to bee king Amasis * 1.131 daughter, vntill Apries daughter opened the whole matter, affirming vnto the king, howe Amasis had betrayed her fa∣ther the king being his master, and by that reason had obteined the kingdome of Egypt: and also shee reuealed, howe he disdained to giue his owne daughter, but tooke me vp being left desolate and comfortlesse, and willed mee to * 1.132 faine my selfe to bee his daughter. These floutes and scoffes of Amasis, kindled wrath in Cambyses to come in armes into Egypt, but before he came, Amasis died.

Notwithstanding after he had conquered his sonne Psam∣menitus, and had possessed the kingdome of Egypt, hee went from Memphis vnto Sai, to satisfie his wrath vpon Amasis: and

though he was before buried, yet hee caused his carcas to be brought before him, and cōmaunded it first to be whipt and * 1.133 scourged, then thrust him through with daggers & bodkins, after this he haled & lugged it through the Citie of Sai, with all contempts that might be inuented, and last he caused it to be burned, which was against the maner of the Egyptians: for they suppose the fire to be a liuing creature, because the fire deuoureth all things, and at last deuoureth it selfe.

Thus the olde auncient kings of Egypt continued a thou∣sand * 1.134 two hundred yeeres, before they were conquered by a∣ny nation: and though they were by the kings of Assyria and of Chaldea, which then florished chiefely, often assaulted, yet they neuer lost the proper names of their kings which were called Pharaos, vntill Cambyses time, which continued vnder the Persians a hundred thirtie fiue yeeres, and after they re∣uoulted * 1.135 vnder Darius Nothus, and kept of, vntill by many sharpe battailes they were againe by Ochus vanquished, who vsed in Egypt great crueltie.

About this time Tomiris Queene of the Massegets, and Tar∣quinius superbus, the last king of the Romanes reigned in Rome: for the Romanes lost their kings, and the Egyptians lost their kingdome about one time. Cambyses this time hindred the building of the Temple by the meanes of the Samaritanes, who euer enuied Ierusalem.

Thus briefely I haue written of the state and gouernment of the olde kings of Egypt, Pharaos by name, vntill the time of Alexander the great: and nowe something after Alexanders dayes. Egypt and their kings afterward altered and changed * 1.136 from the names of Pharaos to the names of Ptolomeies, as you shal reade hereafter, from Alexander the great, vntill the time of Iulius Caesar, during which time the kings of Egypt were called Ptolomei.

Therefore I haue gathered together all the names of these auncient kings of Egypt, from Osiris time the first potentate in Egypt, which was in the time of Abraham, vntil Amasis time, the last Pharao which was in Cambyses time the second king of

Persia: that is, from the going of Abraham into Egypt, vntil the Prophet Daniels time, which was a thousand foure hundred * 1.137 twentie fiue yeeres: for before Osiris time, and long after, we reade of no certeine king by the name of Pharao, but of some gouernment called Dynastia, at what time in euery prouince of Egypt, before Egypt had the name of Egypt, certeine poten∣tates gouerned for the space of fiftene Dynasties. Hence grew that vaine opinion of the priests of Egypt, that they were the anciētest nation in the world, & that the starres altered their * 1.138 courses foure times, and the sunne twise since they first inha∣bited Egypt, recording in their chronicles the names of three hundred & thirtie kings, and before their kings the gouern∣ment of those whom they called Heroas, or Deos, which reig∣ned eighteene thousand yeeres.

But leauing them to their fabulous antiquitie, I haue set downe all the names of Pharaos that I coulde reade in Mane∣thon, Eusebius, Diodorus, Herodot, and Melancthon, beginning at Osiris, which was that Pharao to whom Abraham came vnto, in the sixteene Dynastia of Egypt, from the first Pharao called Amasis, vnto the last Pharao called likewise Amasis, as they are set downe in Functius table, who followed Herodot from Cheo∣pes, vnto the last Pharao of Egypt called Amasis. For the placing orderly of the kings of Egypt, Manethon differeth from Euse∣bius, Eusebius from Diodorus, Diodorus frō Functius: and there∣fore as I wrote the names of the olde kings of Egypt as Ma∣nethon laide them downe, so will I nowe also write them as I found them in Functius table from Osiris, which was that first Pharao, vnto the last Pharao named Amasis.

• 1 The first king of Egypt, A∣masis, named Pharao 25. yeeres.
• 2 The second king was Che∣bron, which reigned 13. yeeres.
• 3 After whom reigned A∣menophis 21. yeeres.
• 4 Then Mephres reigned 12. yeeres.
• 5 Mispharmutosis 26. yeres.
• 6 Thutemosis reigned 9. yeeres.
• 7 Amenophis the 2. of that

• name reigned 31. this king made a lawe, that assoone as any Hebrewe shoulde bee borne, he should be drowned in the riuer of Nilus.
• 8 Orus surnamed the great, reigned 38.
• 9 Acengeres reigned 12. yeres. in this kings time the kingdome of Athens began by Cecrops.
• 10 Achorus reigned 9. yeeres.
• 11 Cenchres reigned 16. yeres. this was that Pharao that resisted God, and contrari∣ed Moses sent from God for the deliuerance of his peo∣ple, at what time the tenne great plagues happened in Egypt, and after, the ouer∣throwe of the king and the whole kingdome in the red Sea.

After that Israel had left Egypt, and the King, and all his Nobles, and peeres, and forces, were drowned in the redde sea, these many kings reigned that helde still the names of Pharoes, as

• 12 Acheres reigned king 8. * 1.139 yeeres.
• 13 Cheres reigned fifteene yeeres.
• 14 Armeus which is also Da∣naus 5. yeeres.
• 15 Ramesses surnamed Egyp∣tus reigned 68. yeeres, af∣ter whose name the land be∣fore called Oceana Mizre∣ia, or Oseriana, was called Egypt.
• 16 Menophis, of some named Miris, reigned 40. yeeres. this made the first Labi∣rinth for his buriall in E∣gypt, whose patterne was by Dedalus caried into Creete.
• 17 Zetus reigned fiftie fiue yeeres.
• 18 Ranses reigned sixtie sixe yeeres.
• 19 Amenophis the third of that name reigned fourtie yeeres.
• 20 Amenophis the fourth of that name reigned twentie yeeres.
• 21 Thuoris reigned seuen yeeres. the fiue last kinges gouerned by the names of fiue Larthes, during whose time endured that kinde of gouernment called Dy∣nasteia Larthum for a hun∣dred ninetie foure yeeres.

After succeeded another Dynastie, which endured a hun∣dred seuentie seuen yeeres, during which time Functius na∣med no king in his table, but were ruled with Gouernours in euery principalitie of Egypt, as Sanhedrin with the Iewes, or Amphictions with the Grecians.

• 22 Then succeeded Smendes, to whom Ieroboam fledde, which in the Scripture is called Sesach, hee reigned 26. yeeres.
• 23 Pseusenses reigned fourtie one yeeres.
• 24 Nepher Cheres 4 yeeres.
• 25 Amenophis the 5. reigned 9. yeeres.
• 26 Osochorus reigned 6. yeres.
• 27 Spinaces 9. yeeres.
• 28 Pseusennes. 35. yeeres.
• 29 Cheopes reigned 50. yeres.
• 30 Cephenes reigned 56. Eusebius saith, that after Ce∣phenes, Seustoris reigned. in this Cephenes time began the kingdom of Macedonia.
• 31 Micerinus Chcopes sonne reigned sixe yeeres.
• 32 Asichis reigned 6. yeeres.
• 33 Sabachus reigned 50.
• 34 Spethon reigned 33.

After these thirtie foure kings, the kingdome of Egypt was gouerned by twelue Magistrates of equall authoritie, which ruled the realme of Egypt for fifteene yeeres.

After these twelue Magistrates had ended their time of fifteene yeeres, one of the twelue named Psameticus, reigned fiftie foure yeeres. Then Necho reigned seuenteene yeeres: * 1.140 this king slue Iosias in Mageddo, & was himselfe slaine by Na∣buchodonosor. After Necho, reigned Spamnus sixe yeeres. After Spamnus Apries, and after Apries reigned Amasis the last of the name of the Pharaos. Eusebius setteth these kings downe in a∣nother sort, and addeth some other names, which I omit to auoide tediousnesse.

Many things I omit willingly, which the olde Egyptians vsed: for as we hang at our doores signes of beastes, fowles, and fishes, that strangers might know our houses: the Egypti∣ans vsed those signes at their eares, that by the markes and fi∣gures of such beasts, foules, & fish, as they had at their eares, * 1.141 they might knowe of what qualitie or condition they were.

For if an Egyptian did excell in running, he should haue the figure of an hare hanged at his eare: if he were slouthfull and * 1.142 heauie, he should be marked with a Crocodile: if he were li∣beral and franke, he should haue the picture of an open hand at his eare: if he were couetous, he had hanged at his eare a close hand & shut: if hee were quicke of hearing, the picture ofa Serpent: if he were iust & honest, he had the likenes of an eye at his eare: if hee were craftie and subtill, the figure of a foxe: if enuious, of an eele, and so of the rest.

The chiefe Cities and great Townes of olde Egypt were thus named.

• 1 Memphis.
• 2 Sais.
• 3 Bubastis.
• 4 Thebes.
• 5 Papremos.
• 6 Butis.
• 7 Leontina.
• 8 Elephantina.
• 9 Alexandria.
• 10 Heliopolis with many others.

These are the names of all the ancient kings of Egypt that I could find: and for that I neither foūd them in Manethon, Eu∣sebius, Diodorus, nor in Herodot orderly set downe, I haue cō∣ferred the state & gouernment of the potētates called Dyna∣stia Egyptiorum, & haue as nigh as I could placed them: for it cannot bee in such antiquities but many errors happen, as I haue sundrie times said of the Chaldeans Assyrians, Scithians, E∣gyptians, and other auncient nations, whereof no mention is made in the sacred histories, neither can bee made truely in prophane histories, for that nothing was knowen to pro∣phane writers before Cirus time, or rather after Alexander the great, at what time prophane Historiographers beganne to * 1.143 recorde antiquities: and thus much vntill Cambyses, who was the first conquerour of Egypt, by whom the Persians had go∣uernment * 1.144 ouer Egypt a hundred thirtie fiue yeeres, vntill the reigne of Darius Ochus: for in the sixt yeere of this king, the Egyptians reuoulted, and these many kings afrer reigned in Egypt.

• ...

• 1 Amirtes Saites reigned 6. yeeres.
• 2 Nepherites reigned sixe yeeres.
• 3 Achoris reigned twelue yeeres.
• 4 Nectanabus reigned 18.
• 5 Nepherites one yeere.
• 6 Mectanabus againe reig∣ned 18. yeeres. this was the last before the comming of Alexander the great.

CHAP. IIII.

Of the second conquest of Egypt by Alexander the great: of their kings afterward called Ptolomeis, vntill the time of Caesar Augustus, by whom all Egypt was last conquered, and made a Prouince subiect to the Romane Empire.

THe Egyptians (as you heard) hauing great warres, first with the Assyrians, and af∣ter by the Persians, vntill Cambyses time, * 1.145 by whom they were made to pay tribute vnto the Kings of Persia, vntill they wax∣ed strong againe that they reuoulted from the Persians in the time of Darius Nothus, vntill by many sharpe battailes they were againe by Ochus the eight king of Persia vanquished, who vsed in Egypt great crueltie, so that the later kings of Egypt * 1.146 were for eight and thirtie yeeres vnder the Persians: but after that the Persians were vanquished, and their Mo∣narchie taken from Persia into Macedonia, by Alexander the great, the Egyptians willingly yeelded themselues to Alexander, as to a second conquerour: hee vsed them with great clemencie, permitting them to haue their former liberties and lawes, appointed ouer them certaine Magi∣strates of the Grecians called Nomarchas, and ouer them two Superuisors called Episcopi, to see that none of the a∣foresaid Magistrates should claime more dignitie then was set downe by Alexander in a table: which the Romanes after∣ward kept, vsing the same order for a time as Alexander did.

It is written that the great Alexander had yeerely tribute paide vnto him during his life, the summe of sixe thousande * 1.147 talents: for Plutarch in the life of Agesilaus speaketh of a king named Tachus in Egypt, to whom Agesilaus came from Sparta: for Nectanabus was a nephew of king Tachus, and one of his chiefe captaines, who rebelled against the king: and being chosen by the Egyptians their king, he desired the aide of Age∣silaus, who ioyned with him being an olde souldier, hauing had in hand greater battels in Greece against Pelopidas and Epaminondas, then at that time with Nectanabus against Tachus.

Therefore Nectanabus committed all into the handes of * 1.148 Agesilaus, by whom the victorie fell to Nectanabus, & Tachus the king forced to flee. After this the affaires of this Nectana∣bus had good successe, and hee was quietly stablished in his kingdome by the meanes of Agesilaus king of Sparta, to whō * 1.149 Nectanabus gaue two hundred thirtie talents of siluer in rea∣die money, to defray the charges of his souldiers.

Thus Nectanabus reigned quietly in Egypt, though vnder Darius the last king of Persia Mezabes gouerned Egypt, who yeelded into the hands of Alexander the kingdome of Egypt, assoone as hee had heard that his master king Darius was slaine, and al Persia subdued by Alexander, who (as you heard before) possessed Egypt without warres, being yeelded of the state of Egypt. From the time of Alexander the great, vnto Iu∣lius * 1.150 Caesar, that is, from the Monarchie of the Grecians vnto the Romanes, is two hundred eightie two yeeres.

After the death of Alexander, his kingdomes were diuided chiefely betweene foure of his graund captaines, specially * 1.151 those kingdomes which were of the greatest fame and re∣nowne, as Macedonia to Cassander: Asia the lesser, to Antigo∣nus: Babylon and all Asia the great, to Saleuchus furnamed Ni∣canor: Egypt with the most part of Syria, to Ptolomei the sonne of Lagi. This was the first king of Egypt after Alexanders death, after whose names all the kings of Egypt, vntill Iulius Caesars time were called Ptolomei.

This king grewe great and mightie in Egypt, and beganne strongly vpon the next nations vnto him to make warre, and brought diuers subiects vnder the Empire of Egypt, whose good successe in the beginning Perdiccas began to enuy. This * 1.152 Perdiccas was the chiefe gouernor of Macedonia, and as it were left a tutour ouer Arideus the base brother of Alexander the great, to whom by common consent the kingdome of Mace∣donia was appointed. Perdiccas supposing to keepe Egypt sub∣iect * 1.153 to Macedonia, and to bridle the insolencie which he sawe in Ptolomei, he leauied a great armie of souldiers, made a voi∣age into Egypt: against whose comming, Ptolomie with al cele∣ritie gathered his army, and gaue him battel, wherein Perdic∣cas was slaine, and his whole company ouerthrowen.

Vpon this ouerthrowe of Perdiccas, Ptolomei king of Egypt * 1.154 waxed insolent of the victorie, entred into Syria, & by strong hand brought Syria vnder Egypt: after hee went to Ierusalem, he plagued the citizēs, wasted, spoiled, & brought diuers out of Iudea captiues into Egypt. Of this king the Prophet Daniel spake in this sort, The king of the South shalbe mightie, and his do∣minion * 1.155 shalbe great: reade more in Daniel of this. Antigonus be∣ing * 1.156 aduertised of Ptolomeis great victories, howe he had van∣quished Perdiccas & subdued Syria, sent his sonne Demetrius, a young man of 22. yeeres, and the first time that he tooke the charge of a General in hand, and that against an old souldier of the great Alexander, trained vp in discipline of warres al∣waies. Demetrius was put to flight, 5000. of his men slaine, and almost eight thousand taken by the Citie of Gaza.

Antigonus hearing howe his sonne was ouerthrowen said, that this Ptolomei ouerthrew beardles men, & said further, he should fight with bearded men. And it came to passe that De∣metrius being before put to flight, was not quiet before he re∣quited the last foile by the king of Egypt receiued, with the * 1.157 like ouerthrow: wherein Demetrius had the victorie of Ptolo∣mei and of his army, which victorie did put Ptolomei out of al Syria, and brought Antigonus in againe. By this time, Seleucus whō Antigonus had driuen out of Babylon before, came againe and entred into Babylon.

Cassander likewise fearing that young Hercules the sonne * 1.158 of Alexander the great, being nowe of fourteene yeeres of age, should be by the Macedonians so fauoured for his fa∣thers sake, that hee should be king in Macedonia: therefore hee secretly commaunded, that both Hercules, and his mo∣ther Arsine should be murthered: yet Cassander was not * 1.159 quiet, vntill hee practised the like murther against Olympias Alexanders mother, and against Roxana Alexanders wife.

Antigonus and his sonne Demetrius, were much enuied for their victories this time, in so much that all these kings after Alexanders death destroyed one another with con∣tinuall warres, Lysimacus was slaine by Seleucus, Seleucus was slaine by Ptolomei, whose sister was maried to Lysimachus. Polibeus writeth, that in the hundred twentie fourth Olym∣piad, * 1.160 Ptolomie Lagi king of Egypt, Seleuchus Nicanor king of Sy∣ria, Lysimachus king of Thracia, and Ptolomei Cerannon bro∣ther to Philadelphus, chiefe souldiers vnder Alexander the great, were slaine one of another.

Thus Ptolomei the sonne of Lagi, after hee had conque∣red Perdiccas, ouerthrewe Demetrius, subdued Syria, and the most part of Iudea, when hee reigned fourttie yeeres, died: during which time Demetrius Phalerius ruled Athens vnder Cassander: and Demetrius surnamed Poliorcetes, de∣stroyed a Citie in Samaria, which Perdiccas builded.

This time the people of Alexandria sent to entreate for the Romanes friendshippe to aide them, if neede re∣quired: This was the first request made to the Romanes, by * 1.161 the Citizens of Alexandria in Egypt: for the Romanes be∣ganne to bee strong, and they of Alexandria perceiuing the great warres and tyrannie that was in all partes of the worlde at that time: And also hauing seene within Egypt more blood in the time of one Ptolomei, then in twentie Pha∣raos: for then Egypt had nothing to doe but to builde Pi∣ramides, and to make Labirinths, monstrous and neede∣lesse monuments, but nowe sworde and fire came into Egypt.

In the time of this king florished Theophrastus, a famous Philosopher, one of Aristotles schollers, and Menedemus ano∣ther Philosopher: in the same time liued Menander the Tra∣gedian, Atheneus the Historian, and Demetrius Phalerius. In Egypt succeeded after Ptolome Lagi his sonne Philadelphus, a learned prince, and a great fauourer of learned men: this * 1.162 king was iust, discreete, and gentle, bent more to mainteine peace, then to procure warres, and therefore so beloued of his people, and hee to them againe so louing, that during his whole gouernment, which was thirtie eight yeeres, the Egyptians liued quietly without trouble or warres, where be∣fore, * 1.163 Egypt for a thousand foure hundred yeeres was brought vp vnder blind priests, idolatrous superstition, giuen to all errours, onely acquainted with the Egyptian tongue.

Now Philadelphus with greater care and zeale of his coun∣trie, then any of his predecessours had before, kept with him diuers and sundrie learned men, as Aratus, Callimachus, Apollo∣nius, * 1.164 Theocritus, Hipparchus the Mathematician, and Demetri∣us Phalerius the Philosopher, which at that time was bani∣shed from Athens, and receiued in Egypt. Philadelphus a pru∣dent * 1.165 and a learned prince, and cōuersant with learned men, * 1.166 knewe well that the Iewes religion, their lawes, their maners, and their seruice of God, did farre excell all the nations of the world: he sent great presents and giftes to Eleazr the hie Priest then being at Ierusalem, entreating him to send lear∣ned men of the Hebrewes that coulde translate the bookes of Moses and the Prophets into the Greeke tongue, that Egypt might be acquainted with the worde of God aswell as Iuda: to whom Eleazar sent seuentie two learned men to inter∣prete, and to translate the Bible.

After this, hee prouided in Alexandria such a famous * 1.167 Librarie to the common vse of learned men, as farre excel∣led all other Libraries: And (as Melancthon sayth) hee cau∣sed many other thinges to bee translated into the Greeke tongue: hee restored the poore Iewes that dwelt captiues in Egypt into libertie: hee sent for learned men into all Regi∣ons,

hee honourably mainteined them and louingly vsed them, that Egypt florished with sound doctrine and vertuous men: for euen then Iesus the sonne of Sirach, gathered in E∣gypt * 1.168 together many wise sentences and godly speaches, ma∣ny learned and vertuous lessons, which his graundfather be∣fore had written in Ierusalem, which hee nowe augmented with care and diligence; and compiled in a booke which is reserued in the Church to great vse.

This king excelled all the Pharaos before him, and all the Ptolomeis after him, and during his reigne he studied to main∣teine peace, and to auoide warre, and therefore bestowed his daughter Berenices to Antiochus surnamed Theos, who offe∣red diuers iniuries to mooue warres against Egypt: but while Philadelphus liued, Egypt prospered & florished with all good successe, but after that Philadelphus died, his sonne Ptolomei * 1.169 Euergetes reigned twentie sixe yeeres, of whom Daniel saide, that the kings daughter of the South which was Berenices, Philadelphus daughter, and this king Euergetes sister shoulde come to the king of the North to make agreement: but Daniel saide it shoulde not continue, for shee shoulde bee * 1.170 deliuered to death, and out of the budde of her rootes shall one stande vp named Euergetes, and shall enter with an armie into the fortresse of the king of the North, which is called Antiochus Theos, and doe what hee list, and shall preuaile.

Hee plagued the Syrians and reuenged Berenices his sister with diuers victories: for hee caried captiues into Egypt their goddes, with their moulten images, and their pre∣cious vessels of siluer and golde: for after Seleucus had lost his Nauies by a tempest on the sea, hee geathered an ar∣mie by lande, and gaue battaile to Ptolomei, but the like misfortune fell then vnto him, and the victorie happened to Ptolomei: for hee was driuen to flee to Antiochia, and from thence to craue his brother Antiochus helpe, which then gouerned Cicilia. Ptolomei hearing of these newes, concluded a peace with Seleucus, and returned into Egypt,

after he had fully requited his sisters death vpon the Syrians.

During Euergetes reigne, the Parthians beganne their king∣dome, who were all named Arsaces, as nowe the kings of E∣gypt were called Ptolomei: this time the warres of Africke be∣ganne betweene the Carthagineans and the Numidians: at that time Amilcar was sent captaine generall into Spaine for Carthage: in this Euergetes time certeine enterludes were ap∣pointed by the oracle of Sibilla, in Rome named Floralia the * 1.171 fourth kalends of May, in the honour of the goddesse Flora for faire weather, and fruites of the earth, like vnto the feast named Rubigalia, which Numa Pompilius instituted the se∣uenth kalends of May in Rome,

After this Ptolomei Euergetes had reigned twentie sixe yeres * 1.172 he died, whom succeeded his sonne Ptolomei surnamed Philo∣pater a cruell beast and not a king, but a monstrous tyrant, a murtherer, both of his wife and his sister Euridices, whose fil∣thy and lewde life is better to passe with silence, then to ex∣presse in writing, of whome Iustine saide, Noctes in stupris, dies in conuiuijs consumsit, letting his strumpet Agathocles and her mother Euanthea to rule and gouerne Egypt as plea∣sed them: for none might lesse commaunde in Egypt then * 1.173 the king, nor none might doe more in Egypt then women: for nothing delighted Philopator, but women and daun∣cing, and whatsoeuer Agathocles would, that also Philopator would.

Against this king, Antiochus the great king of Asia and Syria, came towarde Egypt, and beganne to take and spoile those Cities of Syria, which held with Philopator the king * 1.174 of Egypt. Antiochus comming forwarde towarde Egypt, Ptolomei Philopator mette him, and gaue him battell at Ra∣phia, a Towne in the Confines of Palestina, where Antio∣chus the great was ouerthrowen and put to flight, and * 1.175 forced to intreate for peace at Philopators hande, and so Philopator king of Egypt gotte the victorie ouer Antiochus, and recouered those Townes of Syria which Antiochus had woonne before.

This victorie was well gotten, but not well vsed, for Philopator was so puffed vp with pride and insolencie, that * 1.176 hee thought hauing ouerthrowen Antiochus the great, hee might well also ouerthrowe IEHOVAH the great, entred Ierusalem, spoyled the Temple, slue the Citizens, and made hauocke of Gods people, some to bee deuou∣red of beastes, and some to bee quartered by men. Reade the Machabees further of this, but specially reade the ele∣uenth * 1.177 of Daniel, where the whole historie of the kings of Syria and Asia, of Egypt, of Persia, of Greece, and of the Romanes are before spoken by the Prophet.

There it said was by Daniel, that Antiochus and all his armie should be deliuered into the handes of Philopator, and after that victorie, it was by the Prophete saide, that * 1.178 Philopator shoulde waxe arrogant and proude, and that he shoulde contemne and blaspheme the Lorde of Israel, and the God of Iacob, that hee shoulde prophane the Temple, destroy the people, and in his furie excell in tyrannie, but at length hee shoulde not preuaile: for hee was poy∣soned, and so died after his most wicked and incestuous life, leauing behinde him a sonne by his sister Euridi∣ces, of fiue yeeres olde, when hee had reigned seuenteene yeeres.

I passe briefely these Histories of Egypt, for that in the * 1.179 historie of the kings of Syria and Asia, the kings of Egypt are likewise spoken of, and in the Machabees also you may reade further of this Antiochus: for since the death of Alexander the great, the kings of Syria and Asia could not agree with the kings of Egypt, vntill the last destruction of both the king∣domes by the Romanes, and therefore assoone as euer Phi∣lopator died, Antiochus streight againe sought to inuade Egypt, vnderstanding this Ptolomei Epiphanes, the sonne and heire of Philopator was young, and not able to resist * 1.180 so great a King, hee entred into Phoenicia, and into other partes of Syria, which yet liued subiect vnder the king of Egypt.

They of Alexandria sent to Rome to the Senators for ayde against Antiochus, and against Philippe king of Macedonia: for both these two kings affected the kingdome. Ambassadors were sent from the Senators vnto Antiochus, willing him to auoyde out of Egypt, and not to doe iniurie to the yong king. This messenger was litle esteemed of Antiochus, and there∣fore * 1.181 the Senators pronounced him an enemie of the Ro∣manes. Antiochus being aduertised of this, agreed with Ptolo∣mey Epiphanes, and gaue him Cleopatra his daughter in mari∣age, supposing thereby the easier to get the kingdome of E∣gypt: hee gaue Coelosyria, Iudea, Samaria, and Phoenicia with his * 1.182 daughter to Epiphanes, but he was deceiued and mist his pur∣pose. For he was preuented by the Romanes, and kept off from Egypt: hee was ouerthrowen and vanquished at Thermopila by Attilius and Glabrio, Romane Consuls, and the next yeere after, he was quite driuen out of Syria and Asia, by Lucius Cor∣nelius Scipio, at the citie of Magnesia.

Of this Antiochus the great, and of his sonne Antiochus Epi∣phanes another monster, Daniel before shewed their tyranny: for during the time of these two kings, Antiochus Epiphanes * 1.183 king of Syria, and Ptolomey Epiphanes king of Egypt, the Iewes were most miserably afflicted. Reade Iosephus, how also the Samaritanes molested them, and sore vexed them. And for that I spake of these kings before in the history of Assyria, I will briefly runne ouer the rest of these kings. Now after that Ptolomey Epiphanes had raigned 24. yeeres, hee died, lea∣uing two sonnes behinde him, the elder called Philometor, * 1.184 the yonger called Phiscon: the elder brother raigned king in Egypt 35. yeeres, of whom his vncle Antiochus Epiphanes, a subtile king, vnder the pretence of loue and care of his ne∣phew, became his ouerseer and tutour, rather aspiring the kingdome then respecting the king, for hee furnished Egypt with men of armes, hauing the strongest townes of Egypt in his owne hand, as Pelusium and others.

The king being yet yong, idle, slow, and of no courage, ad∣dicted to all filthie vices, without respect of himselfe or of

his kingdome, fled to his brother Phiscon to Alexandria, where both were besieged by Antiochus, vntill Popilius the Romane was sent from the Senators of Rome to commaunde Antio∣chus out of Egypt, without further delay, which hee was con∣strained to obey, though he did much harme before his de∣parture out of Egypt.

Philometor hauing recouered his kingdome into his hand, and the Romanes to be his friends, to auoyde further braules, and to stablish himselfe strong in Egypt, he maried his daugh∣ter Cleopatra to Alexander, who had then obtained the king∣dome of Syria: but this friendship continued not long: for Demetrius Nicanor, the sonne of that Demetrius vanquished by Alexander, came to Syria, got certaine townes into his handes, appointed Apollonius captaine of Coelosyria, who tru∣sting * 1.185 too much to himselfe, was quickly vanquished by Iona∣thas. Philometor vnderstanding of these warres in Syria, be∣tweene his sonne in law Alexander and Demetrius, he also ha∣sted with an armie to Syria, thought to preuent both, and to haue Syria with Egypt: he tooke his daughter Cleopatra away from Alexander, and gaue her to Demetrius, and both wicked∣ly and falsly dealt with his sonne in law.

But Demetrius had Syria, and Alexander was slaine by Zab∣diel the king of Arabia, and his head sent to Ptolomey Philome∣tor to Egypt, who then was king both of Egypt and Syria but for three dayes: for within three dayes after Alexander was * 1.186 slaine in Arabia, Philometor died in Egypt, and Demetrius Nica∣nor was receiued king into Syria. This time gouerned in Ieru∣salem prince Iannaeus the last gouernour of Iudea of the house of Dauid: he with many battels discomfited the Arabians.

In Parthia raigned now Mithridates the fift king, and in Ma∣cedonia raigned Perseus the last king. In Philometors dayes, A∣riarathes king of Thracia sought the Romanes fauour, and made a league of peace with them. Aristobulus a Iewe borne a great * 1.187 Philosopher of the sect of the Peripatetiks, expounded the bookes of Moses to Ptolomey Philopator. In the beginning of this kings raigne, died two of the most famous warriours of

the world, Scipio Affricanus the Romane, and Hannibal the Car∣thaginian. It is supposed that they both died in one yeere, and both banished from their countreis.

But to Egypt againe. After Philometor, raigned Ptolomey E∣uergetes * 1.188 the second of that name, and (as Functius saith) sirna∣med Phiscon, for the deformitie of his body: but others, as Manethon and Iustine, say, that this Euergetes was the seuenth king of Egypt, and that Phiscon was the eight king. It is not * 1.189 much material, and therefore I will follow Functius, who set∣teth downe in his table this Phiscon by the name of Euergetes; whom Epiphanius called Philologon: he raigned 29 yeres king of Egypt, a monstrous and incestuous beast, farre passing all other his predecessours in filthie wickednesse: he was not so foule in the shape of his body, as he was filthy in his minde: for he kept his owne sister, of whom he got a daughter, and * 1.190 after with that daughter borne of his sister, committed abo∣minable incest. He muthered his owne children, and cut * 1.191 them in small pieces, and made his wife their owne naturall mother to eate them: but he had the reward due for such of∣fences: he was thrust out of his kingdome, and died a bani∣shed slaue, hated and abhorred of all men.

After Phiscon was banished, raigned his brother Ptolomey sirnamed Alexander, as Melancthon saith: but Alexander raig∣ned not long, but was likewise banished as his brother was. Then succeeded in Egypt Ptolomey Lathurus, who in the 3. yere of Alexander king of Iuda, was expelled out of his owne king∣dom by his mother Cleopatra, who fauoring more her yonger * 1.192 sonne named Alexander, intended to make him king of Egypt: she taking Lathurus wife, maried her vnto Alexāder, yet he mi∣strusting the great cruelty which he saw in his mother, fled se∣cretly, letting the gouernment to his mother and to his wife. This Cleopatra after that both her sonnes were thus banished, raigned 10. yeres. Ptolomey Lathurus being now in Cyprus and sent for by the citizens of Ptolomais to defend them from A∣lexander king of Iuda, which hearing of Lathurus cōming, left his purpose, raised his siege, & returned to Ierusalem, fearing

the great armie of Ptolomey, who had thirtie thousande in the fielde. The citizens of Ptolomais when Alexander de∣parted, changed their purpose, and kept Lathurus out of the * 1.193 towne, whereby he was thus mooued to send some of his ar∣mie to oppresse Iudea, some to lay new siege againe to Ptolo∣mais. Alexander being aduertised that Lathurus with al his ar∣mie spoyled and wasted his kingdome, he returned and met at the flood of Iordan, where Lathurus gaue a very great ouer∣throw to the king of Iuda, and (as Iosephus writeth) thirtie * 1.194 thousand Iewes were slaine.

The calamities of the Iewes were such, that they were com∣pelled by the king of Egypt to feede vpon the dead carcases, and bodies of their friendes and countreymen, at what time many godly men of the Iewes were present, beholding this myserie, as Simeon, Zacarias and others. Beside this calami∣tie, * 1.195 at what time the contention grew hote in Iuda betweene Aristobulus, Antigonus, and Alexander Ianneus: the Iewes at that time were so plagued, that Alexander sent for ayde vnto E∣gypt to Cleopatra: for Iustine writeth, that Cleopatra vsed Alex∣ander her sonne too familiarly, and that her great abomina∣tion was knowen in Egypt.

And therefore Ptolomey Lathurus was sent for by his owne subiects to come into Egypt, for that the Queene Cleopatra * 1.196 his mother who had banished him from Egypt, practised ty∣rannie and all kinde of crueltie in Egypt, where hee raigned 8. yeeres. After Lathurus, raigned in Egypt Ptolomey Auletes, father to the last Cleopatra, some say her brother, which was * 1.197 Marcus Antonius friende: this king liued at Rome vntill such time as he was restored by Gabinius into his kingdome of E∣gypt, at the commandement of the Senators. This Auletes is named by Eusebius and Epiphanius, Dionysius.

This king for some certaine offences and discords done to his subiects, departed from Alexandria, and sailed towards Rome, hoping that Caesar or Pompey would restore him to his kingdome: and being desirous to see Cato, trauailed vnto him where he was occupied: and opening the cause of his

comming to Rome, sought therein Catoes counsell, who tolde * 1.198 him how he should finde Rome vnsatiable, and that if Egypt were conuerted into siluer, it would not suffice the Magi∣strates of Rome: which saying of Cato Ptolomey found to bee true: for after long being at Rome, hauing fully satisfied the Senators and other magistrates, he was sent by the Sena∣tors, and specially by Pompey, with one Gabinius to be restored to his kingdome againe, where he raigned thirtie yeeres. Af∣ter * 1.199 whom succeeded his sonne Ptolomey Dionysius, vnto whom Pompey the great fled from the battaile at Pharsalia, hoping to haue some helpe for the friendship shewed to his father, as you heard before.

But there Pompey was slaine by the kings commaunde∣ment, * 1.200 and his head sent to Caesar, and also when Iulius Caesar came after, the like sauce was prepared for him: but Caesar preuented it, ouerthrewe him, and put him to flight, in the which flight the king thinking to escape Caesars hand, entred * 1.201 into a cocke boate, and was drowned amongst the rest for company. The kingdome of Egypt was giuen by Caesar vnto Cleopatra, Dionysius sister, who raigned vntil the twelfth yeere of Augustus Caesar, at what time she willingly died to accom∣pany her louing friend Marcus Antonius: shee was the last of the line of Ptolomeis, and the last Queene of Egypt: for after * 1.202 Cleopatra, Egypt was made a prouince vnder the Romanes by Augustus Caesar, at what time Augustus Caesar commaunded his lawes and decrees, which himselfe caused to be engraued on a pillar of brasse, and to be set vp in Alexandria for the Egyp∣tians * 1.203 now made subiect to the Romanes, to be gouerned by, in like sort, as Alexander the great, the second conquerour before Caesar had done the like, appointing officers and ma∣gistrates, chiefe rulers, named Nomarchas, and two ouer∣seers Episcopi.

Of this Manethon tooke no notice, and therefore Iose∣phus taunted him in his second booke Contra Appionem, that hee had the heart of an asse, and the impudencie of a dogge, to make Egypt, which was three seuerall times con∣quered,

first by Cambyses, secondly by the great Alexander, and last by Caesar, equal to the Hebrewes which endured the force, and saw the last destruction of Assur, and Pharao. Thus Egypt was the thirde time conquered by Iulius Caesar, and by his nephewe Augustus Caesar, and these many kings of the names of Ptolomeis raigned in Egypt from Alexander the great vntill the 12. yeere of Augustus Caesar.

1	Ptolomey Lagi raigned	40. yeeres.
2	Ptolomey Philadelphus, raigned	38.
3	Ptolomey Euergetes, raigned	26.
4	Ptolomey Philopator, raigned	17.
5	Ptolomey Epiphanes, raigned	24.
6	Ptolomey Philometor, raigned	35.
7	Ptolomey Euergetes, the second of that name, raigned
8	Ptolomey Phiscon, raigned	29.
9	Ptolomey Lathurus raigned	17.
10	Ptolomey Alexander, cum Matre Cleo∣patra, raigned	10.
11	Ptolomey Auletes, raigned	30.
12	Ptolomey Dionysius raigned
13	Cleopatra Auletes daughter, some say his sister, raigned	14.

Notes

• * 1.1

  Herodot. lib. 2.
• * 1.2

  Stra•…•…o. lib. 17. Pompo. Mel•…•…. lib. 1. Cap. 44.
• * 1.3

  Diod. lib. 1. 〈◊〉〈◊〉. 3.
• * 1.4

  Pompo. Mela. lib. 1.
• * 1.5

  The old Egyp∣tians counted a moneth for a yeere, some∣time 2 some∣time 3. & some time foure mo neths.
• * 1.6

  Herod. lib. 2.
• * 1.7

  Herod. lib. 2.
• * 1.8

  Pompo. Mela. lib. 1.
• * 1.9

  Strabo. 17.
• * 1.10

  Reade Diodo. lib. 1. cap. 4.
• * 1.11

  The sundry gods of Egypt.
• * 1.12

  Their burials.
• * 1.13

  The wonders of Egypt.
• * 1.14

  Herod. lib. 2.
• * 1.15

  B•…•…roaldus lib. 4.
• * 1.16

  Iosephus lib. 〈◊〉〈◊〉. in Appionem.
• * 1.17

  Errors in all antiquities of prophane wri∣ters.
• * 1.18

  330. kings in Egypt.
• * 1.19

  •…•…nesis cap. 12.
• * 1.20

  Osiris.
• * 1.21

  The sundry names of Osi∣ris.
• * 1.22

  Diod•…•…r. lib. 2. Isis.
• * 1.23

  Polimarchi chiefe officers with the king in warres.
• * 1.24

  Diodo. Siculus. lib. 1. cap. 1. Orus the 2. king.
• * 1.25

  Melancth. lib. 2. Chron.
• * 1.26

  Of Abraham being in E∣gypt.
• * 1.27

  Orus surna∣med the great.
• * 1.28

  Lib. 2.
• * 1.29

  Ios•…•…ph lib. 1. in A•…•…pion.
• * 1.30

  Manet•…•…n lib. 3. Egyptia•…•…orū.
• * 1.31

  Manethon lib. 2. Egyptian.
• * 1.32

  Alisfragmuto.
• * 1.33

  480000.
• * 1.34

  Manethon cal∣l•…•…th the He∣brewe, Hicsos.
• * 1.35

  Maneth•…•…n lib. 3. Egyptian.
• * 1.36

  Cherem•…•….
• * 1.37

  Iosephus lib. 12. contra Appio∣n•…•….
• * 1.38

  Dynasteia p•…•…∣siorum.
• * 1.39

  No mention of kings in their Dynast.
• * 1.40

  The first names of Phar•…•…es.
• * 1.41

  Amasis.
• * 1.42

  Chebron. Amenophis.
• * 1.43

  Mephres.
• * 1.44

  Mispharmuto∣sis. Thutemosis▪
• * 1.45

  Amenophis.
• * 1.46

  Moses was borne 350 yeeres after the calling of Abraham from Vr.
• * 1.47

  Functius.
• * 1.48

  Diod. lib. 1. Herod. lib. 2.
• * 1.49

  Busiris.
• * 1.50

  Mercurius. Trismegistus.
• * 1.51

  Acengeres.
• * 1.52

  Achorus.
• * 1.53

  Chencres.
• * 1.54

  Exodus cap. 14.
• * 1.55

  Rameses.
• * 1.56

  The names of Egypt.
• * 1.57

  Manethon.
• * 1.58

  Mos•…•… called Onarsyphus.
• * 1.59

  Mane•…•…hon lib. 3. Aegyptio∣rum.
• * 1.60

  Myris.
• * 1.61

  H•…•…rodot. lib. 2.
• * 1.62

  Melanc•…•…hon lib. 2.
• * 1.63

  S•…•…sostris.
• * 1.64

  Herod. lib. 2.
• * 1.65

  Melanc•…•…n lib. 2 Chron.
• * 1.66

  S•…•…rabo 17.
• * 1.67

  Sesos•…•…ris the onely Hercules of Eg•…•…pt.
• * 1.68

  4. Larth•…•….
• * 1.69

  Dynastia Larthes 194.
• * 1.70

  Larthes were gouernours and principa∣li•…•…ie in Egypt.
• * 1.71

  Proteus named Cetes.
• * 1.72

  Ioseph. lib. 1. contra. Appio.
• * 1.73

  Herodot. lib. 2.
• * 1.74

  〈◊〉〈◊〉. 〈◊〉〈◊〉.
• * 1.75

  Ann•…•… Mundi 1783.
• * 1.76

  Ram•…•…sinitus.
• * 1.77

  Good instru∣ctions of the father to his sonnes.
• * 1.78

  Herodotus lib. 2.
• * 1.79

  Wine must be vsed, and not abused.
• * 1.80

  Rewards doe trie skils.
• * 1.81

  A pretie de∣uise.
• * 1.82

  Theft rewar∣ded with the mariage of a kings daugh∣ter.
• * 1.83

  Cheops.
• * 1.84

  Herodotus lib. 2.
• * 1.85

  Cheops daugh∣ter.
• * 1.86

  〈◊〉〈◊〉.
• * 1.87

  Saul.
• * 1.88

  Egypt often gouerned by Potentates and p•…•…incipa∣litie called Dynasteia.
• * 1.89

  Herodlot. lib. 2.
• * 1.90

  Mycerinus.
• * 1.91

  Mycerinus.
• * 1.92

  Apis.
• * 1.93

  Mneum.
• * 1.94

  Egypt ruled by Oracles.
• * 1.95

  Asichis.
• * 1.96

  Anisis.
• * 1.97

  Sabacus.
• * 1.98

  3. Reg. cap. 14.
• * 1.99

  Sethon.
• * 1.100

  Melancthon lib. 2. Chron.
• * 1.101

  Herod. lib. 2.
• * 1.102

  Herodotus fabulous.
• * 1.103

  Iosephus lib. 10. cap. 1.
• * 1.104

  Diodorus lib. 1.
• * 1.105

  Psammiticus.
• * 1.106

  A Labirinth.
• * 1.107

  P•…•…ramides and Labirinthes were made for kings burials.
• * 1.108

  A Labirinth described.
• * 1.109

  Herodotus lib. 2.
• * 1.110

  Ezechiel 30.
• * 1.111

  The citie of No, is nowe called Alex∣andria.
• * 1.112

  Necho.
• * 1.113

  Psammis.
• * 1.114

  Apries.
• * 1.115

  Ieremie 44. cap.
• * 1.116

  Melancthon lib. 2. Chron.
• * 1.117

  Herodotus lib. 2.
• * 1.118

  Ezechiel cap. 29.
• * 1.119

  Ancus Mar∣tius.
• * 1.120

  Amasis.
• * 1.121

  The kings of Egypt conten∣ted one to ex∣cell another in building.
• * 1.122

  Idlenesse in Egypt pu∣nished.
• * 1.123

  20000. Cities in Egypt.
• * 1.124

  Bochoris lawes.
• * 1.125

  A lawe for vsurie.
• * 1.126

  A law against theft.
• * 1.127

  A lawe for mariage.
• * 1.128

  Diodo. lib. 2. cap. 3.
• * 1.129

  Amasis the last name of Pha∣raoes.
• * 1.130

  Psammenitus.
• * 1.131

  Herodot. lib. 3.
• * 1.132

  Cambyses.
• * 1.133

  The crueltie of Cambyses.
• * 1.134

  Melancth. li•…•…. 2. Chron.
• * 1.135

  Diodo. lib. 2.
• * 1.136

  The names of Pharaos changed to Ptilomeis.
• * 1.137

  1425.
• * 1.138

  The Egyptians then compted their yeeres sometime by 2. moneths, sometime by 3. and some∣time by 4. mo∣neths. Diodo. lib. 1. cap. 1.
• * 1.139

  The first king after Israel left Egypt.
• * 1.140

  Necho.
• * 1.141

  The maners of Egypt.
• * 1.142

  The maners in Egypt.
• * 1.143

  Diodo. lib. 2.
• * 1.144

  The whole time of the kings of Persia was but 130. Diodo. erred.
• * 1.145

  Cambyses.
• * 1.146

  Melancth. lib. 4
• * 1.147

  Melancth. lib. 2. Chron.
• * 1.148

  Nectanabus.
• * 1.149

  Agesilaus.
• * 1.150

  Diodo. lib. 18.
• * 1.151

  The king∣domes of A∣lexander diui∣ded.
• * 1.152

  Functius lib. 3.
• * 1.153

  Diodo. lib. 18.
• * 1.154

  Iosephus lib. 12. cap. 1.
• * 1.155

  Daniel cap. 11.
• * 1.156

  Ptolomeis vi∣ctories ouer Demetrius.
• * 1.157

  Ptolomei ouer∣throwen by Demetrius.
• * 1.158

  Iustine lib. 15.
• * 1.159

  The tyranny of Cassander.
• * 1.160

  Polibeus lib. 2.
• * 1.161

  The Romanes were of all na∣tions feared.
• * 1.162

  The praise of Ptolomei Phi∣ladel.
• * 1.163

  Functius lib. 3. Coment.
• * 1.164

  Melancth. lib. 2.
• * 1.165

  Diodo. lib. 1.
• * 1.166

  Philadelphus the onely king of all the Pto∣lomeis.
• * 1.167

  Iosephus lib. 12. Cap. 2.
• * 1.168

  Sirach and his sonne.
• * 1.169

  Ptolomei Euer∣getes 3. king of Egypt.
• * 1.170

  Daniel cap. 11.
• * 1.171

  Floralia. Rubigalia. These feastes are set foorth in my dyall of dayes.
• * 1.172

  Plini lib. 18. cap. 29. Plutarch 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Numa. Ptolomei Thilo∣pator 4. king of Egypt.
• * 1.173

  Iustine lib. 29.
• * 1.174

  Functius lib. 3.
• * 1.175

  Antiochus the great.
• * 1.176

  Iustine lib. 3.
• * 1.177

  Machabees. Daniel cap. 4.
• * 1.178

  Tyrants were euer warned.
• * 1.179

  Polibeus lib. 5.
• * 1.180

  Ptolo. Epipha∣nes 5. king of Egypt.
• * 1.181

  Functius lib. 3. Comment.
• * 1.182

  Melancthon lib. 2. Chron.
• * 1.183

  I•…•…sephus lib. 12. cap. 13.
• * 1.184

  Philometor the sixt king of Egypt.
• * 1.185

  Functius lib. 3. Comment.
• * 1.186

  Melancton lib. 2.
• * 1.187

  Aristobulus a Philosopher.
• * 1.188

  Ptolomey Euer∣getes the 7. king.
• * 1.189

  Ptolomey Phis∣con the 8. king.
• * 1.190

  Functius lib. 3. Comment.
• * 1.191

  Iustine lib. 38.
• * 1.192

  Cleopatra Queene of Egypt.
• * 1.193

  Iosephus lib. 13.
• * 1.194

  30000. Iewes slaine by La∣thurus.
• * 1.195

  Simeon. Zacharias.
• * 1.196

  Ptolomey La∣thurus the 10. king.
• * 1.197

  Ptolomey Au∣letes the 11. king.
• * 1.198

  Catos saying of Rome.
• * 1.199

  Ptolomey Dio∣nysius the 12. king of Egypt.
• * 1.200

  Strabo lib. 17.
• * 1.201

  Melancthon lib. 2.
• * 1.202

  Cleopatra.
• * 1.203

  Augustus lawes in Alexandria.