The consent of time disciphering the errors of the Grecians in their Olympiads, the vncertaine computation of the Romanes in their penteterydes and building of Rome, of the Persians in their accompt of Cyrus, and of the vanities of the Gentiles in fables of antiquities, disagreeing with the Hebrewes, and with the sacred histories in consent of time. VVherein is also set downe the beginning, continuance, succession, and ouerthrowes of kings, kingdomes, states, and gouernments. By Lodovvik Lloid Esquire.

OF THE ANTIQVITIE OF Spaine, and of the originall of their kings, and of their contiuuance from Tubal vnto Hispanus. Du∣ring which time they were called by diuers seuerall names, as Caetubales, Hiberi, Celtiberi, and Hesperij, of which I shall briefly speake in their places.

I Haue almost placed and fol∣lowed all Iaphets sonnes, and nowe I come to Hispaine, where Tubal tooke possession, which name is interpreted to be Hi∣spaine by Iosephus. I will bee as * 1.1 short as I can, for that I would faine come to England, and yet France is vpon my way, where I must of necessitie stay a little to speake of them very briefly.

Spaine was deuided in olde time but into 3. Prouinces: into Lusitania, which is now called Portingale: into Tarraconenses where the two Scipios builded a citie, and named it Tarracon, after the name of the Prouince: and into Baetica, which is so * 1.2 called by the riuer Baetis. This Prouince is now named Ando∣lasia, or Granado. The Romanes at what time they were lords of Spaine, made no other diuision but high and low Hispaine, by * 1.3 the name of superior & inferior Hispania. After, it was deuided into sixe Prouinces in this sort named, as foloweth.

• ...

• 1 The first Prouince called Terracon.
• 2 Called the Prouince of Carthage.
• 3 Lusitania, which is Portingale.
• 4 Gallacia.
• 5 Baetica, which is Andolisia or Granado.
• 6 Called Tingitana, a Prouince being within Affrica.

Of these 6. Prouinces 2. of them are called Consulares prouin∣ciae, which is Betica & Lusitania: the other 4. called Presidiales.

Spaine is cut from Fraunce Eastward by the mountaine Py∣renaeus, which doeth extend it selfe from the South vnto the North along betwene France and Spaine. On the West Spaine hath the ocean sea: and on the South the middle land sea. This countrey is very barren in some places, specially from Hercu∣les pillars to the mountaine Pyrenaeus: in other places, it aboun∣deth in all kinde of good things, for wines, oliues, yron, mines, siluer and gold. The length of Spaine from the West into the * 1.4 East is 6000. furlongs: the breadth of Spaine is almost 5000. in some place scant three. Of the description of Spaine, of the aboundance and plentie of things, of their cities, townes, ri∣uers, mines, lakes, mountaines, and mounts, reade Strabo, Pom∣ponius Mela, and Iu. Solynus.

Of the antiquitie of these people, and of their first arriuall * 1.5 into Spaine, I finde some controuersie, and in many things ap∣parant errors. Both Plutarch and Liui affirme, that in antiqui∣ties * 1.6 men may most easily erre, specially in these first actions of time, when kingdomes first beganne. Therefore I beginne from the Centre and ground of all true and perfit Chronicles, the 10. of Genesis, where we reade of the encrease of mankind after the flood, and of the beginning of countreys and cities: and here all countreys were deuided one from another in language and in kinred. And had not Moses set downe the names of the first princes and their children, and the coūtreis * 1.7 and kingdoms by them first inhabited, we had bene as blinde men, not able to iudge of colours, or as they that neuer sawe the Sunne, not knowing light frō darknes: and they that wan∣der with prophane writers frō Moses and from the propheti∣cal

histories, shalbe in no better case: for of necessitie we must be forced to conferre with diuine histories for the certaintie of trueth in many things in the beginnings of kingdoms and * 1.8 countreys: for otherwise men do erre most grossely folowing their owne fancies, one reprehending another more to en∣crease cōtrouersies, then to finde out the trueth: as Appion ac∣cuseth Herodot for his meere fables in the history of Egypt, and Iosephus reprehendeth Appion for his great lies in the history of the Iewes. And here Berosus, who setteth downe the first begin∣ning of Spaine and of Chaldea and Syria, is of many cried out * 1.9 vpon, as a fained and lying Berosus, yet many alleadge him and followe him of the best writers, as Functius, Ruffinus, and others.

Berosus saith, the Spaniards tooke their beginning from the Caspians, a people in Scythia, as the Persians the Phoenices people in Syria, Celtes people now of France, and the Mores, and that is probable: for after the flood, the arke of Noah resting in Arme∣nia * 1.10 not far frō Scythia, after 150. yeres, people being then mul∣tiplied, came from thence to seeke countreys and to inhabite euery coast of the world. Chus the father of Nimrod went to Aethiope: Mizraim the sonne of Chus went to Egypt, possessed a∣bout the riuer Nilus: Gomerus the eldest sonne of Iaphet into that countrey afterward called Italy: and Tubal the fift sonne of Iaphet came into that countrey which is now called Spaine.

Because I wrote of this in the beginning of euery kingdom, I neede not much to speake of them: and therfore I wil leaue the sonnes of Sem and the sonnes of Cham in their first posses∣sion, & I wil folow Iaphets sonnes, which came here to Europe, * 1.11 of whom I haue spokē, sauing of Tubal, who came into Spaine in the yere after the flood 143. within 12. yeeres after Nimrod began his kingdome in Chaldea, within two yeeres after his el∣dest brother Gomerus came into Italy, and 3. yeres before Miz∣raim (which is called Oceanus) went to Egypt, as Functius set∣teth it downe in his tables.

This Tubal began to build and to inhabit first in Celtiberia, * 1.12 a countrey in Spaine which is now called Byskay: hee made a

towne, and named it after his owne name Tubal, in that Pro∣uince of Spaine which is called Baetica, and kept many sheepe * 1.13 and cattel, for that they are most necessary for man to liue by, both for clothing of the body, and for feeding of the belly: for in the first beginning of time, men were not so ambitious as to aspire great things. When Tubal was settled in his owne towne, he made lawes for his people to liue by, & taught the * 1.14 Celtiberians & the people named Samotes. To Tubal came one Samotes sirnamed Disteltas, a most wise man, yet not knowen, but supposed to be Tubals brother one of Iaphets sonnes: yet Moses maketh no mention of him. Of the comming of Ianus, (which Berosus and other affirme to be Iauan) frō Phaenicia to Affrica, and from Affrica to Celtiberia to his sonnes sonne, and * 1.15 with the people which he brought with him to dwel in Celti∣beria, I referre you to Berosus and to Annius.

Thus Tubal being 155. yeres old died, fiue yeeres before A∣braham was borne, which was in the 43. yeere of Ninus. The people were called Caetubales after Tubals name, vntill Iberus * 1.16 time the 2. king of Celtiberia, after whose name both the coun∣trey and the people changed, as Functius saith: other say, they were called Iberi of the riuer Iberus: but Berosus (whō Functius in all this historie doth folow) saith of Iberus the king the riuer also was so named, and the people that dwelt about the riuer were called Iberi. So likewise of Celtiberia, some writers affirme that it was so named, because it is next to those people of * 1.17 France called Celtes, and therefore called Celtiberia: and surely the best coniectures in things vnknowen are best to bee al∣lowed. This Iberus raigned 37. yeres, and died in the 37. yere of Semiramis Queene of Babylon.

During the life of Tubal, Samotes had a sonne called Ma∣gus: he raigned then ouer the people Celtes, where he builded * 1.18 many townes, and gouerned the people with care and great diligence. Also in the 22 yeere of Semiramis, Sabatius Saga af∣ter that he came to Italy to old father Ianus, and had taught the * 1.19 countreymen tillage and other kinde of husbandrie, he sent Sabus to that people which were called Sabines after, and con∣tinued

by that name vntill they were subdued by the Romans. In the time of this king Iberus, Isis was borne in Egypt, the wife of Osiris, of whome the Egyptians did glorie much: for they found in a pillar of brasse this sentence written of Isis as * 1.20 an Epitaph ouer her graue, I am Isis Queene of Egypt, wife of great Osiris, and mother to great king Orus, taught of Mercurius to giue lawes to my people which none shall infringe, to inuent the vse of sowing of corne. I haue builded the famous citie Bubastia. Reioyce Egypt, that hath brought vp such a Queene. I haue liued with you your Queene, and now being dead I am placed among the glittering starres by the name of the starre Canis. This monument was of the Egyptians much honoured.

Now followed in Celtiberia Iubalda the sonne of Iberus, and the 3. king of Celtiberia: he began his raigne in the yere 1993. after the creation of the world: he dwelt hard by the moun∣taine Iubalda, which he named after his owne name. This is * 1.21 since called of the Mauritaines, Ibiralta and of others corrupt∣ly: he raigned 66. yeeres, of whom nothing is to be written, but that he at that time encreased by litle and litle his territo∣ries, not by the sword (for few people knew then contention, for they had more countreys then they had men to inhabite) but with people, for no warre was yet knowen any where but with the Assyrians, who first vsed to trespasse vpon other nati∣ons about them, euen from Nimrads time.

In Iubaldas time, Hercules Libyus florished, before the Hercu∣les of the Greekes welnigh 700. yeres. In this Iubaldas time died Noah the righteous preacher, whom prophane writers cal Bi∣frons * 1.22 Ianus, and so is in euery countrey painted and set forth in histories. This Noah, forsaw the great miserie and calamitie of Gods iustice for sinne in the first age, & the general plague that folowed the destructiō of the whole world with a flood, and after he sawe himselfe dispised of his wicked sonne Cham, and cōtemned of his posterities in the second age at the buil∣ding of the tower of Babylon, where he saw the pride, disobedi∣ence, * 1.23 and impietie of his owne people that came out of his owne bodie, who to seeke immortalitie vpon earth, sought to

auoyd God and his power, and to seeke to skale (through too much follie) the skies: but they were cōfounded, and their de∣uises * 1.24 brought to nothing. No doubt hee sawe more miserie come to man, and more wickednes committed by man a∣gainst God, then any man euer could see. He died 350. yeres after the flood.

In Assyria raigned Zamisnenias, which in Genesis is called Am∣raphael, the fift king of Assyria. Abraham was called from Vr in Chaldea to the land of Palestina, and after three yeeres driuen to Egypt, for that the famine was so great in the land of Canaan. This time gouerned in Egypt Osiris, which was that Pharao that * 1.25 tooke Sara Abrahams wife away, but was warned in his sleepe not to touch her, and cōmanded by God to restore her to her * 1.26 husband againe. During the time of this king Iubalda, Sodom, Gomorrha, Zeboim, Adama, and Segor, fiue noble cities of Canaan were destroyed by fire frō heauen for their abominable wic∣kednes: and there remaineth in memorie of their filthie viti∣ous liues, in the place of these fiue cities, a stinking horrible * 1.27 great lake, called Stagnum Asphaltidis.

The 4. king that succeeded Iubalda in Celtiberia, was named Brigus: he began to raigne in the 4. yeere of Arius the 6. king * 1.28 of Assyria, at what time Hyarbas Priscus beganne to gouerne in Libya, a stout and a fierce king in armes, and therfore the Nu∣midians would be called after him Hyarbae, for stoute and war∣like * 1.29 people. This Brigus builded many strong castles in Celti∣beria: in that prouince of Lusitania he builded 2. great castles, and called them after his owne name, Laccobryga: and Mirobri∣ga and he builded also Brygantum in the prouince of Taracon.

This time gouerned the Celtes an expert skilful man, a man in those dayes of most honor for his wisdome and iudgement in all things, named Drius, after whose death the priests of the * 1.30 Celtes were named Druydes, of whom mention is made in Cae∣sar * 1.31 and in Plini. The authoritie and credite of these priestes in their dayes was great: they were honoured and reuerenced of all people: their wordes were had in such estimation, as though they had bene Oracles giuen: for at this time it was

rare to see a wise man, or to talke with a learned man: for the Magi of Chaldea, and the priests were not heard of, no philoso∣phie * 1.32 spoken of, no Art taught, few scholes or none knowen, in so much that almost 300. yeeres after the flood there raigned no malice, no pride, no ambition, no warre in the most part of the world, and therefore it was called Aureum seculum, for the * 1.33 simplicitie of the people, and of the plentie of al things which was cōmon among all men: sauing in Assyria, where the first Monarchie began, and quarrels grewe, as you shall heare be∣tweene the Chaldeans and the Assyrians, and after betwene the Assyrians and the Egyptians. So that nothing is to be written * 1.34 of any great exploit done in Celtiberia all this time, neither in any place else, sauing to set downe the names of those kings that then raigned, and to know the agreement of time, which is the touchstone of trueth.

In this Brygus time Abraham offered his sonne Isaac, at what time God blessed all the nations of the worlde in the seede of * 1.35 Abraham. One Bardus raigned this time in Celta, which was of great authoritie with them for his first finding of Musike and meeter. In this Brigus time, Araunus the sōne of Cranus, which was the sonne of Ianus, builded a temple in Vetulonia, and de∣dicated the same vnto Ianus, which they also called Vertum∣nes: * 1.36 and therein he erected vp the image of Ianus: and after he builded a chapell to the god Razenus in Vetulonia, so that now idolatrie began in euery countrey, & the nomber of the gods so encreased, that superstition had the better hand of true re∣ligion euery where, sauing in Gods owne Church, & those 2. Patriarches Abraham and his sonne, for Sara was now dead.

But I wil passe to the fift king of Celtiberia named Tagus, sir∣named * 1.37 Orma: of this king the riuer Tagus taketh her first name. Of this I reade nothing worth the nothing, but as his predeces∣sors he raigned by the name of a king without resistance: with * 1.38 whom raigned together in other kingdoms Baleus Xerxes the eight king of Assyria: this encreased the kingdome, and con∣quered euery where vntill the Indians, for he was valiant and couragious, & very fortunate in all his affaires. In the begin∣ning

of this Tagus raigne, the Argiues kingdome began, where Inachus raigned their first king. Phaeton came this time to Italy, at what time many townes and cities were burnt about the ri∣uer Ister, and about the Cymerians and Vesunians, and the places burned, to this day are named Palestina (that is to say) the coū∣trey burnt, recorded with writers Phaetontis incendium. Esau and Iacob were borne this time: and a litle after, their grandfa∣ther Abraham the patriarch died, 101. yeres after he was called * 1.39 from the Chaldeans, and in 175. yere of his age.

After Tagus succeeded Belus the 6. king of Celtiberia: he be∣gan to raigne in the 482. yeere after the flood, and raigned in * 1.40 Celtiberia 31. yeres: at what time Eusebius setteth down the 17. Dynastia of the Egyptians, where shepheards gouerned & bare rule in Egypt, which gouerment cōtinued 303. yeres in Egypt. With this Belus began Armatrites to raigne the 9. king of As∣syria, a king giuen to idlenes, & to al kinde of pleasures. About this time died Sem the sonne of Noah, who likewise saw (as his father did before) much wickednes and abomination: he died * 1.41 35. yeres after Abraham was dead. Sem liued 600. yeres.

Pharoneus the 2. king of the Argiues (of whom Plato maketh mention in the beginning of his booke,) made lawes to the * 1.42 Argiues, and was of them greatly honoured after his death. In this kings time, Nilus did ouerflowe all the countrey of Egypt, and Osiris slew the great giant called Lycurgus in Thracia. Of this Osiris (whom the Egyptians named Serapis, to whom they vsed much diuine honour and solemne sacrifice, as to one of their principal gods) read Herodot more of this god, there you shal find how king Cambyses, Cyrus sonne, secōd king of Persia, gaue a blow, and wounded him in his temple, whereat the E∣gyptians * 1.43 were more offended, then for al the crueltie & tyran∣nie which Cambyses did to them. It made them to reuolt from Cambyses, and to be in armes against the Persians, & to reuenge the blow which Cambyses gaue to their god Serapis. Deabus in * 1.44 Celtiberia (he is also named Geriō) vsed this time great crueltie and tyrannie: he found then one of the first mines of golde, and after, he found many other mines of gold, siluer, and of

other mettals. This time Mena raigned in Egypt the first king, who instructed them in many things in Egypt, as to woorship their gods, to do sacrifice, with diuers other ceremonies, wher * 1.45 in Egypt excelled all other kingdoms: he taught thē the vse of beds to lye on, & tables to sit at meat. This Mena is suppo∣sed to be Mizraim Osyris, which of Berosus is called Oceanus.

About this time dyed Ismael the base sonne of Abraham by his maide Agar after he had liued 137. yeeres: he left behind him twelue sonnes, princes ouer the people & ouer his tribes. In this tyraunt Deabus time, (otherwise called Gerion) Ioseph was sold into Egypt, and the Indians brought presents & com∣mitted themselues vnto the Chaldeans: for by this time many parts of the world were well inhabited, and some kingdomes began to be populous, and kings grew strong and mightie on the earth: for now raigned in Assyria Baleus Iunior, who flouri∣shed by his prowes & courage, augmented the territories of the Assyrians into the confines of India, and excelled in fame nexte vnto Semiramis Queene of Assyria. Osiris also had nowe gotten all Italie into his hand, and held it for ten yeeres. Ty∣phon became a great tyrant, killed his brother Osiris the iust, v∣surped the kingdome of Egypt. So I might say of Anteus in Ly∣bia, * 1.46 of Busiris in Phoenicia, and so of this Gerion in Celtiberia, and of diuers others who forsooke to be kings, being not conten∣ted with one kingdome, became tyrants, and vsed all kinde of cruelty, deceites, and treason to enlarge their dominions.

When this tyrant Gerion died in Celtiberia, his 3. sonnes suc∣ceeded after him called Lomuini: they builded a great town in Celtiberia, & named it after their names, Lomuinia. These bre∣thrē, after they iointly gouerned the Celtiberians for the space of 52. yeeres, they left the countrey to bee gouerned by one * 1.47 Hispalus the sonne of Hercules Lybius. This gouerned the Celtiberians for seuenteene yeeres, and builded a strong towne and named it after his owne name Hispalis. In his time the kinges of Egypt became first to be called Pharaoes, a name giuen to them of dignitie: for in the beginning of kingdoms, men were yet simple, contented with one Towne, for

diuers cities with a small territorie in steede of a great king∣dome, which shortly grew to that pride, that kings would not be contented with a kingdome, neither with 2. or 3. king∣domes: they woulde faine get the whole worlde, and some weepe with Alexander, because there were no more but one world to winne.

So grew the intollerable insolencie of princes in short time vpon the earth, that they would be called gods, & comman∣ded by edicts, that they should be so worshipped: as Belus a∣mong * 1.48 the Assyrians, Nabuchodonosor among the Caldeans, O∣siris among the Egyptians, Alexander the great among the Persians, and Dioclesian among the Romanes. Idolatrie, su∣perstition, vainglorie and selfe loue entred into mens hearts, and possessed their mindes in such sort, in steede of trueth, simplicity, iustice, contentation and quietnes, which yet raig∣ned among men, dum aureum seculumfloruit.

During the reigne of Hispalus in Celtiberia, that gouerne∣ment called Dynasteia Politanorum beganne in Egypt, which continued 348. yeeres. Argus the fourth king of the Argiues gouerned, after Hispalus had gouerned 11. yeres. Hispanus suc∣ceeded king of Celtiberia, which gouerned them for 32. yeres: of this king Hispanus Celtiberia was named Hispaine: for in E∣gypt * 1.49 beganne the names of Pharoes, when the kings of Celtibe∣ria were named kings of Hispaine.

CHAP. II.

From the time of Hispanus by whom they were called Hispaniards, vntill the monarchie was dissolued, and the names of kinges en∣ded: after what time Hispayne was deuided vnto particu∣lar Prouinces and seuerall dominions after the raigne and go∣uernement of foure and twentie kings, euen from Cetubal the first vnto Mellicola the last.

HItherto you reade howe that the first inhabi∣tauntes were called by diuers names, first of Tubal their first king, by whome they were called Cetubals: at the seconde change, they were called Hiberi, and the countrey Hiberia,

after the name of Hiberus their seconde king: the thirde time, they were called Celtiberi, and the countrey Celtiberia: the fourth time, the countrey was called Hesperia: and the fifte time nowe of Hispanus, the countrey is called Hi∣spayne.

This time in the East kingdomes nothing was done woorth the writing: Forkinges were scant yet knowen, no * 1.50 great warres yet heard of, for at this time reguli non Reges fuere, and therefore I thought it the best course, to set downe the names of the first Kinges, that then inhabited in Hispayne: for all this while, and of long time after, no warre, no victorie, no martiall exploites were in anie part of the worlde, sauing in the East among the Chaldeans and the Assyrians, which grewe by this time so mighty, that they held betwene them the first monarchie, and yet their do∣minion seemed not to extend farre by the sequele. I wil there∣fore bee briefe, for that I cannot finde during the time of these 24. kings, anie historie woorth the writing, nor of long time after these foure and twentie kinges raigned in Spayne one after another.

1 Tubal their first king by whom they were called Cetubals, which raigned 155. yeeeres, and had setled some seates and builded some townes and died.

2 Iberus his sonne and their second king raigned 37. yeres, he also died.

3 Iubalda the third king and the sonne of Iberus raigned 66. yeeres, and dwelt hard by a mount of his owne name, called * 1.51 Iubalda, which vnto this day is of the Spaniards named Gibral∣ta.

4 Brigus succeeded Iubalda in the 20. yere of Arius the sixt king of the Assyrians, and gouerned in Celtiberia 51. yeeres.

5 After him Tagus which is called Orma, gouerned the Celtiberians, and raigned 30. yeeres, hee beganne to gouerne his kingdome with Baleus Xerxes, the eight king of the Assyri∣ans, and at what time the Argiues reared first there, and Phaeton came to Italie. Phaetontis incendium.

6 Then succeeded in Celtiberia Betus their sixth king, which beganne his raigne when Armatrites the ninth king beganne in Assyria and raigned one and thirtie yeeres: this time Eusebius setteth downe the 17. Dynasteia of the * 1.52 Egyptians which endured 103. yeeres. During which time the shepherds had gouernment.

7 Gerion surnamed Deabus raigned 35. yeeres, he inuen∣ted the vse of many good things & found first the vse of mynes of gold, siluer and other mettals.

8 After whom succeeded his three sonnes surnamed Lom∣uini, which builded a towne after their owne name Lomuinia: * 1.53 they also raigned 42. yeeres after their father.

9 Hispalus the sonne of Hercules Libyus, and the 9. king of the Celtiberians, he raigned 11. yeeres, he beganne his gouern∣ment in the 36. yeere of Baleus Iunior the II. king of the Assy∣rians, he did nothing, but builded a towne and named it after his owne name Hispalis.

10 After Hispalus succeeded the tenth king named Hispa∣nus, * 1.54 which raigned 32. yeeres, by whom the whole countrey was called Hispania. This time Iacob with his children went to Egypt, when the great famine was almost ouer the whole world: so long the name of Hispaine continued.

11 Hercules after the death of Hispanus, being verie aged, raigned 19. yeeres: at what time Mamitus the 13. king of the Assyrians gouerned at Niniuie.

12 Hesperus raigned after Hercules 11. yeeres. In Egypt be∣gan this time to raigne Mispharmutosis: about which time Io∣seph being an hundred yeres old, died in Egypt. Narbon raigned * 1.55 in that part of Fraunce which was called Celta, after whome the countrey was after called Narbon.

13 Kittim called in some places Atlas, after hee had forced * 1.56 his brother Hesperus to forsake the kingdome, and to flie into Italie, raigned in Spaine 11. yeeres. With this Kittim beganne to raigne in Assyria Maucaleus the 14. king, and ouer the Ar∣giues Crassus the fiftking.

14 Sicorus raigned after Kittim Atlas, who raigned 45. yeres:

for Kittim hauing his sonne in his steede to gouerne Spaine, * 1.57 went to Italie, and raigned there, and was called for his great vertue and excellencie of minde, of that countrey Italus. This maried his daughter Electra to Cambo Blaston a Prince of * 1.58 the Ianigenes. During the time of Sicorus Kittims sonne in Spaine, raigned in Egypt Amenophis a cruel king, who made a lawe that all the male children of the Israelites, which then were in great cruell bondage in Egypt, should be drowned in the riuer Nilus: at which time Moses beyng borne then in E∣gypt, was throwen to Nilus: but he was preserued by the ap∣poyntment of God. This time reigned in Assyria Spherus the 15. king.

15 Sicanus the sonne of Sicorus raigned after his Father * 1.59 12. yeres king of Hispaine. Phorbas the sixt king of the Argiues began in his kingdome to raigne, and Sparetus the 17. king of the Assyrians.

16 After Sicanus succeeded Siceleus, which raigned in * 1.60 Spaine 44. yeeres: this king came with the Sicilians to aide Iasius against Dardanus, who both were in armes for the kingdome of Italie, and did no other great thing. In the be∣ginning of this Siceleus raigne, the kingdome of Athens beganne vnder Cecrops their first king, in the fourth yeere of Sparetus the seuenteenth king of the Assyrians, and in the sixte yeere of Marathus the thirteenth King of Peloponesus. At what time Troyphas raigned the seuenth king of the Ar∣giues, and Acengeres raigned king of Egypt. Functius sayeth, that Mercurius Trismegistus an Egyptian Philosopher flouri∣shed about this time, a great learned Priest, whose bookes yet are to this day extant, though some doe doubt of the same, as in so ancient a thing men may easily doubt. I thinke there * 1.61 was not so much diuinitie then in Egypt, as Trismegistus see∣meth to write in his bookes.

17 After that Siceleus had raigned 44. yeeres, his sonne named Lusus succeeded him, and reigned thirtie yeeres: this * 1.62 dwelt in that part of Spayne which he called after his owne name Lusitania: thither he brought manie from Italie and

other places to inhabite. This Lusus beganne to reigne in Spayne in the thirteenth yeere of Ascatades the 18. King of the Assyrians, in the verie yeere that Dardanus slue by * 1.63 deceit his brother Iasius, and after fledde to Samothracia. In the beginning of the reigne of this King, the Israelites were deliuered from their bondage and great miserie vnder Pha∣rao in Egypt, after they had continued foure hundred & thir∣tie yeeres there in seruitude. This time reigned in Athens, Cra∣naus their seconde king, and ouer the Argiues, Crotopus their eight king.

18 Siculus the eighteenth king of Spayne succeeded Sice∣leus, and reigned 64. yeeres. That time that he beganne to * 1.64 gouerne Spaine, then Dardanus beganne to erect a kingdome in Dardania, which afterwarde was called Troy, which was in the last yeere of Ascatades the 18. king of Assyria, 830. yeeres after the flood of Noah. This Dardanus after he was fledde to Samothracia, for the killing of his brother Iasius for the gouernment of Italie, he sought no right in Italie, but resig∣ned the same to Turrhenius, who sailed into that part of Italie, called Ianigena, and possessed it, and reigned 51. yeeres, and Dardanus began his kingdome, and was the first king of Dar∣dania, after called Troy. This time Faunus Priscus reigned ouer * 1.65 the Latines then called Aborigenes: for Latinus was the fift king after Faunus, after whom they were called Latins, after Latinus name their first king.

19 Testa succeeded Siculus in Spaine, and reigned seuentie yeeres. During which time Manethon which onely writeth of the first 24. kinges, doeth set downe nothing worth the wri∣ting: for these kings were not heard of any way out of Spaine: they liued so simply, & vnpeopled, without any war or other exploits done: the best is the noting of time, thereigne of o∣ther kings, & the histories of the East coūtreys are by this hi∣storie briefly passed ouer. During the 70. yeres of these kings, Bellopares the 21. king and Lamprides the 22. king of the Assyri∣ans reigned at Niniue. Menophis gouerned Egypt, Minos in Creete, Abas ouer the Argiues, Erictheus the sixt king of the

Athenians. In the latter yeeres of this king, Samgar which suc∣ceeded Ehud, iudged Israel: after Samgar, Debora, and Barac.

20 Romus the twentieth king that gouerned in Spaine: he raigned three and thirty yeeres, at what time raigned in As∣syria * 1.66 Lampares the 24. king, and ouer the Argiues Agrisius their fourteenth and last king. In Dardania raigned Tros their thirde king, who enlarged the citie of Dardania verie * 1.67 much, and altered the name of Dardania after his owne name, and called it Troia. I take little heede to Manethon, for hee doeth much differ from others in manie thinges, and I make as much haste as I can to come to an ende. Nowe af∣ter that Romus dyed, Palatinus succeeded and raygned eighteene yeeres: in whose time the kingdome of the Argiues * 1.68 was translated into Mycena, where for a long time it con∣tinued.

21 This time raigned in Troy, Ilus, after whose name Troy was called Ilion: and in Assyria gouerned Paninas * 1.69 their 25. king: Gedeon iudged Israel. This Palatinus beyng a young man, was driuen out of his kingdome by Cacus in∣to Italie, from whence after a while hee returned and got his kingdome, and forced Cacus to flie into Italie, bee∣yng nowe agayne in his kingdome placed, hee founde the vse of yrons, and taught first the Spaniardes to make di∣uers kindes of weapons. I finde in Manethon that Palati∣nus raigned eighteene yeeres in the first time before he was forced by Cacus to flie into Italie: and after hee wanne his kingdome agayne, after that Cacus had raigned sixe and thirtie yeeres in Spayne: hee gouerned Spayne sixe yeeres. This Cacus was supposed of the auncient Spaniardes, to bee the sonne of Vulcan, for that hee taught to make weapons for to fight in the fielde, and founde the vse of yron. This Cacus was borne in Celtiberia a part of Spayne, two and four∣tie yeeres before Hercules was borne, as Manethon affirmeth: hee gouerned Spayne 222. yeeres after the going of Israel * 1.70 out of Egypt. At what time raigned in Egypt Romascs the se∣cond Larthes.

22 Nowe reigned Dedalus, of whom the Poets fayned that he with his sonne Icarus fledde with winges for Greece into Creete, for the passing celeritie of his sayle. This time Abimelech gouerned Israel, who slue his seuentie bre∣thren, and was slaine himselfe after in the thirde yeere of his reigne by a woman at Thebes. Aegeus King Pandeons sonne and father to Theseus, reigned in Athens this time.

23 Erithrus the 23. king of Spaine, succeeded Palatuus * 1.71 and Cacies: hee reigned king in Spayne 66. yeeres. During which time Iair iudged Israel, and after Iair, Ieptha. Mytreus the 27. king of the Assyrians raigned in Niniue. In the ele∣uenth yeere of this Erithrus reigne, came Euander out of Arcadia into Italie, to whome Faunus the gouernour and ru∣ler of this scattered people that dwelt about Rome called A∣borigines, which yet had certaine dwellinges, gaue a fielde, * 1.72 and a little hill afterwarde called Mons Auentinus, where Her∣cules slue Cacus, at what time Hercules came from Spayne in∣to Italie, before Aeneas comming 55. yeeres. Theseus go∣uerned Athens, after hee had subdued the monster Mino∣taurus, and conquered Creete. This Erithrus reigned in Spayne, vntill the verie yeere that Troy was by the Greekes destroyed.

24 After him succeeded Gargorus Mellicola, the 24. * 1.73 and last king of Spayne, who reigned 75. yeeres vntill the first yeere of Aeneas Syluius the fourth king of the Latins, at what time the Lacedemonians and the Corinthians beganne to set vp their kingdomes: for as the Troianes, the Peloponesians, and the Spaniardes ended their kingdomes: so they at that instant beganne to flourish in their newe kingdomes: for the Peloponesians, after they had had sixe and twentie kings, they were gouerned by Priestes called Carin. The Troianes also were ouerthrowen after sixe kinges reigne, and their * 1.74 Countrey destroyed with sworde and fire, so that the rem∣naunt were scattered to seeke newe kingdomes and other countreyes, some to Greece, some to Italie, and some to o∣ther places: and the Spaniardes euen so after 24. Kings, their

kingdome was turned into prouinces, and other particular gouernements.

Thus Spaine, after it reigned vnder kings for the space of 988. yeeres, is nowe become into prouinces, gouerned by * 1.75 seuerall magistrates: during which time of 988. yeres which their kings raigned, yet were they not herd of in any part of the East countreys: their fame grewe no further then to the Confines of Italie, and to the furthest precinct of Spaine. Ephorus an ancient writer affirmeth, that all Spaine was taken to be but a citie named Iberia of all the East countries: and I can easily beleeue it: for the Romanes during the time of their seuen kings, were no where spokē of but within Italie, not so much as the Grecians their next neighbours made any men∣cion of them: neither Thucidides, nor Herodot, late writers, neuer thought of them in all their histories: specially Hero∣dot, who wrote generally of all Asia. In like maner the Greci∣ans were not knowen vnto the Persians before Xerxes time: * 1.76 for so Strabo affirmeth, saying, nec Graeci Persas nec Persae Graecos nouerunt nisi perparum quantum fama percepissent. What frag∣ments Manethon and others found of the antiquitie of Spaine, * 1.77 and of their first gouernement of their kings, I haue briefly noted but the time onely, omitting other things of those dayes as meere fables and trifles, not worth the writing.

CHAP. III.

From the dissolution and change of the kingdome of Hispaine into Prouinces and Dominions, vntill they were subdued by the Car∣thagineans and Africans vnder whom they were subiects, vntill Scipio Africanus time, at what time both Africa, Carthage and Hispaine were made tributaries vnto the Romanes.

NOwe after the kings of Spaine had finished their kingdomes, and the countrey was chan∣ged into particular prouinces and seuerall dominions, which so continued vntill Spaine was subdued by the Carthagineans, vnder

whom they liued vntill Afrike and Carthage were conquered by the Romanes. While Spaine was quietly gouerned by their kings, their wisemen called Turdetani, wrote their chronicles, * 1.78 their lawes, and the antiquities of their Countrey in ancient Poemes of 600. yeeres olde, as they write: These Turdetani * 1.79 were so honoured of the olde Spaniardes, as Magi were of the Chaldeans, Gymnosophistae Of the Indians, the Druydes of the olde Gaules after called French men, and as the Priestes of Isis and Serapis were esteemed in Egypt: for at that time they were led by oracles as the other countreys were.

The Spaniardes vsed to consult with the oracles of Mnest∣heus, * 1.80 not farre from the high towre of Capio, which was for that purpose builded, as the towre of Pharaoh was in Egypt to giue light to the Mariners vpon the Sea in winters darke nights. Many good things were in Spaine in the time of their first kings, which were not found afterwards vntil the Romans * 1.81 came: for when the Romanes became lordes of Afrike and of Spaine, which was the first conquest that euer the Romanes had out of Italie, and the onely hardest and most dange∣rous victorie, almost to the ruine and confusion of the Ro∣manes, as at the battell of Trebeia, of Cannes, of Thrasimene, and of other bloodie battels seene and proued: when (I say) they subdued Spaine, they founde the countrey so fertile and so rich, that both land and water yeelded plentie of all things: for the Romanes found mines within twentie furlongs of new Carthage, and the mines were of circuite round, about foure * 1.82 hundred furlongs, where the Romanes kept foure centurions to worke and to digge for siluer: they wrought so, that it was worth to the Romanes day by day, fiue and twentie thou∣sand Drachmes.

The Romanes were so flesht with the conquest of Africa and Spaine, that they left no hill vndigged, no riuer vnsounded & no place vnsought, insomuch that Pluto had much to doe to escape the auarice of the Romanes. So Hanibal seemed to iudge * 1.83 of them when hee answered Antiochus the great, when he

shewed Hanibal the abundance of his wealth, and his infinite treasures: this sayeth Hanibal, will please the Romanes, but not suffice the Romanes. But I will returne to my Historie, * 1.84 hauing nothing to write of them since the time of their kings, vntill the first Romane warres in Affrike and in Spaine, which was after their kings nine hundreth and odde yeeres. During which time, they liued vnder seuerall gouernement: the most part of which time they liued subiect vnder the Affricanes and Carthagineans, by whome Spaine was so for∣tified, that the Carthaginians vsed Spaine for their strongest holde, and their onely stay and succour against the force of the Romanes: in so much that the Romanes had alwayes in Spaine during this Affrican warre, some of the best and * 1.85 most notable Romane Captaines, as their proconsuls and lieutenants to keepe Spaine in awe. For from Spaine, Ha∣milcar, Asdrubal, and after them Hanibal had their chiefest strength at any sudden pinch: for Publius Cornelius Scipio, * 1.86 and Cn. Cornelius Scipio two brethren were both appoynted lieutenants generall for the Romanes: Pub. Scipio for the Sea, and Cn. Scipio for the lande: by whose great seruice and noble victories, all Spaine was welnigh reuolted from the Carthagineans.

When the Romanes had gotten Spaine, they were not long after in getting Carthage and all Affrike: yet in the very yeere that Fabius Maximus and Claudius Marcellus were Consuls at Rome, Mago and Asdrubal, two noble Affrican * 1.87 Captaines, gaue such diuers great ouerthrowes to the Ro∣manes, as the furthest part of Spaine, which the Romanes▪ called Vlterior Hispania, forsooke the Romanes, and were ready to yeelde to the Carthagineans, had not Pub. Scipio at that * 1.88 instant ayded the Romane armie with his owne companie, at what time two and twentie thousande Spaniardes and Carthagineans were slaine in two seuerall battels, ten thou∣sand taken prisoners, and 36. ensignes. Notwithstanding the Carthagineans passed from one towne of the Romanes

to another, from Illiturgum to Bigerra, from Bigerra to Numi∣dia, * 1.89 from Numidia passed to Auringes, sparing no towne of the Romanes, though it were to their losse: for through the valure and courage of both the Scipios, being aided by king Masinissa an olde sure friend of the Romanes, the Affricans and the Carthagineans were vanquished and slaine. But yet had Asdrubal the sonne of Giscon an other conducting of a great armie, and the other Asdrubal sonne to Amilcar and brother to Hanibal (which Hanibal all this time helde warre with the Romanes within Italie, & had giuen diuers great ouerthrowes to the Romanes) these two Asdrubals were with two great armies, and Mago the noble captaine of Carthage had the guiding of the third armie.

The Romane Scipios being aduertised of these three great * 1.90 armies conducted by the three most famous captaines of Afrike, deuised in like sort to giue battell to these African cap∣taines, at what time Pub. Cornelius tooke vpon him to giue battell to Mago and to Asdrubal Giscon, and Cn. Scipio with the third part of the armie to set vpon the other Asdrubal Bar∣chinus an olde captaine in Spaine: but in this warre, after that the Scipios had fought like noble Romanes to the last, Pub. Cornelius Scipio was slaine, in the seuenth yeere after hee was sent by the Senators to Spaine, and 29. dayes before his bro∣ther * 1.91 Cn. Cornelius Scipio was slaine. Eutropius affirmeth, that they were rather beguiled by traine, then vanquished by manhood: for Asdrubal had many ouerthrowes by the Scipios: in one battell, he lost 25. thousande men: Againe, Asdrubal the second brother of Hanibal, and Mago the third brother of Hanibal, were both ouercome in Spaine by the Scipios: of the maner and order of the warres of the Scipios in Spaine you shall reade more in the African warres.

Great mourning was made in Rome and in Spaine, when these two Scipios were slaine: for now the Romanes from time * 1.92 to time had no lesse care of Spaine, then they had of Italie: and nowe especially when these good Romane captaines were slaine, they coulde not vpon the sudden finde out fitte men

for Spaine, some naming one man, and some naming ano∣ther, vntill by a generall consent of the Senators, of the Consuls, and of the people, Pub. Cornelius Scipio the yonger, and sonne to that Pub. Scipio that died in Spaine, being foure and twentie yeeres of age, was appoynted to bee sent into Spaine to his fathers roome, a man of singular rare vertues, * 1.93 and one iudged of all the Romanes that were either in his dayes or in any time since, most worthie of praise and fame. For while hee liued at Rome in his youth, hee woulde take nothing in hand before hee had gone into the Capitoll, and there considered with great iudgement what hee had to doe.

This yong Scipio being sent to Spaine, in the fiue hun∣dreth * 1.94 fourtie and foure yeere after the building of Rome, at what time M. Claudius Marcellus was made Consull the fourth time, and M. Valerius Leuinus the second time, lost no time, but assaulted newe Carthage, where the Affricans * 1.95 had all their golde and siluer, and subdued it in one day From thence he passed forward into Betula a citie in Spaine, besieged it, tooke it, and gaue battell to Asdrubal, and ouer∣came him, tooke Mago Hanibals brother prisoner, and sent him to Rome with the residue. All Spaine reuolted from Hanibal with one assent, and tooke part with Scipio: for * 1.96 hee had slaine Carthalon chiefe Captaine to Hanibal, and put Asdrubal Hanibals brother to flight. The fame of Scipio increased, and his good successe in his affaires in Spaine was * 1.97 such, that he recouered seuentie Cities, and many Cities which earst had yeelded to Hanibal from the Romanes, did nowe submit themselues to the Romanes.

Nowe all things prospered with the Romanes against Hanibal and his friendes in Spaine: for one of his brethren named Mago, was prisoner at Rome, and nowe Asdrubal, as he woulde haue secretly fledde from Spaine to Hanibal his brother into Italie, and to flie from Scipio, hee was preuen∣ted of sette purpose vpon the way by Appius Claudius Nero, and M. Linus Salinator, and slaine with all his armie. * 1.98

Scipio full of prowesse and courage after this ouerthrowe of Asdrubal, fought in Affrike a battell with Hanno a cap∣taine * 1.99 of the Carthagineans, slue him, ouerthrewe his whole hoste, tooke his tentes, slue eleuen thousande, and tooke foure thousande prisoners: hee was sent for to Rome, and * 1.100 created Consul the seconde time, and after returned to Numidia, and made warre with Siphax king of Numidia, for that he ioyned to ayde the Affricans against the Romanes. * 1.101 In this battell Siphax was taken, and his kingdome giuen to Masinissa, who in all danger followed Scipio.

This very time M. Portius Cato ouerthrewe a band of Spa∣niardes, and after subdued certaine Cities in Spaine, and triumphed ouer them with great pompe at Rome. Nowe * 1.102 Iugurth being a very gallant youth, was sent of Micipsa his vncle a captaine of a companie of horsemen into Spaine, to associate Scipio and to ayd with him in his warre at that time * 1.103 against Numantia a great Citie in Spaine: this Iugurth be∣haued him selfe so well in all this warre, that Scipio, after Numantia was destroyed, wrote to king Micipsa in commen∣dation of Iugurth, to will him to esteeme of such a one as in all chiualrie and manhood resembled his graundfather Masinissa. Iugurth by this meanes was adopted by Micipsa * 1.104 to be his sonne, to ioyne with his other two sonnes Adher∣bal and Hiempsal, whome he exhorted to be true to the Ro∣manes, and to hold with his brethren. But of this I wrote in the Affrican Historie.

When Scipio had conquered all Affrica, and brought all Hispaine subiect to the Romanes, he returned into Rome with his great triumphes, and left all things in quiet, vntill Vi∣riatus time, a meane Spaniard, but a shepheard in the be∣ginning, * 1.105 and after became a captaine among robbers and thieues. This Spaniard grewe in time to bee called Protector of Spaine against the Romanes. This Viriatus stirred many battels, and raysed the Spaniardes for the space of fourteene yeeres against the Romanes.

They hearing of this at Rome, Quintus SeruiliusC epio

was sent foorth with a Romane armie against this Viriatus. The battell was waged in Lusitania, nowe called Portingal, where Viriatus was slaine by his owne souldiers: yet all Spaine was in an vprore by this Viriatus, and many cities of Spaine reuolted from the Romanes, and were at that time in armes: for Viriatus had giuen a great ouerthrow to Caius Vetilius and all the Romane armie, and Q. Pompeius then Consul was discomfited by the citizens of Numantia the * 1.106 worthiest Citie of Spaine.

And after him, Caius Hostilius Mancinus had the like re∣proch, and was forced to make infamous league with the Spaniardes, so that the stout Romanes were twise discomfited by the Numantines: and Spaine againe beganne to spite the Romanes. This Viriatus kept playe with the Romanes, and gaue them many hard battels, and vanquished many great * 1.107 Romanes, vntill another Scipio came, and brought Spaine as lowe as his predecessors did, and thereby was called Scipio Affricanus the yonger: for of long time, after the two Scipios the brethren, and after Scipio Affricanus the elder, that Pub. Scipios sonne that died in Spaine, by whome all Spaine was subdued, quietnesse was in Spaine, and they payed tribute vnto the Romanes, vntill the third Affrican warres, which be∣ganne two and fiftie yeeres after the second warre, and in the sixe hundreth yeere after the building of Rome. Then * 1.108 Famea and Asdrubal (for this name was among them as Scipio was among the Romanes) were appoynted lieute∣nants for Spaine, who held out for a time, vntill by Scipio the yonger they were vanquished: for still Spaine was ay∣ded * 1.109 by the Carthagineans and Affricans, and both Carthage and Affrike were strengthened by the Spaniardes. * 1.110

After Famea and Asdrubal were ouercome, Sertorius a noble Romane, who tooke part with Marius against Silla in the ciuill warres at Rome, doubting the fortune and force of Silla, fledde to Spaine, stirred the Spaniardes to battell a∣gainst the Romanes. This warre was great and bloodie for * 1.111 the time that it continued, for Romanes fought against Ro∣manes:

for Metellus, who was sent from Rome to Spaine a∣gainst Sertorius, for all that Metellus was an approued soul∣dier, * 1.112 yet hee was ouermatched by Sertorius. The Senate sent Cn. Pompeius to ayde Metellus: yet Sertorius assailed * 1.113 them, and kept sharpe and eagre warre with equall fortune. This warre en dured eight yeeres, vntill Sertorius was slaine by his owne souldiers. At that time Spaine againe submit∣ted themselues to the Romanes: the warre nowe ceased in Spaine, and both Metellus and Pompeius had their seuerall triumphes ouer •…•…aine in one day, in the which day two other great triumphes were at Rome: the one by Curio ouer * 1.114 the Macedonians, the other by Seruilius ouer the Isaurians: so that in one day foure triumphes entred into the Citie of Rome together, so great and so famous was the glorie of Rome.

Then wee reade of nothing done in Spaine vntill Sextus Pompeius, who after his fathers death Pompeius the great at Egypt, fledde into Spaine, to whome fledde M. Cato and diuers other noble Romanes: they tooke certaine Cities in Spaine, stirred the Spaniardes to withstand the Romanes, opening the violence and ciuill warres of Rome, the crueltie and slaughter * 1.115 of their friendes, and the vtter destruction of their countrey. This warre was appeased by Iulius Caesar, after many sharpe and doubtfull battels betweene Sextus Pomepius and Caesar: at what time Iulius made his triumph with great glorie and pompe ouer Spaine, which was the last conquest of Spaine: for by this time Caesar had triumphed ouer * 1.116 the Frenchmen, ouer the Egyptians, ouer Pontus, ouer the Affricans, and ouer Spaine last of all, and brought Spaine subiect to the Romanes.

CHAP. IIII.

From the time that the Romanes conquered Hispaine, vnto the time of the Vandols the thirde conquest of Hispaine, and from the Vandoles vnto the Gothes victorie ouer Hispaine the fourth conquest, and from the Gothes vnto the time of the Saracens the fift conquest of Hispaine.

AFter which time, Spaine was so obedient to the Romanes and so seruiceable, that when Caesar died, and good Augustus had taken the Empire in hand, the Spaniards * 1.117 so honoured Augustus, that they began to make their accompts, and to nomber their yeres from the raigne of Augustus: for as the Romanes vsed to nomber their yeeres from the first building of Rome, the Grecians from their Olympiads, the Saracens and the Arabians from Mahomet, and the Christians from the birth of our Sauiour Christ: so the Spa∣niards numbred their yeeres from Augustus, whom they so esteemed and loued, that they builded certaine townes and cities, and named them after Augustus name, & so continued vntill the time of the Vandols and Gothes, and after them the Saracens.

So long was Spaine vnder Augustus, and vnder the Empire of Rome: for as in Augustus time the Spaniards endeuoured euery way to please the Romanes, in accompting the yeeres from Augustus by these foure letters A. Er. A. which signified * 1.118 Annus erat Augusti, as the Arabians made their accompt by the worde Hegyra, which Mahomet commanded of late dayes * 1.119 to be kept: And of late dayes among the Romanes they nom∣bred their yeeres per Indictiones, which Constantine the great * 1.120 had made by Law to be obserued: for the old accompts and nombring of yeeres of the Egyptians frō the flood, of the Chal∣deans from Adam, the olde Greekes from Ninus, and long after * 1.121 from the Olympiads: so the ancient Romanes from the building of Rome, and so diuers others from the destruction of Troy, and the Christians from the time that our Sauiour Christ

was conceiued in the wombe of the Virgine.

But now all Spaine was brought a Prouince by the Romans, vnder whom Spaine was gouerned by the space of 420. yeres, * 1.122 vntill the Empire was taken from Rome to Constantinople, at what time the kingdome of the Gothes, Vandols, Hunnes and Lumbards beganne to flourish in the West countreys: for du∣ring * 1.123 the glorie of the Romanes, (which was from the very buil∣ding of Rome, vntill the ouerthrowe of their Empire, about 1200. yeeres) there was no stirring in these countreys that I named last: for the name of Germanie (where now the Empire * 1.124 lieth) was not heard of in Rome before Augustus time to any purpose: for during the time of their Consuls, which was the second and the thirde age of Rome, called Adolescentia & iu∣uentus Romana, they had conquered & subdued all kingdomes and countreys, and had made them Prouinces vnder the Romanes.

Now Spaine being brought vnder by the Vandoles, vnder whom Spaine was gouerned 95. yeeres, and after by the Gothes who possessed that part of Hispaine which Gunthericus king of the Vandales had first subdued, being remoued thence further * 1.125 to Affrike, the Gothes inhabited that countrey of Spaine, which the Vandols left, and were lords of Hispaine for two hundreth and odde yeres, vntill the cōming of the Saracens, who againe vanquished the Gothes, and kept Hispaine vnder them after they had ouerthrowen the Gothes 800. yeeres.

And within short space, Ricardus king of Vestgothes called a Sinode of 62. bishops into Tolleto the chiefe citie of Spaine, where he caused the heresie of Arrius to be condemned.

Then in Hispaine (after the Romans) was Luyba chosen, who * 1.126 raigned three yeres king of Spaine: after whom within 3. yeres his brother Leogildus succeeded, and subdued certaine cities of Spaine that rebelled after Luyba his death.

After him, this Ricardus, who beganne to set his seate more firmely in Spaine, and to cal a Synode of bishops, and to plant * 1.127 religion: he brought all Spaine into a Monarchie vnder him, but that Monarchie continued not long: for the Saracens

inuaded Spaine, and brought them vnder their gouernment, and had driuen those Christians that liued vnder the Gothes into Astura, where they made a king to themselues named Pelagius, not vsing the title of the Gothes, but the title of * 1.128 Astura. The multitude of the Saracens was such, that they inuaded all partes of Spaine, and possessed the best places in Spaine, and dwelt there successiuely during the time of fif∣teene kings of the Saracens which gouerned Hispaine: but the fifteene kings continued but 20. yeeres, but this happened by the meanes of warres: but after they continued lordes of Hi∣spaine for 800. yeeres, as you heard before.

This is the fift subiection that Spaine was brought into.

• 1 The first time they were subdued by the Carthagi∣neans.
• 2 The second time by the Romanes.
• 3 The thirde time by the Vandoles.
• 4 The fourth time by the Gothes.
• 5 And now the fift time by the Saracens.

These Saracens placed themselues in the best places of Spaine, in the time that Rodericus the last king of the Vestgothes raig∣ned: * 1.129 at what time raigned in France Theodoricus sirnamed Ca∣la, and Leo the thirde of that name, sirnamed Isaurus, was Em∣perour of Greece, and had his Court at Constantinople.

The Saracens were gouerned at their first arriuall in Spaine, vnder one named Muza. * 1.130

The Christian princes being sore afrighted with many sud∣den inuasions of such a multitude of infidels in diuers places of Christendome, and specially in Spaine which they wholie possest, they leauied their armies and gathered their forces, and gaue them diuers ouerthrowes. This time came out of Spaine into Fraunce 400000. Saracens with their wiues * 1.131 and children, being enticed thither by the duke of Vastonia: but the slaughter of them was such, that their king also Abdi∣marus was slaine among them by Carolus Martellus ano∣ble valiant prince of Fraunce, and the remnant that were

vnkilled of the Saracens, fled, and were by Humildus and Vai∣farus ledde into Aquitania, spoyled with sworde and fire all that Countrey of Fraunce, but still were ouerthrowen by Martellus.

Againe the thirde time the Saracens inuaded Fraunce, and * 1.132 tooke by treason Auenio: but Martellus pursued them, and as∣saulted the towne and subdued it, at what time many of the Saracens were slaine, and their king Athinus escaped by flight to Narbon: yet Amoreus another king of the Saracens, was slaine at that time by Carolus at Illiberis, who persecuted them from place to place, so that he ouerthrew and slewe them like sheepe, and burned their townes. How be it, the Saracens still so encreased, that the most part of Europe was in great dan∣ger of them.

After that Carolus Martellus had played his part with the * 1.133 Saracens, Carolus sirnamed the Great, beganne to warre vpon them, tooke Augusta, Pampile, and many other townes and strong holdes from the possessions of the Saracens: for at this time raigned king ouer the Saracens in Spaine Aygolandus, * 1.134 with whome Charles the great had many sharpe battels: for the Saracens had wasted and spoyled Sardinia, and Corsica, a∣gainst whome Lewes (sirnamed the Godly, sonne to Charles the great) leauied an armie, and passed to Spaine, besieged Dercosa, but in vaine: the furie and strength of the Saracens was then such, that Charles the great (being both Emperour and king,) was constrained to conclude peace for a time with the Saracens: at which time Abumalach raigned king in * 1.135 Spaine ouer the Saracens. With this king the league was made: during which league, Charles died.

All this time that Carolus Martellus, and Charles the great were in warres with the Saracens, after that Pelagius had raig∣ned * 1.136 twentie yeeres king of Astura or of Legio, (for so hee wil∣led * 1.137 himselfe and his posteritie to bee called, quite renoun∣cing the title of the Gothes, who had raigned kings in Spaine before the comming of the Saracens) after him succeeded Pha∣silla his sonne the seconde king of Astura: this was torne in * 1.138

pieces of a beare, as he was a hunting of wilde beasts, after he had raigned two yeeres.

Alphonsus sirnamed Catholike succeeded in Astura the third * 1.139 king, and raigned 19. yeeres. After Alphonsus, succeeded * 1.140 his sonne Phroilla the 4. king of Astura, and raigned twelue * 1.141 yeeres: at what time he was slaine by his brother Aurelius, who raigned sixe yeeres after his brother by vsurpation, and he made his heire and resigned the kingdome to Veramundus which was his brothers sonne, whome hee slew, for that Ve∣ramundus should not bewray the murther of his father: But Veramundus mist the kingdome for his conspiracie and wic∣ked silence. Sillo raigned king, who had married Aurelius si∣ster * 1.142 named Egmund, vntill Maruegatus a bastarde sonne of Al∣phōsus * 1.143 the Catholike, by the ayd of the Mauritanes got the king∣dome, * 1.144 to whom he payed for tribute certaine nomber of Vir∣gins yeerely, during the life of Maruegatus: but he died with∣in three yeeres, and that custome was disanulled.

Then Veramundus the sonne of Bilmarus, which was sonne * 1.145 to Alphonsus the Catholike succeeded, and raigned two yeeres, and then resigned the kingdome to Alphonsus the sonne of Phroilla, and became a religious man. This Alphonsus was * 1.146 sirnamed the Chaste, and raigned 36. yeres: he ouerthrew and subdued the Saracens that possessed Lusitania, and tooke their * 1.147 chiefe citie then called Olisiponis, now called Lysborne. Reade Aemil. lib. 2. This Alphonsus kept the Saracens in some awe, and gaue diuers ouerthrowes vnto them during his time.

After whom succeeded Raimiris the first of that name, and * 1.148 9. king of Astura and Legio: he raigned sixe yeres. In his time * 1.149 Abderana king of the Saracens sailed with a nomber of ships from Affrica, and inuaded many places in Italie, and vsed great crueltie: of whose tyrannie and spoiles euery where you may reade in the Historie of the Saracens.

I name none here, but such as troubled Spaine, whose histo∣rie I haue in hande, during the time that they raigned in Spaine. This time Theophilus helde the Empire at Constan∣tinople, and Lewes (sirnamed the Godly) the sonne of Charles

the great, was king of France and Emperour of Rome, as his father was.

Now succeeded in Spaine Ordonius the first of that name, who raigned king after Amiris 10. yeres. During which time, the Normanes and the Danes rushed into France, and annoyed the countrey much, burnt Antwerpe, and afflicted the Frise∣ans most miserablie. All this while, the cruel Saracens were no where quiet, especially in Italy, where they spoiled and kil∣led * 1.150 all that they came vnto with sword and fire, euen vnto the very gates of Rome, burning all the suburbes of the citie.

About this time Anno 838. the Danes inuaded England, but they were to their great losse ouerthrowen and vanquished by Egbertus: at which time died Lewes king of Fraunce, sirna∣med the Godly. After this Ordonius succceded Alphonsus the * 1.151 thirde of that name, sirnamed the Great: he raigned as a wic∣ked cruel king, who to auoyde suspition of his tyrannie, fai∣ned a conspiracie to bee done of his owne brethren against him, and therefore caused that all his three brethrens eyes should be plukt out, thinking thereby with lesse danger to gouerne his kingdome.

Then succeeded Garsia, who raigned 3. yeres: after whom Ordonius the second of that name, folowed king of Astura and Legio. This king also vsed crueltie, and caused 4. of the chiefe * 1.152 noblemen in the Prouince of Castile to be imprisoned, and in prison to be slaine, for which cruel fact the Prouince of Castile reuolted from Ordonius, and they elected foure Iudges to go∣uerne the Prouince of Castile: since which time (which was 900. yeeres after Christ) kings beganne a kingdome in Castile: for now was Spaine gouerned as England was, by 7. kings, the gouernment whereof was called Heptarchia: and therefore I wil passe ouer the time, and infinite quarels and toiles which continued for a long rime in Spaine: First, betweene the Van∣dols and the Spaniards, after betweene the Gothes and the Spaniards, and then last betweene the Sa∣racens and the Gothes.

CHAP. V.

From the time that the Saracens possessed Hispaine vntill the time of Ferdinandus the great, and Alphonsus king of Arragon, which were the onely first two kings that possessed all Hispaine, from the first Monarchie of their kings, which was 2400. and odde yeeres: so base a Countrey was Hispaine, and conquered so many times, vntill Ferdinandus time.

AT what time, in diuers Prouinces of Hi∣spaine dwelt seuerall kings, which then go∣uerned and possessed Hispaine, whose names are these that follow.

The first king after the inuasion of the * 1.153 Saracens, (which was driuen out of the kingdome,) was Pelagius, who raigned twentie yeeres in Astura.

Phafilla Pelagius sonne raigned two yeres, and was slaine by * 1.154 a beare in hunting.

Alphonsus sirnamed Catholike, the first of that name, raigned * 1.155 19. yeeres.

His sonne Phroilla succeeded his father in Astura and Legio, * 1.156 and raigned twelue yeeres, and after was by his brother Au∣relius slaine.

Veramundus Phroillas sōne succeeded, but was forced to flie * 1.157 by Sillo which gouerned the kingdome after Phroilla 6. yeeres.

Mauregatus a base sonne of Alphonsus the Catholike, tooke the * 1.158 kingdome of Austria by the meanes of the Mauritanes, and raigned three yeeres.

Veramundus the sonne of Bilmarus, which was sonne to Al∣phonsus * 1.159 raigned two yeeres.

Alphonsus the seconde sirnamed the Chaste, raigned thirtie * 1.160 and six yeres. This king raigning, the Saracens spoiled and wa∣sted all Sardinia and Corsica.

After him succeeded Raimirus the first of that name; and * 1.161 raigned sixe yeeres, in whose time Abderana king of the Sara∣cens, with an huge armie vsed great crueltie and tyrannie in many places.

After him Ordonius the first which raigned also tenne * 1.162 yeeres: after whom Alphonsus the thirde sirnamed the great, * 1.163 which raigned 46. yeeres.

Then succeeded Carsia the first of that name, and raigned * 1.164 three yeres: After whom succeeded Ordonius the second, who * 1.165 vsed tyrannie in Castile, the onely cause of their reuolting, and of the change of their gouernment, in chusing first to them foure Iudges, and after erected kings. At what time the king∣dome of Castile beganne. Reade Ritius more of this historie.

Then succeeded Ordonius Phroilla the seconde, which raig∣ned * 1.166 two yeres: and after him Alphonsus the fourth, which go∣uerned * 1.167 in Astura and Legio, fiue yeeres.

Raimirus the second of that name raigned nineteene yeres: * 1.168 this caused his brother Alphonsus eyes to be pluckt out, and after to bee in close prison, for that Alphonsus denied to be∣come a Christian. In this Raimirus time the Hungarians ouer∣came Lodowicke king of Germanie, and both Luitboldus duke of Bauaria, and Burgardus duke of Thuringia, were slaine at that time of the Hungarians.

Ordonius the thirde of that name, raigned fiue yeeres, and * 1.169 Sanctius the first of that name, raigned 11. yeeres king of * 1.170 Astura.

Raimirus the thirde being a childe, obtained the kingdom, * 1.171 and raigned 25. yeeres, by whome Abdera then king of the Saracens in Spaine was vanquished: but Luiterus saith that * 1.172 one Ramirus king of Galatia; vanquished the Saracens and their king, whome he named Abdamara. This time Enechus Countie of Bigora gaue a great ouerthrow to the Saracens, and made the Saracens to forsake their cities, and to flie from ma∣ny partes of Spaine. This Enechus founded then the kingdome of Nauarra, as Ritig. affirmeth.

Then succeeded in Spaine Veramundus the third, who raig∣ned 17. yeere. This king after he had once or twise vanqui∣shed * 1.173 the Saracens, yet they so preuailed, that he was vāquished and ouerthrowen, his citie of Legio assaulted and taken, Lu∣sitania possessed againe, and the most places of Spaine, wonne

againe which the Saracens lost before. This time the kingdom of Polonia beganne.

Alphonsus the 5. reigned 37. yeeres: during which time, the * 1.174 Saracens entred into Italie, tooke Capua, assaulted Barū, destroy∣ed many places, and spoiled cities. In this Alphonsus time, the kingdome of Hungarie beganne: in whose time reigned in Fraunce Hugo Capetus the first king of the Gaules.

Veramūdus the 3. of that namereigned after Alphōsus 6. yeres, * 1.175 and Ferdinandus gouerned at Astura and Castile 40. yeeres.

Sanctius the 2. king of Castile, and Alphonsus the 6. king of A∣stura: * 1.176 the one reigned 13. yeres, the other seuen yeeres: but Sanctius being not contented with the kingdome of Castile, draue Alphōsus out of his kingdome and possessed both Legio and Astura, who fledde to Toletum to the king of the Saracens, who was within 5. yeeres after restored to his kingdome, and Sanctius slaine of his owne seruants. This Alphonsus (as both * 1.177 Blondus and Aemylius affirme) plagued the Saracens, tooke To∣letum their chiefe Citie, and restored to the people the Chri∣stian faith. The kingdome of Bohemia began in the 9. yeere of Alphonsus gouernment: at what time Henry the fourth reigned Emperour of Germany, and Lodouicus Crassus gouer∣ned Fraunce.

Alphonsus the 7. succeeded and reigned king foure yeeres: * 1.178 Sanctius the 3. one yeere: and Ferdinandus the 2. gouerned 17. * 1.179 yeeres.

Alphonsus the 8. surnamed the good, reigned 50. yeeres: in * 1.180 whose time Rogerius king of Sicilia warred vpon the emperor of Greece, and tooke certeine cities, & at that time gaue some ouerthrowe to the Saracens: but hee was spoyled by the Vene∣tians in his returne at that time.

After al this, succeeded Alphonsus the 9. which reigned 28. * 1.181 yeres. Some writers omit this, & Polidorus calleth this Alphō∣sus * 1.182 the 8. This time Illomaniolinus king of the Saracens spoyled Spaine with fire and sword vntil the coast of Fraunce, and pos∣sessed diuers Cities: but all the kings of Spaine ioyned their force together, and agreed with one consent to giue battel, in

the which the Saracens were ouerthrowen, and infinite num∣bers slaine: but Illomamolinus tooke Granata at that time. * 1.183

Ferdinandus the 3. who succeeded Alphōsus. I omit Henry the * 1.184 first, that reigned 3. yeeres being a yong boy, who playing a∣mong children, brake his necke by chaunce at Palentia. Then Ferdinandus finding that the Saracens were sore weakened, and had lost many strong cities, hee leauied an armie, gaue * 1.185 sundry battels, and forced those Saracens to flie out of the Isle Maiorica, and gote their chiefe Citie and holde which was called Valentia, and after obteyned many Townes and Cities of the Saracens: for at this very time, by Ferdinandus Spaine was almost euery where set at libertie frō the Saracens. After that Ferdinandus had reigned 28. yeeres he died, 1250.

After whō succeeded Alphonsus the 10. of that name, king * 1.186 Legio and Castile, and reigned 23. yeeres. All this time Spaine was possessed by the Saracēs, who were called kings of Spaine: other kings that reigned in some places of Spaine, as in Ca∣stile, Asturia, Legio, were as kings of litle prouinces, and (in re∣spect * 1.187 of the Saracens) were of small force. Notwithstanding, the Saracens were so beset on euery side by sundry Christian princes, and so often discomfited and vanquished in many battels, that now they are constrained to call their force toge∣ther: for Iacobus king of Arragon, through the aide of other princes, had obteined and got the Isles called Baleares.

This time reigned in Castile Sanctius the 4. who after he had * 1.188 reigned king of Castile and Legio 11. yeres, he died. After him succeeded Ferdinandus the 4. which reigned 15. yeeres, who * 1.189 plagued the Saracens & destroyed them in many places, bur∣ning & spoiling their holds and fortes. After him folowed Al∣phonsus * 1.190 the 11. of that name, who subdued & conquered them at his wil: he so plagued them, that he tooke their only cities, Alcala, & Bencay, which is called the kings pallace, & slue ma∣ny of the Saracens in the region of Granata, where 200000. Sa∣racens * 1.191 camped, either to recouer their great losses which of late they had susteined, or els to lose their liues together. Al∣phōsus gaue them such a meeting, that he slue of the horsemē

thirtie thousand, and fiftie thousand footemen: the rest of the Saracens skattered & fled frō the slaughter to saue thēselues: but the rest cōtinued not long after. Spaine nowe began to re∣couer * 1.192 her former libertie, & to florish, which had bin so long kept vnder infidels, during the time of 38. seueral kings. After Alphōsus had reigned 40. yeres with happy cōquests, he died, & Petrus the first succeeded & reigned king of Castile 19. yeres: whose cruelty was such, that his owne brother Henry was cō∣strained to flee to the king of Arragon, by whose helpe he van∣quished * 1.193 his brother the king, & possessed the kingdom of Ca∣stile: at what time the king went with his three sōnes ouer in∣to Aquitania, frō whence he came with an army, & gaue bat∣tell to his brother, & recouered his kingdome againe. Henry being thus vanquished, he renued his force, and cōmenced * 1.194 warre with Petrus, in the which Petrus was slaine, & Henry the 2. time restored to the kingdom of Castile. Ritius at large spea∣keth of this warre. Now in Fraunce reigned Charles surnamed * 1.195 the wise, and Charles the 4. the sonne of Iohn king of Bohemia, which had bene emperor in Germany.

Betweene England & Fraunce were great wars at this time: for a litle before, Edward the 3. had gotten victory by sea ouer the Frenchmen at Clusa, whē the Frenchmen lost 400. ships and 30000. souldiers. Henry the 2. succeeded & reigned 10. yeres, * 1.196 Ritius saith 8. some say 6. this sent aide to Charles king of Fraūce against the Englishmen, betweene whō whot warres & sharpe terrible battels cōtinued. Then did Iohn the first succeed king * 1.197 in Castile, & reigned 11. yeres: warre grew betweene this Iohn king of Castile, and the king of Portingal. 1378.

Then succeded Iohn the 2. which reigned 47. yeres, yet Fun∣ctius placeth Henry 3. king of Castile after Iohn the first, which * 1.198 reigned 16. yeres: of whō reade Polidor, how he established his * 1.199 kingdom: for I may not be longin dilating histories, but brief∣ly passe ouer the names of the kings that reigned in Spaine, & of their wars, first with the Carthagineās, then with the Romās, then with the Vādales, & the last, & the most dangerous wars they had with the Saracens, and after the Saracens, the ciuill

warres they had to bring Spaine to a monarchie. Nowe after Iohn the 2. had raigned 47. yeres he died: during which time, Sigismundus king of Hungaria was created Emperor of Germa∣nie, and Charles the seuenth raigned king of Fraunce, which Fraunce at that instant was most miserably wasted and spoy∣led * 1.200 by Henrie the fift king of England, who also was crowned king of Fraunce in the chiefe citie of Paris, where he kept his Christmas. Neither Paul. Aemilius, nor Arnoldus Ferronus make mention of this warre, neither Tilius in his Chronicles of the kings of Fraunce, seemeth to make any great matter of it, but that the Frenchmen through discord & ciuil dissention, were ouerthrowen in a battell by Henrie the fift: but they coulde speake more of Martellus for his victories against the Sara∣cens, of Faramundus, of Charles the great, whose greatnesse was * 1.201 neuer such as to be crowned king in Englande, as Henrie the fift was in Paris: but they want no writers to set foorth their glorie. The decay of the Empire made them to flourish by meanes of the Popes, who euer ayded them in any great acti∣ons, and at last the Popes brought France to Rome. After this, succeeded in Spaine Henrie the fourth, who raigned 23. yeres: * 1.202 this time died Fla. Blondus a learned Chronographer at Rome, 1463. when Lewys the 11. raigned king of Fraunce.

Ferdinandus surnamed the great, succeeded king of Spaine, * 1.203 and raigned 41. yeres. In this kings time the whole kingdom of Spaine was deuided betweene Ferdinandus and Alphon∣sus king of Portingal, and Iohn king of Tarracon, Nauarre, * 1.204 Sicilia, and of the yle Maiorica, and of al that parte of Spaine, when he died, hee gaue to this Ferdinandus Alphonsus sonne, who for his often great victories against the Saracens, and ma∣ny other good successes in other warres, was thereby named Ferdinandus the great, and also surnamed the Catholike: for * 1.205 he had gotten the kingdome of Granata by the sword, and ex∣cluded all infidels and Saracens thence, and in their roome planted religion, and placed Christians. This was the first time that all Spaine was gouerned by two kinges, the one in Portingall, the other in Spayne: for vntill Ferdinandus and Al∣phonsus

time, Spaine was (as you heard) by the Saracens posses∣sed: before the Saracens, by the Gothes: before the Gothes, by the * 1.206 Vandales: before the Vandales, by the Romanes: before the Ro∣manes by the Carthagineans: so long to so many kingdoms was Spaine subiect: for of all nations in the world, they were onely the longest in slauery and bondage vnder strange & forraine kings. They were from Hispanus time the 9. king of Spaine after Tubal, after whose name the countrie was first called Hispaine, 2200. yeeres past, & Spaine continued that name vnder bon∣dage for the space of 2100. yeeres, which was from Hispanus vnto the time of Ferdinandus and Alphonsus king of Portingal who first began to be acquainted with the Indians.

This Alphonsus king of Portingal dyed of a fall which he had * 1.207 from his horse, & afterward his brother named Emanuel suc∣ceeded, who made great preparation to saile to India. About this time dyed Philip Archduke of Austria, father to Charles the fift, at Bruggis in Spaine: and Frederike the third Archduke of Austria, was elected Emperour of Germany.

After Ferdinandus the great had reigned 41. yeres, succee∣ded * 1.208 Charles Archduke of Austria to be king in Spaine, who also was elected Emperour of Germany: for he was crowned king of Spaine and of Sicile the seuenth day of Februarie 1518. and reigned 43. yeeres. Vnder this king Charles the fift, the Spani∣ards gote many victories in diuers countries: they tamed the Affricanes, and subdued Holand, Flanders, and places in Germa∣nie: they were skant knowen for all their vauntes and bragges * 1.209 before Charles the fifts time: then they beganne to trauaile countries, and to finde prayes and spoyles, so that nowe a world cannot conteyne them, forgetting that they were vas∣sales and subiects, first to the Affricanes, then to the Carthagi∣neans, next to the Romanes, after to the Gothes, and last of all to the Saracēs, who possessed well nigh al Spaine for many yeres, they are so glorious of their enterprises, so proude of their victories. But as we reade one kingdome to rise by the ruine of another: as the Assyrians began to florish by the decay of * 1.210 the Chaldeans, the Persians by the fall of the Assyrians, the Ma∣cedonians

by the Persians, the Romanes by the Macedonians, and * 1.211 now Germany by the ruine of Rome: euen so ma•…•…y a man speak of Spaine. By the late decay of Naples, Hierusalem, Sicile, and o∣ther countreies, Spaine beginneth to flourish being wel aided thereunto by the Indians: they which were as dead men, bond slaues, and subiects in the worlde, neither knowne nor heard of for the space of 2000. and odde yeeres, became so sudenly * 1.212 great and mighty, that they thinke wel of no nation but them selues, by their furie and wicked rage.

It seemeth that they should not long endure, vnlesse God raised them for scourges and plagues for the punishment of sinne, & to punish other, as they were before punished of the Saracenes and infidels. But consider the time, howe after 600. yeeres the pope the Romane bishop, and Mahomet the prophet of the Saracenes began at one time: the one in Arabia, the o∣ther * 1.213 in Rome. This priest in Rome, and this false prophet in A∣rabia, brought all the world welnigh to commitidolatry, and to liue in awe and feare of them: and now of late, the Turkes and the Spaniards reuiue the memorie of the tyranny of the Saracenes, the one mainteining the idolatry of the Pope, the other defending the wickednes of Mahomet.

Thus much I write of Spaine, during the time of their long bondage vnder so many nations as you hearde. I haue put downe the names and the numbers of their first kings, which were 24. at their first comming into Spaine, and then of their * 1.214 seueral gouernment vnder particular magistrates, & then of their subiection vnder the Carthagenians, & after vnder the Ro∣manes, & then vnder the Gothes, and last vnder the Saracens: so long the Saracens gouerned as kings in Spaine, as 40. seuerall kings of Spaine liued, and gouerned as mean and simple kings in few places of Spaine, as in Astura, Legio, and Castile.

But now from the time of this Ferdinandus, which raigned king in Spaine 41. yeeres, their chiefe credite & renowme ap∣peared, * 1.215 but specially vnder Charles the fift, who gouerned the kingdome of Spaine 43. yeeres, & the Empire of Germanie for * 1.216 39. yeeres with great glory & fame. After whom succeeded in

the Empire his brother Ferdinandus, to whom he resigned the empire aliue at Frankford, & after went with both his sisters, Mary and Leonora, into Spaine, where he died in a Monasterie vpon the 20. of September, where succeeded him his sōne Philp that now liueth: of whose large territories, great possessions, mynes, treasures of India, bookes are full and set onely foorth for that purpose, so that I neede not to speake thereof.

Notes

• * 1.1

  Melanct. lib. 1.
• * 1.2

  Baetica now called Ando∣losia.
• * 1.3

  The Romanes made but two Prouinces of Hispaine.
• * 1.4

  Reade of Hi∣spaine, Strabo lib. 2. & 3.
• * 1.5

  Pomp. Mela lib. 2. cap. 6.
• * 1.6

  Liui lib. 2.
• * 1.7

  All writers are to holde by Moses.
• * 1.8

  Controuersie.
• * 1.9

  Contentions among Histo∣rians.
• * 1.10

  From whence came the peo∣ple after the flood to seeke dwellings.
• * 1.11

  The time of Tubals com∣ming to Hi∣spaine.
• * 1.12

  Celtiberia cal∣led now Byska•…•….
• * 1.13

  The simplici∣tie of the first kings, not only of Hispaine, but euery where.
• * 1.14

  Berosus in Nino.
• * 1.15

  Annius de reg. Hispaniae.
• * 1.16

  Tubal died.
• * 1.17

  Coniectures in old antiqui∣ties allowed.
• * 1.18

  Berosus.
• * 1.19

  Sabatius Saga.
• * 1.20

  The monu∣ment of Isis •…•…n Egypt.
• * 1.21

  Manethon de reg Hispan•…•…e.
• * 1.22

  Noah died in Iubaldas time.
• * 1.23

  The towne of Babylon.
• * 1.24

  Noth died af∣ter hee had seene in the world more miserie then any man: for that he sawe before the flood and af∣ter, the idola∣trie of the people.
• * 1.25

  Genesis 12.
• * 1.26

  Pentapolis fiue cities de∣stroyed.
• * 1.27

  Stagnum As∣phaltidis.
• * 1.28

  Brigus the 4. king.
• * 1.29

  The Numidi∣ans would be called Hyarbae.
• * 1.30

  Drius.
• * 1.31

  Druydes priests
• * 1.32

  The simplici∣tie of the first age after the flood.
• * 1.33

  Aureum secu∣lum.
• * 1.34

  Consent of time the touchstone of trueth.
• * 1.35

  Genesis 22.
• * 1.36

  A temple buil∣ded and de∣dicated to Ia∣nus.
• * 1.37

  Tagus the fift king.
• * 1.38

  The old kings of Hispaine are set downe by Manethon, as the kings of Assyria are by Berosus.
• * 1.39

  Abraham died.
• * 1.40

  Belus the sixt king.
• * 1.41

  Sem liued 600. yeeres.
• * 1.42

  Plato in Ti∣m•…•…o.
• * 1.43

  Herodot. lib. 2. and 3.
• * 1.44

  Deabus found the first mines of golde.
• * 1.45

  Mena is sup∣posed to be O∣siris, which Moses calleth Mizraim, and whom Berosus calleth Ocea∣nus.
• * 1.46

  Triphon, An∣teus, Gerion, & Busiris sound tyrants.
• * 1.47

  Annius de re∣gibus Hispani•…•….
• * 1.48

  Med called gods.
• * 1.49

  The kings of Celtiberia were called kings of Hispaine, a∣bout that time that the kings of Egypt were called Pharao∣nes.
• * 1.50

  Nothing a∣mong the old kings of Assy∣ria and of Hi∣spaine worth the writing.
• * 1.51

  Manethon would fayne haue had cause to write of old Hispaine.
• * 1.52

  The 17. Dyna∣steia of Egypt which endu∣red 103. yeres.
• * 1.53

  Lomuini.
• * 1.54

  From this Hi∣spanus the coū∣trey of Hi∣spaine was na∣med.
• * 1.55

  Narbon.
• * 1.56

  Annius de reg. Hisp.
• * 1.57

  Kittim Atlas.
• * 1.58

  Manethon de reg. Hispaniae.
• * 1.59

  〈◊〉〈◊〉. Sicanus is 〈◊〉〈◊〉. 〈◊〉〈◊〉 of Spaine.
• * 1.60

  Siceleus.
• * 1.61

  Hermes Tris∣megistus.
• * 1.62

  Lusius 17. king of Hispaine.
• * 1.63

  The onely vse of this history is for consent of time.
• * 1.64

  〈◊〉〈◊〉 kings of •…•…ria, and the •…•…nges of Hispaine go∣uerned about one time.
• * 1.65

  Faunus Priscus.
• * 1.66

  Romus 20. king.
• * 1.67

  Manethon do∣eth write more of these histor•…•…es.
• * 1.68

  Palatinus.
• * 1.69

  Cacus founde first the vse of yrons.
• * 1.70

  Manethon. de reg. Hispan.
• * 1.71

  Erythrus 23. king of Hi∣spaine.
• * 1.72

  Aborigenes.
• * 1.73

  Gargorus Mel∣licola the last king of Hi∣spaine. Halicar. lib. 1.
• * 1.74

  The kings of Hispaine end their monar∣chie about the time that the Greciaus de∣stroyed Troy.
• * 1.75

  Hispaine deui∣ded into pro∣uinces after the raigne of 24. Kings.
• * 1.76

  Ioseph. lib. 2. cont. Apio.
• * 1.77

  Strab. lib. 3.
• * 1.78

  Strab. lib. 3.
• * 1.79

  Turdetani were wise men of Hispaine.
• * 1.80

  The oracles of Mnestheus.
• * 1.81

  The commo∣ditie of Hi∣spaine not well knowen be∣fore the Ro∣manes time.
• * 1.82

  Mines found by the Romans in Hispaine.
• * 1.83

  The auarice of the Ro∣manes.
• * 1.84

  Hispaine was gouerned by seueral Magi∣strates in di∣uers prouin∣ces for nine hundred yeres after their kings.
• * 1.85

  The first sub∣iection vnder the Carthagi∣neans.
• * 1.86

  The two Scipio•…•….
• * 1.87

  Asdrub. Mago.
• * 1.88

  The great victories of Pub. Scipio ouer the Hi∣spaniardes and Carthagineans.
• * 1.89

  Bigerra the va∣lure of the two Scipios.
• * 1.90

  Three great captaines of Africa.
• * 1.91

  Reade Liui. lib. 5. dec. 3.
• * 1.92

  The two Scipios slaine, were much mourned for in Hispaine.
• * 1.93

  The praise of Scipio.
• * 1.94

  Scipio sent to Hispaine.
• * 1.95

  New Carthage assaulted and subdued by Scipio.
• * 1.96

  Asdrubal ouer∣come.
• * 1.97

  Mago Hani∣bals brother taken by Scipio.
• * 1.98

  Asdrubal slain.
• * 1.99

  The victories of Scipio ouer Asdrubal.
• * 1.100

  Hanno slaine.
• * 1.101

  King Syphax taken by Scipio
• * 1.102

  Liui. 4.
• * 1.103

  Scipios com∣mendation of Iugurth.
• * 1.104

  Micipsa adop∣ted Iugurth for his sonne.
• * 1.105

  Viriatus called the Hercules of Hispaine.
• * 1.106

  Vitilius and Q. Pompeius two Consuls ouerthrowen by Viriatus.
• * 1.107

  The names of Scipio knowen in Hispaine.
• * 1.108

  Famea and Asdrubal.
• * 1.109

  Sertorius
• * 1.110

  Carthage aided by the Hispa∣niardes.
• * 1.111

  Sertorius a noble valiant Romane.
• * 1.112

  Metellus.
• * 1.113

  Cn. Pompeius sent to Hi∣spaine against Sertorius.
• * 1.114

  Pompey and Metellus tri∣umphed ouer Hispaine vpon one day at Rome.
• * 1.115

  M. Cato.
• * 1.116

  Spaine last conquered by Iul. Caesar.
• * 1.117

  Augustus Caesar so honoured, that the Spa∣niar•…•…s comp∣ted their yeres from Aug•…•…stus time.
• * 1.118

  A Er. A.
• * 1.119

  Hegyra.
• * 1.120

  Indictiones.
• * 1.121

  What time the Gentiles began to ac∣compt their yeeres.
• * 1.122

  Hispaine vnder the Romanes 420. yeeres.
• * 1.123

  The time that R•…•…me flouri∣shed.
• * 1.124

  Germanie of no name be∣fore Augustus time.
• * 1.125

  Blondus & Ri∣tius.
• * 1.126

  Gundericus began in Hi∣spaine, when Faramundus beganne in Fraunce.
• * 1.127

  Reade. •…•…idus lib. 10. cap. 26.
• * 1.128

  Pelagius.
• * 1.129

  Rodericus.
• * 1.130

  Muza.
• * 1.131

  Foure hun∣dreth thou∣sand Saracens inuaded Fraunce.
• * 1.132

  Saracens inua∣ded France the thirde time.
• * 1.133

  Car. Martellus had diuers vi∣ctories ouer the Saracens.
• * 1.134

  Aygolandus king of the Saracens.
• * 1.135

  Abumalach.
• * 1.136

  1
• * 1.137

  Pelagius the first king of Astura.
• * 1.138

  2
• * 1.139

  3
• * 1.140

  4
• * 1.141

  alphonsus sonne named Catholike. Phroilla the 4. king.
• * 1.142

  5
• * 1.143

  6
• * 1.144

  Certaine nō∣ber of yong virgins payed for tribute.
• * 1.145

  7
• * 1.146

  8
• * 1.147

  Lusitania is now Portin∣gale.
• * 1.148

  9
• * 1.149

  Raimiris.
• * 1.150

  The spoile and wast of the Sara•…•… in Italy.
• * 1.151

  Alphonsus ty∣rannie.
• * 1.152

  Castile reuol∣ted from Or∣donius.
• * 1.153

  1
• * 1.154

  2
• * 1.155

  3
• * 1.156

  4
• * 1.157

  5
• * 1.158

  6
• * 1.159

  7
• * 1.160

  8
• * 1.161

  9
• * 1.162

  10
• * 1.163

  11
• * 1.164

  12
• * 1.165

  13
• * 1.166

  14
• * 1.167

  15
• * 1.168

  16
• * 1.169

  17
• * 1.170

  18
• * 1.171

  19
• * 1.172

  Luiterus lib. 5. cap. 1.
• * 1.173

  20
• * 1.174

  21
• * 1.175

  22. 23.
• * 1.176

  24
• * 1.177

  25
• * 1.178

  26.
• * 1.179

  27. 28.
• * 1.180

  29
• * 1.181

  30
• * 1.182

  Tolyd. lib. 5.
• * 1.183

  Illomamolinus.
• * 1.184

  31
• * 1.185

  Hispaine set much at liber∣tie by Ferdinā∣dus.
• * 1.186

  32
• * 1.187

  The force of the Saracens tryed.
• * 1.188

  33
• * 1.189

  34
• * 1.190

  35
• * 1.191

  Alphonsus vi∣ctorie ouer the Saracens.
• * 1.192

  Saracens ouer∣throwen in Hispaine,
• * 1.193

  36
• * 1.194

  Petrus slaine by Henry the second.
• * 1.195

  Reade Polyd. more.
• * 1.196

  37
• * 1.197

  38
• * 1.198

  39
• * 1.199

  Lib. 20.
• * 1.200

  The French writers can o∣mit English victories.
• * 1.201

  Henry the fift crowned king of Fraunce in Paris.
• * 1.202

  40
• * 1.203

  1475.
• * 1.204

  41
• * 1.205

  The first time that Hispaine was deuided betweene two kings.
• * 1.206

  Hispaine fiue •…•…euerall times •…•…onquered.
• * 1.207

  Hispaine first acquainted with India.
• * 1.208

  Hispaine began to florish this time and not before.
• * 1.209

  Hispaine got her greatest glory by Charls the fift.
• * 1.210

  The insolen∣cie of Hispaine of late.
• * 1.211

  The decay of one countrie is the aduan∣cing vp an∣other.
• * 1.212

  The Hispani∣ards seifeloue.
• * 1.213

  The Pope and Mahomet com pared.
• * 1.214

  The long bon▪ dage of Hi∣spaine.
• * 1.215

  Ferdinandus.
• * 1.216

  sharles the fift.