The consent of time disciphering the errors of the Grecians in their Olympiads, the vncertaine computation of the Romanes in their penteterydes and building of Rome, of the Persians in their accompt of Cyrus, and of the vanities of the Gentiles in fables of antiquities, disagreeing with the Hebrewes, and with the sacred histories in consent of time. VVherein is also set downe the beginning, continuance, succession, and ouerthrowes of kings, kingdomes, states, and gouernments. By Lodovvik Lloid Esquire.

CHAP. IIII.

Of the Romane warres with king Philip, and his sonne Perseus, the two last kings of Macedonia: of their ouerthrowe by Paul. Aemilius, and of the ouerthrowe of false Philip, and coun∣terfaite Andriscus by Q. Metellus, in the last conquest of Ma∣cedonia.

NOwe to returne to Macedonia, after that Demetrius was slaine as you heard, Philip Demetrius nephewe, and sonne to Anti∣gonus succeeded in Macedonia. You must * 1.1 take heede least you be deceiued in the names of diuers Demetrius: for the first and the greatest was called Demetrius Antigonus, whose life Plutarch doeth write at large: another Demetrius surnamed Poliorcetes, who in * 1.2 his time destroyed a towne of Samaria which Perdicas builded vp againe: and the third named Demetrius Phalerius, which * 1.3 was gouernour of Athens vnder Cassander: and the fourth De∣metrius Antigonus sonne, of whose death for adulterie with Queene Arsinoe you read of before: so likewise you shal reade of diuers Seleucus, of diuers Antiochus, and of diuers Ptolomeis, where I speake of the kings of Asia, Syria, and Egypt, much er∣rour may growe hereby without heede taking. Philip reigned now in Macedonia, and hauing no long time to rest, but at his first entrie had warres by the Romanes, for whom Ti. Quintus * 1.4 Flaminius the Consul was in person to offer battell in the de∣fence of Greece, & the rather for that Philip king of Macedon ay∣ded Hannibal against the Romanes with all the force he could.

Philip prouided all things ready: a man might thinke that * 1.5 Philip had force and power sufficient against a Consul of a ci∣tie, being a king of a whole Realme: and surely so he had, had not Titus by his eloquence wonne al Greece against Philip, and yet before this time the Grecians bare no great good will to * 1.6 the Romanes as Plutarch affirmeth. Diuers times Flaminius of∣fered battel to Philip, but still refused & by Philip auoided, fea∣ring such hard fortune as his predecessors had: he kept the top

of the mountaines with his armie, that when the Romanes forced to gette vp the hilles, they were receiued with dartes, slings and shotte that lighted vpon them from the toppes of the hilles, that the Romanes were sore anoyed.

But after they found meanes to winne the hilles by the ad∣uise of Charopus, a great man of Epirus: Titus diuided his ar∣mie into three troupes, and himselfe went with one of the three. Philip lost then about two thousand souldiers, the Ma∣cedonians fled, and the Romanes spoiled their campe, tooke all that they found in their tents: Titus had some aduertisement that Philip fledde by Thessalia: the Consul with great mode∣stie * 1.7 did forbeare the spoyling and wasting of the Countrie: hereby he wanne many friendes: Philip was most desirous to haue peace with Titus, and it was offered him vpon conditi∣on that he would that Greece should be at their libertie, and * 1.8 remoue his garisons out of their Citie: this Philip refused, and thereupon all Greece came in, and offered themselues vnto Titus without compulsion.

Nowe hauing Greece on his side he went towardes Thessa∣lie, with great hope to ouercome Philip: Titus had in his ar∣mie about sixe and twentie thousande fighting men as Plu∣tarch writeth, king Philip on the other side had no lesse in number: they beganne to march the one towardes the other neere the Citie of Scotusa, there they determined to trie the battell, where Titus gaue the ouerthrow, and slue eight thou∣sand * 1.9 in the fielde, and tooke fiue thousand prisoners in the chase: Philip was driuen to entreate for peace, which was graunted vnto him vpon the condition before offered, and taking one of Philips sōnes in hostage, sent him to Rome to the Senate: for then Hannibal of Carthage, a great enemie of the Romanes was ouercome by Scipio Affricanus, and banished out of his Countrie, and commen to king Antiochus, whom hee perswaded with all diligence to followe his good fortune, and the encrease of his Empire.

Hanibal sought still to finde occasion to make warres with * 1.10 the Romanes, and went about to bring Antiochus to ioyne with

Philip, two mightie kings against the Romanes. In the meane time Titus had commissioners sent from Rome to ayde him, * 1.11 and to assist him in the affaires of Greece, willing him to looke to the Cities of Corinth, of Chalcides, and of Demetriade, * 1.12 and to make sure that they should not enter into league and allyance with Antiochus, and all the rest of Greece to set at libertie: this was done by Titus, and proclaimed by the He∣ralde, and authorised by the Senate of Rome, that all Greece should be free from all taxes, impositions, and subsidies. Af∣ter that Titus had sent Lentulus into Asia to set the Bargili∣ans at libertie, and Titillius into Thracia, and Publius Iulius sent to king Antiochus to set the Grecians at libertie.

Titus himselfe went to the Prouince of Magnesia, and from thence to Argos to set the Greekes at libertie which were vnder Philip and Antiochus, from Argos returned into Rome after foure yeeres warre with Philip, sauing that Pu. Sulpitius had the charge against Philip the first yeere being then Con∣sul of Rome before Titus time, who for the time of his being * 1.13 in Macedonia gaue two ouerthrowes vnto Philip king of Ma∣cedon, and forced him to flee in great danger of his life. But to returne to Titus, who being called to Rome by the Senate, * 1.14 came in solemne triumph with king Philips sonne before his chariot, & brought at that time (saith Plutarch) infinite trea∣sures, and leauing Philip to pay to the Romanes a thousand ta∣lents beside, and not to molest and vexe the Cities of Greece, and that it was not lawfull for Philip to warre, or to fight out of his owne kingdome, vnlesse he should be required there∣unto * 1.15 by the Romanes.

Thus Philip being daunted of his great courage, and much weakened in strength by the Romanes, hauing two sonnes, the * 1.16 one named Perseus, the other Demetrius, betweene them both grewe secret seditions, and proceeded so in malice, that though Demetrius was in Rome in hostage with Titus as you heard, and Perseus in Macedonia with his father, accusing his brother of his secrete treacherie towardes his father Philip

and his countrey, that the king was in offence against De∣metrius, and grewe more and more by Perseus, soliciting the cause to doubt Demetrius, hee coulde not quiet himselfe, vn∣till * 1.17 Demetrius was had out of the way by poyson (as Ruffinus sayeth) but it was not long after but Philip had knowledge of the iniurie hee had done to his sonne Demetrius, by the false accusation of his sonne Perseus, hee studied howe to take reuenge vpon Perseus for the death of Demetrius, and sawe no way vnlesse hee would leaue Macedonia without a king: for then Perseus was the last of the line of Antigonus.

Thus poore king Philip being plagued by the Romanes * 1.18 for his kingdome, and brought to a full weerinesse of his life at home, by his two sonnes, fell to a consumption and dyed, afterhe had reigned king of Macedonia fourtie two yeeres.

Plutarch reciteth a historie of one Antigonus surnamed Doson, that was cousin to the other Antigonus surnamed Go∣nates: this Antigonts Doson reigned before Philippe fifteene * 1.19 yeeres. As I toulde you before of the names of so many Demetrius, so nowe the names of so many Antigonus may trouble the reader, and therefore I will shewe the order of it. The first Antigonus was taken to bee base brother to A∣lexander the great, who after Alexanders dayes was taken to be the greatest and mightiest of all his successours.

This Antigonus had a sonne called Demetrius, of whome came this seconde Antigonus surnamed Gonatas: the third Antigonus surnamed Doson, and after this Antigonus reig∣ned Philip, who dyed for sorowe and griefe for Demetri∣us death.

Nowe Perseus the last king of Macedonia, succeeded his father Philip king of Macedonia in the fiue hundred seuen∣tie * 1.20 fiue yeeres of the building of Rome, and in the hundred and fiftie Olympiad, at what time reigned king in Egypt Pto∣lomeus Philometor the sixth king: and in Syria reigned An∣tiochus Epiphanes the eight king, and also this time ouer the

Parthians reigned Mithridates Arsaces, who succeeded his bro∣ther Pharnachus: this did great exploites, of whom you shall * 1.21 reade in the histories of the Parthians written by Iustine: in Rome Lucius Manlius and Quintus Fuluius were Consuls.

This Perseus succeeded Philip his father, found the strength of his kingdome so great and so well prouided, that hee had * 1.22 in his armorie to arme thirtie thousand: he had in his fortes and strong places eight million bushels of corne safely lockt vp, and hee had ready as much money as would serue to en∣terteine tenne thousand strangers in paye for tenne yeeres: this also he found ready men leauied a great number, which his father had prepared for the second warres of Macedonia. Perseus being thus furnished, tooke that in hand which was Philips purpose, to warre against the Romanes, and he maintei∣ned warres a long time, and had in the beginning good suc∣cesse * 1.23 against the Romanes, that in the first battell he made, hee gaue the ouerthrow to Pu. Lucius the Consul, and at that time * 1.24 generall for the Romanes: he slue 2500. of his horsemen, and tooke sixe hundred prisoners, and beside he did suddenly set vpon their armie by sea, riding at anker before the citie of O∣ren: he tooke twentie of their great shippes, and sunke the rest which were loden all with corne.

Thus Perseus began very hotly with the Romanes, and gaue the ouerthrowe to the first Consul: the second battell which Perseus fought was with Hostilius the second Consul and ge∣nerall * 1.25 of Rome, whom he likewise repulsed: and when that Ho∣stilius attempted by force to inuade Macedonia, Perseus offered him battell in Thessalie, and he refused him.

Perseus seemed so proud of these two victories against the two Consuls of Rome, that hee little esteemed the Romanes, went and fought a battell in the meane time with the Darda∣nians, where hee slue tenne thousand of these barbarous peo∣ple, and brought a marueilous great spoyle away: beside this hee gote the Gaules that dwelt about the riuer of Danubie to ioyne with him, and practised with Gentius king of the Il∣lyrians to ioyne also in this warre with him. The Romanes

being of these newes aduertised, they thought good to send a * 1.26 skilfull souldier and a wise captaine (as Paulus Aemilius was) whom the Romans chose now the second time to be their con∣sul and captaine in this second warre, to whom they gaue the whole charge of Macedon. Aemilius prepared an armie of an hundreth thousand against Perseus, and when he had arriued into Macedon, & being aduertised how Perseus lay at the foote of mount Olympus with 4000. horsmen, and with fourtie thou∣sand footemen: beside he had Gentius king of the Illyrians, to whom Perseus promised thirtie thousand talents to ayde him against the Romanes.

Now Scipio sirnamed Nasica, the adopted sonne of the great * 1.27 Scipio the Affricane, and Fabius Maximus, of whom Cicero said, Cunctando restituit rem, two yong valiant Romanes offered to take the straights, offered to do diuers seruices: but old Aemi∣lius hauing wonne many victories, hee could stay leasure and oportunitie of battel. Now Perseus hauing pitched his campe before the citie of Pydne, where Aemilius in hast marched and met in battell. Polibius writeth this storie, and saith: so soone as the battel was begun, Perseus withdrew himselfe and got in∣to the citie of Pydne out of the battell, vnder pretence to doe some sacrifice vnto Hercules: but Aemilius with his sworde in * 1.28 hand lay on vpon the enemies. The slaughter was so great on Perseus side, that Plutarch saith that the riuer of Leucus ranne * 1.29 all bloodie: the battell was so fierce on both sides, that it con∣tinued not aboue two houres: the victorie fel to the Romanes, with the losse of 25. thousand Macedonians. This victorie was heard of in Rome the very day that it was wonne, saying that Castor and Pollux brought these newes to Rome.

In this battel I note one rare historie of Mar. Cato the sonne * 1.30 of great Cato, and sonne in law to Aemilius, who most valiantly fighting in the midst of the Macedonians, by chance his sword fell out of his hande, the which he tooke so grieuously that he ranne to the Romane armie, where he told them what had be∣fallen vnto him, praying some of his friends to helpe him to recouer his sword: saying, that he thought more honour for

him to die there, then liuing to suffer his enemies to enioy any spoile of his: whereupon a nomber of lustie valiant souldiers rushed in straight amōg their enemies about the place where * 1.31 the sworde fell: their force and furie was such, that it made a lane through the enemies, and as yong raging lions with such force cleared the way in such sort, that the sworde was found: this happened in the middest of the battell.

Againe in this battell of Pydne a great feare tooke Aemilius * 1.32 after the victory: who being very late in the night, & broght to his tent with torches and links, missing his sonne, beholding how his souldiers after this victorie decked themselues with crownes and garlands of laurell, became sad and heauie, sup∣posing his sonne to be cast away, vntil Scipio returned frō fol∣lowing the enemie: then Aemilius ioy was doubled, but that shortly followed, which then missed. Now Perseus fled from Pydne to Pella. After this victory, Aemilius made a progresse into Greece, and cōming to Delphos, there he saw king Perseus * 1.33 image of golde set vp vpon a great pillar of 4. square. Aemilius commanded that image of him being conquered to be taken downe, and his owne image being the conqueror to be set vp: thence he went to the city of Olympia to visit the temple of Iu∣piter Olympian, & after he redeliuered to the Macedonians their countrey and townes againe to liue at libertie, paying to the Romans for tribute yerely 100. talents. After, he went to Epi∣rus, hauing put al things at stay in Macedonia, that the Macedo∣nians submitted themselues to Aemilius. Aemilius sent his lieutenant by sea to take king Perseus, who fled to Samothracia, where he and his children yeelded vnto Cneus Octauius lieu∣tenant to Aemilius. Of this great victorie newes came to Rome from Macedonia in one day, some say 4. dayes.

This king Perseus was a very couetous prince, hated of his * 1.34 subiects, & of no man beloued, & noted to be such a coward, that Aemilius mocked him for it. This Perseus lost in 2. houres in the battel of Pydne (to the Romans great glory & praise) the fame & renowne which Alexander the great had brought and wonne to Macedonia. Of these 2. warres of Macedonia with the * 1.35

Romanes, and of their last king conquered, reade Liuie and Ap∣pianus * 1.36 in that booke entituled Mithridaticus. This is that Ma∣cedonia which then Alexander had augmented with these ma∣ny kingdoms, Persia, Media, Armenia, Albania, Cappadocia, Iberia, Syria, Egypt, Bactria, Scythia, India, all Asia, and welnigh all the worlde, now brought by Paulus Aemilius to be a prouince of the Romanes, who in one day sold (as Ruffinus wote) 82. cities. * 1.37

Thus is the kingdom and monarchie of Alexander king ouer kings, troden downe by Aemilius a magistrate of a citie: thus is Macedonia whose empire reached into the furthest part of the world, made a prouince vnto Rome, which in the time of Alex∣ander was so famous: neither the Assyrians by Ninus, neither the Chaldeans by Nabuchodonosor, neither the Medes by Darius Medus, neither the Persians by Cyrus were of such fame, as Ma∣cedonia was by Alexander. It is a true saying, Per me reges reg∣nant, * 1.38 &c. It was decreed aboue before God, how long the Cal∣deans should raigne before the Assyrians, the Assyriās before the Medes, the Medes before the Persians, the Persians before the Macedonians, & in like sort how long the Romans shal cōtinue.

This was by Daniel diuinely reueiled by the 4. great beasts that came vp frō the sea, one diuers to another: the first a lion which had egles wings: the 2. was like a beare: the 3. like a leo∣pard: the 4. was terrible, and it deuoured the rest. And Daniel in Susa in another dreame (or rather a vision) saw a battel be∣twene a ramme and a goat, which is Persia and Greece. I referre you to the 7. and 8. of Daniel for the interpretation of the * 1.39 same, where the text is most plainly by the prophet Daniel set downe, where Daniel briefly deciphered the whole world in a short historie, and layde downe the ground of all the histo∣ries * 1.40 of the worlde, I meane after Daniels time, who liued and prophecied in Cyrus time: after whom the Persians, the Greci∣ans and the Romanes flourished.

Now to returne to Aemilius, whose family (saith Plutarch) doth proceed from Numa Pompilius the 2. king of Rome, and whose diuers victories ouer the Ligurians, Illyrians and other nations of Affricke & others, might haue chalenged triumph in Rome

without contention, which was resisted by Seruius Galba, for that he was so long as foure yeeres in warres against Perseus. * 1.41 Galba, and diuers others thought it dishonourable to the Ro∣manes to cōsume so long a time with king Perseus, sith the Ro∣manes made king Antiochus to forsake Asia, driuen thence be∣yond mount Taurus within the borders of Syria, & before that they had ouercome king Philippe in Thessalie, and deliuered Greece from the bondage of the Macedonians, and had conque∣red Hannibal the onely enemie of Rome and souldiour of the world, vnto whom no king or captaine coulde be compared, and therefore not to haue a triumph. But Marcus Seruilius * 1.42 who had bene a Consul, and had fought 23. combats of life and death in his owne person, and had slaine as many as cha∣lenged him man for man, hee furthered the triumph, which was by the whole consent of the Senate & the people of Rome graunted vnto Aemilius: but I omit to speake of his triumph, vntil I set downe the triumphes of the kings, consuls, and Em∣perours of Rome, because he is a Romane.

Here I write of Macedonia, of their kings and of their tri∣umphes, who ended their gouernment in Perseus time, in the 153. Olympiad, after the building of Rome 586. yeres, and in the beginning of the 26. Iubilee. At what time raigned in Syria Antiochus Epiphanes the eight king, to whom Pompilius was sent from the Senate to commaunde Antiochus to depart Egypt, and that to answere the Romanes before he should go out of a litle circle which Pōpilius made with his white sticke which he had in his hand, either yea or no. This time Prusias king of By∣thinia cōmitted his sonne Nicomedes (as Liuie saith) to the Ro∣manes, within short space after that king Perseus was conque∣red * 1.43 by Paulus Aemilius vpon the 4. of September, and that the Romanes had brought Macedonia vnder the Empire of Rome.

One Andrisius a meane man claimed by succession to be king after Perseus, affirming himselfe to be Perseus sonne, and changing his name from Andrisius to be Philippe, gathered a great hoste, vsurped the kingdome, vntill Lu. Tremelius came from Rome and gaue him battell, in the which Andrisius was

quite ouerthrowen. And so Macedonia after the gouernment of 36. kings (as Ruffinus saith,) but as Functius and Trogus Pom∣peius say, 38. kings: for from Cranaus vnto Alexander the great were 23. kings, from Alexander to Perseus 15. The names of those 23. kings before Alexander, I wrote them before Alex∣anders raigne: the other 15. are these following.

• 1 Aridaeus raigned 7. yeres.
• 2 Cassander. 18.
• 3 Antipater and Alex. 4.
• 4 Demetrius. 6.
• 5 Pyrrhus. 7. moneths.
• 6 Lysmachus. 5.
• 7 Ptolomeus Ceraunus. 1.
• 8 Meleager. 2. moneths.
• 9 Antipater. 1.
• 10 Sosthenes. 2.
• 11 Antigonus Gonatus. 36.
• 12 Demetrius. 10. * 1.44
• 13 Antigonus Dosen. 15.
• 14 Philip. 2.
• 15 Perseus the last king 10. yeeres.

Notes

• * 1.1

  Philip king of Macedonia.
• * 1.2

  Plut in Aemil.
• * 1.3

  Diuers Demet. Plut in Demet.
• * 1.4

  T. F•…•…minius.
• * 1.5

  Liui. lib. 31.
• * 1.6

  Philip refused to meete Fla∣mi. in battell.
• * 1.7

  Philip fledde.
• * 1.8

  The Cities of Greece yeel∣ded to Tit.
• * 1.9

  Philip at the battell of Sco∣tusa lost 8000.
• * 1.10

  Hanibals per∣swasions to Antiochus.
• * 1.11

  Plutarch in Tito.
• * 1.12

  Libertie pro∣claimed by Titus to the Greekes.
• * 1.13

  Ruffi. de Mace.
• * 1.14

  Tit. Flami. tri∣umphed ouer king Philip•…•… sonne at Rome.
• * 1.15

  Liui. lib. 2. Decad. 4.
• * 1.16

  Secret enuie betweene Phi∣lips two sōnes.
• * 1.17

  Demetrius poysoned.
• * 1.18

  Philip died.
• * 1.19

  Of Antigonus the first the 2. and the 3.
• * 1.20

  Perseus the last king of Macedonia.
• * 1.21

  Iustine lib. 41.
• * 1.22

  The rich state of Perseus af∣ter Philip his father.
• * 1.23

  Perseus.
• * 1.24

  Perseus 1. vi∣ctorie against Pu. Lucius.
• * 1.25

  Perseus 2. vi∣ctorie against Hostilius.
• * 1.26

  Paulus Aemi∣lius chosen Consul.
• * 1.27

  Liui. lib. 5.
• * 1.28

  The battel at Pydne.
• * 1.29

  Plutarch in Aemilio.
• * 1.30

  Mar. Catces sword lost and found in the battel.
• * 1.31

  The magna∣nimitic and great courage of the Romanes.
• * 1.32

  Aemilius hea∣uinesse.
• * 1.33

  Perseus image throwen down at Delphos.
• * 1.34

  The miserie of Perseus.
• * 1.35

  Diod. lib. 31.
• * 1.36

  Liuie lib. 4. & 5.
• * 1.37

  82. Cities sold by Paulus Aemilius.
• * 1.38

  All kings are by God esta∣blished.
• * 1.39

  Daniel 7. & 8.
• * 1.40

  Daniel a sound warrant for the histories of three mo∣narchies.
• * 1.41

  Seruius Gal∣ba.
• * 1.42

  Mar. Seruilius.
• * 1.43

  Perseus ouer∣throwen the fourth of Sep∣tember.
• * 1.44

  The names of the kings of Macedonia af∣ter Alexander.