The consent of time disciphering the errors of the Grecians in their Olympiads, the vncertaine computation of the Romanes in their penteterydes and building of Rome, of the Persians in their accompt of Cyrus, and of the vanities of the Gentiles in fables of antiquities, disagreeing with the Hebrewes, and with the sacred histories in consent of time. VVherein is also set downe the beginning, continuance, succession, and ouerthrowes of kings, kingdomes, states, and gouernments. By Lodovvik Lloid Esquire.

OF THE ANTIQITIE OF Media: of the originall of their Kings, and of their common wealth, gouernment, and continuance.

THough the Assyrians, the Chalde∣ans, and the Egyptians were con∣quered by the Persians: yet I wil touch the historie of Media, be∣fore I handle Persia, for that the Medes likewise were made sub∣iect vnto the Persiās: for al these kingdoms came at length to Cy∣rus hand. For as the kingdome of Media began atone time with the newe kingdome of Assyria, after Sardanapalus time: so they ended about one time, and both these kingdomes by Cyrus taken vnto Persia: and euen so of Lydia the next historie to this, was also by the Persians sub∣dued: of the which also I meane briefely to speake, before I handle Persia: for so the course of time, and the order of the histories doe require: but now of the Medes.

For Strabo in the description of the kingdome of Media * 1.1 sayth, that Parthia is bordered vpon the East side of Media, and on the South it is inhabited with people called Cadusij: and (as Strabo writeth) it hath other nations dwelling about the Sea of Hircania: the riuer Halis (as Herodote doth write)

is the Confines of both Media and Lydia. And hee sayth fur∣ther, that the Medes were called Arij before, and then long after that Medea came from Cholchos vnto Athens, & from A∣thens vnto this people then called Arij, & changed the name of the countrey after her owne name Media, whō the Greekes called after that Medi, by the name of Medea: but otherwayes confirmed by Iosephus, and by Zonaras in his first booke, who * 1.2 say that Medi had their originall from Madai, the sonne of Iaphet, and of him (as Melancthon sayth) named Madei first, and after of the Greekes called Medi.

There were many Townes in Media first builded by the Macedonians, inhabited by the Grccians, as Laodicea, Apannia, Rhaga, which Nicanor builded. The Medes in times past flori∣shed * 1.3 (a kingdome that gouerned many Countries, and had vnder their Empire the most part of Asia, vntill the Persians vanquished the Assyrians by king Cyrus, which Cyrus after∣warde subdued the Medes, and brought both Assyria and Me∣dia vnto the Empire of Persia.

The chiefe Pallace of the kings of Media is called Eobata∣na, where the kings of Media kept their Court euery win∣ter. Herodote, which wrote his historie in the time of Xerxes sayth, that after the Medes had conquered the Assyrians, the Medes had no kings of long time after, but euery Citie by popular state was then gouerned, vntill Deiocis time, * 1.4 who being wise, and withall very ambitious, plausible in his speach, and gentle in his dealings, wanne the peoples hearts to affect him much: who by secrete meanes aspiring to the kingdome, hauing many great friendes by councell to further him, and with power to aide him, vntill by common consent of the whole Estate hee was chosen King, in the fourtie fiue yeere after the building of Rome, and in the seuenth yeere of Numa Pompilius reigne, the second king of Rome, in the eighteene Olympiad. * 1.5

For after that Arbaces then chiefe Gouernour of the Medes had ioyned in friendshippe with Bellochus lieutenant of Babylon, and both conspired (as you heard before in the

historie of the Assyrians) against Sardanapalus, whom after they had with three or foure battels conquered, the Assyri∣ans with their Empire was translated vnto the Medes by Ar∣baces: * 1.6 which Medes yet had no king created, but were ruled and gouerned by Arbaces, as Babylon was by Bellochus. * 1.7

Nowe after that Arbaces had gouerned the Medes twentie eight yeeres, at what time Procas Siluius reigned king ouer the Latines, and at Athens Thespeius liued their tenth Iudge after their kings: It is written that one Phidon of Argiue, found about this time the vse of measures and weights.

This Arbaces began to reigne ouer the Medes fourtie two yeeres before the Olympiads, at the which time the kingdome of Macedonia began: so that the Medes & Macedonians began fourtie two yeeres before the Lydians, and the Lydians twentie foure yeeres before the Romanes. Ctesias a great antiquarie of the Persians, who wrote in Artaxerxes time presently after He∣rodot, saith, that after Arbaces time, a sonne of his succeeded him named Madanes, who reigned 50. yeres: and then follow∣ed Sosarmus, which reigned 30. yeeres: after him succeeded * 1.8 Aristeus, who held long warres with the Cadusians, by whom he was at length slaine: but before he died, he cōmanded by * 1.9 will that the Medes should neuer be in league with the Cadu∣sians, but with sworde and fire to persecute them, vntill they were brought subiect vnto the Medes.

After the death of this Aristeus, reigned in Media Arti∣nes, 22. yeeres: after him Artelanus gouerned the Medes, four∣tie yeeres, in whose time the Parthians were subdued and * 1.10 brought vnder the Empire of the Medes, after they had yelded them selues and the Countrey vnto the king of Saca, which king, both he and his Countrey after two yeeres great warres had betweene them and the Medes, were vanquished both they and the Parthians, when the Medes had brought the king of Parthia and the king of Saca vnder the yoke of Media, at what time Artabanus reigned king ouer the Medes, af∣ter whom succeeded Astiages, which with some writers is na∣med * 1.11 Apanda. This was the last king of Media, which was con∣quered

both he & his countrey by Cyrus king of Persia, whose historie is at large set foorth in the Empire of Persia: Diodorus with others which write of these kings, as Herodot and Ctesias. Great cōtrouersie there is betweene writers about the kings of Media, of their succession, of their reigne, and of their go∣uernments: though Strabo and Pomponius Mela doe fully de∣scribe the situation of Media, yet the best Chronographers varie much of their gouernment. Iustinus affirmeth, that the * 1.12 Medes reigned 350. yeres: others say 304. making their com∣putations from Sardanapalus time, whom the Medes conque∣red, vntil the time of Cyrus, by whom the Medes were vanqui∣shed: * 1.13 so long the Empire stood.

Againe they vary much in the names of their kings: for as I named from Arbases the first king, vntill Astiages the last king * 1.14 and the ninth king of the Medes, so some againe after this sort doe set downe the lynes of the kings of Media. After Arbases reigned Sosarmus the second king of Media: he reigned thir∣tie yeeres, at what time reigned in Egypt a king of singular wisedome, very courteous and gentle, much commended of Herodot for many rare vertues, named of Functius, Osorus, and of Eusebius Nicerinus.

About this time was Achas king of Iuda borne, and Coenus the second king of Macedonia beganne with Sosarmus the se∣cond king of Media to reigne. Marke the order of time: for both the Macedonians and the Medes at one time began their kingdomes, & euen then the Lacedemonians ended their king∣domes: for so God worketh by order of nature and time. The Peloponesians & the Athenians were so plagued one of another * 1.15 by continuall ciuill warres, the slaughter so great on both sides, & the warres so long, as men cōquered on neither par∣ties yeelded at last vnto necessitie, and were forced to for∣sake the fields, & to withdraw themseles from destroying of both their coūtries: for the warres that was betweene the A∣thenians * 1.16 & the Lacedemonians frō time to time was the ouer∣throw of all Greece: the cause arysing frō so little a quarell, as hereafter shalbe mentioned in the historie of Greece.

While these warres endured in Greece, Romulus and Rhe∣mus were borne, and the third king of Media beganne to go∣uerne * 1.17 the Medes: his name was Medidus, in the first Olympiad, at which time the king of Tyre which was named Elulaeus (as * 1.18 Menander testifieth a writer of their owne Chronicles) was besieged by Salmanassar king of Assyria, who after he hee had spoiled Phoenicia, & Samaria, he turned his force against Tyre. After great slaughter he tooke Sidon, Arce, and Paletire, with many other Cities from the king of Tyre, and brought the spoyle thereof vnto Niniue: And yet sayth Menander, for all * 1.19 his victorie, he was the second time discomfited, his Nauies so scattered, that fiue hundred of his best souldiers were ta∣ken by the Cananites, and by the king of Tyre: whereat Salma∣nassar waxed full of wrath, and commaunded his souldiers to stoppe all conduites, and all passages of waters, that for fiue yeeres they were forced to digge out water, and to make welles and springes to susteine themselues withall: and this historie is written in the Chronicles of Tyre.

About this time liued that good and learned Poete Ar∣chimus, that wrote of the warres of Troy. Coelius king of the Thuscans ayded Romulus the first king of Rome with men and money against the people called Cennienses, and the Antena∣tes: * 1.20 of this kings name mount Coelius, one of the seuen hilles of Rome was called. Plutarch sayth, that Numa Pompilius, the second king of Rome was borne about this time: and in the twentie eight yeere of the third king of the Medes, was that wicked king Sancherib, with his horrible blasphemies, with a * 1.21 hundred foure score & fiue thousand of his souldiers slaine by the Angel of the Lord.

After this Medidus the third king of Media had reigned fourtie yeeres, succeeded him Cardiceas the fourth king, who * 1.22 reigned thirteene yeeres. During this kings gouernment, * 1.23 the Empire of Assyria was brought by Merodach the sonne of Baladan vnto Babylon, where Merodach reigned fourtie yeeres * 1.24 the first king of Babylon. Nowe in Iudea gouerned a wicked king, a great idolater, a murtherer of the Prophetes, and a

most contemptuous despiser of God. This Manasses filled all * 1.25 Ierusalem with blood, hee martyred Esai the Prophet, com∣maunding him to bee cutte in two pieces with a sawe: for the which tyrannie God gaue him ouer to the handes of the Babylonians.

In Ethiop reigned about this time a king named Tara∣chus, of whome Iosephus maketh mention, that hee came * 1.26 to ayde Spethon king of Egypt, against Senaherib, in the six∣teenth Olympiad. About this time Nicomedia was builded: * 1.27 Gela a Towne of Sicilia, and Phaselis a Towne in Pamphilia were likewise builded. All this while the Medes had no king crowned nor allowed, but as a supreme Gouernour of all Media, but were (as you heard) from Arbaces time vn∣till * 1.28 this time, gouerned by a Magistrate or chiefe Gouern∣ment, euen vntill Deiocis, which was the chiefe gouernour * 1.29 and the first king: for Arbaces, Sosarmus, Medidus, Cardiceas, these foure were but gouernours, though for order sake they were named kings.

CHAP. II.

Of the first King of Media: of their gouernment, lawes, and con∣tinuance from Deiocis, vntill Astyages the last King of the Medes.

BVt Deiocis nowe after hee had gouer∣ned wisely and discreetely the Medes, hee through his owne pollicie and his friends councell became the first King by consent and by election. When he was sure of the kingdome, and had setled himselfe as a King, hee straight commaunded Townes and Cities to be builded, and erected many strong Fortes, made good lawes, and gouerned the Medes with equitie and iustice for the space of fiftie three yeres, as both Herodot and Diodorus Siculus affirme. * 1.30

This Deiocis likewise appointed a certeine garde for his person, for change of state is dangerous: for nowe Deiocis

from a Magistrate was made a king, and therefore with grea∣ter care and feare he foresawe things belonging to his per∣son: hee had his garison and his garde to attend his person, and prouided that the Medes, who both loued him and ho∣noured him so much, shoulde bee in all seruice at his becke: he commaunded then to builde one great Towne, a chiefe * 1.31 Citie, and to bee the onely seate of the king, as in all king∣domes the Palace of the king is the chiefest.

Nowe the Medes hauing this commaundement, beganne with one consent to builde one great Towne aboue the rest fortified with walles, and strengthened with garisons. This * 1.32 citie was great and large, and was called Ecbatana, where this king Deiocis liued, vsing such iustice and seueritie, as hereby no man might haue accesse vnto him but by meanes: hee grew so seuere, that no man might haue sight of him, no man might laugh, cough, or spit before him. This was the onely * 1.33 king that brideled the Medes, and asmuch commended for his seuere punishment of iniuries, as for his sounde iudge∣ment of iustice and equitie praysed.

There were many nations subiect vnto the Medes, as Buse, Paretaceni, Arezantij, Budi, and others. In his time reigned in Macedonia, Perdiccas: in Iudea Ezechias and his sonne Manasses: in Rome reigned Romulus in the later ende of his reigne, and in Lydia Candaules the fourth king of Lydia.

This time reigned in Egypt 12. gouernours of equal autho∣ritie: * 1.34 these ruled Egypt as supreame magistrates 15. yeres, vn∣till Psammeticus: one of these 12. Iudges had gotten the king∣dome vnto his owne hands, who reigned 54. yeeres king in Egypt. You shall reade in Herodot, and in Diodorus Siculus, the * 1.35 whole historie, euen from this king Psammeticus, vntill the time of Cambyses.

As Kingdomes and Countries florished and became mightie & strong in armes, so they inuented militarie disci∣pline to defende themselues & their Countries: euery King∣dome had their proper and seuerall order of fighting, with varietie and change of their marching into battell, with sun∣dry

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and diuers kindes of Trumpets and ensignes. The Egyp∣tians had Crocodiles and cattes in their ensignes: for those * 1.36 which they honoured as goddes in the Citie, they vsed them in their warres in their ensignes, and a Trumpet made of a horne. The Indians had in their ensignes the picture of Her∣cules * 1.37 caried before them into battell, with many little Belles and Timbrels for their Trumpets. The Persians preferred in their ensignes the image of the sunne, and burning lampes, which should be caried in the middest of the armie. The old * 1.38 Athenians caused an owle to be set in their ensignes: and the Thebans the image of Sphinx with shaulmes & flates for trum∣pets. The Macedonians had a wolfe caried in their ensignes. * 1.39 The ancient Romanes before they grew to their greatnes, vsed a handfull of hay tied to the ende of their speares, which should be caried before them as ensignes, and thereby called manipulares miliets: they had not yet vsed in their ensignes the picture of a horse, which they vsed after the hay, or of a * 1.40 bore or of Minotaurus, or of the eagle which nowe they vse for their ensignes. The Cimbrians had in their ensignes a brasen bull. The olde auncient Germanes vsed to paint in * 1.41 their ensignes the likenesse of shining light. The Parthians tied little brasen belles to their speares, and infinite number of hornes, hauing before them caried in their ensigne a flagge of red leather painted ouer ful of keies. And so I might speake of more that vsed their coūtrie orders and maners in warres: but mightie Emperours and Kings had in their seuerall en∣signes what pleased them, as

• Hanibal had a red flagge with * 1.42 a naked sword for his ensigne.
• Old Osiris had the dogge Anu∣bis in his ensigne.
• Great Porus king of India had the image of Hercules caried before him in his ensigne.
• Cyrus king of Persia, a cocke.
• Iulius Caesar an Elephant.
• Eumenes king of Asia had in his ensigne the image of Ce∣res, and the statue of Alex∣ander the great.
• Neoptolemus the image of Minerua.
• Ca. Marius in the Cymbrian warres vsed to cary in his en∣signe a siluer eagle, and so vpon their tents they vsed the like.

And so of their secret watchword which the Emperours, and great kings vsed in their warres, I thought good to set downe some briefe examples of mightie great conquerours and captaines, which they vsed in the fielde in the time of warre to their officers and souldiers.

• Cyrus king of Persia would vse this for his watch∣word: Iupiter belli Dux.
• Antiochus, sirnamed Soter, vsed this watchworde: Bene valere.
• Augustus Caesar Emperour of Rome vsed this word: Faelicitas, sometime, Vi∣ctoria.
• M. Antonius in his warres vsed this worde: Lar Deus.
• Pompey the great vsed, In∣victus Hercules.
• Caius Caligula the Empe∣rour vsed, Priapus and Venus for his watche∣word. * 1.43
• Demetrius king of Macedo∣nia, had for his watch∣worde, Iupiter & Victo∣ria.
• The Emperour Septimus Seuerus vsed this word, Laboremus. As Pertinx the emperour vsed Mi∣litemus for their watch∣words in their campe.
• Claudius Caesar neuer mis∣sed this watchworde, Virum vlcisci decet.
• The watchworde of Silla was but Apollo.

The sixt king of the Medes was named Phaortes, a man of great promesse and of great fortune, who much encreased the state of Media with winning of many countreys, and ad∣ding of many nations to the kingdome of Media: he moued warres first against the Persians, and brought them at length vnder his hand, and vanquished them, who became subiects vnder Phaortes to the Empire of Media. After that, he passed further vnto Asia, destroying and vanquishing many stoute nations, in so much that he brought all Asia vnder the Medes. Againe he went with great force against the Assyrians, layde siege to Niniue, where he was slaine and all his armie vanqui∣shed: * 1.44 he raigned in Media 22. yeeres, about the 33. Olympiad, 105. yeeres after the building of Rome.

At this time raigned in Iudea, the good king Iosias, who de∣stroied idolatrie, & restored religion, cōmanding the groues, the altars, and other superstitious places, to be had in pieces: he caused all the wickednes which raigned among the Iewes in his fathers dayes king Amon, to be quite taken away. Now in Lydia gouerned Ardeis the 6. king of the Lydians. In Rome go∣uerned Tullus Hostilius the 3. king of the Romanes, & in Agrigen∣tū at this time the great tyrant Phalaris exercised his tyrannie. * 1.45

After Phaortes had brought all Asia vnder the Empire, and had vanquished the Persians, and now the monarchie was in * 1.46 Media, the Medes grew so strong that they subdued all coun∣treis, and became the only kingdom of force & power, whose fame and renowne was spread ouer the whole world. After him succeeded Ciaxares the 7. king of the Medes: this passed * 1.47 all the kings of Media before him, and obscured the fame of his predecessors: this king is named in Daniel Darius Medus, as Melancthon doeth note. This was he that subdued Asia, and deuided Asia into nations, countreys, prouinces, and kingdoms, and the first among the Medes that deuised speare∣men, bowmen, and horsemen, and taught the Medes many warlicke feates: he vanquished all the regions about Media, and gathered all the force hee could against the Lydians, and after brought all his armies ouer the riuer Halis, and went to reuenge his fathers death Phaortes vpon the Assyrians, besie∣ged Niniue, and (as Eusebius testifieth) he tooke the citie of Niniue, and conquered the most part of Assyria, except Baby∣lon and fewe prouinces about Babylon. It is written in Ruffi∣nus, that while Ciaxares layed siege to Niniue, Madies king of Scythia came with great power against this Ciaxares, with * 1.48 whom he encountred and put him to the worst, scattered his armie, and wan the field, and remoued their siege frō Niniue, in so much that the Scythians ruled & gouerned al Asia for 28. yeres, but afterward slaine and ouerthrowen by the Medes.

About this time Nabuchodonosor king of Babylon layed siege to Ierusalem, tooke Zedekias the king, burned the citie, and de∣stroyed * 1.49 the temple, and the most part of the best Iewes were

caried captiue into Babylon, where Ezechiel began to prophe∣cie both against Egypt and Babylon, where likewise he prophe∣cied the rebuilding of Ierusalem, and the restoring of the Iewes after 70. yeres captiuitie. There folowed in Media Astiages * 1.50 the 8. and last king of the Medes, who raigned ouer the Medes 35. yeeres, hauing onely one daughter named Mandanes: of this her father thought so wel, that he iudged no man among the Medes worthy of his daughter, but gaue her in mariage to Cambyses king of Persia, which then payed tribute vnto the Medes, and were broght vnder their monarchie by cōquest.

Now Astiages the king being in his town Ecbatana, dreamed of his daughter Mādanes in this sort: he thought in his dreame that his daughter made so much water at one time as filled al the streets of the city Ecbatana, & that it did ouerflow all Asia: who when he awaked, mused much at this dreame, & fearing * 1.51 the successe thereof, tooke order with one Harpagus a friend of his, that when his daughter Mādanes should be brought to bed, the child should presently be killed. This cōmandement of the king troubled Harpagus, insomuch that he himself dete∣sted * 1.52 so foule an act, caused one named Mitridates a heardman of Astiages to come to his house, to whō he imparted the kings * 1.53 cōmandement, charging him to take the child, and to bring him to some place where the childe might die, to auoyde the displeasure of the king. This poore man obeying Harpagus, tooke the child, delighted much in his fauour, thinking in his heart that he was of some great parentage, tooke it with him, and hauing that time by his wife a childe borne dead, hee tooke it, and made as though it were Cambyses sonne, & buried * 1.54 him in a desart place, and cōmanded his wife to bring vp Cy∣rus as her owne childe. Now when Harpagus was throughly certified that Cyrus was killed & buried by this his trusty friēd, who saw the place where the dead childe was buried, suppo∣sing it to be Cyrus, Harpagus therof was very glad, told the king that in al things his cōmandement was executed. The king was merie, & al things very quiet, and he doubted nothing.

While this Astiages was lustie and frolike, Cyrus grew in the

meane while to some stature, being about tenne yeeres of age, hauing some cause to be brought before Astyages, he had some impression in his head, and conceiued by imagination, considering the time that Cyrus should haue bene killed, and * 1.55 the age of Cyrus then present: hee beganne to examine the matter with Harpagus, and Harpagus with Midridates, vntill the trueth was found. Astiages being much disquieted with this Harpagus, was troubled in minde, fearing some mis∣chance should happen vnto him by the meanes of this Cyrus, of whom he dreamed (as you heard) commaunded him * 1.56 out of his sight, and to goe vnto Persia to his father Cambyses, and to his mother Mandanes, and there, vpon his allegeance to stay. * 1.57

Cyrus began to feele his stomacke being very young, to be very great: yet for that time he obeyed the king, and went to Persia, where he consulted with Harpagus about the recoue∣rie of the kingdome of Media. For when Cyrus had heard how that Astiages had commaunded Harpagus to kill him, and to * 1.58 haue him out of the way, hee thought now being in yeeres, fully to reuenge the said wrong: he gathered his power toge∣ther, and had his souldiers in armes, and was ready with his force to march against Astiages.

The bruite and great report of Cyrus preparation came to * 1.59 the eares of king Astiages, who not being therewith a little frighted, sent messengers vnto Cyrus, commanding him vpon his allegeance to repaire to king Astiages. To whom answere was made by Cyrus, that Astiages should see Cyrus before hee * 1.60 wished to see him, and that Cyrus would come before Astiages would haue him to come. This answere of Cyrus being giuen to the king, he straight commanded all Media to be in armes, and with great hast & with no lesse feare made his souldiers readie. Nowe Harpagus hauing determined to flee from his charge, being generall of the Medes, vnto Cyrus: When both the armies came to ioyne in battell, Harpagus perfourmed promise with Cyrus, forsooke the Medes, and came to the * 1.61 Persians. This first battell by reason of Harpagus and diuers

noble men more of Media which reuolted, was ouerthrowen by Cyrus.

Astiages againe gathered his force, renewed his armie, and came in field himselfe being general in person against Cyrus, * 1.62 where hee was with all his souldiers ouerthrowen, and his kingdome taken from him, and the Empire of Media which before gouerned Persia, is nowe againe brought by Cyrus vn∣to Persia.

This was the vncertaine state of the worlde then, some∣time conquerours, and sometime straight conquered, as be∣fore you haue read of Assyria and Chaldea sometimes the As∣syrians mastered the Chaldeans, and againe the Chaldeans ouer∣came the Assyrians, and so of the Medes and of the Persians: * 1.63 for now the Persians are become lords of Media, Lydia, Chal∣dea, Assyria, all Asia, and the most part of the East, which the Medes hitherto for the space of an hundreth and thirtie yeres gouerned Asia about the riuer Halis. Thus Media after it had * 1.64 in all continued three hundreth and fiftie yeeres, from Sarda∣napalus vntill Cyrus time, by Cyrus was ouerthrowen, in the * 1.65 thirtie and fifte yeere of the raigne of Astiages, two hun∣dreth yeeres after the building of Rome, at what time Tarqui∣nius Priscus was the first king of Rome.

This time ruled in Lydia, Cressus, which within foureteene yeere after was likewise vanquished by Cyrus, and his king∣dome translated vnto Persia. It is in Zonaras and in Iosephus * 1.66 otherwise written about Cyrus and Astiages: they affirme that Cyaxeres was the sonne of Astiages: this was of Daniel called Darius Medus, & of Iosephus, Zonaras, Zenophon, and others. This * 1.67 was vncle vnto Cyrus, and heire vnto Astiages: hee together with Cyrus gouerned for a time, afterwarde hauing but one daughter, he bequethed his daughter and the kingdome vn∣to Cyrus his nephew his sisters sonne, who was married vn∣to Cambyses.

While this Cyaxeres liued, he honoured much Daniel, and had him in great reuerence. Herodotus writeth in the histo∣rie * 1.68 of Cyrus, and sayeth, that Cyrus married Cassandanes the

daughter of Pharnaspis: so doeth Zenophon, and so doeth Zo∣naras * 1.69 write.

The Egyptians affirme, that Cyrus married a wife in Egypt, and by her got Cambyses •…•…but howe foeuer Chronographers agree, it is certaine that hee beganne a monarchie vpon the conquering of Lydia and Media, as shall bee more at large written in the historie of Persia.

The Medes fed on fruites, Ex amigdalis tostis panes, ex ma∣lis * 1.70 siccis ac tritis massas conficiunt, They make their drinke of certaine rootes, and they vse wilde beastes, and wilde fowles for their foode: for they nourish no tame beast. And this is the propertie of the Medes and of their king, to haue as many wiue's as they woulde, they might not haue vnder * 1.71 seuen. And so their women thought it a great praise and fame to haue many husbands, but they might not liue without fiue hus∣bands, as Strabo doeth write in his eleuenth Booke.

Notes

• * 1.1

  Strabo. lib. 11.
• * 1.2

  Iosephus lib. 1. cap. 6.
• * 1.3

  The Medes first by Cyrus vanquished.
• * 1.4

  Deiocis the 〈◊〉〈◊〉. king of the Medes.
• * 1.5

  Arbase▪ subdu∣ed the Assyri∣ans, and made them subiect to the Medes.
• * 1.6

  Arbaces
• * 1.7

  Bellochus.
• * 1.8

  Sosarmus 3. king of the Medes.
• * 1.9

  Aristeus 4. king.
• * 1.10

  The Parthians were vanqui∣shed by the Medes.
• * 1.11

  Astiages the last king of Media.
• * 1.12

  Iustinus lib. 1.
• * 1.13

  Diodor. lib. 2. cap. 7.
• * 1.14

  Arbases the first gouernor of Media. Controuersie of the gouern∣ment of the Medes. Sosaramus 2. king of Media.
• * 1.15

  Orosius lib. 1. cap. 24.
• * 1.16

  Great warres betweene the Pelopon, and the Athenians.
• * 1.17

  Romulus borne
• * 1.18

  King of Tyre,
• * 1.19

  Menander de bello Salmanas∣ser.
• * 1.20

  Dyonisius Hal. lib. 1.
• * 1.21

  Sancherib ouer throwen.
• * 1.22

  Cardiceas 4.
• * 1.23

  King of Media.
• * 1.24

  Merodach 4. king.
• * 1.25

  Manasses a ty∣rant.
• * 1.26

  Lib. 10. ap. 1.
• * 1.27

  Dionis. lib. 2.
• * 1.28

  Sosarmus.
• * 1.29

  Deiocis the 1. king of the Medes.
• * 1.30

  Diodorus Siculus lib. 3.
• * 1.31

  Strab. lib. 11.
• * 1.32

  Russ•…•… de Medor. origine.
• * 1.33

  Deioces praised
• * 1.34

  Diodo. lib. 1.
• * 1.35

  Herodot. lib. 2.
• * 1.36

  The Egyptians.
• * 1.37

  The Indians.
• * 1.38

  The Persian.
• * 1.39

  The Macedo∣nians.
• * 1.40

  The Romanes.
• * 1.41

  The olde Ger∣manes.
• * 1.42

  The seuerall ensignes of kinges and great cap∣taines.
• * 1.43

  Watchwords at se•…•…raln 〈◊〉〈◊〉 or •…•…eat 〈◊〉〈◊〉.
• * 1.44

  Phaortes slaine at Niniue.
• * 1.45

  Phaortes.
• * 1.46

  Strabo lib. 11.
• * 1.47

  Ciaxares the sonne of Pha∣ortes, and the 7. king of Media.
• * 1.48

  Ruffinus de Me∣dorum origine.
• * 1.49

  The besieging of Ierusalem by Nabuchodono∣sor.
• * 1.50

  Astiages the 8. and last king of Media.
• * 1.51

  Astiages dreame of his daughter.
• * 1.52

  Harpagus.
• * 1.53

  Mitridates.
• * 1.54

  Cyrus brought vp with a poore heard∣man as his owne childe.
• * 1.55

  astyages hath knowledge that Cyrus was not slaine by Harpagus.
• * 1.56

  Cyrus is bani∣shed from Me∣dia vnto Persia.
• * 1.57

  Cyrus is father to Cambyses, and not his soane, in all writers but in Herodotus.
• * 1.58

  Cyrus maketh this force in a readinesse.
• * 1.59

  Messengers sent vnto Cy∣rus.
• * 1.60

  Cyrus answere.
• * 1.61

  The first bat∣tell of Astyages with Cyrus.
• * 1.62

  The second ouerthrow of Astiages, and the last.
• * 1.63

  The last ende of the Medes.
• * 1.64

  The riuer Ha∣lis.
• * 1.65

  The 56. Olym∣piad.
• * 1.66

  Zonar. lib. 1. cap. 19.
• * 1.67

  Iosephus lib. 10. cap. 13.
• * 1.68

  Herod. lib. 3.
• * 1.69

  zenophon lib. 8. Padago.
• * 1.70

  Howe the Medes fed. Strabo lib. 11.
• * 1.71

  Of their hus∣bands.