The Romane historie vvritten by T. Livius of Padua. Also, the Breviaries of L. Florus: with a chronologie to the whole historie: and the Topographie of Rome in old time. Translated out of Latine into English, by Philemon Holland, Doctor in Physicke

A

Aulus, the forename to divers families in Rome.

Aediles, certaine inferiour magistrates in Rome: who were of two sortes; Plebey, and Curules. Plebey, of the Commons onely, two in number, more auncient than the o∣ther, chosen by the people alone to second and assist the Tribunes of the Commons as their right hands. This name they tooke of the charge they had of temples, chappels, and oratories; albeit they registred the San∣ctions and acts of the people called Plebiscita, and kept the same in their owne custodie; and were clerkes of the market: also they ex∣hibited the games and plaies called Plebeij. Cu∣rules, were likewise twaine, elected out of the order and degree of the Patrity: so called, of the Ivorie chaire wherein they were allowed to sit, as officers of greater state. They set foorth the great solemnities called Ludi ma∣gni, or Romani; were overseers of the buil∣dings throughout the cittie as well publicke as private, in manner of the 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 in Athens; they had regard to the publicke vaults, sinks, conveiances, and conduits of the cittie wa∣ters; looked to the Arsenall; &c. Moreover, they had power to attach the bodies of great persons; and were charged to see unto the provision of corne and victuals. At the first, none but Patrity might be advaunced to this place: but in processe of time, Commoners also atteined thereunto, These as well as the Plebey were Sacrusancti, ••unviolable.

Aenery, they were, who being citizens of Rome, were by the Censours deprived of giving their voices in their Centurie or Tribe; paid all tribute with citizens according to the va∣luation of their goods; and served in the wars of their owne charges: and either because aera pendebant, or, aera non merchant, it seemeth they tooke that name.

Agmen quadratum: Agmine quadrato ducere, is taken in a three-fold sence. First, The same that in∣festo exercitu, infesto agmine, or, infestis signis: which signifieth the ordinarie manner of ene∣mies marching with banners displaied, either to a battaile, or to the siege and assault of a fort: and this manner of phrase addeth a grace onely to the sentence. Secondly, To march or fight in a foure square battaillon, thougli not alwaies with equall sides & right angles: and the same not charged with the carriages at all. Thirdly, VVhen an armie is spread and displaied at large, enclosing the impedimenta or baggage in the mids, for safetie and securitie.

Agrariae, were lawes preferred by the Tribunes of the Commons, as well for division of lands (conquered from the enemies) among the Commons; as to restraine the possessions of the Nobles within a certaine limit and com∣passe.

Ambitus, The inordinate and excessive desire to be in office of state, appearing by indirect and unlawfull meanes; either to their friends and kinsfolkes, or to the people: against which, many lawes in Rome were provided; namely, Acilia, Baebia, AEmilia, Licimia, and o∣thers.

Ancilia: Ancite was a buckler or scutcheon, that (as they say) fell from heaven into the hands of K. Numa in time of a plague: and hee be∣ing advertised by Egeria, That it was for the health of the citie, and ought to be kept safe; caused 11 more to be made unto it, so like, as they could not be knowne from the pat∣terne which hereby was preserved. The kee∣ping here of was committed to the twelve Sti∣lij.

Annales, were briefe memorials, Chronicles, or commentaries, conteining the Anames of Con∣suls every yeere, the date of ••imes, and all

memorable occurrents happening therein. The high priests, called Pontifices maximi, had the charge by their place to gather the same into tables, and to set them up in their hou∣ses for to be seene: and hereupon they were called Annales maximi, à Maximis Pontisicibus; and not of their greatnesse, as those huge vo∣lumes, named Libri Elephantini.

Ap. Appius, a forename appropriate to the House of the Claudij in Rome.

Appia via, A notable street or high-way; begun by Ap. Claudius, reaching fró Rome, as far as Ca∣pua: and afterwards by Iulius Caesar and Tra∣jane, it was extended to Brindis in Calabria. Of all other it seemeth to be the principall, by the testimonie of Papinius the Poet, who writeth thus of it,

Appia cunctarum sertur Regina viarum.

Called it was Triumphalis (as also the gate Ca∣pena;) because through it the triumphes or∣dinarily passed at the said gate.

Aramaxima, The great altar reared by Hercules, and tooke the name of a great heap of stones about it.

Arbor insaelix, Is commonly taken for a tree that naturally beareth no fruit.

Argiletus imus, Is the base or low part of a street in Rome; in regard of the upper end there∣of, called Summus: in like sort as Ianus summus & imus.

Area, is taken for some void place, whereupon nothing groweth, quia aret: as Forum boarium in Rome, Areaqueposit de bove nonem habet, and differeth from Campus, for that it is lesse. Also a plot of ground made levell and cleane for to build upon: as in Suetonius 26. Forum Caesar de manubus inchoavit, the Area whereof, (id est, the trimming and levelling of the plot) cost H-S. millies, id est, an hundred millions of Se∣stertij. Last of all, the broad yards before tem∣ples, not covered but compassed about with columnes, like a cloister with an altar in the mids, be called Area.

Aruspices, were wisards or southsayers, directed by the bowels & inwards of beasts killed for sacri∣fice, called also Extispices, & in Greeke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, who prying into them, had especiall regard of the liver; whereupon their whole Art and learning was tearmed 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, albeit they observed also the heart, lungs, spleene, and kidnies.

As, or Assis, usually in Livie is taken for a Romane poise, or coine in brasse, the tenth part in value of their silver Denarius. At first it was a pound weight of twelve ounces; but after∣wards, the Sextans, id est, the sixt part thereof, was valewed worth the whole: and howsoe∣ver otherwise it altered in poise, it went al∣waies for 3 farthings or thereabout of our en∣glish money.

Augurium, See AUSPICIA.

Aurei Romani, Peeces of gold coine currant in Rome: in round reckoning equivalent to our spur-roiall of 15 sh. For 100 Sestertij made aureum, which amount to 15 sh. 7 d. ob. the 4 part of mina, i. a lib. in silver, and of an ounce of angell gold.

Auspicia: Auspices were properly the observation of the birds, either by their singing and flying in the aire; or by their gesture and manner of feeding in their cavea or coupe: whereby their Augurs and Pullarij knew in their lear∣ning, the pleasure and will of the gods, whe∣ther they favoured their enterprises or no. The birds that gave signe by their voice and singing, they called Ossines, quasi ore canentes, as the crow, raven, and owle; and thereof came Augurium, quasi avium garritus. Those that she∣wed ought by their flight & wings, were na∣med Alites or Praepetes, as the buzzard, eagle, crane, grype, swan, and broad-winged soules, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. The good signes were called Sinistra auspicia, quasi sinistima, quod sinant fieri, whether they came from the left hand or the right. In pullets or chickens kept in cages, they ob∣served whether they came forth willingly to their meat (for to abstaine from it was thought unluckie:) whereas their feeding heartily, was a good signe, and called solistimum tripudium, quas terripavium & terraepudium, when some of the meat falleth out of the mouth, & terram pavit, i. beateth upon the ground; as it must needs do, when they pecked either corne, or gobbets called offae.