The Romane historie vvritten by T. Livius of Padua. Also, the Breviaries of L. Florus: with a chronologie to the whole historie: and the Topographie of Rome in old time. Translated out of Latine into English, by Philemon Holland, Doctor in Physicke

CHAP. IIII. The temples of Saturne, Iupiter Tonans, Iupiter Custos, of Fortune, of Vejovis, Mercie, Iuno Moneta, and of Ianus. The sepulchre of Orestes, the common Treasurie, the house of Manlius, and chappell of Carmenta.

SInce that we have described the temple of Iupiter K. of the gods, in what place it was situate, and by whome built; meet it is to make report also of other gods in order, who had their houses in the Capitoll: and first of Saturne, Iupiters father.

Saturne in old time had an altar erected unto him in the verie way as ye goe out of the Forum up to the Capitoll, as some thinke. There be, that would have this temple or altar of Saturne, built by the companions of Hercules: others againe say, that Tatius reared it. But of this varietie in opinion of VVriters, this may be the reason, because some affirme, that there were two temples consecrated to Saturne, but reared in divers places and at severall times: one at the rocke of Carmenta, even be∣fore the Capitoline cliffe (wherein the bones also of Orestes brought from Aricia were bestowed:) the other in that very place, where now standeth the chappell of S. Saviour: where yet at this day there is a turret to be seene, which they call, the tower in Aerarium: for there first was the common trea∣sure house of Rome. In the temple of Saturne, dedicated by Catulus Luctatius, there stood Ianus with foure faces; signifyingthe foure times of the yeere: of whome the first moneth Ianuarie tooke name.

The temple of Iupiter Tonans, Augustus Caesar first built, on the Capitoline cliffe or side of the hill, Southeast; upon this occasion: It happened, that in the Cantabrian expedition, as hee was carried by night in a litter, the lightning slightly glaunced thereupon, and killed the servant that was the guide; and therefore he both vowed this temple, and also finished it to the honour of Thundring Iu∣piter. A temple also to Fortune was built not farre from it.

The temple of Vejovis, stood betweene the castle and the Capitoll, in that part where now the chappels are to be seene of Conservatores. In old time they called this Idoll-devill, Vejovis, because he was deprived of all power to helpe and doe good. To him they sacrificed a shee goat: because hee

held arrowes in his hand, most men thought he was Apollo.

Asylum, that is to say, the temple of Mercie stood likewise upon the Capitoll hill, neer a shadowie grove, in the very valley amid the Capitoll and the castle. Called it is the temple Intermontium, betweene two oke rowes. This, Romulus erected; that what offender soever thither fled, he should be priviledged as in a sanctuarie. But Tyberius afterwards, supposing that this place ministred occasion of mischiefe, deprived it of that libertie. This Asylum, by report, the posteritie of Hercules first erected.

The temple (as also the mint-house) of Iuno Moneta, was built upon that plot of ground, where som∣time stood the house of M. Manlius. This chappell, some report that L. Furius vowed; others, that L. Cicereius the Pretor; and Ovid, that Camillus. Now was Iuno called Moneta, of giving warning; for that from the verie place where afterwards the temple was set, there was a voice heard of Iuno, admoni∣shing them of the future overthrow by the Senones. In this place now standeth a Senators house of Rome.

The temple of Ianus keeper of the Capitoline castle, stood in that place, where at this day is the goale and prison for malefactors and fellons, toward the Southwest, over-against the Forum Roma∣num. This Ianus upon the Capitoll, Romulus and Tatius devised to have two faces, representing therby the two nations. Others would have him to be pourtraied a faced, for his cunning and providence: for he was the first that invented the [roiall] crown; also boats; the skill of navigation; brasen coine, and many other things. Ianus tooke that name ab cundo, of going, for that he turneth about the hea∣ven and all things els. For which cause he is also named Vertumnus: In old time they beleeved there was but one Ianus; but the posteritie in later age, have imagined more.

The temple of Iupiter Custos, Domitian (after hee was invested in the empire) built: and placed his owne image in the lap and bosome of that god. It stood where at this day the Salinae or saltpits are, neere the temple of Ianus.