The totall discourse, of the rare adventures, and painefull peregrinations of long nineteene yeares travailes from Scotland, to the most famous kingdomes in Europe, Asia, and Affrica Perfited by three deare bought voyages, in surveying of forty eight kingdomes ancient and modern; twenty one rei-publicks, ten absolute principalities, with two hundred islands. ... divided into three bookes: being newly corrected, and augmented in many severall places, with the addition of a table thereunto annexed of all the chiefe heads. Wherein is contayed an exact relation of the lawes, religions, policies and governments of all their princes, potentates and people. Together with the grievous tortures he suffered by the Inquisition of Malaga in Spaine ... And of his last and late returne from the Northern Isles, and other places adjacent. By William Lithgow.

The Tenth Part.

Containing the third Booke of my Third Travailes.

NOw swolne ambition bred from curious toile Invites my feet, to tread parch'd Aethiops Soile, To sight great Prester I••han, and his Empire; That mighty King, their Prince, their Priest, their Sire; Their Lawes, Religion, Manners, Life and frame, And Amais, mount-rais'd, Library of ••ame. Well, I am sped, bids Englands Court adiew, And by the way the Hiberne bo••nds I view; In whose defects, the truth like razor sharpe Shall sadly tune, my new string'd Irish Harpe: Then sound I France, and cross'd the Pythen••ise At the Columbian heights which t••reat the skies; And coasting Pampelon, I 〈◊〉〈◊〉 all Spaine▪ From Be••obia, to Jubile Taure againe. Then rest'd at Malaga, where I was shent And taken for a Spie, crush'd, rackt, and rent. Where ah! (when Treason tride) by false position; They wrest'd on me their lawlesse Inqui••ition: Which after Tortures, Hunger, Ve••mine 〈◊〉〈◊〉,

Condemn'd me quicke, stake-bound, to burne in ashes. Gods providence comes in, and I'me discovered By Merchants meanes, by Aston last delivered: Where noble Maunsell, Generall of that Fleet, That I was rack'd for; did kind Haulkins greet, With strict command▪ to send me home for Court, To shew King James, my torments, pangs, and tort: Loe I am come, to Bath I'me sent, and more Mine hoplesse life, made Worlds my sight deplore; Which here Ile sing, in Tragicke tune to all That love the Truth, and looke for Babels fall.

BUt now having finished the two Discripti∣ons, of my first and second Adventures; it rest n••w most necessary, to relate the Meri∣torious designe, and miserable effect of my third Voyage. After I had (I say) by the great providence of God, escaped infinite dangers by Seas, suffering thrice shipwrack: by Land, in Woods, and on Mountaines often invaded; by ravenous Beasts, craw∣ling and venemous Wormes daily incombred; by home∣bred Robbers, and remote Savages five times strip'd to the skin; excessive fastidiousnesse, unspeakable adversities, parching heats, scorching drouth, intollerable distresses of hunger, imprisonments, and cold; yet all these almost incredible sufferings past, could never abate the flame of mine austiere affection conceived; but ambitious curiosi∣ty, exposing me to a third Voyage, I may say as Aene••s did in his penetentiall Mood:

O socij neque eni••i ignari sumus, ante malorum, O passi graviora, dabit Deus his quoque finem.

O Socials! we're not ignorant of losses, O suffrings sad, God too, will end these ••rosses.

But to observe a methodicall order, I thinke it best to shew the unacquainted Reader, a reasonable satisfaction for undertaking the third, and almost invincible at∣tempt

First, the most speciall and urgent cause, proceeded from a necessary good (the necessity of knowledge) in the requisite perfection of Europes full and spacious sight, the ancient Tierce, and now most Christian world; wanting former no part thereof unseene, as well under the Turke as Christian, except Ireland and the ha••fe of Spaine.

The second cause was moved from a more in••atiate content, that when I had, and having compassed all Eu∣rope, my resolution was to borrow a larger dimmense of ground in Affricke than formerly I had done in twice before, even to Aethiopia▪ Prester▪ Iehans Dominions. For the same effect, and a great impression to my Reso∣lution, I set pen to paper, drawing from the distaffe of the retractable Muses, a Poeticall pamphlet; Dedicated to themselves, to their profound Apollo, his then hopefull Heire, and divers Noble Peeres of both King∣domes.

And having from a Royall favour obtained his Maje∣sties Letters and Seales of safe Conduct, and Regall re∣commendation to all Kings, Princes, and Dukes, &c. I in all obsequious humility bad farewel to this sequestrate and most auspicuous Monarchy; and arriving at Dub∣lin in Ireland, the two and twentieth of August, one thousand sixe hundred and nineteene, I saluted the right Honourable Sir Oliver St. Iohns late Lord Grandison, and

then Lord Deputy there, from whom for regard and singular courtesies, I was greatly obliged: So was I also to many of the English Nobilitie and Knighthood there: who through the whole Countrey where ever I came en∣tertained mee kindly, sending Guides with mee from place to place; yea, and sometimes safe-guards also; be∣side in their houses great good cheere and welcome. But in speciall a dutifull remembrance I owe, to the memory of that sometimes judicious and religious Lord Arthu••▪ late Lord Chichester, Baron of Belfast, &c. Who in his time, for Vertue, Wisdome, and Valour, wore the Dia∣deme of Love, and Garland of true Noblenesse: Of whom, and for whose losse, if I should more praise, and longer lament, my inke would turn to brinish teares, and I to helplesse sorrow: But leaving him who lived in good∣nesse here, and now in glorie for ever, I celebrate these Lines to his eternall Fame.

If ever Bountie shin'd in loyall brest? If ever Iudgment, flow'd from generous mouth? If ever Vice-roy rul'd this Kingdome best? If ever Valour, honour'd hopefull youth? If ever Wisdome, Astrea's worth possest? If ever Vertue, was inclin'd to ruth? If ever Iustice, enormities redrest? If ever Patron, paterne was of truth? Then noble Chichester, the Heavens assigne, These gifts (thy honour'd parts) were truly thine.

And now after a generall surveigh of the whole King∣dome, (the North-west part of Canoch excepted) accom∣plished: from the first of September til the last of February;

I found the goodnesse of the Soyle, more then answera∣ble to mine expectation, the defect only remayning (not speaking of our Colonies) in the people, and from them, in the bosome of two gracelesse Sisters, Ignorance and Sluggishnesse.

This Kingdom is divided in foure provinces, although some allude five, that is, Easterne and Westerne Maith, but they are understood to be annexed to Leinster: Their names are these, Leinster, Munster, Vlster, and Canocht: The South-most whereof, is Munster a foile (and so is Leinster in most parts (nothing inferiour, if seasonably manured, to the best grounds in England. The Island lieth almost in a Rotundo, being every way spacious; the greatest River whereof is Shannon, whose course, a∣mounteth to eight score miles, inclosing within it many little Isles.

And this I dare avo••, there are more Rivers, Lakes, Brooks, Strands, Quagmires, Bogs and Marishes, in this Countrey, then in all Christendome besides; for Travelling there in the Winter, all my daily solace, was sincke downe comfort; whiles Boggy-plunging deeps kissing my Horse-belly; whiles over mired Saddle, Bodie, and all; and often or ever set a swimming in great dan∣ger both I and my Guides of our Lives: That for clou∣dy and fountaine-bred perils, I was never before reduct∣ed to such a sloting Laborinth. Considering that in five months space, I quite spoiled six horses, and my selfe as tyred as the worst of them.

And now I call to memory (not without derision) though I conceal the particular place and prelate, it was my Fortune in the County of Dunagale, to bee joviall with a bishop at his Table, whereafter diverse Discour∣ses, my ghostly Father grew offended with mee, for

terming of his wife Mistresse: which when understood, I both called her Madam, and Lady Bishop: Whereupon he grew more incensed; and leaving him unsatisfied: re∣solve me Reader, if it be the custome here or not? an di••∣amends shall repay over-sight, a ghostly wife shall be still Madam Lady with me; if not, mine observed manner shall be Mistresse.

But now to come to my punctuall Discourse of Ire∣land; true it is, to make a fit comparison, the Barbarian Moore, the Moorish Spaniard, the Turke, and the I∣rish-man, are the least industrious, and most sluggish li∣vers under the Sunne, for the vulgar Irish, I protest, live more miserably in their brutish fashion, than the un∣daunted, or untamed Arabian, the Devillish-idolatrous Turcoman, or the Moone-worshipping Caramines, shew∣ing thereby a greater necessity they have to live, than any pleasure they have, or can have in their living.

Their Fabricks are advanced three or foure yards high, Pavilion-like incircling, erected in a singular Frame, of smoak-torne straw, greene long prick'd turffe, and Rain-dropping watles. Their severall Rooms of Palatiat divisions, as Chambers, Halls, Parlours, Kitch∣ins, Barnes, and Stables, are all inclosed in one, and that one (perhaps) in the midst of a Mire; where, when in foule weather, scarcely can they finde a drye part, whereupon to repose their cloud-baptized heads. Their shirts be woven of the wooll or Linnen of their owne na∣ture, and their penurious food semblable to their ruvid condition.

And lastly, these onely titular Christians, are so igno∣rant in their superstitious profession of Popery, that nei∣ther they, nor the greatest part of their Priests know, or understand what the mystery of the Masse is; which

they daily see, and the other celebrate, nor what the name of Iesus is, either in his divine or humane Nature: Aske him of his Religion, he replieth; what his father, his great Grandfather were, that will he be also: And hundreds of better than the commot sort, have demanded mee, if Ierusalem, and Christs Sepulchre were in Ireland, and if the Holy Land was contiguat with Saint Patricks Purga∣tory.

They also at the sight of each New Moone, (I speak it credibly) bequeath their Cattell to her protection, obnoxiously imploring the pale Lady of the Night, that she will leave their Beastiall in as good plight as shee found them: And if sicke, scabbed, or sore, they solici∣tate her Maiden-fac'd Majesty to restore them to their health, in which absurdity they farre surmount ••he silly Sabuncks, and Garolinean Moores of Lybia: Indeed of all things, (besides their ignorance) I onely lamented their heavie bondage under three kind of Masters; the Land-lord for his rent, the Minister for his tythes, and the Romish Priest for his fees: And remarke when their own Irish Rent-masters have any voyage for Dublin, or per∣adventure superspended at home in feasting of strangers; then must these poore ones be taxed and afflicted with the supply of the devasted provision of their prodigal houses; otherwise in supporting their superfluous charges for Dublin.

O! what a slavish servitude doe these silly wretches endure? the most part of whom in all their lives, have ne∣ver a third part of food, natures cloathing, nor a secure shelter for the winter cold.

The miserable sight whereof, and their sad sounding groanes, have often drawne a sorrowfull remorse from my humane compassion.

As for their Gentry, such as are brought up here at London, learne to become a great deale more civill, than those who are brought up at home after their owne rude and accustomed manner: And this I observed, in my traversing the whole Kingdome I never saw one or other, neither could moove any of that selfe Nation, to pledg or to present his Majesties health; but as many other healths as you list; they will both fasten and receive from you, till they fall in the muddy hotch potch of their dead Grand-fathers understanding: indeed for intertainement of strangers they are freely disposed: and their Gentle∣men of any good sort reserve ever in their houses, Spa∣nish Sack, and Irish Vscova, and will bee as tipsy with their wives, their Priests, and their friends, as though they were naturally infeft in the eleven royall Taverns of Naples.

And now amongst many, there are two intolerable abuses of protections in that Kingdome: The one of Theeves and Wood-carnes, the other of Priests and Pa∣pists: I discourse of these corruptions now as I found them then.

The first is prejudicall to all Christian civilnesse, tran∣quill government, and a great discouragement for our colloniz'd plantators there, belonging to both soyles of this Island; being daily molested, and nightly incombered with these blood-sucking Rebells.

And notwithstanding of their barbarous cruelty, ever executed at all advantages, with slaughter and murder upon the Scots and English dwellers there; yet they have and find at their owne wills Symonicall protections, for lesser or longer times; ever as the confused dispo∣sers, have their law-sold hands, filled with the bloody bribes of slaughtered lives, high-way, and house

robbed people: And then thereafter their ill got meanes being spent, like unto dogs, they returne back to their former vomit; so jugling with their in, and outgoings, like to the restlesse Ocean, that they cannot nor never did become true subjects to our King, not faithfull friends to their Country: Unlesse by extremity of Justice, the one still hanged before the other, the remnant by the gallowes may examplify amendment, contrariwise, that Land shall never be quiet: for these villanous Wood∣carnes are but the Hounds of their hunting Priests a∣gainst what faction soever, their malicious malignity is intended: partly for intertainement, partly for par∣ticular spleens, and lastly, for a generall disturbance of the Countrey, for the Priests greater security and stay.

The other abuse is, their Libertinous Masses; the re∣dresse whereof, I first to the Heavens, and then to my Prince bequeath; whose Sabboth recusant mony, where∣of they bragge (as they say) in derision of our luke∣warme dispensation, tendeth to none other purpose, but to obombrate the true light of the Gospell, and to feed their absurd, and almost irrevocable ignorance.

And neverthelesse at their daily meetings (experi∣ence taught mee) there was never a more repining peo∣ple against our Prince and Church as they be: for in this presumption twofold cause arriseth, want of zeale and Church discipline in our parts and the officious nine penny Masse on their part: yea, all and each of them, so exacted and compounded with a higher or lower rates, as the officers in this nature please.

The distribution whereof, I no wayes paralell to the sleight concavi••ting veynes of the earth, nor the sole sup∣ply of high-rising Atlas, neither to invelope the perpen∣diculars of long-reaching Caucasus: how soever ••ect-de∣molished

Churches, unpassable bridges, indigent Schol∣lers, and distressed families be supported therewith, I am as cleare of it as they, although I smart by the contrary confusion.

But leaving this, and observing my Method, I remem∣ber I saw in Irelands North-parts, two remarkable sights▪ The one was their manner of Tillage, Ploughes drawne by Horse-tayles, wanting harnesse, they are onely fastned with straw, or wooden Ropes to their bare Rumps, mar∣ching all side for side, three or foure in a ranke, and as ma∣ny men hanging by the ends of that untoward Labour. It is as bad a husbandry, I say, as ever I found among the wildest Savages alive; for the Caramins, who understand not the civill forme of Agriculture, yet they delve, hol∣low, and turn over the ground with manuall and wooden instruments: But they the Irish, have thousands of both Kingdomes daily labouring beside them, yet they cannot learne, because they will not learne to use harnesse, as they doe in England, so obstinate and perverse they are in their Barbarous consuetude, unlesse punishment and pe∣nalties were infl••cted; and yet most of them are content to pay twenty shillings a yeare, before they will change their custome.

The other as goodly fight I saw, was women travelling the way, or toyling at home, carry their infants a∣bout their necks, and laying the Dugges over their shoulders, would give sucke to the Babes behinde their backs, without taking them in their armes: Such kind of breasts me thinketh, were very fit to bee made money-bags for East or West-Indian Merchants, being more than halfe a yard long, and as well wrought as any Tanner, in the like charge, could ever mollifie such Leather.

Ireland is an excellent Country to live in for cheapnes and all variety of mans sustenance: therefore I would in∣treat the Reader to take this description of it, (though already spoken of before, but not so fully.)

This Country of Ireland lyeth farre in the West Oce∣an, and is accounted by the most expert in that kinde, to be in length very neare three hundred Miles, from North to South: in bredth, from East to West, one hundred and twenty Miles: It much resembleth the forme of an Egge; being as it were blunt at each end, and smooth or plaine on the sides; not extending it selfe forth to sea in Nooks and Armes of Land, as Eng∣land doth.

The Country it selfe lyeth low, and is very waterish, And containeth in it divers little Islands, and is much troubled with Bogs and Marishes. Some of their high∣est Hills, I have seene them had standing pooles of wa∣ter on their tops; the Country of it selfe is very fruitfull in all sorts of Cattell, and very plentifull of all manner of graine: The aire is very wholsome, yet not altoge∣ther so cleare and subtle as England. The inhabitants are much troubled with sicknesse, as defluxion of Rhumes, and bloody Flixes; and for prevention and helpe there∣of they drinke Aqua-vitae, which they conceive doth dry up the Rhume, and keepe them healthfull: It hath beene very full of Wood, and but little Champaigne ground: It is mightily inhabited by our English, and much civilized of late, by the great care of those which are and have beene their Governours.

Sea-coale and Turffe is most of their fuell; it hath great store of horses, but of no great stature, as they bee in England: They have plenty of Fish and all manner of Fowle: Great store of Bees, which yields them no small

profit: Sheepe are the fewest and scarcest of all other Cattell, and those are but small, and yield very course Woole, whereof the women spinne and make their Rugges and Mantles, which they weare about them. No Venemous or Creeping Beast is bred, brought forth, or nourished there, nor can live there if it were sent in; and therefore the Spider of Ireland is well known not to be venemous or hurtfull.

The most part of the better sort of people are inclined to vertue, and Religion; wondrous kinde, amorous, and loving, where they take their first love; but very revenge∣full and spleenfull otherwise. There are many Sorcerers and Witches amongst this Nation. The gentlemen are excellent horse-men; delighted with exercise of warlike Armes, and are both stout and couragious; and very free and bountifull in their Almes, and hospitality. At the death of any friend or kindred, they follow the dead corpes to the Grave with howlings and bitter cryings; pittifull in outward shew. They are very apt to believe and give credit to Miracles and old Prophesies, Rela∣tions and foolish sayings. They are very desirous of praise and honour; but very fearefull of dishonour. They love an excellent Poet, who can or will extoll Saint Patricke and their owne Nation, and will bounti∣full reward them.

As for any other customes they have, to avoid pro∣lixitie I spare; onely, before my pen flee over Seas, I would gladly shake hands with some of our Church∣men there, for better are the wounds of a friend, than the sweet smiles of a flatterer, for love and truth cannot dissemble.

Many dissembling impudents intrude themselves in this high calling of God, who are not truly, neither

worthily thereunto called, the ground here arising either from a carnall or carelesse presumption, otherwise from needy greed, and lack of bodily maintenance.

Such is now the corruption of time, that I know here even Mechanick men admitted in the place of Pastors: yea, and rude bred Souldiers, whose education was at the Musket mouth, are become there, both Lybian grave, and unlearned Churchmen: Nay; besides them professed; indeed professed Schollers: whose warbling mouthes ingorged with spoonefu's of bruised Latine, seldome or never expressed, unlesse the force of quaffing, spew it out forth from their empty Sculs: Such I say, interclude their Doctrine, betweene the Thatch and the Church-wall tops; and yet their smallest stipends shall amount to one, two, three, or foure hundred pounds a yeare.

Whereupon you may demand mee, how spend they, or how deserve they this? I answer, their deserts are nought, and the fruit thereof as naughtily spent: for Sermons and Prayers they never have any, neither never preached any, nor can preach.

And although some could, as perhaps they seeme∣ing would, they shall have no Auditour (as they say) but bare Walles, the plants of their Parishes, being the rootes of meere Irish. As concerning their carri∣age, in spending such sacrilegious Fees, the course is thus.

The Alehouse is their Church, the Irish Priests their Consorts, their Auditors be Fill, and Fetch more, their Text Spanish Sacke, their Prayers carrousing, their singing of Psalmes the whiffing of Tobacco, their last blessing Aqua vitae, and all their Doctrine sound drun∣kennesse.

And whensoever these parties meet, their pa••ting is Dane-like from a Dutch Pot, and the Minister still Purse-bearer, defrayeth all charges for the Priest: Ar∣guments of Religion, like Podolian Polonians they ••uc∣cumbe; their conference onely pleading mutuall for∣bearance; the Minister affraid of the Priests Wood-Carnes, and the Priests as fearefull of the Ministers apprehending, or denoting them; contracting thereby a Gibeonized covenant, yea, and for more submissions sake, hee will give way to the Priest to mumble Masse in his Church, where he in all his life made never Prayer nor Sermon.

Loe, there are some of the abuses of our late weak, and stragling Ecclesiasticks there, and the soule-sunk sorrow of godlesse Epicures and Hypocrites.

To all which, and much more have I beene an occular Testator, and sometimes a constrayned consociate to their companionry, yet not so much inforced as desi∣rous to know the behaviour and conversation of such mercenary Iebusites.

Great God amend it, for it is great pitty to behold it, and if it continue so still, as when I saw them last; O farre better it were! that these ill bestowed Tythes, and Church-wall Rents were distributed to the poore, and needy, than to suffocate the swine-fed bellies of such idle and prophane Parasites.

And here another generall abuse, I observed that whensoever any Irish dye, the friends of the defunct (be∣sides other fees) paying twenty shillings to the En∣glish Curat, shall get the corpes of the deceased to bee buried within the Church, yea often, even under the Pulpit foote: And for lucre interre in Gods San∣ctuary when dead, who when alive would never ap∣proach,

one enter the gates of Sion; to worship the Lord, nor conforme themselves to true Religion.

Truely such and the like abuses, and evill examples of lewd lives, having beene the greatest hinderance of that lands conversion; for such like wolues have beene from time to time, but stumbling blocks before them; regarding more their owne sensuall and licentious ends, than the glory of God, in converting of one foule unto his Church.

Now as concerning the conscionable carriage of the Hybernian Cleargie, aske mee, and there my reply: As many of them (for the most part) as are Protestant Ministers, have their Wives, Children, and Servants, in∣vested Papists; and many of these Church-men at the houre of their death (like Dogs) returne backe to their former vomit: Witnesse the late Vicar of Calin, (be∣longing to the late and last, Richard Earle of Desmond, who being on death-bed, and having two hundred pounds a yeare; finding himselfe to forsake both life and stipend, send straight for a Romish Priest, and received the Papall Sacrament: Confessing freely in my audience, that hee had beene a Roman Catholicke all his life, dissembling onely with his Religion, for the better maintaining of his wife and children. And being brought to his burial place, he was interted in the Church, with the which he had played the Ruffian all his life; be∣ing openly carried at mid-day with Jesuites, Priests, and Friers of his owne Nation, and after a contemptible manner, in derision of our profession, and Laws of the Kingdome.

Infinite more examples of this kinde could I recite, and the like resemblances of some being alive; ••ut I respe∣ctively suspend (wishing a Reformation of such Defor∣mation)

and so concludeth this Cleargicall corruption there. Yet I would not have the Reader to thinke, that I condemne all our Cleargie there, no, God forbid, for I know there are many sound and Religious Preachers of both Kingdomes among them, who make conscience of their calling, and live as Lanthornes, to uncapable Igno∣rants, and to those stragling Stoicks I complain of, con∣demnatory Judges; for it is a grievous thing to see in∣capable men, to juggle with the high mysteries of mans salvation.

And now after the fastidious ending of a tempestuous Raine sacking toyle, I imbarked at Yoghall in Munster, February 27, 1620, in a little French Pinke bound for Saint Mallo in Bretagne. Where, when transported, I set face to Paris, where I found the Works of two scelerate and perverse Authours: the one of which had disdainful∣ly wrote against the life and Reigne of Queene Elizabeth of sempiternall Renowne: the other ignominiously, upon the death of our late Queene Anne of ever blessed memo∣ry. The circumstances whereof, I will not avouch, since Malaga detaineth the notes of their abjured names, and perfidiate pains.

A just reward (may I say) refounded, upon these fond conceits, you have of the fantasticke French: Espe∣cially these superstitious straglers here; who, when, they have sucked the Milke of their self-ends, and your lavish Liberalities without desert; returne a kicke with their heeles (like to the Colt of an Asse) in your teeth a∣gaine. And there your meritorious thankes, and their shamefull slanders, in acquittance of your vaine Ex∣pence.

Tell mee, if you be tied like Apes to imitate their e∣ver-changing humours? And can you draw from them

(in any Art or carriage) a greater draught, then they draw from the Italian, for first they be Imitators; next Muta∣tors; thirdly, Temptators; and lastly, your Plantators, in all the varieties of vanity. Have you a desire to learne mo∣destly to Dance, skilfully to Fence, dexteriously to man∣age Great Horses, view Forraine Sights, learn Languages, Humane policies, and the like conducements:

Then rather reach, the Fountain, whence they flow, Whence Science, Arts, and Practice lively grow; Than suck the streams, of separate distasts, He well derives, his labour never wasts; Fond Fools affect, what foolery Fools effect, The sequell sight, than sense, doth more infect.

Besides these two infamous Authors, what hath Edee; the Idea of a Knave, (and Gentleman of the French privy-chamber) done; who like a Wood-weather-cock, and giddy headed Foole, (full of deficient Vapours) hath shamefully stained with his shamelesse pen, the light of this Kingdome, which now I omit to avouch till a fitter time.

Thus, they fondly Write, thus they prattle, thus they sing, thus they dance, thus they brangle, thus they dally in capritziate humours, and thus they vary, in the fleering conceit of sa, sa, sa, sa, sa, far beyond the inc••nstancie of all female inconstancies.

But to conclude this Epitome of France, three things I wish Way-faring man to prevent there: First, the eat∣ing of Victuals, and drinking of Wine without price making; lest (when hee hath done) for the stridour of his teeth his charges be redoubled. Next to choose his Lod∣ging (if it fall out in any way-standing Tavern) far from

palludiat Ditches, lest the vehemency of chirking Frogs, vexe the wished for Repose of his fatigated body, and cast him in a vigilant perplexity.

And lastly, unlesse early he would arise, I never wish him to lye neere the fore-streetes of a Towne, because of the disturbant clamours of the Peasant samboies or nayle woodden shoes: whose noyse like an aequivox re∣sembleth the clashing armour of Armies; or the clangour of the Vlyssen-tumbling Horse to fatall Troy.

But now to my purpose, leaving Paris behinde mee, I arrived at Pau in Bearne. This Province is a principality of it selfe, anciently annexed to the Kingdom of Navarre: lying between the higher Gascony of Guyan, and the Pyr∣henei Mountaines of Baske, bordering with the North parts of Navarre: Both of which, belongeth to the French King, except a little of Baske toward the Colum∣bian Alpes, and that the Spaniard commandeth.

Pau is the Justice seate of Bearne, having a goodly Ca∣stle situate on an artificiall Rock, and in this place was that Martiall Henry du Burbone la Quatriesme borne, then King of Navarre.

Here be the finest Gardens in Christendome, the Gar∣dens of Pretolino (5 miles from Florence) only excepted. Yet for faire Arbors, spacious over-siling walkes, and incorporate Trees interchanging growths, it surpasseth Pretolino: but the other for the variety of fructiferous Trees, rare and admirable ponds, artificiall fountaines; Diana, and her Allablaster Nymphly-portrayed traine, the counter-banding force of Aguadotti, and the exqui∣site banqueting roome, contrived among sounding un∣seen waters, in forme of Gargantus body, it much excel∣leth Pau.

Hence I discended the River of Orthes to Baion and

crossing the River Behobia, which divideth France and Spaine, I entred in Biscai Iune 29 1620. This is a Mountainous and invincible Countrey, (of which Victo∣nia is the chiefe City) being a barren and almost unprofi∣table Soile, the speciall commodities whereof, are Sheepe, Wooll as soft as silk; Goats and excellent good Iron: cornes they have none or little at all; neither wine but what is brought from Navarre in Pelagoes or swine∣skins, carried on Mulets backs.

Leaving Biscai, I entred Navarre and came to Pampe∣lona its Metropolitan City: Heere I founde the poorest Viceroy (nomen sinere) with the least meanes to maintaine him that ever the World affoorded such a stile. Navarre is but a little Kingdome, amounting in length (with the South Pendicles of the high Perhenese) to twenty three leagues: that is between Porto di St. Ioanne in Baske, and Grono upon the River Hebro, dividing the old Casti∣lia and Navarre. In breadth it extendeth to seventeene Leagues, that is between Varen in Biscai, and Terrafran•• in Arragon: The soyle is indifferent fertile of Corns and Wines. From thence I set Eastward to Syragusa, the capi∣tall Seat of Arragon.

Arragon, hath Navarre to the West; South, Valents Kingdome; East, and South-East, Catalogna; and on the North the Alpes Pyrhenese. It is an ancient and famous Kingdome, under whose Jurisdiction were both the per∣ty Kingdome of Valentia and Barselona: And not long ago, traduced to the Castilian King by marriage. For al∣though Castilia, hath the language, they have the lineall dissent of the Romans; the inhabitants whereof, being in∣stinctively endued with all humane affabilities. From thence returning from the old Castilia, or Kingdome of Burgos, in the way to St. Iago of Compostella in Galitia:

It was my fortune, as St. Domingo to enter the Towne Church accompanied with two French Puppies, mind∣full to shew mee a miraculous matter.

Where when come, I espied over my head, opposit to the great altar, two milke white Henns, enraveled in an iron Cage on the inner side of the Porches Promon∣tore. And demanding why they were kept? Or what they signified? Certaine Spaniards replyed; come along with us, and you shall see the Storie, and being brought to the (Choro) it was drawne thereon as followeth. The father and the sonne, two Burboneons of France, going in Pilgrimage to St. Iames, it was their lot to lodg here in an Inne: Where supper ended, and reckoning payed, the Host perceiving their denariat charge; hee entred their Chamber when they were a sleepe, and in bed conveyi••g his owne purse in the young mans Budget.

On the morrow early, the two innocent Pilgrims Foot∣ing the hard brusing way, were quickly over hied by the Justice, where the Host making search for his purse, found it in the Sonnes bagge. Whereupon instantly and in the same place hee was hanged, and left hang∣ing there, seasing on their money by a sententiall for∣feiture.

The sorrowfull Father (notwithstanding) continued his pilgrimage to Compostella, where, when come, and devotion made, our Lady of mount Serata, appeared to him saying: Thy Prayers are heard, and thy groanes have pearced my heart, arise and returne to Saint Do∣mingo for thy Sonne liveth. And hee accordingly re∣turned, found it so, and the Sonne-hanged Monster, after 30 dayes absence, spoke thus from the Gallowes, Father, go to our Host, and shew him I live, then speedily returne. By which direction the old man entred the

Towne, and finding the Host at Table, in breaking up of two roasted Pullets, told him and said: My sonne liveth, come and see. To which the smiling Host replyed, he is as surely alive on the Gallows, as these two pullets be alive in the dish. At which protestation, the two fire-scorched fowles leapt out suddenly alive, with heads, wings, fea∣thers, and feete, and cakling, took flight thrice about the Table. The which amazing sight, made the astonished Host to confesse his guiltines, and the other relieved from the rope, he was hung up in his place, allotting his house for an Hospitality to Pilgrimes for ever.

There are still two Henns reserved here, in memory of this miracle, and are changed, as they grow fat for the Priests chops, being freely given to the place. And I dare swearing say, these Priests eate fatter Henns, than Don Philippo himselfe, they being fed by the peo∣ples devotion, at their enterance to the morning and eve∣ning sacrifices, and are tearmed holy Henns. Infinite pa∣per could I blot with relating the like absurdities, and mi∣raculous lies of the Roman Church, but leaving them till a fitter occasion I proceed. From thence traversing, a great part of the higher Asturia, I entred in Galitia, and found the Country so barren, the people so poore, and victuals so scarce, that this impoitunate inforcement, withdrew me from S. Iacques, to Portugale: Where I found little better, or lesser reliefe, their soyles being ab∣solute sterile, desartuous, and mountainous.

Portugale was formerly called Lusitania, and Hispania ulteriora: It is in length 320 miles, large 68, and some∣times under: In the Moorish domination it was divided in two Kingdoms, the one reserveth the name of all; the other was called Agarbas: A word Arabick, that signifieth the part Occidentall: And were divided with the River

Guadion, and the two Castles Odebera, and Alcotino: Agarbas was toward the South, and Portugale North∣ward.

Portugale is now confined on the South, and South-east with Andolusia: West and South-west, the maine Ocean. Galitia to the North: And Eastward the old and new Ca∣stilia. After twenty days fastidious climbing in this King∣dome, I returned to Salamancha in Castilia, Vecchia; the Sacerdotall Universitie of Spaine, whence springeth these Flocks of Students, that over-swarme the whole Land with Rogueries, Robberies, and Begging. From thence traversing the Alps of Siera de Caderama, (which divide the two Castiliaes) I descended the South side of the Mountains, and arrived at the Escurial; where then late King Philip the third, had his Residence.

This Palace standeth alone, and founded upon the skirt of a perpendicular ••ill of Caderama, squared out from a devalling steepnesse, having a large prospect Southward∣ly towards the Evenise Mountaines beyond Toledo. This palatiate Cloyster is quadrangled foure stories high, the uppermost whereof, is window-set in the blew tecture: The stone worke below, having three Ranks of larger windows, incircling the whole quadrangles, and French like high rigged. At every spacious squadrate corner, there is an high Turret erected above the coverture, whose tops beare each of them a golden Globe. In the middle Court standeth a round incorporate Church, ari∣sing outward in a rotundo, with a wide Leaden top, and on each side thereof a squadrat Steeple, higher then the round, making a goodly shew. It hath neither out∣ward Walls nor Gates, but the two selfe Doores of the eleven incloysterd petty Courts, save onely some Office houses without, and they stand alone by the Hill broken

side. I may rather tearme it a Monastery then a Kingly Palace, having a hundred and fifty Monks, Carthusians, of Saint Hieronimoes Order living within it; the King onely remayning in a private corner, at his comming thi∣ther. Nay, at that instant, he was so private, that before I saw his face, I could not believe, that the Patron of so great a Monarchie, could be so quiet; yea, as quiet as a Countrey Baron is with us, and had lived so nine weeks before.

The house it selfe, I confesse, excelleth in beauty, that Constantinopolitan Seralia of the great Turk, though not in divisions, and ground distances, yet for a maine incorporate house, and was builded by King Philip the second, standing seven leagues from Madrile, to which I arrived.

Here is the residence of the Court though formerly at Valladoly: Madrid or Madrile, is the Center or middle part of Spaine, situate in the Kingdome of Toledo, the new Castella. And distant from Lisbone in Portugale, West∣ward one hundred leagues: From Sevilia in Andoluzia ninety leagues: From Grenada Southward, sixty eight leagues: Barselona in Catalogna East, South-eastward one hundred leagues: From Valentia fifty leagues: From Siragusa in Arragon Eastward fifty three leagues: From Saint Sebastian in Biscai North-westward seventy leagues: And from Pampelona in Navarre, North east∣ward, forty nine leagues.

Spaine generally, is a masse of Mountaines, a bar∣ren ill manured soyle: neither well inhabited nor populous: Yea, so desartuous that in the very heart of Spaine, I have gone eighteene leagues (two dayes jour∣ny) unseeing house or village, except two Ventas or Ta∣verns, and commonly eight leagues without a••y house:

Villages be so farre distant, the Rockie Seraes or Alpes so innumerable.

It is miserable travelling, lesse profitable, in these ten Provinces, or petty Kingdomes, hard lodging and poore, great scarcity of beds and deare: And no ready drest diet, unlesse you buy it raw, and cause it to be dressed, or dresse it your selfe, buying first in one place your fire, your meat from the Butcher, your bread from the Baker, your Wine from the Taverne, your Fruits, Oile, and Hearbes from the Botega, carrying all to the last place, your bed-lodging: Thus must the weary Stranger toile, or else fast: And in infinite places for Gold nor money can have no victuals; but restrained to a relenting jeju∣nation.

The high-minded Spaniard, and their high-topped Mountains have an infused contention together: The one through arrogant ambition, would invade the whole Earth to enlarge his Dominions: The other by a steepe swolne height, seeme to threaten the Heavens, to pull downe Iupiter from his Throne. And as I take it, the Spaniard being of a low stature, borroweth his high-minded breast from the high-topped Mountains, for the one in quality, and the other in quantitie, be extraordi∣narily infounded.

Certain it is, as the Spaniard in all things standeth maynly upon his Reputati••n (but never to avouch it with single Combat) so hee vaunteth not a little of his antiquitie, deriving his pedigree from Tubal, the Nephew of Noe. But (especially as they draw it) how often hath the Line of Tubal, beene bastarded, degenerated, and quite expelled by invasions of Phoenicians, oppressions of the Greeks, incursions of the Carthaginians, the Conquest and planting of Provinces, and Colonies of

the Romans, the generall deluge of the Gothes, Hunnes, and Vandales: and lastly, by the long and intolerable Tyranny of the Moores, whose slavish yoake and bond∣age in eight hundred yeares, hee could scarely shake off; his owne Histories beare sufficient testimony and Record. Then it is manifest, that this mixture of Nations, must of necessity make a compounded Nature, such as hauing affinitie with many, have no perfection in any one.

Their Manners are conformable to their discent, and their conditionall Vertues, semblable to their last and lon∣gest Conquerours, of whom they retaine the truest stampe.

The most penurious Peasants in the world be heere, whose Quotidian moanes, might draw teares from stones. There Villages stand as wast like as the Sabunck, Garamont, or Arabian Pavillions, wanting Gardens, Hedges, Closses, Barnes, or Backe-sides: This sluggish and idle husbandry, being a naturall instinct of their neighbour or paternall Moores.

As for industrious Artes, inventions, and Vertues, they are as dull thereof, as their late predecessors: and truly I confesse, for the Spanish Nun, shee is more holy then the Italian; the former are onely reserved to the Friers, and Priests: the latter being more noble, have most affinity with Gentle-men. The Spaniard is of a spare dyet and temperate, if at his owne cost hee spend; but if given Gratis, he hath the longest Tusks that ever stroke at Table.

After a doubtfull and dangerous departure from Madrid, (as Sir Walter Aston his Majesties Am∣bassadour can testifie with his followers, as some of his people have already here done the same,) being

the drift of my owne Country-men, I came to To∣ledo, twelve Leagues distant from thence: This Citie is situate on a ragged Rocke upon the River Tagus, being an Archbishops seat, the Primate and Metropolitan See of all Spaine: Yet a miserably impoverished and defor∣med place.

And although the Spaniard, of all Townes in Spaine, braggeth most of Toledo, it is neither (doubtlesse I know) for beauty, bounds, nor Wealth, if not for the In∣trado belongeth to it, amounting yearly (as they affirme) to 200000 Duckats; for there is no other Episcopall Seat in all Castilia; or Kingdome of Toledo. Giving back to Toledo, I crossed the crossing Siera de Morada, (which divideth the Kingdome of Grenada, from the Mansha of the new Castilia) and arrived at Grenada, the Capitall of Andolusia.

H••re had the Moores their last Residence in Spaine, and was magnanimously recovered, Anno 1499 yeares, by Ferdinand the Castilian King, and his Wife Isabella. It standeth at the foot of Siera de Nevada, (the Snowy Alpes,) who reserve continually Snow on their tops, and partly inclosed betweene two Snow-melting Rivers. In this Citie is the principall Seate, & Colledge of Iustice of all South Spain: As Valladoli is for the North of Spain, the high Court of Madrid having Prerogative over both.

It hath a spacious and strong Castle, which was builded by the Moores, a••d indeed a Kingly Mansion: Where I saw the Halls and Bed-chambers of the Moorish Kings, most exquisitely over-sieled, and indented with Mosaicall worke; excelling farre any moderne industry whatsoever.

The Emperour Charles the Fift, and King of Spaine, after his returne from that misfortunate Voyage of Al∣gier,

left a monument here likely to have beene ac∣complished, that is, the foundation of an admirable work advanced two stories high, without it is quadrang∣led, and within round; having two degrees of incircling promontories supported by Marble pillars, and Alablaster arches.

Being dismissed here, it was my fortune at Antecara to encounter with a Merchant, (M. Woodson a Londoner,) newly come from Venice, and bound to Malaga. With whom desirously accompanied, the day following being Sunday, with sore traveling wee came within night to Malaga, and there after parting to our severall lodgings, the next morning I addressed myselfe to the shoare side; where I had notice given mee, of a French ship belong∣ing to Tolon in Province, that was lying in the Mould, and shortly bound for Alexandria: And finding that Transportation most convenient for my designe (my sa∣fest course lying through Aegypt and the Read Sea, for Prester Iehans Dominions and Court) I presently made bargaine with the Ships master, for my passage and Vi∣ctuals.

And now attending my departure thence, upon the fift day after my comming hither Anno 1620 October 17 the English Fleete that went against the Pyrats of Al∣gier, gave Anchor at mid-night in ••he roade. Whose suddaine comming, yeelded no small feare to the af∣frighted Towne mistaking them for Turkes; for the two Castle-hells Ringing back-ward, the thundring Drums resounding and the Towne all the latter night in armes, bred such disturbant despaire to their Families, and distraction to themselves, that their wives and chil∣dren fled to the higher Castle, without the Towne; and I a staid Consort with the Defendants till day light. But

morning come, and the English Colours discovered, Don Iaspar Ruiz de Peredas the Governour, went aboord of the English Generall Sir Robert Ma••nsell; where after congratulating complements, he being returned a shoare, dismissed the Burgers and their Armes.

In that afternoone, and the day following being Saturday, there came hundreds ashoare of my speciall friends, and old Familiars, Londoners, and Courtiers, with whom desirously met, wee were joviall together, till Sunday morning: where then I went aboard of the Lion, his Majesties ship, and saluted the Generall, who kindly entertained mee to the next day that the Fleet was divided in three Squaders, and he under sail, and then unhappily came I ashoare in a Fisher-boat, to my deare bought destruction, being sore against the Generals will, but that I should have gone with him to Algier: Save onely that my Linnen, Letters, and Packet was lying in my Hostery, and so could not goe: but what shall I say?

Quod fortuna dedit, nemo tollere potest.

And so now followeth the sorrowfull Relations of my Tragicall sufferings, which as briefly as I may, I shall suc∣cinctly avouch, although the larger, the better to be un∣derstood.

Sad soule mix truth, with grave and prompt discourse Let passions flee, this Tragick stile must rest On Faith and Patience, Columnes of recourse, Which underprop'd my sufferings here exprest: Lord weigh my words, with wisdome give me grace In all this Worke, to give thy glory place.

I was no sooner entred the Towne, and drawing up a private way to my lodging, to shun company and acquaintance, for that night was I to have imbarked for Alexandria, but I was suddenly surprised in that nar∣row depopulated street with 9 Alguozilos, or Sergeants, who inclosing me on both sides, laid violent hands on me, wrapping mee up in a blacke frizado cloake, and gripping my throat to stop my crying, they carried mee on their armes to the governours house, and inclosed me in a low Parlour.

To which when the Governour came, for I was ac∣quainted with him before, I sadly spoke, saying My most noble Governour, and worthy Lord, I humbly beseech your goodnesse to shew me for what offence or cause, I am thus vio∣lently brought before you, knowing that in me, and from my carriage there is no injury committed. Whereat, with∣out answere and shaking his head, hee inclosed mee in a little Cabinet within the parlour till he went to Masse, commanding them with all possible dilligence to fetch hither, the Captaine of the Towne, Don Francesco de Cordava, the Alcademajor, and the States Scrivan, enjoy∣ning them to conceale my apprehending till further tryal under the paine of death.

At last hee from the Masse, and they come hither, the Sergants were dismissed, the doores made fast, and I was brought forth before these foure Cavallieros, all pla∣ced in chaires, and the Scrivan-table set, with pen and paper to write my Confession. Whereafter long silence, the governour asked mee of my Nation, and how long, and how often I had beene out of my Countrey, and whether I was bound? and how long I had beene in Spaine.

To whom I punctually returned my dividuat answers:

Whereupon being inclosed in my former Cabinet, within a while Don Francesco entred my Roome, demanding me if I had been in Sivilia, or was come from it; and clapping my cheeks with a Iudas smile, made this entreaty. My deare brother, and gallant companion, confesse freely that you have beene in Sivilia, for your countenance bewrayeth, there are some hidden purposes in the closet of your brest, and Para fuyr mas malo, you had best in time relate to mee the truth.

Whereat I saying no, as truth acquired, he went back, resolving them of my stiffe deniall, and they therewith incensed, I was invited to their former presence, and main accusations ensuing. First, the Governour made me sweare and hold up my hand, that I should tell the particular truth of everything he was to demand of me; which in∣deed I did according to my knowledge.

Then hee inquired if the English Generall, was a Duke, or great Signior, and what could be the reason, that hee refused to come ashoare there; for that was the first im∣pression of their false conceived jealousie. Next; hee asked mee, if I knew his name, and the other Captains and what their names were? and what their intention was? or if I had knowne of their comming abroad, or preparation for it, before my departure from England.

The Scrivan writing downe mean-while every word hee spoke and what I answered: well; to all the former particulars giving condigne satisfaction, and to the last, denying that I knew of the forth comming of the Fleet, they all foure gave a shout in the contrary. Whereupon the Governour swearing, cursed and said, Thou lyest like a Villain, thou art a Spie and a Traytor, and camest directly from England of purpose to Spaine; and hath beene lying nine moneths in Sivilia, getting sure intelligence, when

the Spanish Navy was looked for from the Indies; and that thou expresly here, came to meete with the English Armado, (knowing of their drift) to give them credible knowledge thereof: And that by thy information, they might the more readily compasse their ends, and thus thy treachery and subtilty, hath been imployed.

Whereat I being astonished, and seriously answering for the intention of the English Fleet, and my owne in∣nocencie concerning them: Hee threatning said, I was seene familiar a Board and a shoare, with the whole Captaines, and knowne to be of their speciall acquain∣tance: besides three hundred other Gentlemen, and Ma∣riners with whom, and they with thee, were so in∣ward, that it far exceeded the kindnesse of accidentall meeting.

All this wee saw, and hourely remarked (said hee) and thou art newly come from the Generall when thou wast taken, where consulting with their Connsell of Warre this morning, (concerning what they assigned thee to accomplish) thou hast delivered thy opinion, and the ex∣pectation of Sivilia, touching the return of his Majesties Armado di Plato; and therefore thou art a Spiono, a Tray∣tour, and a scelerate Velacco: for wee are not ignorant (said he) of the burning of Saint Thome in the West In∣dies; for there and then, wee had a certaine evidence of the English infidelitie, and treacherous exploits in time of Peace: Wherefore these Lutherans and sonnes of the Devill, ought not from us, good Catholicks, to re∣ceive no credit.

Whereupon I besought him, to send for some sufficient English Factors, there sojourning, who would testifie the contrary in my behalfe, their Countrey and their Fleete, but that hee would not, for my being discovered. At last

seeing his damnable opinion, and to cleare my selfe of such false imputations: I requested him to send a Sergeant to my Possado or lodging for my Cloakbag, where he should see a more evident Testimony of my carriage and honest purpose, and thereupon, the approbation of my Prince.

This demaund liked him well, thinking thereby to finde out all the secrets and practise of my Negotiation with the English Fleete: Whereupon forthwith, and with close Circumspection he had it brought unto him, my hostage House not knowing where I was. The Cloakbag I opened my selfe, and showing him his Majesties Let∣ters in parchment, and under his Hand and Seale, dated at Theobals 1619. Iuly 17, and compiled and wrot by Mr. Thomas Read, then secretary for the Latin Tongue, done in my behalfe, and my intended Resolution for Aethio∣pia, the Kings safe Conduct hee mis-regarded, giving it neither respect nor trust.

After which, I show'd him divers patents, Seales, and the great seale of Ierusalem, Pasports, and my Booke of armes, called Liber amicorum, wherein I had the hand writs, and armes of sundry Kings, Dukes, Princes, Vice Royes, Marquesses, Earles, Lords, and Gover∣nors, &c. done in Prose and Verse, in Greeke, Latine, or their maternall tongues, being as propitious pledges of their favour, in commendation of mee, and of my Travailes.

But all these would not satisfie him, nay rather con∣firming a greater jealousie of his former suspition: where∣upon misconstruing all, they seased absolutely upon my Cloak-bag, viewing and detaining all I had at their plea∣sure; including me the third time. This done, and with¦in night, being Represented againe, the Governour

commanding me to subscribe my Confession, which I vo∣luntarily obeyed; though they still urged me further and further to confesse. Meane while, these foure Complices consulting about my Imprisonment, the Aleade or chief Justice, would have had me along with him to the Towne Jayle, but the Corrigidor refused, saying Para non star visto con sus Pesanos: that hee may not bee seene by his Country-men, it behoveth me to have a care of his con∣cealment: and I warrant you (said hee) I ••hall lodge him well enough.

Upon the knowledge of this, that I was secretly to be incarcerate in the governours Palace, entered the Mr. Sergeant, and begged my money, and Licence to search for it: and liberty granted, he found in my pockets eleve•• Philippoes or ducatons; and then uncloathing me bef••re their eyes, even to my shirt, and searching my breeches, he found in my Doublet necke, fast shut between two Canvesses, one hundred thirty seven double peeces of gold. Whereat the Corrigidor arose and couu∣ting my gold, being five hundred forty eight Ducats, he said to the Sergant, cloath him againe, and inclosed him there in the Cabinet till after supper, meanewhile the Sergeant got the eleven duccatons of Silver; and my gold, which was to carrie me for Aethiopia, the Gover∣nour seased upon, giving afterwards two hundred Crowns of it to supply the new laid foundation of a Capuschine monastery there, reserving the rest (being 348 duccats for his own avaritious ends.

This done, and mid night come, the Sergant and two Turkish slaves releasing mee from the inferiour Roome, brought mee through certaine ascending passages, to a chamber, in a sequestrate side of the Palace, toward the Garden, and right about his summer Kitchin: Where

there, and then the Sergeants, and the two slaves, thrust on every ancle an heavy bolt, my legs put to the full stride, by a maine gad of Iron far about a yard long, upon the ends of which, the two bolts depended, that were fastned about my legs, in somuch that I could ne∣ver

[illustration]

sit up nor walke, nor stand, nor turne mee; but lay continually on my back, the irons being thrice heavier then my body.

Whereupon beholding my inevitable misery, and such monster-made irons, my sighing soule replyed thus: Alas Sergant, and you two Slaves, remarke in mee the iust Iudgments of god; and loe how the Heavens have reduct∣ed mee to this meritorious reward, and truely deserved; for I have dearely and truely bought it; that I, whose leggs and feete the whole universe could scarcely containe, now these bolts and irons keepe then fast in a body length, of a stone∣paved Floore. O foolish pride, O suppressing ambition! and vaporous curiosity! woe worth the fury of your as∣piring vanities; you have taken mee over the face of the earth, and now left mee in a Dungeon hole: My soule, O my soule is leager unto this prouerbe Man proposeth, and God disposeth: O happ••had I beene, thrice happy in a Shepehards life.

Thus and more lamenting the destiny of nature, they left mee with solacious words, and straight returned a∣gaine with victuals, being a pound of boild Mutton, a wheat bread, and a small pint of Wine: which was the first, the best, and the last of this kinde, that ever I got in that woefull Mansion. The Sergeant leaving me (ne∣ver seeing him more, till a more unwelcome sight) hee directed the Slaues, that after I had contented my dis∣contented appetite, they should lock the doore, and carry the keyes to Areta, a Spaniard, and keeper of the silver plate.

A little while after hee was gone the other drudge left me also, who was newly turned Christian: where being alone with Hazier the naturall Turke, who was to at∣tend mee, feede mée, and keepe me, lying nightly a con∣strayned

Centinell, without the doore of my imprison∣ment; hee demanded me for what Cause I was commit∣ted, and what malefact I was guilty of? to whom I an∣swered, onely for a naked suspition, mistaking the hono∣rable intention of the English Armado, I am as a spy apprehended, and falsly accused.

Where upon the silly Slaue falling downe on his knees, held up his hands, crying, Hermano, Hermano, es m••y grand menester, para tomar pacenza, &c. Brother, Bro∣ther, it is much needefull for you to take all in patience, for it is impossible now you can escape some fearefull tryall, and there upon a horrible punishment even unto death; and alasse to relieve you, if I durst, (as I dare not under death) to discover you to your Countrey-men, I would doe it upon my knees; and leaving mee with a weeping goodnight, hee made fast the doores, and trans∣ported the keyes, as he was directed.

The day following the Governour entred my Prison alone, intreating mee to confesse I was a spy, and hee would be my friend, and procure my pardon, neither should I lacke (intirim) any needefull thing: But I still attesting my innocency, hee wrathfully swore I should see his face no more, till grievious torments should make me doe it, and leauing mèe in a rage, hee observed too well his condition.

But withall in my audience, he commanded Areta, that none should come neare mee, except the slave, nor no food should be giuen mee, but three ounces of moosted browne bread, every second day, and a Fuleto or English Pint of water, neither any bed, pillow, or coverlet to be allowed mee: And close up, said he, this window in his roome, with lime and stone, stop the holes of the doore with double Matts, hanging another locking to it, and to

withdraw all visible and sensible comfort from him, let no tongue, nor feete be heard neare him, till I have my designes accomplished: And thou Hazior I charge thee, at thy incommings to have no conference with him, nor at thy out goings abroad to discover him to the English Factors, as thou wilt answere upon thy life, and the high∣est torments can be devised.

These directions delivered, and alas, too accessary to me in the performance; my roome was made a darke-drawn Dungeon, my belly the anatomy of mercilesse hunger, my comfortlesse hearing, the receptacle of sounding Bells, my eyes wanting light, a loathsome lan∣guishing in dispaire, and my ground lying body, the woefull mirrour of misfortunes, every houre wishing a∣nothers comming, every day the night, and every night the morning.

And now being every second or third day attended with the twinckling of an eye, and my sustenance agree∣able to my attendance, my body grew exceeding debile and infirme, insomuch that the Gouernour (after his an∣swers received from Madrile made hast to put in ex∣ecution, his bloody and mercilesse purpose before Christ∣mas Holy dayes, lest the expiring of the twelfth day, I should bee utterly famished, and unable to undergoe my tryall, without present perishing, yet unknowne to me, save onely in this knowledg, that I was confined to die a fearefull and unacquainted death: for it is a current custome with the Spaniard, that if a stranger be appre∣hended upon any suspition, he is never brought to open tryall, and common Jaile, but clapped up in a Dungeon, and there tortured, impoisoned, or starved to death. Such meritorious deeds, accompany these onely titular Christians: for the Spaniard accounteth it more to bee

called a Christian, then either to beleeve what hee pro∣fesseth, or to conforme himselfe to the life of Chri∣stianity: yea, I sparingly avouch it, he is the worst and baddest creature of the christian name; having no more Religion (and lesse respective to devation) then an ex∣ternall presumptuous show; which perfiteth this anci∣ent Proverbe, The Spaniard; est bonus Catholicus, sed malus Christianus.

In end, by Gods permission, the scourge of my fiery tryall opproaching; upon the forty seventh day after my first imprisonment, and five dayes before Christ∣mas; about two of clock in the morning, I heard the noyse of a Coach in the fore streete, marvelling much what it might meane

Within a pretty while I heard the locks of my Pri∣son-doore in opening; whereupon bequeathing my soule to God, I humbly implored his gracious mer∣cie and pardon for my sinnes: for neither in the former night, nor this could I get any sleep, such was the force of gnawing hunger, and the portending heavinesse of my presaging soule.

Meanwhile the former nine Sergeants, accompanied with the Scrivan, entered the room without word speaking, and carrying mee thence, with irons and all, on their armes through the house to the street, they laid mee on my backe in the Coach: where two of them sat up beside me, (the rest using great silence) went softly along by the coach side.

Then Baptista the Coach-man, an Indian Negro droving out at the Sea gate, the way of the shoare side, I was brought Westward almost a league from the Towne, to a vine-pressehouse, standing alone amongst Vineyards, where they inclosed mee in a roome till

day light, for hither was the Racke brought the night before, and privily placed in the end of a Trance.

And all this secresie was used, that neither English, French, or Flemings, should see or get any knowledge of my Tryall, my grievous Tortures, and dreadfull dis∣patch, because of their trecherous and cruel proceedings.

At the breach of day the Governour Don Francisco, and the Alcalde, came forth in another Coach: where when arrived, and I invited to their presence, I plea∣ded for a Trench-man, being against their Law, to ac∣cuse or condemne a stranger, without a sufficient Inter∣preter. The which they absolutely refused, neither would they suffer, or grant mee an Appellation to Ma∣drid.

And now after long and new Examinations, from morning, to darke night, they finding my first and se∣cond Confession so runne in one, that the Governour swore, I had learned the art of memory: saying, fur∣ther, is it possible hee can in such distresse, and so long a time, observe so strictly in every manner the points of his first Confession, and I so often shifting him too and fro.

Well, the Gouernours interrogation and my Con∣fession being mutually subscribed: He and Don Francesco besought mee earnestly to acknowledg and confesse my guiltinesse in time: if not, he would deliver me in the Al∣caldes hands there present: Saying moreover, thou art as yet in my power, and I may spare or pardon thee, pro∣viding thou wilt confesse thy selfe a Spie, and a Traytour against our Nation.

But finding mee stand fast to the marke of my spot∣lesse innocency, he, invective, and malicious hee, after many tremenduous threatnings, commanded the Scrivan

to draw up a Warrant for the chiefe Justice: And done, he set his hand to it, and taking me by the hand, delive∣red me and the War••rant in the Alcalde Majors hands, to cause mee bee Tortured, broken, and cruelly Tor∣mented.

Whence being carried along on the Sergeants armes, to the end of a Trance or stone-Gallery, where the Pot∣taro or Racke was placed: The Encarnador or Tormentor, began to disburden me of my irons, which being ve∣ry hard inbolted he could not Ram••verse the Wedges for a long time: Whereat the chiefe Justice being offen∣ded, the malicious Villaine with the Hammer which hee had in his hand, stroake away above an inch of my left heele with the Bolt. Whereupon I grievously groa∣ning, being exceeding faint, and without my three ounces of bread, and a little water for three dayes to∣gether▪ the Alcalde said, O Traytor, all this is no∣thing but the earnest of a greater bargaine you have in hand.

Now the Irons being dissolved, and my Torments approaching, I fell prostrate on my knees crying to the Heavens.

O Great and Gracious GOD, it is truely knowne to thy allseeing Eye, that I am innocent of these fal••e and fearefull accusations, and since therefore it is thy Good will and pleasure, that I must suffer, now by the sc••lerate hands of mercilesse men; LORD furnish mee with Courage, Strength, and Patience, least by an impatient Minde, and feeble Spirit, I become my owne Murtherer, in Confessing my selfe guilty of Death, to shun present pu∣nishment. And according to the multitude of thy mercies, O Lord be mercifull to my sinfull Soule, and that for Ie∣sus thy Sonne and my Redeemer his sake.

After this the Alcalde, and Scrivan being both Chaire∣set, the one to examining, the other to write downe my Confession and Tortures: I was by the Executioner strip∣ped to the skin, brought to the rack; and then mounted by him on the top of it: Where eftsoones I was hung be the pare sh••ulders, with two small cords, which went under both my armes running on two rings of iron that were fixed in the Wall above my head.

Thus being hoysed, to the appointed height, the Tor∣ment or discended below, and drawing downe my Legs, through the two sides of the three planked Racke, hee tyed a Cord about each of my ankles: And then ascen∣ding upon the racke, hee drew the cords upward, and bending forward with mainforce my two kneels against the two planks; the sinewes of my hams burst asun∣der, and the lids of my knees being crushed, and the Cords made fast, I hung so demayned, for a large houre.

At last the Encarnador, informing the Governour that I had the marke of Ierusalem on my right arme, joyned with the name and Crowne of King Iames, and done upon the Holy Grave; The Corridigor came out of his adjoyning stance and gave direction to teare a sunder, the name and Crowne (as hee said) of that Heretike King, an arch-enemy to the Holy Catholike Church: Then the tormentor laying the right arme above the left, and the Crown upmost did cast a cord over both armes seven distant times: And then lying downe up∣on his backe, and setting both his feete on my hollow-pinched belly, he charged and drew violently with his hands, making my Wombe suppor the force of his feete, till the seven severall Cords combind in one place of my arme (and cutting the Crowne, sinewes, and flesh

to the bare bones) did pull in my fingers close to the palme of my hands; the left hand of which is Lame so still, and will be for ever.

Now mine eyes began to startle, my mouth to foame and froath, and my teeth to chatter like to the doubling of Drummers stickes. O strange inhumanity of Men, monster manglers! I surpassing the limits of their national Law; three score Tortures being the tryall of Treason, which I had and was to endure: yet thus to inflict a sea∣ven-fold surplussage of more intollerable cruelties: And notwithstanding of my shivering lips, in this fiery passion, my vehement groaning, and blood springing fonts, from armes, broake sinewes, hammes, and knees; yea and my depending weight on flesh-cutting Cords, yet they stroake me on the face with Cudgels, to abate and cease the thundring noise of my wrestling voice.

At last being loosed from these Pinnacles of paine, I was hand-fast set on the floore, with this their incessant imploration: Confesse, confesse, confesse in time, for thine inevitable torments ensue: where finding nothing from me but still innocent, O I am innocent, O Iesus! the Lambe of God have mercy upon mee, and strengthen mee with patience to undergo this barbarous murder.

Then by command of the Justice, was my trembling body laid above, and along upon the face of the Racke, with my head downe-ward, inclosed within a circled hole; my belly upmost, and my heeles upward toward the top of the Racke, my legs and armes being drawne asunder, were fastned with pinnes and Cords, to both sides of the outward plankes; for now was I to receive my maine torments.

Now what a Pottaro or Rack is (for it stood by the

of Timber, the upmost end whereof is larger then a full stride; the lower end being narrow, and the three planks joyning together are made conformable to a mans shoul∣ders; in the downe-most end of the middle plancke there was a hole, wherein my head was laid: in length it is lon∣ger

[illustration]

then a man being interlaced with small cords from plancke to plancke which divided my supported thighes from the middle plank: Through the sides of which ex∣teriour planks there were three distant holes in every one of them; the use whereof you shall presently heare.

Now the Alcalde giving commission, the executio∣ner layd first a cord over the calfe of my leg, then an o∣ther on the middle of my thigh, and the third cord over the great of my arme; which was severally done on both sides of my body receiving the ends of the cords, from these sixe severall places through the holes made in the outward planks, which were fastned to pinnes, and the pinnes made fast with a device: for he was to charge on the outside of the planks, with as many pinnes as there were holes and cords; the cords being first laid meet to my skin: And on every one of these sixe parts of my bo∣dy, I was to receive seven severall tortures: each torture consisting of three winding throwes of every pinne; which amounted to twenty one throwes in every one of these five parts.

Then the Tormentor having charged the first passage above my body (making fast by a device each torture as they were multiplyed) he went to an earthen Iarre stand∣ing full of water, a little beneath my head: from whence carrying a pot full of water; in the bottome whereof, there was an incised hole, which being st••pped by his thumb, till it came to my mouth, he did poure it in my bellie; the measure being a Spanish Sombre which is an English Pottle: The first and second services I gladly re∣ceived, such was the scorching drouth of my tormenting paine, and likewise I had drunke none for three daies be∣fore.

But afterward, at the third charge perceiving these

measures of water to be inflicted upon me as tortures, O strangling tortures! I closed my lips againe-standing that eager crudelity.

Whereat the Alcalde inraged, set my teeth asunder with a payre of iron cadges detaining them there, at e∣very severall turne, both mainely and manually; where∣upon my hunger clungd belly waxing great, grew Drum-like imbolstred: for it being a suffocating paine, in regard of my head hanging downeward, and the wa∣ter re-ingorging it selfe, in my throat, with a strugling force; it strangled and swallowed up my breath from youling and gro••nong.

And now to prevent my renewing griefe (for present∣ly my heart faileth and forsaketh me) I will onely briefe y avouch, that betweene each one of these seven circular charges I was aye re-examined, each examina∣tion continuing halfe an houre: each halfe houre a hell of internall paine; and between each torment, a long distance of life-quelling time.

Thus lay I five howers upon the Racke, between foure a clock afternoone, and ten a clocke at night, having had inflicted upon mee sixtie severall torments: Never∣thelesse they continued mee a large halfe houre (after all my torments) at the full bending; where my body being all begored with blood, and cut through in every part, to the crushed and bruised bones, I pittifully remained, still roaring, howling, foaming; bellowing, and gnashing my teeth, within supportable cryes, before the pinnes were undone, and my body loosed.

True it is, it passeth the capacity of man, either sen∣sibly to conceive, or I patiently to expresse the intollera∣ble anxiety of mind, and affliction of body, in that dread∣full time I sustained.

At last my head being by their armes advanced, and my body taken from the Racke, the water regusned a∣bundantly from my mouth; then they recloathing my broken, bloody, and cold trembling body being all this time starke naked, I fell twice in a founding trance: which they againe refreshed with a little wine, and two warme Egges, not for charity done, but that I should be reserved t•• further punishment; and if it were not too truly known those sufferings to be of trueth, it would al∣most seem incredible to many, that a man being brought so low with starving hunger, and extreame cruelties, cou••d haue subsisted any longer reserving life.

And now at last they charged my br••ken legs, with my former eye-frighting irons, and done, I was lamenta∣bly carried on their armes to the Coach, being after mid-night, and secretly transported to my former Dun∣geon without any knowledge to the towne, saue onely these my lawlesse, and mercilesse Tormentors: where when come, I was laid with my head and my heeles a∣like high, on my former stones.

The latter end of this woefull night poor mourning Hazier the Turke, was set to keepe me, and on the mor∣row the governour entred my roome threatning me still with more tortures to confe••••e; and so caused hee every morning long before day, his Coach to be rumbled at his gate and about me where I lay a great noise of tongues, and opening of doores: and all this they did of purpose to affright and distract me, and to make me beleeve I was going to be racked againe, to make mee confesse an un∣trueth; and still thus they continued every day of five dayes till Christmas.

Upon Christmas day Mariana the Ladies Gentlewo∣man got permission to visit me, and with her licence shee

brought aboundance of teares, presenting me also with a dish of Honey and Sugar, some confections and Reasons in a great plenty to my no small Comfort, besides using many sweet speeches for consolations sake.

Shee gone, and the next morning of Saint Iohns day come, long ere day the Towre was in Armes, the Bells rin••ing backward, the people shouting, and Drums beate, whereon my soul was ouer joyed, thinking that the Moores had seazed upon all: and in the afternoone the Turke comming to mee with bread and water, being by chance the second day, I asked him what the fray was? who reply••d, be o•• good courage, I hope in God and Mahomet, that you and I ere long shall be set at li∣berty for your Countrey-men, the English Armado, and mine the Mooes, are joyned together, and com∣ming to sack Malaga: And this morning post came from Allagant to premonish the Governour thereof: whereup∣on he and the Towne have instantly pulled downe, all the Coppet shops, and dwelling Houses that were buil∣ded without the shore side adjoyning to the Townes Wall: But yet said hee, it is no matter, the Towne may easily be su••prised, and I hope wee shall be merry in Algi∣er, for there is above a hundred sayle seene comming hi∣thtr; and therewith kissing my cheeke, he kindly left mee.

Indeed, as for such news from A••lagant; the detri∣ment of twenty eight houses, the shoar-planted Cannon, the suspition they had of the English, and the Towne foure dayes in Armes, were all true, save onely the con∣federacy of the English with the Moores, that was false.

Witnesse Sir Richard Halkins, and the Captains of his Squader, who alittle after Christmas comming to the Road, went to the Governour to cleare himselfe, and the

Fleete of that absurd imputation laid to their charge. The twelfth day of Christmas expired, they began to threaten me on still with more Tortures, even till Can∣dlemasse: In all which comfortlesse time, I was misera∣bly afflicted with the beastly plague of gnawing vermin, which lay crawling in lumps, within, without, and a∣bout my body: yea hanging in clusters about my beard, my lips, my nostrils, and my eye-browes almost inclo∣sing my sight.

And for a greater satisfaction to their mercilesse mindes, the Governour caused Areta, his silver plate kee∣per, to gather and sweep the vermine upon me twice in eight dayes, which tormented me to the death, being a perpetuall punishment; for mine armes being broke, my hands lucken, and sticking fast to the palms of both hands by reason of the shrunke sinewes; I was unable to lift mine armes to stirre my fingers; much lesse to avoid the filthy Vermine: neither could my legs and feet per∣forme it, being impotent in all. Yet I acknowledge the poore Infidell, some few times, and when opportunity served, would steale the keyes from Areta, and about mid-night would enter my room, with sticks and burning oyle, and sweeping them together in heapes, would burne the greatest part, to my great release; or doubtlesse I had beene miserable eat up, and devoured by them.

And now some eight dayes before Candlemasse, the slave informed me, that an English Seminary Priest, born in London, and belonging to the Bishops Colledge of Malaga; and a Scotish Cowper named Alexander Ley, borne in Dunbar, and there married were in Transla∣ting allmy Bookes and Observations out of English, in the Spanish tongue, bringing every other dayes numbers

of wrot Papers to the Governour, and for their paines had thirty duccats allowed, and that they were saying, I was an Arch-Hereticke to the Pope, and the Virgin Mary.

Having re-dounded him concealed thanks, I was assu∣red of their bloody Inquisition, preparing my selfe in God, with Faith, and patience to receive and gain-stand it: for my spirituall Resolution was surely founded; be∣ing sightlesse of Company, and humane faces, I had in∣tirely the light of my Soule celebrate to God Almighty.

And hereupon the second day after Candlemas, the Governour, the Inquisitor a Canonicall Priest, entered my dungeon accompained with two Jesuites, one of which was Predicator, and superior of the Tiatinean Colledg of Malaga: Where being Chaire set, Candle lighted, and doore locked; the inquisitor after diverse frivolous questions, demanded me if I was a Roman Catholik, and acknowledged the Popes Supremacy. To whom I answered, I was neither the one, or did the other. And what power (said I,) have you to chal∣lenge me of my Religion, since it is a chiefe Article, of the former concluded peace, that one of our Kings sub∣jects should be troubled by your Inquisition; but as you have murdred me for alledged Treason, so you meane to Martyr me for Religion.

And you Governour, as you have Tortured and hun∣ger-starved this helpelesse body, consumed with cold and Vermine to the last of my life; the Almighty God who revealeth the secrets of all things (although I be never relieved) will certainely discover it to my Countrey and to the World. And is this the best of your good deeds you repay to our mercifull King, who then being onely King of Scotland, in the time of your just over-throw

of Eighty Eight, gave secourse to thousands of your Ship-wracked people for many moneths; and in the end caused transport them safely to their desired Ports. Lea∣ving to the Worlds memory an eternall stampe of Chri∣stian Bounty, Mercy, and Royall Charitid: and your ac∣quittance to him, is an imputation of ••reachery to his Fleete, detaining and mis-regarding his Letters and Seales, and now imposing to a tormented Innocent, your lawlesse Inquisition.

To which the Governour answered, all tha•• was true, but it was done more through feare then love, and there∣fore deserved the lesser thankes; but (intrim) wee will follow the uttermost of our ends. And the Jesuite Pre∣dicator to confirme his words, said, there was no Faith to ••ee kept with Heretikes, which directly or indirectly is the sublime policy of Conquerours, which our migh∣ty and innumerable Nation evermore taketh notice of and observeth.

Then the Inquisitor arising, expressed himselfe thus: Behold the powerfull majesty of Gods mother, Com∣mander of her Sonne, equall to the Father, Wife to the Holy-Ghost, Queene of Heaven, Protector of An∣gels, and sole Gubernatrix of the Earth, &c. How thou being first taken as a Spye, accused for Trechery, and innocently Tortured (as we acknowledge we were better informed lately from Madrile of the English intention) yet it was her power, her Divine power, which brought these judgments upon thee it that thou hast wrote ca∣lumniously against her blessed miracles of Loretta: an•• against his Holinesse, the great agent and Christs Vic∣car on Earth: Therefore thou hast justly falne into our hands by her speciall appointment; Thy Books and Pa∣pers, are miraculously translated by her speciall pro∣vidence

with my owne Countrey-men: wherefore thou maist clearely see, the impenetrable Mysteries of our glori••us Lady in punishing her offenders: and for a hum∣ble satisfaction, Repent thee of thy wickednesse, and bee converte•• to the Holy mother Church. And after ma∣ny such like exhortations of all the foure, the Inquisitor assigned mee eight daies for my Conversion: saying, that he and the Tiatines would twice a day visite mee in that time, intreating me to bee advised againe the next mor∣ning, of these doubts and difficulties that withstood my Conscience.

Then in leaving me, the Jesuite Predicator making a Crosse upon my crossed brest, said, My sonne, behold you deserve to be burnt quick; but by the grace of our Lady of Loretta, whom you have blasphemed, wee will both save your soule and body: Spewing forth also this Faemi∣nine Latine; Nam mansueta et misericordiosa est Ecclesia, O Ecclesia Romana! extra quem non est salus: They gone, and I alone all this night, was I instant with my God, imploring his grace to rectify my thoughts, illuminate my understanding, confirme my confidence, beatifie my memory, to sanctifie my knowledge, to expell the seruile feare of death, and to save my soule from the intangling Corruption of any private ends, illusions, or mundane Respects whatsoever.

The next morning, the three Ecclesiastickes returned, and being placed with Chaires and Candles, the Inqui∣sitor made interrogation, of what difficulties, errours, or mis-beleefe I had: To whom ingenuously I answered I had none, neither any difficulty, errour, nor mis-be∣liefe; but was confident in the promises of Iesus Christ, and assuredly believed his revealed will in the Gospell, professed in the Reformed Catholike Church; which

being confirmed by Grace, I had the infallible assurance in my soule, of the true Christian Faith.

To these words hee answered, thou art no Christian, but an absurd Hereticke, and without conversion, a member of perdition, whereupon I replyed, Reverend Sir, the nature of Charity and Religion, doe not consist in opprobrious speeches; wherefore if you would convert mee (as you say) convince mee by Argument: if not, all your threatnings of Fire, Death, nor Torments, shall make mee shrink from the truth of Gods word in Sacred Scriptures. Where upon the mad Inquisitor clapped mee on the face with his foote, busing mee with many Ray∣lings, and if the Jesuits had not intercepted him, hee had stabbed me with a knife; where when dismissed, I ne∣ver saw him more.

The third day insuing (and having broake their pro∣mise) the two Jesuits returned, and after a frowning si∣lence the Superiour asked mee of my resolution: I told him I was resolved already unlesse hee could shew mee good reasons in the contrary. Whereupon having past with me some few superficiall Arguments of their seven Sacraments, Intercession, Transubstantiation? Images, Purgatory, Miracles, Merit, &c. he begun to brag of their Church, her Antiquity, Vniuersality, and Vniformity Ancient? no (said J) for the Profession of my Faith, hath beene ever since the first time of the Apostles; And Christ had ever his owne Church (howsoever obscure) in the greatest time of your darknesse,

So Rome foure hundred yeares and upward, was the true Church; but afterward falling in apostacy by meanes of her corrupt leaders, wee have left her in nothing, but what shee hath left her former selfe. Universall? no, al∣hough shee assumeth a Catholike name, was not the

Church in the East, a greater Church than yours in the West for hundreds of yeare••? and I pray you what are now the Oriental Churches in Asia, besides the Greeks and the Aethiopian Africans, that doe not so much as know, or heare of your pope, far lesse his profession?

With no small adoe, Boniface the third ••btained of Phocas the Emperour to bee called universall Bishop: which was assisted afterward by Pippin the Frenh King, and ratified by Paleologus, the Father of Constantine, who lost Constantinople: And what long controversies about this new power was between your Popes and the Coun∣cells of Carthage, Calcedon, Ephesus, Alexandria, and Nice. Uniformable? no; some of your Priests give the Sa∣crament onely in Bread, for reall flesh and blood, some in wine without bread, and some in both.

The Bavarians in their own language sing the Psalms in prose at their Masses, and not else where done: The se∣cond Commandement goeth currant amongst some of your Catholikes in France, yet not in Britaine, nor Pro∣vence; so doeth it in Austri•• and Bavaria, but not in Italy and Spaine.

It is most evident, what your former Popes have con∣firmed, the succeeding Popes have disanulled and dai∣ly doe, as their present lives, and your ancient Histories beare a true record.

And was there not at one time, three Popes in three severall places? and oftentimes two at once: One pro∣fessing one Heresie, and another Atheisme? What muti∣nies and malice are daily among your Monasteries, each enuying an others priviledge, anothers preferment, an∣others welth: And y••ur order (father) by all the ot••er Monasticks, is hated and vil••pended to death; besides diversities of Doctrine between your professors and the

Dominicans: and hundreds of like disunities you have both in ceremony and order which now J suspend: So J pray you (father) where your uniformity, much lesse your universality and worst of all your antiquity.

Having thus concluded, the fiery fac'd Jesuits, with boisterous menacings left mee; and the eight day thereaf∣ter, being the last day of their Inquisition, they returned againe, in a more milder disposition: where after divers arguments on both sides, the two Jesuites with Teares distilling from their eyes, solidly protested, they were sorry from their heart, for that terrible death J was to undergo, and above all, the loosing of my Soule. And fal∣ling down on their knees, cryed, Convert, convert, O deare brother! for our blessed Ladies sake convert: To whom J replyed, that neither death nor fire J feared; for J was re∣solved for both: yet thinking my selfe unworthy to suf∣fer for Christ and the Gospels sake considering my vile∣nesse and my owne unworthinesse: yet the spirit of God assureth my faith it is his divine pleasure it should be so that J must suffer: Wherefore if J should divert, trust mee not, for J would but dissemble with you (through feare, flattery, or force) to shun present death.

Whereupon they called the Governour, and after their privy consulting, hee thus spoke; Dear brother, my grea∣test desire is to have thee a good Christian, a Romane Ca∣tholike, to which if thy conscience will yeeld, I will shew thee as great curtesie, as thou hast received cruelty; for pitty it were, that such an invincible spirit and endued with so many good parts, should perish in both worlds fore∣ver. Pluck up thy heart, and let the love of our blessed Lady enter in thy soule: Let not thy former sufferings dis∣may thee (for thy ••ores being yet greene and curable) I shall transport thee to a fine Chamber; and there thou shalt

haue all needfull things for the recouery of thy health and strength. Thy money and Patents shall he refounded, but thy hereticall Bookes are already burned: And lastly sayde he, I will send thee with my owne seruant to Court, Counsell and King, with letters from the holy inquisition, and from mee, faithfully promising thou shalst enioy a Pension of three hundred Duccats a yeare.

But hauing satisfied his bewitching policy with a Chri∣stian constancy; they all three left me in a thundering rage; vowing I should that night have the first seal of my long sorrowes: And directing their course to the Bishop and Inquisitor (for the Gouernour had wrested the in∣quisition vpon mee, to free him of his former aspersion layde upon the English Fleet, and my tryall therefore, converting it all to matters of Religion) the Inquisition (I say) sat forth with, where first I was condemned to receiue that night eleuen strangling torments in my dun∣geon: and then after Easter Holy dayes, I should be transported priuatly to Grenada, and thereabout mid∣night to be burnt body and bones into ashes, and my ashes to be flung into the ayre: Well, that same night the Scriuan, Sergeants, and the young English Priest en∣tered my melancholly staunce: where the Priest in the English tongue vrging me all that he could (though lit∣tle it was he could doe) and vnpreuailing, I was dis∣burdened of mine irons, vnclothed to my skin, set on my knees and held vp fast with their hands: where instant∣ly setting my teeth asunder with iron Cadges, they filled my belly full of water, euen gorgeing to my throate: Then with a g••rter they bound fast my throat, till the white of mine eye turned vpward; and being laid on my side, I was by two Sergeants tumbled too and fro seuen times through the roome; euen til I was almost strang∣led:

This done, they fastned a small cord about each one of my great toes, and hoysing me therewith to the roofe of a high loft (for the cords runne on two rings of iron fastned above) they cut the garter, and there I hung with my head downward, in my tormented weight, till all the gushing water dissolved: This done, I was let downe from the loft, quite senslesse, lying a long time cold dead among their hands: whereof the Governour being infor∣med, came running vp stayres, crying, Is he dead? O fie villans, goe fetch me Wine, which they powred in my mouth, regayning thereby a slender sparke of breath.

These strangling torments ended, and I reclothed, and fast bolted againe, they left mee lying on the cold floore praysing my God, and singing of a Psalme. The next morning the pittifull Turke visiting mee with bread and water, brought me also secretly in his shirt-sleeve, two handfull of Rasins and figges, laying them on the floore amongs the crawling vermine, for having no use of armes nor hands, I was constrayned by hunger and impotency of time, to licke one up with another with my tongue: This charity of figs the slave did once every weeke or fortnight, or else I had long ere then famished.

After which sorrowfull distresse, and inhumane usage, the eye-melting Turke taking displeasure, fell five dayes sicke, and bed fast: but the house Spaniards understand∣ing his disease made him beleeve, I was a Divell, a Sorce∣rer, a Negromancer, and a blasphemous miscreant, a∣gainst their Pope, their Lady, and their Church; giving him such a distast, that for thirty dayes, he never durst looke me in the face, being affraid of witchcraft.

All this time of his absence, one Ellinor the Cooke, an Indian Negro-woman, attended mee for she being a Christian drudge, h••d more liberty to visit mee, than

the slavish Infidell: who certainly (vnder God) prolon∣ged then my languishing life, conveighing me for foure weekes space, once a day, some lesse or more nourishment, and in her pocket a bottle glasse of Wine. Being no wayes semblable to the soule betraying teares of her Cro∣codilean sexe, which the Spanish proverb prettily avou∣cheth: l••s mugeres, engannan a los hombres; dellas lasti∣mandoles, consus lagrimas fingidas; dellas halagardoles, con Palagras lesongeras: to wit, women deceived men, some of them, grieving them with their fayned teares, and other fawning on them with flattering words. But;

Kind Ellenor though black by nature borne, Made bounty (not her beauty) to adorne Her new chang'd Pagan life (though vail'd by night Of Romish shades) to shine on mee more bright, Then Sun scorch'd Aethiope beames; Art-glancing span∣gles: Or that Aegyptian Bird, mans sight intangles With rarest colours: for her loving sight Though black as pitch, gave me transparent light: Food, and stolne-food, though little, yet enough; (The finer soile, the ebber tilles the Plough) Second with Wine, a mutchkin, thrice a weeke Pack'd in her pocket, for it might not speake: Thus Females have extreames, and too we see, Eyther too wicked, or too good they be; For being good, no Creature can excell them: And being bad, no ill can parallell them: But sure this gift, from course of nature came, Rais'd vp by Heaven to be my nursing Dame; For she a Savage bred, yet shews more Love And humane pitty, then desert could moove: Wherein shee stain'd the Spaniards; they did nought

But what revenge, on slaughter'd sorrow wrought: Thus, they who turn'd her, went themselves astray, And shee thought ignorant trac'd the Christian way: For which great God reward her, make her soule As white within, as she without is foule; And if I might, as reason knowes, I would Her love, and praise, my deeds should crowne with gold.

Now about the middle of Lent, Hazier, my former Friend, was appoynted to attend me agayne, suspecting Ellenors compassion; but as my miseries were multiplied, my Patience in God was redoubled: For men are rather killed with the impatience they have in adversity, then adversity it selfe: And of all men, that man is most vn∣happy, to whom God in his troubles hath not given Patience; for as the violent enemy of age is griefe, so is the mindes impatiency, the arch corruptor of all our troubles: But indeede in the weakenesse of judgement, when men seeme lost by long affliction to themselves, then they are often and ever neerest to God: for who would have thought, that I who had seene so many sexs and varieties of Religion, dispersed over the face of the earth, could have stucke fast to any Religion at all: Tra∣vailers being reputed to be Vbique et ••mnibus parati. But I will tell thee Christian, it was the grace of God in me, and not mine: For as fire lying hid vnder ashes, and touch'd will flame; so I seeming to my selfe carelesse of Christianity, then God pricking my Conscience made tryall of my Faith: For Christ forbid, that every Shippe which coasteth the rockey shoare, should leave her ruines there.

This I speake not for any selfe-prayse, but to glorifie God, and to condemne the rash censures of opinion, and

with Phocion, I mistrust my selfe, because of popular applause: Erubuit quasi peccasset quod placuerit: But now to abbreviat a thousand Circumstances of my La∣mentable sufferings, which this Volume may not suffer to contain: By Gods great providence, about a fortnight before Easter, Anno 16••1, there came a Spanish Cavaliere of Grenada to Malaga, whom the Governour one night invited to Supper, being of old acquaintance: where af∣ter Supper to intertaine Discourse, the Governour rela∣ted and disclosed to the stranger (God working thereby my discovery and deliverance) all the proceedings and causes of my first apprehending, my confessions, Tor∣ments, starvings, their mistaking of the English Fleete, and finally the wresting of the Inquisition upon me, and their Condemnatory Sentence; seeming also much to Lament my mis-fortunes, and praising my Travailes and Deserts.

Now all this while, the Gentlemans servant, a Flan∣drish Fleming, standing at his Maisters back, and ad∣hering to all the Governours Relations, was astonished, to heare of a sakelesse Stranger, to have indured, and to indure such damnable Murther and Cruelty. Whereup∣on, the Discourse ending, and midnight past, the Stranger re••urned to his Lodging; where the Fleming having bed∣ded his Master, and himselfe also in another Roome, he could not sleepe all that night, and if hee slumbered, still hee thought hee saw a man Torturing, and burning in the fire: which he confessed to Mr. Wilds when mor∣ning came.

Well, he longed for day, and it being come, and hee cloathed, hee quietly left his lodging, inquiring for an English Factor, and comming to the House of Mr. Ri∣chard Wilds, the chiefe English Consull: Hee told him

all what hee heard the Governour tell his Master, but could not tell my name: only Master Richard Wilds con∣jectur'd it was I, because of the others report of a Tra∣veller, and of his first and former acquaintance with me there.

Whereupon the Fleming being dismissed, he straight sent for the other English Factors, Mr. Richard Bus∣bitch, Mr. Iohn Corney, Mr. Hanger, Mr. Stanton, Mr. Cooke, Mr. Rowley, and Mr. Woodson: where advising with them, what was best to be done for my reliefe; they sent Letters away immediatly with all post dilligence, to Sir Walter Aston, his Maiesties Ambassadour lying at Madrile: Vpon which hee mediating with the King and Counsell of Spaine, obtained a straight warrant to com∣mand the Governor of Malaga, to deliuer mee ouer in the English hands: which being come, to their great dislik∣ing, I was released on Easter satturday before midnight, and carryed uppon Hazier the slaues backe to Master Busbitches house, where I was carefully attended till day light.

Meanewhile (by great fortune) there being a Squader of his Maiesties Ships lying in the Road, Sir R••chard Halkins came early ashoare, accompanied with a strong trayne, and receiued mee from the Merchants: whence I was carryed on mens armes in a payre of blanquets, to the Vangard his Maiesties ship. And three dayes thereaf∣ter, I was transported to a ship bound for England, the Fleets victualler, named the good will of Harwich, by di∣rection of the Generall Sir Robert Maunsell: where being well placed, and charge given by Sir Richard Halkins to the ships master William Westerdale, for his carefulnes to∣ward the preservation of my life, which then was broght so low & miserable. The aforesaid Merchants ••ent me

from shoare (besides the ships Victuals) a suite of Spa∣nish apparrell, twelue Hens, with other poultry, and a barrell of Wine, a Basket full of Egges, two Roves of Figges and Rasins, two hundred Orenges and Lemmons, eight pounds of Sugar, a number of excellent good bread and two hundred Realls in Siluer and Gold; besides two double Pistolls Sir Richard Halkins sent mee as a token of his loue.

The kindnesses of whom to bury in oblivion, were in me the very shame of ingratitude, I being then a lost man and hopelesse of life, which argued in them a greater singularitie of kindnesse and compassion. Yet I re∣member for all my lamenes and distraction, I intreated Sir Richard Halkins to goe ashoare to the Governour, and demand him for my Gold, my eight Patents, my Booke of Armes, and his Maiesties Letters and Seales, the which he willingly obeyed, being accompanied with Captain Cave, and Captaine Raymond, but could ob∣taine nothing at all, save blandements and leying ex∣cuses.

And now on the twelfth day of our lying in the Road, our ship weighing her Anchors, and hoysing her Sailes wee passed through the straits of Gibelterre, fretum Herculeum; for this was the furthest Land that Hercu∣les could attayne vnto; which made him erect a Pillar, and indent thereon, nilultra; but when Charles the fift, returned from that untoward voyage of Al∣gier, hee caused to bee set vp in the same place, Plus vltra.

Here in this Channell, I remarked a perpetuall cur∣rent, flowing from the Ocean to the Mediterrene Sea without any regresse: which indeed is admirable; the Mediterranean Seas being hembd in, and environed

with the mayne Continent of South Europe; the North and North west coasts of Asia, and the Northerne part of Affricke; save onely the narrow passage of Hellespont••, which from Mare Propontis bendeth his course to Mare Euxinum: And yet the Euxine, or black Sea, hath no affinity with any other moving wa∣ters, being likewise incompassed with the mayne con∣tinent: And from it also runneth a continuall current, through Bosphorus Thraicus, to the Mediterra∣neum.

This narrow Sea on Affricke, or side of Fez consisteth betweene Cabdy Sprat, and the Promontory of Sewty, and upon the coast of Spaine, betweene Cap de Trafol∣ger, and (the butting fore-head land of Gibelterre, or Iubile Tauro; the passage being five leagues broad, and nine in length.

And to be briefe, upon the fifty day after my depar∣ture from Malaga, I arrived at Dutford upon Thames, whence the next morning I was carried to Theoballs on a feather-bed, and brought to the Privy Gallery, for the Kings comming from Parke. Witnesse all the Court of England, even from the King to the Kitchin, what a martyr'd anatomy I was, at their first sight of mee; and what small hope was either expected of my life or recovery.

Where, when immediatly having made my most hum∣ble and grievous complaints unto his sacred Maiesty, his gracious consideration (in the meane time) was such, for the recovery of my health, that I was twice sent to the Bath at the charges of his Royall love, during the space of twenty-seven weekes, wher••by the divine providence and his Princely clemency, I have reco∣vered for the time in a large measure, the health and

strength of my body, although my left Arme and cru∣shed bones be incurable.

Meane while, in the first Weeke of my Arrival in England, I was conveyed from Theobalds (by his Ma∣jesties direction) to Don Drego Sarmento de Gundamore the Spanish Ambassadour, then Resident in Holborne. Where he votally undertooke, before then the two Lord Marquesses, Hammi••ton and Buckingham, (confirming it the day following to his Majesty at Greenewich) that after a condigne tryall had from Spaine, concerning my grievances; I should have all my money, Cloathes, Ob∣servations, Testimoniall Patents, and his Majesties Seales restored••ne againe, with a thousand pound sterling al∣so, (beeing modified by his Royall pleasure) of the Go∣vernour of Malagaes meanes, for the maintayning of my Lame and Racked body.

These promises were made the sixt of Iune 1621. and were to be performed againe Michaelmasse day insuing: But this day come, hee continued his drifts to the Prima∣vera; and it also arrived, he deferred time, with new protestations, onely to Easter or Pascua: And that Sea∣son come, he turned my Pascua to Pris••n: For a little be∣fore his departure (seeing his policy too strong for mine oppressed patience) I told him flatly in his face, from the griefe of my soule, what he was, and what he went a∣bout, which afterward proved true: Whereupon in the Chamber of Presence, before the Emperours Ambassa∣dour, and divers Knights and Gentle-men, his Maje∣sties servants: he rashly adventured the credite of 〈◊〉〈◊〉 honour, in a single Combat against me a retorted plain∣tive: Where indeede his Fistula contra-banded with a fist, and for Victory, favour lent him auth••rity; because of my Commitment, for I lay nine Weekes iucarcer••te

in the Marshall-Sea at Southwarke: Whence I returnned with more credite, then he left England with honesty; beeing bot•• Vanquish'd and Victor. And my Muse left to mourne for my Liberty, deplored thus:

Low levell'd lie my lofty soaring aymes, Low droupes the flight, of my swift wing'd designe; Low bowes that top, whose hight true meria claimes: Low head-long fals the scope of my Engine: Low turnes my round, harsh grow the sacred nine; Low sinke my joyes, pale griefe, converts in care: Low lurkes Ambition, in this breast of mine: Low stoupe these smiles, that Fortune wont to share; Low rest my drifts, my curious Trauailes rare: Low scude the limits, of my high-bred thought: Low plunge my hopes, in darke deepes of despaire; Low I o'rethrowne, with crosses low am brought: Low live I here, in sad restraint and strife: Low then the lower of the lowest life: Low was I am, ile lowly Sacrifice: Low deep fetch'd sighes▪ to heaven on my low Knees.

But I remember in the afore-said time of this my im∣prisonment, there were two Papists my Country-men, who wrot to me a Letter, not like to a familiar Epistle of Cicero; no, but that they would have fastned an untruth upon me, affirming that I was a Roman Catholick in my heart, and that they would justifie it that I received the Sacrament at Rome, in the first yeare that Paulus (Burge∣sius) Papa Quintus, came to his triple Crowne: to whom in a true and Christian defence, my serious and approba∣ble reply was thus:

THis is your Papall marke, that as you run astray, You eyther would, or needs will have, Christs flock to loose their way. Can you avouch this poynt, and dare you blaze your shame, Thus Painter-like to portray'd so, a figure for a Name. Shall Symbolizing I, by Paragraphs definde, In Paradoxicks passages, Equivocate my mind. No tinture shall ingrosse, my Senses so delude, To maculate my Splendant path, with positives intrude: In this Aversion I, I more then Victor live, Let Criticks sterne aspersions spew, this Project ile Atchieve: My words shall Seale the truth, my heart reserves the stamp, Wherein my Characters of Faith, as zealous shall incampe. That desuetude of Soule, I never did imbrace, Nor shall; nor did, God is my judge, such was his heavenly grace: No secondary meane, shall aggravate my hope, The ancient Rule of primacy, shall be my moderne scope:

Can such occurrents stand, as ominous in me, When you detract and fasly wrest, the truth in perjury? It is your lineall straine, Collusions to induct, With Mysticke Contradictories, your implies you construct: No inference can prye, nor strange illation proove; In your exorbitanting braines, my period I did moove: This Microcosmos mine, such imputation scornes; And turnes this grim demoniat spight, on your Hell-forked hornes. My name you presse to staine, by base abortive lyes, To circumcise my recent fame, with sharp edg'd Calumnies: And labour to depresse; that Confluence I have From Heaven ascrib'd, confirm'd by grace, the pledge my Spirit doth crave: That strife cannot avayle, I so assume the right; Your doubled darkned eies perceive, I triumph in the light: It's not your bloody Priests, nor Tortures can prevaile, I past your Purgatory ones, the rest must you impale, For what by dread or straine, you can not worke nor do,

You wrest, you ley, you paint, you faine, and adde illusions too: These Latent Forgeries, annexed to your Faith, As pendicles precipitate, inhaunce your Soules to death: With shrew'd Acerbious speech, you Anathematize My will Reciprocall to yours, such guile you Moralize: But this reflexing heart, in a transparent flame, Can by experience conster well, your Churches Sire and Dame: No Tort I introduct, to damnifie your Sexe, Whose empty Sculles (illuding feare) your selves perverstly vexe: I Organize the Truth, you Allegate the Sense, Disbending cominous defects, in your absurd pretence: Your immateriall proofes, I wish you would detect, My Processe craves sedulily, for what you Gulls Suspect.

After this their sequell answere being mortified, and I set at liberty by a just favour of the Privy Councell, my formalists durst never attempt any further dispute with me, neither any passing countenance in our rancounters: But what shall I say concerning my grievances, Sed qui Patitur vincit: Since there is no helpe or Redresse to bee

had for wrongs past, no, neither (alasse) for any present in either meane, or mighty falls: for when the Starres of great states, decline under the selfe-same constellation of my sorrowes, and made the deplored for spectacles, of the inconstancy of fortune; what shall I then in a pri∣uate life, and publicke pilgrimage expect, but the com∣mon calamity of this age, and the irrevocable redresse of my miseries sustained, for this Crowne and Kingdom of England, which shall be presently cleared: yet would to God, I might do, as Xerxes the Persian King did, that when the Greekes had taken Sardis, the Metropole of Lydia, he commanded one of his servants to stand before him every day at dinner, and cry aloud, saying; the Grecians have taken Sardis: whereby he was never at quiet, till it was recovered.

So would I, oppressed I, by mighty powers (though not a King, yet the faythfull subiect of a King) cry day∣ly from the heart broken sorrow of my incompatible injuries; O barbarous, and inhumane Malaga! when shall my soule be revenged on thy cruell murther, and when shall mine eyes see thy mercilesse destruction? but tush what dreame I; now a dayes griefe can finde no re∣liefe, far lesse compassion, and meaner revenge, and so farewell satisfaction, when flattering feare dare chal∣leng obsequiousnesse, to the alteration of any thing.

But afterward when death, Heavens fatal messenger, and enemy to nature, had darted King Iames of match∣lesse memory; who somtimes (besides my soveraigne) in some respects, and for the former cause, was a father to me; then was I forcibly (I say) constrayned to preferre a bill of grievance to the upper house of Parliament An∣no 1626. which I dayly followed 17. weekes: well; my grievances were heard and considered, and thereupon an

order granted me (bearing the Lords reference plea∣sure concerning my suite) vnto Sir Thomas Coventrey Lord keeper of Englands great Seale; and through whose office my businesse should have passed: which order was delivered unto him, by Mr. Iames Maxwell Knight of the blacke Rod, and one of his Majesties Bed chamber, in behalfe of the Lords of the upper house: the order thus being reserved then with the Lord Keeper for a mo∣neth, he appointed me to fetch him (because of a Warrant to his State office) the Certificats of Sir Wal∣ter Aston, Sir Robert Maunsell, and Sir Thomas Button, to cleare my sufferings, and the causes wherefore: which I gladly obeyed, and brought all their three Certificates, unto him: yea and Sir Walter Aston, (besides his hand writ) spoke seriously face to face with him there, anent.

Meane while the house breaking up abruptly (because of soveraigne disliking) their order for my suite could take none effect as then, nor yet since, in regard it was no Session of Parliament; and so my order and relief lyeth suspended till some happy time.

But now to confound the calumnious and vituperious Papists, the miscreant and miserable Atheists, the Peevish and selfe opinionating Puritans, the faithles misbeleeving Mungrells of true Religion, and of this trueth: And the very obiections have beene sayd sometimes in my face by irreligious and disdainfull Nullifidians: who have said and thought that I could neither be so constant, nor they so cruell: I thinke it not amisse, to set downe ver∣bally one of their Certificates here, being all o•• one stile and to one purpose; and thus it followeth.

To the Right Honorable, Sir Thomas Coventry Knight, Lord Keeper of the great Seale of England, &c.

MAy it please your Honour: I have taken boldnesse to certifie your good Lordship, of the trueth con∣cerning the grievous sufferings of this heavily in∣jured man, William Lithgow: true it is, that this bearer, being bound for Alexandria in Egypt, having with him Letters of safe conduct, under the Hand and Seale of his late Majesty King James of blessed memory; ran∣countred with us, and our Fleete at Malaga: Whereof I was imployed as Vice-Admirall against the Pyrats of Al∣gier; where he repayring a Boord of us, and frequenting our Company ashoore, was presently (after we had set Sayle) apprehended by command of the Governor and Magistrates there as a Spie, whom they suspected, had of purpose beene left behind by our Generall, and us of the Counsell of Warre, for the Discovery of that place, and other adjacent parts: Whereupon being secretly imprisoned in the Governours Palace; and after serious examination of our intention; he was without any cause done, or offered by him, most uniustly put to the cruell Racke and tortures; besides all other his vnspeakable miseries, which for a long time he su∣stained thereafter: whereof I was credibly and infallibly informed by Mr▪ Richard Wilds, to whom he was first dis∣covered, and by other English Factors of good note then resi∣d••nt there. In my repayring diverse times to the Roade of

that towne with my Squadron of shippes, during the time of his long imprisonment, and after his deliverance. And afterward the Governour there beeing better informed of our loyall proceedings in those parts, and to colour their former cruelties▪ and suspition had of us, hee did wrest the Inquisition vpon him, where being condemned to Death, he had doubtlesse vndergone (as I was likewise truely infor∣med by the afore-said Merchants) the finall Sentence of their Inquisition: if it had not beene, for the Religious care, and speedy prevention of Sir Walter Aston, then Leiger Am∣bassadour there: By whose earnest mediation he being delive∣red, and afterwards sent home by direction of Sir Robert Maunsell Generall: I now commend his grieuous and la∣mentable cause, vnto your Lordshipps tender and Religious Consideration. Resting,

From Fulham this tenth of Iuly. 1626.

Your Lordships Command, to serve You: Thomas Button Knight, and Vice-Admirall.

And now to conclude this Tragical discourse, the Re∣ligious eye, may perceive, Gods compassionate love, foure wayes here extended. First, his powerfull providence in my long and admirable preservation in Prison: hunger, Vermine, and Tortures, being my comfortlesse Com∣panions. Secondly, the pittifull kindnes of his All••see∣ing Eye, in the miraculous Wonder of my Discovery, when the perverted policy of subtile Serpents, had scele∣ratly suggested my concealement. Thirdly, his vnspeak∣able mercy in my vnlooked-for deliverance, beeing by hopelesse me, not thought, nor sought; and yet by his munificence was wrought. And lastly, his gracious goodnesse, in the recovery (after some large measure) of my health and vse of my body againe; all praise and glory be to his infinite Majesty therefore.

ANd finally, merit beeing masked, with the darke∣nesse of ingratitude, and the morning Spring-tide of 1627 come: I set face from Court for Scotland, suiting my discontents, with a pedestriall Progresse, and my feete with the palludiat way; where fixing mine eyes on Edenbrugh, and prosecuting the Tennor of a Regall Commission (which partly beeing some-where obeyed, and other-where suspended) it gave mee a large sight of the whole Kingdome, both Continent, and Iles. The particular Description whereof, in all parts, and of all places, besides Ports and Rivers: I must referre to the owne Volume already perfected, In••i••ula••ed Lit••g••wes Surueigh of Scotland; which this Worke may not Con∣taine, nor time suffer to publish till a fi••ter ••ccasion. Only Commenting a little upon some generalls. I hasten to be

at Finis. Traversing the Westerne Iles (whose inhabi∣tants, like to as many Bulwarkes, are abler and apter to preserve and defend their libertie and precincts from in∣cursive invasions; then any neede of Forts or Fortified places they have, or can be required there: Such is the desperate courage of these awfull Hebridians:) I arrived (I say) at the Ile of Arrane, Anno 1628. where for cer∣tayne dayes, in the Castle of Braidwicke, I was kindly intertayned, by the illustrious Lord, Iames Marquesse of Hammilton, Earle of Arrane and Cambridge, &c.

Whom GGD may strengthen, with the liveliest Heart, And fearelesse Minde, of all, ere fac'd that Art For Bohems Queene: Heauens prosper His intent! With Glorious Successe, and a Braue euent: That by a King beene Sped, for a Kings Sake, To helpe a King; all Three from Him may take Auspicuous Seruice, frienship, faithfull Loue, Gainst whom, and his, no time can breach improue. Let then (great God) blest Sparkes of fauour fall On his Designes, and Theirs, our Friends and All; And Angels Guard Him let Thy Mighty hand (Partition-like) twixt Him, and dangers stand: That Martiall ends, and Victory may Crowne His happie Hopes, his Life, with Loue Renowne.

This Ile of Arrane, is thirty miles long eight in bread••h and distant from the Maine, twenty foure Miles; being sur-clouded with Goatfield Hill: which with wide-eyes, ouer-looketh our Westerne Continent, and the Nor∣therne Countrey of Ireland, bringing also to ••igh•• in a cleare Summers day, the Ile of Manne, and t••e higher

Coast of Cumberland: A larger prospect no Mountaine in the World can show, poynting out three Kingdomes at one sight: Neither any like Isle or brauer Gentry, for good Archers, and hill-houering Hunters. Hauing a∣gaine re-shoared the Maine, I coasted Galloway euen to the Mould that butteth into the Sea, with a large Promontore, being the south-most part of the Kingdome. And thence footing all that large Countrey to Dumfreis, and so to Carlile: I found heere in Galloway in diuerse Rode-way Innes, as good Cheare, Hospitality, and Ser∣uiceable attendance, as though I had beene ingrafted in Lombardy or Naples.

The Wool of which Countrey, is nothing inferiour to that in Biscai of Spaine: prouiding they had skill, to fine, Spin, Weaue, and labour it as they should. Nay, the Calabrian silke, had neuer a better luster, and softer gripe, then I haue seene and touched this growing wool there ••n sheepes backes: the Mutton whereof excelleth in sweetnesse. So this Country aboundeth in Bestiall, e∣specially in little Horses, which for mettall and Riding may rather be tearmed bastard Barbes, then Gallowediau Nagges.

Likewise their Nobility and Gentry are as courteous, and euery way generously disposed, as either discreti∣on would wish, and honour Command: that (Cunning∣ham being excepted, which may be called the Accade∣my of Religion, for a sanctified Clergy, and a godly peo∣ple) certainly Galloway is become more ciuill of late, then any Maritine Country, bordering with the Westerne Sea. But now to obserue my former Summary condition, the length of the Kingdome lyeth South and North: that, is betweene Dungsby head in Cathnes, and the fore-said Mould of Galloway; being distant••

per rectam li••eam, which my weary feet ••road ouer from poynt to poynt (the way of ••ochreall, Carrick, Kyle, Aire, Glasgow, Stirueling, St. Iohns Towne, Stormount, the Blair of Ath••ll▪ the Br•• of Mar, Badeynoh, Innernes, Rosse, Sutherland, and so to the North Promontore of Cathnes) extending to three hundred twenty miles: which I rec∣k••n to be foure hundred and fifty English miles: Con∣founding hereby the ignorant presumption of blind Cos∣mographers, whom their Mappes make England longer than Scotland; when contrariwise Scotland out-strippeth the other in length, a hundred and twenty miles. The breadth whereof I grant is narrower than England; yet extending betweene the extremities of both Coasts in di∣uers parts to threescore, fourescore and a hundred of our miles: But because of the Sea ingulfing the Land, and cutting it in so many Angles making great Lakes, Bayes, and dangerous Firths, on both sides of the Kingdome, the true breadth thereof cannot iustly be coniectured▪ nor soundly set downe.

Our chiefest fresh water Lakes are these, Lochlomond, contayning twenty ••oure Iles, and in length as many miles: divers whereof are inriched with Woods, Deere, and other Bestiall: The large and long Lake of Loch Tay, in Atholl, the Mother and Godmother of Head-strong Tay, the gr••atest Riuer in the Kingdome: And Lochnes in the higher parts of Murray, the Riuer whereof, (that, graceth the pleasant and commodious situation of Inner∣ne••) no ••rost can freize▪ The propriety of which water wil quickly melt and dissolue any hard congealed lumps of frozen ••ce, be it on Man or Beast, stone or tim••er.

The chiefest Rivers are Clyde, Tay, Tweed, Forth, Dee, Spay, Nith, Nesse, and Dingwells flood ingorging Lake, that confirmeth Porta salutis; being all of them where

they returne their tributs to their father Ocean portable; and as it were resting places for turmoyled seas and ships: And the principall Townes are Edenbrough, Perth, Glas∣gow, Dundie, Abirdene, St▪ Andrewes, Aire, Stirveling, Lithgow, Dumfreis, Innernes, Elgin, Minros, Iedburgh, Hadington, Leith, &c. and for antiquity, old Lanerk, &c.

So the most delicious soiles of the Kingdome are these following: first, the bounds of Clyde, or Cliddisdale, be∣tweene Lanerk and Dunbertan, distanced twenty sixe miles, and thence downeward to Rossay that kisseth the divulgements of the River: the beginning whereof is at Arick•• stone sixeteene miles above Lanerk▪ whose course contendeth for threescore miles: All which, being the best mixed Country for Cornes, Meeds, Pastorage, Woods, Parks, Orchards, Castles, Pallaces, divers kinds of Coale, and earth-fewell▪ that our included Albion pro∣duceth: And may justly be surnamed the Paradise of Scotland: Besides, it is adorned on both borders along, with the greatest peeres, and Nobility in the Kingdome▪ The Duke of Lennox▪ the Marques of Hammilton, the Earle of Angus, the Earle of Argile, and the Earles of Glencarne, Wigton, and Abircorn.

And for Lord Barons, Semple, Rosse, Blantyre, and Dalliell: The chiefest Gentry whereof are the Knights and Lairds of Luce, Skell murelie, Bl••khall, Greenock, Newwark, Houston, Pook-maxwell, Sir George Elpingston of Blythswood, Minto, Cambusnethen, Calderwood▪ the two Knights of Lieye, and Castel-hill, Sir Iames Lokharts elder & yonger, Lamington, Westraw▪ his Majesties Gentleman Sewer, Blakwood, Cobinton, Stanebyres, and Corhous▪ &c. All which in each degree, as they illuminat the soile with grandure, so the soyle reflecteth on them againe with beauty, bounty, and riches.

But least I partiall prove, because my breath First sprung from Lanerk, so my Christian faith; Where thence (O natall place) my soule did coyle, Blood sprit, and sense, flesh, birth, life, love, and soyle, I'le leave Clydes fragrant fields, resplendant banks, Bedeckt with Silvans; stately beauteous ranks Of Pandedalian sparks; which lend the sight Of variable colours, best Natures light; And close these silver shades, that dazeling bloome Mongst thickest Groves; with many braue-fac'd broome; Strict in the records of eternall fame, For sight, for gaine, for birth, for noble name.

And now the second soile for pleasure, is the platformd Carse of Gowry, twelve miles long (Wheat, Rye, Cornes, Fruit yards, being its onely commodity) which I may tearme for its levell'd face, to be the Garden of Angus; yea, the Diamond-plot of Tay, or rather the youngest Sister of matchlesse Piemont: The Inhabitants being onely defective in affablenesse, and communicating cour∣tesses of naturall things, whence sprung this proverbe, The kearlles of the Carse.

The third, and beautifull soyle, is the delectable pla∣nure of Murray, thirty miles long, and sixe in breadth: whose comely grounds, inriched with Cornes, plantings, pastorage, stately dwellings, overfaced with a generous Octavian Gentrye, and topped with a Noble Earle, its chiefest Patrone; it may be furstyled, a second Lombar∣dy, or pleasant Meaddow of the North.

Neither may I (abandoning eye-pleasing grounds) seclude here that Iudaick bottome, reaching thirty miles twixt Perth and Min••os; involuing the halfe of Angus,

within a fruitfull, populous, and nobilitat planure, the heart wherof saluting Glames, kisseth Cowper: So like∣wise, as thrice divided Louthiane, is a girnell of grayne, for forriane Nations; and Fiffe twixt Carraill and Largo, the Ceren trenches of a royall Camp, the incircling Coast a nest of Corporations; and Meandring Forth from tip, toed Snadoun, the prospicuous mirrour for matchlesse Maiesty: euen so is melting Tweed, and weeping Tiuiot, the Egyptian Strands, that irrign••t the fertile fields, which imbolster both bosomes, sending their bordering breath of dayly necessaries to strengthen the life of Barwick.

Now as for the Nobility and Gentry of the King∣dome; certainely, as they are generous, manly and full of courage; so are they courteous, discreet, learned Schollers, well read in best Histories, delicate linguists, the most part of them being brought vp in France or Italy: That for a general compleat worthinesse, I neuer found their matches amongst the best people of forrane Nations: being also good house keepers, affable to stran∣gers, and full of Hospitality.

And in a word the Seas of Scotland, and the Iles abound plentifully in all kinde of fishes, the Riuers are ingorged with Salmond, the high-landish mountaines ouercled with Firre-trees, infinite Deere, and all sorts of other Be∣stiall, the Valleyes full of pasture, and Wild fowle; the low layd playnes inriched with beds of grayne; Iustice all where administred, Lawes obeyed, malefactors puni∣shed, Oppressors curbed, the Clergy religious, the people sincere professors, & the Country peaceable to all men. The chiefest commodities whereof transported beyond sea, are these, Wheat, Cornes, Hides, Skins, Tallow, Yearn Linnen, Salt, Coale, Herrings, Salmond, Wool, Keilling

Ling, 〈…〉〈…〉. And last, and worst▪ all the Gold of the Kingdome is daily•• Transported away with super∣fluous posting for Court. Whence they never returne any thing, ••ave Spend all, End all, then farwell Fortune: So that numbers 〈…〉〈…〉 and Gentry now, be∣come with idle projects, downe drawers of destruction, vpon their owne neckes, their children, and their estates: and posting 〈◊〉〈◊〉 by dissolute courses, to inrich Strangers, 〈◊〉〈◊〉 themselves deservingly desolate, of Lands, Meanes, and Honesty for ever. Doing even with their former Vertue, long continuance, and memory of their noble Ancestors, as M. Knoxe did with our glori∣ous Churches of Abb••cies, and Monasteries (which were the greatest beauty of the kingdome,) knocking all down to desolation; leaving nought to be seene of admirable E∣difices, but like to the Ruines of Troy, Tyrus, and Thebes, lumpes of Wals, and heapes of stones.

So do our ignoble Gallants (though nobly borne) swal∣low vp the honour of their famous Predecessours, with posting foolery, boy winding Hor••es, cormandizing Gluttony, Lust, and vaine Apparrell; making a Transmi∣gration of perpetuity to their present Belly, and Backe. O lashivi••us e••ds: which I have cond••gnely sifted, in my last Worke Intitulated Scotlands we••come to King Charles: with all the abuses and grievances of the whole Kingdome besides.

But now leaving Prodigalls to their Purgat••riall P••st∣ings, I come to Trace through Rosse, Sutherland, and Cathnes▪ So iles so abundant in all things, ••it to illustrate greatnesse, Resplendout Gentry, and succour Com∣mons; that their f••rtile goodnesse far exceeding my expe∣ctation, and the affability of the better sort my deser∣vings: beeing all of them the best, and most bountifull

Christmasse keepers (the Greekes excepted) that euer I saw in the Christian World: Whose continuall incor∣porate Feastings one with another, beginning at Saint Andrewes day, never end till Shrouetide: which Raui∣shed me, to behold, such great and daily cheare, familiar fellow-ship, and iouiall chearefulnesse, that me thought the whole Winter there, seemed to me, but the Iubilee of one day. And now beeing arrived at Maij, to imbarke for Orknay, sight, time, and duty, command me to ce∣lebrate these following Lines, to gratifie the kindnesse of that noble Lord, George Earle of Cathnes, with his Honourable Cousin, and first Accadent of his house, the Right worshipful Sir William Sinclair of Catholl Knight Liard of Maij.

Sir! sighting now thy Selfe, and Pallace Faire, I finde a novelty, and that most rare, The time though cold and stormy; sharper Sun, And far to Summer, scarce the Spring begun; Yet with good lucke, in Februar, Saturnes prey Haue I not sought, and found out fruitfull May, Flank'd with the Marine Coast, prospectiue stands, Right opposite, to the Orcade Iles and Lands: Where I for floures, ingorg'd strong grapes of Spaine, And liquor'd French, both Red and white amaine: Which Pallace doth contain, two foure-squard Courts, Graft with braue works where th' Art drawne pensile sports On Hals, high Chambers, Galleries, office, Bowres, Cells, Rooms, and Turrets, Plat-formes, stately Towers: Where greene-fac'd gardens, set at Floraes feet, Make Natures beauty, quicke Appelles greet: All which surueigh'd, at last the mid-most gate Design'd to me the Armes of that great state,

The Earles of Cathnes; to whose praise inbag'd, My Muse must mount; and here's my pen incadg'd: First then their Armes, a Crosse, did me produce Limbdlike a Scallet, trac'd with fleur du Luce; The Lyon, red, and rag'd, two times divided From coyne to coyne, as Heraulds have decyded: The third joynd stavnce denotes to me a Galley, That on their sea-rapt ••oes, dare make assailley: The fourth a gallant Ship, pu••t with taunt saile Gainst them, their Ocean dare, or Coast assaile: On whose bent Creist, a Pelican doth sit An Embleme, for like loue, drawne wondrous fit: Who as shee feeds her young with her heart blood Denotes these Lords, to theirs, like kind, like good: Whose best Supporters, guard both Sea and Land, Two sterne drawne Griffons, in their strength to stand: Their Dictum beares this verdict, for Heauens Ode: Ascribd this clause; commit thy worke to God: O sacred Motto! Bishop Sinclairs straine, Who turned ••iffes Lord; on Scotlands foes agayne: Loe here's the Armes of Cathnes, here's the Stock! On which branch'd••boughes relye, as on a Rocke. But further in I foundlike Armes more patent; To kinde Sir William and his line as latent; The Primier Accade, of that noble race Who for his vertue, may reclayme the place; Whose Armes, with tongue and buckle, now they make Fast crosse signe ty'd, for a faire Leslyes sake. The Lyon hunts o're Land, the Ship, the Sea, The ragged Crosse can scale high wals wee see; The wing-layd Gally with her factious oares Both Havens and Floods command and circling shoares: The featherd Griffon flees. O grim limbd beast!

That winging Sea and Land, vphold•• this Creist: But for the Pelicans, life sprung kind Story, Makes honour sing▪ Virtute, et Amore. Nay, not by blood, us she her selfe can do, But by her paterne, feeding younglings too; For which this Patrones Crescent stands so stay, That neither Spight▪ nor Tempest can shake Maij▪ Whose Cutchions cleave so fast, to 〈…〉〈…〉 Portends to mee, his Armes shall ever bide. So Murckles Armes are so, except the Rose Spred on the Crosse, which Bothwels Armes disclose; Whose Vtetine blood he is, and present Brother▪ To Cathnes Lord; all three sprung from one Mother. Bothwels prime Heretrix, plight to Hepburnes Race. From whom Religious Murckles Rose I trace, This Countries instant Shrieve▪ whose Vertue rais'd His honour••d worth his godly life more prais'd But now to rouze their Rootes, and how they Sprung, See how Antiquity, Times triumph Sung. This Scaller, worth them▪ bl••nch'd, for endeavour And Service done, to Englands Conquerour; With whom from France they first to Britaine came, Sprung from a Towne St. Claire, now turn'd their name. Whose Predecessours, by their Val'rous hand, Wonne endlesse Fame, twice in the Holy••Land: Where in that Christian Warre, their blood beene lost, They loath'd of Gaule, and sought our A••bion Coast. Themselves to Scotland came in Cammoires Raigne With good Queene M••rgret, and her English traine. The Ship from O••knay sayl'd, now rul'd by Charles, Whereof they Sinclairs, long time, had beene Earles. Whose Lord then William, was by Scotlands King, (Call'd Robert Second, First, whence Stewarts Spring),

Sent with his second Sonne to France, cross'd Iames Who eighteene yeares, liu'd Captivate at Thames. This Prisner last turn'd King, call'd Iames the First, Who Sinclairs Credit, kept in Honours thirst: The Galley was the Badge of Cathnes Lords, As Malcome Cammoirs raigne at lenght Records: Which was to Magnus given, for Service done, Against Mackbaith, vsurper of his Crowne. The Lyon came, by an Heretrix to passe, By Marriage; whose Sire, was surnam'd Dowglas. Where after him, the Sinclair now Record, Was Shriefe of Dumfreis' and Nidsdales Lord: Whose wife was Neece, to good King Iames the Third; Who for exchange, twixt Wicke and Southerne Nidde Did Lands incambiat: whence this Cathnes Soile Stands fast for them, the rest, their Friends recoile. Then Circle-bounded Cathnes Cinclairs ground, Which Pentland Firth invirones, Orknayes sound; Whose top is Dunkanes Bay, the Root the Ord; Long may it long stand fast for their true Lord: And as long too, Heavens grant what I require, The Race of Maij, may in that Stocke aspire Till any Age may last, Times glasse be runne, For Earths last darke Ecclipse, of no more Sunne.

Forsaking Cathnes, I imbraced the trembling Surges (at Dungsby) of strugling Neptune, which ingorgeth Pentland or Pictland Firth with nine contrarious Tides: eath Tide over-thwarting another with repugnant cour∣ses, have such violent streames, and combustious waves, that if these dangerous Births be not rightly taken in pas∣sing over, the Passengers shall quickely loose sight of

life and land for ever: yea, and one of these tides so for∣ci••le, at the backe of Stromaij, that it will carry any Ves∣sell back ward, in despight of the winds, the length of its rapinous current.

This dreadfull Firth is in breadth betweene the Con∣tinent of Cathnes, and the Ile of South Rannaldshaw in Orknay twelve miles: And I devote this credibly, in a part of the Northwest end of this Gulfe, there is a cer∣taine place of sea, where these destracted tydes make their rancountering Randevouze, that whirleth ever about; cut∣ting in the middle circle a devalling hole, with which if either Ship or Boat shall happen to encroach, they must quickly either throw over some thing into it, as a Barrell, a peice of timber, and such like, or that fatall Euripus shall then suddenly become their swallowing Sepulcher. A custome which these bordering Cathenians and Orcadi∣ans have ever heretofore observed.

Arriv'd at South Rannaldshaw an Ile of five miles long, and thwarting the Ile of Burray, I sighted Kirkwall, the Metrop••le of Pomonia, the mayne Land of Orknay, and the onely Mistresse of all the circumjacent Iles being thir∣ty in number. The chiefest whereof (besides this tract of ground, in length twenty sixe, and broad five, sixe and seven miles) are the Iles of Sanda, Westra, and Stronza: Kirkwall it selfe is adorned with the stately and magnifick Church of St. Magnus built by the Danes, whose Sig∣niory with the Iles lately it was: but indeed for the time present, more beautified with the godly life of a most ve∣nerable and religious Bishop Mr. George Grahame, whom now I may tearme (Soveraignity excepted) to be the Fa∣ther of the Countries government, then an Ecclesiasticke Prelat: The Inhabitants being left void of a Governour, or solid Patron, are just become like to a broken battell, a

scattered people without a head: hauing but a Burges-Shreiue to administer Iustice, and he also an Aliene to them, and a Resider in Edenburgh: So that in most diffe∣rences, and questions of importance, the Plaintiues are inforced to implore the Bishop for their Iudge, and hee the aduerse Party for redresse.

But the more remote p••rts of this auncient little King∣dome, as Zetland, and the adiacent Iles there; haue found such a sting of de••ccular gouerment within these few yeares, that these once happy Iles, Which long agoe my feet traded ouer, are Metamorphosed in the Anatomy of succourlesse oppression, and the felicity of the Inhabi∣tants reinuolued within the closet of a Cittadinean cluster.

But now referring the whole particulars, and diuidual descriptions of these Septentrion Iles, the mayne conti∣nent, and the Gigantick Hebridian Iles, to my aforesayd worke to be published, intitulated Lithgows surueigh of Scotland, I send this generall verdict to the world:

Now having seene most part of thy selfe glore▪ Great Kingdomes, Ilands, stately Courts, rich Townes, Most gorgeous showes, pomp-glory deckt renownes, Hearbagious fields, the Pelage-beating shoare Propitious Princes, Prelats, potent Crownes: Smoake shadow'd times, curst Churles, Misers, Clownes, Impregnate Forts, devalling floods, and more Earth-gazing heights, Vayle curling Plaines in store: Court-rasing honours, throwne on envies frownes; Worme-vestur'd workes, Enamild Arts, wits lore: Masse-marbled Mansions, Mineralls coynd Ore, State-superficiall showes, swift-glyding Moones: I ••oath thy sight, pale streames, staine watry eyne, Whose glorious shades evanish, no more seene.

And now to conclude, as a Painter▪ may spoyle a Pic∣ture, but not the face; so may some Stoicall Reader mis∣conster and misconceiue some parts of this eye-set Histo∣ry, though not able to marre the truth of it: yet howso∣ever, here is the just relation of nineteene yeares travells, perfited in three deare bought voyages: The generall computation of which dimmensious spaces, in my goings, traversings, and returnings, through Kingdomes, Continents, and Ilands, which my paynefull feet traced over (besides my passages of Seas and Rivers) amounteth to thirty six thousand and odde miles, which draweth neare to twice the circumference of the whole Earth. And so farewell.

FINIS.

Notes

• Certaine ap∣proved rea∣sons.
• The match∣lesse Lord of Chichester for vertue, wis∣dome, and valour.
• The foure Provinces of Ireland.
• The ignorant and sluggish life of the common Irish
• A foolish and superstitious errour.
• Two intole∣rable abuses in Ireland.
• The filthy corruption of Irish Priests and Wood-Carns, thie∣vish Rebels.
• A bad & un∣civill Husban∣dry in Ireland.
• Northerne Irish woman giving suck to their Babes, behinde their shoulders.
• The length of Ireland.
• The manner of the Coun∣try.
• The nature of the people.
• An Ecclesia∣stick corrup∣tion in un∣lawfull Prea∣chers.
• A flattering covenant twixt Mini∣sters and Masse Priests.
• Ministeriall officer strange∣ly abused.
• My departure from Ireland to France.
• The fanta∣stick foolery of the French.
• Certain cave∣ats for stran∣gers that goe to France.
• Biscay in Spain is a fer∣tile Country.
• A lying mi∣racle.
• A damnable delusion of a devillish mi∣racle.
• The kingdom of Portugale.
• The palace of Escuriall.
• Escurial is ra∣ther a Mona∣stery then Pa∣lace.
• It is misera∣ble travelling in Spain.
• The long cap∣tivity of the Spaniards un∣der the M••res.
• Naked condi∣tion conferred upon poore Toledo.
• Malaga af∣frighted with the English ••leet.
• A sad request to a mercilesse Governour.
• His Majesties Letters and Seals misre∣garded.
• An injust robbery by unjust Judges.
• And here is the embleme of my misery.
• A miserable and helplesse Lamentation.
• The mourning of Hazior a Turkish slave.
• A speedie •• ex∣pedition for a mercilesse mischiefe.
• My transpor∣tation from prison to the fields to be racked.
• A stranger ought not to be accu••ed with strange∣ers without an Interpreter
• A mercilesse hu••t, before they begun to rack me.
• The hams and lids of my knees were both broken.
• O cruell and inhumane murder.
• Heere begun my maine tor∣tures.
• Loe h••re is t••e manner how •• was 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Rack∣ed.
• The manne•• how my body was first fast∣ned to the Rack before my tortures were inflicted.
• A cruelty be∣yond cruelt••es
• A hellish an•• insupportable pain.
• A lamentable remembrance of inhuma••e crueltie.
• A dreadful af∣frighting for 〈◊〉〈◊〉 to tures.
• Alas, too go•• new•• not to have beene true.
• No pain so grievous, as a lame man to be still tor∣mented with gnawing ver∣mine.
• A politick en∣quiry of a damnable in∣quisition.
• A damnable Inquisitor ap∣plying ••alse attributes to our blessed Lady.
• A Sycophan∣ticall Oration from a jug∣ling Jebusite.
• The fury of a mad Inquisi∣tor to have almost slaine mee.
• The Romish Church falls short of true antiquity, uni∣versality, and uniform••••••••.
• The Jesuits last allure∣ments for my conversion to their sect.
• A Conde••∣natory Sen∣tence to death by the Inqui∣sition.
• A Turkish slaves charity in the bowels of compassion.
• The deceitful∣nesse of female inconstancies.
• An impatient mind in trou∣ble is a triple torture.
• Gods grea•• mercy in 〈◊〉〈◊〉 first discor•••• by a strang••••
• These are the English Fa∣ctors which first wrought my reliefe.
• I d••rst not stay a shoare for feare of the Inqui••ition.
• The strait of Gi••••lterre five leagues broad.
• A false pro∣mise unper∣formed.
• A single com∣bat 〈◊〉〈◊〉 a Spanish 〈◊〉〈◊〉 and a Sco••••••sh tr••va••ler.
• A falce asper∣tion layd on me by Papists.
• Incompatible griefe without deserved re∣liefe.
• A direction for Certificats by the Lord Keeper.
• The Nobility and commodi∣ties of Gallo∣way excell in goodnesse.