[Rudimenta grammatices]

A NOVNE.

A Nowne is: that betoketh a thyng without any difference of tyme, and is declyned with ca••••.

A nowne propre is, that signifieth a thyng 〈◊〉〈◊〉

comune, but propre to a singuler thynge in •• kynde, as Maro, Roma, Tyberis.

A nowne appellatyue is, that betokeneth a thynge comune to many thynges, as homo a m••••, anim••la beast, albedo why••enesse.

And sometyme an infinityue mode is taken for an nowne appellatiue, as studere in this sentence: stu∣dere est honestū. and sometyme a hole reason, as ur discas in this sentence expedit ut discas.

A nowne adiectiue is, that betokeneth a thyng co∣mune to many, and dete••myneth propres and app••l¦latiues: and is of .iij. ••••̄dres comunly, other in .iij. terminatiōs, as alb•• ba bū, or in one, as ue••ox. and may nat stāde in a sentēce alone, but euer must haue a propre o•• appellatiue expressed or vnderstāde, ex∣cept it be put in the neute•• gendre.

A nowne interrogatiue is, that betokeneth axynge of a thynge, and it is of .ij. kyndes, ••or other it axeth of a propre or a appellatiue / and than is it called of substaūce, as quis uter: orels of an adiectiue: and thā is it called of accidēce: as qualis what maner, quāt•• how moche or how great, culu•• ••a ••um whose, cuias of what coūtrey, quotus whiche in ordre, or how ma¦ny in ordre, or what, of thyng is answerd to, by now∣nes of ordre: as primus secundus. also quot how ma∣ny. and the sayd nownes somtyme betoken none ax∣yng, but other they come after suche verbes scio, ui∣deo, intelligo: as scio qualis sis, and than they be called infinitis: orelles they remytte vs to an other thyng knowen, and than they be relatiues: as Her∣molaus erat doctus, qualis etiam Politianus erat.

A nowne reddityue is, that answereth to interroga¦tyues, whan they be taken as ••elatiues, as these ta∣lis tantus tot. Example. Talls erat Politianus, qua¦lis Hermolaus. And these be taken somtyme demō∣stratyuely: as whan we 〈◊〉〈◊〉 a man and say, Talis

erat Theodorus.

A nowne partitiue is tha•••• that betok••neth 〈◊〉〈◊〉 many by one, as uter•••• ••nusquis{que}•• orelles one, 〈◊〉〈◊〉 many, as alter alius.

An adiectiue is called a nowne 〈◊〉〈◊〉 or 〈…〉〈…〉 comparison be made of hym.

The cōparatiue nowne is that, that betokeneth ••••∣cesse of some qualite in respecte of one or many: and ••s expoūde by this aduerbe magis in laten as 〈◊〉〈◊〉 rior illo or illis, wyser or mo••e wyse than he or th••y ••or magis prudens.

The suplatiue nowne is that, that betokeneth ••••••••esse of quali••e in respect of many, and is expoūd by ••his aduerbe maxime in latē, as doctissimus omniū wysist or most wyse of al, for maxime doctus.

A nowne possessiue is tha••, that betokeneth a thyn•• ••s of the hauer, or to whom is parteynynge or l••••∣gyng to, as paternus 〈◊〉〈◊〉 tensi•• herili••.

A nowne material is that, that signifieth a thyng, 〈◊〉〈◊〉 of the mater that i•• is made of, ••s lapideus, test••••••∣us, triticeus. Such•• nownes as signifi•• a thyng by his towne or cite be called in laten nomina patri•••• as Eboracensis, Romanus. And suche as signifie •• ••hyng, as by his nation, be called nownes gentil•••••• as graecus, Italus, Hispanus, Anglus.

A nowne numeral is that, that signifieth nombre, as vnus, duo, ••res, and suche be called cardynalles or ••s primus, secūdus, tertius. and suche be called or∣dinalles, or as singuli, bini, terui, and such•• be cal∣led distributiues.

A nowne collectiue is that, that in the-voyce of the singuler nombre signifieth many, as populus, gen•••• 〈◊〉〈◊〉.

Gendres.

The masculyne gendre is that, that longeth to ma••∣les onely in suche thynges that hath both male and

female, as vir, Theodor•• poe••••. And in suche thyn∣ges as haue no distinction of male 〈…〉〈…〉 〈…〉〈…〉 〈…〉〈…〉 pis, niger, qui.

The 〈…〉〈…〉 that, tha•• 〈◊〉〈◊〉 ••o se∣malles onely in suche ••hynges that 〈…〉〈…〉 and female, as Cornelia 〈◊〉〈◊〉 tex••••ix. 〈…〉〈…〉 haue nor male nor 〈◊〉〈◊〉, the femyny•••• gend••e i•• that is wont in spekynge to be ioyned with the fe∣mynine, as pe••ra, ••••gra, que.

The neutre gendre is that, that i•• ••••ther prop••e to male nor female. and in the 〈…〉〈…〉 of spe∣••yng i•• wont ••o be 〈◊〉〈◊〉 ••ith ••ordes ••hat be no∣ther masculyne nor femi••••••e, as 〈…〉〈…〉 mentum. And these nownes that 〈…〉〈…〉 ••alis and fe∣malis be both masculyn and ••••myne, and called the comune of two, ••s b••s, sus, except a few that be cal∣led epicenis, as passe••, aquila, mu••••e la, mi••••us, whi∣che al in one gendre signifie both kyndes. As cōtra∣rywyse some be called the doubtfull gendre for by cause they signifie one thynge, somtyme in the ma∣sculyne somtyme in the feminine, aft••r the pleasure of auctours, as marge, di••s, 〈◊〉〈◊〉, ••ilex, and al now∣nes, that may agree with all gendres, b•• called the comune of .iij. as ••e••ox.

Cases.

The noia••iue case i•• that, ••h••t 〈◊〉〈◊〉 •• thynge as it is onely and nat in 〈◊〉〈◊〉 othe•• 〈◊〉〈◊〉 and this case is called in 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Al othe•• ••e called o••li∣ques

Otherwyse.

The nomina••y••e is that 〈…〉〈…〉 cometh before the verbe of ce••••eyne per••••ne 〈…〉〈…〉 and an∣swereth to this question who or what, set before the verbe, or if it come nat befo•••• •• verbe, hangeth to suche a nomin••ty••••.

The genitiue gen••••••••ly betokeneth a thy••ge 〈◊〉〈◊〉 the hauer. and therfore it may o•• ••yme be turned into the possessiue. and his sig•••• in engli••se, namely ••••te•• appellatiues and propr••••, is this worde of. The da∣••••ue is that, that betokeneth a thyng, as to the whi∣che is a auaūtage, hurt, plearure, sendyng, lykenes, or euēnes, and his engli••she, after nownes adiecti∣ues and appellatiues, is this worde to: as I am pro∣fitable, vnprofitable, like, or euen to the. sum utilis, mutilis, similis, or equalis tibi. The accusatiue is, that comunly receyueth the dede of a uerbe actiue, and that cometh after some of the prepositiōs, that be construed with the accusatiue. The uocatiue si∣gnifieth a thyng called or spoken to, as Tityre. and o••tyme is ioyned with aduerbes of ca••lyng, as heu•• Angele, o Hermolae, and euer standeth absolute frō any uerbe. The ablatiue is, that betoketh tyme, price, or instrument, and hath these signes in en∣glisshe, for, fro, with, than, and by.

Nombre.

The singuler nombre signifieth one thyng, as homo a man. The plurel signifieth many, as homines m•••• And suche nownes, gens, populus, whiche be called collectiues, in theyr singuler, haue strength of the plurel nombre. And lyke wyse .ij. or mo propres o•• apellatyues, or pronownes primitiues ioyned with a ••oniunction copulatyue, as Petrus et Paulus gr••̄∣maticus et ••hetor, ego et tu.