A geographical historie of Africa, written in Arabicke and Italian by Iohn Leo a More, borne in Granada, and brought vp in Barbarie. Wherein he hath at large described, not onely the qualities, situations, and true distances of the regions, cities, townes, mountaines, riuers, and other places throughout all the north and principall partes of Africa; but also the descents and families of their kings ... gathered partly out of his owne diligent obseruations, and partly out of the ancient records and chronicles of the Arabians and Mores. Before which, out of the best ancient and moderne writers, is prefixed a generall description of Africa, and also a particular treatise of all the maine lands and isles vndescribed by Iohn Leo. ... Translated and collected by Iohn Pory, lately of Goneuill and Caius College in Cambridge

Wherein he entreateth of the principall riuers, and of the strange liuing creatures, plants, and minerals of the same countrey.

Of the riuer of Tensist.

THe riuer of * 1.1 Tensist (that we may begin in Bar∣barie from the westerne part of Africa) sprin∣ging foorth of the mountaines of Atlas which are next vnto the citie of Hanimmei, to witte, about the east part of the territorie of Maroco, and continuing his course northwarde ouer the plaines, receiueth many other riuers thereinto, and at Azafi a towne of Duccala dischargeth his streames into the maine Ocean. Into this mightie riuer of Tensist fall two other great ri∣uers, called Siffelmel and Niffis; the one whereof springeth out of Hanteta a mountaine of Maroco; and the other issuing foorth of mount Atlas neere vnto Maroco, and winding it selfe along the plaines of that region, disem∣boqueth at last into the saide mightie riuer. And albeit the riuer Tensist be for the most part of an exceeding depth, yet may it in diuers places be wa∣ded ouer, where the water reacheth vnto the stirrups of an horseman: but a footeman must strippe himselfe naked to passe ouer the same. Neere vnto Maroco there is a bridge of fifteene arches builte by king Mansor vpon this riuer: which bridge is accounted one of the most curious buildings in all Africa. Three of the saide arches were demolished by Abu Dubus the last king and patriarke of Maroco, to the ende he might hinder the passage of Iacob the first Fezsan king of the Marin familie: but this attempt of his was to none effect, as it sufficiently appeered by the successe thereof.

Of the two riuers called Teseuhin.

THe two riuers called by this one name, springing each of them, three miles asunder, out of mount Gugideme, and running through the plaines of Hascora, exonerate themselues into the riuer called Le∣bich. These two riuers (as I haue said) haue one onely name, being either of them (according to the African language) called Teseut in the singular number, and in the plural Teseuhin, which signifieth listes or borders.

Of Quadelhabid, that is to say, the riuer of seruants.

QVadelhabid taking his original among the high and chill moun∣taines of Atlas, and runniug through certaine narrow and vneeuen valleis, holdeth on his course by the confines of Hascora and Ted∣le, and then stretching northward ouer a certaine plaine, falleth at length into the riuer of Ommirabih. In Maie when the snow melteth, this riuer in∣creaseth to some bignes.

Of the riuer of Ommirabih.

THe mightie riuer of Ommirabih issuing also forth of the lofty moun∣taines of Atlas where the prouince of Tedle bordereth vpon the kingdome of Fez, passeth through certain plaines called Adachsun, and being afterward streitned among the narrow valleis, it runneth vnder a stately bridge built by Ibulhasen the fourth king of the Marin family: from thence trending southward it watereth the plaines situate between the regi∣ons of Duccala and Temesne, and lastly disburdeneth it selfe vnder the wals of Azamor into the maine Ocean. About the end of Maye they take great store of fishes in this riuer called by the Italians Lasche, wherwith all Aza∣mur being sufficiently stored, they salt the said fishes and send many ships ful of them into Portugall.

Of the riuer of Buregrag.

BVregrag arising out of one of the mountaines of Atlas, and continu∣ing his course by sundrie vallies, woods, and hils, proceedeth on ouer a certaine plaine, and neere vnto the townes of Sala and Rabat, being the vt∣most frontiers of the Fezsan kingdome, it falleth into the Ocean sea. Nei∣ther haue the two foresaid townes any other port or harbour, but within the mouth of the said riuer onely, which is so difficult to enter, that vnlesse the pilote be throughly acquainted with the place, he is in great hazard of run∣ning his ship vpon the shoulds: which shoulds serue instead of bulwarkes to defend either towne from the fleets of the Christians.

Of the riuer of Baht.

THis riuer issuing foorth of mount Atlas, stretcheth northward by the woods and mountaines, and running among certaine litle hils, disper∣seth it selfe vpon the plaines of the prouince of Azgar, and from thence it falleth into certaine fens, lakes, and moist valleies, where they take great store of eeles, and of the foresaid fishes called Lasche. The inhabitants liue vpon cattell, and fishing, and by reason of the plentie of milke, fish, and butter which they eate, they are much subiect vnto the disease called in Ita∣lian Morphia. This riuer may continually be waded ouer, except it be much increased by abundance of raine and melted snowe.

Of the riuer of Subu.

THe riuer of 〈◊〉〈◊〉 beginneth vpon mount Selilgo, standing in Cheuz, a prouince of the Fezsan kingdome. And it springeth out of a great fountaine in the midst of a vaste and solitarie woode, and runneth by diuers mountaines and hils: from whence extending vpon the plaines, it approcheth within sixe miles of Fez, diuideth in sunder the regions of Ha∣bat and Azgar, and at length about Mahmora, a place not farre from Sala, exonerateth it selfe into the Ocean sea. Into this riuer fall diuers others, two of which, namely Guarga and Aodor, spring out of the mountanes of Gu∣mera, and the residue from the mountaines of the territorie of Teza. And although Subu be a large riuer, yet may it in sundry places be waded ouer, except in winter and the spring, when as it cannot be crossed but in certaine dangerous and small boates. The same riuer also which runneth through the citie of Fez called in the language of that countrey, The riuer of perles, entreth into the foresaid riuer of Subu. This riuer of Subu aboundeth excee∣dingly with fish, and especially with the foresaid fishes called Lasche, which are there of no reckoning. The mouth thereof neere vnto the Ocean sea, being very deepe and broad, is nauigable for ships of great burthen, as the Portugals and Spaniards haue found by often experience: and were not the inhabitants so slothfull, it might vsually and commodiously be sailed vpon: yea, if the corne which is carried by the merchants of Fez ouer land through the region of Azgar, were conueighed by water vp this riuer, it might be solde at Fez for halfe the price.

Of the riuer of Luccus.

LVccus issuing forth of the mountaines of Gumera, and stretching westward ouer the plaines of Habat and Azgar, passeth by the city of Casar Elcabir, and neare vnto Harais a city of Azgar vpon the borders of Habat, dischargeth it selfe into the main-Ocean: in the mouth of this ri∣uer lyeth the hauen of the foresaid city, being very difficult to enter.

Of the riuer of Mulullo.

MVlullo arising out of mount Atlas betweene the cities of Teza, and Dubdu, runneth through the desert and barren plaines of Terrest and Tafrata, and at length exonerateth it selfe into the riuer Muluia.

Of the riuer of Muluua.

THe famous riuer of* 1.2 Muluua taking his originall from that part of Atlas which is situate in the region of Cheuz, about fiue and twentie miles from the citie of Gherseluin, and passing ouer dishabited and drieplaines, as also amidst the deserts of Angad and of Garet, and by the foote of mount Beni Ieznaten, falleth not farre from the towne of Chasasa into the Mediterran sea. This riuer a man may wade ouer alwaies in som∣mer, in the mouth whereof are caught most excellent fishes.

Of the riuer of Za.

THis riuer springing out of mount Atlas runneth through a certaine plaine of the desert of Angad, whereas the kingdomes of Fez and of Telensin confine one vpon an other: which though it be exceeding deepe, yet neuer did I see the water thereof thicke or muddie. It aboundeth with fishes, but the inhabitants being destitute of fit instruments, can not take them, neither indeed be the waters conuenient to fish vpon, bicause they are so cleere.

Of the riuer of Tefne.

THe small riuer of Tefne issuing foorth of the mountaines bordering vpon Numidia, and continuing a northerly course ouer the desert of Angad, falleth into the Mediterran sea, about fifteene miles from Te∣lensin, and it affourdeth nought but a fewe small fishes.

Of the riuer Mina.

THis riuer flowing out of certaine mountaines neere vnto Tegdent, pas∣seth through the fieldes of the citie of Batha, and thence runneth nor∣therly into the Mediterran sea.

Of the riuer Selef.

THis great riuer falling from the mountaines of Guanseris, and descen∣ding through barren plaines to the confines of the kingdomes of Te∣lensin and Tenez, separateth Mezagran from Mustuganin, and then entreth

into the Mediterran sea: in the mouth of which riuer are caught very excel∣lent fishes of diuers kinds.

Of the riuer Sefsaia.

THis small riuer beginning from mount Atlas, passeth ouer the plaine of Mettegia neere vnto Alger, and not farre from the ancient towne of Temendefust dischargeth it selfe into the Mediterran sea.

Of that which is called The great riuer.

THis riuer ariseth out of the mountaines adioining vpon the region of Zeb, from whence running along, it disemboqueth into the Mediter∣ran sea about three miles from Bugia. It ouerfloweth not but in rainie and snowie weather: neither vse the people of Bugia to fish therein, hauing the sea so neere them.

Of the riuer called Sufgmare.

IT springeth out of the mountaines bordering vpon mount Auras, and passeth on through the barren fields vnto the territorie of the citie Con∣stantina, and gliding along by the borders thereof, it receiueth a small riuer; and so holding a Northerly course it falleth into the Mediterran sea about the same place where it separateth the fields of Chollo from the fieldes of the castle called Iegel.

Of the riuer Iadog.

THis small riuer issuing foorth of the mountaines neere Constantina, and stretching by the same mountaines towards the east, disburdeneth it selfe into the sea not farre from the citie of Bona.

Of the riuer called Guadilbarbar.

IT proceedeth out of certaine mountaines adioining vpon the fieldes of the citie called Vrbs, and gliding by the hils and mountaines, it runneth in such a crooked chanell, that such as trauell from Bona to Tunis, must crosse ouer it without either boates or bridges aboue twentie times. And so at length it falleth into the sea not farre from the forsaken port of Tabraca, and about fifteene miles from the citie of Bege.

Of the riuer of Megerada.

THe mightie riuer of Megerada springing foorth of the mountaines neere vnto the citie Tebessa, vpon the borders of the prouince of Zeb, continueth a northerly course, vntill at a place called Gharel

Meleh, fortie miles distant from Tunis it exonerateth itselfe into the Me∣diterran sea. In rainie weather it so increaseth, that trauellers, bicause there are neither boates nor bridges, are constrained to staie two or three daies by the riuers side till it be decreased, especially within sixe miles of Tunis. And hereby you may see how the Africans of these times degenerate both in wit and courage from the ancient Africans, who made the people of Rome to tremble so often at their valour.

Of the riuer of Capis.

IT proceedeth from a certaine southerne desert, and passing through san∣die plaines, falleth into the sea by a towne of that very name. The water thereof is salt, and so hot, that whosoeuer listeth to drinke of it, must set* 1.3 it a cooling for the space of an hower. Thus much concerning the princi∣pall riuers of Barbarie: let vs nowe proceede on to describe the Numidian riuers.

Of the riuers of Numidia; and first of the riuer called Sus.

THe great riuer of Sus flowing out of the mountaines of Atlas, that separate the two prouinces of Hea and Sus in sunder, run∣neth southward among the saide mountaines, stretching into the fields of the foresaid region, and from thence trending west∣ward vnto a place called* 1.4 Gurtuessen, where it dischargeth itselfe into the maine Ocean. In winter time it mightily ouerfloweth, but in sommer it is verie shallow.

Of the riuer of Darha.

THis riuer taking his originall from mount Atlas about the confines of Hascora, passeth southward to the prouince called Darha: from whence proceeding through the deserts, it is dispersed among certaine fieldes and pastures, where bicause of the abundance of grasse, the Arabians feede their camels. In sommer it is so dried vp, that a man shall not wet his shooes in going ouer it: but it so increaseth in winter, that it cannot be passed ouer in boats. And by extreme heate of the sunne the waters thereof prooue bitter.

Of the riuer of Ziz.

THis riuer springing out of the mountaines of Atlas inhabited by the people called Zanaga, and running along by many other mountaines and by the city of Gherseluin, holdeth on his course through the fields of Cheneg, Metgara, and Reteb, and entreth the territorie of the city Segelmesse: from whence it proceedeth by the desert castle of Sugaihila, and beyond the said castle falleth into a lake amidst the sandie deserts, where

no inhabitants are to be found, whither notwithstanding the Arabian hun∣ters vsually resort, for that they finde great store of game there.

Of the riuer of Ghir.

THe riuer of Ghir issuing also forth of mount Atlas, stretcheth south∣ward by certaine deserts, and then passing through the region of Beni∣gumi, transformeth it selfe likewise into a lake in the very midst of the deserts.

Whereas in the beginning of this my discourse, intreating of the diuisi∣on of Africa, I described the riuer called by Ptolemey Niger, it would here be superfluous to make any repetition thereof: wherfore let vs now proceede vnto the description of Nilus.

Of the mightie riuer of Nilus.

THE course of this riuer is in very deed most admirable, and the creatures therein contained are exceeding strange, as namely sea-horses, sea-oxen, crocodiles, and other such mon∣strous and cruel beasts, (as we will afterward declare) which were not so hurtfull either in the ancient times of the Egypti∣ans or of the Romaines, as they are at this present: but they became more dangerous euer since the Mahumetans were lords of Egypt. Meshudi in his treatise of the memorable thinges of his time, reporteth that when Humeth the sonne of Thaulon was lieutenant of Egypt vnder Gihsare Mutauichil the Califa of Bagdet, namely in the yeere of the Hegeira 270. there was a cer∣taine leaden image about the bignes of a crocodile found among the ruines of an old Egyptiā temple, which in regard of the Hieroglyphick characters & constellations engrauen theron, serued instead of an inchantmēt against all crocodiles; but so soone as the saide lieutenant caused it to be broken in peeces, the crocodiles began then to inuade men, and to doe much mis∣chiefe. Howbeit what the reason should be, why the crocodiles betweene Cairo and the Mediterran sea are harmelesse, and those aboue Cairo to∣wards the maine land, should deuoure and kill so many persons, it goeth be∣yond my skill to determine. But, to returne vnto the description of Nilus, it increaseth (as we haue saide) for the space of fortie daies, beginning from the seuenteenth of Iune; and it continueth iust so long time in decreasing. For whereas in the higher Ethiopia it raineth most abundantly about the beginning of May, the course and inundation of the water is hindred all the moneth of May, & some part of Iune, before it can attaine vnto the plaine countrey of Egypt. Concerning the originall fountaine of this riuer, there* 1.5 are manifold opinions, and all of them vncertaine. Some there are which affirme the same to spring out of the mountaines, called by themselues, The mountaines of the moone; and others say that it beginneth vpon certaine

plaines situate beneath the foote of the saide mountaines, and issueth out of sundrie fountaines, being a great way distant one from another. Howbeit the former of these two auouch, that Nilus with great violence falleth down from the saide mountaines into certaine deepe caues vnder the ground, and commeth foorth againe at the foresaide fountaines. Both of which opini∣ons are false: for neuer did any man as yet see where Nilus taketh his origi∣nall. The Ethiopian merchants which resort for traffike vnto the citie of Dancala, affirme that Nilus towards the south is enlarged into such a migh∣tie lake, that no man can perceiue which way the course thereof trendeth: and that afterward being diuided into manifold branches running in seueral chanels, and stretching themselues east and west, it hindereth the passage of traueilers, so that they cannot compasse those intricate windings and tur∣nings. Likewise diuers Ethiopians inhabiting vpon the plaines in manner of the Arabians, say that many of them traueiling fiue hundred miles south∣ward to seeke their camels which were straied away in the heate of their lust, found Nilus to be in all places alike, that is to say, dispersed into manifolde armes and lakes, and that they discouered sundry desert and barren moun∣taines, where the foresaide Meshudi affirmeth emraulds to be found: which seemeth more probable then that which the same author affirmeth concer∣ning sauage men, which wander vp and downe like wilde goates, and feede vpon the grasse of the deserts in manner of beasts. But if I recorded all the fables which our writers report concerning Nilus, I shoulde seeme ouer te∣dious vnto the Reader.

Of the strange beasts and other liuing crea∣tures of Africa.

MY purpose is not in this discourse to make a cōplete history of all the liuing creatures in Africa, but only of such as are either not to be founde in Europe, or such as differ in any respect from those that are founde: And heere I intend to describe in order certaine beasts, fishes, and foules, omitting many things reported by Plinie, who was doubtlesse a man of rare and singular learning, notwithstanding by the default and negligence of certaine authors which wrote before him, he erred a little in some small matters concerning Africa: howbeit a little blemish ought not quite to disgrace all the beautie of a faire and amiable bodie.

Of the Elephant.

THis wittie beast keepeth in the woods, & is found in great numbers in the forrests of the land of Negros. They vse to go many in one cōpa∣ny; and if they chance to meet with any man, they either shun him, or giue place vnto him. But if the Elephant intendeth to hurt any man, he ca∣steth him on the groūd with his long snout or trunk, & neuer ceaseth tram∣pling

vpon him till he be dead. And although it be a mightie and fierce beast, yet are there great store of them caught by the Ethiopian hunters in manner folowing. These hunters being acquainted with the woodes and* 1.6 thickets where they keepe, vse to make among the trees a rounde hedge of strong boughes and raftes, leauing a space open on the one side therof, and likewise a doore standing vpon the plaine grounde which may bee lift vp with ropes, wherewith they can easily stoppe the said open place or passage. The elephant therefore comming to take his rest vnder the shady boughes, entreth the hedge or inclosure, where the hunters by drawing the saide rope and fastening the doore hauing imprisoned him, descend downe from the trees, and kill him with their arrowes, to the end they may get his teeth and make sale of them. But if the elephant chanceth to breake through the hedge, he murthereth as many men as he can finde. In Ethiopia the higher, and India, they haue other deuises to take the elephant, which least I should seeme ouer-tedious, I passe ouer in silence.

Of the beast called Giraffa.

THis beast is so sauage and wilde, that it is a very rare matter to see any of them: for they hide themselues among the deserts and woodes, where no other beasts vse to come; and so soone as one of them espieth a man, it flieth foorthwith, though not very swiftly. It is headed like a camell, eared like an oxe, and footed like a * 1.7: neither are any taken by hun∣ters, but while they are very yoong.

Of the Camell.

CAmels are gentle and domesticall beasts, and are found in Africa in great numbers, especially in the deserts of Libya, Numidia, and Bar∣baria. And these the Arabians esteeme to be their principall posses∣sions and riches: so that speaking of the wealth of any of their princes or gouernors, he hath (say they) so many thousand camels, and not so manie thousand ducates. Moreouer the Arabians that possesse camels, liue like lords and potentates in great libertie, bicause they can remaine with their camels in barren deserts, whither no kings nor princes can bring armies to subdue them. These kindes of beasts are to be seene in * 1.8 all parts of the worlde, to wit, in Asia, Africa, and Europe. And they are vsed in Asia by the Tartars, the Curdians, the Dalemians, and the Turcomans. In Europe the Turkes vse them to carrie burthens vpon, as likewise do all the Arabians in Africa, and the inhabitants of the Lybian deserts; yea kings in their ar∣mies vse camels also, to conueigh their victuals and carriages: howbeit the African camels farre excell them of Asia; for trauailing fortie or fiftie daies togither, without any prouender at all, they are vnladen in the euening, and* 1.9 turned loose into the next fieldes, where they feede vpon grasse, brambles, and the boughes of trees; which hardnes the camels of Asia cannot en∣dure

but when they set foorth any iourney, they must be well pampered and full of flesh. Experience hath taught, that our camels hauing trauailed la∣den fiftie daies togither without any prouender; haue so wasted, first the flesh of their bunches, secondly of their bellies, and lastly of their hips, that they haue scarce beene able to carrie the weight of 100. pounds. But the mer∣chants of Asia giue their camels prouender, halfe of them being laden with wares, and the other halfe with prouender, and so their whole carouan of camels goeth foorth and returneth home laden: by which meanes they keepe them in good plight, and reape double gaines by their labour. Con∣trariwise the African merchants trauailing with merchandise into Ethiopia, bicause they returne emptie, and bring backe with them things of no great weight, so soone as they arriue with their leane and galled camels in Ethio∣pia, they sell them halfe for nought vnto the inhabitants of the deserts. And they that returne into Barbarie or Numidia, need very fewe camels; name∣ly for themselues to ride vpon, for to carrie their victuals, their money, and other light commodities. Of camels there are three kinds; whereof the first being called Hugiun are grosse, and of a tall stature, and most fit to carrie* 1.10 burthens, but ere fower yeeres end they grow vnprofitable: after which time euery camell but of meane stature will carrie a thousand pounds of Italian weight. When any of the saide camels is to be laden, being beaten vpon his knees and necke with a wande, he kneeleth downe, and when he feeleth his load sufficient, he riseth vp againe. And the Africans vse to gelde their camels which they keepe for the burthen, putting but one male camell among ten femals. The second kinde of camels called Becheti, and hauing a double bunch, are fit both to carrie burthens, and to ride vpon: and these are bred onely in Asia. The thirde kinde called Raguahill, are camels of a slender and low stature, which albeit they are vnfit to carry burthens, yet* 1.11 do they so excell the two other kindes in swiftnes, that in the space of one day they will trauell an hundred miles, and will so continue ouer the deserts for eight or ten daies togither with very little prouender: and these doe the principal Arabians of Numidia and the Moores of Libya vsually ride vpon. When the king of Tombuto is desirous to sende any message of impor∣tance vnto the Numidian merchants with great celeritie, his post or mes∣senger riding vpon one of these camels, will runne from Tombuto to Dar∣ha or Segelmesse, being nine hundred miles distant, in the space of eight daies at the farthest: but such as trauell must be expert in the way through the deserts, neither will they demaund lesse then fiue hundred ducates for euery iourney. The saide camels about the beginning of the spring incli∣ning to their lust and venerie, do not onely hurt one another, but also will deadly wound such persons as haue done them any iniury in times past, not forgetting light and easie stripes: and whomsoeuer they lay holde on with their teeth, they lift him vp on high, and cast him downe againe, trampling vpon him with their feete, and in this madde moode they continue fortie daies togither. Neither are they so patient of hunger as of thirst; for they

will abstaine from drinke, without any inconuenience, for fifteene daies to∣gither:* 1.12 and if their guides water them once in three daies, they doe them great hurt, for they are not vsually watred but once in fiue or nine daies, or at an vrgent necessitie, once in fifteene daies. Moreouer the saide camels are of a gentle disposition, and are indued as it were with a kinde of humaine reason: for when as betweene Ethiopia and Barbarie they haue a daies iour∣ney to trauell more then their woont, their masters cannot driue them on, being so tired, with whips, but are faine to sing certaine songs vnto them; wherewith being exceedingly delighted, they performe their iourney with such swiftnes, that their saide masters are scarce able to follow them. At my being in Cairo I sawe a camell dance; which arte of dancing howe he* 1.13 learned of his master I will heere in fewe words report. They take a yoong camell, and put him for halfe an hower togither into a place like a bath∣stoue prepared for the same purpose, the floore whereof is het with fire: then play they without vpon a drum, whereat the camell not so much in re∣gard of the noise, as of the hot pauement which offendeth his feete, lifteth vp one legge after another in maner of a dance, and hauing beene accusto∣med vnto this exercise for the space of a yeere or ten moneths, they then present him vnto the publike view of the people, when as hearing the noise of a drum, and remembring the time when he trode vpon the hot floore, he presently falleth a dancing and leaping: and so, vse being turned into a kind of nature, he perpetually obserueth the same custome. I could here report other matters concerning the same beast, which for breuities sake I omit.

Of the horse of Barbarie.

THis name is giuen vnto the Barbarie horses throughout Italy and all Europe, bicause they come foorth of Barbarie, and are a kinde of hor∣ses that are bred in those regions; but they which so thinke are deceiued: for the horses of Barbarie differ not in any respect from other horses: but hor∣ses of the same swiftnes & agilitie are in the Arabian toong called through∣out all Egypt, Syria, Asia, Arabia Felix, and Deserta, by the name of Ara∣bian horses: and the Historiographers affirme, that this kinde of wilde hor∣ses ranging vp and downe the Arabian deserts, and being broken and mana∣ged by the Arabians euer since the time of Ismael, haue so exceedingly mul∣tiplied and increased, that they haue replenished the most part of Africa: which opinion sauoureth of truth; for euen at this present there are great store of wilde horses founde both in the African and Arabian deserts. And I my selfe sawe in the Numidian desert a wilde colte of a white colour, and 〈◊〉〈◊〉 a curled maine. The most certaine triall of these horses is when they can ouertake the beast called Lant or the Ostrich in a race: which if they be able to performe, they are esteemed woorth a thousand ducats or an hun∣dred camels. Howbeit very fewe of these horses are brought vp in Barbarie, but the Arabians that inhabite the deserts, and the people of Libya bring vp great numbers of them, vsing them not for trauell or warfare, but onely

for hunting, neither do they giue them any other meate but the milke of* 1.14 camels, and that twise euery day and night, to the end they may keepe them nimble, liuely, and of spare flesh; and in the time of grasse they suffer them to feede in pastures, but then they ride not vpon them. But those that the princes of Barbarie bring vp, are not of such swiftnes, but being fedde with prouender, are more beautifull and comely to the eie; and these they vse vp∣on an vrgent necessitie, when they woulde escape the danger of their eni∣mies.

Of the wilde horse.

THe wilde horse is one of those beasts that come seldome in sight. The Arabians of the deserts take the wilde horse and eate him, saying that the yoonger the horse be, the sweeter is his flesh: but he will hardly be taken either with horses or dogs. In the waters where this beast keepeth they lay certaine snares, couering them ouer with sand, wherein his foote being caught he is intangled and slaine.

Of the beast called Lant or Dant.

THis beast in shape resembleth an oxe, sauing that he hath smaller legs and comelier horns. His haire is white, and his hoofs are as blacke as 〈◊〉〈◊〉, and he is so exceeding swift, that no beast can ouertake him, but onely the Barbary horse, as is beforesaid. He is easlier caught in sommer then in winter, because that in regard of the extreme fretting heat of the sand his hoofs are then strained and set awry, by which meanes his swiftnes is abated, like as the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 of stagges & roe-deer. Of the hide of this beast* 1.15 are made shields and targets of great defence, which will not be pierced but onely with the forcible shot of a bullet; but they are sold at an extreame price.

Of the wilde oxe.

IT resembleth the tame oxe, saue that it is lesse in stature, being of a gray or ashe-colour, and of great swiftnes. It haunteth either the deserts, or the confines of the deserts. And the flesh thereof (they say) is very sauory.

Of the wild asse.

THis beast also being found either in the deserts or vpon the borders thereof, is of an ash-colour. In swiftnes they are surpassed onelie by the Barbary horses, and when they see a man, they bray out a loude kicking and wincing with their heeles, and standing stone-still, till one ap∣procheth so near them, that he may touch them with his hand, & then they betake themselues to flight. By the Arabians of the deserts they are caught with snares, and other engines. They goe in companies either when they

feede or water themselues. Their flesh is hot and vnsauorie, and hath a wilde tast: but being set a cooling two dayes after it is sodden, it becommeth very sauory and pleasant.

Of the oxen vpon the mountaines of Africa.

ALl the oxen vpon the mountaines of Africa being tame cattell are of so meane a stature, that in comparison of other oxen they seeme to be but heifers of two yeeres old: but the mountainers, vsing them to the plough, say that they are strong and will indure much labour.

Of the beast called Adimmain.

IT is a tame beast, beeing shaped like a ramme, and of the stature of an asse, and hauing long and dangle eares. The Libyans vse these beasts instead of kine, and make of their milke great store of cheese and butter. They haue some wooll, though it be but short. I my selfe vpon a time being merily disposed, road a quarter of a mile vpon the backe of one of these beasts. Very many of them there are in the deserts of Libya, and but few in o∣ther places: and it is a rare matter to see one of them in the Numidian fields.

Of the African Ramme.

THere is no difference betweene these rammes of Africa and others, saue onely in their tailes, which are of a great thicknes, being by so much the grosser, by how much they are more fatte, so that some of their tailes waigh tenne, and other twentie pounds a peece, and they become fatte of their owne naturall inclination: but in Egypt there are diuers that feede them fatte with bran and barly, vntill their tailes growe so bigge that they cannot remooue themselues from place to place: insomuch that those which take charge of them are faine to binde little carts vnder their tailes, to the end they may haue strength to walke. I my selfe sawe at a citie in Egypt called Asiot, and standing vpon Nilus, about an hundred and fiftie miles from Cairo, one of the saide rams tailes that weighed fower-score pounds, and others affirmed that they had seene one of those tailes of an hundred and fiftie pounds weight. All the fatte therefore of this beast consisteth in his taile; neither is there any of them to be founde but onely in Tunis and in Egypt.

Of the Lyon.

THe 〈◊〉〈◊〉 is a most fierce and cruell beast, being hurtfull vnto all other beasts, and excelling them both in strength, courage, and crueltie, nei∣ther is he onely a deuourer of beasts, but of men also. In some places one Lyon will boldly encounter two hundred horsemen. They range without

all feare among the flocks and droues of cattell, and whatsoeuer beast they can lay holde on, they cary it into the next woode vnto their whelpes: yea some Lyons there are (as I haue before said) that will vanquish and kill fiue or sixe horsemen in one companie. Howbeit such Lyons as liue vpon the colde mountaines are not so outragious and cruell: but the hotter the pla∣ces be where they keepe, the more rauenous and bolde are they, as namely vpon the frontiers of Temesna, and of the kingdome of Fez, in the desert of Angad neere Telensin, and betweene the citie of Bona and Tunis, all which are accounted the most famous and fierce Lyons in all Africa. In the spring, while they are giuen to lust and venerie, they haue most fierce and bloudie conflicts one with an other, eight or twelue Lions following after one Lyo∣nesse. I haue heard many both men and women report, that if a woman chanceth to meete with a Lyon, and sheweth him her priuie parts, he will with crying and roaringe, cast his eies vpon the grounde and so depart. Be∣leeue it they that list. But this I am well assured of, that whatsoeuer a Lyon getteth in his pawes, though it be a camell, he will carrie it away. I my selfe was twise in great hazard to haue beene deuoured of Lyons, but by the goodnes of God I escaped them.

Of the Leopard.

THese beasts liuing in the woods of Barbarie, will not for all their great strength and crueltie hurt any man, vnlesse it be very seldome, when as they meete with a man in a narrow passage, and cannot shun him, or when they are checked and prouoked vnto furie: for then they will flie vpon a man, laying holde vpon his visage with their talents, and plucking off so much flesh as they can catch, insomuch that sometimes they will crush his braines in peeces. They inuade not any flockes or droues of tame cattell, but are at deadly feude with dogs, whom they will kill and deuoure. The mountainers of the region of Constatina hunt them on horsebacke, stop∣ping all passages, where they might escape. The Leopard ranging vp and downe, and finding euery place so besette with horsemen that he cannot get away, windeth and turneth himselfe on all sides, and so becommeth a fit marke for the hunters to discharge their darts and arrowes vpon. But if the Leopard chanceth to escape, that man that lets him passe, is bounde by an vsuall custome to inuite the residue of the hunters vnto a banquet.

Of the beast called Dabuh.

THis beast called by the Arabians Dabuh, and by the Africans Iesef, in bignes and shape resembleth a woolfe, sauing that his legges and feete are like to the legs and feete of a man. It is not hurtful vnto any other beast, but will rake the carkeises of men out of their graues, and will deuour them, being otherwise an abiect and silly creature. The hunters being acquainted

with his denne, come before it singing and playing vpon a drum, by which melodie being allured foorth, his legs are intrapped in a strong rope, and so he is drawne out and slaine.

Of the 〈◊〉〈◊〉-Cat.

THese Cattes are naturally wilde, and are found in the woods of Ethio∣pia. The merchants taking their yoong whelps or kittes, feede them* 1.16 with milke, branne, and flesh, and keepe them in cages or grates. But their odoriferous excrement (which is nought else but their sweat) they gather twise or thrise euery day in manner following: first they driue them vp and downe the grate with a wande, till they sweate, and then they take the saide sweate from vnder their flankes, their shoulders, their necks, and their tailes: which excrement of sweate is commonly called ciuet.

Of the Ape.

OF Apes there are diuers and sundrie kindes, those which haue tailes, being called in the African toong Monne, and those which haue none, Babuini. They are found in the woods of Mauritania, and vpon the mountaines of Bugia and Constantina. They represent the shape of man, not onely in their feete and hands, but also in their visages, and are naturally indued with woonderfull witte and subtiltie. They liue vpon grasse and corne, and go in great companies to feede in the corne fieldes, and one of their companie which standeth centinell or keepeth watch and ward vpon the borders, when he espieth the husbandman comming, he crieth out and giueth as it were an alarme to his fellowes, who euery one of them flee im∣mediately into the next woods, and betake themselues to the trees. The shee apes carrie their whelpes vpon their shoulders, and will leape with them in that sort from one tree to another. Such of them as are taught, will do woon∣derfull feates, but they are angrie and curst, notwithstanding they will soone be appeased.

Of the Conies of Africa.

THere are great store of wilde Conies in Mauritania, and vpon the mountaines of Gumera; which albeit they are accounted wilde, yet in my opinion they seeme tame, for their flesh differeth neither in taste nor colour from the flesh of tame conies.

Of the strange fishes of Africa and first of the fish called 〈◊〉〈◊〉.

THe fish called Ambara, being of a monstrous shape and bignes, is ne∣uer seen but when it is cast vp dead vpon the sea-shore: and some of these fishes there are which containe twentie fiue cubites in length.

The head of this fish is as hard as a stone. The inhabitants of the Ocean sea coast affirme that this fish casteth foorth Amber; but whether the said Am∣ber* 1.17 be the sperma or the excrement therof, they cannot well determine. Howsoeuer it be, the fish may in regard of the hugenes be called a whale.

Of the sea-horse.

THis creature is commonly found in the riuers of Niger and Nilus. In shape it resembleth an horse, and in stature an asse, but it is altogether destitute of haire. It liueth both in the water and vpon the lande, and swimmeth to the shore in the night season. Barkes and botes laden with wares and sayling downe the riuer of Niger are greatly endangered by this sea-horse, for oftentimes he ouerwhelmeth and sinketh them.

Of the sea-oxe.

THe sea-oxe being couered with an exceeding hard skinne is shaped in all respects like vnto the land-oxe; saue that in bignes it exceedeth not a calfe of sixe moneths olde. It is found in both the riuers of Ni∣ger and of Nilus, and being taken by fishers, is kept a long time aliue out of the water. I my selfe sawe one at Cairo led vp and downe by the neck in a chaine, which (they say) was taken at the city of Asna standing vpon the bank of Nilus, about foure hundred miles from Cairo.

Of the Tortoise.

THis might benumbred among the land-creatures, because it liueth for the most part in the deserts. In the Libyan deserts are found 〈◊〉〈◊〉 many as big as a tunne. And Bicri the Cosmographer in his booke of the regions and Iourneis of Africa reporteth, that a certaine man being we∣ry of trauelling, ascended to his thinking, vpon an high stone lying in the desert, to the end he might free himselfe from the danger of serpents and venemous beasts; who hauing slept soundly thereupon all night found him∣selfe in the morning remooued three miles from the place where he first lay downe, and thereby vnderstood that it was not a stone but a tortoise wheron he reposed himselfe, which lying still all the day long creepeth for foode in the night-season, but so slowly, that her pace can hardly be perceiued. I my selfe haue seen some of these tortoises, as big as a barrell, but neuer any so huge as the last before mentioned. The flesh of a tortoise not aboue seuen* 1.18 yeres old being eaten seuen daies together is said to be a perfect medicine against the leprosie.

Of the Crocodile.

THis cruell and noisome beast commonly frequenteth the riuers of Ni∣ger and Nilus, and containeth in length twelue cubites and aboue, the taile thereof being as long as the whole bodie besides, albeit there are* 1.19 but fewe of so huge a bignes. It goeth vpon fower feete like a Lizard, nei∣ther is it aboue a cubite and an halfe high. The taile of this beast is full of knots, and the skin thereof is so exceeding hard, that no crossebowe will en∣ter it. Some praie vpon fishes onely, but others vpon beastes and men. Which lurking about the bankes of the riuer, do craftily lay waite for men and beastes that come the same way, about whom suddenly winding their tailes, they draw them into the water, and there deuour them. Howbeit some of them are not so cruell by nature: for if they were, no inhabitants coulde liue neere vnto the riuers of Nilus and Niger. In eating they mooue the vpper iawe onely, their neather iawe being ioined vnto their breast-bone. Not many yeeres sithens, passing vp the riuer of Nilus towards the citie of Cana, standing in the vpper part of Egypt, fower hundred miles from Cai∣ro, on a certaine night whilest wee were in the midst of our iourney, the moone being ouershadowed with clouds, the marriners and passengers all fast a sleepe, and the barke vnder sailes, I my selfe studying by candle-light in my cabben, was called vpon by a deuout olde man in the barke, who be∣stowed the same night in watching and praier, and saide vnto me, call (I praie you) some of your company, who may helpe me to drawe vppe this peece of woode floting vpon the water, which will serue to morrow for the dressing of our dinner. My selfe sir (quoth I) will come and helpe you, ra∣ther then wake any of our company in the dead of the night. Nay (quoth the old man) I will trie whether I be able to drawe it vp alone or no. And so when the barke was neere vnto the woode, as he supposed, holding a rope in his hande to cast into the water; he was sodainly intangled with a crocodiles long taile, and was in a moment drawen vnder the water. Whereupon I ma∣king a shoute, all the people in the barke arose, and striking sailes wee staide for the space of an hower, diuers in the meane time leaping into the water to seeke the man, but altogither in vaine: and therefore all of them affirmed that he was caught by a crocodile. As we sailed farther we sawe great num∣bers of crocodiles vpon the bankes of Islands in the midst of Nilus lie bea∣king them in the sunne with their iawes wide open, whereinto certaine little birdes about the bignes of a thrush entring, came flying foorth againe pre∣sently after. The occasion whereof was tolde me to be this: The crocodiles* 1.20 by reason of their continuall deuouring of beasts and fishes, haue certaine peeces of flesh sticking fast betweene their 〈◊〉〈◊〉 teeth, which flesh being 〈◊〉〈◊〉, breedeth a kind of 〈◊〉〈◊〉 wherewith they are cruelly tormented. Wherefore the saide birds flying about, and seeing the wormes, enter into the crocodiles iawes, to satisfie their hunger therewith. But the crocodile

perceiuing himselfe freed from the wormes of his teeth, offereth to shut his mouth, and to deuour the little birde that did him so good a turne, but being hindred from his vngratefull attempt by a pricke which groweth vpon the birds head, he is constrained to open his iawes and to let her depart. The shee crocodile laying egges vpon the shore, couereth them with sand; and so soone as the yoong crocodiles are hatched, they crawle into the riuer. Those crocodiles that forsake the riuer and haunt the deserts become venemous; but such as continue in Nilus, are destitute of poison. In Egypt there are many that eate the flesh of the crocodile, and affirme it to be of an excellent taste. His larde or grease is solde very deere at Cairo,* 1.21 and is saide to be very medicinable for olde and cankered woundes. They take the crocodile in manner following; The fishers binding a strong and large rope vnto some tree or poste standing for the nonce vpon the banke of Nilus, fasten vnto the end thereof an iron hooke of a cubite long, and about the thicknes of a mans finger, and vpon the hooke they hang a ramme or a goate, by the bleating noise whereof the crocodile being allured, commeth foorth of the water, and swalloweth vp both the baite and the hooke, where∣withal feeling himselfe inwardly wounded, he strugleth mightily, & beateth the ground, the fishers in the meane time pulling and slacking the rope, till the crocodile falleth down vanquished & dead: then they thrusthim in with certaine dartes and iauelins vnder the shoulders and flanks where his skin is most tender, and so make a quicke dispatch of him. His backe is so harde and thicke, that an harquebuse or caliuer will scarce pierce it. Of these beasts I sawe aboue three hundred heads placed vpon the wals of Cana, with their iawes wide open, being of so monstrous and incredible a bignes, that they were sufficient to haue swallowed vp a whole cowe at once, and their teeth were great and sharpe. The Egyptian fishers vse to cut off the heads, of crocodiles, and to set them vpon the wals of their cities, and so doe hunters vse the heads of wilde beasts.

Of the dragon.

IN the caues of Atlas are founde many huge and monstrous dragons, which are heauie, and of a slowe motion, bicause the midst of their body is grosse, but their necks and tailes are slender. They are most venemous creatures, insomuch that whosoeuer is bitten or touched by them, his flesh presently waxeth soft & weake, neither can he by any meanes escape death.

Of the Hydra.

THis serpent being short in proportion of body, and hauing a slender taile and necke, liueth in the Libyan deserts. The poison thereof is most deadly, so that if a man be bitten by this beast, he hath none other remedie, but to cut off the wounded part, before the poison disperseth it selfe into the other members.

Of the creature called Dub.

THis creature liuing also in the deserts, resembleth in shape a Lizzard, sauing that it is somewhat bigger, and containeth in length a cubite, and in bredth fower fingers. It drinketh no water at all, and if a man poure any water into the mouth thereof, it presently dieth. It laieth egges in manner of a tortoise, and is destitute of poison. The Arabians take it in the deserts: and I my selfe cut the throate of one which I tooke, but it bled a very little. Being flaied and rosted, it tasteth somewhat like a frogge. In swiftnes it is comparable to a Lizzard, and being hunted, if it chanceth to thrust the head into an hole, it can by no force be drawne out, except the hole be digged wider by the hunters. Hauing beene slaine three daies to∣gither, and then being put to the fire, it stirreth it selfe as if it were newelie dead.

Of the Guaral.

THis beast is like vnto the former, sauing that it is somewhat bigger, and hath poison both in the head and taile, which two parts being cut off, the Arabians will eate it, notwithstanding it be of a deformed shape and vgly colour, in which respects I loathed alwaies to eate the flesh thereof.

Of the Camelion.

THe camelion being of the shape and bignes of a lizzard, is a defor∣med, crooked, and leane creature, hauing a long and slender tayle like a mouse, and being of a slowe pace. It is nourished by the element of ayer, and the sun-beames, at the rising wherof it gapeth, and turneth it selfe vp and downe. It changeth the colour according to the varietie of places where it commeth, being sometimes black and sometimes greene, as I my selfe haue seen it. It is at great enmity with venemous serpents, for when it* 1.22 seeth any lie sleeping vnder a tree, it presently climeth vp the same tree, and looking downe vpon the serpents head, it voideth out of the mouth as it were, a long threede of spittle, with a round drop like a perle hanging at the end, which drop falling wrong, the camelion changeth his place, till it may light directly vpon the serpents head, by the vertue wherofhe presently dy∣eth. Our African writers haue reported many things concerning the pro∣perties and secret qualities of this beast, which at this present I do not wel remember.

Of the Ostrich.

SOmewhat we will here say concerning the strange birdes and fowles of Africa, and first of the ostriche, which in shape resembleth a goose, but that the neck and legges are somewhat longer, so that some of them

exceede the length of two cubites. The body of this birde is large, and the winges therof are full of great feathers both white and black, which wings and feathers being vnfitte to fly withall, do helpe the ostriche, with the mo∣tion of her traine, to runne a swifte pace. This fowle liueth in dry deserts, and layeth to the number of ten or twelue egges in the sandes, which being a∣bout the bignes of great bullets, waigh fifteene pounds a piece; but the ostrich is of so weake a memorie, that shee presently forgetteth the place where her egges were laide. And afterward the same, or some other ostriche∣henne finding the said egges by chance, hatcheth and fosterech them as if they were certainly her owne: the chickens are no sooner crept out of the shell, but they prowle vp and downe the deserts for their foode: and before their fethers be growne, they are so swift, that a man shall hardly ouertake them. The ostriche is a silly and deafe creature, feeding vpon any thing which it findeth, be it as hard and vndigestable as yron. The flesh especially of their legges, is of a slymie and strong tast: and yet the Numidians vse it for foode, for they take yong ostriches and set them vp a fatting. The ostri∣ches wander vp and downe the deserts in orderly troupes, so that a far off a man would take them to bee so many horsemen, which illusion hath often dismaied whole carouans. Being in Numidia I my selfe 〈◊〉〈◊〉 of the ostriches flesh, which seemed to haue not 〈◊〉〈◊〉 an vnsauory tast.

Of the Eagle.

OF eagles there are diuers kindes, according to their naturall proper∣ties, the proportion of their bodies, or the diuersitie of their colours: and the greatest kinde of eagles are called in the Arabian toong Nesir. The Africans teach their eagles to pray vpon foxes and woolues; which in their encounter 〈◊〉〈◊〉 vpon the heads of the saide beasts with their bils, and vpon the backes with their talents, to auoide the danger of biting. But if the beast turne his belly vpwarde; the eagle will not forsake him, till she hath either* 1.23 peckt out his eies, or slaine him. Many of our African writers affirme, that the male eagle oftentimes ingendring with a 〈◊〉〈◊〉 woofe, begetteth a dra∣gon, hauing the beake and wings of a birde, a serpents taile, the feete of a woolfe, and a skin speckled and partie coloured like the skin of a serpent. Neither can it open the eie-lids, and it liueth in caues. This monster albeit my selfe haue not seene, yet the common report ouer all Africa affirmeth that there is such an one.

Of the foule called Nesir.

THis is the greatest foule in all Africa, and exceedeth a crane in bignes, though the bill, necke, and legs are somewhat shorter. In flying this birde mounteth vp so high into the aire, that it cannot be 〈◊〉〈◊〉; but at the sight of a dead carkase it will immediately descend. This birde liueth a

long time, and I my selfe haue seene many of them vnfeathered by reason of extreme old age: wherefore hauing cast all their feathers, they returne vnto their nest, as if they were newly hatched, and are there nourished by the yoonger birds of the same kinde. The Italians call it by the name of a Vul∣ture, but I thinke it to be of another kinde. They nestle vpon high rockes, and vpon the tops of wilde and desert mountaines, especially vpon mount Atlas: and they are taken by such as are acquainted with those places.

Of the birde called Bezi, or the hauke.

THis bird called in Latine Accipiter, is very common in Africa. But the best African haukes are white, being taken vpon certaine moun∣taines of the Numidian deserts, and with these haukes they pursue the crane. Of these haukes there are diuers kinds; some being vsed to flie at par∣triges and quailes, and others at the hare.

Of the Bat.

THese vgly night-birdes are rife all the world ouer: but in certaine caues of Atlas there are many of them founde as bigge and bigger then doues, especially in their winges: which albeit my selfe neuer sawe, yet haue I heard of them by diuers persons.

Of the parrat or poppiniay.

THese parrats are commonly founde in the woods of Ethiopia: but the better sort of them, and such as will imitate mans voice more perfectly, are the greene ones. Parrats there are as big as a doue, of diuers colours, some red, some blacke, and some ash-coloured, which albeit they cannot so fitly expresse mans speech, yet haue they most sweete and shrill voices.

Of the locustes.

OF locustes there are sometimes seene such monstrous swarmes in Africa, that in flying they intercept the sunne-beames like a thicke cloude. They deuoure trees, leaues, fruites, and all greene things growing out of the earth. At their departure they leaue egges behinde them, where∣of other yoong locusts breede, which in the places where they are left, will eate and consume al things euen to the very barke of trees, procuring there∣by extreme dearth of corne, especially in Mauritania. Howbeit the inhabi∣tants of Arabia deserta, and of Libya, esteeme the comming of these locusts as a fortunate boading: for, seething or drying them in the sun, they bruise them to powder, and so eate them.

And nowe let thus much suffice to haue spoken of the African beastes,

foules, fishes, serpents, &c. which are either not to be found in Europe, or such as differ from creatures of the same kinde there. Wherefore hauing once briefly intreated in the chapters following of certaine minerals, trees, and fruits of Africa, I purpose then to conclude this my present discourse.

Whereas mine author Iohn Leo intreateth but briefly of these locustes, which God vfeth as a most sharp scourge between times to discple all the nations of Africa; I thought it not vnmeete to adde two other relations or testimonies of the same argument: the one being reuerend in regard of the authors antiquitie; and the other credible and to be accepted, for that the reporter himselfe was a most diligent and faithfull eie-witnes of the same.

Notes

• * 1.1

  Or 〈◊〉〈◊〉.
• * 1.2

  Or Muluia.
• * 1.3

  A riuer of hot and salt water.
• * 1.4

  Or Guart∣guessen
• * 1.5

  Sundry opini∣ons concerning 〈◊〉〈◊〉.
• * 1.6

  The manner of taking elephants in 〈◊〉〈◊〉.
• * 1.7

  Here is a word wanting in the originall.
• * 1.8

  In all parts of the world which the author at that 〈◊〉〈◊〉 knew.
• * 1.9

  The African 〈◊〉〈◊〉 are the best.
• * 1.10

  Three kinds of camels.
• * 1.11

  Camels of a woonderfull swiftnes, other∣wise called Dromedaries.
• * 1.12

  The camels great abstinence from drinke.
• * 1.13

  How the Ca∣mels of 〈◊〉〈◊〉 learne to dance.
• * 1.14

  Morses fedde with camels milke.
• * 1.15

  Targets made of a skin.
• * 1.16

  The manner of gathering ciuet.
• * 1.17

  Amber.
• * 1.18

  A medicine for the leprosie.
• * 1.19

  The craft of the Crocodile in ta∣king both men and beasts.
• * 1.20

  Little birds fly∣ing into the cro∣codiles mouth to picke wormes from betweene their teeth.
• * 1.21

  The manner of taking the cro∣codile.
• * 1.22

  How the came∣lion killeth the serpent.
• * 1.23

  A strange nar∣ration.