The touchstone of complexions generallye appliable, expedient and profitable for all such, as be desirous & carefull of their bodylye health : contayning most easie rules & ready tokens, whereby euery one may perfectly try, and throughly know, as well the exacte state, habite, disposition, and constitution, of his owne body outwardly : as also the inclinations, affections, motions, & desires of his mynd inwardly / first written in Latine, by Leuine Lemnie ; and now Englished by Thomas Newton.

THE SECONDE BOOKE, WHER IN AS IN A GLASSE is plainly and liuelye described the perfecte state and expresse Image of euery particuler Na∣ture: By the vvhich euery man may most readily finde out the very right Constitution, plight, condition, affect and disposition of his ovvne Body.

¶Of a Compounde Complexion. The first Chapter.

COmpounde Complexions, consistinge of two qualities a piece, are in nūber foure, like as y^• symple be: vz, hoat and Moyst: Hoat and Dry: Cold and Moyst: Colde & Drye: vnto whom there be∣long and are appendant so many Humours, dif∣fused into euery parte of the whole body: Bloud, Phlegme, Choler & Melācholie. These, accor∣ding to y^e nature of nourishmēt receyued, are en∣creased or diminished: & suffring chaūg & alterati∣on are easelye one into an other transmuted. And albeit these humours (being of great force diuers wayes, and sondryly affecting the bodye, yea the

wyth fulsome, and vnpleasaunte exhalations and sentes is oftentimes greatly annoyed and encū∣bred, euen as ill & naughtye wyne bringeth to the brayne affects both hurtful and daūgerous) may not be accompted Elementes, neyther are able to constitute any Complexion: yet are they endued wyth Elementall qualitye and vertue, and helpe much to the conseruation & keeping of the whole body in good plight and order.

For as wee see the fyer to be fedde wyth mat∣ter combustible: and Torches, Lynkes, Candles and such like nouryshed wyth Oyle or some other rosennye and fattie substaunce: so lykewise the e∣lementall qualities and all the powers and fa∣culties of nature derpued into y^e vital & sperma∣ticke seede of our Parents, do stande in continu∣all neede of nourishment. For if the body should not be susteyned wyth nourishment, or if the hu∣mours (which moystē euery particuler member) should lack the preseruatyues and fomentations wherewyth they be maynteyned, the whole frame of mans body must of necessity decaye, and be vt∣terly dissolued, and euery part thereof vanishe a∣way into his lyke, whereof it was generated, or into that; whose nature it conteyneth wythin it selfe, whether it do participate with Fyer, Apre, Earth, Water, or drawe neere in nature and be famylier to any of them. They depend mutual∣ly one of an other, and are stedfastly maynteyned by the helpe and stay one of an other. Neyther is there any parte in mans body so small, so vyle

or so abiect, that hath not respect to the comely∣nesse and conseruation of the whole bodye, & doth orderly discharge his due office and proper func∣tion whereunto it was created. And this I would not haue to be onely spoken and ment of y^• vse and vtility of euery of the members & partes seuerally, but also of the humours, which by the helpe of nourishment, do meynteine, supporte and vnderproppe the temperamente and complexion of eche body: and by the helpe of naturall heate, do geeue increase and growth to al the members generally.

For which cause Hippocrates and Galene, not wythout good reason apoint the foure natu∣rall humours (being perfect and pure) the Ele∣ments of Creatures endued wyth bloud: for out of theym commeth a secundarie oryginall of oure procreation. For they mynister matter plenti∣fully, and helpe highly in the breedinge and sha∣ping of the Infante or yonglinge, specially if the body be well ballassed wyth good holesome mea∣tes, and now and then heated wyth a draught of good wyne: for without these, Venus games are perfourmed but faintly & sorilie: which thing see∣meth to be ment by the yong Strypling Chremes in Terence, who being sober beganne to abhorre and loath his harlot and Concubine: but beynge wel whittled in wyne, to take therin gret delight and pleasure, and not scarse able to qualefie him∣selfe from committinge further follie wyth her, as in this Prouerbiall sentence he flatly pro∣fessed.

Take meate and drincke and vvyne avvay. Small is the lust to Venus play.

For the Testicles, Genitories and mem∣bers of generation draw vnto them frō the prin∣cipall mēbers and conuert into Seede, the best & most exquistielye concocted humours. Which seede, hauing 〈◊〉〈◊〉 great store of effectuous & pro∣fitable Spyrit is the worker of heate & of all the other faculties, and in the begetting and procrea∣tion of Children is the chiefe parent and causer. Into it, is a wonderful vertue and diuine power (by Gods good will and appoyntmente) infused, for the shaping and fashioning of the yong Crea∣ture, wythin the mothers wombe: for it produ∣ceth a fruict of seemely & most beautifull worke∣manship, rightly shapen and in ech poynt perfect∣ly proporcioned, if the Seede (wherof it was be∣gotten) do issue from a sound and holesome body: for otherwyse, if the seede be of a diseased, corrupt and infected bodye, the issue and ofspringe cannot choose but be monstruous and deformed.

Somewhat therfore to recreate the Reader & to make this argument more plausible, delight∣full and populer, I will depaint and set downe y^• nature and condition of the Humours that rule and beare sway in mans bodye, because they pro∣duce and bringe forth their lyke qualities. For Bloud is partaker of Hoat and moyste: Choler of hoat and Dry: Phlegme of Cold and moyste:

and Melancholie of Cold and dry. Therefore that Temperament which is Hoate and moyst, may very well be referred to a Sanguine man: Hoat and dry, to a Cholerique: and so forth of the rest: but yet so, that wee confesse the Complexion and temperament of mā not to grow or proceede elsewhere, then of the Elemental qualities, for of thē haue they theyr names & not of y^• Humours.

First therefore there be iiii. Elements, Fyer, Ayre, Earth & Water, which of al things made, are the original beginnings. Next are the Qua∣lities, that is to say, the myxture of Hoat, Cold, Mayst and Dry: of whō, proceede the differen∣ces of Complexions. Last of all, the foure Hu∣mours, whose force and Nature, y^e seede compre∣hendeth and conteyneth wythin it: vnto whom (besyde the qualities which are to it in steede of an Instrumente and not of a woorker) the chiefe cause next vnder God, of the fourmyng and crea∣tion of al y^e parts is truly to be attributed. These holesome humours, to the conseruation of health and mayntenaunce of lyfe are right necessary and profitable. For of them do consist and of them are nourished the entyer parts of all Creatures, and for this cause, so long as a man lyueth, he can ne∣uer want these without great detrimēt & daūger of his health. Notwythstanding according to the course of time and season of the yere, according to the quality of y^e ayre enclosing vs, accordinge to y^e condition of the place where we dwel, and accor∣ding to the nature of ech age, they are encreased or dimynished.

For Bloud being the best of all the humours and endued with heate and moysture, is in his chiefe pryme & force in the Spring season: name∣ly peculier and proper to lustye flourishinge age, which commonly is of a sanguine and ruddie co∣lour, which neuerthelesse wanteth not also in the other Natures.

Phlegme, being like vnto water, is of nature colde and moyst, and taketh his encrease in wyn∣ter, and engendreth diseases like vnto it selfe.

Choler, beinge of qualitie hoate and drye, re∣sembleth tyer, & hath his most force in Sommer, which although in sight and touching, it appeare moyst, and of colour yelowish, like Maluesey, yet in operacion, power and effect, it is hoat & of ar∣dent nature.

Melancholie, not vnlike to Earth, cold & drye, encreaseth and taketh force in Autumne, this is the dryer and grosser part of bloud, and the dreg∣gie refuse thereof.

All these differences of humours, whē a veine is opened (for it is not all pure bloude that gus∣sheth thereout) is plainly of all men to be percey∣ued. First, before it be cold, it doth shewe and re∣present to the eye, an ayrie & fomy Spirit, which by and by vanisheth awaye: then an exact & pure licour of most perfect and excellente ruddynesse, y^• which is pure and right bloude: in which there swymmeth Choler, and sometime toughe clam∣mye Phlegme, sometime liquide and thinne, ac∣cording to the nature, condition and state of mā:

Last of all, if you tourne vp the whole masse or lumpe, you shall finde Melancholie, altogether of colour blacke. And thus euerye humour abun∣dinge in the bodye, bewrayeth it selfe by his owne proper colour: insomuch that sometime y^• bloud that issueth out of the veynes, liquefyeth and is dissolued into Choler or Phlegme, or clottereth & thickeneth into Melācholie, & reteyneth either no colour or very litle of bloud. And if a man were disposed by taste to haue further knowledge in these humours, he maye with his tongue and pa∣late aswell iudge and discerne the relyce and tal∣lage thereof, as he doth their colour by his eye. For Bloud is sweete & in a maner of the relyshe and tast of mylke, because it is much like and of kinne vnto it: Choler is bitter, of the nature of Gall: Phlegme, vnsauery as water, and without all qualitye, so longe as it is not rotten, nor myxt wyth other humours, for then is it eyther salt or sowrishe. Melancholie, is sharpe, eigre•• tarte. These tastes and relyshes there is no mā ••hat perceyueth and feeleth not, when as in vo∣anyting & perbraking hee casteth vp any of them: yea in sweate and euen in the spettle, these tastes are manyfestlye descryed & perceiued: for of these h••••mours they haue & participate their powers & facultyes, and with their qualityes are they en∣dned.

¶Of a Hoate and moyst Complexion: and by the way: of the disposition and na∣ture of a Sanguine man. The ij. Chapter.

HAuing heretofore set downe the descriptiō of symple Complexions and temperatures, which bee so termed, for that they consiste of one onely quality, bearyng swaye and dominion more thē any of y^• rest: by course of my purposed work, I am next to entreate of them that are compoūd.

For in the very beginning and first entraūce of this worke, my promyse and ful intent was to set downe and describe such a Complexion and state of body, as was in euery point perfect and abso∣lute: and to repulfe & keepe away al such harmes and inconueniences as in anye wyse mighte em∣payre, health, or brynge the bodye from his good state into worse case and taking. I haue ther∣fore thought it good here in this place first to in∣serte the temperament that is hoat and moyst: be∣cause it is n••ereste and lykest to the best. For no state of body (sauing onely the best and chiefeste) is better or more commendable then this, nor any that longer prolongeth life, and keepeth backe Didage, so that the same consist and be wythin y^• limittes and compasse of temperatnes, that is, of hoate and moyst. Therfore sithens this state a∣mong al that be compound, is accōpted chiefeste: wee muste stande vppon the discourse ther∣of the more narowly and precysely, and the rather

because sundry Physitiōs make no mo but soure differences, grounding their reasons (and not al∣together painly) y^t it is not possible (as Galene wytnesseth••) that any temperature or distempera∣ture can long continue alone and symple: For so∣much as necessarilye it adopteth and taketh to it an other. For y^• Hoate (consumynge & wastinge moysture) engendreth and bryngeth drynesse: Cold, consuming & wasting nothing, after a sorte encreaseth humour. Semblably, the Dry quality in those ages that a Creature groweth and en∣creaseth, maketh it hoater: but when it decreaseth and draweth towarde decay, it maketh colde and dryeth the solide partes of the body: but the Re∣ceyuers and conceptacles of the humours it fil∣leth wyth excrements, which thing in Oldmen is plainly to be discerned & perceyued, who aboūde and are ful of Phlegme, spitting & spatteringe a•• theyr mouth, w^t their Noses euer dropping and sneuillye.

Which thing later Phisitions (euē of our time) as yet obseruing, reiecting symple temperatures (which notwythstanding may not wel be so shak•• of and forgottē) appoint onely foure, to wit, them that be cōpound: vnto whō they haue geeuen na∣mes (not of their qualities but (somwhat vnapt∣ly) of those cōmonly termed & knowē humours, y^• is to say Sāguine, Cholerique. Phlegmatique, & Melācholique: by y^• squyer & leauel of whō, they wold haue these 4. differēces of cōplexiō or tēpera¦ture, to be reduced & tryed. Which dealīg & reaso∣nīg of theirs, as it sauoreth of populer iudgmēt &

learning to the common sort, very plaussble: so standeth it not with the precise opynion and cen∣sure of them that would haue eche thing skanned and measured in his righte nature and kinde.

In the meane season, I as one desirous to recō∣cyle Physitions thus factiously iarrynge in opy∣nion (and woulde God this vniformitye and at∣tonement were also broughte to passe in matters of Religiō, for the better quieting of many mens Consciences) both parties shall suffer the chiefe place to be assigned and geeuen to y^e hoate and moyst Complexion (excepting alwayes as I said before, the temperatest of all, whereunto as at a marcke we must direct our mynd and leauel our whole matter, that by it euery man may trye his owne nature) which so lōg as it is in his per∣fect strength, vigour & quality, produceth & brin∣geth foorth a Sanguine man.

And thus, there is in a maner no differēce, nei∣ther preiudiciall to anye partye, eyther to call it by the name of a hoate and moyst Complexion, or els by the terme of a Sanguine man: who by the benefite of this holesome humour, conteyneth & hath within him these qualities; albeit Bloud it selfe (for wee will keepe all thinges wythin their prescripte limittes) doth not engender and cause heate and moystnes, but rather heate and moy∣sture produceth Bloud.

Now, Bloud of all iuyces and humours, is y^e best, and to mans life an alimente and maintener chiefly appropriat, famylier and domesticall: for

throughe the force & furtheraunce of vitall Spi∣rite (which is the preseruer, and sēder of natural heate into euery part of the bodye, Bloud is con∣ueighed by the cunduytes and Vesselles of y^e Ar∣teryes and Veynes, & so both nourisheth, main∣teyneth and preserueth the whole body.

And for that, this pure, cleare, defecate, looue∣ly and amyable Iuyce, is the special thing y^t con∣serueth euery lyuinge Creature in his beynge, & wherein also consisteth the lyfe and vigour of e∣uerye nature that lyueth by breath: therefore the Hebrew Lawmaker Moses, by the direction and appointmente of God himselfe, forbadde all ma∣ner of bloud to be eatē, because y^e lyfe of al Crea∣tures cōsisteth in bloud, & is therwyth nourished and mainteyned euen as the flame of a Candle is with the Oylie weeke: as it plainly appeareth, by a man that bleedeth verye much, whose bodye is then in euery part cold, wanne & (for want there∣of) fayntinge, and in a maner readye to geeue vp the Ghost. I haue knowen many, whose vitall spyrite bleedinge out and yssuinge together wyth their bloud, haue been thereby brought into great daunger of their liues. And therefore this trea∣sure of Lyfe, must moste carefullye be conserued, because it is of all Humours the most excellent & wholesome.

Nowe, as the Arteries (which abounde more wyth vitall spyrite then wyth bloud) spring from the heart: so, the Veynes (which conteyne more bloud then ayrie spyrite,) proceede and spryng frō

the Lyeuer, and are dispersed abroad in brauches and fibres into euerye, yea the verye furtheste places of the body. For the Lyuer is the shoppe and chiefe workemaster of grosse & thicke bloude, althoughe the first oryginall thereof be ascribed to the Heart, by whose power & faculty the bloud is made and throughly wrought: & being endued wyth vitall spyrite, conueigheth naturall heat to eche part of the body.

Bloud and vital Spyrite are in their chiefest Pryme and most abound in lusty and flourishing yeares, albeit there is no age y^t lacketh the same: although in old worne age, bloud begynneth to draw to a coldnes, & the vital spyrit, then neyther so hoate, neither so stronge and effectuous: which thinge as it is in them well to bee obserued and perceyued by their frequente gestures and often moouing of the body and the partes thereof: yet specially maye it be seene & noted by their colour, which in a yonge lusty Stryplyng and youthfull body of good constitution is ruddy and fresh: but in them that be further stryken in yeares, or fur∣ther of from this temperamente, is not so pure, so beautifull, nor so pleasaunt to behold, for that, all their comelynesse & beauty is eyther faded awaye, or throughe some euill humours, and hidden im∣perfection or blemishe appeareth in them worse then in the yonger sort.

So, many being affected or distēpered in their Splene, wombe, Lyuer, ventricle and Lunges, are commonly either pale, yelow, tawnie, dunne,

duskie, or of some other ill fauoured colour.

There is no surer way (sayth Galene) certainly to knowe the humours and iuyce in a Creature, then by the colour and outward complexion. If the body loke very whyte, it is a token y^t phlegme in that body, chiefely reigneth & most aboundeth. If it be pale or yelow, it argueth the humour to bee greatly Melancholique and Cholerique, and the bloude to be freshe and reddye: if it be blac∣kish, it betokeneth blacke adust Choler, specially if no outwarde accidentall occasion happen, as great heate or chafing, labour or wearynesse: or if the mynde bee not intoxicate, and perplexed wyth affectes and passions, as Angre, Ioye, Sorow, Care, pensyuenes: for these make the humours sometyme to resort vnto the skynne & vtter parts, and sometime to hyde and conueyghe themselues farre inwardly: and for this cause, wee see men y^• are fumish and testy to be in a marueylous heat, proceeding not of any sticknesse or discrasse but of ▪the motion and stirring of the humours: againe, them that be affrighted and in mynde amazed, to be pale. Some to loke as wanne as Lead, some whyte and swartie, sometyme blewyshe, sometime of sondrye colours: all which betoken crude hu∣mours and raw iuyce to beare rule and swaye in the bodye, eyther of phlegme, glasselyke & toughe, or of some other sort, or els many rottē humours clamped vp in y^• bodye, which by outward tokēs and signes bewray & shew themselues what they be, and what they signifie.

They therefore that be of a hoate and moyst con∣stitution, and haue greate store of bloude wythin theim, are of a purple and reddie coloure, softe, warme and smooth skinned: comely of stature, & of reasonable feacture, fleshye bodyed, and a little roughe, aburne heyred, redde or yealow bearded, and comely bushed: of which feac••ure, plight and bodely shape the Scripture witnesseth that Da∣uid was: who beyng (after that Saule was cast of and reiected) appointed King, and onnoy••ted by Samuel, was of a brownish Complex••ō, excellent beauty, well fauoured in sight, and 〈◊〉〈◊〉 ••••tenaūce very cheerefull and amyable. Such a comety grace and Princelye shape, was to be scene in the moste victorious Prince Philip Kinge of Spayne, and souereigne Ruler of all the lowe Countreyes, his Grace being heere wyth vs the last yeare at Zickzey outwardly arguyng in him a most myld nature and a mynde most vertuously disp••sed.

There be yet manye other notes, markes, and tokēs appertayning to this Constitucion, which a man may not alwayes safely truste vnto as in∣fallible, because they suffer alteration and chaūge by age, and yeares, yea almost in euery momente of tyme: but yet so, that by them appeareth al∣wayes certayne and vndoubted tokens, that the state of the same bodye aforetime hath beene and was in this ryght good case, plight & constitutiō, albeit now altered or perhaps clene decayed. For as greate, huige and sumptuous houses, beynge

falne downe and decayed, shewe euidently by the ruynes and delapidations therof, of what huge∣nesse and magnificence they earst were, howe cu∣rious and busye the frame was, howe skilful and industrious the Architecte and workeman was: so in a laudable state, Constitution and habite of body, which is decayed and faded from his for∣mer disposition, there appeare certayne reliques, notes, and tokens of the good temperament that aforetime was in the same. Albeit sometime through greeuous sicknes or by some great mys∣fortune and outward calamity, mans nature is so frushed and damped, that al the vigour of the bo∣dy, all the beauty, comelynes and shape thereof is nypped and cleane abolyshed, like a goodly fayre buildyng that is eyther by tempeste shaken & bat∣tered, or by mysfortune of fyer vtterly burnte and wasted. Thus, feare, astonment, sodaine a••∣frighting, the dread of daungers or death sodain∣ly threatened, do so wast and destroy the powers, forme, shape and beauty, and so cleane altereth some mē frō that they were afore, as though they had neuer bene the same.

Whereof there happened in our tyme a no∣table and straunge example in a yong Gentleman of noble byrthe and Parentage. Who in the Court of the late Emperour Charles they farre ouershooting himselfe, wythout regard of dutye, remorse, or reuerence of the place, had carnallye defloured a certayne yong Gentlewoman, whom he loued exceedingly: which fac•• to be perpetra∣ted

vpon the bodyes of yonge Ladyes, and noble virgins, is accompted a thinge most haynous, & punishable by death, yea although no force be of∣fered to the damosell: and although by secrete cō∣sent and apparant likelyhoodes she greatly seeme not to ret••••t an amorous suite to her, in such sort tendered. This Gentleman therfore was cōmit∣ted to pryson, lookynge the next day folowinge to be executed & put to death. For this is narow∣ly loked vnto, y^• no••e presumyng or daring to cō∣mit any such villanie, or to distein the Honour of the Princes Court w^t such lewd & filthy polluti∣on, shal escape scotfree or go away vnpunished, ac¦cording to the greatnes of those his wilful & libi∣dinous demerites. Languishyng all y^• nighte in great perplexitye, griefe, agonie & sorowe, & al the while conceyuyng inwardly in mind, the terrour & dread of death so neere approchīg, he was so al∣tered and chaunged, that at his arreignment the next day, none of his owne famyliar acquaintāce, neyther yet the Emperour himselfe could knowe him. So much had the horrour of death & the de∣spayre of any pardon win fewe houres pallifyed his colour, and altered the state of his former cō∣stitution. All his beauty, comely shape & fresh cō∣plexion was (as it were) so faded and exiled, his face so incrediblie dis••nowledged, his colour (of fresh & cleare) turned into wan, swartye, & death∣like, his countenaunce to behold, loathsome & vg∣lie, his head couered ouer (w^t graye heyres, (farre vnmeete for those yeres) his beard sluttish, dryue∣ling

& filthy, w^t spattering sneuel deformed. The Emperour earnestly fixing his eye vppon him & suspecting him not to be the self same man which had committed the fact, mistrusted that some o∣ther person had beene put in his place: whereup∣pon he commaunded present search to be made, & y^• matter to be throughly boulted out, whether it were the selfe same party or no, and whether his hoare heyres and gray beard, were counterfeited by some confectioned oyntments, (artificially for the nonce coloured) or no. But the matter being found true and plaine, and no deceipte nor colou∣red collusion therein vsed: his Maiestie was at the sight therof so astonned: that his former reso∣lution and purpose to haue the saide Gentleman punished, was now tourned into compassiō ouer his pytifull case, and iudging him to haue alrea∣dye suffered punyshment suffycient, pardoned him hys lyfe and remitted his offence.

The honourable, Nicholas Mychault of Inde∣uelda, a Gentleman in great fauour wyth hygh Prynces, & of all Noblemen worthylie esteemed, demaunding of mee on a tyme, sitting at the ta∣ble, the cause of thys so straunge and sodayne chaunge: I aunswered, that y^e very cause there∣of proceeded of nothinge els then of his extreeme feare, and vehement thinking vpon that daunger wherewyth he saw himselfe distressed: the remē∣braunce and cogitation whereof searched the ve∣ry innermost Senses in his body. For that trou∣ble & affection so neerely touched him and so gre∣uously perplexed his mynd, y^• al vital heat & spyrit

was in him in a maner vtterly extincte, whereby eche part of the body, streightwayes altered and chaūged frō the fresh & comely colour which they had before, into an vglie and vnsightly habite: in∣somuch that the rootes of the hayres (which he y^• vaporous humyditie that lyeth within the skinne be nourished and preserued fresh in colour) when the same humydity fayleth, and in place thereof a cold & dry quality reigneth, do drye vp and cleane lose their former ••atyue Complexiō and colour: euen as grasse, that wantinge the moystnes of the earth to cōfort it, cānnot but wyther & patch away. For euen as the Leaues of Trees, & the braū∣ches of greene (Vynes seruing to defend y^• gra∣pes from the iniury of weather) are by extremy∣ty of heate, hayle, rayne, and Northren blastes, (which sometime blusterouslye blowe in the Sō∣mer season) altered from a pleasaunt greene ver∣dure into a yealowysh tawnie colour: So lyke∣wyse the natural Complexion, Iustynesse, and shape of the body, drowpeth and decayeth, and the hayres (which of thēselues are no part of y^• body, but an appentise, superfluitye and ornamente to the body) lackinge the strength and humyditye y^e nourisheth them, become hoarye and graye longe before their due time: which thinge wee see com∣monly happen to all those that spende their time in the warres or in daungerous traueyles on the Sea, or which bee much troubled & visited with sicknesse, wherein is a certaine ymagination of

verye death in their myndes. For they remember and looke for nothing els, they thinck vppon no∣thing somuch when they stand in battayle array, ready at the sound of the Trompet to ioyne with the Enemye, and to try it out by dent of sworde, but euen there presently eyther to slay or be slaine, makinge accompte thence neuer to escape aliue: vnlesse peraduenture they be such, as wyth longe custome haue so hardened and enured theyr min∣des in many lyke daungerous bruntes, that they neyther feare death nor care for daunger. Of which sort we see sondry old beatē Souldiours, and such as haue been long and throughly expe∣rienced in many a sharpe storme vpon the raging Sea.

Of such force is a throughly settled ymagina∣tion (as by many Argumentes elsewhere I haue declared) that a woman at the time of her con∣ception, stedfastly fixing her ymagination vppon any thinge, deryueth & enduceth certayne markes and tokens thereof into the Infant: which thinge is well ynough knowen to happen also vnto mē, that ardentlye & earnestly fixe theyr imaginatiōs and thoughtes vppon any thing. And thus, did the cōtemplation of Christ, nayled on the Crosse, imprinte certayne strakes, stampes, and marks, vppon the handes and feete of S. Frauncis, if (at leastwise his religious sectaryes, fautours, & fol∣lowers deserue herein any credit:) for y^e Images and Pictures in his name & resemblaunce made and enthronyzed in Churches, holding his hāds

stretched out and open, are carued of such fashiō, and shew him to haue been such a one.

In what perplexity, distresse, agonie and feare our Sauiour Christ was, euen by this to euery man euidently appeareth, that, he fixing his mind vppon the instant daunger wherein he presently stoode, and as it were before his eyes beholding his death now imminent and at hand, the sweate trickeled downe his body to y^e groūd lyke drops of bloude. For the terrour and feare of death, deepely sinking into a mās imagination, is farre more greeuous & terrible then death it selfe: for many haue theyr Senses so astonnyed & benum∣med, y^• death happeneth vnto them w^tout any fee∣ling of paine at all, as they y^• dye of y^e Apoplexie, or drowsie Euill, or such as fall into traunces, whom the beholders cannot perceiue to feele any maner of paine, but to synck down, fallyng (as it were) into a sleepe or slumber.

And thus, in daungerous aduētures and pe∣rilles hazarded by Sea and lande (which to the eyes and mynd represent a very Image of death) there is no man but feeleth in himselfe motions of feare, and looketh pale vpon the matter, for y^•, his bloud at the sight of such dreadfull extremy∣tie, recuyleth and fleeth into the innermost partes of his body. For when as all the parts of the bo∣dy be forsaken of theyr vitall iuyce, there is none of them that throughlye and well executeth his righte function and office: the feete stagger and stumble, the eyes dazzel, the lustynesse of the mind

drowpeth and is dulled, the cheeks seeme flaggie and hanging downe, the tongue stammering and the teeth gnashing and whetting.

His hayres for feare stand staring vp, his tongue is tyed fast.

There is no man (be he neuer of so constant & stout a heart) but is at one sodayne chaunce or o∣ther appaulled, & therewith shrinketh in courage: but yet so, that straight wayes abandoning feare, and ankoring his firme trust vppon God, he eft∣sones recouereth his courage, and banyshing da∣stardly feare, remayneth constant & vnterryfyed: And if y^e case so stand those imminent daun∣gers be not conueniently to be auoyded, coura∣giously and stcutly obiecteth himselfe to the push of any hazards, with vnappaulled stomacke go∣ing through stitch wyth his purpose.

Therefore, there is no creature lyuinge by breath, vnto whom death is not dreadfull and terrible, because it bringeth destructiō and vtter dissolution vnto all: vnlesse onelye to suche whose myndes bee stupefyed and their Senses blunted and vnperfecte: as, olde decrepite persons, yong Infantes, fooles, Madmen and Rauers, which haue no remembraunce or cogitatiō of any thing that is fearefull and formidable, neyther feele anye payne and griefe, as others, whose brayne is firme and sounde, and theyr Anymall

faculty perfect do: but specially (as I sayd be∣fore) they that are oppressed wyth the Lethargie, Apoplexie or in Traunces & sownings w^t do as it were by litle & litle cloase their eyes, and seeme as though they fell into a gentle slumber without feeling any payne at all.

The effect of this my ouerlong discourse ten∣deth to this end, that although there be in the bo∣dy of man many goodlye furnitures, and in the mynde sondry excellent ornamentes, yet notwith∣standing, the life of man is subiect euery where & in all places to innumerable casualties, mysse∣happs and inconueniences, and is on ech syde be∣set & torne in peeces wyth suche a number of my∣seryes and byrecknyngs, as euery way weaken and appayre the perfecte vigoure and lustye state thereof. But if no myschaunce or harme as∣sault the same, it may in good case & temper many yeares continue: as by frugality, holesome diet, & orderly qualification of all affections: insomuche that euen till the yeares of decrepicie, there doe appeare the tokens and markes, of a righte good Constitucion and habite: which thinge is mani∣festlye to bee seene by some that in Oldage are as lusty, and haue their wittes as freshe and youth∣lyke, and their bodyes not so barreine, vnactiue & fruitlesse, as many Yong men haue.

Now, forasmuch as the lustly and full growen age of Adolescencie, doth consiste in a tempera∣ment of hoate and moyst, continuyng in a maner for the most part in a moderate meane of equabi∣lity,

and perfourming all his actions throughlye and inculpablye, so also as touchinge the maner and order of Sleepe, it keepeth such stinte and measure as is not greatly to be mysliked. For their Sleepe is quiet and nothing troublesome, nor disturbed with any distemperaunce or night∣lye vanityes. For the brayne is moystened and refreshed with a sweete pleasaunt vapour, so that the mynde thereby is not troubled with any ma∣ner of absurde annoyaunces, but onelye the la∣bours, exercyses and deuyses of the daye, and the needefull cares for the dailye mayntenaunce of this life: the perfourmaunce whereof resteth and apperteyneth for the daye to accomplish.

These doth the mynde and imaginatiue parte of man deuyse and studye vpon, toward mornyng, after a man hath slept his deade or sounde sleepe: which is so quietly done, that therein is no phā∣tasticall dreamyng. And if the mynde and spyrite do then reuolue and debate in dreame anye other straunge or vnaccustomed thing, then onely suche as falleth out for the day to consider vppon, the same (certes) signifyeth abundaunce of ill Hu∣mours to be pestered within the bodye, causinge the troubled spyrites to sende manye confused y∣maginations and vaine foolishe visions vp into the chiefe Castle of the mynde: and of such sonde dreames to interprete, or prognosticate any euent or happe of future thinges to depend, or rashlye to gather any signification or meaninge, is chil∣dishe, vayne, wicked, and superstitious, as the

Scripture plainly & flatly witnesseth. Notw^tstā∣ding, sometimes dreames (such I meane as are sent heauenly suggestion) happen not without some diuination and infallible presage or fore∣sight of things to come. For our heauenlye fa∣ther vseth now and then to admonish and awake our drowsy myndes and retchlesse natures, lay∣ing before vs in visions and dreames somewhile good and holesome, sometime ill and lamentable happes, thereby to try, whether yet at length wee will be obeysaunt to his admonitions or shryncke asyde and refuse the lore of his prescriptions and commaundmēts. For many being hoodwinked and bewitched wyth the tryfling doctrine and fri∣uolous traditions of mans inuention, reiecte and forsake the pure and cleare founteyne that perpetually yeldeth most aboūdant store of the e∣uerlasting water of lyfe, and seeke after ryuers that are dryed vp (and as Hieremie termeth it) digge to themselues Cesternes and broken pitts that can holde no licour or drop of holesome do∣tryne. That worthy constante, and throughlye tryed Souldiour Iob, bemoaneth his owne case, offirming that in the nighte season hee was sore disquieted with troublesom dreames and dread∣full vysions. For the nature & office of Sleepe, being nothinge else then a mitigation of labours & a quiet surceassing (for the time) frō toyle, and a refreshinge of the bodye, with the busy cares and dealings of the day before wearied: from these ca∣res & troubles, did not his Sleepe in the nighte

disburden and ease him, but rather encreased and doubled the same: that his minde still remayning terryfied with dreadful dreames and apparitiōs. For thus doth he reason with himself, and these complaints doth he vtter in that his worthy dia∣logue or rather Tragicomicall discourse: If I thincke to my selfe, that my bed d•• shall comfort mee and mitigate my griefe, and that I shal haue some ease and refreshing vppon my Couch, then troublest thou me vvith dreames and makest me afrayed throughe visions, insomuch that I vvishe for death, to come and make an end of al my so∣rovves.

As touching the inwarde notes of this com∣plexioned body and his inclination of mynde (for a man ought in ech point and respect throughlye to be viewed and considered) a hoate and moyste quality incident to bloude, produceth in men di∣uerse natures, and accordinge to the more or lesse mixture of other humours, frameth in them son∣dry maners and diuers dispositions. They that be meere Sanguine, and haue none or very litle Melancholy or Choler mixed therwyth (as most neerelye approchinge to the nature and Sense of brute beasts) are commonly doltes and fooles, or at least, not greatly cumbred wyth much witte. For sythēs (as Galene sayth) sharpnes & finenes of wit cōmeth of Choler, Constācy and stedfast∣nes of Melancholie, & Phlegme to the framynge and disposinge of the maners, helpeth nothing, neyther standeth in anye steede: it remayneth

then, that simplicity and foolishnes proceedeth of Bloud. Thus are yong Cattell (which in com∣paryson of the elder ones, haue greate stoare of Bloude) for the most part (as wee see) foolishe, sotlike and bettleheaded: as Kyddes, Calues, yonge Sheepe, Lambes, young wyeld Kidds or Roebuckes, yong Kyttons, and the yonge of all other dumme Creatures besyde: and amonge Men, the neerer that any one approcheth to the nature of brute Beasts, the more lyke vnto them in maners and conditions is hee. Which thing any y^t is but meanely skilled in Natures works, may easely iudge and discerne, euen by certayne significations of theyr eyes and countenaunce: eche of which is as a glasse wherin to behold, and whereby to discouer the inward affections of the mynde.

In many men there is a greate resemblance & affynitie in nature wyth other Beastes, and the further that these digresse from the puritie of tē∣perament, the lesse sway in them beareth Reason, Iudgment, Vnderstanding, willingnes to doe good, Wysedome, and discretion: to be short, they are partakers of all those things that are commō to Beasts.

And thus, there bee many which eyther for lack of good educatiō, or through this deprauatiō of Nature, degenerate into Beastes, and in all their actiōs in one poynt or other, resemble them in conditions. Many, like Wolues are bloud∣suckers, extortioners & raueners: Many like

••••erce, cruell, outragious and terrible, lyinge in wayte to sheede bloud, and hunting theyr bro∣ther to death. As the Prīce vvil, so sayth the Iudge. Lykewyse sayth Ezechiel: Iehoakim is become a Lyō, vvhich hath learned to spoyle & deuour folk to make vvidovves, destroy their houses, & make their Cities desert. Some be as foyinge, gestu∣rous, and counterfe••cting of any thing by ymita∣cion as Apes. Some Forlyke, are suttle, wy∣lie, deceiptfull, and crafty to entrappe and catche the innocent at aduauntage. And in lyke sorte, there be others, which resemblyng the nature and conditions of other beastes, and degeneratinge from theyr integrity and excellencie humaine, ey∣ther degenerate quite into Beasts, or at least be∣come much lyke vnto them. As for Childrē & yonge Stryplinges aboute 14. or 15. yeares of age or vnder, by reason that theyr bloude is pure and ful of swelling spyrit, are still styrring, quick, nymble, actiue, wanton, vnmodest, malapert, sau∣cie, proude, wythoute wit, and much giuen to toy∣ing and playinge: for wee see them as wanton as Calues, that is to say, in mowyng w^t theyr mou∣thes, in voyce, gesture, becks, clapping of hands, light songes, vayne ioyfulnes, where there is no cause, immoderate myrth, disordered fysking Vp & downe, and vncertayne motion & gate: all which do signify a shuttle waueryng nature, & a mynde subiect to great mutability and vncōstancy, pro∣cedyng and caused of the boyling of theyr bloude wythin them, which boyleth vp, & as it were see∣theth

in theyr V••ynes, euen as new Wyne, Ale, or Beere spurgeth and worketh in the Tunne.

Hereuppon the Netherlanders and Lowe Duchmen, haue deuysed certayne prouerbial ter∣mes, wherewyth they are wonte commonlye to quippe those yonge princockes and lustye gal∣lantes whom they see ouerioyed or toofarre gone in wanton iolity, makynge themselues as ridicu∣lous and iestyng stockes to the whole companye. Neyther are they incited to these immoderate pleasures through reason or auy well stayed dis∣cretion, but by impotencie of mynde and wylfull affection, digressing and swaruyng from mode∣stye, temperaunce and moderacion: y^• lack wher∣of googleth theyr vnstayed heades, and caryeth them into many inordinate pranckes of childishe insolencie. They also bewraye theyr owne vn∣constancie and vnstayed mynds by much shaking of their heads, and continual playing and toying wyth theyr handes and feete, insomuch that some accompt them no better then starke mad, or per∣sons distract of their right wittes. Neyther do they sind themselues occupyed in any earnest matter that is to any good purpose, neyther shew they forth eyther in woordes or deedes any piece of wysedome, but vndecētly for theyr age, & lasci∣uiouslye retourne vnto their boyishnes agayne, whereas meeter it were in respect of theyr time passed, nowe to fall to some thryft, and to frame theyr lyfe after the prescription of some good or∣der.

Hereuppon doe wee vse a Prouerbiall simili∣tude taken of the nature and conditions of yonge Calues, which in the Sprynge tyme of the yeare (in y^e greene pastures, when theyr bellyes be ful) skippe and leape vp and downe, wantonlye and toyingly fysking and iumpynge, now this waye, nowe that waye, nowe rounde about, one whyle raysing themselues vppon the forefeete, an other∣whyle vpon the hynder Leggs: whose maners & fashyōs, such yōg youthes as in their daily order of lyfe do imitate and resemble, are sayde in la∣tine vitulari, which is, to bee as wanton and toy∣ing as a yonge Calfe: or not to haue shedde all theyr Calues teeth: or that theyr Iawes ytche with Caluishe wantonnes:

The Booke of Wysedome (fathered and as∣scrybed vnto Salomon sayth: Spuria vitula∣mina nō agent radices altas, nec stabile fun∣damentum collocabunt: Bastarde Slippes shal take no deepe rootes nor laye any fast foundati∣on.

By these Phrases of speach, we meane that wil∣full and vnruly age, which lacketh rypenes and discretion, and (as wee saye) hath not sowed all theyr wyeld Oates, but as yet remayne withoute eyther forcast or consideration of any thinge that may afterward turne them to benefite, playe the wanton yonkers, and wilfull Careawayes. Seyng therfore y^t Adolescencie and youthful age

consisteth in a constitucion of Hoat and moyst, & is fuller of bloud then anye other: it is to this place therefore namely and specially to be refer∣red. Neither can any plighte or Complexion of the body more aptly be applyed vnto it, then this: for all the qualityes, fashions and marks of this Age and State, agree thereunto. Which thing I see was well obserued by Horace in his de∣scription of the Nature & inclination of youthful Age, where he sayth:

A youthfull beardlesse Strypling, voyde and free from Tutours checke, VVith Horse and Hound doth raunge the fields, and braue himselfe doth decke. To vyce he pliant is as vvaxe: to them that vvishe him vvell And vvarne him for his ovvne auayle, rough, churlish, sharpe and fell. A slender Husband for himselfe, a vvaster of his gold, High mynded, rashe, presumptuous, in loue soone hoat, soone cold.

And if they happen to lyncke themselues in companye wyth anye lewde Counsellours (as in this slypperie and daungerous age commonlye is seene) theyr fickle heades, & flingbrayned wits be easelye allured and drawen into follye, and to pursue that waye which is worste. For beynge now in theyr most wilfull age, and standing vp∣pon

the most doubtful and daungerous poynt of al, betweene vertue and vyce, lacking experience, and voyde of all good aduyse and counsel, & misse∣led by the peeuish allurements of theyr associats, they runne for the most part headlong vnto that which they see the common multitude embrace, & are readye to slyde into that trade of lyfe which of all other is worst and most pernicious.

Greene heades in greatest daunger are, in doubtfull choyse they stand, And hange in Ballaunce of deuyse vvhat trade to take in hand.

But if (in lieu of these) they harken and geeue good care to the holsome admonitions of some faythfull and vertuous Tutour, and by his pre∣scription frame the order of theyr lyfe and con∣uersation in theyr tender yeares (for in this Age is Stuffe, matter, and towardnes, both good and excellent, if good education do polishe, and a skilfull workeman haue it in handling) no doubt they are to be broughte to much goodnesse. For such is the force and power of bloud in mans bo∣dy, specially when throughe accesse of age it gro∣weth to heate, and dailye more & more encreaseth in vitall spyrite, that it causeth a promptnes of mynde, quicknesse in deuyse, and sharpenesse in practyze, which by dailye vse & exercyse atteyneth in thend to wysedome, knowledge and experience of many things. And thus by the benefite of na∣ture

and good bringinge vp, it is broughte to passe that they be garnished wyth many excellent giftes of the mynde, and throughe a readye vtte∣raunce in the discourse of matters, bee to theyr Countrey a greate staye and ornament.

And althoughe hoate and drye natured men (which are the Cholerique) be right well furni∣shed and skilfull in perfecte vtteraunce, vehe∣mence of speach and readynesse of tongue: yet is there not in them such waighte of woordes and pythynesse of Sentences, neyther can they so well rule their owne affections, because in theyr rea∣sonynges and discourses they be very earnest and hastye. And this in such persons is not onelye by the pronunciation of their woordes, but al∣so by their swyft gate and hastye pace, easye to be perceyued.

This difference also is betweene them, that the Cholerique are bitter taunters, dry bobbers, nyppinge gybers and skornefull mockers of o∣thers, but the Sanguine nothinge giuen that waye, meddle not at all wyth such dogge elo∣quence, neyther vse to hit men ouer the thummes wyth any such figuratyue flowtes, whereat ma∣nye men are commonlye as heynouslye offended, and take the matter in as greate snuffe, as they would, to be Crowned wyth a Pyssebolle: but they be pleasaunt and curteous natured, meerye

without scurrility, and ciuill without fylthy ry∣bauldrye, behauinge themselues orderlye in all companyes, cumbersome and odious to none, but delightfull and welcome to all.

But if it happen that Bloude bee alayed or myngled with other Humours, and by course of Age to become hoate, as namely if it bee mixed with yelowe Choler, wherewyth the Humours are stirred vp, or to participate with anye other Humoure whatsoeuer: It is seene, that as the mixture is, so the manners, disposition, delighte, trade, and inclination of man, falleth oute accordinglye. As thus, suppose a Bo∣dye c••ieflye to consiste of these three, Bloude, Choler, and Melancholye, whereof two par∣tes to be Bloude, and the other thirde parte to bee Choler and Melancholye equallye propor∣tioned: Of these three, thus mixed together, proceedeth such a Complexion and bodelye ha∣bite. as produceth sundry motions, affections, and inclinations of the minde, and which doth inwardlye dispose, fashion and frame their Na∣tures and dispositions (yea before they breake oute into woordes) enhablinge them fitte and meete to discharge and execute the parte of anye personne, that wee either of oure selues take in hande, or which by nature and publicke function is to vs assigned.

First Nature frames vs apt and meete, To euery kinde of chaunce: Sometimes she helpes, somtimes vvith ire, our harts doth vvound and launce. Sometimes vvith thoughte to throvv vs dovvne, vvith griefe and dule amayne: Then, aftervvard the tongue declares, the mynds deuyses playne.

And as we see, Nature in producing hearbes and floures, and paintyng them out in braue at∣tyre and colours, to shew forth a most excellente and inimitable workemāship, and right gallant∣ly to sette the same out to the gazing view of ech greedie eye, clad wyth many, and the same most pleasurable differences of goodly verdure, some lyghte and entermedled wyth whytishe, some of a sadde or darke greene, some watrishe, blunkette, gray, grassie, hoarie, and Lecke coloured, whereof euerye one hath theyr proper vertues, & peculier effectes: So likewyse, Bloud beinge myngled wyth humours of other quality, concey∣ueth other force and other colour and yet (nathe∣lesse) not quite bereft and depryued of a Bloudy of Sanguine colour: insomuch that it pearceth into the very innermost corners of the mynde, in∣censing to sundry actions. And althoughe the Planetts and Starres, stretch oute theyr influ∣ence, and extend theyr force mightely vppon these lower bodyes: yet is it the Humours and Ele∣mental

qualityes which doe constitute the com∣plexion of humayne body, and cause diuers sorts and sondry differences of Natures and maners. And in this sorte, doth this constitution whereof wee now speake, breede and bring foorth into the Theatre of this world, some that be stout Brag∣gers and shamelesse praters, some Parasites & clawbackes, some Dolts and cockscombes, some selfe pleasers, which thinke more of themselues, then all the rest of the Towne besyde doth, some Mynstrelles and Pypers, some gracelesse Ruffi∣ans and Spendalls, ryotously wastyng and con∣sumyng their Patrimony: Some Dycers and Gamsters, some Trēcher frends and Coseners: some Counterfaiters, Skoffers, Tumblers and Gesturers, some Iugglers, & Legier du maine players, wyth a great rablemente of other lewde Lubbers of other sorts besyde.

A rabling route of ydle loutes, consuming grayne and corne, Deuoyde of thryft, cyphers to fill vp roume and tale, forlorne: Right vvoers of Penelope, starke verlettes, flattringe mates, And Bellygoddes, addict toomuch to cheere and dainty cates. VVho loue to snort in bedde till none, and heare the mynstrelles playe On vvarbling Harpes to banish dumpes and chase all care avvay.

For slthens they neither obserue stay, nor mo∣deration in their liues and conuersation, neither frame to liue in any good and laudable order, but loyter and haunte the companye of wilfull and lewdly disposed persons, it commeth to passe that in maners they proue starke noughte and grace∣lesse and by meanes of the heate and abundaunce of bloude, prone and prompte to pursue the inticements of all sensuall lustes and vnbrydled affections, reputinge the chiefest felicitye to con∣sist in pleasure. And of this sort are al Riotours, all Banqueters and dissolute lecherers, whose whole care, industry and delight, night and daye, is to drowne themselues in the gulph of Sensu∣ality and bellycheere. They liue (as the Pro∣uerbe is) a Minstrelles life, that is to say, nycely, ydly, & altogether in a maner vpon other mens coste: and for that they keepe neither ho, nor mea∣sure in their affections, but wholly addicte them∣selues to ingluuions excesse, vnseasonable wat∣chinge, and immoderate lust of carnall venerie, therefore their bodies lye open to al such diseases and Sicknes, as consist in y^e fulnes of humours: namely, the Squinzye, and swellinge of the Ia∣wes, Inflammations of the kernels of y^• mouth, and the Uuula, swelling of the fundemēt, Pyles, Hemorrhoydes, bleeding at the Nose, Pleurysie, Stitches, Inflammation of the Lunges, and many other: for all these, it shalbe moste expedi∣ent to be let bloud. To this number is also to be added the Ague Ephemera, or Diaria, so named

because cōmonly it is of no longer thē one dayes continuance, albeit sometime it lasteth till the fourth daye: and hereunto is to bee referred the Sweating Sicknesse (which because it beganne first in England, is called the English Sweate) the Accident of which disease is sowning & gree∣nous pame at the heart, ioyned with a bytinge at the Stomacke, whereby a man is no lesse payned then if the heart if selfe (beinge the fountcyne of life) should through anye contagious ayre, be in∣fected and oppressed: As by proofe it fell out in the Moneth of September 1529. at what time al the Low Countreyes were in a maner generally visited with this contagious Sweate, and pesti∣lent Ephemera, proceedinge of corruption of the Ayre, wherewith so many as were infected, were brought into great terrour, tremblinge and sow∣ning throughe feeblenes of mynde and pantinge: their heart labouring & beating within them ex∣tremely. During which infectious time of vi∣stacion, there happened an other mischiefe and inconuenience which made the matter a greate deale more lamentable: For certaine ignorante Empyrykes contrary to the Rules of Arte, and without taking any regard or consideration to y^e strength and powers of nature, violentlye kepte their Patients, sweating the space of xii. houres: whereby many by extreeme heat, ouercome, were with their bolsters & many bedclothes styfled vp.

Seing now that corruption of the Ayre is the cause of this greeuous maladye or Ephemerall

Ague, and that the Symptoma or Accidēt ther∣of (which euen attendeth and wayteth vppon it, lyke as the shadow on y^e body) is greeuous payne at the heart and sownyng, so is the Sweat it self the Crysis thereof, wherby Nature being strong, dispelleth and sendeth oute moyste fulsome fu∣mes and sty kinge Humours, and consequentlye banisheth the disease: it must therfore at any hād be moderate, and not aboue the space of iiii. or vi. houres at the most, according to the imbecillitye and strength of nature. For toomuche, cleane throweth downe all the strength, and vtterly de∣stroyeth the vitall spyrites.

Nowe, why this disease is tearmed by y^e name of the English Sweat, I suppose grewe hereup∣pon, for that the people of that Countrey be oftē therewith attached, partly through theyr curious and dainty fare and great abundance of meates, wherewyth they cramme themselues very inglu∣uiously, euen as the Germaynes & Netherlāders do wyth dryncke: and partly (which I noted at my late beyng in that Realme, about the tyme of Mydsommer) by reason that the ayre wyth them is troubled, cloudy and many tymes wyth foggie dampes ouercast, wherby is engendred the cause and originall both inwardlye and outwardlye of this disease: the vehemēcy wherof, bryngeth thē into a bloudy sweating, wherw^t they must wrestle & stryue as wyth a most fierce & strong ennemy, and which they must endeuour wyth al might to supplant: hereupon happen Traunces and sow∣nynges

throughe feeblenesse of body and mynde, faynting and drowpyng of the spyrites, decaye of powers, stopping of the pypes and voyce, and life almost thereby cleane yelded vppe, and the partye brought euen vnto deathes doore.

For this Countrey people (not able to abyde any great trauayle and labour, as beinge persōs cockering themselues in much tender nicetye and effeminate lyfe, are verye procliue and apte to be throwen thereby into the languishyng extre∣mity of this perillous disease. It is expediente for them therefore to be recomforted, cheryshed, reuiued and refreshed wyth sweete odours, and with the drynkinge of pure good Wyne. And hereupon commeth it that this Nation peculiar∣ly and almost daily vseth to dryncke Maluesay or Secke, to comfort & restore their Stomackes when they be quaysie or surcharged wyth excesse of sundry curious dishes: which thing I finde to haue beene vsed and put in vre by men of elder time, to helpe such discrasyes: whose order was with this wyne, to dryue away, payne at the hart, Stitches, Sowning or Traūces, Cholick, fret∣ting of the guttes, and bellye ache. Thus, the Poet luuenal trumpeth a certayne myserable Chuffe and niggardlye Pinchpenie, for that, he denyed to geeue a litle wyne to one of his frends that fell into a sowne or traunce, through feeble∣nes & toomuch sweating 'being in great daūger of his lyfe.

He stoares and drincks old vvyne, long kept: Euen since the cyuile stryfe VVhen garboyles and dissension in Common vvealth vvere ryfe. VVho Snudgelike to his frend (vvhose heart vvas paynd vvith stitch and griefe) Not one poore draught thereof vvould send, to ease him vvith reliefe.

They that be of this constitution (ouer & be∣side these afore rehearsed greeuaunces and dis∣commodities) are subiect to other Agues no lesse daungerous: wherof one proceedeth of putrefyed and rotten bloud, the other withoute anye note or signe of putrefaction is caused of inflammation of bloud. Both these sorts of Agewes y^e Gree∣kes comprehend in this word Synochus, and the Latinistes Continuum, because it is continuall, without geeuing to the Pattent anye truce or in∣termission: for whē the fit commeth, it leaueth not of, but continueth for many dayes together. And that Age which is hoate and moyste is more sub∣iect to these kinds of Agues then anye other, for it quickly conceyueth & taketh putrefaction thro∣ughe oppilation, specially in the Spryng time of the yeare, when as Humours freshly encrease: & much the sooner if they vse anye distemperan̄ce or leade on ydle and restfull lyfe wythout ordina∣ry exercise. For when the Pores and spyramēts whereout bloud is wont to haue difflation & va∣porous

expulsion be stopped, the partye cannot choose, but growe into putrefaction and y^e vitall partes with fulsome corruption to be infected.

For euen as close houses whereinto the winde, hath no maner of accesse: and as Garmentes, fe∣therbeds and Mattresses, Cushions, Sheetes & Blankets, Carpets and Counterpoynts become mustie and ill sented, vnlesse they bee now & then shaken and hanged out in the open Ayre: so like∣wise doth the body of man become putrefyed, cor∣rupte, stinkinge and rotten, if it accustome not it selfe to exercyse and agitation. For by that order and meane, are excrementes euacuated, & al fulsome fumes and exhalations proceding out of them, dissipated.

To keepe themselues therefore the better frō Sicknes, and to be the lesse open and subiecte to Agewes, it shall behoue thē, to vse seasonable ex∣ercise, (abādoning al slouth and drowsynes) duly obseruing a moderation in meat & drinck, sleepe, watche, and carnall coniunction. And in the be∣gining of the Springe, it shall be good for them to be let bloud, or by fcarysycation to be cupped. But if they be loath or vnwilling after that way to be emptyed, to preuent future daungers, let them take some such purgatiue medicines, as make the bealy soluble, namely Cassia fistula, Sy∣rup. Ros. Laxat: Diaprunum simplex, Syrup. de Epythymo, and Fumitorie, Polypodie, Mercu∣rie, Manna, or honnie of the Ayre, and Whaye.

And in vsing of exercyse this must diligentlye be taken heede of, that it be not frequented & vsed, eyther when y^e parties be replete wyth humours and excrements, after meate, or when their Sto∣macks be full. For being in eyther of these sorts vsed, it filleth the heade full of fumes & vapours, (which chiefe Member being distempered and diseased, all the inferiour members lykewyse suf∣fer griefe and participate discrasie wyth it) it bre∣deth Rhewmes, Catarrhes and distillations, it maketh heauye, and bryngeth oppilation to the Lyeuer. For violent motion dryueth the meats beyng vncōcocted into y^e narrow streits of y^e vey∣nes, where they stop the passage of the Humours, and make an open way & occasion vnto putrefac∣tion.

When any such inconuenience happeneth, our parts be, forth wyth to seeke remedy for the same, by applying thereto such thinges as are of force to take away and dispatch all those annoyaunces that sticke in the way, and hinder them from ha∣uing theyr ryght courses. Of which sort (sayth Galene) are, the infusion of Wormewoode gen∣tle, stieped in Wyne, or Wormewood wyne, cal∣led Absynthytes, Succorye and Endyue, Doder, Egrymonie, Rhabarbe, the seedes of Anyse and Fenel, Peache kernelles, bitter Almonds, great Reysons wyth the kernelles taken out, Oximell sympl. eche of these to bee geeuen before meate, when concoction is perfectly made.

The same regard and consideration is also to be obserued and kepte in doynge the carnal Acte of Generation: for toomuch vse thereof enfee∣bleth the powers, and through inflāmacion ary∣sing thereof, engendreth Goute and paine in the Ioyntes. For there be some so wylful, that with∣out respect at all of concoction or cruditie, with∣out any consyderation and difference of nighte or day (quight neglecting the oportunity thereto be∣lōging,) do greedily desyre, and inordinately ha∣sten (for this tickling luste can brooke no delaye) to satisfye and staunche their fleshly motions in this kinde of pleasure: and in the vse thereof be so insaciable and so farre passe y^e boundes of mo∣deracion and qualification thereof, that they waste and destroye the pyth and synewes of theyr whole bodyes. For carnall Acte taketh away & exhausteth that power of the body which serueth to concoct the meate and to conuert the same into Bloud: which if it be not accordingly accompli∣shed nor syncerely wroughte, then falleth it oute, that very great store and abundance of excremen∣tes & superfluous humours be engendred, which breede and cause innumerable diseases. Albeit to many, this v•••• of Carnalitie (vnlesse it be out of all measure) bringeth no hurt at all: for seaso∣nable and tempestiuious coiture riddeth awaye great store of Phlegme, and skowreth awaye o∣ther Humours, which being engēdred w^tin a mā, damnyfye and annoye the body and mynde.

And this thinge is to be obserued and marked in

yonge lustye Damselles and Virgins, which remayne long vnmaryed, or which by professiō of chastitye are wayned and debarred from Wed∣locke. For besyde their vnruly motions of ticke∣ling lust, besyde theyr secrete flames and burning affections they be ill coloured, and nothing plea∣sauntly complexioned, their myndes vnstedy and out of quiet frame, by meanes of a naughty va∣pour that ascendeth vpward and disturbeth their brayne. And hereuppon it is, that sometyme in Imagynation, thinking thēselues to lye wyth mē by beholding or touchinge of them, they be trou∣bled in theyr sleepe wyth the night Mare, and the effluxiōs of seede, wherw^t they pollute thēselues in the nighte season: Hereuppon commeth trem∣bling & quaking of the heart, by reason of grosse fumes, which inuade the pannicle or coffyn of the heart, called Pericardion, and lye heauelye vppon the body pressinge it downe as though they were night Hegges, or Hobbegobblins.

Them that be maryed, which lawfullye maye vse this carnal knowledge wyth their owne wy∣ues, and they that dissolutely leade a leacherous life, and runne ryot on whorehuntinge, are to bee aduysed and counselled, not to yelde themselues too much therunto, least afterward they bewayle their lamenes and lacke of strength, when as all their vitall iuyce shalbe cleane gone and exhau∣sted: whereof the wyse Solomon geeueth to eue∣ry man a ryght holesome exhortation and aduer∣tisement, that a man should not geeue ouer or en∣thrall

his credite and honour to harlottes, nor to spende and consume his lustye yeares in haun∣tinge the companie of Whores, who greedilye gape to defeat and spoyle him both of his wealth and strength, as they, that will neuer bee satis∣fyed and glutted, neither with Venus games and coiture, neyther wyth rewardes and expences, but remayne still insaciable, and euer crauinge more. Let eche man therefore take herein good heede to himselfe, leasse in the ende when hee is cleane wyped from all his wealthe and bodelye strength, hee mourne, and wyth syghes bewayle his former wylfulnes, and the decaye of his for∣spent and wearish body.

Therefore to escape cleare withoute takings any harme by immoderatly vsing this venerous acte, so much space of time (by Galene his pre∣scription) oughte to bee vsed betweene, that ney∣ther anye resolution bee thereby perceyued and felt, neither lassitude: And agayne, that a man maye feele himselfe lighter and lustyer, and ha∣uing disourdened and disbalassed himselfe of his prouocatiue supersluous Sperme, to fetch his breath the better. Also a conuenient and fitte time ought to bee taken, to witte, when the bodye is meanelye constituted, neyther too full nor too emptie: of which matter elsewhere wee are to speake more at large.

But if anye Sanguine complexioned person, (the better to serue God) be delighted in leading

a single and vnmaryed lyfe, by profession of cha∣stytie: him do I counsayle and aduyse very cyr∣cumspectlye and precysely to consider his owne state, disposition and nature, whether he be well able to qualefy and kepe vnder, this disordered & vnruly affection or no. For in such a waightye case a man must cyrcumspectly looke about him, and very aduysedly forsee, that hee do not incon∣syderately tye himselfe to any profession wythout iudgemēt, choyse, and discretion, least his foolish rashnes brynge him afterwards to repentaunce, when he shall feele himselfe surcharged, and vn∣hable to weild the burdē which he hath takē vp∣pon him to beare. For the Sperme or Seede of Generation, being a redounding excremente and superfluous Humour (residue and remayninge of the last alimente, and comminge from the ves∣sells of y^• Testicles, wher it is exactlye fourmed, and throughly laboured) is employed to begette yssue: yea y^e natural power & faculty, is desyrous to haue this collection of Humour to be purged, and by the euacuatinge thereof to be eased of a troublesome and intollerable caryage, euen as y^e other partes of the body (for theyr partes) desyre to bee disburdened of theyr superfluous excre∣mēts: to wit, vryne, ordure, spettle, sweat, sneuel, spattling and Phlegme.

Right good and holesome therefore haue Ie∣uer deemed that worthy admonition and Coun∣sell of CHRIST in the Gospel, and of the A∣postle lykewyse, that they which can comprehend

this matter, and are able to perfourme and kepe it, should remayne chast, and ioyfully embrace the same as a heauēly gyft: assuryng themselues that Gods Diuine assistaunce in so godlye a purpose, will not fayle them: wythout which all that man purposeth or taketh in hand is frustrate & vayne, as besyde S. Paule, the wyse Kyng Salomon wit∣nesseth. For it is not to bee doubted but a man may subdue and vanquish this slyppery affectiō, (althoughe verye hardly) and by lyuing a conti∣nent lyfe, maye perfourme his determinate reso∣lution and vow, so it be done and taken in hande, onely vppon zeale and deuotion, the better there∣by to entend Gods seruice, and geeue himselfe to heauenly contēplacions. For they that be wrap∣ped in many cares, and (shakīg away from them all slouth and ydlenesse) do mortifie themselues & spend their time in watchinge, hunger, sparefee∣ding, earnest study, fasting and prayer, continuall meditation of holy Scripture, and painful prea∣ching night and day, (wherby this kinde of De∣uils is cast out,) they I say) feele not themselues greatly moued in desyre to this thing: For why? these that I meane, do willinglye & voluntarily, not forcibly & superstitiouslye betake themselues to this kinde of life: the better thereby to applye theyr euangelical function, and more freely to in∣tende the sacred study of Diuinity.

Of a colde and moyst Complexion: which setteth out and declareth the conditi∣on, state and nature of persons Phlegmaticke. The iij. Chapter.

NExt after the Hoate & moyst Constitution, order requyreth to describe and set oute the Cold & moyst Temperature, wherein reigneth & aboundeth Phlegme: whereof (after bloude) no small porcion is diffused into euery part of the body. And this Humour draweth somewhat neere to the nature of Bloude, and is in affinitye with it, both in respecte of essence, and society of their conceptoryes. For it is (as it were) a cer∣tayne Bloud vnconcoct, or a rudimente and first beginning of Bloud yet vnperfect, & not exactly laboured: a resēblaunce, shew, or paterne where∣of, we may well behold in Muste or new Wyne, whyle it is yet hoate, and newly taken & wrin∣ged out of the Presse. For (as Galene righte learnedly noteth) the subtyle and ayrte part of the Wyne (which is y^e some or spurging therof) boy¦leth vp to the toppe, and vnderneath, is an vnsa∣uery Humour, in relyce like to y^e nature of swee∣tishe water, which being excocte, settled, cleansed and fyned from the dregges, obteyneth and is broughte to the nature of pure and good Wyne.

And albeit Phlegme be whytishe, and haue no rednesse in it at all, yet being excoct, and the cold∣nes thereof taken away and subdued by the force and efficacie of heate, it is reduced and broughte into a ruddie & fresh coloured licour. And euē as naturall Phlegme (which participateth w^t a cer∣taine sweetenes) is through heate conuerted and wrought into Bloud and redde colour: so like∣wyse Bloud in the Dugges or Teates, partly of the nature of the place where it resteth, and part∣ly of the heate of the heart (neere vnto whom the Pappes are placed) is broughte and turned into Mylke, whyte and gaye coloured. For this cause, some (as superstitious & Phylosophicall as Pythagoras) abstayned, not onely from eating of flesh, but also from Egges and Mylk, because they reckened and accompted the same no other then liquide flesh, because the on•• being a certaine space couered and kepte warme by the naturall heate of the Henne sitting thereuppon, wil wyth∣in fewe dayes bring forth a Chicken: & the other (if the colour were chaunged) they accompted euen very bloud.

But this seemeth to many a thing very straūg and prodigious, that yonge: Children newlye borne (yea of the Male kinde) haue Mylke in the Nypples of theyr Dugges, runninge out eyther of it owne accord, or easely with the fingers 〈◊〉〈◊〉 sed & pressed out: which thing I my selfe vpon a certaine time fynding by experience & tryall true, aduysed the partyes at certayne times to 〈◊〉〈◊〉

and force it out, least otherwyse it should clotter, congele and curd together into an hard substāce. For this Mylkie licour in children, is engendred of the great and abundaunte alimente, which at those ••ssues, nypples and spoutes, by nature of the place, and helpe of the Heart (which is the founteyne and Welspryng of heate) is conuerted into Mylke. Now, the Mammiles or dugges (which be the Receptacles of Mylke) beinge spongie and hollow, and the glandulous or ker∣nellie flesh wythin them, bloudlesse and whyte, do transmute and alter y^t bloud which they receyue, into Mylke: for euery part of the body, altereth and chaungeth his nourishment, makynge it in colour, similare, lyke, and familiar to it selfe.

And thus, the generatiō of Mylk & Sperme is made of bloud throughlye and exactly concoc∣ted: and of the nature of those parts wherin they be laboured, become in colour (as wee see) white and mylkie.

Thus also the Lyeuer being of substaūce (as it were) coagulate bloud, engendreth a raddy li∣quide substaunce: the Lunges causeth a fomie & froathie licour: the commissures or setting toge∣ther of the Ioyntes, a glewish humour: y^e tōgue, spettle: the holow bones produce and bring forth white marowe, as the Ridge bone of the backe & the brayne do, where als thinges are exactlye la∣boured. For in Lambes and other yong cattel, the marow is not white but bloudy. Euery part therefore of the body worketh his humour like to

it selfe, and transmuteth it into the nature, wher∣of it selfe is.

No man therfore ought to thincke it absurd∣ly spoken in sayinge and affyrminge Phlegme by the force and facultie of the Lyeuer to be altered and chaunged into Bloud. And this liquide & thinne humour in the bodyes of all Creatures is to purpose and vse, no lesse profitable then neces∣sary. For being conueighed euery way into the Veynes, it qualefyeth and alayeth the heate of Bloud & Choler: finally it maketh the Ioyntes nymble and styrringe, kepinge them from beinge stiffe and lumpish through drynesse: and last of al it nourisheth all Phlegmaticke members, and them continueth in lusty state.

And although there be commonly no certaine place assigned where Phlegne resteth, yet the greatest part is still in the Stomack or ventricle, wherin the meate is first boyled and altered into a thinne iuyce or liquide substaunce. For we see men that haue surcharged theyr Stomackes, in vomyting and perbraking, sometimes to cast vp great abundance of loathsome, clammie & tough Phlegme, or to scowre and euacuate the same through the guttes: those I meane that haue ex∣cessiuelye and ingluuiouslye surphetted eyther in eating or drinking. Whose heades (consequent∣ly) being filled wyth moystysh vapours, those fu∣mosities strykinge vpwarde as in a Stillatorie, grow into a thicke, fylthy, and sneuillie phlegme, whereby through•• coldnes of the brayne, the par∣ties

becommeth subiect and open to sundrye dis∣eases, as the Poze, Murre, Hoarsenes, Coughe, and many others, of which sort is the Rheume or distillation of humours from the heade, where∣with in the Lowe Countryes of Belgia both rich and poore, highe and low, in Wynter season are much troubled & fynde by experience to bee true, and yet they be people commonly healthy, and as sounde as a Bell.

In perfect Health, and throughly sound, But vvhen that Phlegme doth much abound.

Insomuch that I sometimes am dryuen into a wonder, to consyder how such abundance of fil∣thie humours shoulde rest in the head, which na∣ture one whyle at the mouth, an other whyle at y^e Nose and Throte expelleth and purgeth.

The head therfore and the Stomacke (name∣ly and much more then any of the other parts) are pestered with the excrement of Phlegme, special∣ly if a man vse to eate such meates as be cold and moyst, and discontinue exercyse, whereby it hap∣peneth that this humour being too crude is very hardly to be concocted, and brought into an hole∣some iuyce, profitable & auayleable for the body.

For it is a certayne vliginous moystishnes and superfluous excrement, which ought rather to be sent out and purged that waye which nature spe∣ciallye alloweth, and whereby most conuenientlye

she is wonte to exonerate herselfe. For as the o∣riginall of this inconuenience beginneth first at the Stomacke and afterward infesteth the heade (as we may plainly perceiue & obserue by Wyne copiouslye quaffed and swilled, which althoughe it descende downe into the Stomacke, yet doth it assayle and distemper the heade) it standeth vs therfore vpō, carefully to foresee y^• in those parts, as litle of this Phlegmaticke excrement as may bee, bee engendred: because the harme and incon∣uenience redoundeth to the generall harme and detrimente of the whole body.

And as it fareth in a Realme or Kingdome, in a Common wealth, in a Cruile Pollicie or Corporation, in anye Honourable householde or worshipfull Famylie: so likewyse in the Body of man, that disease of all others is moste daun∣gerous & ill, which taketh his oryginall begin∣ning at the heade and principall members. For the harme diffuseth and spreadeth it selfe into all the inferiour partes of the body, and them great∣ly damnifyeth. As (for more plainnesse) let e∣uery man take an example at any house which he enioyeth & hath in occupation. For euen as those houses that wil hold out neither wynde nor wea∣ther, be very vnholesome to dwell in, and a greate backfrend to health: or when the Ridges or Roo∣fes thereof bee ill tymbred and (for wante of good lookinge too) runneth in ruine, and taketh water as often as anye rayne falleth: So

lykewyse, as longe as the heade is distempered and affected wyth this baggage Phlegme, and distilling Humour, both it and the rest of the bo∣dy can neuer be in perfect health. For beinge it selfe of a cold and moyste nature, it quickly drin∣keth vp vapours out of a watrish stomack, & be∣yng thereby replete wyth humiditye, moysteneth likewyse, those partes that be vnder it: yea this distilling Phlegme is as noysome and greeuous to it as a brawling and scoulding wyfe is to a quiet man.

For out of the heade continually do Humours distill and (lyke soote oute of a Chymney) fall downe into the Throate, Eares, Nose, Eyes, Breast and Lunges: wherupon happen tumors & swelling of the eyes, Bleyreyednesse, drynesse of sight, whyzzing and running in the eares, hard∣nesse of hearing, and sometime behinde the eares Impostumes, botches and wexekernelles, be∣syde many sortes moe: for the Instrumentes of the tongue be affected, the voyce hindered, yea sometime stopped that a man is not able to vtter out a plaine worde. The Syn••wes, Pellicles, Muscles, Wesantpype, and Veynes of y^e throte, called Iugulares, and the partes that serue to frame y^• voyce, beyng surcharged wyth toomuch Humour (as in dronkē persōsis manifestly to be seene) make the tongue vnperfecte, foltering and stammering, and all the members to reele and staggar, their words double and not intelligible, insomuch that at sometimes they bee not able to

speake one plaine word, nor in sēsible tearmes to declare their owne meaning. And thereby being by nature otherwise vnreadye and in vtteraunce staggering, and now also throughly whitteled & soaked in Wyne, theyr tongue doubleth, slamme∣reth and foltereth a great deale more: insomuche that they bring oute their wordes by stoppes and pauses, like thē that haue the hicket: & such per∣sons cannot speake softly and stillie, because their voyce commonly is stopped and kept back, which maketh them to force out their words y^e lowder. They must therefore earnestlye striue and accu∣stome themselues roundly and distinctly to deli∣uer out theyr wordes, for otherwyse their tongue through defaulte and imbecillitye, and lackynge stablenesse fayleth them, and furthereth them no∣thing in theyr pronunciation: but chatter & bab∣ble so obscurely, that no man can vnderstand any thynge of that they saye: For we see them to be scarce able to vtter euen a few woords wyth one streynable tenor and treatable vniformitie, but sometime slowly and dreamingly drawyng them oute: and sometime powryng oute by lumpes the same, as fast as the tongue can rolle.

The selfe same thinge which superfluitye and distemperaunce of drincke, bringeth vnto the haunters thereof, doth the dystillation of Hu∣mours and defluxion of Phlegme, bryng to them that be troubled with y^e Catarrhe, which (beside these) is accōpanyed also wyth sūdry other incō∣ueniences, to euery one of sharpe iudgement wel

knowen and easelye perceyued. For who so is disposed exactlye to syfte and searche oute the verye markes and tokens of a Cold and moyste Complexion, shall finde them (throughe abun∣daunce of that Humour and qualitye) to bee sleepie, lazye, slouthful, drowsie, heauie, lumpish and nothinge quicke at their busynesse: as they commonlye bee, which mynde nothinge else then gurmandyze and bellycheere, and vse seldome ex∣ercise.

Wee see also amonge Beastes, Fowles, and other Creatures both wyeld & tame, that such as vse litle or no exercise, but lurke still in hoales and Caues, and be pēt vp, and franked cowpes, are neither so holesome, neyther so sit for man to eate, as others, that are greatly exercysed and vse much styrryng. Such waxe (in deede) very fat, and grow bigger bodyed (I cannot deny) but the nourishmente which they geeue to the bodye, is somewhat vnholesome and excrementall: as a∣monge fyshes, Ecles and other slippery fyshes that lye stil myeringe themselues in mudde, v∣sing no exercise, styring or agitation of body.

And this is the cause why Eeeles being deade (contrary to the nature of all other fyshes) floate not aboue water, by reason that they feede vp∣pon muddie and standing water.

But that euery man maye throughly and per∣fectly know the state and cōdition of this Body, it must be painted oute in his righte colours, and

is to be descrybed by his owne proper indicati∣ons, markes, and tokens. All they therefore that are of this habite (if their Constitution be naturall and not accidentallye happeninge) are grosse, pursie and fatte bodyed: their stature not so tall as bigge set, and stronglye pitched, their skinne soft, white, and vnhayrie, their Muscles and Ueynes not appearing but lying inwardlye, insomuch that when occasion serueth to bee lette Bloud, the same Ueynes do not apparauntlye shewe oute themselues. The hayres of theyr head be eyther whyte or duskie blacke, or els of the colour of Barley strawe, which will not fall of, nor become balde, till after a longe time, 〈◊〉〈◊〉 but they soone waxe hoarye for wante of heate, and imbecillity of the member, which is not of ability to excoct the nutriment, into the vse and comely∣nes of Hayres.

For hoarynesse is (as it were) a certayne refuse vinewed baggage, of Phlegme putrefyed, or a fustie dank••shnesse vnder the skinne, wher∣of (throughe w••nte of heate) proceedeth hoa∣rynesse and whytenesse of the H••yres. Such a lyke hoarie Downe, or vinewed mouldynesse, wee see to bee in Loaues of Breade and Pyes, that bee somewhat longe kepte vnspente, and also in Vaultes, Arche Roofes, Syelynges, hoales and Cellers vnder the grounde, and other musty, fulsome, dark, fylthy, and stinking places. Their Pysse and Uryne whyte and verye little

or rather nothinge at all ruddie. Theyr Excre∣mentes; and Ordure, thinne and liquide: theyr Sleepe verye sounde, and longer then health re∣quireth, not without stoare of sundry Dreames, whereby (and not vainly or deceitfully) maye bee neerely coniectured and founde oute, of what dis∣position the body is, and what Humours there∣in chiefely reigne. For the causes and original beginninges of these thinges proceede oute of the body: which althoughe they be referrible to out∣ward causes, or to the actiōs and deuyses, which the mynde earnestly conceyueth, deliberateth and forecasteth in the daye time: yet is it easye y∣noughe for the learned and skilfull Physition to discusse the meaninges, and expounde the euen∣tes thereunto incident.

For, as concerning Dreames by Diuine mo∣tion sent into the mynde of man, & not depending vppon naturall causes) none is able to yeld anye certaine interpretation, wythout a speciall pryui∣ledge of Heauenlye inspyration. Thus, they that be of Cold and moyst Complexiō, in Drea∣mes imagine and thincke themselues dyuinge o∣uer head and eares in Water, or to be in Bathes & Baynes: which strayght wayes argueth great stoare of Phl••gme to fall out of the head, into the nape of their necke, Iawes, vocall Arterye and Lunges. Semblably, if they dreame of Hayle, Snow, Yse, storme & Rayne, it betokeneth abun∣dance of Phlegme, sometime thicke and grosse, sometime thinne and liquide.

If a man in his Dreame thincke himselfe to be styfeled and strangled, or his voyce stopped & taken from him, it argueth him to be subiecte and like ynough shortly to be troubled wyth y^e Squī∣zie, priuation of speach, murre, or finallye eyther the Drowsye sicknesse, or the Apoplexie.

In this sort (as Galene wytnesseth) there was a certayne man, which dreamed that one of his Legges was turned into a Stone: which man within a whyle after, throughe a colde Humoure that fell downe into it, was taken wyth the Pal∣sey.

Now, althoughe too scrupulous and curious obseruation of Dreames bee prohibited, yet is there no charge geeuen to the contrary, but that wee maye lawfullye search out the meaninges of all such as consiste wythin the compasse and rea∣son of thinges naturall, the Authour and con∣seruer whereof is God himselfe: so that wee do y^e same without anye superstitious vanity of Di∣uination, neyther therin fixinge any assured hope and trust, neyther terrifyed wyth any feare of the euentes thereof.

Whensoeuer therefore naturall Dreames do happen wherein be neyther mockeryes nor illu∣sions of mynde (for all these are banished & put to flight by reposing a firme and constant trust in God) they admonishe and put euerye man in re∣membraunce to looke wel to his health, and to a∣mooue and decline all such occasions and incon∣ueniences, as may eyther empayre and damnifye

health, or enforce any perturbatiōs of Dreames. For the Imaginations and phantasyes which in Sleepe be offered, and seene apparātly in Drea∣mes by night when a man is at rest to occurre & busye his mynde, are caused and styrred by va∣pours & fumes proceeding out of the humours & agitation of the Spyrite Animall: in some of which Dreames and Imaginations, the mynde renueth the memorie and thinketh vppon some busynesse and actions that fall for the daye, some plainly signifye the abundaunce of Humours, or els some earnest & greedy desyre to cōpasse some∣what, which we would very fayne bring to passe.

Hereupon they that are thyrstie, glut themsel∣ues and swill vp drincke abundantly, they that be hungry deuoure meate greedily and insaciablye. Thus lykewise, they whose Genitoryes and pri∣uie partes be swelled with stoare of excrementall Seede and spermatike Humour, or in the daye tyme did earnestly fixe their eyes and mynde vp∣pon anye beautifull and fayre yonge Woman, do in their Sleepe thinck themselues to enioy their desyred purpose, and throughe imaginatiue dea∣linge wyth her, defyle themselues wyth nightlye pollutions. For the Soule (when the body is in sounde Sleepe, and al the outwarde senses at rest) wythdrawinge it selfe into the innermoste partes of the body, perceyueth, vnderstandeth, & beholdeth those actiōs which y^• body is to do by day, and loke what things the body desyreth and longeth after, the same doth the Soule enioye as

presente by Imagination. Hereupon, I thincke were these Prouerbes first deuysed: The Dogge dreameth of bread, of raūging in the Fields, & of hunting. For what things soeuer, a man earnestly and exceedingly desyreth, or hath his mynde still running on, y^e same (being a Sleepe) hee thinketh and dreameth vpon in the night.

Whereunto it is like ynoughe that Esay the Prophete alluded, where hee sheweth that the counsayles and deuyses of the wicked shall come to noughte, and vanishe awaye like smoake & as Dreames seene by nighte: Euen as (sayth hee) a hungrye man Dreameth that hee is eatinge, and vvhen hee avvaketh is yet hungrye and emptie: And as a thristy man Dreameth that hee is drin∣kinge, and vvhen hee avvaketh, is yet faynte and thirstie: Euen so fareth it vvith them that gape and seeke after innocente Bloude to glutte their crueltie therevvith, for they shall misse theyr purpose like them that Dreame, and not ob∣teyne the thinges vvhich they earnestly desyre or thincke themselues sure to compasse & bring about.

Nowe, to satisfye them that are desyrous to knowe the inwarde notes and tokens of a Colde and moyste Complexion, and Phlegmaticke persons: I wyll heere by the waye set downe the same, & declare of what Nature, condition, ma∣ners, conuersation and order of lyfe they bee:

howe beit, there is no cause, whye anye man should hope to fynde in them of this constitution and plight, any stoare of excellēt, singuler, & rare gyftes, syth in them appeareth small quicknes of wit, smal worthynesse or excellency of mynd, smal sharpenes of iudgement & learning, small know∣ledge or skill in atchieuing and compassing mat∣ters: for that, the same with prudence and wyse∣dome cannot conueniently be brought about. For those that are numbred and referred into the or∣der of this Complexion, are persons of no verye sharpe and exact iudgement or (as the Prouerbe by interpretatiō soūdeth) Emūctae naris, fine wit∣ted: as (cōtrariwyse) they whose noses be stuffed with Phlegme & sneuil, are likewyse by y^e Pro∣uerbe tearmed Obesae naris, grosse witted, ap∣plying by Translation, the faulte from the bodye to the mynde. For as both theyr tallage, taste, smelling, and other obiectes of their Senses, bee blunte & grosse: so are they likewyse in mynde & witte dol••ish and dull, slouthfull and lumpish: fi∣nally neyther by nature neyther by vse, forecaste∣ful, sharp witted, nor craftie: by reason theyr na∣turall heate is languishyng and feeble, and drow∣ned in moyst quality and cold Humour: & there∣fore also their memory is very fayleable, oblyui∣ous, and nothing at all (in a manner) retentiue: Theyr speach (as likewyse their pulses & maner of gate) slow and soft.

But this in them specially deserueth commē∣dation, that they be gentle and quiet of nature,

not greatlye addicted to venerous daliaunce, not fumishe, testy or soone angred, being such as (al∣though they be thereto prouoked) wil not lightly chafe and fret: & to be short, not geeuen to fraude and subtilty, cogging and foysting, craft and cou∣sonage, wrangling and quarelling, as the Chole∣ricke are. And because commonlye they be as∣sayled with many and sundry diseases, for that they be geeuen to sit still, louing their ease and y∣dlenes, first they are to be enioyned and prescri∣bed a Diet that is hoat, wherof in the Discourse of the Cold Complexion and also of the Moyste, hath beene spoken abundantly: and next, they are to be perswaded & pricked forward to vse them∣selues to exercise. For sluggishnes and slouth (as witnesseth Celsus) dulleth the body, but la∣bour and exercise maketh it firme and lustye: the one bringeth Oldage before the time, the other maketh Adolescencie and youth to last long. And therefore stronger motions and exercyses are for these persons more requisite, least (otherwyse) the humour toomuch encrease, and heat quayle & be enfeebled.

Let them therfore vse in y^e mornyngs to walke abroade, and namely vp hilles and s••••epe places, when they be yet fasting & their stomacks empty: yea it shall not bee amysse to vse the same after meate, but these stirrings and bodely agitations must be done with a very soft pace: and those y^e be about mydday, swyfter and faster, (which pre∣cept

is expediēt for them that be hoate and moyst to obserue) but yet (as Galene sayth) not so faste and vehemente as they vse, when by occasion of some earneste busynesse they bee dryuen to make speede and hast. It shall be good also for them, to continue long fasting, and to vse sparing sup∣pers. For as all they y^t be in perfect health, may and ought at Supper to feede somewhat largely and (excepte custome be to the contrary) be allo∣wed to eate more fully and liberally: so againe, to them that be of this Complexion, a spareful and light supper is most fit and agreeable: because y^e brayne shall thereby be the lesse encumbred & dis∣quieted wyth fumes and exhalaciōs, in the night ascending and proceedinge out of the Stomacke. For these be they, that engender distillations and Catarrhes, out of whome spryngeth swarmes of many diseases. And that the same may the bet∣ter be auoyded and declyned, I will breefely set downe the differēces of this Phlegmatique Hu∣mour, what effect is thereby wroughte, and what diseases ensue aud grow thereuppon.

OF Phlegme there be foure sorts of differē∣ces or kinds: Sweete, or (if it be crude) vn∣sauoury, making mē drowsy and heauy, desyring to Sleepe more then nature requyreth: by reason that the Brayne which is a principall member, and the oryginal of all Senses, is moystned and made cold.

Sower, maketh hungry: For the mouth of the Ventricle or Stomake, endued wyth this Hu∣mour, is styrred vp to an appetite and desyre of meate: Saltish, maketh thyrstye and nippeth the Stomacke. Glassie, in toughnes and cold∣nesse passinge all the others, bryngeth loathsom∣nes and abhorryng of meate.

The myeldest and leaste hurtfull of all these, is the Sweete: which (after that concoction is once dispatched) is bettered and turned into the nature of Bloude: which yet (notwithstandinge) wanteth not his poyson and malignaunt nature, except all the inconuenience thereof be through∣ly by heate excocted. For it maketh loose, softe, and rysing tumours or blysters, whyte whythoute any rednesse, and other whealie breakinge out of Phlegme besyde, in the vtter parte of the skinne, as mattrye, skabbes, wheales, pushes, and pym∣ples in Women and yonge folkes, which some∣time breake out and are full of matter and fylthy corruption: but it causeth not great ytch nor heat, as the skabbednes which commeth of salte Phlegme or abundaunce of Choler doth, which is endued wyth a sharpe byting & brynyshe salt∣nes.

Sower Phlegme (in quality and effect resem∣bling & like vnto Melancholyke iuyce in cōtinu∣āce of time gathered into y^e stomack) is lesse cold then the Glassye, and more cold then the Sweete Phlegme. This doth pricke and byte the Sto∣macke, & wyth mordication annoyeth it: for being

endued with a sense most exquisite, it is offended wyth that Humour which is of sharpest quality: For the sauoure and relyce thereof is so tarte, ei∣gre and bytter, that if it chaunce to be perbraked and caste vp by vomite (as in Wynter and Au∣tumne seasons happeneth) it astonneth and brin∣geth out of tast, y^e tongue, the roofe of the mouth, y^e Chawes, and setteth the teeth on edge, no lesse then Veriuyce, or the iuyce of vnrype and sharpe grapes, called of the fyner sort of Physitiōs Om¦phacion, and of the common sorte Agresta: in so∣much that the relyce and tallage thereof will re∣mayne and be hardlye qualefyed, alayed or taken awaye. This kinde of Phlegme settled in the mouth of the Stomack or ventricle, and imper∣tinge vnto it, some porcion of his sowrnes and sharpenes, engendreth an insaciable lustinge to meate and (as wee saye) a doggish appetite, inci∣dent commonly to women wyth chyeld, about iii. monthes after their conception, speciallye if they be with child with a gyrle: who being in heat fee∣ble, and of strength faint and quaisie, it chaunceth that their natures be not wel able to cōcocte those Phlegmaticke humours: and thereuppon it is, that they haue such puelinge and squemishe sto∣macks, and be so much troubled wyth wambling and belching. For theyr chiefe desyre and special longing, being for sharpe and sower things: they greatly therby annoy their ventricle, & gather to∣gether many ill humours.

Not women onelye, but men also be subiecte

hereunto: for whom the best way is, to vse to eate meates of heating nature, and to drincke wyne of the purest and best sort. For if this Humoure should chaunce to putrefie within the bodye, it then engendreth the Ague Epiala (so called, be∣cause they that haue the same, be in body inward∣lye of greate heate and outwardlye stiffe with extreeme Colde:) for this Humour beinge en∣kindled and sette on heate, maye wel bee lyke∣ned to greene flame or as wet woode, which sen∣deth out nothīg but stoare of thick moyst smoak, by reason y^t moystnes letteth & hindereth the heat, y^t it cannot breake out: & they that haue this im∣pediment for the most part haue not onely altera∣tion and chaunge in their Complexion and co∣loure, but annoyaunce and inconueniēce also in their mynds.

Salte Phlegme (which hath some affynitie with Choler) is engendred of the commixtion of Choler, or of a saltishe or Whayie humiditye: or els of Phlegme putrefyed: the sharpenes where∣of beinge once enkindled, bryngeth not styffenes and colde, but a shyueringe and shakinge to the whole body. And among all y^e kinds of Phlegme none is worse nor more hurtful then is this. For in what part of the body soeuer it settleth, it bree∣deth and engendreth great dolours and painfull gryeues, and through the byting force that is in it, affecteth the members of the body with vlce∣rous lassitudes, it defourmeth and vglyfyeth the skinne wyth dry, skuruye, skalie, mangie, and fyl∣thye

eruptions or breaking oute, as Tettars, & Ringwormes, Leprosie, skurfe, ytche, skabbed∣nes &c. But if it be myxed wyth Melancholie & other naughty Humours, it bryngeth the skur∣uie Elephantiasis (which is the Hebrevves Le∣pry) y^e vlcerous Herpes, rūning Cankers, Frēch Pockes & manye diseases moe, which pitifully pearce & eate the flesh, euen vnto the hard boane.

Glassie Phlegme (so called, for that it resemb∣bleth and is like to moltē Glasse) is of al others the coldest, wherefore it is very hardly to be con∣cocted or brought into any holesom, familier and domesticall humour. It occupyeth and besiegeth for the most part, the Heade, stomack, & Entrai∣les, payning them with very greeuous and trou∣blesome discrasyes. For it pricketh, woundeth, teareth a pieces & tormēteth: And this Phlegme beynge glewyshe and clammye like Byrdlyme, or such as the stuffe is, whereof drinkinge Glasses be made, is so tough and lymie, that skantly will it be parted asūder: yea it cleaueth so fast to those narow conceptacles where it resteth, that nature stryuing and bickering wyth such a straunge and vncouth Humour, is dryuen to suffer greeuous payne and tormente, before she can be able cleane to banish away and ridde herselfe from it. Great is the inconueniēce, and sundrye and intollerable be the diseases & greeues caused therby: as name∣ly y^e Cholicke, wrynging of the Guttes, payne & gryeping of the Bowelles: difficultie and exco∣riation in auoyding naturall ordure: great lust & desire often to go to the stoole, wythout beinge a∣ble

to euacuate or auoyde any thinge at al, vnlesse peraduenture a smal quātity of glassy Phlegme, and fylthy baggage, and that not without greate labour and enforcement of nature.

For remedy and ease of which affects and all other greeues and gryepinge of like sort, my cu∣stome and vse is to amende and recure with no¦thing better then outwardly wyth fomentes, and inwardly by inections and Clysters, which skow¦reth and cleane washeth away al Phlegme before engrossed, clamped and gathered together. Here∣wyth are all those distemperaunces and annoy∣aunces of health in the lowest partes, withoute daunger of any Agew, qualifyed and holpen: vn∣lesse the payne be too outragious and vehement: for that, therein is neither putrefaction nor inflā∣matiō, and also for the ignobility of the member. But if this kind of Phlegme should assault any chiefe and pryncipall member, and besyde putre∣faction, grow into inflammation, it bringeth the Agues called Lipyrias: and in this case the Pa∣tiente feeleth in the innermost partes of his Bo∣welles, Cold, & in his vtter parts, Heate. For e∣uen as y^e heat of the Sunne melteth & dissolueth yse, snow and hayle, & turneth the same into flui∣ble & liquide water: so likewise doth the fits of an Agew cut asunder and liqueste grosse & clottered Phlegme: & thus it is seene, y^t in one and y^e same body there is both heat & cold felt & perceyued, at one & the selfe same time: like as appeareth in thē y^t sit by a fyer, hauīg wet & moyst cloths vpō their

backes, or in them that handle snowe or yce with their hands, whose members at one selfe same time and instant, feele both heat and cold.

But for that, the most part of mē be in Wyn∣ter, specially troubled wyth one kynde or other of Phlegme, it standeth them vppon diligentlye and by all meanes they can, to accustome themselues to hoate meates, and of the same to make exacte & perfecte digestion. For throughe cruditye and lacke of perfect concoction in the Stomacke, is engendred great abūdaunce of naughty baggage and hurtufll Phlegme, endaungeringe and eui∣dently damnifying (as much as any thing in the world els) health and welfare. Therefore all such thinges as be very Cold and Moyste, must in any wise bee eschued, as Sothernely wyndes, plaine and smooth fyshes, Wyeldings, Crabbs: and of herbs, Lactuce, Purselaine, Cucumbers, Melons, Gourds, Mushromes: or if any of these come in place to be eaten, let them be vsed wyth hoate sauces and condiments, and conuenient ex∣ercise, and such also as be of nature able to cutte and attenuate grosse and clammie Humours, to dispell wyndinesse, and suffer little or no Phleg∣maticke excrementall Humour at all to rest w^tin the body: for by these not onely the bodye, but the mynde also is caryed away, and by affections shrewdlye mysseledde.

Preseruatiues and helpes for the Memorie: with meanes and wayes to remoue and take away all inconueniences, har∣mes and hindraunces thereof. The iiij. Chapter.

FOrasmuch as both y^e distemperature that is Cold & Moyst, and that also which is Colde and Dry, growing into excesse and drawinge into extremitie, oppresseth and deadly woundeth the Memory: I haue thought good into this worke to inserte and enterlace some such notes as maye serue to the furtheraunce thereof and preseruatiō of it from all such myssehappes, harmes and discōmodities as in any wyse threaten thereunto annoyaunce. And howe the same is to be done and brought to passe, I purpose compendiouslye by the way to declare: sythens not to Studentes only, but to al sorts of men in general, it shal be a thing right expedient and profitable. For al the actions and dealinges either publike or priuate, which a man taketh in hand, and enterpryseth: all his affayres, cogitations, deuyses, meditations, cares, purposes and studyes, & all labour and in∣dustry y^e is taken for doing and speaking, wherin is any exercise at all of y^e minde, cānot be brought aboute and accomplished withoute the helpe of

Memorie. For in this Treasure, the speciallest & chiefest parte of reason, vnderstāding and iudg∣ment resteth: and out of it, as out of a moste rich and plentifull Storehouse is fetched and taken a cōplete furniture of most hiddē and farre fetched matters. Which power and vertue of Memory, if it further & helpe vs not, as a faythfull main∣tener and keeper of the things which wee deuise, ymagine and learne: all (be it neuer so precious & excellent) goeth to wrack and is raked vp in obli∣uion.

The proper and peculiar place, assigned & al∣lotted for Memorie, is the Braine, the mansion & dwelling house of wit and all the Senses: which being affected or by anye distēperature discrased, all the functions and offices of nature are sem∣blably passioned: insomuch that wit, reason, vn∣derstāding and iudgement being once empayred, aud diminished: there steppeth in place, Sottage, forgetfulnes, amazednesse, dotage, folishnes, lacke of right wits, doltishnes & idiocie. Which affects & imperfections may happen to mē many wayes, as by some blow or wound in the head, by some rupture or cracking of the Skull, by some fall or cōtuston, by pestilent diseases & maladies, which (of the contagion of Ayre on eche syde enclosinge vs) inspyreth infection into our bodyes: and be∣syde externall accidentes, which sometime cannot well be auoyded, there bee some harmes which through our owne wilfulnes and disorder, wee heape vppon our selues, incurring thereby much

inconuenience: and these be, Surphettes, Drun∣kennes, Gluttonie, vnseasonable watchinge, meates colde and Phelgmaticke, immoderate vse of Venery, and carnall company wyth Wo∣mē, thereby the quicknes of witte is blunted and waxeth dull, Reason, Vnderstanding and Iudgement dymmed, and the strength of nature in many, so weakened and enfeebled, that in three dayes space or more after, vneth is it able to reco¦uer y^e vigour & lusty plight wherin it was before.

And not this discommodity alone, but certaine other sicklie and foule affections insurge there∣vpon, no lesse pernicious to the mind, then daun∣gerous to the body, vtterlye ouerthrowinge, op∣pressing and ruinating the power Memoratyue. For euen as toomuch drynes of the brayne (got∣ten through excessiue surphet, lacke of expediente foode, and Venerie) is very hurtful to Memory, because that quality is nothing apte to take anye impressions, or fourmes of thinges (for drynes & hardnes taketh no printes nor Images) so also toomuch moysture (proceding of ydlenes, slouth, immoderat sleepe & moyst meats) quight destroy & drowne Memory Moysture (in deede) is more capable, & wil soner take y^e print & formes of thin∣gs, but by reasō of softnes, the same taryeth not, but passeth away agayne: euen as stāpes or Sea∣les, being affixed and imprinted into substance or matter that is toomoyst, liquide and fluible, ma∣keth therin no stampe, forme or print, but such, as presētly fleeteth and immediatly vanisheth awaye agayne.

Forasmuch therefore as the vertue and power Memoratiue, consisteth in a sure, faythful, and stedfast keeping and conseruation of Images, it foloweth, that the same in Childrē and in as ma∣ny others as haue moyst Braynes, is weak & no∣thing retentiue. Old folkes also haue the same imbecillity and forgetfulnes, and the reason is, because their braynes be so cold and dry, that no∣thinge is able to enter or fyrmelye to bee impryn∣ted therein: and for these causes, both sortes of them be obliuious and nothinge Memoratyue. For of this (as also of all the inward senses) the power and facultie is according to the tempera∣ture of the Brayne. For oute of the grosse sub∣stance of that part, or whē the Spyrits and Hu∣mours therein be grosse, thicke and wyth manye vapours pestered, proceedeth Obliuion, slownes to vnderstande, & hardnes to conceyue. Againe, of a moyst Brayne, that is too liquide, commeth forth a dul or blunt sense, and a Memory nothing retentyue but sonne forgetting. And a dry Con∣stitutiō of the Brayne maketh a very weake and ill memory: by reason, that it wil not easely admit anye impression (euen like vnto a piece of Leade, Yron or Steele, which will not easelye suffer the poynte of anye engrauinge Toole to enter and pearce into it.

A good stedfast and fryme Memory therefore is to be referred vnto the disposition and tempe∣rature of the Brayne: & this power of the minde, is ascribed to the benefite of Nature: but yet so,

that it may be holpē and maynteyned in his per∣fect state by Arte, and if perhaps it decay or take harme, yet through care & industry, it may againe be restored. And therfore special care must be em¦ployed, and great diligence taken, that the bodye may in perfect health and sound constitution be preserued: that moderatiō both in life and diet be vsed: always within the compasse of temperaūce and frugality: that y^• meate be exactly concocted: that the mynde be in peaceable tranquillitye, and free from troublesome affections: that no mysse∣happe betyde to disturbe and dimme the same: for lustynesse of body & mynde, holesomnes of Ayre, temperature of the Brayne, perfect Constitution of all y^e Sēses, the Spyrits, both Animal & Vi∣tal (which proceede of y^• Humours) being cleare and syncere, bee greate helpers & most auayleable preseruatyues for the maintenaunce of Memory.

For by these it happeneth that all the faculties of the Soule (among which Memory is chiefe) be fresh and perfect, that nothing of al that which we eyther by view of eye, cogitation, witte, lear∣ning or meditation conceyue, slippeth oute of our remembraunce. Yea, many thinges that were thought to be cleane forgottē, and cancelled with obliuion, be reuiued as fresh in Memory & seeme to the eye as plainly, as thinges but newly done: in somuch, that although sometimes wee forgette what we did but yesterday, yet perfectlye can wee remember thinges done many yeares agoe, when we were Children. The reason whereof I take

to be this, for that, tēder age and Childhode, gre∣dily, attentyuely & wyth great admyration fyxeth things in mynde, and is apt, readye, willinge and ful of courage to cōceyue what is put vnto them. For whyse the mynd is yet free from carking ca∣res of the worlde, and not ouercharged or busyed with waighty matters and dealings, it retayneth suerer and kepeth faster in Memory those things which are instilled into it in childishe yeares, their minds beinge yet free from al other cūber∣some disquietations.

Now, although Memory and Remembraūce of things, be conceyued in the forepart of y^e head, where the common witts or Senses specially re∣steth, yet those thinges y^• are by the benefyte ther∣of attayned, be kept and fostered in the hynder part. And therfore they do very wel, which keepe their Nucha and nape of their necks warme, and fense themselues safe from the daunger of cold, & iniurye of wyndes: For these partes beinge di∣stempered or affected, bringe a man in daunger of the fallinge Sicknesse, the Drowsye euill, Aston∣ment, Palsey, Crampe, and Oblyuion.

Wherefore it shalbe right good and expedient to remoue and take away all such hindraunce & discommodities as preiudice and hurt Memory. And becaus many and sundry thinges settle in mans mynde and Memory, euen against his wil: such things (I meane) as he would not gladlye remember, but rather would be willing to forget and commit to oblyuion, as some lewde and loose

pranckes, dishonestly aforetyme perpetrated, are: and agayne, manye good and holesome thinges, which are expedient and needefull to be remem∣bred, slyppe out of mynde and be forgotten: a mā is in these poynts to take diligente heede and re∣gard that he do not (as y^e Cōmon sort vse) with∣out anye choyse and difference eyther neglect, or retchlessely forslowe the due orders of both these things, indifferently. Those things therefore which a man would gladlye remember, it shal be good for him to thincke vppon, and many times wyth himselfe in mynde to meditate and reuolue: and such as he woulde fayne shake of & forget, as hurtfull and pernicious to his mynde, let him w^t reason and iudgement stoutly resist and striue a∣gainst. For as by the corruption of our nature (which is fallen away, from his first integritye) we be a great deale readyer and apt to that which is nought, then to that which is good: and farre more proclyue to conceyue and learne the same, then thinges of better importaunce and purpose: so also those that be ill, sticke faster in memory, & not easelye to be shaken of or abolyshed, without greate adoe and difficulty. Which thing cau∣sed Themistocles to demaunde of one which pro∣fessed to teach him the Arte of Memory: Whe∣ther there were anye Sciēce y^t could rather teach him the Arte of Obliuion: for (sayd hee) I can wel ynough remēber what I lust, but I cānot so easely forget such thīgs as are settled in my mind vnwillingly and otherwise then I would desyre.

For some things we would be gladder to for∣gette then to remember, for somuch as manye men bee of such nature that they cannot abyde to haue olde soares rypped vp, and stale grudges (lōg agone stille aud pacifyed) by new rehear∣salls reuyued and brought fresh agayne into que∣stion. To which ende apperteyneth this Pro∣uerbe. A mischiefe vvel quieted and brought a slepe, vvould not be stirred anevv, nor rubbed vp a freshe.

Now, wheras there be many helpes and sun∣drye furtheraunces deuysed by Rhetoricians to preserue & corroborate Memory: I haue thought it good here not to stande tediouslye in particuler recytall thereof: and the rather because manye of them be very curious, and wythout marueylous precyse carefulnes scarcelye able to be obserued: for the sharpenes of witte and vnderstandinge w^t such a rable of preceptes, is ouercloyed, and the natiue vertue of Memory ouerwhelmed. But a∣mong al other helpes and preseruatyues of Me∣mory, this namelye is to be considered, that y^e bo∣dy may in perfect health be maynteyned, without being endaungered to Sicknesses, specially such as may disturbe and damnifye the head.

Sleepe must be moderatelye vsed, not lyinge vppon the backe, but on the one syde: the mynde quiet and calme, free from all busynes and trou∣blesome garboyles.

Now, forsomuch as this faculty of the Soule is brittle, tender & delicate, there is nothing that

woorketh more harme thereunto, then Cruditie, Ryot, Intemperaunce, Surphet and dronken∣nes.

In the meane season, for the preseruinge and cheerishinge of the Memorye, all helpes must be vsed & all furtheraunces, which any way may cō∣duce to y^e mainteynāce & increase of the same must be put in vre & practize: among which, is: con∣tinuall vse and exercyse of wryting and speaking: adhibiting therein order, reason & measure, & not patteringe the same ouer rashlye, confuselye or without aduysement. There is nothing in the world more refreshed, maynteyned and strengthe∣ned, throughe care, study, industry, dilligence, re∣gard and heede, then Memory: Againe, nothing in the world through negligence, slouth, securitye and carefulnes, so soone marred and defaced.

And euen as it is a meere vanity and foolishe braggrie (as one sayth) in this Myraculous gift of Memory, to boast of Arte rather then of Na∣ture: so againe, I deeme him a righte wyse man, that bestoweth care & diligence to make the gifts of Nature and qualityes of his mynde, floury∣shing, pregnaunt and fruictful: euen as the good and thryftie Husbandman by manuraunce doth vnto his ground, to make it ranke and fertile.

And now, that I may here set downe precepts of Phisicke, to keepe this fyelde from growing? barreyne, first of all I am to aduyse such as bee desyrous to preserue and keepe this goodlye and necessary Vertue perfect and stedfast, to vse light

Suppers, or if he happē to make full and larger suppers, to walke after it: to be meery and plea∣saūtly conceipted: to lay asyde (for the time) ear∣nest cares: and not to perplexe his brayne wyth troublesome thoughts, nor his mynde with scru∣pulosities. And after he hath in this sort after Supper, spent an houre and a half, let him go to bedde and take his naturall reste, lyinge vpon the right syde: and arysing earely in the morning, let him exonerate nature by all those officiall mem∣bers that serue for euacuation and auoydinge of bodely excrementes: First, let him rubbe his tō∣gue, and combe his heade gently with an Yuorye Combe, let him vse to haue his heade polled, spe∣cially if the season of the yeare, the Countrey and Custome requyre or permitte it: for to vse it in Wynter, or where the weather is extreeme Cold, it is no lesse hurtfull and vnholesome, then foo∣lishe and ridiculous. For they bereeue, take a∣way and disapoynte themselues of those helpes & defences of Nature, which propulse colde and o∣ther outwarde iniuryes, & in steede thereof keepe their heads warme w^t other deuysed couertures.

But when the weather is myelde and calme, and the Countrey temperate, I myslike not (as touchinge healthynesse of bodye) shauinge of the crowne of the head. For thereby grosse vapours which hurt the Memory, haue more scope and li∣berty to euaporate and fume oute. And there∣fore some in my opynion, take a holesome way for

healthynesse (so they do it without anye maner of superstition otherwyse) which go pollshorne and haue theyr heads shauen to the hard scalpe. For by this meanes all they that are encombred wyth Rhewmes, Catarrhes, and headach, fynde much ease, and so do all they that haue theyr eyesighte (through abundaunce of Humours) dymme, and theyr hearing thicke, and theyr smelling stopped: insomuch that for the redresse of certayne disea∣ses of the head, losse of right witts, feeblenes of brayne, dottrye, phrensie, Bedlem madnesse, Me∣lancholicke affections, furie and franticke fitts, Phisitions deeme it the beste waye to haue the hayre cleane shauen of. Which in my iudgemēt is not to be taken as a vayne or absurde fable, for that both experience and reason perswadeth and enforceth some credite thereto: forsomuch as e∣uery man after his beard hath beene trimmed or cleane shauen of, feeleth himselfe a greate deale meryer, and lesse wayward and ouerthwart then he was before.

Furthermore my ordenarye custome is to aduyse them that haue defectyue and dymme eyes, and that be thicke of hearynge, or sub∣iecte to the poze, to haue theyr heades rub∣bed, and theyr Beardes shauen or some such order and fashion, as maye moste commodi∣ouslye serue for those partes: And accor∣dinglye as euerye Countrye hath his peculier guyse, to vse the Barbers helpe in trymmynge

and handling y^e same: for after y^e same, euery man looketh both smugger and fayrer, and is also of mynde more myeld and tractable, so that his out∣ward courage seemeth to reioyce & to be pleasaūt and lustye: his Memory made more perfecte and cleare: his Spirits (which are they y^e moue vs to do this and that) reuyued and styrred vp: and all the Senses (a litle afore dulled and broughte as it were a sleepe) shewe forth themselues in theyr most brauery and perfection.

And if he vse now & thē to rynse and wash his mouth, Iawes and palate: to rubbe his teeth, to wype and cleanse his Nose, to picke his eares & mundify them from al baggage & fylthynesse, stil to dilate & to open his breaste wyth Coughinge, hawking, neesing and popping or smacking with the mouthe, to exonerate his lower partes, as the Ventricle, Mylte, Lyuer, Bowelles, Bealie and Bladder of their ordinary Excrements: not onelye the Memorye, but also all the Organes of the mynde besyde, and euery seuerall faculty of the Soule shalbe well enhabled throughlye and wythout stoppe or let, to discharge and do their proper functions and offices.

And because for the most parte, the Colde and Moyst quality is most hurtfull to Memory and oppresseth it, therfore the same by his contraries is to be subdued & maystered: by such (I meane) as haue vertue, power, and efficacy, to wast and dispatche superfluous Humours, and to streng∣then and comfort the Brayne: of which sort are

these: Nuttmigges, speciallye those that are not cleane dry, rotten, and without iuyce, Rosemarye flowers, and the stemmes therof & all confectiōs made w^t the same: sweete Maioram, Baulme, Stychas of both sortes, Pionie rootes, and the yonge bearies thereof, mystleden, Hyssope, and Sauoury, which being boyled wyth meates, yel∣deth forth a pleasaunte smell and sauour, for it flourisheth greene in Wynter & wythereth not: & in the number of these, adde Betonie, Cowslips, Maron, or common Organie or welde Maio∣ram, Basil, roots of flower Delyce of both sorts, Enula Cāpana, Radishe which is a roote vsual∣lye echwhere eaten at meales in Sommer to pro∣uoke an appetite: and among forreyne and out∣lādish Spices, Zedoaria, Cloues, Macis, which is the rynde that couereth y^e Nutmigge, Gynger, specially greene & condite in Honie, righte Gla∣dē, Cassia, Cynamome, Cubebes, Myrobalanes condite or preserued in honie.

The more parte of all these may eyther be re∣duced into Syrupes, or stamped into powder or Condiments: or els the decoction or infusion of them may be taken, specially of such as dwel in Cold and Moyste places, and be of nature verye Phlegmaticke. For they that be stryken in yea∣res and their Humours dryed vp and exhausted, had neede to haue aswell their bodyes as the Instrumentes of theyr Senses moystened, & wyth nourishinge alimentes of sweete and plea∣saunt quality to be humected, as the Ryndes of

Citron, that is, of Pomegranades condite, Ly∣quirice, water Lillie commonlye named Nenu∣phar, Buglosse, Borage, Reysons (the stones be∣ing taken out) Coraunts and all such as do mo∣derately calefie and humecte. Of which sort are these, Honie, Sugar, Wyne that is swetish, But∣ter and new layed Egges, Pyneapplekernelles, sweete Almonds that be not fustie, vinued nor old, Nutts called Pistacia, Chestnutts meanelye parched, and fylberds: for Walnutts be hurtful to the Memory, and so are Onyons, because they annoy the eyes wyth a dazeling dymnes, through a hoate vapour, euen as Lactuce doth with cold, through a somniferous vertue and power in it.

But Rapes and Turneppes eyther sodde or boyled, do wonderfully clarefye the eyes, and are very beneficiall for the sight, and they that be dis∣posed to try, shal fynd it by experience very true: by reasō of their great stoare of hoat & moyst fla∣tuousnes, whereby they also encrease generatiue Seede, and stirre vp Venus, specially being cō∣dite with Gynger.

As touching what kinds of smal Braynes be best for this purpose, this is first to be vnderstā∣ded, that there cannot be any thing of more vertue and strength to comforte Memory and keepe it in a right sound perfection, then y^e Braynes of Par¦tridges, next of Sparrowes, and all such Byrds as be naturally much styrring, & exercise themsel∣ues still in flickering and flying, wherof in an o∣ther place we shal speake more at large.

Washing of y^e head, although many greatly mis∣lyke not, yet do I counsell none to vse it. For it weakeneth the skull and Braine panne, and ma∣keth it at euery small cold and blast of wynd, sub∣iect to distillations & Catarrhes. But to wash y^e feete in a decoction of Baye leaues, Rosemary & Fenel, I greatly disalow not: for it turneth away from the head vapours & fumes dimming and o∣uercasting the minde.

Now the better to represse fumes and propulfe vapours frō the Brain, it shalbe excellēt good af∣ter Supper, to chaw w^t the teeth (y^e mouth being shut) a few graynes of Coriander first stieped in veneiger, wherin Maiorā hath bin decocted, & thē thinnly crusted or couered ouer w^t Sugar. It is scarce credible what a special cōmodity this brī∣geth to y^e memory. No lesse vertuous & soueraign is the cōfection of Quinces called Diacidonion, if a prety quantity thereof be likewise takē after meat. For it disperseth fumes, & suffreth not va∣pours to strike vpward, & y^e fame effect also haue certayne graynes of Mastix swalowed.

Also it is right excellent & cōfortable now & then to smell to such things as yelde a sweete & odori∣ferous sauour, namely such as be of nature pear∣sing & calefactiue, as Lignū Aloes, Clofegelofres Rosemary flowers, Basil, Nigella, Ambregryce, Syuet, redde Roses, Hony suckle flowers, Frēch spyknard, and many other y^• yelde forth a stronge smel, but the seme right pleasaunt, comfortable, & delightfull. All these refresh the Spirits, & wyth

their soote sauours wonderfullye comforte the Brayne.

If a man or woman seeme (to outward iudg∣ment) in a maner past recouery, and be broughte to extreeme obliuion, as they be y^t haue y^• disease called Lethargus or the drowsye euill: it shalbe right good for them to annoynt y^e outsyde of their Nucha and nape of their necks wyth the Oyle of Castor, Nigella, Euphorbe, Costus, Rocket, and inwardly to take a litle of the confection of Ana∣cardus, or els therewyth to rubbe the tongue. For is dissolueth Phlegme that is extremelye colde, moyst, and viscous: Insomuch that it restoreth speach to them that be striken wyth y^e Apoplexie, and recureth the staggeringe and stayinge of the tongue, bringinge it againe to his righte vse: Which thinge maye also be done and broughte to passe wyth Oximel Scillit. and Aqua vite, wherein a fewe graynes of Rocket haue beene stieped.

Vnto these helpes, in daungerous and despe∣rate discrasies (when nothing else will helpe) we flee for refuge and succour: but in distemperaū∣ces and grieues that be myelder, and not of such extremity, others now rehearsed may serue, as Syrupe de Stichade. Dia Anthos dulcis, Aur••a Alexandrina, Dia castorium, Pliris cum Musco, Triacle and Mythridatum.

By experience and daily proofe it is founde true, that Agalochus (commonly called Lignum Aloes) being eyther vsed in perfume, or smelled

vnto with the Nose, hath a marueylous vertue to corroborate the Brayne & refresh the Senses: insomuch that beinge stamped, puluerized, and myngled wyth some Cloues and the boane of a Rauens harte, and then all mixed with Oyle of Nigella, hath such souereigne vertue in streng∣thening & comfortinge y^• Braine, that if the head of a Cocke be therewith annoynted, he wil crowe continually without any ceassing.

¶Of the state and disposition of a hoate and dry body: with a Discourse of the nature, condition, maners, and inclination of a Cholericke person. The v. Chapter.

FOrsomuch as among the outward things of Nature, there is nothing of any longe conti∣nuaunce and stability, neither that long keepeth it selfe at any certayne state and vigour, but all subiect to decay, alteration, and case worse and worse: truly the state of mankinde doth specially and more then anye other, suffer sundry alterati∣ons, and is subiecte to great chaunge and muta∣bility. Thus, is a Hoate and Moyst Complexi∣on, in processe and tract of time, brought into a state Hoat and Drye, For, Heate by litle and litle

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both slyly and closely wast and consume naturall Humour, and bringeth all the body into drynesse: which quality for prolongation and lengtheninge of lyfe, is the greatest ennemy that can bee. For as the flame in a Torche or Taper feedeth vpon the combustible matter thereof, and is therewith nourished, which being all wasted and consumed, the same flame also quencheth and no longer bur∣neth: so likewyse natiue heate by little and little weareth away, and diminisheth the iuyce & moy∣sture, wherewith it is nourished, and finally brin∣geth the cause of destruction both to it self, and to the whole body beside.

Nowe, that constitution of body, which consi∣steth of a hoate and dry qualitye and thereof hath his name, hauinge warme Humour throughe these qualities encreased, maketh and consti∣tuteth a Cholericke man, by reason of the greate stoare of Choler which is in him: of which Hu∣mour there be two sortes and differences: the one natural, the other besyde nature. Natural Cho∣ler is the excrement of bloud concoct, bitter in sa∣uour, and in colour and effect fyerie. When the heate of the Lyuer is moderate, then is it yealow and shyninge: but when this viscositye is ouer∣much enkindled, then doth Choler also boyle w^t heate, and is of colour darcke, Yelowish, like vn∣to Pruse Bier, called in Dutche Iopen Bier, or like vnto Oyle or melted Butter, when it is bur∣ned, and with much frying becommeth blackishe of colour: whereby it commeth to passe that the

colour before Yelowe, chaungeth and is turned into a sadde blacke: which sometime apparaunt∣ly vttereth and sheweth it selfe in the vtter parte of the skinne, whensoeuer this Cholerique Hu∣mour diffuseth and disperseth it selfe into the same skinne.

Choler hath in the body two offices: for parte of it being mixed wyth the bloud, passeth into the Veynes, to make the same more conuenientlye to penetrate into euery one of the narow passages, & to bee conueighed to such members as requyre & haue neede of the nourishment of Choler. The other part, is sente to the bladder of the Gall, an∣nexed and tyed to the nether ende of the Lyuer, wherein the wonderfull prouidence of Gods Al∣mighty handyworke wel appeareth, in y^•, he hath appointed the same Entraile, whereunto he hath geeuen an admyrable vertue to attract and helpe digestion, to be also a receyuer and Receptorye of superfluous and vnprofitable Humour: to then∣tent no harme or inconuenience should thereby in any wise happen to the other members.

For Choler is of that nature y^• yeldeth out a fie∣ry force, whose motion (as it were a fier brande) stirreth vp and incēseth our minds to hasty moo∣des and furious rages. And for this cause An∣gre is defined to be a heate and certaine boylinge of the Bloud aboute the Heart, wherewith the Braine also beinge excyted by Choler, is set in a heate and testines, desyrous of reueng, whensoe∣uer any iniury is offered. And to the lower parts

prouoke and irrite the Guttes and Bowelles to auoyde superfluous excrementes: For which purpose, Natures prouidence hath deuised and framed sundry passages needeful for y^• purginge, conueighaunce and euacuation of all such super∣fluous Humours: to witte, the Kidneyes and the Vryne Pypes, the empty or fasting Gutte called Intestinum Ieiunum (which through y^e sowrenes of Choler flowinge into it, continuallye dryueth out the Excrements,) the Bladder, Eares, and Pores, appointed for the auoydaunce and expul∣sion of sweate. And in the most parte of these, if obstructions shoulde happen, all the whole fylthy masse of noysome Humour, is thereby kept with∣in the body, and then geeueth violente assaulte to some of the principall partes. So when the bagge or Bladder of the Gall or Receptacle of Choler, is not able to exonerate it selfe of that baggage, drosse and superfluity, which it drewe from the Lyuer: it emptyeth and casteth it eyther into the Uentricle, or els into the holownesse of the Lyuer. And thus it commeth to passe, that Choler being diffused and spred ouer all the bo∣dy, imperteth both his qualitye and colour to the Bloud.

Hereof commeth the Iaundice (named Mor∣bus Regius, for y^•, it requyreth a moste exquisite dict, and Princelike fare) which maketh all the body Yelowe as a Kytes foote, and coloured like Saffron or as Syluer, that is stroaked ouer w^t Gold.

And if the small and slender Gutts be therewith teinted, it putteth a man to intollerable torment & payne. This passion is called Iliaca Passio, the wrynginge of the Gutts, and also Conuoluulum, for that, the Guttes do seeme to puckar and crū∣ple together like the string of an Harpe, or any o∣ther Instrument.

This disease commeth either of an inflamma∣tion, or of costyuenes, when the ordure is drye & hard parched, and no sufficiente stoare of Chole∣rique Humour to expel & scowre awaye the Ex∣crements. So if the vpper part of the Gutt be affected, the meate is caste vp: if the neither, or∣dure auoydeth at the mouthe: by reason that the Tuell or foundment is so closely shut, that not so much as a poore fyest can passe or get out thence. Manye affects besyde, doth Choler engender, as Tertian and burning Agues, when as it putre∣fyeth without the Veynes, which because they be largely and diligently set out in sundry Boo∣kes of Phisicke, by many & sundry learned Phi∣sitians published, I thincke it best here to sur∣ceasse from anye further recitall and declaration thereof.

But I purpose now briefly by the way to shew the nature and cōditions of a Hoat and dry Cō∣plexion, & then of a Cholericke person, & finallye by what markes and tokens they are to be per∣ceyued, discerned, found out and knowen. And first to speake of the outwarde signes: A body of this Constitution is hoat, slender, leane muscu∣lous,

of decēt bignesse and meane stature: and al∣though some be of growth and talnes but smal & litle: yet are they liuely, daper, quicke, ••ymble, and as litle Bees, euer stirrynge and whyskinge about, And

VVithin that litle Corps of theirs, right noble Stomackes haue.

Of colour they be brownish, aburne or somewhat ruddie, specially whē their angry moode is vp, or their bodyes chaufed and set in heate wyth exer∣cyse: & some be pale or yelowish. Their skinne rough: their arteries and Veynes bigge and ap∣paraunt, & not lying hidden vnder the flesh: theyr Vryne redde, saffron coloured, or bright yelowe according to the proportion of Choler and heate: Their Pulse quicke and swyft, as also their gate and maner of going is. Their tongue rolling at pleasure, ready and flowing in vtteraunce: theyr haire blacke: and in some, curled and naturallye fryzeled: when as the heate and drynesse is verye great and vehement: Neyther will the same tyll after long time waxe hoarie and gray, but yet by reason of drynesse soone waxe bald. Their Nose crooked like a Hawkes bill: and in manye, espe∣cially Germaynes, Polonians, Hungarians and Dutchmen, redde beardes, and bright yealowye hayre, which commeth of glitteringe cleare shy∣nynge Choler, that is not adusted wyth feruente heate. In the Lowe Countryes, those that be

redde hayred (are of the vulgar sorte) noted, as men subiecte to some naughtye disposition and lewd conditions, secretely harboroughing within their minds.

For as Themistocles his Tutour gaue iudg∣mente of no meane thinge, like to proue & come to passe in his sayd Scholer, but that hee woulde be eyther a singuler staye and ornamente to hys Countrye, or els some notable plague and de∣trimente to the same: so also the Belgiana, by a common and vsuall by worde among them, saye, that at the hands of such persons, eyther thinges most excellent, or els most villanous, are to bee expected and hoped for. Furthermore in their daylye speache they vse this as a common Pro∣uerbe amonge them, Rooden baert selden goedt oft van goeden aerdt, Which is as much to say, y^• Redde bearded men are seldome of anye good disposition: for that, in the whole course of theyr lyfe, maners, conuersation, dealinges, byinge, sel∣ling, & bartering, they seeke to vndermyne and o∣uereach others w^t slye shifts and craftye bargay∣nes, euidētly arguyng, what cūning dealing lur∣keth w^tin them to entrappe and deceiue other mē.

Which disposition and inclination, as I can not deny but is found true in verye many of that Constitution, for wante of vertuous bringinge vp, and laudable institution: So againe, do I know many, hauing such coloured Beards, whose commendable qualities, and rare ver∣tues haue aduaunced them to Honourable

roumes and dignityes. For euen in Princes Courts, in Assēblies of Nobles, Peeres, & Ma∣gistrats, amonge honest substantial Trafiquers, and namely of those that dwell Northernely, wee see very manye of tryed Vertue, & singuler wise∣dome, right worthely wyth integritye & vpright∣nes admynistringe their Publique charges and functions wherein they be placed.

Now, whereas some haskerdly Peizaunts, & rascall persons, hauinge such coloured beards, be pratlers and praters, in keeping counsell, as close as a Syeue, settinge all vppon sixe and se∣uen, without any regard or consideration of anye thinge, Dingthryftes and Spendalles, the same do I impute to lewde education, which draweth the procliuity of their Nature to vntoward and pieuish maners. For hereof it cōmeth, that such persons be found to be vnconstant, crafty, deceit∣full, suttle, wylie, cogginge, turning the cat in the panne, full of leigier de mayne, & so fickle of word and deede, that a man may not wel & safely deale wyth them nor truste them, as persons in whom there is no more holde then is of a wet Eele by y^• ••ayle, and in anye bargayne or dealing be it neuer so intricate and cumbersome, can fynde meanes to slyp the coller and wyende themselues oute of daunger. Wherevnto if other imperfections & defectes of the bodye be added, they argue yet a worse Nature & more geeuen to mischiefe: wher∣vppon the Poet Martiall very aptly sayth:

Blacke hayrde, short footed, purblynde eke and Beard all ouer redde: Take such a one in doing good, and strike me of his heede.

Which disposition is rooted in them, partlye throughe the influence of the Planetes, viz. of the Sunne and Mercury, & partly (which I rather take to be the chiefe and speciall cause) throughe thynnes of Cholerique Humour and of vncleane Spyrits, which being enduedwith a subtile heat, pricketh a styrreth them forwarde to put in prac∣tyse such kinde of pranckes and Pageauntes. Furthermore amōg these kinde of persons, there be some diuersly disposed, and of sundry conditi∣ons, wranglers, busye medlers in other mens matters, yallers, hoat as a toast, Choplogicks, & pratlers, wyth tongue at wil, and are as Iuue∣nall fotlie sayth:

Of dapper vvit and desperate bolde, fyne phrasde vvith galant grace, More eloquent then Isaeus, for euery time and cace. Eche person can they aptly play, at ech Art can they ame, At Grammer, Rhetricke Geometry, Paynting, and for the game. At soothsaying, and cunningly vppon a Roape to daunce,

At Phisicke, Magicke, rype are they, and free of euery Haunce,

Such commonlye are Dizardes, Gesturers, Stage players, Iugglers, Tumblers and Ro∣gish pedlers, ydly raunging about the Country, Iangling pratlers, Fortuile tellers, mynstreis & such other lyke busye bragginge Counterfeictes, looking bigge vpon the matter, and in theyr ma∣ner of gate, hands, coūtenaunce, eyes and speach, ful of gestures, impudently presumyng to shuffle themselues into euery companye and place of as∣sembly, hauing an Oare in euery mans Boate, and entermedling in other mens matters, wher∣in they haue nothing to deale. In Sleepe, ve∣ry vnquiet, leaping sometime out of their bedds, because their Spyrits be very hoat, which incyte & awake thē vp (euen beyng a sleepe) to motion & walking about. For Choler frameth and fashi∣oneth the mynds of men many wayes, producing and causynge in them diuers maners, phansyes, delightes and inclynations. And hereuppon it happeneth that whosoeuer is of a hoate and drye Constitution, & reckened in the number of Cho∣lericke men, is naturally fierce, arrogante, impe∣rious, stately vntractable and vnruly:

Quicke, testy, not entreatable. of stomacke very stoute:

Not thinking Lavves vvere for them made, but fight and blade it out. This is my vvill, this is my hest, thus shall it be, I say, Thus I commaunde, my vvill in steede of reason beareth svvay.

But as hee is by Nature verye testye and soone angry, so is his Cholerique moode soone alayed and pacifyed.

Nowe, sythens besyde yealowe Choler which onely is called Naturall, there be dyuers other differences thereof also, wee muste orderlye en∣treate as occasion falleth out, of euery one parti∣culerly.

First of Yelowe Choler is engendred Pale, or of the colour of a Pomecytron, meane betwene greene and yelowyshe. It beareth chiefe swaye at the beginninge of the Sprynge, in yonge men and bodyes not yet come to their full growth, when as freshe Bloude newlye sprowteth in theyr Bodyes. Whereuppon, that Age speci∣allye at this tyme of the yeare is muche subiecte to Tertian Agewes, namelye if this Humoure throughe obstruction do putrefye, and beynge scattered withoute the Veynes, happen to bee enflamed. Muche lyke whereunto is the

Bastard Tertian: so called, for that, it is engen∣dred not altogether of Yelowe Choler, but hath some part of Phlegme also ioyned wyth it. For Burning Agewes do proceede and be enkindled of redde Choler, putrefyinge and rotting within the Veynes, which bringe a man into ydle talke, Phrenste and rauing. For they that be herewith affected conceyue in theyr myndes certayne fonde and absurde imaginations, thinking themselues to see some tertible apparitiōs and sights, wher∣by in the nights they be greatly troubled in their sleepes and sore affrighted.

Tost and turmoylde vvith dreadfull dreames, and grysly griepes by night, Vext vvith vaine terrours in their Sleepe, appearing to their sight.

They dreame of fyer and burning of houses & Townes, and thincke all the worlde to be in an vprore and hurly burlye, killinge and sleying one an other: and some of these phantasticall imagi∣nations sometime happen to a man wythout any Agewe, when as the fumosity of Choler stryketh vp into the Brayne. Which if they happen of a∣ny longe continuaunce to disturbe the bodye and mynde, it shalbe most expedient to take an other order of diet, and foorthwyth to purge Choler by vomyte, sweate, and euacuation by Siege, which may be conueniently done wyth Radix Pontica, and such things as prouoke Vryne, as these

Herbes: Alkakengie, Sperage, Gardeyne Pars∣lye, Anyse seede, and Fenell seede: forbearyng all hoate, fat and sweete meates, which are very apte to be turned into Choler, excepting onelye Rey∣sons & Liquirice: and onely to eate such thinges as are of vertue to qualefye and alay the heate of Bloud.

And specially Sleepe must be prouoked with Lactuce and other salet herbes, that do humecte and refresh the Brayne and all other parts of the body. For albeit to hoat and dry complexions, and all Cholericke persons many things be both hurtful and pernicious, yet is nothing more noy∣some and preiudiciall then vnseasonable labour, watch, long forbearing of victuals, fumish anger and testynesse, Venus and immoderate company of Women. For euery of these doth waste and consume the strength and powers of Nature: neyther may any thing be conueniently taken frō them that be drye and leane maye marye, they had rather neede to be franked and tenderlye fedde w^t delicate fare and deinty cheere, to restoare and mayneteyne them: then eyther to be skanted, or to take that which wasteth nature. For es Cattle best lyketh in rāke pasture wherin is good grasse and water ynough: so do they of this Complexi∣on require exquisite fare. And euen as those Trees and Sprayes that do not burgen and ra∣mifye, would not be lopped nor cutte: so likewise wearish weakened bodyes (lacking many things in respect of a firme habite of bodely constitutiō)

oughte not in any parte to be weakened, neyther can well spare any thinge to be taken away from them.

But there is an other kinde of Choler, swar∣uing and degenerating from Natural order and meane, called of Phisitions Yolkie Choler, bo∣rowing his name of the yolke of an Egge, whose colour and consistencie, it doth neerelye resem∣ble. For by meanes of his excessiue heate it is thickishe, and of colour f••ery, and verye yelowe: which if it should happen to putrefye and bee en∣flamed, it breedeth Agues most ardente and bur∣ning. Therefore forsomuch as this kinde of Choler is shrunke and gone from mediocritye, it shalbe expedient to frame a cleane contrary diet, and to ensue an other maner of order, for the sub∣duing and dryuing away of this straung quality. For if a man should still cheerish and tender it w^t his like nourishmentes, he should do nothing else but exasperate the distemperaunce, & encrease the tyranny therof, and make it more vehement.

There is also an other kinde of Choler, cal∣led Leekish, so named because it is as grene as a Leeke, which is bred and engendred in the Sto∣macke, through naughty and corrupte iuyce, & of certain grosse potherbes: of which sort, are Gar∣licke, Leekes, Onyons, Cresses, Rocket, Cole∣wortes, Betes, Cheruyle. For when as Nature is not able to subdue and mayster these and suche like nourishmēts, they be tourned into a Leekish or greene Choler, which being sometime parbra∣ked

and cast vp by vomyte, leaue in the tongue & Chawes, a certayne bitter relice and sharpe sa∣uour, insomuch that w^t other sweete licour it is hard to be gotten away and abolished. Also this noysome Humour sometime is engendred in the Lyuer and Veynes, by meanes of some greeuous sicknes, whē as yolkie coloured Choler is adust with vehement inflammation of straunge heate, which to vomyte vp by perbraking, Hippocrates affirmeth to be most daungerous.

Out of this proceedeth yet an other excremēt, worse then any of the rest, called (of a likenes that it hath with rusty brasse) Rusty or Brassie Cho∣ler, which is engēdred of Leekish or greene Cho∣ler vehemently adust. For when the humidity is with intensed heate excocted, it becommeth dry & resembleth the rust of Brasse: which thinge wee may plainly perceiue by hoat glowing things, ex∣tremely burnt in the fyer, whereunto the nature of Choler maye verye aptly be compared. For the force and vertue of fier, chaungeth the wood, first into burning coales, then into blacke coales, and last of all, when the fyer hath quite consumed all, and heate is slaked, into Ashes. So likewyse in the body of mankinde, Choler is first of saffrō colour, then (as heat encreaseth) Leekishe, some∣what contrary to nature: next Brassie or rustie, & last of al, blewish or skie colour, like vnto Wadde an Herbe that Fullers and Dyers vse in colou∣ring and dying their clothes, which last of all is tourned into perfect black Choler or Melācholy.

All these sortes of Choler, endued wyth viru∣lent and poysonous qualityes, infecte the mynde wyth lewde conditions, and the body wyth loath∣some diseases, whereof many be of such malig∣naunt nature, that hardly wil be cured: as eating Cankers, corrodinge vlcers, runninge pockes, loathsome tettars or ryngwormes in the face, Morphew, the Carbuncle, wyeld fier or S. An∣tonies fier, Herpes, the eating & deuouring Vl∣cer called Estiomenus, and of Courtiers (who commonly more then others are thereto subiect) named the Wolfe: for it exulcerateth the skinne, and eateth the fleshe to the very boanes, rottinge and putrefyinge the same, depryuing the member of lyfe, and from feeling of any paine, besyde ma∣ny other loathsome and cōtagious diseases, pro∣ceeding and sprynging out of the common syncke and concurrencye of these Humours, in somuch that a man in this case caryeth about wyth hym nothing els, but a stinkinge rotten and corrupte Carkasse:

And loathsom lymms, replete vvith mattry fylth.

¶Of a colde and drye Complexion: where∣in the Nature and condition of a Melancho∣lique person (because hee is of this tempe∣rature & subiect to Choler) is at large de∣clared: wyth remedies how to quale∣fie and subdue the same, fullye decyphered The vi. Chapter.

THose bodyes of all others are in worst case & habite, which consiste and be constituted of y^e combination and composition of Cold and Dry. For considering that the mayntenaunce and con∣seruation of lyfe consisteth in Hoat and Moyste: who is he that can rightlye commende or allowe that quality and constitutiō of body, which wea∣reth away & wasteth these fomentations or chee∣rishmentes of lyfe, beyng the chiefe & onely 〈◊〉〈◊〉 of health and welfare? For we see in the whole course of Nature, and in all thinges within the vniuersall Worlde, Plantes, Herbes, all Crea∣tuers endued wyth life, Men and all that lyue by breath, when they be once depryued, or lacke heat and moysture, quickly to decay, & growe vnto de∣struction.

For none other thing is Death, neyther can a∣nye fitter definition be deuysed for it, then to saye, that it is an abolishment and destruction of lyfe &

Nature spirable, & an extinctiō of the first qua∣lities, wherof the Humours haue their being and mayntenaunce. Whensoeuer therfore a man ar∣ryueth & is broughte into these qualityes, either by Sicknesse, Nature, or by Age and course of yeares, let him make his ful reckning that Death is not farre of. For as touching vncertayne, haps and sodaine casualties which euery minute of an houre hauge ouer all our heades generallye, I thincke not meete hytherto to be referred, nor in this place to be reckened: for y^• they happē violēt∣ly and agaynst Nature, making an ende of lyfe sooner then by course of nature else should bee. Which happes and chaunces as they ought not to terrifye and dismaye any man, eyther iourney∣ing or Seafaring (forasmuch as euery Christiā oughte to commende and referre the successe and euent of his whole affayres and busynes, into the hands of God his Diuine prouidēce & pleasure, and vnto him onelye wyth firme Fayth to leane: So also in this plight and disposition of bodye, (threatned with death and extreeme dissolution) there is no cause why a mā should quayle in cou∣rage, or retchelessely (by all conuenient meanes he may) neglect to tender and cheerish his body: but so longe as anye sparke of lyfe lasteth, neuer to ceasse to vse all such helpes and foments, as may serue to the prolongation of his dayes. For God of his bounteous liberality, hath gratiously gee∣uen and appoynted manye thinges, whereby the same may well and fully be brought about.

For as fruictlesse trees, by pruning and indu∣strie are made fruictfull: and as barrayne groūd, (wearyed with long tyllage) wyth dunging and composting, is agayne restoared to fertility: so likewyse bodyes that bee drye, are wyth nourish∣ment fit for the restoration of Nature, comforted, and brought euen vnto the full appoynted & pre∣fixed terme that by Nature is limitted, as it were into the Hauen that we longe wished. Which hope of prolongation and lengtheninge of lyfe, no man of reasonable and indifferente iudgement in consyderation of Humaine thinges can disalow, so that, euery man herein (submitting his will & mynde vnto his Maker and Creatour in whom all thinges haue their beinge and consistence) re∣ferre his dealings and desyres, vnto his godlye dispensation and appoyntment, acknowledginge all things (whatsoeuer they be) to be gouerned & directed by the decree of his omnipotente plea∣sure.

But because Melancholy is subiect vnto a cold and dry quality, neither can anye plighte or state of body (proceedinge hence) be worse then it, nor more incommodious to health: therefore it seemeth needeful, to make some further discourse of the condition, nature, effect, strength and diffe∣rences thereof, and how greatlye it affecteth both the body and the mynde of man.

For all mē for the most part at the beginning of the Sprynge and Downefall of the Leafe (at which season of the yeare this Humour doth

most ryfely abound) are subiect to Melācholicke affectiōs, namely those that be Magistrates and Officers in the Commonwealth, or Studentes which at vnseasonable times sit at their Bookes & Studies. For through ouermuch agitatiō of y^e mynd, natural heat is extinguished, & y^e Spyrits aswell Animall as Vitall, attenuated and vanish away: whereby it cōmeth to passe, that after their vitall iuyce is exhausted, they fall into a Colde & Drye constitution.

And of this Melancholike Humour there be two differences, the one Naturall, the other be∣side Nature. That Melancholie which is na∣turall and familiar to a man, is mylder and lesse hurtfull then the other. For being caryed and conueyghed into the Veynes together wyth the Bloud, it nourisheth the members that be of lyke Nature and cōdition to it selfe, & vnto them my∣nistreth nourishmente, as the Boanes, Grystles, Ligaments and Synewes.

For this Humour is not vnlike vnto Beasts feete when they be soddē and brought into a Iel∣lie, which in eatinge, cleaue to the fyngers and lyppes, as tough as Brydlyme: whereby it cau∣seth Bloud to haue a good power retentyue, and to be thicker: because when it is ioyned with per∣fect Bloud, and wyth the sweetenes thereof tem∣pered and alayed, as a sower grape with Hony or Sugar, it thereuppon becommeth in tast and re∣lyce not altogether sower or bitter, as those thin∣ges that exasperate the Iawes and Palate, but

somewhat tart and sowrysh, and as it is commō∣ly tearmed, Ponticke: such a relyce I meane, as is in a grape (out of which new Must is pressed) being not as yet come to his perfect rypenes and maturytie, such as in the latter ende of Autumne is brought out of Germany and Fraūce into the Lowe Countryes, to slaunche and sill the glut∣ting desyre and greedynesse of some: which beinge very sower in tast, (insomuch y^t it seemeth to take away the vpper skinne of the tongue,) theyr vse is to condite wyth hony and hony combes: to make it (for them that haue quaysye stomackes) better relyced, & pleasaunter in taste. And as y^e dreggs, mother, or settlinges of Oyle, reteyne a tallage of the Oyle: and as the Lees of Wyne keepe a certayne tast, relyce and smell of the Nature of Wyne: Euen so Melācholicke iuyce which pro∣ceeded from Bloud, reteyneth the spettle and tast thereof. Wherefore this Humour maye seeme somewhat vnproperly to be called Atra bilis, sy∣thens there is in it no adustion, but (as Galene sayth) a bloud or Melancholike iuyce, which is nothinge els then the dryer and thicker parte of bloud, altogether lyke vnto dregges and Lees, y^t settleth in the bottom of the vessel, and conserueth the strength & vigour of the Wyne, and suffreth it not to wast and vanish. And as the Lees or Dregges of Wyne called in Dutch Droesen or Moeder, serue to good vse and purpose, for the making of Aqua vite wythall: Euen so Melan∣cholicke iuyce which (it I may so plainly terme

it) is y^• setling and refuse of Bloud, hath in it an holesom vse and commodity. For one part goeth into the Veynes, and helpeth bloude: the other part (much like to the former) is drawen by the Lyuer into the Splene or Mylt: & hauing thence afterwards issue into the Stomacke, (on the left syde wherof it lyeth) styrreth vp appetite to meat, throughe the sharpnesse and sowrenes that is in it. This viscous substaunce being soft thinne, fungous, and like vnto a Spūge, is the Chāber of Melācholie, and a Receptory appoynted by na∣ture, to draw out vnto it, the dregges of Bloude: and sometimes so much swelled wyth aboundāce of excrements, as though it would oppresse and kill a mā: according whereunto the Cappadocian Baude in Plautus bewayleth his owne case in these woords:

My health decreaseth day by day, My paine encreaseth on as fast: My svvagging Mylt doth eu'ry vvay, like gyrdle, rounde begyrde my vvast. A man vvould iudge that I did beare, vvithin my Beally, Children tvvayne: VVretch that I am, I greatly feare, least burste I shall in middle, plaine.

Which part of y^e body because it is a great hin∣let to nymblenes and agilitye, and a fowle cūber∣some loade to Runners, Postes, Currours and speedy Messengers, the ignoraunt commō people sometime thoughte and were perswaded, that the beste waye was, cythe: to haue this viscous sub∣staunce

quight taken out, or els to be cauteryzed. But in very deede it is not without great daun∣ger and hazard of life to be taken oute, no more then the Testicles or Stones can from the Ca∣stor: which is a kinde of Beaste that lyueth both in water and on land: whom hūters (reporting a flymflam tale of Robinhoode) do absurdely af∣fyrme, that wyth their owne teeth they byte away their owne Stones, and for sauegarde of their lyues throwe the same at those, which pursue and chase them. Yet notwithstāding this viscousnes, if it swel and bolne ouermuch, may be qualefyed, kept downe and repressed by vsing Roman & cō∣mō Wormwood, ••etrach, Polipodie, Sene, E∣pythyme, Rosemary, Capers, Doder, Fumitory, Hartstongue, bitter Almonds, Peach kernels, Tamarixe & swete Broome: For y^e more y^t it en∣creaseth & waxeth bigger, the more the bodye py∣neth away, & becōmeth leaner: so y^t very aptly did Traiane the Emperour compare & lyken a Prin∣ces Exchequer to the Splene. For as when a Princes Coffers be full stuffed, & his Treasu∣ries enriched, y^t common people be wringed, pin∣ched & empouerished: so, whē the Splene waxeth bigge & encreaseth, the body is pyned away and wasted w^t leannesse. For somuch therefore as God his carefull prouidence hath made and or∣deyned this mēber to purefie y^• Lyuer, & to purge and skum awaye the grosse & feculent part of the Bloud: it stādeth euery mā in hand, by al meanes possible, carefully to forsee, y^• it incurre not any in∣or

take any harme. For if the Splene or Mylte should suffer obstruction, or fall into imbecillitye and weakenes: the Melācholike iuyce disperseth it selfe into euery part of the body, makinge the skinne to be of a sootie and dunne colour: and fur¦ther disquieteth the mynde, wyth sundry straung apparitions, and phantasticall imaginations.

But if it throughlye perfourme the office, for which it was ordeyned, & do exactly drincke vp y^• drossie feculencie of Bloud, it maketh a mā ther∣vppon wonderfull meerye and iocunde. For when the Bloud is syncerely purefyed, and from all grossenes and feculencie purged, the Spyrits consequently are made pure, brighte and cleare shyninge: Whose purity and clearenes causeth y^e mynde to reioyce, and amonge meery companiōs to laughe and delight in pretie deuyses, mery cō∣ceiptes and wāton phansies. Which thing like∣wyse commonly happeneth to them, that moysten and whittle themselues well wyth wyne: who (althoughe otherwyse in dealinges they be natu∣rallye sterne and surlie, and outwardlye in coun∣tenaunce and maner of gate, pretendinge a kinde of seuerity:) Yet beinge somewhat heated wyth Wyne, and lighting in the company of amorous & beautifull Damosells, they set cocke on hoope, and shake away from them al their former grim∣nes, and wayward maners, and become as meery as the meryest.

And thus haue I my selfe knowen some, and that of no meane callinge, who (eyther through

inclynation of their Nature or custome of lyfe) cleane geeuen from all companye, lookinge wyth face and countenaunce grim••••e and se∣uere, wyth browes knyt together & frowninge, wyth eyes sullen, sterne, terrible, glauncing asyde and eskāted, ynough to make such as meete them afrayde to loke vppon them: who (notwythstā∣ding) when they haue beene in company w^t yonge pleasaunte Maydens and meery Gentlewomen, haue (for the whyle) forgone & layed asyde their seueritye and Stoycal precysenes, and in Daun∣cinge haue shaken their legges, and footed it as roundly as the best: But the meery conuocation being dissolued, and the solemne myrthe fynished, haue eftsones retourned to their Olde Nature, wanted maners, and accustomed grauity.

My aduyse and counsell to them in this case is, to exhort them to vse such mery compaignyes: and often to frequent such pleasaūt conferences: thereby to acquainte themselues wyth curtesye & familiar humanitye, discontinuinge and abando∣ning that their former counterfeite and disguysed seuerity: and to dispose their minds to the wel ly∣king of Nuptiall society.

To them therefore that be Splenetique and sicke of the Mylte, and to as many moe, as are of Nature, sorowfull, lumpish and sow••••measura∣ble drynking of Wyne, exercyse of body, company & meery felowship bryngeth both a sound health, and a pleasaūtnes of lyfe. For by framyng them∣selues this way, naturall heate is strengthened,

and (lyke fier with often styrring and rakinge) begīneth to shyne, glitter & sparckle: the wearyed and lāguishing spyrits (when this synke of Me∣lācholie is once exhausted & al fuliginousnes ba∣nished) are reuiued, & w^t their shyning brightnes clarifye & illuminate all y^e senses, whose myniste∣rie the minde vseth, making them ready and apte throughlye to atchieue and execute their due offi∣ces, actions and charges. And therefore this old Verse (althoughe not curiouslye penned and fyled) which is common almoste in euerye mans mouth, seemeth to me not altogether absurd: ney∣ther much swaruinge from truth.

Mens sapit, & Pulmo loquitur, Fel suscitat iras, Spen ridere facit, cogit amare iecut.

In English thus:

VVitte from the Mynde, Speach frō the Lūges, From Gall proceedeth Ire: From Mylte is caused Laughter: from The Lyuer, Loues desire.

From the functions of which Entrailes, the Heart which is the founteyne of lyfe and natural heat, and the oryginall of vitall spyrite, is not ex∣cluded: as in whom, resteth the chiefest and moste pryncipal power and faculty, in the exployting of any thinge incident to Nature. Of it, such fa∣mous men as excell, and be renowmed for wyse∣dome

and experience, are called Cordati: & they that want, and are further of, from the same, are termed by names, taken of the impotencie & im∣perfection of the mynde in that behalfe, & of such affections as differ moste from Temperaunce and moderation. Herevppon are they that nosle themselues in Slouth, ydlenesse, negligence, lazy∣nesse & ease (neyther addicting themselues to any profitable studie, tendinge to the Glorye of God, neyther to their owne auayle and furtheraunce in dyrectinge them to anye vertuous lyuinge, are called Socordes. And an other sort worse then these (called Vecordes) be they, which yma∣gine and deuise in their mind nothing but fraud, collusion, deceipt, murther, treachery, burninge, treason, spoyle of their felow cytizens, destructi∣on to their natiue Countrey: and finally in theyr mindes laye the Platforme and weaue the toyle, of most villanous myschyeues.

Which inwarde vyces, and gracelesse out∣rages of the mynde, euidētly and apparaūtly de∣scry and shew oute themselues in the eyes, face, countenaunce, forehead, eyebrowes, and in all the outward shape and habite of the body besyde: & if it so happen that they be therein taken tardye, they frette and fume, they slampe and stare, they stand mute and speachlesse, they stagger and sol∣ter, they cogge and dissemble, they wrangle & face out the matter, they flatly denye the deede, or else aunsweare so doubtfullye and perplexedlye,

y^• a mā cānot tel▪ wher to haue them finally eyther they will laye the faulte in an other mans necke, as did Adam: or els coigne odde shyftes to cleare themselues. And if we be desyrous to haue a pa∣terne of such a one, let vs beholde Catiline, a fac∣tious yonker, (as Salust reporteth) and armed wyth the brandes of sedition against his frendes and Conntrey: whose colour (through the con∣science of his vngratious deedes, & disquietnes of mynde) was pale as ashes, and without anye bloude, his eyes terrible and grymme, his pace & gate somewhile quicke, and somewhyle slow, and in whose face and countenaunce a very harebrai∣ned and raging madnesse appeared.

Wyth the like furie and outrage was kinge Saule incensed, to commit murthers & manye o∣ther detestable enormyties. Cayn also stynged with the same furyes and remorse of mynde for killinge his brother, fell into desperation and vt∣terly mystrusted any forgeeuenes or mercy. For when as the Lord God examyned him of y^e mur∣ther which he had committed, and charged him w^t the haynous cruelty thereof, Cain as thoughe he had bene guyltlesse in the matter, flatly aunswea∣red, that hee could neither tell what was become of his brother, neyther where hee was, nor howe he fared, nor what he did, but impudētly auerred himself vtterly ignoraūt of al dealings touching the same.

Of the defectes of the heart and infirmity of y^e minde and reasonable part, are they termed Ex∣cordes,

in whom is restaunte some parte of Me∣lancholie, but the same brutishe: for they be voyd of reason, foolish, blockeheaded, doltishe, dull and doating, whom some plain wryters cal insensate. S. Paule, reprouing the Galathians of foolishnes, calleth them 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, that is to say, grossewit∣ted, dullards, blockes, fooles and not of capacity able to conceiue thinges good and holesome, but starters backe from the profession and doctrine wherein he had instructed them.

And therefore the Brayne or principalitye of Reason, conspyreth and agreeth with the strēgth and power of the heart, and these twaine do mu∣tually ayde one an other: so that they (in whom reigneth wit, reason, iudgemente and vnderstan∣ding) are very aptly called Cordati, discrete and wyse. For by the meanes of those helpes and fur∣theraunces, they stoutly attempte and couragi∣ously compasse great and waightye matters, and what soeuer the mynde conceyueth, they by direc∣tion and guyding of wysedome, bring to passe and execute.

The other afore rehearsed Entrailes, haue al∣so their proper force and efficacie, as the Gal mi∣nistreth cause and occasion to Anger, brawlinge, contention, chydinge and quarellinge. The Ly∣uer abounding with Bloud, & heated w^t Wyne, incyteth the Reynes to y^e desyre of amorous em∣bracements, fleshly concupiscence, lecherous lust, riot and lasciuiousnes. The heart, by help of the

Lūges, the vocal Artery and tongue (which ser∣ueth for vtteraunce of woordes and internall de∣uises) expresseth and vttereth the cogitatiōs and meanings of the mynde. The Splene or Mylt (if it be not otherwise empeached) maketh a man exceedingly to delite in iestinge, laughter, myrth, pastime and wātonnes, mynding no earnest mat∣ters, but letting the world slyde, geeueth himselfe to passe the time merilye. Contrariwyse if it bee surcharged and ouerwhelmed with toomuch cō∣fluxe of fylthye Humour, and be debarred or dis∣appoynted of the ordinarye helpe and ayde of the Lyuer, either through imbecillity or obstruction, then bringeth it manye discommodities and an∣noyaunces, no lesse hurtful and preiudicial to the mynde then to the bodye, as Heauynesse, sorowe, sadnesse, feare, and dread of myssehappe to come, carefulnesse, thought, desperation & distrust, y^t▪ is to say, cleane out of hope of any better Fortune. Which affections and perplexities cast a mā into exceeding griefe, torment, vexation and martyr∣dome, wearing away his beauty, and wasting his bodely comelynesse, and making him to loke lyke syluer al fustyed wyth chimney soote, or as bright and handsome things in a reekie house that are besmered, dusked and smoked.

For when the dregges & refuse of Humours haue recourse thyther in greater abundaunce then the heate and naturall power of the member is able to wield and qualefye, y^e greater is the de∣caye thereof, and much more daungerously is it

oppressed. For as a Porter or labouringe man which caryeth burdens, heauier then his strength will allowe, cannot but fall downe vnder the waight, thereby many times hurtinge both him∣selfe, and spoyling his cariage: So when greater stoare of Melancholique iuyce is conueighed & deryued into this viscous member, then it is ey∣ther able to beare or by concoctiō to ouercome, it is thereby sundry wyse distempered and brought into many diseases.

For when the Splene is affected, the Sto∣macke consequently suffreth cruditie, loathing of meate, and is much infested wyth breakinge of sower wynde vpwarde: the Hypochondrion or wast, and the heart strings inflated and swolne, y^e body becommeth slender and thinne, the gummes vlcered with mattry wheales, the teeth wān co∣loured, rustie, loose, hoarish & rotten, theyr mouth stinking, their Chawes rammishe,

And throate vpbelching fulsome breathes.

Into the number of these sicklie distemperaū∣ces and affects of the Mylt, I reckē also the dis∣eases, y^t of old writers were named Stomaracce & Scelotyrbe, in Dutch, namely of the Phryselan∣ders (of whom manye in the Sprynge and Au∣tume be ther w^t troubled) vulgarly called Schoir∣buick, & of some Barbarous wryters, Scarrifi∣catiō of y^e belly. It cōmeth & is engēdred of much

corrupte baggage, and filthye ••yncke of naughtye Humours, which shyfting out of the Mylte into the Stomack, beerayeth the teeth and gummes with a certaine loathsome and contagious infec∣tion: and for that, a parte thereof falleth downe into the feete, it is presently seene that the Leggs and Knees shrincke together and waxe weake, y^e ioynts lewse and enfeebled, the colour alonge the Thighes and Hammes, euen to the soale of the foote, of sundry hewes, and vglie to beholde. The nature and curatiō of which disease, because it is exactly discoursed and learnedly handled al∣ready in a seuerall booke by it selfe, by D. Guil. Lemnie, I deeme superfluous & needlesse here ••n this place any further to prosecute.

But all these discommodities and inconueni∣ences of the Mylt might the better be borne w^tal, so that the lowest members and the abiect & ig∣noble parts, were onely subiecte to the harmes & annoyaunces thereof, (and yet are these no lesse necessary in a body, then Pryuies and Synks in a house which serue to scoure and cary out al fyl∣ty Sullage) but when the principall members, and Organes of witte and Reason, chaunce with semblable harme to be attached, and with sundry affectiōs be distēpered, y^e case requyreth, grea∣ter diligence and care to be employed, for the pac∣kinge awaye of such backfrendes and ennemyes. For the fulsome vapours (which as it were out of a dampishe Marshe or stinkinge Camerine,) stryke vpward, do annoy y^e Brayne w^t greeuous

and odious fumes, and distemper the Spirits Animall wyth a straunge and forreine quality. Hereof commeth disquietnes of mynde and alie∣nation of right witts, absurde cogitations, trou∣blesom Dreames, gyddinesse of the head, ringing of the eares, dazeling of eyes, mournefall sighes, trembling and beating of heart, a mynde sorow∣full, cōfortlesse, perplexed, pensiue and feareful: insomuch that they which be in this sort affected, distrust, & be afrayed aswell of their frends as of their enemyes, looking about them for feare of daunger euery mynute of an houre, trembling at euery smal noyse and wagging of a leafe, & ready for feare to runne into a mouse hoale, althoughe there be no cause of anye such feare at all: and if they be demaūded y^• cause why they so pine away themselues, with needelesse care and bootelesse so∣rowe, eyther they will make no aunsweare at all: or if they do, very vnwillingly & wyth much ado. Insomuch that thereupon they wil desyre to shift and conueighe themselues oute of all companye, not abyding anye felowship nor conference with frends, but peaking in darke corners and secrete solitary places, lyke Timon (syrnamed 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, because he hated all men) and Bellero∣phō, who (as Homere reporteth) assayed to shake of his carefull thoughtes and pensiue dolours by bestowing himselfe in some waste wildernesse or solytary corner.

For he poore soule, in queachie vvoods did stalk, Abroad in Fields, & vvaylesse soyles aloane: No sight of men, no company, no talke, Could hee abyde: but fret his hart vvith moane.

By many and sundrye wayes do men fall into this ill case and habiting, who afore were cleare & free ynough from it. Some by the stayinge of their Hemorrhoides, and stopping of their natu∣rall Purgations or Flowers, or by the restraynt of some ordinary and accustomed issue. Some be brought into it, through long sorrow and hea∣uynesse for the death of their Parentes, or some greate losse of worldly wealth, or finally by mys∣sing and beyng disappointed of some great desyre and expectation, which they hoped & had, of some thing to come to passe.

Yea there be some that haue fallen into this Melancholike habite by watchinge in the nighte at their Studye at vnseasonable houres, by lea∣ding a peakish and solitary life, by hunger, penu∣rie and streict fare, or els by vsing and accusto∣ming some kinds of nourishments, whereby they brought themselues into a cold & drye distempe∣raunce. Many through the conscience of their former myssedeedes, and remorse of their wicked and abhominable lyfe aforetime ledde: haue plū∣ged into these Melācholike affects, dryuing thē∣selues many times into such great incōueniēces, that what with blindnesse, furi••, madnesse & wāte of right mynde, they become weary of their liues,

and suffer manye horrible and bitter torments. For as Iuuenal right aptly sayth:

Aye lasting sorovv, thought, & pyning care, Surpryseth their distressed mynds ful sore: It slaketh not at meales and daily fare, But day by day encreaseth more & more. In night vvhē Sleepe should vvearyed limms re∣store And fresh againe to vvonted labours make, Their guilt vvil not permit them rest to take. Streightvvayes repayres into remēbraunce than Their Sacryledge, and sinne against their God: Ech flash of lyghtning makes them pale & vvan: They svveat for feare: they loke for vvreckful rod Of Diuine Iustice: vvho amysse haue trod Their steps on earth: one thunder clap vvil make, Their harts like Aspen leafe, to pant and quake.

Behold here (gētle Reader) the panges, vex∣ations, feares and torments of a wicked mynde & of an afflicted Conscience, denounced by God to lighte vppon so many as forsake his lawes, and rebelliously contemne his commaūdements: in∣so much y^• (as the Prophet sayth) he sendeth vp∣pon them, the Spyrit of dizzenesse or gyddynesse, & maketh them to erre in euery good worke, euē as a Drunken man staggereth in his vomyte, so that by reason of their blyndnesse of Hearte, & contempte of God, and his Worde, in any di∣stresse or calamitye, yea in the horror of Death,

they haue nothing wherewithall to comfort their weakenesse, or to salue their troubled consciences w^tal: but haue al theyr witts, deuyses & thoughts perplexed and confused: because they leane to a broken wall, that is, to a thing without strength, not able to relieue them, but rather sit to hurte them: and as Esay sayth, They put their trust, in a broken staffe of Reede: Whereby he meaneth, that they repose their hope and confidēce in that, which is so farre from being able to helpe & stay them, that it rather hurteth so many as leane vn∣to it, and (as Ezechel sayth) bruiseth and renteth theyr handes.

There are besyde these, manye other Examples whereby God putteth the wicked in feare, and threateneth plagues to such as despyse & forsake his word and Commaundement. If thou (sayth he) refuse to harken to the voyce of the Lord thy God, he vvil smyte thee vvith madnesse & blynd∣nesse, & geeue thee an vnquiet hearte, & dasing eyes & sorovv of mynd: & thy lyfe shall hang in doubt before thee: and thou shalt feare both day & night, & shalt haue no assuraūce in thy lyfe. In the morning thou shalt say, vvould God it vvere night: and at night thou shalt say, vvould God it vvere Morninge, for feare vvherein thy hearte shalbe, and for those sightes and visions vvhich thyne eyes shall see. Againe in another place, he sheweth what plagues, disenses and vexations he will send vpon them. I vvill (sayth the Lord) and that quickly, visite you, vvith cold, hunger, &

extreme heates: you shall flee vvhen as no man follovveth you, and the noyse of a shakinge leafe shall make you afrayde: and vvhen yee flee the svveard, you shal fal, no mā folovving vpō you, & your soule shall pyne avvay in your vnrighteous∣nes, and myssedeedes. No whitte better happes doth Ieremie the Prophet thūder out vpon thē y^• shrinke from God and resist his word, seeking to oppresse y^e worshippers therof in truth, Saying: Be thou not terrible vnto mee O Lord, for thou art my ••ope, in the day of my tribulatiō & afflicti∣on: Let my persecutours be confounded, but not mee: Let them be afrayde, and not mee. Bringe vppon them the time of their plague, and bruyse them vvith double contrition. For when a mā is both tormented in mynde, and afflicted wyth the losse of worldly wealth, and also distempered and out of good frame in body, that mā is with dou∣ble contrition plagued.

Forsomuch therefore as these Melancholike furyes and perturbations proceede of sundry and diuers causes, it is expediente first of all, to take away the headspryng of the whole mischiefe, & to pluck vp by the rootes that inconuenience which distēpereth the mynde. The next is, to cheerishe & tēder the body wyth all conuenient & behooue∣full attendaunce: and by al meanes possible to as∣say, somewhat to ease and mitigate those greate distemperaunces that infest aswell their bodyes, as theyr myndes. For surelye the case of these kinde of persons is to bee pytied, insomuch that

none (except such as make non accompt of honesty and humanity) eyther will or ought to flowte or mocke at them, but rather will lament & be sorie to see them brought into such pytiful taking, and to be so lamentably fallen from the iudgement of right witte and reason.

S. Paule hath a worthye saylinge, which also may well ve applyed to these persons. Let him (sayth he) that thinketh himselfe to stande, take heede lest he fall: Whereby he aduyseth and ad∣monisheth euery man (in the whole course of this lyfe) not to be too proud of any prosperity & wel∣fare, neyther (in putting toomuch trust therin) to promyse vnto himself security. For it may com to passe, y^t by some mysfortune or outward accidente he may be taken tardie, & fall himselfe into worse diseases both of body and mynde, and greater thē they, whom a litle afore he so much skorned and mocked.

But because euery one may readily vnderstād and knowe the notes & tokens of a cold and drye Complexion, I will heere by the way describe & shew aswel the euidēt marks of the bodely shape outwardlye, as those of y^e mynd inwardly, which in words, deedes and conuersatiō, shew out them selues apparantly: and finally what effecte Me∣lancholy worketh. And because Melancholike nature is subiect to this Constitution, the same signes and tokens are also hyther to be referred. For whosoeuer is disposed to haue ful tryal of a cold and dry complexioned body, and throughlye

eyeth them that be Melancholicke, shall at y^e first sight, plainly perceyue them in al poynts to agree together. For these complexioned persons are of body ill fauoured, leane, dry, lank, pylde skinned, and wythout hayre, crokenayled, which throughe drynesse or siccitie become and grow crooked, euē like horne or leather that crumpleth together: specially when this habite is throughlye by con∣tinuaunce settled, and wyth encrease of qualities hath taken deepe rootes, as appeareth in them y^• be worne w••th sicknes and Oldage.

And because al the parts of the body do fade, drowpe, and be no longer nourished, it happeneth that the haires waxe thinne, and by little & little fall of, and the face becommeth pale, yelowyshe & swarty. For in all them that be Splenetique, y^e colour fadeth and decayeth, the feete swel, y^e Sto∣mack is with crudity distempered, and by reason of ill humours hauing influence into it, is many times troubled & subiect to belking & sower vo∣mitting, y^• breaking out wherof, doth greatly ease them. As touching y^e notes & markes of their minds, they are churlish, whyning, wayward & ill to please, stubborne, intractable, obstinate, greedy of worldly goods, & couetous of money, pinching and sparing, whē they haue got it, & not daringe to spēd or bestow vpon thēselues such things, as the necessity of mās life for vse requyreth. A man may also know thē by their kind of gate: for they vse a certaine slow pace & soft nyce gate, holdinge down their heads, w^t coūtenaunce & loke so grim

and frowninge, as thoughe they were lately come out of Trophonius denne, or oute of some Caue vnder the ground (such as the fabulous yawning of the earth in Irelande, commonlye tearmed S. Patrickes denne or Purgatorye) is. To con∣clude, the grimme and surlye Planet of Saturne, together wyth Melancholie so disposeth them, y^t (as though they were bound by vow to sylence & taciturnity) a man shall scantly get a word out of their mouthes. These therfore and many other lyke, are incident vnto that cōplexion and habite, which is cold and drye: and do ordinarily accom∣panye that kinde of naturall Melancholie, which is somewhat is digressed from his righte state and purity.

But y^t, which is in y^e body beside & cōtrary to na∣ture, is farre worse and more pernicious: and it is aptlie tearmed blacke Melancholie, whereof there bee three sortes or differences. One is of Melancholike iuyce, turned eyther by putrefac∣tion or combustion of straunge and forreyne heat into Ashes, like Wood, or other combustible substaunce burnt, & wyth the force of fier brought into Cinders. That which is putrefyed hath a sower, sharpe and tart quality. That which pro∣ceedeth of heate, doth adure or burne, and wyth his sharpe and byting Nature doth much infes••e and disquiet the body, differing from Melancho∣like iuyce as Lees burnt, do frō Lees & feces not burnt: For these feces and Lees which were ne∣uer adusted and burnt, are a great deale myelder

then those wherof Aqua vite or Aqua Composi∣ta is made. The seconde which is worst of all, is compact and made of yealowe or yolkie Cho∣ler aduste, whereby it commeth to passe that it is blacke, like pytch, and shyneth like to Ieate, Bitu∣men, Colophonia, and as certayne resynie stuffe, intermyngled and perfused wyth a Yelowyshe & blacke shyning, by reason of the fierye consistence of the parts, in that thicke and compact matter. It is therefore blacke of coloure when it is not much aduste, burned & enflamed like vnto Wal∣worte, or Elder berryes, Pryuet, Peonie beries, or the Kernelles of blacke Cheryes and blacke Grapes: the iuyce whereof dyeth and coloureth a mans hands, wyth a blacke or bloudy colour. And if it happen to bee enflamed and set in ex∣treme heate, then is it of coloure entermingled with a purple shyning, lyke glowyng hoat Gold, newly burnt in the fyer. If it be immoderatelye and toomuch enflamed, it bringeth the mynde in∣to furious fitts, phrenticke rages, and brainsicke madnesse: Contrarylye, when all thinges con∣siste wythin mediocritye, it causeth and bringeth forth sharpnesse of witte, excellency of learning, subtility of inuentiō, eloquence of tongue & right skilful vtteraunce, w^t knowledge howe to speake. The last kinde of Melancholy, is engendred of y^e adustion o•• Phlegme.

Forasmuch therfore as there be so many sorts of Melācholie, and because Melancholique per∣sons be of so sundry cōditions, maners, natures,

inclinatiōs, bodely proportions, complexiōs & co∣lours, therfore euery one must be founde out and knowen by the proper markes and tokens, pecu∣liar, incident and appertayning to them. For they that be broughte into this case and habite by Choler or bloud adust, haue bigge swolne vey∣nes: for they swell wyth wyndynes, their bodyes tawnie coloured, and very rough withall, thicke hatred and bushie, by reason of thabundaunce of heate, swelling and bigge lippes, by reason of the concourse of Humour and flatuous spyrite, into the higher parts, wheruppon it also happeneth y^t their eyes sometime be eminent and bearing out: Againe, sometime (whē Humours decrease) hol∣low and standyng inwarde: sometime swyft mo∣uing and twynckling, sometimes staying, vnmo∣ueable and not at all quiuering: the tōgue (which is interpreter of all secreets of the mynde) some∣while quicke and ready, somewhile stammering, foltering & vnable to delyuer out a playne word: which distemperaunce and affecte, may many ty∣mes happen by occasion of the time of the yeare, Age, Countrey, weather foggie and dimme, or fayre and cleare, and finallye by the quality of meate and drincke, and hereuppon maye it be en∣dūed with some cold Humour.

This Humour is manyfolde and of sundrye sorts, wonderfullye framinge in the bodyes and mynds of men diuers dispositions, and in them constituting sundry habites, maners and conditi∣ons. For it may after a sort be resembled vnto Yron. Seacoales or Charcoales, which beinge

flered, appeare glowing hoate, shyning lyke bur∣nished Golde, and burninge the members of the touchers: but being quenched, they looke blacke, cankered & rustie. Euen so Melancholie, albeit it be cold and drye, and in colour drawinge some∣what vnto blacknes, yet reteyneth it some heat of the faculty and nature of that, frō whēce it came, that is to saye, Choler or Bloud. For so the Dregges or mother of Oyle, the feees or vineger of Wyne, Embers and Coales, retayne and haue a certaine smacke or nature of the Brandes whē they smoaked and were on fler. Therefore Me∣lancholie is not altogether without heate, but re∣teyneth some deale of that quality in it. For al∣though it be a long while ere it wyll be enflamed and throughly heated, like Yron which must both be mollifyed and tempered wyth force of moste ardent & bituminous coales, & also w^t the helpe of blowing Bellowes, for y^e making of y^e same mal∣leable & apt to the Forge & Anuile: yet beyng once throughly heated, hath such an excessiue glowing ardentnes, y^• there cānot be any thinge more adu∣stiue. And hereupon, in a maner all at one instāt & w^tout any time betwixt, do we see them sodeinly chaūged frō laughter & myrth, into sorrow & pē∣stuenes. For whē this Humor is once heated (be∣cause frō it proceede & come bright & syncere Spi¦rits) these Melancholike persons are exceeding∣ly set vpō their mercy pin, & (past al godsforbod) iocund, & pleasurably geeuen to singing, daūcing skippīg & spōrting, & (cōtrary to their accustomed

to eueryone curteous, affable, liberal and frend∣ly, yea altogether pleasauntlye disposed and not squemish to offer a kind kisse & embracemēt vnto any lusty wench: and nothing then so much desy∣ring as mariage, therby to enioy the hoped fruict of Children, and to haue their name in remem∣braunce to posterity: very earnestlye bewaylinge their losse of former time, repenting that they had not long agone tyed themselues to the World, & maryed. But when this great heat is cold, and the earnest panges of this newfāgled mynde set∣tled, whē their Bloude waxeth cold, & their spy∣rites at reste, they go backe from all former reso∣lutions, and are ready to vnsaye al that euer they sayde before. They condemne and deteste ye∣sterdayes deedes, and are much ashamed of their owne ouerslight and foolishnes.

Whensoeuer therefore Melancholie groweth into much coldnes, it taketh away from a man his sharpenes of witte and vnderstandinge, his assured hope and confidence, and all his manlye strength and courage, so that he hardly eyther at∣tempteth or archieueth any matter of excellency & worthynes: for such be doltish, dull, slow, and lū∣pishe, vnapt to atteyne, learne and conceyue anye good disciplines or commendable Arts: and this happeneth in that kinde of Melācholie, which is mixed wyth greate stoare of colde, and toughe Phlegme. Whereby it commeth to passe, that such kinde of men (lyke Asses or other brute bea∣stes) be blockish, vnapt, dull and forgetfull.

But they, whose Melancholie is wyth mode∣rate heat qualefyed, and w^t Bloud & other syncere Humors humected & alayed, haue excellēte good witts and sharpe iudgements, and seeme to doe many thinges so notablye as thoughe they were furthered and inspyred by some Diuine instincte or motion. And for this cause doth Aristotle not vnaptly lyken & compare this Humour vnto Wyne. For as Wyne produceth and causeth sundry, & the same verye ridiculous fashions ac∣cording to the seuerall nature of euery man, and according to the effect and operation of the Wyne it selfe, (for one force and effecte hath Spanishe wyne, an other French, an other, Maluesye, an o∣ther Corsycke, and an other Rhenish) so Melan∣cholie causeth diuers maners and sundry consti∣tutions. And hereuppō in the Dutch phrase of speach, there are reckened vp certaine conditions and delightes of Drunken men. Some beinge cupshot, are contentious & brawling: Some stil, and neuer a woorde but mumme: Some verye babblatiue and keeping a foule coyle: some wee∣ping, howling and heauy couraged. Yea some of this beastly Crew we see to be threatners, cruel, bitter, fierce, spightful, arrogant, selfwilled, vain∣glorious, proude, wanton, lasciuious, toying, full of foolishe gesture, vnquiet, vnstable, geeuen to carnall Luste, and loues desire, but as Iuuenall sayth:

VVhich haue great lust to Venus game, Yet in the Act, vveake, faint and lame.

For drunkards and Melancholike persons are very lecherous and desyrous of womens cō∣panye, by reason that theyr genitall members swell and be wyth inflations distended: but all their courage is streightwayes layed, and al ve∣nerous lustynesse soone quayled, insomuch that their wyues manye tymes, be defeacted of theyr hope, and thincke themselues wyth childe, when they be not so in deede, by reason that theyr bel∣lyes be swelled and inflated wyth wynde, rather then wyth Seede.

Melancholye therefore and Drunkennesse, are in cōdition alike. For Drunkards are ledde with many affections and phanstes, gybing and gestu∣ring as though they were Stage Players. For as Horace very aptly wryteth:

VVhat thing dares not a drōken nolle aduēture? All secretes of the heart it doth vnfold: It vvarranteth our hopes as by Indenture: A man vnarmde to fight it maketh holde: From pensiue cares and troubles manyfold It ryds the minde: it Arts doth teach vvith grace: VVhō hath not Cups vvel fraught made eloquēt? VVhose tōgue hath not thereafter trould apace? This pleasaunt iuyce to them such force hath lēt. VVhat poore so pīcht, that doth not quight forget. His ruful state, vvhē vvyne & he haue met.

Thinges no lesse ridiculous and foolishe are

lykewise to bee seene in persons Melancholike: for many in their daily dealings, shew very apishe and fonde fashions, and (althoughe theyr witts be nothing at all empayred or alyenated) yet doe they occupie themselues in matters lighte, try∣flinge, vayne and friuolous. For they be distem∣pered in theyr right Witte, feedinge theyr owne phantasies, and doatinge not earnestlye and in deede, but after a pleasaūt sort, as persons dwel∣ling in a delightful and pleasurable madnesse: in∣somuch that there be some of them which thinke themselues ill apayde, and be right sory that they haue recouered the right state of their witts and come well home againe: sharpely expostula∣ting wyth their welwilling frends, which frend∣ly laboured and toke paynes for their recure: and blaming them as men that had rather done them harme then good. One of this plighte, a Gre∣cian borne, & of no base house & pedagrew, doth Horace depaint and set out vnto vs thus:

VVho thought himselfe braue melody to heare, And galaunt Blouds on Stage their parts to play, Such pleasure he conceyued in this geare: That on the Stage vvhich empty vvas all day, He sate and fed his fancye eu'ry vvay, VVith sight of that vvhich vvas not so in deede, Yet seemde to him as true, as vvas his Creede.

At length vvhē he by meanes of vvealthy frends, And diligent attendaunce at any ynch, By drougs & drīcks (vvhich help & succour lēds) Recured vvas from that his greuous pynch, And ryd from that his Melancholie vvrynch: In fayth ({que} hee) my frēds, you haue my spoyled And kylde me cleane: by you I am thus foyled. Sure, vnto me you haue done great displeasure, To make frō me (perforce) this doating treasure vvhich fed my mind vvith ioy vvithoutē measure.

So synce the time that I first begā to professe Phisick, many haue bin brought vnto me, whose mynds ranne vppon absurde imaginations and fonde Phātastes. There was one which thought himselfe to haue a Nose so bigge, and of such a prodigious length, that he thought hee caryed a∣bout wyth him the Snoute or Mussell of an O∣liphant, and that the same in euery thing that hee went about, hindered him: insomuch that some∣time (as he thoughte) it laye in the dishe wherein his meate was. The Phisition was sense for, who suspecting (as truth was) y^e same to be no∣thing els then a Melācholike affectio, hādsomly, closely, & cleanly cōueighed a lōg Pudding vnto his Nose: that done, he toke hold of a piece of the very typpe of the fleshe thereof, and wyth a Bar∣bers rasure finely cut away y^e Nose which in I∣maginatiō y^• party afore thoght himself to haue: and immediatly thervpon bringing his Pacient a sleepe wyth a kinde of confected drinck, and pre∣scribing

vnto him a holesome diet otherwyse, ba∣nished and toke quight away frō him, all y^e feare of harme and inconuenience, which afore encon∣bred him.

An other Hypochondriake person, that is to say, one, whose Hartstrynges were embolned and swolne wyth Melancholie Humour and inflam∣matiōs, was verily perswaded, y^e hee had frog∣ges and Toades in his bealie, which gnawed & eate asunder his Entrailes: neyther could he by any man be perswaded to thincke the contrary: The Physition to make him more obedient and wylling (for Melancholike folkes will hardly be disswaded or brought from theyr opynions, that they once lodge wythin their owne cōceipts) soo∣thed his sayings, and plainlye affyrmed that of certaynty there were such thinges within him in deede as hee reported.

Hereuppon after the partye had taken a Pur∣gation, and vsed the helpe of a Clyster, there was a meane founde to put some such crawlynge ver∣myne into the basen of his close Stoole. Now, when the Purgation had wroughte his nature & effect, he made many Syeges and the same verye abundantlye: and after viewe of his excrements taken, and seyng therein what kinde of creatures swymmed, he rested satisfyed in mynde, and dis∣missed from him that foolish and vayne opynion before conceyued.

An other there was which thought his But∣tocks were made of glasse, insomuch that he durst

not do any thing but standing, for feare least if he should sitte, he should breake his rum••e, and the Glasse flye into peeces. These and such like kinds of Dotage and foolery, which eyther pro∣uoke others or themselues to laughter and glad∣nesse, are quieter (as Hippocrates sayth) and no∣thinge fierce and outragious. But those which proceede of a certayne studie and carefull medi∣tation are worse, as they that be accompanyed w^t a certayne furious temerity and rashnes, sodain∣ly and vnloked for, damnyflyng and preiudycinge both themselues and others.

After this like sort euen within our Memory, a certayne Gentleman fell into such an agonie, & fooles paradise, that he thoughte himselfe dead, & was in himselfe perswaded to bee departed oute of this life, and hereuppon when his frends and acquaintaunce with all kinde of fayre speeches, flattering termes and chyding words had assay∣ed to restoare him to his former strength and po∣wers now decayed: he turned the deafe eare to all that they sayde, and refused all that they to him offered, affyrminge himselfe to be deade, and that a man in his case••needed no sustenaunce or nou∣rishment. So long continued he in this fonde Humour, till he was ready to sterue for hunger. When the seuenth day was now at hand (longer then which day, sterued & famished persons can∣not liue) they beganne to deuyse with themselues which way to heale this absurd passion and di∣stemperaūce of their freend. They vsed therfore

this pollicie: They caused certayne counterfeit persons lapped in their shrowdinge sheetes, and tyed after y^e maner of dead Corses that be layed vppon Coffyns, and caryed to buriall, to be broughte into a darke Parlour: where these dis∣guysed persons sitting down at the Table, which was wel furnished wyth choyse of sundry dishes, tell to theyr victualls lustely. The Passioned partly beholdyng these fellowes, demaunded of them whereabout they went, and what kinde of people they were: They aunsweared, y^e they were dead men. What? (quoth hee) do dead men eare and dryncke? Yea (sayd they) and that shalt thou prooue true, if thou wilt come and sit wyth vs. Streightwayes skipped this Pacient out of his Bedde, and with the other counterfect dead men, fedde very well and largelye: and after Supper was hee broughtt into a Sleepe by a drincke of purpose made for that intent. For they that bee distraught of their right witts, must be handled artyficially, and by no way so soone recured and broughte into order, as by Sleepe. So by Sybilla as Virgill wryteth, was tamed,

That Hellish Curre, enradge vvith hungry crop, That Cerberus vvith throates vvyde open three, VVas luld & brought a sleepe vvith charmed sop VVhich vp he slapt vvith fangs full meerely, As gub that hurled vvas to him for fee, VVith druggs and hony made full svvete to bee.

It resteth now, to shew by what meanes & order Melancholike affections many be expugned or at least mitigated. Fyrst we must search out howe and whereupon this disease toke his beginning, and in what part if consisteth. For seyng there be iii. differences of Melancholie, one principally affecting the Brayne: and other, the whole bodye: the thirde Hypocondriacall or flatuous, which comming of crudity and ill Humours, distempe∣reth the Brayne by consente: these do requyre to be by sundry and seueral wayes recured. If the whole bodye therefore be opplete and filled wyth Melancholie iuyce, it shalbe best to beginne the cure wyth letting the party Bloud: in the reste, this remedie is thoughte vnprofitable, and to no purpose, except ouermuch abundaūce of Bloud seeme to requyre the same. Thus also, for the Stitch, & swelling of the Splene, or for a Quar∣taine Ague, it is right excellēt and good to be let bloud in y^e Veyne called Splenetica, in the inside of the left Arme.

Furthermore forasmuch as these kinds of mē be for the most parte costyue, it shalbe very profi∣table and requisite, gently to make them soluble & laxatyue w^t Aloe, Epithyme & smal fearne. For when the Entrailes be slipperye, and that the ex∣crements may conueniently scowre awaye and be auoyded, lesse vapours and fumosyties do ascend and stryke vp warde: wherefore Hippocrates is of opynion, that it is righte holesome for persons Splenetique and Melancholicke, to be laxatiue:

Finallye y^t the Hemerrhoydes, swellinge of the Ueynes w^t Melācholyke bloud, swellinge of the tuell, and the Pyles to breede and swell in the Fundemente and neyther partes, is for theym that be frantique and out of the righte course of their wits, very good. And although euill Spy∣rites dommixe thēselues w^t humours, making y^• same a great deale fiercer and vehementer, yet the chiefeste cause and founteine of all this mischiefe and inconuenience is to bee imputed to the out∣rage and domination of Humours. For when noysom Humours be purged & grosse fumosities dispersed, the furie is well calmed, and the mind broughte agayne into his former state and per∣fection.

Therefore it shalbe moste for their ease & pro∣fite, to procure euacuatiō to y^e whole body, name∣ly by y^e part, whereby nature most alloweth to be purged: and that, leysurably and by conueniente order of times: for it is not good to stirre such coales as these, wyth any stronge medicines and purgations: then must they haue prescrybed vn∣to them, a right good and precise diet, and eschue all such things as engēder thick bloud: as Beefe and Bulles flesh, Bacon, and such as hath beene long bryned, or hanged in the smoke and hardned, wherūto are to be added Brawn & Beares flesh, and Venyson ofred Deere, whiche cōmonly is brought in, for a seruice at Noble mens tables: & Hares flesh, which cōmonly is vsed for a festiuall dish, to furnish out the Table, when frends meete

to make meerye. Insomuch, that I cannot but meruayle at the vsuall fashion of Dutchmen and Netherlanders, amonge whom this fleshe is. as highly estemed & desyred as anye: neyther thincke they any banquet sumptuous & festiuall ynough, vnlesse one dish therof be Hare: whereas no flesh in y^• world is neerer of nature vnto Melacholie then it. For it is cold & dry, vnlesse the seely beast bee firste well coursed and hunted, for that is the way to make it somewhat more hoat, toothsome, and holesome.

Euery part of this beast, is of a drying force & vertue, & is endued with an astringent facultye, both the hayres, the skinne, the bloud, the Mawe and the flesh. For the Mawe of a Hare myngled wyth red Wyne and dronck, stoppeth the bloudy Flixe y^• commeth of the excoriation and gnawīg of the bowelles: it also stayeth womens termes: the haires being burnt or chopped smal, are a pre¦sent and right souereigne thing to stay any great fluxe of bloude in a wounde. The Brayne wa∣steth the superfluous moysture and dryuelinge of the mouth, and maketh the teeth to grow: y^• Huc∣kle boane, the commissures & ligaments there∣of, are good to breake the stone. The flesh also of an Hare, if it be much eaten and vsed, cureth the rewine that falleth out of the head, and helpeth y^• Epilepsie or falling Sicknes, which is a disease engendered of grosse and clammie Phlegme: so that ech one of these doth sufficientlye proue, this Beast to be drye, & Melancholike, as the whole

condition and nature thereof, plainly sheweth: namely the fleshe which in colour enclyneth to a blacknesse.

Now, whereas some both of old & later time, haue beene and yet be perswaded, that the eating of Hares flesh, maketh men pleasaunt and merily disposed: and not that onely, but also in bodelye shape and coūtenance to be faire, galant, & beau∣tiful: I do not thinke, neither am I of opyniō, y^e any such thing can happen through eating y^e flesh of such a fearefull and timorous seely Creature: but y^e rather hereuppon it had his beginning: be∣cause whē meery Compaignions are disposed to make good cheere, they commonly vse to inuite call into their compaignies some beautifull Da∣mosells, and pleasaunt Peates to passe away the time more merily: whereas they that be of small accoumpt and harde fauoured to the eye, are neuer requested vnto any such pleasurable assem∣bly, but be suffred to sit still at home, being repu∣ted in cōparison, but as grosse Stuffe & of the se∣cond sort, and such as neuer (according to y^e pro∣uerbe) tasted or eate of an Hare. Which thinge y^e Poet Martial in a certayne pleasaunt Epigrāme doth intimate vnto his Ladye and Mistresse, in words to this effect.

O Gellia, Lady myne, thou sayest, vvhen Hare thou sendste to mee: Dayes seuen (Marke) thou shalt be fayre, and beautifull of glee.

If these thy vvords (svveete heart) be true, and roue not out of square: Then surely, Gellia, thou thy selfe not yet hast eaten Hare.

Which opynion of auncient & long time agone in many mens heads settled, I suppose hereup∣pon toke his first beginning (for hither to of none hath it beene expounded) that he which had been at any solemne & festiual banquet, (such I means wherein Hare is one seruice) appeareth for y^e next seuen dayes, curteous, pleasaunt, iocund and ful of mery conceipts. For when a man hath bene in pleasaunt company and at good cheere, where all thinges haue but meerilye discoursed, & the tyms ioyously passed, there appeare for the space of cer∣tayne dayes after in hys face and countenaunce, forehead, browes, lippes, eyes and beckes (for all these are be wrayers and tellers of the minde in∣wardly) great tokens of myrth and alacrytie, and many arguments do outwardly testify the chere∣ful dispositien of the internal Spyrits. For the body being heated wyth laughing and ioyinge, w^t kissing and dalying, wyth dauncinge, Wyne, and singing, is made fresher and better coloured, for that the Bloud is diffused into the vtter part and habite of the body. These are therfore the cau∣ses, why the eating of an Hare dryueth away and dispelleth the Cloudy cares of the mynd, maketh the countenaunce cleare and delectable, & the face ruddie, fayre, and wall complexioned,

For as they that be angrye, or perplexed wyth feare, are commonly seene to be of a troubled and disquiet mynde, and by manye outward signes to bewray the affections of their afflicted consciēce: euen so they that haue the world at wyl, and their hartes farre from all carefull affections & trou∣blesome perturbations, shewe forth sure and cer∣tayn tokens therof in the body outwardly: yea the verye countenaunce, colour, face, forhead, eyes, mouth and generallye all the other fashions & ge∣stures thereof, do pretend and witnesse a certain securitye of mynde that is at peace and quietnes wythin it selfe.

Now, as touching Diet: Let them that bee of this cold and dry Constitution, and they that bee Melācholike, accustome themselues to such mea∣tes as be of good and laudable iuyce, & to drincke that wyne which is of the best sort and purest: let them lye in very soft beds and sleepe wel & longe, let them eschue & forbeare all things that be salte and sower: & aboue all things, let them take heede of crudity, let thē vse moderate exercise & styrring of thēselues. For as maryshes & standing waters become dampish and stynking: so likewise the bo∣dy lacking exercise, gathereth fulsoments & pesti∣lent sauours. If violent motion & exercise be vn∣to them painful and laborious, they may recreat and exercise themselues wyth pleasaunt singing, Musical instruments and delectable and walkinges.

Let them banish away all affectiōs of the mind, heauinesse, sorrow, thought, hatred, anger, indig∣nation,

enuye, &c. Neither let them suffer any such to lodge wythin their hearts: let them also auoyd solitarynesse, long abstinence, & lassitude: and let them vse at possible meanes to restore theyr right powers, first wyth meats and nourishments that be liquide (for they do quicklyest nourish, and en∣comber not the Stomacke greatly in concoction) but when their powers bee encreased, let them acquainte themselues, and vse meates that be so∣lide and substantiall. Let theyr bread be of the fynest wheate, and let them eate thereof but mea∣surablye and sparinglye: for it is hardlye con∣cocted, and taryeth longe in the stomacke: and therefore to Labourers, Caryers, Maryners, Carters and such like, it bryngeth strength, & en∣gendreth flesh durable & fast. Now, they that in time of perfect and sound health, do vse to eate li∣tle bread: haue strong breaths and stinking mou∣thes. This proporciō therfore is requisite, there in to be vsed, to eate twyse asmuch in bread as in victuall or other cates.

As concerning the order that they are to keepe for Dinner and supper, vnlesse custome be to the contrary, or that they be troubled wyth distillati∣ons of the heade, let their Supper be larger and more in quantitye then dinner: foreseene, that im∣moderate faciety & surphet be alwayes eschued.

To be short, & to knit vp this matter wyth an holesome aduyse and counsell: let all such things as be prejudicial to health, and hasten oldage be∣fore

his tyme, be put away and banished. Chiefly and especiallye maynteining and keeping wything our selues tranquillity and constancy of mynde, which gift we are most humbly and earnestly to craue at his handes, which most bountefully be∣stoweth and powreth out his blessed giftes & ly∣beralitye vppon vs, who is God our heauenlye Father, and his deare & eternall Sonne Christ our onely Sauiour. For besyde y^• ōutward gifts and things transitorye, which at his bountifull handes, for oure vse & cōmodity we moste abun∣dātly tast and enioy, he also directeth our mindes wyth his holye Spyrite, and moueth our cogita∣tions & wills euery minute, to ensue that is good and godly. He vrgeth and pricketh vs forwarde continually, so that wee feele the motions of his mighty power working in our harts, by strēgth∣ning and confyrming our Fayth, that we thereby constantly leaning to the promyses of God, maye rest in a sure trust and vndoubted hope, to be afterwards made partakers of his Hea∣uenly ioy in euerlasting felicity. Amen.

Thomas Newtonus, Cestreshyrius.

FINIS.

Notes

• Accordinge to the nou∣rishment that a mā is fed withall, humours ey¦ther encrese or diminish.
• The grosse exhalacion of humours hurtfull to the minde: as dead and fulsome wyne, is to the body.
• Concord & harmony in mans body.
• De Natu▪ humana.
• Humours af¦ter a sort are the elemēts of man.
• Eunuch. Act. 4. Scaen. 5.
• The force, and vertue of Seede.
• Sounde pa∣rents beget sound Chil∣dren.
• Elemētes 4. Qualities 4. Humours 4.
• The nature of bloud.
• Phlegme
• Choler.
• Melācho∣lie.
• In bloud all the other humous are mixed.
• When a veine is ope¦ned, all the humours are ocularly to be seene.
• Humours haue both colour and tast.
• Spettle and Sweat, haue their force & power of humours.
• Tuēd. Val Lib. 6. De Tēp. 1
• Tempera∣tures sub∣iect to cha∣sige.
• Old men by nature dry: but in con∣ditiō moyst.
• Dissensiō & diuersitie of opinions, daungerous
• The profite of bloud.
• Leuit. 17. The cause why Moses forbad the eating of Bloud••
• Bloude not rashlye nor vnaduisedly to be let.
• Whēce th•• Arteries & Veynes spring.
• The Lyuer, the shop of Bloud.
• The heart, fountaine of bloud.
• The colour sheweth what humo∣urs be in the body.
• Tuend. val. lib. 4.
• Affectes of the mynde chaung the colour of the face and body.
• 1. Reg. 16.
• Philip king of Spaine.
• A straunge example of a yongman, sodainly be∣come graye headed.
• One sodain¦ly gray hea∣ded.
• Why some men euen sodainly are chaunged in Complex i••n and co∣lour.
• Imagina∣tion.
• Luke. 22.
• Feare of death more terrible thē death it self.
• Who dye in maner with out paine.
• The cause of fearefulnes when a man is in daūger
• Lib. 3. Ae∣neid.
• A wyseman sometime is put in▪ feare.
• Astonnish∣mēt of mind taketh a∣way the fee¦ling of pain.
• Leuit. 19.
• Deut. 13.
• Dreames sometime sent from God.
• Cap. 2.
• Cap. 7.
• To what vse and purpose sleepe ser∣ueth.
• The vertue and force of bloud as touching the framinge of the inwarde dispositiō & maners of the mynde.
• Persōs mere Sanguine, for the most part starcke fooles.
• Commēt 1. de nat human
• Man a Wolfe.
• Mic. ca. 7.
• Man a Lyon
• Cap. 19.
• Mā an Ape.
• Man a Foxe
• Children▪ quick, stir∣••••nge and playing, and the cause why.
• Boylinge of bloud in youth, like to spurging of newe wyne in the Tunne.
• Playig with the heade what it sig∣nifyeth.
• Sapien. 4.
• In Art. Poet.
• Lewd and ill disposed Coūsellours do youth mutch harm
• Pers. Sa. 5
• Good coun∣sell and ver∣tuous educa¦tion brin∣geth youth to goodnes.
• Bloud vseth the helpe of other hu∣mours in framing the manners.
• Difference betweene Sang••ine & Cholerick.
• Cholericke persōs great flouters.
• Sāguine cur¦teous and myld natu∣red.
• Inciination of nature.
• Best propor¦tion & mea∣sure of blod to other hu∣mours.
• Horat. in Art, Poet.
• Humours of more force then the pl••¦nets.
• Hor. lib. 1 Epist. 2.
• Bloude eg∣geth a man to riot and wilfuines.
• Epheme∣ra, or Diaria
• The English Sweate a kinde of the Ague Ephe∣mera.
• When the Sweatinge sicknes first began in Belgie.
• Blinde By∣ards.
• In what sort ••o sweat and how longe.
• Englishmen subiect a∣boue other Countreyes to the swea∣ringe sicke∣nesse.
• Iuuen. Sat. 5.
• Hoat and moyst Com¦plexiōs sub∣iect to putre faction.
• Receiptes Laxatiue & soluble.
• Howe exer∣cise is to be vsed.
• The head ta¦keth hurt by the disor∣der of the in feriour mē∣bers.
• Oppilation of the liuer from whēce it cōmeth.
• Tuend. Val. 6.
• Wormwod holsome for the liuer. Things put∣tinge away oppilation.
• Harmes of Venetie & carnall co∣pulation.
• Commodi∣ty of Vene∣ry.
• Seede beīg corrupt, is cause of much incō∣••enience.
• Moderatiō of Carnall dealinges.
• Prou. 8.
• Whores in lecherous lust neuer satisfyed, nor in re∣wards.
• Art. Mo∣dic. 86.
• Sperme or Seede.
• Matth. 19 1. Cor. 7.
• Sapient. 8
• Continency and Chasti∣ty a speciall gift of God.
• Matth. 17
• Phlegm the matter of Bloud.
• The myx∣ture of the Humours compared to wyne.
• Mylke of Bloud.
• The cause why Pytha goras Scho∣lers woulde eate no Mylke.
• Mylke in the breastes of yonge Children.
• Kernellie fleshe as in the dugges.
• Euery parte of the body hath his se∣ueral vertue
• The vse and effect of Phlegme.
• The place where Phle¦gme, is.
• Diseases {pro}∣ocedinge of Phlegme.
• Hora. lib. 1. Epist. 1.
• The he••d & Stomacke, the engen∣drers & cō∣ceptacles of Phlegme.
• The harmes of a bodye, and of a Realm first beginne at the head.
• Prou. 19. & 17.
• A brawling wife is lyke the top of a house wher throughe it is euer drop¦ping.
• Diseases {pro}∣ceedinge of Rewmes & Catarthes.
• Drōken mē stammer & double in their speach
• Stammere•••• cannot speake soft∣ly.
• Nature of persōs Phle¦gmatike.
• What Bea∣stes, fowles, & fishes be holesomest to eate.
• A dead E••le floateth not aboue wa∣ter, & why.
• Notes of a cold and moyst body
• Whereof hoarie hay∣res come.
• Hoaryne••••e in meates.
• Dreames shewe and bewray the disposition, state & Cō∣plexion of the bodye.
• Naturall Dreams in∣terpretable.
• Diuine Dreames.
• Dreames of the Phleg∣matick.
• Leuit. 19. Deut. 13.
• Wee maye not rashlye credite all Dreames.
• Pollution & effluxion of Seede, howe it hapneth.
• Canis panē somnians.
• Cap. 29.
• A place of Esay expo••¦ded.
• Tokens of a colde and moyst com∣plexion.
• Reason yel∣ded howe these Pro∣uerbes, Emū¦cte naris, & Obesae naris first began.
• Prayse of a Phlegma∣tike person.
• Phlegmatik persōs must vse exercyse
• Lib. 1.
• Tuend. Val. lib. 5.
• The Phleg∣matik must vse light sup¦pers.
• Foure kinds and effectes of Phlegme
• Gal. de. Plenit.
• Sweete Phlegme.
• Sower Phle¦gme.
• Doggishe appetite.
• Epiala.
• Salte Phle∣gme.
• Harmes of salt Phlegm
• Glassie or clammie Phlegme.
• What parts of the body be subiect to Phlegme
• Vse of Cly∣sters.
• Heate dis∣solueth moy¦sture, euen as the Sūne doth yse.
• All men in daunger to phlegme.
• Crudlty en∣gendreth Phlegme.
• All thinges done by me¦mory.
• Memory re¦steth in the Braine.
• Things hurt¦ful to the Memory.
• Carnal kno¦wledge of women is a weakening to the body
• A dry brain hath litle re¦membraūce
• A moyste braine vnha¦ble to re∣member.
• Old folk, & yonge Chil∣dren haue ill memories, but the rea∣son of the one is con∣trary to the other.
• Tempera∣ture of the braine, the maintenāce of Memory.
• Memory, the gifte of Nature, and is by Arte holpen and made bet∣ter.
• The reason why childrē cā remēber things long afore done.
• The Nucha and nape of the necke must bee kept warm.
• A mā would bee glad to forget some things.
• Mans cor∣rupt nature more, prone to ill thē to good.
• Themisto∣cles wyshed to learn the art of forget fulnes.
• Olde grud∣ges are to be forgottē.
• Healthe the strengthe of the Memo∣rye.
• Crudity and surphet the spoylers of Memory.
• Ad Herē Lib. 3. tit. 7.
• Memorye greatly hel∣ped and pre¦serued by lighte Sup∣pers.
• In som, sha∣uinge of the head is a helpinge to Memory, & in other some a hin∣draunce.
• Shauinge of the Bearde helpeth Me∣mory.
• Thīgs good for the Me∣mory.
• Herbes that sharpen the witte.
• Restorati∣ues and re∣medies for the Memo∣ry being em¦payred or decayed throgh cold¦nes & moy∣sture.
• To restoare a Memorye seemig past all recouery.
• Onyons ill both for the eyes & Me∣mory.
• Lactuce dim¦meth the sight. Rapes very beneficial & restoratiue▪ for the eyes.
• What sorts of Braynes be beste for Memory.
• Washing of the head.
• Coriander.
• Conserue of Quinces.
• Sweet smels cōfortable to the spirits.
• The confe∣ctiō of Ana¦cardus good for the Me∣mory.
• To restoare speach.
• To restoare the right vse of the tōgue to them that haue the A∣poplexie.
• The vertue of Lignum Aloes.
• A Cocke to crow conti∣nnally with∣out ceassing.
• All thinges subiect to chaunge.
• A Chole∣rick man.
• Choler na∣tural and be¦syde nature.
• The office of Choler.
• Anger what it is.
• By what par¦tes of the body Cho∣ler is pur∣ged.
• Iaundice.
• Wringynge of the small Gutts.
• Notes wher¦by to know a hoate and dry Cōplex∣ion.
• Virg. li. 4 Georg.
• Yealow hayre.
• Redde beards.
• Nature of Themistos cles.
• Red beard•• argueth not alwayes an ill disposed person.
• Wylie Fox∣es.
• Lib. 6.
• Sat. 3.
• Horat. in Art. Poet.
• Iuuen. Sat. 6.
• Pale or Ci∣trine Choler
• Tertian Agues.
• Bur••ing A∣ge••es.
• Lucan. lib. 7.
• Cholericke folkes haue many dread full and ter∣rible Drea∣mes.
• Howe to purge Cho∣ler.
• Slepe whole som & good for Chole∣ricke folke.
• Yolkie Cho¦ler.
• Leekish or greeue Cho¦ler.
• Lib. 2. prae¦dict. ca. 39
• Rustie or Brassie Cho¦ler.
• The Wolfe 〈◊〉〈◊〉, disease.
• Virg. AE∣neid. 1.
• Death.
• Man subiect to many ca∣sualties.
• What limi∣tation oure prayers and wyshes ou∣ght to haue.
• No man but is subiect to Melācholy.
• Students muche trou∣bled wyth Melācholy.
• Two sorts of Melācholy.
• Whereto Melācholy is like.
• The taste & relyce of Melācholy.
• De locis affect. lib. 3. cap. 5.
• The vse and Nature of the Mylt.
• In curcul. Act. 2.
• The Mylte hindereth agility and quicknes of body.
• Mylt cānot be taken a∣way.
• The Splene lykened to a Princes Exchequer or Treasury
• The Mylte causeth a mā to laugh & be mery.
• Wyne chee¦reth the har¦tes of them that bee se∣uere & ma∣keth them as merye as a Pye.
• What time Melancho∣like persons be out of measure me¦ry.
• Beste for grim and se∣uere folkes to vse mery company.
• The soue∣reigntye of the heart.
• Cordati.
• Socordes.
• Vecordes
• Genes. 3.
• Catiline.
• 1. Reg. 20
• Genes. 4.
• Cain a pat∣terne of de∣speration.
• Gal. 3.
• Agreement betwene the Heart and the Braine.
• The Gall is the foūteina of Anger.
• T••e Lyuer causeth lust and carnall desire.
• The Mylte beinge in right case, cause of myrthe and cherefulnes
• The Mylte affected, maketh the mynde hea∣uy and sad,
• Perturbati∣ons of mind
• Diseases of the Splene.
• Pers. Sa. 4.
• Signes of a destēpered Brayne.
• Tormentes of an vnqui∣et mynde.
• Timon a hater of all men.
• Iliad. 3.
• Causes of Melācholy affections.
• Torment of an vnquiet and guiltye conscience.
• Saty. 〈◊〉〈◊〉
• Remo•••••• Consci•••• for wi•••• deedes
• Esay 〈◊〉〈◊〉
• Despysinge of Gods word, auen∣ged and pu∣nished.
• Esay. 36 Leaning to a broken reede.
• 4. Reg. 18.
• Ezech. 29.
• Deut. 28.
• Leuit. 26.
• Iere. 〈◊〉〈◊〉
• Double c••••¦trition.
• 1. Cor. 10.
• Notes of a cold & drye Complexiō.
• Persōs Ph••••gmatick 〈◊〉〈◊〉 coloured.
• Trophonius Denne. S. Patrickes Purgatory.
• Three sorts of vnnatural Melācholy.
• The col•••• of Mela•••• choly en••••••med.
• Signes of suche as bee subiecte to Melācholy.
• Stāmeringe of tongue.
• Melancholy hath some heate in it.
• Melancho∣like persons fickle hea∣ded and vn∣constant.
• Affectes of Melancho∣lie, cold.
• Doltishe or Asselike Me¦lancholie.
• The force of Melan∣cholie much encreased.
• Probl. sect. 30. Quest. 13.
• Sundry cō∣ditions of Drouken folkes.
• Sat. 10.
• Melancho∣lyke folkes lecherous.
• Drunkards in the act of generation, very weake and feeble.
• Lib. 1. Epist. 5.
• Lib. 2. E∣pist. 2.
• Certaine hi∣storyes of Melancho∣like persons
• A notable story and re¦porte of a certaine Me¦lancholike man.
• Such as hee sterued vp with famine elye vpō the seuēth day.
• Slepe easeth the ydlenes of the brain or rauing.
• Aneid. 6.
• How to ex∣punge and beat downe Melācholy.
• Three sorts of Melācho¦lye.
• Whē to let Melancho∣like persons bloud.
• Good for Melancho∣like persons to bee laxa∣tiue & solu∣ble.
• Lib. 6. Aph. 48.
• Spirits shuf∣fle themsel∣ues in, amōg the humors
• Melancholy folkes must keepe them selues solu∣ble.
• Hare gee∣ueth Melā∣cholike nou¦rishment.
• Hare the holesō••er 〈◊〉〈◊〉 ••••g••hly hunted
• Ahore good for manye purposes in Phisicke.
• To eate a Hare, a Prouerbe.
• Moderate myrthe and bāquetting stirreth vp a pleasaunt colour and reuiueth the Spirits.
• The out∣vvard coun∣tenaunce of a man, be∣wrayeth the inwarde affections of his mind
• Diet for Me¦lancholicke persons.
• Liquide meates do quickly non rish.
• Such as bee subiecte to sicknes and quaisie, must eate but lit∣tle bread.
• The cause that brīgeth a stronge breath.
• Holesome exhortatiō.
• Quietnes & tranquillity of mynd ma¦keth all in good order and frame.