Batman vppon Bartholome his booke De proprietatibus rerum, newly corrected, enlarged and amended: with such additions as are requisite, vnto euery seuerall booke: taken foorth of the most approued authors, the like heretofore not translated in English. Profitable for all estates, as well for the benefite of the mind as the bodie. 1582.

¶Of the Gall. Chap. 40.

THe Gall is called Fel in Latine,* 1.1 for it is a case of a thin sell, and con••ay∣neth humour that is moyst and bitter, for red Cholera hath masterie and do∣mination therein, as sayth Isidore.* 1.2 And the gall receiueth the refuse and dregs of the bloud, and it cleaueth chiefely to the lappes of the liuer. For the case of the Gall is a certaine skinne, set vpon the bounch or rising of the lyuer, and hath two sprayes: by the one therof, red Cholera is borne to the guts, to comfort y^e vertue of out putting, y^t the guts may be purged and cleansed the better, & the more easilye, by the sharpnesse of that Cholera: By the other spraye, Cholera is brought to the stomacke, that it maye with heate thereof helpe the vertue of digestion.

Then the Gall is a member hot and

dry,* 1.3 set on the rising part of the lyuer: & is the propre receiuer of red Coler, and helpeth to clense the bloud from•• red Co∣ler. For by the presence of Coler the bloud should be burnt, but if the super∣fluitie therof had a place within the case of the Gall, and the Gall by heate ther∣of helpeth and susteineth the séething of meate and drinke, and perteth and suc∣keth by his subtiltie, and poncheth and prycketh by his byting and sharpnesse, and gnaweth and byteth the guttes, and exepteth and styrreth to put out super∣fluities and styncking things: And the Gall for great heate is most bytter, and by medlyng thereof with sweetenesse of the bloud, chaungeth or altereth. Huc vsque Constantinus, Aristotle, lib. 3. sayth, that the Dolphyn hath no Gall: and all kynde of foules and of sysh, and all maner of beastes, which lay Egges, haue Galles. Some haue more and some haue lesse: And by some manor of wise it is in subtil waies, that stretcheth from the Liuer to the guttes, by one maner, these waies stinken: And one maner the Gall is in a gutter diuersly, for some∣time in the nether, and sometyme in the myddle, and sometime in the ouer, and some foules haue Galls priuely hyd in a gutte, as Culuours or Doues, and wa∣ter Crowes, and Swallowes. And some haue a great Gall on the Lyuer, and in the wombe, and in a gutte, as in a Gos∣hauke, and in a Kite or Glede.

Also, lib. 14. Aristotle sayth, that some beasts haue no Galls, as Horses, Mules, Asses, and Olyphants. The Camel hath no Gall distinguished, but he hath smal veynes, in which is gall.

Also some men haue great gall in the Lyuer, and some haue not so great. And the Gall is a certaine superfluitie, which is gathered as dragges in the Wombe: But yet kynde vseth superfluitie to cer∣taine help and succour. In them that haue the kynde of the Lyuer whole and sounde, and well disposed and ordred, and haue kyndely swéete bloud, no Gall is founde: Or if it be founde, it is but lyt∣tle, and that in right small veynes. And therefore theyr. Lyuer that haue no gall, is of good colour, and more swéeter then the other. In a beast that hath Gall, is somewhat, which is of very swéet smell, founde vnder the Gall: For by gathe∣ring of the Gall into one place, the other parts being nigh ther about, are the swée∣ter and more pleasant.

Also the Gall by his subtiltie & sharp∣nesse, ••arueth and cutteth great humors, and wasteth them by his dryenesse. And therefore to clense the eye sight, and to make it cleare, and to put of the impedi∣ment and lette of the spirit of lyfe, and namely the Gall of & ••oshauke; and of other foules, which lyue by rauine, is ne∣cessary, as sayth Con in Viatico. And by continuing hease, and great boyling of the humour of the Gall, comming again to the Lyuer, the bloud is infected, which being infected, bothe after the nourish∣ments that are sent to féede the mēbers, and apphyreth and enfedeth them: and also maketh and causeth the skinne to be yelow of colour or els gréene, or blacke. The tollens of those passions be these: The infection of all the body, thirst, byt∣ternesse of y^e mouth, ••che of the forhead, rynging in the eares, yelow brine with yelow some continuall yelow spewing. And sometyme it happeneth, that the poo••es of the case of the Gall be stopped and letted: And then Coler infecteth the Lyuer, and bréedeth the same maner of passion. Therfore in Viatico, Con saith, that when the case of the Gal is greued, that than saylleth the vertue thereof, by the which he vseth to drawe out the red Coler of the Lyuer: And so the Coler a∣byding with the bloud, the bloud is dy∣ed & chaunged. Also he sayth, that when Apostume is bred in the wayes by the which Coler passeth to the Gall, the Coler turneth to the Lyuer, and passeth about with the bloud into all the body. For if the nether hole be stopped, than Coler passeth vp to the ouer waye, and to the stomacke, and than the fare is yelow, and the mouth is bitter and dry, burning and thirst in the stomacke.

The Uryne and dyrt commeth whyle, for that Coler is farre from the Lyuer and the Keynes; where the Uryne is wont to be dyed. And if the ouer hole be stopped, than Cōler dyeth the nether

partes: And tokens be séene that be con∣trary to the foresayd tokens, as Con∣stantine sayth. The gall lyeth vpon the liuer like a bladder, hauing a skin ea∣sie to breake, named Cista Fel••s, the Filme of the Gall.

¶This that is spoken and treated of the Gall, sufficeth touching to this matter.

Notes

• * 1.1

  Fel, chola
• * 1.2

  Addition
• * 1.3

  The Gall hot and drye.