A uery brefe treatise, ordrely declaring the pri[n]cipal partes of phisick that is to saye: thynges natural. Thynges not naturall. Thynges agaynst nature. Gathered, and sette forth by Christopher Langton.

The .iiii. boke (Book 4)

¶The first chapter. Of that part of phisick which tea∣cheth the knowlege of thinges y^t be past, present, and to cum.

THis is that same part of phisicke, the which (as I sayed before) contayneth the knowlege of thinges that be past, and the inspection, or the beholdynge of such as are pre∣sent, and the prophecie, or progno∣stication of thinges to cum. And therfore the mo cōmodities it hath the more exactly it wolde be lerned: for first it teacheth y^e knowlege of all passions, & diseases: in y^e which (yf the Phisition be ignorant) he shall neuer be able, to do any thing worthy prayse, in the body.

Therfore that yonge studentes, may the more luckely, attayne to the knowlege, of this parte of phi∣sicke, I wolde counsell euery eche one of them, to reade diligently Gallens .vi. bokes of places affec∣ted: in the which he handleth this matter at the large. For so it shall be brought to passe that he shal be experte in the diseases, of euery part, be the part neuer so lyttell.

Who so is exactly sene in this knowlege, shal besides other, haue this especiall commoditie, which is, that among the sicke, his credit shall be greate: for the sicke man trusteth none so muche, nor is so well ruled of any, as he is of that Phisitiō, which is able to declare thinges present paste, and to cum. Therfore the disease is easilye cu∣red whan the Phisition, and the

pacient, be both against it, & more∣ouer he shal beare no blame, what so euer chaunce or happen to hys pacient, y^t I may omytte the great prayse, glory, and renoune, which with one consente shall be geuen hym euery where. Therfore Hyp∣pocrates counselleth all Phisiti∣ons, diligently to learne this kno∣lege. The whiche, no man hath so well discussed (I except Hippocra∣tes alwayes) as Gallen hath. Wherfore they that be able to vn∣derstande hym, let them go no far∣thar: but as for yonge and igno∣rant studentes, (for whose sake only I haue taken this in hand) if they reade diligently this littell rude worke, I truste though they be not satisfied, yet they shall not lese all their payne. Therfore first of all to the accomplysshynge, or

gettyng of this knowlege, it is ne∣cessarye to expounde this worde Crisis, which the lattyns call iudi∣cium, & in english it may be called iugement: but at this present time it signifieth any suddē mutation in euery disease whether it be longe or short, and this sudden mutation is parted in .iiii. For ether the sicke is made hole incōtinent, or elles is in a greate towardnesse to health, or dieth out of hand, or finally be∣cūmeth a greate deale worse. The first of these mutations, which w^t∣out any delay cureth the disease, is simply and absolutly called Crisis, The other which only amendeth y^e disease, is called crisis insufficiens, which is to say ā insufficient iuge∣ment. The third is called mala cri∣sis, that is to say an euyl change, or iudgement. The .iiii. may be called

both vnparfit and euyll also. To y^e knowlege of this chaunge which is called crisis, the .iiii. times of the disease, that is to say, the begin∣nyng, the encreasynge, the heyght, and declination, must be obserued, and marked of the Phisition. The beginnyng is deuided in .3. the first inuasion of the disease is the firste beginnynge, & is simple w^tout any bredth. The .ii. hath bredth, and continueth to the thirde day. The third is the tyme afterwarde, tyl y^e begynnyng of concoctiō. The time wherin the sicknes groweth, is frō the begynnyng of concoction, vn∣til the disease be at his ful strength which before is called the heygth. The .iiii. tyme which is called the declination, begynneth after the heygth, and lasteth tyl the disease be ful past and ended.

These be the vniuersall tymes in disseases, besydes whiche there is other called particular: as in such feuers as kepe fittes, the begin∣nyng of the fitte, is the colde in the vtter partes: the growynge is whiles the body waxeth hote: and the state, or hayght is, whan the heate is egally dispersed through∣out the body: the declination, whā the heat goeth away. Before I de∣clare howe to knowe this sudden mutation, which of the grekes is called Crisis, I thinke it expedient, and necessary to shewe in fewe wordes, the difference of y^e signes & tokens goinge before, which be of thre sortes: of the first sort, is y^e signes of cruditie, and concoction, as the excrementes of the bellye, the vryne, and spettel: by the ege∣stions of the nether belly it is kno∣wen

how the stomacke altereth: the vryne ether declareth cruditie, or good concoction in the vaynes: the spettell showeth ether y^e good, or euill constitution of the lunges, and instrumentes of breathing.

These signes what tyme of the disease so euer they happen, kepe alwayes theyre power firme and stable: For the signes of concocci∣on, alwayes declare health, & the cōtrary signes, ether great paines longe sicknes, deth, or finally the turnyng agayne of the euyll. Of the .ii. sorte be the signes of life & dethe: as quicke slepe, easy bre∣thinge, goodnes of the pulse, like in face to them that be hole, han∣sume & cumly liyng in bed, sweat, and such as to these be clene con∣trary. Of the third sort be the iud∣gynge signes, of the which sorte

there be .ii. kyndes: for sum be as signes, and causes both together, as vomittynge, excrementes of the belly, the great quantitie of vryne, and sweates, bledynge at the nose, or the falling of humors out of one place in to another: and other be as signes alone, as watche, deade slepes, troublesum dreames, diffi∣cultie of breathynge, dimnesse of sight, dulnesse of sense, head, necke, and stomacke ache, singinge in the heade, involuntary teares, quiue∣rynge of y^e neyther lippe, forgetful∣nesse, face, eyes, & nose red, abhor∣ryng of meat, vehement thurste, w^t other such lyke. All these, in that y^t they declare any sudden mutation, be called iudgynge signes: and in that that they folow diseases, they be called iudgynge accidentes.

These haue not theyr power al∣wayes firme, and certayne, as the signes of concoction, and cruditie haue, but they are to be liked if they happen after concoction, that is whyles y^e sickenesse is in the state: and in the begynnyng, and before any concoctiō, they be not only not to be belyked, but to be fered, as deadly signes. Concernyng y^e Na∣ture or propertie of signes, for this tyme, let this suffice: but as for such signes, as declare sudden mutation before called crisis, to be good▪ I entend yet (god willing) to speake a lyttell more, whiche maye be knowen .iii. manner of wayes. First yf before Crisis cum, there be concoction of the disease,

I meane of the vryne, the egesti∣ons, and spettell: the which eche, ought to be considered in hys pro∣per place: For in the diseases of y^e brest, & lunges, the spettell should be taken moste heade of, and beste marked, and yet the vryne ought not to be neglected, no nor the ex∣crementes of the belly nether, but in an ague, which is without any inflammation eyther of the lyuer raynes, bladder, or splene, y^e vrine must be regarded especially: as yf the stomake, or mawe, be greued, the excrementes of y^e belly wolde be considered before the other. Yet the vryne, is not then to be abiec∣ted nether. Secundarily yf the cū∣mynge of it, be signified by any of the iudgynge dayes, it is to be ly∣ked of the Phisition: the declara∣tion of the which dayes, I omyt,

because I haue obserued that ther is in them, more error then truthe, more superstition, then knowlege: and bysyde this, the scripture com∣maundeth vs Christen men, to ob∣serue no dayes: yet yf any man be wylling to know them let him seke what Hyppocrates, & Gallen hath written of them: & then I doubte not (though he be dull wytted) but that he shall quicly know what is ment by them. Thirdly it is good, yf the mesure, and forme of the ex∣crementes, be correspondent, and aggreable to the disease: as yf in an hot burnynge feuer, the sicke blede at the nose: or after a feruent shakynge, sweat much, and hot in all partes of hys bodye: or vomite muche chollar, or finally voyde much by syege, for so y^e feuer terti∣an shoulde ende: the quotidian not

only by much sweatyng, but also by the avoydynge of flewme, both vpward, and dounward, in greate quantitie. The frenesie, is iudged by much hot sweat, cummynge in euery parte of the body, but especi∣ally yf the head sweate feruently: yet sumtyme it is iudged and en∣ded, by bledynge at the nose: howe be it in the lythargie, bledynge at the nose is euyll.

The pleuresie is betwixte these .ii. For bledyng at the nose in it, is to be lyked better, then in the lithargy, & worse then in the phren∣sie. The inflammacions of y^e liuer and splene, be alwayes iudged by bledynge at the nose: the liuer, if it blede on the right side, and y^e splene f the lift: beside these, the age and complexion of the sicke, and also hys forma•• diet, and place wherin

the sicke abydeth, with the tyme of the yere, and the present constituti∣on of the ayer, be to be considered of the Phisitiō, whiles he iudgeth crisis to be ether good or euil. For as the disease is cholerike, & all these cholericke also, it is necessary that whan crisis happeneth, chollar plē∣tifully to be voyded: so if flewme redounde it is nedefull for flewme to be pourged: if diuers humors, y^e euacuation muste be also of diuers humors. But whan the Phisition shall know these thinges exactly, then of y^e ende, he may easily know the rest: for yf the sicke, which alre∣die hath suffered crisis, be deliuered of his ague and other accidentes & be better culloured, hauyng al∣so better pulses, and more strength to rise, without doubte the crisis was good.

The knowlege of the euyll Crisis, as ther is in it much coniecture, so ther is also in it much incertaynty: For as where nature is strong, and ruleth easily the humors, she mo∣ueth orderly, and maketh an ende of her actions: so whan she taketh a fall, her motions be both incer∣tayne, and inordinate, and therfore hard to be knowen. wherfore such a case requireth an artificer, and a well exercised Phisitiō, the which may firste declare whether there shall be any Crisis, at all or no: se∣cūdarily wether this day, or that: last of all whether it shall kyll the sicke forthwith, or but only hurte hym. What shoulde nede many wordes, by these .3. it is easily to be knowen whether the sick shall die, or liue: first, by the kinde of the dis∣ease: secundarily, by the greatnesse

of it: thirdly, by the manner, and fashion of it: fortly by the mouyng of it. The kynde of the disease, is knowen of y^e accidentes folowing it, as in example: the pleuresie is knowen by the prickyng payne of the syde, y^e difficultie of brething by the fieuer whiche alwayes is annexed to it, by y^e coughe, & hard∣nesse of the pulse: but y^e greatnesse of it, may be learned by the quan∣titie, & vehemency, of the forsayde accidentes: and the manner of it, by the accidentes which folow it: as yf they be many in number, yf they be longe, mightye, and euyll, or such as to these be cleane con∣trary, the mouynge of it, by the tyme of the partes of the fit. To these .iiii. the consideration of the cūtry, the tyme of the yere, the na∣ture, & cōstitutiō of the sickmanes

body, with other such, as is in this same chapter before rehersed is ne∣cessary also. Of these, that Phisi∣tion which is an artificer, shall easily iudge life or deth in his pa∣cient: & he y^t is not, let hym speake no farther thē he knoweth, & so he shall sustaine no blame nor shame.

¶Of the vryne. The .ii. chapter.

SEing that the vryne is the alonly marke of y^e liuer & vaynes, in what error thinke you that the Phisi∣tions are now a dayes which take vpon them, to iudge all diseases by the vryne: which is as absurde & impossible, as of the spettell, to declare the gryefe of the bladder, and raynes: wherfore seinge that agaynste all knowlege, and good lernynge, they do so shamefully a∣buse the lookynge of the water, &

deceyue the poore, ignorant, and simple people so craftily, I thinke them worthy to be called, as Ari∣stophanes calleth them, couetouse and vnlerned Phisitions, sithens that they esteme more theyr filthy lucre, then the truthe. But nowe to my pourpose. The vryne is the excrement and watry sub∣stance of the blood, which after y^e concoction doone in the vaynes, is drawen thense by the kidneyes or raynes, in to the bladder, where it is reserued tyl it may cōueniently be let out: in the beholding of the which, ther is .4. thinges to be cō∣sidered, which be these folowing: y^e substance, cullar, quantitie, & cō∣tentes: of y^e which no man can wel iudge, which knoweth not parfit¦ly y^e holsummest, & of all other the best vrine, wherto he may cōpare the rest.

The best water, or vryne, and the which is of a temperate man, in substance is nether to thicke nor thinne, but moderate, in quantitie as much, & no more then he dronk: in cullar sumwhat inclinynge towardes yealowe, hauynge a white, light, and equall sediment: & such a water as this, of a yonge Phisition shoulde often be loked vpon, to the entent that whan he seethe any other differ neuer so li∣tell from it, he may forthwith cō∣iecture the same man, whose wa∣ter he hath sene, so much to differ from parfit health, how much hys water differeth from the other. Now after I haue showed which is the best water, ther remayneth behynde, the declaration of such thinges as is in y^e vryne, especial∣ly to be cōsidered: which I pour∣pose

to declare orderly. The sub∣stance of the vryne, is ether thicke, thynne, or moderat and equall be∣twixt both. That which is mode∣rat, is of all other the best, and yf it be to thinne or thick, it declareth vnparfit concoction: Of the thyn vryne, there is .ii. differences: For the one is pissed thynne, and clere, and so remayneth styll: and the other is pissed thinne and clere, and after becummeth thycke and troubled: but they be both crude, & rawe, and doe lacke concoction, & thus they differ: The tone signi∣fieth extreme cruditie, declarynge nature as yet, not to haue begūne any concoction. The tother show∣eth that nature hath begun conco∣ctiō but very lately. The trouble∣sumnes signifieth great plenty of wyndie spirites, to be mixt with

the watry substance of the vryne. Of thycke and troubled waters, there is also .ii. differencis: yf it be thick whan it is pissed, then after∣ward it waxeth clere, hauing a re∣sidence in the bothome, which pro∣ficieth of sum inequall turbulent matter remayning behynde in the vaynes: And on the other side, sum other water, whiche after it is made is thicke, and remayneth so stil: which signifieth great trouble and agitation, as yet to remayne in the bloode. Hitherto I haue de∣clared the substance of the vryne, wherfore now foloweth the cul∣lar: of the which ther be .vi. diffe∣rencys in especiall, which is white pale, tawny, yealow, red, & blacke: For all the rest be contayned vn∣der these. Vndar white is contay∣ned the cullar of cristall, snowe, &

water, the which all signifie great cruditie. Not so whyte as these is milke, horne white, & the hearres of a chammell: And as the vrynes of these cullars, differ from very white, so they declare better con∣coction. After whyte they be next, that be sum deale pale, the which because they be a littell tincte, they ar not extreme crude. A pale cul∣lar is made, by the mixture of chol∣lar, and water together, so that in the mixture there goeth but a litell chollar, to a great dele of water: of pale by meanes of concoction, sū∣time is made a light tawny which Actuarius, taketh to be the cullar of gilt. After a tawny followeth a light yelow, which is a cullar like the floures of cartamus, which is commonly called the gardyn saf∣faron: after the which, commeth yealowe, whiche is the cullar of

saffaron: and a light red, whiche is y^e cullar of a certayne drug, cal∣led bolum, is next: then red it selfe which is the cullar of a cherry: af∣ter these is a darke red, whiche is the cullar of a mulberry: and yet there is a darcker, which is made of whyte, and red, egally myxte together, and of the latyns it is called, Venetus: grene is the cullar of beetes, whiche the gardiners call the whyte beetes, or elles the cullar of y^e precious Emmoroyde: Besyde these, there is yet other cullars, as the cullar of oyle, the cullar of lead, and all cole blacke cullars, which is knowen almost of euery chylde. Yf I haue here in the discripsions of cullars, misse or wronge named any cullar, I praye the paynters, to accept my good wyll, and pardon my igno∣rancye:

in the iudgyng of cullars y^e Phisiciō shoulde be prouident, because that oftentymes, with e∣uery light occation, the cullar of the vrine dothe alter, and change, not only in them that besicke, but also in thē y^t be hole: & of this mu∣tatiō, or chaunge there is .3. special causes. The first is meate not wel altered, or disgested, which is not apt to make bloude, wherfore it changeth the cullar of the vryne to y^e same cullar that it selfe is of, which is wont to happen to them that is sicke and diseased, yea and sumtyme to such also as is hole: moreouer sum medicine will alter the cullar of the vrine. The second cause of y^e altering of y^e cullar in y^e water, is the drinke: for the vryne cōmonly kepeth the cullar of those thinges which is receyued in the

drinke. The .iii. cause is the colly∣quation of such thynges, as con∣sume and melt in the body, as the fat, which whan it wasteth, for the most part cullereth vryne. Besyde these there be other causes also whiche do the same, as exercise, hungar, slepe, watche, w^t a great many other such like. which in the beholdynge of the vryne eche one by hym selfe shoulde be diligently considered of the Phisition. Now I entende to declare what may be coniectured in the vrine of the sub∣stance, & cullar. A thinne vrine, si∣gnifieth the lacke of natural heat, not without the obstructions of y^• liuer, raynes, & splene, by meanes of cruditie: A thicke declareth ex∣cesse of matter, & humors fillinge the belly, guttes, and the holowe partes of the liuer: which yf it be sene in a feuer, thynne goinge

before, it signifieth the dissoluing of y^e feuer. But if after y^t the feuer is alredie cū, y^e vryne appere thick, nor in continuance of time waxeth no thinnar, thē it signifieth plenty of humors. Concernyng y^e cullars what white, pale, yelowe, & read signifie, partly is alredy declared, & more may be gathered, of these y^e folow. The darke red which is the cullar of the mulberry, showeth y^t the bloode burneth in the vaynes. The grene signifieth the worste kind of chollar to be encresed both in quātitie, & qualitie. That vryne which hath y^e cullar of oyle, show∣eth y^e colliquatiō of y^e hole body, or elles of y^e raynes only. The blacke water sumtyme declareth healthe as in the pourginge of melācholy, but if grene went before, thē it is a very argumēt of death, & it is more

to be feared in men then wemen. Now we be cū vnto the quantitie which in them that be hole should be so much as was dronken. The water excedeth in quantitie for y^e most part, by meanes of these cau∣ses folowynge: first whan a man eateth and drinketh to much, the meat being to moyst, or the drinke being watrishe wine. The second whan he hath taken medicynes, which prouoke vryne. The thirde whan the raynes is distempered with ouer much heat. The forth whan the belly is drier, then it ought to be naturally. The fyfte whā ther procedeth no euacuatiō of y^e belly nor other wayes, which Hyppocrates witnesseth, sayinge: Water much in quantity, made in the night, prophecieth of a small siege: Litel water hapneth of cō∣trary

causes: First of littell drin∣kynge, drinesse of meates, muche exercise, and other lyke vnto these, which be wont to dry the body. Secondarily, for meates & medi∣cyns whiche for their grosnesse, make obstruction in the liuer and splene, and other places. Third∣ly for the grosnesse and clammy∣nesse of humors. Forthly for the plentifull pourgynge of the belly. Fyftly for the vehement heat, and drinesse in a feuer. Sixtly, for the weaknesse of the excretiue power, both in the raynes & other partes seruynge to the avoydynge of the water, or vryne. The .iiii. thynge which in the vryne is to be consi∣dered be the contentes, so called (I thynke) because they consist in e∣uerye parte of the altitude of the body of the water. And as the

heyght of the body of the water is deuided in to .iii. as in to the bo∣thome of the vryne, the brinke, or highest region, & in to the middell of these extremities: so of the con∣tentes sum swymmeth in the top, and other hangeth in the middell, and sum goeth to the bothom. In y^e contentes ther be .iii. thinges to be considered, y^e substance, cul∣lar, and quantitie. The substance, because sūme be thicke, and other sum thynne, and sūme in a meane betwixt bothe. The contentes of healthy waters, be moderat of sub¦stance, light, & egall. They be cal∣led light, which be continuall & of of one pece, not rough, nor broken in any part, & suche as is to these contrary may be called rough. Cō∣tentes y^t be grosse, signifie copie & plenty of crude, & raw humors in

the vaynes, & sumtime y^e strength of the excretiue facultie, in pour∣ginge superfluous humors. Con∣tentes y^t be thinne, signifie weak∣nesse of nature in y^e secōd cōcoctiō▪ & declareth also grosse humors to be subtyled, & made thynne. Con∣cernyng the cullar of contentes, sū be very whyte, summe pale, sūme yealowe, sūme red, sūme bluddy, sūme blacke, & sūme of diuers cul∣lars. Contentes very whyte be e∣ther peces of slymye humors, or els matter to much baked: whiche commeth from sūme of the innar partes: pale contentes be euill, be∣cause they decline from the natu∣rall cullar: yealowe be euyl also, in that y^t they declare the ouer muche encreasinge of chollar: red signifie lacke of concoction, and the conty∣nuynge of the disease. Blodie de∣clare y^t the blood is not throughly

labored of nature: blacke signifi∣eth ether y^e mortifiyng of naturall heat, or elles the pourgynge of me∣lancholy. Nowe since that I haue brefely declared the cullar, and substance of the contentes, ther re∣mayneth behynde the quantitie, which if it be much, as it showeth the nurisshynge of the body, so it dothe the fortifiynge of the excre∣tiue facultie. For while nature la∣boreth much in alteryng the nur∣rishemente, she must nedes make many excrementes. The scarcity & lacke of cōtentes, happeneth ether of fastyng, or exercise, or obstructi∣on in y^e vaynes, or finally of ouer slowe concoction. Sumtime there is an euill sauor in the vrin, which signifieth ether rottennesse of sum part of the body, or elles the mor∣tifyinge of the hole body: specially

yf y^e substance, & cōtentes be euill.

¶Of the excrementes of the belly. The .iii. chapter

THat siege, or excre∣ment is best, &, moste naturall, whiche is soft, and lieth toge∣ther hole, and well compact, made at the accustomed tyme in health, and in quantitie, correspondent to that y^t is eaten: of the contrarye part, that is an e∣uill and an vnnaturall siege, or ex∣crement which is hard, thynne, or rough, not made in y^e accustomed howre of healthe. If the siege be very much cullared, it is euyll and signifieth ouer muche chollar in the guttes: and if it be not tincte at all, but like vnto the meat whiche was eaten, it signifieth cruditie, &

no chollar at all to resorte to the guttes: but if y^e siege be yealowe in y^e declination of the sicknesse, thē it declareth the body to be pourged of chollar very well. If the siege be grene it showeth that there is great plentie of rustie chollar: and yf it be blacke it signifieth ether the abundance of melancholy, or elles the adustion of blood in the stomacke. Yf it be of the cullar of leade, then it betokeneth the mor∣tifiynge of the innar partes, or at the leaste an extreme colde in the same. If it be ether fatty, or clam∣mye, & no like meat hath be eaten immediatly before, it signifieth the hole body to consume. If it be verye muche stinkyng, it is a sure token of putryfaction. In these thinges, the nature and qualitie of the meates, be as well to be cō∣sidered,

as the imbecillitie an weakenesse of the guttes, in suffe∣ring fluxes, and reumes from the head. whan the excrement in cum∣mynge forth maketh any noyse, it declarethe winde to be mixte w^t thynne moysture, and the funde∣ment to be drawen nere together. Whan any wyndye spirit striueth with moysture, then commonly there remayneth sum fome in the siege. The siege being diuers in cullar, showeth y^e body to be diuer∣sly affected: wherfore for the most part it is a signe of long sicknesse.

¶Of the spettell. The .4. chapter

THe spettell is to be consi∣dered in all diseases, but especially in the diseases or griefes of the brest, and lunges: in the which diseases, yf the paci∣ent spet nothing at all, it is a tokē

of extreme cruditie: but if he spet, though it be moyst & crude it sig∣nifieth the first part of the disease, which is the beginning to be new∣ly ended: after that it is more ba∣ked & cummeth vp first a littell, & then more & more, thē the sicknesse is almost in y^e state & at the worst, & whan it is well baked, & cūmeth a great pase, then the disease is al∣redy in the state, which is to say at the heyght, because thē it cā grow no hygher, & after cummyng lesse, w^t more ease & lesse grefe in cough∣yng, and takyng of breth, beinge also well cōcoct, & not crude, it sig∣nifieth y^e sicknesse to decline, & de∣part. Yf the spettel be sumthynge nigh vnto yelowe, w^t a light fome vpon it, it is a token, of cruditie on∣ly, without any furthar euill. But if it be very yelow, tawny, grene, or

blacke, or clammy w^t much fome, it is not to be beliked at all: if it be blody, it is nothynge so euyll as blacke and yealow, but the man∣ner of excretion, must also be well marked: For if it cum vp easily, thē it is to be accounted good, and yf not but w^t difficultie of brethyng, thē it is euel. The absolute note, & marke, of concoction is whan the spettel is light, white, and egal, & of substance nether thynne, nor thicke: yf the spettell be thynne, & not blacke, it signifieth nothynge but the lacke of naturall heat, but yf it be the cullar of leade, or rusti∣nesse or blacke, it is extreme euyll.

¶The .v. chapter of the pulses.

THe pulse is a sensible mouynge of the hart and Arteries, (that is to say vaynes, hauing

two coates growing of the hart, & carriynge both blod and spirit) by the which they be lifted vp and let done againe. This mouynge hath ii. vses: For in the dilatynge of the arteries, colde Ayer is drawen in which doeth not only stirre vp, but also refresheth the vitall power, wherof the Animall spirites be made, and in the submission, or cō∣traction of the forenamed Arte∣ries, the smoky excrement whiche came of burnte & humors aduste, is expelled. Parauenture summe will loke, that here in this place I shoulde haue declared the diffe∣rencys of the pulses, because that w^tout the knowlege therof, there can be no diuinatiō by the pulses. Howbeit I willingly at this time omyt them, because Gallen and

Archigines with other mo aunci∣ent writers are not as yet agreed of them, & Cornelius Celsus (non of the worst Phisitions) semeth to doubt much whether any thynge may certaynly be coniectured by them or no. But this I am assured of that though I should haue set them furth so playnly as I coulde for my lyfe, yet they shoulde not haue bene throughly knowen, but of such as alredy be well entred, & practised, not only in the workes of Phisicke, but also in Arithma∣ticke, and Mathamaticke: and as for such let them serche what Gal∣len and other olde phisitions haue wrytten: For to them this littel rude boke is not written, but on∣ly to suche as are ignorant in the lattyn tong, y^t they may by healp of this my boke, not only lerne sū∣thyng

for theyr bodely health, but also saue theire money, which they dayly wast in feeding such Phisi∣tions as be not lernyd, wherfore gentyll readers accept my good wyll though I haue not satisfied youre expectation, remembrynge the olde poetes sayinge:

Rebus et in magnis est voluisse satis.

which is to say that in matters of weyght, to haue ben wyllynge it is sufficient.

Finis.