A most excellent and learned vvoorke of chirurgerie, called Chirurgia parua Lanfranci Lanfranke of Mylayne his briefe: reduced from dyuers translations to our vulgar or vsuall frase, and now first published in the Englyshe prynte by Iohn Halle chirurgien. Who hath thervnto necessarily annexed. A table, as wel of the names of diseases and simples with their vertues, as also of all other termes of the arte opened. ... And in the ende a compendious worke of anatomie ... An historiall expostulation also against the beastly abusers, both of chyrurgerie and phisicke in our tyme: with a goodly doctrine, and instruction, necessary to be marked and folowed of all true chirurgie[n]s. All these faithfully gathered, and diligently set forth, by the sayde Iohn Halle.

THE THIRDE PARTE OF Anatomy, which sheweth the shape & forme of the furcules, and of the ribbes, of the brest, and the chine bone of that part, vnto the mouthe of the stomache.

The .i. Chapiter.

¶Of the brest and the .xii. turninge ioyntes of that region, wyth the rybbes and other bones, and partes, as Pleura. &c.

VNder the throte, in the foreparte therof, are ordeined the .ii. bones called Claues & Furculae,* 1.1 and of some Iugula,* 1.2 in english the canell bones: which he round wythout, and holowe wythin. And they are faste∣ned at the one end in the shoulder, as I haue shewed in the. ii. chapiter: At the o∣ther end they are fastened together with the vppermoste parte of the brest,* 1.3 at the pit of the throte.

At which pit beginneth the region of the brest,* 1.4 holdinge in the forepart of Pectorale called of Galen Sternon, whych is constytute but of. iii. bones, althoughe some number them vii (as you se Lanfranke doth,) accordinge to the. vii. longe ribbes of eche side ioyning to them, whiche are in dede fa∣stened to those ribbes, & eche of them to other, with a gri∣stelly substance, that extendeth it self with a sce••lder flexi∣ble poynt, beneathe those bones, (like y^e poynt of a sworde,) ouer the mouthe of the stomach: and therfore is called of dy∣uers authors in greke Xiphocides,* 1.5 and in latin Scutiformis, or Ensiformis.* 1.6 Whiche by his bowing geueth roume to the sto∣mache: and yet by his gristlye hardnesse defendeth it from hurt. And in that place, or nighe to the same beneth, is the mouth of the stomache,* 1.7 And this lengthe, w^t the knittinges

together,* 1.8 of gristlye substances, and the makinge of these bones, wyth the ribbes in the ridges, is proprelye called the brest, in Greke Thorax, and in Latine Pectus. And of ryb••es there are on eche side .xii. called Costae, whyche are fastened wyth. xii. of the spondils, whiche are proprelye the spon••ils of the brest,* 1.9 and called therefore Metaphreni Vertebrae: as the nexte of the spondilles downe warde, whiche be .v. in num∣ber are called Lumborum Vertebrae, the spondilles of y^e reines. And those. xii. ribbes are bowinge, in the maner of halfe a compasse: of the which there are vii. called Costae Verae which beinge fastened at the hynder endes, wyth the spondilles of the backe,* 1.10 are byggest in the myddest: whose former endes are fastened wyth the gristles of the. iii. bones of Sternon: & v. of those. xii. rybbes are shorte, and reche not to Sternon, as doe the other. vii. but are only fastened in the spondilles be∣hynde, & therfore called Costae Spuriae, in English fals ribbes, or backwarde rybbes: because when the formoste endes of them be bowed downe, they bow vpward againe. For they haue no fastening at the fore endes,* 1.11 as haue the. vii. greate ribbes: whyche are fastened as I sayde ere while wyth the bones of the brest, and take their knittinges of them. & note that alonge the syde, vnder or within these ribbes, is a pan∣nycle or skyn called Pleura, wherin is engendered the inflā∣mation called Pleuritis, and in Englyshe the pleurisye.

The. ii. Chapiter.

¶Of the hearte.

ANd wythin those bones,* 1.12 that is to saye the bones of the brest, the rybbes, and the spondilles of the same, wythin the holownesse that is made of them, I saye is the heart, named in Greeke Cardia, and in Latyne Cor, confyrmed and sette. Whiche because he is the pryncipall member,* 1.13 of all other members, and the beginning of life, is thus sette in the myddest of the breaste, as ••orde and kinge to all the rest: of whome he is obeyed and serued,

as a prince of hys subiectes. And the hearte hathe bloude in hys owne substance, wheras all other members haue it but in arteries and veines: and in the hearte is the nutrityue bloude made liuelye spirite, and caried forth in the arteries, whiche in the hearte haue theyr beginnynge, as I sayd suf∣ficiently in the firste treatise. And the heart is couered with a stronge pannicle called of the latines Capsula cordis,* 1.14 and of the Grecians Pericardion. And from the hearte procedeth the greate arterie, whiche is called in latine Arteria magna, from whome brauncheth and procedeth all the other arteries, y^t are in anye member of the bodye: by whiche meanes the spirite of life is caried to all the members of the same,* 1.15 as it is sufficientlye saide, in the firste treatise and the. vii. chapi∣ter. And the hearte is an offyciall member, spermatike, and of a lacertous substance: The greate ende wherof in his be∣ing, leaneth and inclineth moste vnto the ryghte syde, and the small ende leaneth moste vnto the lefte syde. And in the hearte haue the venall arterye, and the arteriall veine their begynninges: of whose processes and offices I speake im∣mediatlye hereafter in the lunges.

Here also mighte be to greate purpose declared, the great secretes of these firste mouinges, whiche are in the hearte, called in greke Systole,* 1.16 and Diastole, in latine Contractio, & Di∣latatio,* 1.17 whiche are compared in this orbicle, (of diuers lear∣ned men) to the primum mobile or firste mouer, in the greate orbe. For these mouinges are the first cause of all other mo∣uinges:* 1.18 as of pulses in the arteries, and so of all the rest. But because those secretes passe the capacitye of the cōmon sorte: and also that I should breake my purpose of briefnes, I omit them, and wil now speake of the lunges or lightes.

The. iii. Chapiter.

☞Of the lunges, and theyr partes and offyces.

THe lunges also called in Greke Pneumon and in latine Pulmo,* 1.19 are set in the same holownesse, which are cold and moist of complexion, and is deuided into v. lobes

or partes: iii. or the ryght syde, and. ii, on the left. And ther is also the pannicle Mediastinum, being of like composytion wyth Diaphragma. And as Diaphragma deuideth the region of the brest and the partes therof, from the belly, so dothe Me∣diastinum deuide the lunges and the brest into.* 1.20 ii. seueral par∣tes, after the lengthe. And thys deuisyon of the lunges in partes was ordeined, that if one part perishe, an other may serue the turne.

And. iii. kindes of vessels we finde in the lunges worthy of note.* 1.21 The firste is an arteriall veine (mencioned in the firste treatise, chapi. 8.) comminge from the hearte, and brancheth into y^e lūges: bringyng from y^e heart liuely spirite and nutrimentall bloud vnto them. The seconde is a venal arterye, (wherof I haue spoken in the firste treatise cha. 7.) conueying from all partes of the lunges into the lefte ven∣tricle of the hearte, freshe aer: as well to temper and myti∣gate the greate heate thereof, as also to be made there (by mixinge wyth moste fyne bloude) pure and liuely spirit, by the workynge of the hearte, to be sente to the great arterye: and from him by all other arteries, to all and euerye parte of the bodye.* 1.22 The thirde is Arteria aspera, throughe whome the lunges drawe in and put forthe aer: for whose farther description, looke in the ende of the firste chapiter of thys treatise.

And from the firste spondill of the brest, whiche (if ye be∣gin to number at the vpper end of Nucha) is the. viii. spon∣dill of the ridge:* 1.23 from this spondill I saye, commeth two si∣newes, which geue felyng and mouing to the whole brest: for of them are made the muscles, and the mouing synewes of that place. And note, that some of the mouinge synewes and muscles of the brest, moue according to the wil, whiche for the moste parte come from the. vi. and. vii. paire of sy∣newes of the brayn, and of Nucha: and some synewes moue by the natural makinge of the brest. Which is knowne by the disease or sicknesse, called Apoplexia: The cōdition wher∣of is suche, that before the time of the sycknesse, the breste moueth: but in the houre of sycknesse it can not moue. For

in the time of sicknesse in this disease, the braine is founde stopped, from whence these synewes procede: so that by the sayde stoppinge of the braine, the animall spirites be suffo∣cate, and may not distende in the sayde synewes, to do their operation in mouynge.

The. iiii. Chapiter.

¶Of the veines of the brest, and their beginnynges and procedinges, and howe incisyon shoulde be done in the brest, and the partes thereof.

THe veines that are in the aforesaide skin deuidinge the brest, (nourishynge those partes,) come from the seconde branche of Vena caua:* 1.24 whiche is the lesse of the two greate veynes, that haue theyr begynninge, in the ho∣lownesse of the liuer. Whiche braunche commeth into Dia∣phragm: or the midrife, & frō thence it goeth endlōg into th•• forsayde skyn, whiche deuideth the brest called Mediastinum. And wyth these goe other veines, whiche come from the thirde branche of vnknowne veines, in the ryghte eare of the hearte.* 1.25 But the arteryes, whiche come to the forsayde skyn and the brest, procede or issue of a braunche that com∣meth from the greate arterye, whiche groweth in the lefte eare of the heart. And euerye arterye brancheth forth vnder the veines, so that euerye member that is nouryshed by veynes, is quickened and kepte by the liuelye spirite of the arteries: whiche procede vniuersally vnder the said veines. And know that all the veines and arteries, which come o∣penly to the nurishinge of the members of the brest, and es∣pecially in the vtter part, procede in their going, according to the length of the ribbes, and of the bones of the brest: ye and so doe also the greate synewes, whiche come to the ma∣king of the muscles of the brest: hauing their beginnyng of Nucha,* 1.26 wythin the spondills of the same. Wherfore it euy∣dentlye appereth, howe and in what maner the apostemes of these places shoulde be cutte, and howe cauteries oughte to be done in the same, when nede requireth.

Therefore as muche as maye be, they oughte to be done in those places, accordinge to the goinge of the rybbes in lengthe: and so shall there no synewe be hurte, nor errore committed. For when incisions and cauteries be thus done accordynge to the lengthe, and that in the vtter moste, low∣est, and moste dependente places: of suche worke I saye, commeth the spediest, shortest, and fairest ende of ••urations. And moste prone, apte, and redy to di∣gestion, mundification, consolidation, de∣siccation. &c. as experience manifesteth.

Notes

• * 1.1

  Clauis, Fur∣cula.
• * 1.2

  Iugulum.
• * 1.3

  〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.
• * 1.4

  i. Os prectoale
• * 1.5

  〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.
• * 1.6

  i. ensiformis, uel in ensis ef∣figiem exiens.
• * 1.7

  〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. enim ensis est.
• * 1.8

  〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. i. pectus, uel Spiritalū•• p••¦••ium domicili∣um & mum∣mentum.
• * 1.9

  〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 est Spinae pa•••• a Ceruice ad cinctū prote••∣sa. metaphreni Vertebrae.
• * 1.10

  〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. i. Vertebra uel secundum Vul¦gos Spondyliū Costae Verae▪ Costae Spuriae▪
• * 1.11

  〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. i. Costa secūdū Aristot. aliis Latus. at 〈◊〉〈◊〉 pro Pleura in∣telligitur mē∣brana Costas succingens.
• * 1.12

  〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. i. laterū dolo••, & cōpunctio, Costalis, at ue¦re Succingēti•• mebra•••• mor∣bus, uel i••••••••∣matio.
• * 1.13

  〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. i. Cor atque 〈…〉〈…〉
• * 1.14

  〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. Tunica Cor contegens.
• * 1.15

  Arteria mag∣na.
• * 1.16

  〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.
• * 1.17

  1. contractio, uel compressio
• * 1.18

  〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. i. dilatatio, de∣stinctio, & in terdum diuisio
• * 1.19

  〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. 1. Pulmo.
• * 1.20

  Mediastinum.
• * 1.21

  〈…〉〈…〉.
• * 1.22

  Arteria as∣pera.
• * 1.23

  〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. Stupor 〈…〉〈…〉.
• * 1.24

  Vena caua.
• * 1.25

  〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.
• * 1.26

  NOTA.