A most excellent and learned vvoorke of chirurgerie, called Chirurgia parua Lanfranci Lanfranke of Mylayne his briefe: reduced from dyuers translations to our vulgar or vsuall frase, and now first published in the Englyshe prynte by Iohn Halle chirurgien. Who hath thervnto necessarily annexed. A table, as wel of the names of diseases and simples with their vertues, as also of all other termes of the arte opened. ... And in the ende a compendious worke of anatomie ... An historiall expostulation also against the beastly abusers, both of chyrurgerie and phisicke in our tyme: with a goodly doctrine, and instruction, necessary to be marked and folowed of all true chirurgie[n]s. All these faithfully gathered, and diligently set forth, by the sayde Iohn Halle.

Of the Cartilage or Gristle. Chapi. ii.

THe seconde of symple members is the Gristle, which the Grekes call Chondron,* 1.1 and the Latines Cartilagi∣nem: and is in hardnes nexte to the bones, (the Ana∣tomie whereof is called in greke Chondrotome:) but they are somewhat flexyble,* 1.2 and colde and drye of complexion, and insensible, as are the bones. And I fynde syxe causes, or commodities whye the grystles were ordayned. The fyrste cause is,* 1.3 that the continuall mouynge of the harde bones in the Junctures mighte not be done without detri∣mente to the lygamentes, yf the grystles or Cartilages were not a meane betwene the sayde lygamentes and the bones. The seconde cause is, that when anye contusion, or

bruse, happeneth in softe members, the sayde delicate mem¦bers are the better defended, from the hard extremities of the bones. The thirde cause is, that in the Joynctes the endes of the bones, (whiche are gristlye) myght more ease∣lye, and with nymblenes be foulded, and freated together, withoute offence or hurte of one towardes another. The fowerth is, that in some places that are meane betwene harde and softe, it is necessarye to sette a gristle, as in the throte boule, or wynde pype, called Arteria aspera: For there it doth howlde and beare off the fleshe, that the passage of the wynde or breathe be not interrupted or let. And also in that place the grystllye substance helpeth muche to the sounde of the voyce. Fyftlie I fynde, that a gristlye sub∣stance is necessarie in the borders of the eyes. Sixtlye, they are behouefull in the nose and eares, for there they do bothe drawe abroade, and susteyne, and beare vp the softe partes: where as otherwyse they woulde nether be forma∣ble, nor yet do theire office, or naturalle operations.

Notes

• * 1.1

  〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. i. Cartilago.
• * 1.2

  〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉
• * 1.3

  The vse of grystles.