The methode of phisicke conteyning the causes, signes, and cures of invvard diseases in mans body from the head to the foote. VVhereunto is added, the forme and rule of making remedies and medicines, which our phisitians commonly vse at this day, with the proportion, quantitie, & names of ech [sic] medicine. By Philip Barrough.

THE METHOD OF PHISICK OF PHILIP BARROVGH CONTEINING THE CAVSES, SIGNES AND Cures of inward diseases in mans body, from the head to the foote. THE FIRST BOOKE. (Book 1)

The first Chapter, Of headache.

GALEN the Prince of Phisitions, affirmeth,* 1.1 that there are onely three sundrie paines in the head: whereof the one is called of the Greekes 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, Cephalalgiae, and of the Latines Capitis dolor, the barba∣rous sort of Phisitions call it Soda. In English it is called commonly [ 1] the headach. The second kind is called of the Greekes 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, and [ 2] in Latine likewise it is called so Cephalaea. In English it may be called a long continuing or inueterate headach. The thirde is called of the [ 3] Greekes, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, Hemicrania also is the Latine name for it. English it is called the migrime. Of the two last kindes shall mention be made hereafter, for now we will entreate of the first kind, declaring onely in this chapter, what it is and what be the generall causes thereof, and then in the chapters next following, shal the signes and cures of ech cause be declared. Vnderstand therefor first,* 1.2 that Cephalgia is no thing else but a labo∣riouse and painefull sense, and feeling newly begonne in the whole head, through some great mutation thereof, this word newly is added to make it differ from Cephalaea, which is an old paine that hath long continued: and the whole head is added to make it differ from Hemicrania, which occupieth but the one half of the head. Note also that by the head we meane so much as is couered with heare, wherin paine is engendred,* 1.3 sometime without the scull and sometime within, sometime in all the outward partes, and sometime in all the in∣ward partes, sometime not in all, but in one parte, as in the Arteries onely, or the vaines, or sinewes, or the filmes, or the skin, or in the braine it selfe, but these differences,* 1.4 as Galen testifieth, be very hard to know. But this may easily be knowen whether the paine be with∣in the scull or without it, if you consider well the headach: for if the paine be extended to the rootes and bottome of the eyes, the paine is within the scull, for vnto the eyes are certain branches deriued from the braine, and from the filmes, and other vessels that are about it: so that the paine will quickly come from them to the rootes of the eyes, but if the paine that is felt, do not extend to the eye rootes, then is the ache without the scull.* 1.5 This paine of the head generally (as also all other paines) is caused of an vnequall distempure comming with humors, or without, especially when it is hote or cold, or it is caused by solution of partes coherent, or of both. But as for particular and speciall causes of the head,* 1.6 there be very many. For sometime it commeth only of a simple distempur without any humours, and sometime it commeth thorough the euill quality of humors, sometime it commeth through

great aboundance of humours, sometime through humoures, that stoppe the passage of the vapoures and moisture in the head: sometime through windines engendred in some parte of the head, being weake. Also sometime headache is caused of some disease in the stom∣acke: sometime of an outward cause as of heate of the Sunne, of great colde, of dronkennes, or of some stripe, or wound. Hereby it appeareth that the headach is engēdred of seuen sun∣drie causes, which are to be knowen by ther proper signes, wherof we will speake more at large in the chapters following, for in this chapter they shalbe but brieflie touched. Note therfor that the headach,* 1.7 which is caused of a simple distēpure without humours, is not easie to be knowen, except a man be well excercised in Phisicke, and by muche and diligent loo∣king of the griefe: but that paine of the head is most vehemēt, which is caused of a simple di∣stempure being hote or colde. The headache, that is caused of drinesse, is moderate. As for a moist distempure alone doeth cause noe headach, except it be ioyned with heate or colde, or with aboundance of humours, or sharpnes of thē. Yf paine of the head doth come through aboundance of humours, contained in one parte of the head, or in two, or in all partes, the paine is more vehement, that commeth of hote humours, or of colde, that which com∣meth of drie thinges is more moderate, yf ther be not manifest heat or colde ioyned with them, as for moyst thinges touching ther qualitie, doe cause noe paine at all, but with ther quātity they maie fill the passages and soe cause paine. If aboundance of all foure humours equaly, or of bloud alone doe cause headache without obstruction and stopping of the pas∣sages, it maketh the head heauie and full, as it were stretched out and swolne, but if the mul∣titude of humours be with obstruction, it causeth moderate paine if the obstruction be but little, but if the obstruction be great, ther shall be very great paine. Also if the multitude of humours haue a sharpe and byting qualitie, according to that qualitie the paine will be pri∣cking and shooting, if with the heauines or stretching of the head therbe beating, and as it were a pulse, it betokeneth inflammacion in the head. But if the stretching be present with∣out heauinesse or pulse, it declareth aboundance of windye Spirits, and in this kind of head∣ach, there wilbe noise in the eares. Those, that haue headach comming of an externall cause, as of heate of the Sunne, cold of the ayre, dronckennesse, stripes, or of any hote sauours, can easily tell them selfes the cause therofe. Seeke for signes more particular in the Cha∣pters next following.

CAP. II. Of headache caused of heat.

VNderstande, that by heat, in this chapter, is ment, a hoate distempure without any kind of humour.* 1.8 It is engendred for the most parte of the burning heat of the Sunne in Sommer, when any body hath taried long in it. Also it is somtime caused of immoderate mouing or by hoate bathes, or by being long nigh the flame of the fier, or through anger, or furiousnes, or last of all through hoate dyseases, or hoate sauours of outward things. The signes which declare headach by burning heate of the Sunne,* 1.9 are that besydes vehement paine, you shall feele their head hoate assone as you touche it, and ther skinne drier then it was wonte to be, ther eyes doe looke redde, and they are delyghted with the sprinckling, or annoynting of colde things, and doe feele great ease by them. As for the other causes, they maie be knowen by relation of the sicke.* 1.10 For the cure of this kinde of headache you must first prouide, that the ayer and the chamber wherin the sicke abydeth,* 1.11 be very cold of nature, or els it must be made so by your diligence, as by strowing in the house, flowers, and braunches of cold thynges (as ro∣ses, violettes, water lillie flowers, and vyne leaues, bryer bowes, willowe and suche lyke.) Also it will coole the ayre well to sprinckle cold water in the house, or to poure it out of one vessell into another.* 1.12 Great respect must be had to his sleeping, for he must sleepe longer then he wonte to doe, he must altogether eschew long watchinge, and keepe him selfe quiet: he must not retaine his excremētes but auoyd them by and by after sleepe if he can, or let natur be helped to expell them by a lenityue clister, for ther retention encrease paine in the head.

Let him eschewe carnall copulation, excercyses, and bathes. Let hym eschewe all pertur∣bations of the minde, especially anger and furye. Let him haue but little meate,* 1.13 of good di∣gestion, and let it be colde in operatiō, as is bread dipped in cold water, iuice of plysan, letuse, endiue, purselaine, fleshe of chickens, hennes or pigeons, with veriuyce made of grapes. Fyshes are good that come out of stony riuers, and that are tender. Also almōd milke, pome∣garnettes, raisons and rype peares may be gyuen to him. He must abstaine from milke, and meates, that fume into the head, or that be hard of digestion. For his drinke,* 1.14 let hym vse water altogether, if his stomacke will beare it, if not, seathe a litle Cynamon in it, or Coriander sead preparate, or mixe with the water iuyce of sower pomegarnettes, or syrupe of Endyue, or Syrupus acetosus simplex, or oxy saccharum: or yf they cannot abide that, you may giue them small wyne well alayed with water. The payne of the head caused of heat, is cured with such thinges as doe coole, without manifest restriction,* 1.15 espe∣ciallie yf they be of thinne and percing substance. Therefore in the beginning nothing is better then to poure vpon the head good oyle of roses, made of vnrype oyle,* 1.16 and yf a little vineger be added to it, it will pearce the faster and the deeper. The places that you must poure or annoynt it on, is the fore part of the head wher the seame goeth ouerthwart, for it is the thinnest place of the skull, and the seames haue pores in them, also you must vse it on the toppe of the forhead, wher the heare leaueth growing, and on the sydes of the temples, where the heare groweth towardes the eares. The best thinge next oyle of roses is oyle of cammomill to be vsed in likewyse, especially in those bodyes,* 1.17 that we would not coole to muche, as weomens, eunuches, children and other that haue softe fleshe, and are whyte in colour. If there be need of greater cooling, you may adde to the oyle of roses iuyce of hou∣selike, or purselaine, or knotgrasse, or of vnrype grapes, or night shade, or sorrell, or psillium, or suche lyke. Vse not iuyce of poppye, or of mandrage in this cause, for they doe hurte: you maye make medicynes of the former thinges, or suche lyke in this sorte. ℞. oyle of roses. ℥.ij. rosewater. ℥.j. strong vineger. ℥.ss. or iuyce of houselike, or purselaine, or lettuse. ℥.j. and so commixt them. Or thus, ℞ distilled water of houselyke, lettuse, and night shade. ana. ℥.ij. water of cammomill. ℥.j.ss. vineger. ℥.j. commixt them, and dippe a clothe in it, and laye it all ouer the forhead, and the temples where the heare groweth not. But let not this medicyne touche the hynder parte of the head, for that parte cannot suffer cooling without hurte, because the marrowe of the back bone beginneth there. Those medicines which you will vse for cooling, especially in Sommer, must stand a whyle in very cold water. This alsoe is good for aboundaunce or humours, and vapoures, that be lifted vp into the head. In like māner also you may vse other oyles that haue vertue to coole as oyles of quinces, violettes, water lillies, and gourdes. Nether will it be vnprofitable to vse a liniment made in this sorte. ℞. Of the mucilage of the seades of quinces,* 1.18 and great mal∣lowes, or of psillium. ana. ʒ.iij. iuyce of purslaine. ʒ.j.ss. iuyce of night shade. ʒ.ss. Oyle of ro∣ses. ℥.j. commixt them and make a linimēt: or by putting to waxe and other medicines make an oyntment in this sort. ℞. Vnguentipopuleon. ʒ.j. oiles of violettes and roses of eche. ʒ.iij. drie flowers of whyte water lillies and of redd roses. ana. ℈.j. waxe as muche as is sufficient,* 1.19 and make an ointment, and annoynt it vpon the forhead and the temples. Yt profitteth also to vse embrocations (that is decoctions made of certaine things to poure vpon anye mem∣ber by litle and litle, or to let it droppe downe) they maie be made of roses, violettes,* 1.20 * 1.21 floures of water lillies, willowe leaues, vyne leaues, purcelaine, barley and such lyke. You must not applye stupefactiue thinges to the greefe, because they coole not without hurt, and therfore opin, iuyce of poppye, and mandragora are to be eschewed. Iuyce of night shade also be∣cause of his stupefaction is not to be vsed at all, or very litle of it at once, as we doe vse in the liniment afore sayd. Also those thinges, that haue manifest astriction and binding with ther cooling are to be refused, except necessitie require it, and therfor the iuices of sweete pom∣garnettes, quinces, and meddlars are to be auoyded, but iuice of sower pomgarnettes is good because it cooleth more.* 1.22 Hytherto we haue declared what medicines are to be vsed in the beginning of this greefe. Afterward you may vse to mixe with the medicynes that doe coole and dryue backe, suche thinges as doe mitygate and digest. Make therefore an em∣brocation after this sorte. ℞. Floures of roses and violettes. ana. M.ss. leaues of willowe,* 1.23

cammomil, and melilote. ana. M.j. seades of mallowes. ʒ.iij. barley husked. ℥.j. seeth these in two pound of water, till the thyrde parte be consumed, and make an embrocation. Or thus, ℞. mallowe leaues,* 1.24 vyolets, roses. ana. pug. ss. the floures of water lillies. ʒ.iij. vyne leaues, or the wreathes, that they wind about things which all, purcelaine, or houselyke of eche. M.j. cammomil, melilote, and fenngreke. ana. ʒ.ij. seath them as ys aboue sayd, and make an em∣brocha, adding to a litle vineger, especiallie if the paine be within the skull. Last of all you maie vse most of the discussiue medicines, withdrawing the aforsaid repelling things, suche be Althaea, dill, sothernwood, butter, cammomill, barley meale, fenngreke, lynesead, lupi∣nes. &c. Of these and suche lyke things you maie make quiltes, or embrocations, or oynt∣mentes,* 1.25 as you liste. For inward medicines (especially if the headach be caused of excercyse, anger or suche lyke) minister nilep of violetts or roses, or ther conserues, or manus Christi, or giue the sicke ij. or .iij. houres before meate in the morning. ℥.j. and ss. of syrupe of infu∣sion of roses,* 1.26 or of syrupe of water lillies with. ℥.ij. or .iij. of water of borage, or cichorye. Yt is good for the sicke to smell rose water, mixed with a little vineger, also it is good to snuffe it vp in to the nose.

CAP. III. Of headache caused of colde.

BY colde is ment in this Chapter, a cold distempure simplie without the fluxe of any cold humour.* 1.27 This paine in the head is caused of outward cold as when the ayer is very cold, especially when any body tarrieth in it long time bare headed, as alsoe it maie be caused by the sodaine applying of any cold thing to the head.* 1.28 The signes of headache caused or colde, are contrary to those signes that are caused of hote distempure. For in this, though the paine be vehement, yet the head when it is felt, is not hoate, nor the face and eyes doe not loke redde, nor ther face is not drye and shruncke but contrarywyse full and pale,* 1.29 and ther eyes are swollen and swart. Also they neither desire cold things, nor doe feele ease by them. Concerning the diett of those, that haue this kind of headache, they must eschewe cold ayer, and abide alltogether in hote ayer. They must sleepe moderately, but not longer then they were wonte. They must vse mouing of the whole body, especially walking and ryding. Let ther bodies be soluble, rather then costiue, so that they may eche day haue a siege either by nature, or by arte, as by a suppositary or a clister. Let them eschew saddnes, and deepe cogitations, and other immoderat affections of the minde. Let them eschewe all meates and drinkes that be cold in operation as milke, fishe and suche lyke. Let them eate reare egges, and fleshe of hennes, chicken, partriche, and feasaunts and suche like. For ther drincke let him vse wine that is thinne of substaunce, for that doth moderatlie extenuate and heate. For the same cause also hote bathes are to be vsed, and generally for the cure hereof you must vse things that be hote in operatiō.* 1.30 But yet in applying medicines to the head you must diligently consider the naturall temperature of the braine, for it is such a thing, as cannot suffer medicines vehement hote, nor it vehement colde. Therfor (as Galen affirmeth) if oyle of rewe be poured hote vpon the fore parte of the head, it healeth the pa∣tient perfittlie. But if ther be neede of greater heating, you maie put pepper, or euphorbium into the oyle, or you may mixe some oyle of pepper, or oyle of euphorbium with the oyle of rewe, or in steede of oyle of rewe, you maie vse oyles of laurell, yreos, dill, or cammomill, of spikenarde, serpillum, marioram, and such lyke. Herewith you maie annoynt the forhead also, and the nosthriles and the holes of the eares. Of the afore said medicines you may make an ointment after this sorte.* 1.31 ℞. Oyles of yreos, and rewe. ana. ℥.ss. mariorame, betony, pep∣per. ana. ℈.j. of Euphorbium. gra. v. waxe as muche as is sufficient, and make an oyntement, and annoynt therwith the forehead,* 1.32 and the nosethrills. Or make an ointement thus. ℞. of oyle of rewe, cammomill, and nardinum. ana. ℥.j. hysope, lauender, and flowers of staechas. ana. ʒ.ss. masticke and frankensence of eche. ʒ.j. waxe a litle, and make an oyntment. You may sometime adde to it,* 1.33 if you will, Castoreum. ℈.j. Also embrocations profit muche,

if they be made of flowers, of melitote, and cammomil, marioram, origan, betony, sage, laurell leaues, staechas, and suche lyke, sodden in water. It is good for the sicke to drawe vp the vapours of suche decoctions by his nosethrills. Alsoe a quilt made in this sorte profi∣teth much. ℞. leaues of laurell, serpillum, and marioram. ana. M.ss. floures of rosemary. M.j. Rew. M.ss. cloues & staechas. ana. ʒ.j. peniroyall and calamint. ana. ʒ.j.ss. beate these to pow∣der▪ and sew them in silke, or fine linnen clothe, and make a quilte,* 1.34 which must be laid to the head warme, and first sprinckled with vineger. It is good also to vse a pomander,* 1.35 made in this sorte. ℞. of storax calamitae. ʒ.ij. cloues, maces, wood of aloes. ana. ʒ.ss. lauender. ʒ.ij. gallia moschata. ʒ.j.ss. of musk and amber. ana. gra. iij. pouder them and serce them, and with water of marioram, and storax liquida, as much as shall suffise, make pomanders.

CAP. IIII. Of headache caused by drynes or moisture.

BY drynes is ment in this place a drie distempure of the qualitie alone, and by moisture, a moist distempure of the bare qualitie. Nether of these qualities alone, except heat or colde be ioyned with them, doe cause any headache at all (as Galen teacheth in the 5. Chap. of his first booke de symptomatum cau∣sis.) Therfore we doe not make mention here of these distempures, as though headach might be caused of them alone, but that the studious in phisick might haue store of medicines, when headache cometh of heat and drines, or moisture with heat, or when cold mixed with drynes, or moisture causeth headache.* 1.36 Headache through drynes is caused through drines of the ayer, or by drye medicines, by honger, excercyse, lechery and perturbatiōs of the mind. And headach of moisture is caused by moistnes of the aire, or by moistening medicines, by bathes, hote waters, and other thinges that moisten ouer∣much. Drynes is knowen by these signes, if ther come fewe excrementes,* 1.37 or none at all out of the nose, if the eyes be hollowe, and the patient haue watched muche before. These be signes of headache of drynes, also in it the skinne of the head is dryer when it is felt, then it is wonted to be, and some drye diet hath ben vsed. Alsoe in this kind dry medicines doe not ease the paine, but rather encrease it. Moistnes is knowen by these signes, muche filth cometh out at the nose, the eyes be puffed vp and swolne, and the patient sleapeth muche: but of this distempure alone ther doeth noe headache ensue.* 1.38 Those that haue headache caused of drynes, let them remaine in a moist ayer, and let them eat meates, that doe moi∣stē, and that be of good iuice, as the yolkes of egges, cockes stones, and the brothes of them, phesants, partriche, and suche like thinges, that doe nourishe muche and moisten. Let them drinke thinne wine alayed with water. Let them sleepe largely. Let them eschewe motion of the body and excercyse, and vse quyetnes and reste. Let them eschewe carnall copula∣tion, hunger, thirst, and all thinges that doe drye. Let hem vse bathes of sweete waters that are warme. Let them be mery, and eschewe all other perturbations of the mind. If headache be caused of moisture, you must vse the contrary diet to this that is before praescribed (that is, al suche thinges as doe drye, which you may easily knowe by that, which hathe beene said before.) For paine of the head caused of drynes,* 1.39 you must annoint the former seame of the head with oyle of sweete almondes, or with oyle of gourdes, or with oyles of vyolettes, and cammomill mixed together. It is alsoe good to droppe some of these oyles into the nose∣thrills. You may alsoe mixe very well with the said oyles goose grease, hennes grease, cal∣ues grease, or fresh butter after this sorte. ℞. oyles of vyolets, and water lillies of eche. ʒ.iij. calues suit, hennes grease,* 1.40 and freshe butter. ana. ʒ.ij. commixe them and make a linymēt and ther with annoynt the head. Furthermore embrocations profit not a litle, yf they be made of vyolettes, mallowes, and other herbes that haue vertue to moisten. Against head∣ache caused of moisture you must vse medicines cleane contrary to the afore named, which must differ according to the heat or colde whiche is ioyned to the moysture. You maye find sufficient store of suche remedies out of the former chapters.

CAP. V. Of headache caused of bloud.

HITHERTO we haue spoken of the Cure of headache, with cometh through alteration and distempure of the bare qualitie. But nowe we will speake of that which is caused of fullnes,* 1.41 and aboundance of bloud, we call plenitude in this place that which the Greeks call in ther tongue plethora, it chaunceth when all the foure humours be encreased in ther proportion, or when bloud alone doth abound.* 1.42 This kind of headache is caused of all suche things as do engendre great aboundance of humours in the bodye, as meates and drinckes of great nou∣rishment being plentifully taken, as also the neglecting and omitting of excercyses, bathes, sweetings, and other naturall and artificiall vacuations be causes of the said plenitude. The signes be these.* 1.43 The face and the eyes be ruddie, the vaines are swolne, so that the least, and small est maye easily be seene, the pulse is great and vehemēt, the vrine reddishe and thicke, the vaines of the temples beate,* 1.44 the paine in the head is a heauines. Concerning diet, let the sicke be in a cold and dry ayer. Let him eschew fleshe, reare egges, and suche things as nourishe plentifully. Let him vse ptisan made of Barlie, or alica made of barley, let him vse cold herbes, as endyue, scarioll, purcelaine, lettuce and such lyke. Let him eschewe wyne, and let him drinke water, wherin a litle Cinnamon or barley hath been sodden. Let him vse meane excercyse. Let him be rubbed, let him also vse bathing often, but so that his body be first emptied and the patient free from a feuer. Let his sleepe be meane. Let him be mery and ioyfull,* 1.45 and let him abstaine from all other perturbations of the mind. The cure must be begonn whith bloudlettinge assone as can be. You must open the vttermost vaine, which in the arme is called humeralis,* 1.46 or Cephalica, it must be on the arme whiche is of that side, that the greefe is most vehemēt. For this vaine is so annexed to the head, that not only by it, you shall pull backe bloud into a contrary parte, but also you shall emptye out that bloud by it. As Hippocrates, and after him Galien, and Rhases doe teache. But if age or weaknes doe prohibyte bloudletting,* 1.47 you must vse boxing, not to the head it selfe, but to the partes adioyning as the shoulders and breast, to the intent to pull backe the bloud. These being done, you must apply to the head, medicines that be cold and astringent, whereof we haue made mention before sufficiently in the second chapitre, so that they need not here to be repeated. Furthermore the Phisition must haue speciall regard in this case, that the patient be kept soluble.* 1.48 Therfore if the patient be any thing costyue, you may minister this deco∣ction or some suche lyke. ℞. floures of buglosse, borage, roses, and violettes. ana. M.ss. the foure great cold seades husked. ana. ʒ.ij. sebesten, damaske, proines, of eche in number 12. great raisons, tamarindes. ana. ℥.j. barkes of mirabolanes, citrinorum, indorum, chebulorum, emblicorum, belliricorum. ana. ʒ.iij. liquoryce. ℥.j. fumitory, maiden heare. ana. M.j. tama∣riscus, hartistonge. ana. ʒ.iij. sene, and polipodie of eche. ℥.ss. agarick chosen. ʒ.ij.ss. ginger. ʒ.ss. Seathe all these in a sufficient quantity of water, vntill halfe be consumed, then strayne it and presse it hard. Adde to that decoction suger sufficient to make it sweete, purifie it whith the white of egges, and make a potion, whereof the patient shall drincke eche mor∣ning. ℥.iiij. fasting. And if soe be that the pacientes costyuenes require a stronger medi∣cine, then you may adde to foure ounces of the afore sayd decoction. ʒ.j.ss. of fine reubarbe beaten to pouder, and spycknard. ʒ.ss. or you maye dissolue in it casia fistula. ℥.j.ss. newly drawen. or. ℥.j. of manna, or of diaphenicon. ʒ.iij. for the same purpose alsoe it is good to minister vnto the patient syrupe of vyolettes, and acetosus simplex. After this you must applie suche medicines to the head, as be able to disperse the remnaunt of the paine and disease. As is seades of mallowes,* 1.49 fenngreke, chammomil, and melilote flowers. Also oyles of cam∣momill, dill, and suche lyke, wherof the Phisition may at his choise make lynementes, oynt∣ments, or emplaisters in māner aforesaid. Note here further that if muche bloud aboūd after you haue let bloud of the Cephalica: you maie alsoe stryke the vaine in the forhead, as alsoe for that purpose it is good to vse clysters sometime very stronge, and you maye vse frictions and bindinges of the nether partes to pull backe the humours. Moreouer gargarysing, and

snesing maye be vsed in time conuenient, and boxing in the hinder parte of the head with scarification at the discretion of the Phisition, as occasion and time shall serue.

CAP. VI. Of headache caused of choler.

HEADACHE comming of cholerike humours is caused of all such things as do heat and dry the whole body and especially the head vnnaturally, that is,* 1.50 such things as do engender choller: (to witte, care, angre, paine, labour, excercise, watching, abstinence, famine, and eating of meates that be cholericke, as gar∣licke, oynions, and such like.) The signes be these the paine is like thers,* 1.51 that haue headach caused of burning heat of the Sūne, but they haue a more sharp and pricking paine, there head is moderately hote, there face is pale and wane. Sometime there followeth bitternesse of the mouth, drines of the eyes, nose and toung. Moreouer this euill chaunceth most of all to flourishing years, a hote complexion, and to them that take ouermuch businesse in hand and such lyke. Let the patient abide in a colde and moist aire,* 1.52 which may be the rather procured by arte as is taught before in the second chap. by sprink∣ling the floure of the chamber continually with water, or by strewing about of floures and branches that are cold and moist in operation. Let his whole dyet be moist, let him eat moist meats that be of good iuice, geue him lettuce, and purcelain, and small fishes of fresh waters. Let his drinke be water alone, or water wherin a little Cynamon hath been sodden. Let him alltogether absteine from wine. Let him be quyete, and vse long sleepes: bathes that be temperate, vnctions are good for him, let him be mery, and refraine frō all perturbatiōs of the mind. The cure must be begunne with purging of the cholerick humour straigt way,* 1.53 because choler is thinne and moueable, and therefore will easily purge out. But if it chaunce, that the cholerick humour doth rest quyetly in some part of the bodie, and so dothe waxe hote, and burn that parte, and by that meanes doth prohibite hote medicins (as purging things be) thē before the purgatiō, you must minister such things as doe quenche & concoct the heate and burning of choler, that is such thinges as doe alter it. For digestiō that we speak of now is no thing els but an alteration of the humour that causeth the disease. Therefor such medicines must be ministred eche morning fasting before you do purge vntill good cōcoctiō appear in the vrine: For by this meanes choler being cōcoct, & as it were tamed & made myld is made so obediēt vnto nature, that it will soone without any greefe be drawen of the purging me∣decin to cōueniēt places, that it should auoid by.* 1.54 You shall therfor for a preparatiue vse this or such like medicines. ℞. Syrupe of Violettes. ℥.j. syrupe of water Lillies. ℥.ss. distil∣led waters of Endyue, succory and Roses. ana. ℥.j. commixe them, and let that be dronke in the morning fasting. For this purpose also you may minister Iulep of Roses and Violettes, or Syrupus acetosus, or the decoction of seades of Cucumbers, Gourdes, Purcelayne, En∣dyue, rootes also of Endyue and Succorye, Roses, Violettes, water Lillies, Lettuce, Damaske, Proynes, Sebesten, Iniubes and suche like.* 1.55 You may purge the cholerike humour either by infusion of wormewood, or of Aloes, or with Hierapicra ministred alone, or a litle scāmony mixed with it, or with Pilles made of Aloes. Or you shall not doe amisse to take of the pur∣ging decoction prescribed in the former chapter. ℥.iiij. and to dissolue therein. ʒ.iij. of Ele∣ctuarium de succo Rosarum, or as muche of Electuarium de Psillio, and so minister it. It is good also to minister infusion of rewbarbe made after this sort.* 1.56 ℞. fyne Rewbarbe. ʒ.ij. Spicke∣nard. ℈.j. cut them small, and infuse them in distilled waters of endyue, doddir, and buglosse. ana. ℥.j. pure wine. ℥.ss. the space of 12 houres, then straine it hard, and put thereto of Elec∣tuaries de succo Rosarum and Psillio. ana. ʒ.j.ss. commixe them and make a purging potion. Also you may vse Pilula aurea, and Alephanginae, or Pilles of Rewbarbe, or of Hiera simplex and such like, or els Diacatholicon, or Diaprunes solutine. For them that are delicate, you may vse this bole. ℞. of Diagridium. ℈.ss. of Maces, Cynnamon,* 1.57 and Masticke. ana. gr. 2. con∣serue of Violettes and water Lillies. ana. ʒ.j. Suger as muche as sufficeth, and make a bole. Further it profiteth nowe and then to vse clysters made in this or lyke sort. ℞. Mallowes,* 1.58

Althea, Endyue, Succorye, Violettes, ana. M.ss. whole Barley. ℥.j. the four common small cold seades (that is) Lettuce, Purcelayne, Endyue, and Scaryoll. ana. ʒ.iij. Seath all these in running water to the thirde part, straine them, take of that decoction. lb.j. of the pulpe of Cassia fistula. ℥.j. of Hierapicra. ℥.ss. of oyle of Violettes. ℥.iij. of mel rosarum. ℥.j. of salt. ʒ.j.ss. commixt all together and make a clister.* 1.59 After purging of the cholerike humour you must apply medicines outwardlie, which can coole and strengthen the head, whereof you shall find store in the second chapitre.* 1.60 Yf the sicke can not sleepe, anoint the fore part of the head with oyle of water lillies, and oyle of poppye: to them you may for a neede adde a little opium, that slepe thereby may be prouoked. Note, that boxing without scarification and frictions of the armes and legges maye be well vsed in times conuenient.

CAP. VII. Of headache caused of fleume.

* 1.61HEADACHE comming of fleume, is caused of all suche thinges as engendre fleume in the head, as a cold and moist ayre, meates, that be colde and moist, as fyshes, milke, rawe herbes, fruite, idlenes, and sleeping vpon a full stomake and such otherlyke.* 1.62 The signes hereof be fullnes and heauynes of the head, whitenes, and moistnes of the face, moreouer the sicke will easily fall asleepe, he is slowe, his sences are dull, and his head aboundeth whith excrementes, as alsoe the signes declared in the .3. Chap. agree with this kind of headache.* 1.63 Let the sicke remaine in an ayer that is hote and drye by nature, or if that cannot be had, let the ayer be made suche by certaine odoriferous thinges, as with Cynamon, frankinscence, cloues, wood of Aloes, and suche lyke. Let his meate that he eateth for the most parte be rosted, and let him eate spyces with it. For his drinke let him vse thinne and small wyne, let his excercyse be meane, to be shorte, let him vse suche diet as is praescribed in the third chap. of this booke. The Cure must be begonn whith extenuation and digestion of the flegmaticke humour.* 1.64 Therfore you must minister suche medicines as are able to extenuate, make thinne, cut, and deuy de humours, suche be mel rosarum, oximel simplex and compositum and scilliticum, sy∣rupe of slechades, distilled waters of hysope, betony, mariorame, sage and such like, mini∣ster therfore vnto him a medicine made on this sorte.* 1.65 ℞. Of oximel scylliticum. ℥.j. of syrupe of sleehades. ℥.ss. of distilled waters of hysope, percely and marioram. ana. ℥.j. commixe them and make a potion. Or if the vseing of syrupes and distilled waters doe not lyke you, you may minister this or suche lyke decoction.* 1.66 ℞. of the rootes of fenell, percely, and aspara∣gus. ana. ℥.j. rootes of piony. ʒ.ij. seades of annise, fennell, siler mōtanum. ana. ʒ.iij. stichados, origan, serpillū, maioram, calamint, betony, sage. ana. M.ss. fyne Cynamon, macis. ana. ʒ.j.ss. Seathe all these in sufficient quantity of water vntill halfe be consumed, then straine it, and adde sugar sufficient to make it sweet, clarify it with the whytes of egges, then put thertoe syrupe of hysope, and oximel simplex. ana. ℥.iij. commixte them all together and make a poi••on. When the humours are extenuate, and made thinne and prepared to be purged, then must suche medicines be ministred,* 1.67 as are able to purge fleume, for the which cause let the sicke haue these pilles ministred vnto him.* 1.68 ℞. pilularum co••luarum. ʒ.j.ss. pilularum è hiera composita. ʒ.j. pil. alephanginarum. ʒ.ss. agarike made into trochistes. ℈.ij. Mirabonalo∣rum, chebulorum. ℈.j. fyne turbith. ℈.ss. stichados and ginger. ana. gr. v. mastycke. gr. vij. seades of piony in number .iij. Castorei. g.iiij. with lauender water make pilles. It is good for them, that are thus affected to be purged not once only, but twyse or thryse, bycause the grosse and clammy humours will not straight followe a sodaine purgation, but they must be drawen out by litle and litle with often purging. Alsoe clisters are good, not only because they empty out such things as are contained in the intestines, but also for that they pull back suche humours and vapours as ascend to the head.* 1.69 For clysters therfore the decoction be∣fore prescribed is good if you take thereof. ℥.xij. and dissolue therin benedictae laxatinae. ℥.ss. Electuarij indi maioris. ʒ.iij. diaphaenicon. ʒ.ij. mel rosarum. ℥.j. oyles of laurell and rewe. ana. ℥.j.ss. sal. gennie. ʒ.j. commixt them together and make a clister. After the whole

body is purged, you must minister such medicynes as can purge the head, as be Gar∣garyses made in this sorte. ℞ long pepper and nuttmegs. ana. ʒ.ss. sead of stauisacre,* 1.70 pelitory. ana. ℈.ij. mustard seade, origan. ana. ℈.j. beate them to powder, and put therof in a linnen clothe, and chewe it, or with masticke or honye make trochiskes lyke lupines, and let the sicke chewe one of them almost halfe an howre. Alsoe the head may be purged by iuyce of maiorame, blitum, coleworts, and suche lyke. You may also for this purpose minister gagaryses made of the distilled waters of hysope, betony, origan, with hierapicra, and oximel compositum, or in this sorte. ℞. pellitorye,* 1.71 long pepper of eche. ʒ.j.ss. sead of stauisacre. ʒ.ss. maiorā, peniroyall, hysope, origan, betony. ana. M.ss. seath all these in sufficient quantity of water vnto the third parte, straine it and adde to the licour mel rosa∣rum. ℥.j.ss. oximell scilliticum. ℥.ss. cōmixe all and make a gargarise. Also medicines to prouoke sneasing are good in this case.* 1.72 You may make them after this sorte. ℞. maiorā. ʒ.j. nigella. ʒ.ss cloues, white pepper, cubebes. ana. ℈.j. nutmegges, graines, castoreū, heleborus albus. ana. ℈.ss. beate them into very fine pouder, and prouoke, snesing therwith. For them which are riche you may adde muske and amber. ana. g.ij. It profiteth also to hold hote and sweet odours to the nose of the patiēt, or a pomāder artificially made, such a one as we praescribed in the end of the third Chapter. Further you may take nasalia (as they call them) things to put into the nose sharpe at one end and great at the other like a steeple after this sorte. ℞. stauisacre,* 1.73 peli∣tory, and whit pepper. ana. ʒ.ss. nigelle, nutmegges. ana. ℈.ij. heleborus albus. ℈.ss. powder them and with rosin and waxe make nasales. After the purging of the head you maye vse oyntmentes, embrocations, drye quiltes,* 1.74 and suche like other medicines to disperse the rem∣naunt of the humour remaining in the head, wherof ther be examples sufficient in the third Chapter before. You may commodiously minister inwardly cubebes, condite, or diambra, diamoscha, aromaticum rosaceum, diacuminum, dianthos, theriaca, mithridarum, diacorum, conserue of maioram, rosemary, betony, with syrupe of staechados.* 1.75 Or minister these lozen∣ges which are specially good. ℞. pouder of Electuarium de gemmis, dianthos. ana. ℈.j. cubebes, maces of eche. ʒ.ss. woodes of Aloes, cloues, and fennell sead. ana. ℈.ss. fine Cynamon. ℈.ij. staechados. ℈.ss. with suger molten in the distilled waters of piony flowers and lauender make lozenges. And thus muche for the cure of headache caused of flegmaticke humours. But if soe be that headache be caused of a melancholye humour,* 1.76 then you must prescribe suche diet, and vse suche cure as shalbe declared in the chaptre of melancholy, or maddnes. And therfor it should be superfluous to entreate hereofe in this place, repayer therfore for cure of headache comming of melancholy vnto the Chapter in this booke followinge.

CAP. VIII. Of headache caused of windynes.

IF headach be caused of windines,* 1.77 the diet vsed before was such as did engen∣dre wind besydes the nature of the body, and other circunstāces were such as were apte to engēdre wind. The signes be these,* 1.78 if ther be felt discention and stretching in the head without heauines & beating, and if ther be a sound & noyse in the eares, then doth it betoken windynes in the head.* 1.79 The diet of the patient must altogether be suche as doeth not engender windynes. For the cure, if the win∣dynes be not only bredd in the head, but doeth ascend from some parte beneath: first of all you must vse suche medicines, as doe repell and dryue backe, such be vineger, pomgarnet rindes and flowers, wormewood, melilote, mintes, plantaine, walwort, bursa pastoris, nut∣megges, purcelaine, houslike, laurell leaues and such lyke. Which being moderatly vsed a whyle, you must then adde to those repulsyue thinges, some such medicines as doe mitigate concoct and digest, as be fenngreke, lynesead, cammomil, yolkes of egges, saffron, hennes grease, goose grease. &c. Laste of all adde discussyue medicynes oyles of dill, and rewe, barley meale, lupines, lillie rootes, nigella, &c. It is good therfor first of all to empty the bealy with a strong clister, but that must be made of a decoction that doth dissolue windi∣nes, by seathing in water anyse seades, and caraway seades, fennell sead, comyn, dry figges,* 1.80 branne and suche lyke: herein you must dissolue benedicta laxatina. ʒ.iiij. or Electu••trium

••idum in like quantity, or Diaphenicon. ʒ.iiij. or Diacatholicon. or hierepicre. ʒ.vij. Suche kinde of clysters doe not only purge the intestynes, and the partes about the lyuer, but doe alsoe pull back suche thinges as ascend to the head. Afterward you must strengthen the af∣fected member, that it doe engender wind noe more, whither it be the stomake, the lyuer, the splene, the intestynes, or any other member: which being done, if heat abound in the head together with the windines then apply oyle of roses, wich is both repulsiue, digestiue, and discussiue,* 1.81 and add to it vineger which is both repulsyue and discussyue alsoe, and doth extenuate besydes. Alsoe rose water or iuyce of purcelaine, knotgrasse, or nightshade may be vsed & applyed whith a litle vineger. If ther be cold in the head with the wyndines, then vse oyles of cammomill or dill, mixed with a litle vineger, or if the greyse encrease apply the iuyce of rewe with vineger and oyle mixed together, or apply the iuice of the roote of floure de luce whith vinegre, or iuyce of laurell bearyes and rewe mixed with vineger is good to be applied. Likewyse bitter almondes beaten whith vineger and oyle, and applyed to the forhead in a linnen clothe, are very good, when the greyse doth first beginne to encrease. And if you had rather vse drye quiltes, you may make them at the first of milium, roses, wil∣lowe leaues, knotgrasse, nightshade, and purcelaine, and soe apply them to the forhead, and fore part of the head. Afterward you may adde to the afore said maiorame, serpillū, hysope, rewe, tender leaues of laurell, ciperns and such like. It is good also to vse odours and smelles, as Castoreum, muske, amber, and suche like. To prouoke sneasing, and to minister inward∣ly to the sicke is good, eyther Diacuminum, or Dianisum. ʒ.j. or as muche triacle, or Mithrida∣tum proffiteth. But if the wyndines be caused through imbecillitye of some partes of the head it selfe, then you shall not neede to vse repulsyue medicines, but rather concoctiue and discussiue medicines suche as are before declared. As for inwarde medicines they auaile or profit litle in this case.

CAP. IX. Of headache caused of the stomake.

HITHERTO we haue declared the causes, signes, and Cures of headache caused principally in it selfe, nowe it remaineth that we intreate of paine in the head, which cometh by consent. And first of that headache whiche co∣meth through euill affection of the stomacke.* 1.82 And that is caused most com∣mōly when some sharpe humour aboduneth in the stomake especially in the mouthe of it, from whence corrupt vapours arysing doe ascend to the head. It may be knowen by the gnawing and byting paine that they feele which haue that head∣ache,* 1.83 and by the desire to vomit, that the patient hath. Especially if the mouthe of the sto∣make be affected. Moreouer in this kinde of headache, if the sicke faste, and suffer hunger long, the paine is more vehement, for through long abstinence the malyce of the humuor encreaseth.* 1.84 You must Cure those, that are thus grieued, not by applying remedies to the head, but to the humours in the stomake, which rayse vp vapours to trouble the head. Ther∣fore you must with speed purge the noisome humours that are in the mouth of the stomake. They may be purged out by drinking of warme water, if so be the patient can easily vomit, if not, he must thrust his finger or a fether into his throte, and so prouoke the stomake to vo∣mit. Note that yelowe, or pale choler, bycause of his naturall lightnesse, doeth readily as∣cend to the mouth of the stomake. But the humours that be flegmatique, or soure, or salt, doe rather remaine in the middest of the stomake, then in the mouth of it. It is best when suche humours are in the bottome of the stomake, for then they will easily auoyd the stomake and passe into the guttes. It is worst of all when noisome humours doe cleaue soe fast to the fil∣mes and runicles of the stomake, and dothe so furre them, that they can scarcely be scoured out.* 1.85 Therfore if any humour doth furre the tunicles of the stomake, minister Hierapicra, which is a soueraigne medicine therfore. And after purging let the patient haue good meates easy of digestion, and holesome for the stomake. And forasmuche as lacke of good dige∣stion, and weaknes of the mouth of the stomake, be the greatest causes of encrease of noy∣some humours in the Stomake, it must be prouided that good digestion be procured, and

that the mouthe of the stomake may be strengthened by suche medicynes, as be astrictiue, and haue vertue to strengthen. Wherof you shall find plenty herafter in the third Booke, and therfore it were superfluous to recyte them here.* 1.86 As we haue in this Chap. spoken of headache caused of the stomake, and referred the cure to the third booke, so vnderstand lykwyse if headach be caused of the disease of the lyuer or splene, or any other membre: for the affectes of those membres being cured ceaseth the headache.

CAP. X. Of headache caused by dronkennesse.

THE causes and signes of dronkennesse are euident inough, chiefly hote wynes,* 1.87 and strong drinckes are causes therof, for that they fill the braine with va∣pours, and that so much the more (as Galen said) if the braine be hote by na∣ture, sometime also hote humours ascending to the head doe cause dronken∣nes. The cure of dronkennes generally consisteth in two pointes: that is,* 1.88 in euacuation, and refrigeration. Therfore if the wyne be yet vndigest, and doe flowe in the stomake, cause him that hath the headache to vomite by drinking of hote water.* 1.89 But and if the headach doe remaine after digestion, you must vse medicynes, that doe refrigerate, and dryue back vapours which ascend to the head. As is oyle of roses alone, or mixed with vi∣neger, or with iuyce of iuyce, or colewortes. Also the leaues of Colewortes steyped in war∣me water, and bound about the head doe naturally resiste dronkennes. Moreouer the brothe of Colewortes being eaten, is good for that purpose.* 1.90 To preserue one from dronkennes (as Aetius saith) let him eate v. or vij. bitter almondes fasting, or let him drinke wormewood wyne first of all. But to take awaye drunkennes, that is present, giue the decoction of cento∣ry the lesse, to drink, or hartes horne, or the seade of veruaine boiled in water. You must haue a speciall regard and procure that the patient doe sleepe, and rest, which being done all day at night bathe him in a bathe of sweete water, and when thou hast washed him, let him eate meates of good iuyce, but not ouer hote. Let therfore his food be ptisan brothe,* 1.91 souppings made of alica, bread dipped in water, reare egges and suche like. For pot hearbes lettuce is of good iuyce and cooleth, and colewortes drieth vp vapours. For drinke let him vse water only, if he hath been accustomed thertoe, and can well bear it, otherwyse giue him small drinke, or a litle small whit wine. After his meate giue vnto him of a pomegarnet, or a peare, or a quince, or raisons. To conclud let all his diet be meates of good iuice, pleasaunt to the stomake, and that dryue away vapours. Let him abstaine from dates, for ther property is to cause headache. And if it chaunce that of the vapours and humours ascending to the head,* 1.92 ther remaine parte of them impact and stuffed in the thinne pores, and so doe cause head∣ach after two or three dayes: then leaue oyle of roses, and vse first in stead of it oyle of cāmo∣mill moderatelye warme. Afterward apply oyle of yreos. After that if nead require,* 1.93 you may apply thinges, that heate more, cōmixing with the oyle of ireos, oyle of narde, or oleum costinum: or other oyles and ointmentes of that sorte.

CAP XI. Of headache caused by feuers.

IF headach doe molest those that haue a feuer: you must diligently examyne and consyder, whyther the same began at the firste beginning of the feauer,* 1.94 or whither it sprong the feauer encresing, for if the headache began not with the first fit of the feauer, but afterward▪ whyle the feauer encreased, and came nighe to the Crisis: then seeke not to remedy it, for it portendeth and for∣telleth that vomit, or a decretory fluxe of bloud at the nose will followe shortly, as Hippo∣crates declareth in his booke of predictions, and Gale•• in his third booke De Crisibus, and in his first booke ad Glauconem Cap. vltimo: yf the headach begon at the first whith the feauer, it

cometh of vapours or humours dispersed abroad through the greatnes of the feuer, and as it were boyling hote eleuate vp to the head and partly also through weaknes of the braine. Therfore if the paine doe come of aboundāce of humours,* 1.95 you must let him bloud after the first or second fit (if nothing prohibite it) especiallye in lusty bodyes, and in suche as aboūd with bloud. Alsoe you must drawe the humours a contrary waye, and pull them backe by sharpe clysters, suche as shalbe prescribed in the Chap. of Apoplexia, and by often binding and much frication in the neither partes. Moreouer you may set cupping glasses to the hin∣der parte of the head, or to the necke. You must applye to the head irrigations and oynt∣mentes, that haue vertue to repell and dryue backe from it, and afterward you must vse dis∣cussiue medicines, last of all such thinges as doe strengthen the braine. To repell and dryue backe, vse oyle of roses, and other suche like as are rehersed before in the 2. Chap. vse them in Sommer time, and in hote complexions, cold and mixed with a litle vinegre, but in win∣ter season, and in cold complexions apply them bloud warme. Yf the feuer be vehement, and ouer much watching doe trouble the sicke, vse irrigations made of poppy heades, hou∣sleeke and such like medicines as haue vertue to coole and prouoke sleepe in this sorte. ℞. flowers of violettes,* 1.96 water lillies, and roses. ana. M.j. hulled barley. ℥.j. heads of poppy. ℥.ss. housleeke. M.ss. seath all these in sufficient quantity of water, vntill the third part be con∣sumed, and make an embrocation. Or if the paine continew vehement, take greane leaues of henbane, or poppie, with oyle of roses, a litle vineger and crommes of bread, commixe them and apply them to the forepart of the head, and to the forehead. When the braine is sufficiently cooled,* 1.97 then apply those thinges which can heat the head againe, and so auoid and disperse the humours that remaine. And therfore you may vse oyles of cammomill, dill, or ireos, or decoctions of cammomill, or Althea, or suche like. And if the humours be grosse, and tough, you may boyle with thaforsaid thinges: Serpillum, penyroiall, calamint, mintes, or such like. Last of all the head must be strengthened by oyle of roses, and such like (that is) betony, cammomill, melilote, &c. The rest of the cure of headach caused through the vehemency of the feuer, is to be sought out in the treatise of feuers.

CAP. XII. Of inueterate headache.

CEPHALAEA both in Greeke and Latine is the name of headache which is exceeding painfull,* 1.98 continuing long, and harde to cease, which vpon light occasions hath very great and sharpe fittes, so that the patient can nether abyde noise, nor loud speache, nor cleare light, nor drinking of wyne, nor sa∣uours that fill the braine, nor mouing, but he desireth for the greatnes of the paine to sit or lye quyet in the darke, supposing that his head were stroken with a hammer. Alsoe some of them doe feele those thinges, that are about ther head as though they were bruised or racked. In many the paine procedeth vnto the rootes of the eyes. This disease sometime doeth continew painfull alwayes, sometime it hath fittes and intermissions eyther ordinate or inordinate. For in some ther is intermissiō in the fittes, as is in the falling sicknes, so that for a time they seeme to be perfitelye hole. This disease doth vexe women more then men, for bicause of ther long heare. In some of them the filmes that couer the braine are pained, but in some only the filme that couereth the skul is greaued. It is caused of aboundance of bloud and other humours,* 1.99 or by the sharpnes of humours or va∣pours contained within or without the skull, and inflaming the head, or it is caused through weaknes of the head. The paine that inuadeth the sicke with graulty and heauines, decla∣reth plenitude and aboundance of humours:* 1.100 if it come with pricking, gnawing and shoo∣ting, it betokeneth sharpnes of humours or vapours▪ if it beate like the pulses, it betokeneth inflammacion: yf ther be felt distension and bo••n••ng in the head without heauines or bea∣ting it declareth windines. But if ther be beating with it, ther is inflammacion in the filmes of the head: and if ther be heauines with the distension, then it declareth aboundance of humours within the filmes. And if the paine be felt superficially, as it were outward, then it

betokeneth that the filme which couereth the skull is greaued. But if it be felt deepe within, the filmes of the braine are vexed. Note that those, that haue paine within the skull,* 1.101 they feele griefe at the rootes of ther eyes, because that the tunicles of the eyes haue ther begin∣ning of the filmes of the braine. And if so be that a putrified humour in the head doe waxe hoter and hoter, then ther is a feuer ioyned with the headache. They also are vexed with a feuer, which haue headach caused by inflammation. As for diet to be vsed in this griefe,* 1.102 you may easily prescribe it out of the former Chapters, according to the diuersitye of the causes therofe: and therfore I omit it here willingly lest I should vse a fond repetition of one thing often. The Cure doth differ according to the diuersity of the cause.* 1.103 For if you find aboun∣daunce of humours or vapours to be the cause, if it be engendred of plenitude of the whole body, you must beginn with euacuation of the whole bodye.* 1.104 And therfore you must let him bloud on the Caephalica on the same side, if his strength will suffer it, and noe other thing let it. But if the head doth receiue the humors and vapours that do ascend, for that it is weake: then you must pull back the matter into the whole body, and so remedy the parte affected. Therefor you must vse very sharpe Clisters, and bindinges of the armes & legges,* 1.105 and many frictions of the nether partes, and sometime also in this case you may let bloud in the arme. And if after that bloud doe seeme still to abound, you maie open a vaine in the nosethrills, and drawe bloud from thence, as much as shalbe requisite. Shortly after you must purge the bodie with Hierapicra, or other things that are praescribed in the former Chapters. After purging of the whole bodie, you maie safely come to purging of the head, and in the end vse medicines to strengthen it. The head is to be purged with Gargarismes,* 1.106 and with medicines put into the nose, as iuyce of leekes or of Cyclaminus, or such lyke which be re∣hersed before in the .vij. Chapter. To the head it selfe you must first apply thinges, that doe repell and dryue back, (such be) oyle made of vnrype olyues, and oyle of roses alone, or applyed with vineger, also oyle made of poppie heads and of iuye bearyes, and of grene mintes, and such like, whereof we haue spoken before. But note,* 1.107 if the humours that abound in the head be cold and crude, then applie the former medicines warme, but if the humours abounding be hote and cholericke, then applie those medicines cold. Afterward you must apply those medicines that doe discusse and disperse humours, as be oyles of cam∣momill and dill, and suche like before rehersed, but if the humours abounding be thicke and tough, boyle serpillum, or peniroyall, or calamint, or mintes in oyle, and thou shalt extenuate them by applying thereof. Besydes these things doe strengthen the parte affected, and therfore they are to be vsed vntill the cure be finished.* 1.108 Aboue all other things veruaine doth disperse humours, & mightely corroborate the head, especially being greene. Also being dry, and boiled in ale, rootes and all together, with serpillum, it doth the like, if the head be annointed therwith. Moreouer if you boyle veruaine alone in oile, & do sprinkle the head therwith, it helpeth all paine of the head of long cōtinuance, if it were cau∣sed of colde, or of grosse & viscous humours (as Galen witnesseth. Lib. 2. de comp. medicam. secundū Locos. Also for the same it profiteth much to vse oyle, wherin sowes, called in Latin Millipede be boyled. And thus much of the cure of Caephalea comming of plenitude. As for the cure therof comming of other causes, you may gather it out of the former Chapters.

CAP. XIII. Of the Migrime.

HEMICRANIA is a painefull euill remaining in the one halfe of the head, either on the right halfe or on the left, and is distinguished by the seame that runneth along in the skull, from the midde forehead to the hinder parte of the head, this griefe in Englishe is called the Migrime. This paine cometh often by fittes, and in some the griefe is felt without the skull, in some with∣in deepe in the braine, and in some other nigh to the temples in the mus∣cles ther.* 1.109 This paine is caused by ascending and flowing of many vapours or humours eyther hote or cold, eyther by the vaines, or by the arteries, or by bothe. Sometyme

they only procead from the partes contained in the skull, that is, from the braine and his filmes, which thrust out their excrementes and superfluityes from them, and sometime from the partes of the body beneth the head, which send vp corrupt vapours & humors from them selfes to the braine.* 1.110 The signes wherby you should know whither vapours or humours do aboūd, & whither they be hot, or cold, are to be gathered out of the former chapters. As also to know in what parte of the head the griefe is, whither within the skull or without, reade the former chapter of Cephalaa. Only this I adde here, that if in this disease, the filme that co∣uereth the skull be affected, then is ther paine so vehemēt, that they cannot suffer to be tou∣ched with ones hand, so that it seemeth the skinne it selfe is affected in this euill. As for ther diet what they should vse, and what they should eschewe, maie readily be gathered and prescribed out of the former Chapters, according to the diuersitye of causes: but specially let the patient refraine from suche things as doe send aboundaunce of sharpe vapours vp to the head,* 1.111 as be garlicke, oynions, mustard, raddishe rootes, and such like. The cure is di∣uerse according to the diuersity of causes. And therfor when you will cure the migrime, con∣sider diligētly first whither the patiēt neadeth bloudletting or purging. For if the griefe com through plenitude & aboundāce of bloud & humours, then cut the Caephalica in the arme on the same side that the griefe is: but if the migrime be caused of aboundance of one humour, then purge that humour by conuenient medicines, which are prescribed in the former chap∣ters.* 1.112 The hole body being purged, you may come to local & outward medicines, & first cause the patient either with his owne fingers, or with a linnen cloth, to rubbe & chafe the halfe of his forehead which is grieued, and specially about the muscles of his temples, vntill it be red and hote, and this must be done befor the fitte of paine cometh. After the fitte (as Galen tea∣cheth in the end of his secōd book, De compositione medicamentorum secundum locos) you must apply medicines which of the old Phisitions were called Hemicrania, for that they were vsed for the migrime: noting this alwayes, that if with the paine ther were muche heat felt, then you ought to applie such things as would somewhat coole. But if there were noe euident heat felt, then vse those thinges that are very hote. But you must commixe with either of these, somewhat that is restrictyue, and hath vertue to corroborate and streng∣then.* 1.113 This ointment following is a very good remedie in a cold affecte. ℞. Of oyles of dill and Ireos. ana. ℥.ss. of whit pepper, and serpillum. ana. ℈.j.ss. of Castoreum. ℈.j. of Eu∣phorbium ℈.ss. of waxe .q.ss. and make an ointment to be applyed vpon the halfe of the fore∣head and the muscle of the Temples. Also in this case it profiteth much to poure this oyle following into the eare.* 1.114 ℞. Sweete oyle olyue. ℥.j. Euphorbium. ℈.j. commixe them and droppe one droppe into the eare warme. You maie put in more Euphorbium or lesse, accor∣ding as the body is quicke or dull in sense: but beware you vse not this medicine in those that haue the migrime engendred of hote vapours or humours. AEtius saith that euphor∣bium dissolued in vineger, and applyed to the left syde of the head, if the right syde be grea∣ued, or contrarywyse on the right syde when the paine is on the left syde, doth of a certaine hid property helpe the migrime. The same Author alsoe saith, that earth wormes beaten to powder, and applyed to the griefe, as also the fleshe of snails bruised and applyed doth proffit much. The kernells of peaches bruised and applyed vpon the griefe (as report hath beene) doth proffit muche. Marcellus saith that the doung of a goate stamped and commixed with vineger squilliticke, if the forehead and temples be annointed ther∣with, it ceaseth the paine of the mygrime for euer. Alsoe his counsell is, if ther be sodaine paine of the migryme, take frankinsence, mirrhe, and a egge, beate them together, and ap∣plie that to the forehead and temples.* 1.115 If the migrime be caused of hot humours or vapours, then vse those remedies which we prescribed before in the cure of headach cōming of heat or of cholericke humours. Here I think it requisit to praescribe certaine pilles, good to be vsed against inuerate headache,* 1.116 and the migrime. First it choler abound. ℞. powder of Hiera sim∣plex Galeni. ʒ.ij. pilularū ar abicarum. ʒ.iij. trochiskes of mirabolās citrine. ʒ.j.ss. reubarbe. ʒ.j. spicknard. ℈.j. commixe them with syrupe of violettes, & reserue the cōposition. When need requireth minister. ʒ.j. or. ℈.4.v. or vj. houres after supper, & let the patient sleepe vpon it. This you may do once in tenn dayes, or once in fifteene dayes at all times (sommer excep∣ted). But if fleume aboundeth, make your pilles thus. ℞. of Agaricke trochiscate. ʒ.iiij.

pilulae arabica, and Hiera simplex. Gal. ana. ʒ.j.ss. floures of staechados, and trochiskes of mira∣bolanes chebulorum. ana. ʒ.j. with syrupe of staechados and oximel commixe them, & when occasion serueth, minister. ʒ.j. or. ℈.iiij. at eche time in forme abouesaid. But if melancholy be cause of the migrime, ℞. of the aforesaid Pilulae arabica. ʒ.ij. of pouder of sene & Epithimū. ana. ʒ.ij.ss. of Hiera simplex. Gal. ʒ.j.ss. of trochiskes of Mirabolanes indorum. ℈.iiij. with syrupe of furnitory & balme water make pilles, & when requireth, minister them in forme aforsaid.

CAP. XIIII. Of Vertigo and swemming in the head.

THAT which the Latines call Vertigo, is a disease, wherin the patient doth imagine that his head is turned roūd about. Ther is another disease somewhat like vnto this, which in Latin is called, Tenebricosa Vertigo, and that is when the patient doth thinck that al that he seeth turneth about, and sodenlie with it, his sight faileth him, he supposing that he is compassed about with mist and darknes. It is cōmonly of the Phisitions called Scotomia. Fuschius doth thinck that they erre greatlie, that make a difference betweene the former kinds, but it maie be confirmed out of good Authors, Hippocrates, Galen & others. Both the aforsaid kinds be ingēdred after one sort, and that is through the inordinate mouing of windy vapours and spirits, contained in certain partes of the braine.* 1.117 This disease is caused either of the braine it selfe being distem∣pured and euill affected, or of the mouth of the stomake offending the braine. The braine it selfe is affected euill, when a grosse and tough humour is contained in it, from whence a va∣porous and windy spirite being resolued by weake heat, is moued inordinately about in the braine. The mouth of the stomake doth affect the braine, when through corrupte hu∣mours being gathered aboundantly in it, vapours and windy exhalations are carried vp to the braine, & so turne about the animall spirits contained in it.* 1.118 Those that are troubled with this disease, a darknes and miste appeareth before ther eyes vpon euery light occasion, spe∣cially if they turn about. For it chaunceth to them by turning once about, as is doth to other when they turne often, and therfore the patient many times falls downe. Also it doth astony him, if he see another man, or a wheele, or any such like thing turne about, as also it he see whirle pooles in the water turne about, for the visuall spirites beholding a wheel that tur∣neth about, or any such like thing, doth also turne about in like sorte, and so the mouing of the humour and the spirittes are troubled vnequall and inordinate. When this disease doth procead of the braine being euill affected, then ther proceadeth sound of the eares, vehemēt paine in the head, and heauines therin. Also the smelling and the other senses proceading from the head are hurte. Ther fitte is then chiefly when the Sunne doth heat them, or when ther head is hotte by some other meanes, & so the humours being dissolued, do turne about in the braine. When the disease proceadeth from the mouth of the stomake, then they feele before it, a gnawing in the stomake, as it were the hart burne, & a disposition to vomit. This disease maie be discerned from the falling sicknes, for that this doth nether take awaie the senses from the patient, nor it causeth not the crampe and writhing of members in the fitte.* 1.119 This disease is not to be lightly esteemed, for the Vertigo (as Galen saith) is nigh to the fal∣ling sicknes, and the Apoplexie. And therfore it wold be well looked to. For the Ʋertigo and scotoma will quickly be changed into pernitious diseases, for that they are verie nigh to them, specially to the falling sicknes and the Apoplexie. And if those things that the pa∣tient doth imagyne to see before his eyes, appeare bloudye and reddishe, he is apt to fall into madnes, but those that seeme to see purple colours, are disposed to the falling sicknes. The Scotoma or darke vertigo becommeth most vehement in winter, or in the be∣ginning of the spring. Besydes in manie it is a signe that the falling sicknes will followe. And many do vse to call it a litle Epilepsie. As concerning diet:* 1.120 let the patient remaine in an ayer, that is temperate, pure, bright, and cleare, and let him eschewe grosse and cloudie ayer. Let him eschew windes, especially south windes, let him also auoid the beames of the sunne & the moon: as also let him not behold things that moue swiftly, as rūning waters, or things

that turne about, as wheels, & such like, or to looke into deep pittes is euill for him. Let him eate meates of good iuyce, & of easy digestion, & such as engendre no windines, as partrich, capon, phesant, chicken, veale, scaly fishes and suche like, that be easie of digestion. And let him vse to eate but moderately of them, for satiety, as also long fasting is not good for him. He must eschewe all things that cause vapours to ascend into the head as oynions, gar∣lick, leekes & such like. And therfor if he drinke wyne, let it not be very olde, small whit wine may be permitted him. After meate it is good for him to eat some restrictiue thing to stoppe the vapours that they ascend not to the head, & that specially if the stomake be cause of this disease. Let his excercyse be moderate, let him eschewe sleepe of the day, nether let him sleepe within two hours aftermeate. Let not the place be to hote wher he sleepeth, nor let him not kepe his head to hote. In his excercyses let him not stirre his head muche. And therefor it is good for him to vse frictions often, especiallie in the morning before he ry∣seth, beginne at the vpper partes, & end with the nether. He must refrain from perturbations and affections of the mind, specially from anger, feare, and sadnes, as also from loud crying, and singing. Carnall copulation is not good for him. If he hath not a stoole once in a day,* 1.121 you must helpe nature either by clyster or suppositary. For the Cure if the fit be pre∣sent, you must reuyue the patient again with sweete and odoriferous smells, and with fri∣ctions and such like. At which time also if need be, you may vse a suppositary or a clister. Af∣terward if the party be strong, and noe other impedyment present, let him bloud on the Ca∣phalica vaine,* 1.122 whither it be the beginning of the disease or otherwyse. But take heede that you drawe not much bloud at once, for the patient will quickly fall through euery light oc∣casion. Therfor you must drawe away the bloud at sundrie tymes vntill you haue sufficient. But if any thing doe hinder you from bloud letting, first you must purge him with a sharpe clister, whereof you shall haue example afterward in the Chapter of Apoplexye. Afterward minister a purgation according as the humour abounding doth require. But forget not first to vse a preparatiue,* 1.123 when the whole body is sufficiently purged, you must vse locall things to the head, & first apply cupping glasses to the hinder parte of the head with scatification. Afterward vse to minister gargarismes, & sternutations to draw rewme from the head. Poure into the nose iuyce of chickweed, betes or cyclaminus. Also nitrum beaten with nigella and mixed with old oyle, purgeth well by the nosethrills. Also odours made of the decoction of maiorame, hysope, & floures of staechados, a litle castoreum, muske, and vinegre being added is good. After that let the patient enter into a bath, specially a naturall bath that is of alome, & if his head be ouer hote in the bathe, you must coole it often with oyle of roses & vinegre applyed in clothes to it specially on the fore parte of the head, and about the forehead and the tempels. And if the disease doe cease by these remedies, then vse noe other. But if it con∣tinew still, you must cut the arteryes that be nigh the temples aboue the eares, specially if the disease come of hote vapours ascēding to the braine by the arteries. And this is not only the praecept of Galen, but also of Aetius, & Paulus Aegineta. How the arteries should be cut you shall lerne of the said AEgineta in his. 6. booke & 4. Chap. Albeyt Galen affirmeth, that some haue not bene helped by cutting of the arteries, partly for that the hote & vaporours spirits doth sometime ascend by deeper arteries into the braine, and partly for that a windy spirit maie be engendred by an inequall distempure of the braine. And therfor if the disease be caused by any of these meanes before rehersed, the patient shall feele small ease or none by cutting of the arteries. And therfor be diligēt to enquire of the aforsaid causes, before you cut the arteries.* 1.124 It profiteth much to apply this cautery behind the eares. ℞. of cantarides ther heades, winges, & legges being cast awaie. ʒ.j. sharpe leauen. ʒ.ss. with vinegre & aqua vita cōmixe them & applie them.* 1.125 If the vertigo be caused by the consent of the stomake (that is) if humours contained in the mouth of the stomake, do send vp vapours to the braine, and so cause the vertigo: it must be cured by vomit, which you shall prouoke in this sorte. ℞. Of dill a handfull, seades of radish & rapes. ana. ʒ.ij. rootes of radishe. ℥.ss. boile them in suffi∣cient quantity of water, vntill the third parte be cōsumed, then straine it & put therto oximel scilliticū. ℥.j.ss. cōmixe them & make a poriō, & minister it bloud warme after meat immediat∣ly. And if this suffyse not, it is good to purge him with Hierapicra Galeni. Or with pilles that be good for the stomake, called stomachicae for that cause, or with decoction of mirabolanes

citrine or chebuli, or with manna, or with syrupe of roses solutiue, according to the diuersity of the humour abounding. Let the patient vse commonly after meate to eat some restrictiue thing that will close the mouth of the stomake, and hinder the ascending of vapours vp to the head, as is Diacotoneon sine speciebus, and quinces, or restrictiue peares, or such like. Mar∣cellus saith, the iuice of black beates annointed vpon the tempels helpeth the Vertigo. Also if sothernwood be boiled in wine, or in oximell, & dronke warme, it is a most effectuall reme∣dy to cure it perfectly.

CAP. XV. Of the frenisie.

PHRENITIS in Greeke and in Latin is a disease, wherin the mind is hurte, & doth differ only from madnes, which is called in Greeke and Latine Melan∣cholia, or Mania. For that a feuer is ioyned with the phrenisy, and therfor the frenisy may be called a continuall madnes & fury ioyned with a sharpe feuer. Galen saith that the frenisy is an inflammacion of the braine or of the filmes therof. Aetius saith that it is an inflammaciō of the filmes of the braine with an acute feuer, causing raging and vexation of the mind.* 1.126 Ther be three kindes of frenisies (as Galen doth witnesse in his fourth Booke de Locis affectis. cap. 40.) according to the internal senses, which be three in number, that is imagination, cogitation & memory, which may seuerally be hurt. Two of those kinds be simple, and the third is compounded of those two. For some be frene∣tick, which can iudge rightly of those things that they see as touching commō sense & ima∣gination, and yet in cogitatiō & fantasy they erre from naturall iudgemēt. Some other being frenetick are not deceiued in cogitation and reason, but only in imagination they erre. Ther be other some frentick which doe erre both in sense and cogitatiō (that is) both in imagina∣tiō & reason, and doe ther with also lose ther memory.* 1.127 The frenesy is caused eyther of aboū∣dance of bloud, or of choler, occupying the braine or the filmes thereof. And if the choller wherof the disease engēdreth be burnt, then the frensie is most vehemēt & more pernicious then any other. Those that be frentick haue a cōtinuall feuer, & be madde, for the most parte they cannot sleepe. Sometime they haue troublesome sleepes, so that they ryse vp, & leap,* 1.128 & crie out furiously, they babble wordes without order or sense, being asked a question, they aunsctere not directly, or at the least rashly, & that with loud voice, especially if you speake gently to them. Ther eyes be bloudshotten and bleared, they rubbe them often, sometime they are drie, and sometime full of sharpe teeres. Ther tongue is rough, and bloud will often droppe out at there nose. Moreouer they pull motes & flockes from the bedding and clothes about them. Ther pulses be small & weak, and somewhat hard and senowy, they fetch ther breath but seeldom. Note that they which haue the frenesy, caused of bloud, they laugh in there madnes. But those that be frentick through choler they rage furiously, so that they can not be ruled without bands, & such do vse to forget all things that they doe or say, so that some of them, when they require the chamberpot, doe forthwith forget to make vrine, or when they haue done it, they remember not to restore the vessell againe.* 1.129 As touching the prognostication of this disease: Galen and all other lerned Phisitions doe confesse that it is most sharpe & most perilous, and is in deed vncurable and deadly for the most parte. Hippo∣crates saith in the 72. aphorisme of his fourth booke that vrine white & cleer in those that do raue, is a very euill and deadly token. Concerning diet let the sicke be vsed in this sorte.* 1.130 If it be winter, let him lye in a warme place, if it be sommer, let his lodging be in a coole place, let the ayer and the light be moderate, and let ther not be diuerse pictures in the place. And for that some be troubled with the light, and some with darknes, it is best to trie them in both, and to lay him in the light, which is afraid of darknesse, and contrary he that is offended at the light, let him be in a dark place. But if the sicke person do finde noe difference in the pla∣ces, then, if he be strong, let him haue light, if weak, keep him in a darke place. Let his dearest frindes come to him, and let them sometime speake gently & softely vnto him, & sometime rebuke him sharply. Let his meate at the first be ptisan broth, or husked barley boiled, or the crume of bread dipped often in aqua mulsa (that is) water & hony sodden together, or in ho∣ny

of roses. Boile in his brothes, endiue, succory, lettuse, mallows, & such like, which haue ver∣tue to coole & moisten. When the disease decreaseth, you may giue him scaly fishes, such as lyued in grauelly ryuers. If he be very hote within, you may giue him pomegarnettes, and cheryes. Let his drinke be water, wherin a litle Cynamon or barley hath bene boiled, you may commixe with it syrupe of violettes, or of roses, or of water lillies. But beware you giue them not much at once, nor oftentimes, but seldomee, and a litle at once. When signes of cō∣coction appeare in the vrine, and the vehemency of the feauer is slaked, if then the sick lacke strength, you may giue him small white wine allaied with water. Moreouer let the sicke be kept quiet without mouing as much as is possible, if he be riche let seruauntes hold him, if poore, bind him, for inordinate mouing deminisheth strength. Also a bath of sweete water is good for him, if the body be drye and rimpled, but he muste vse it bloud warme. For so it cooleth and moisteneth, and by that meanes it cureth the drynes and ouermuche watching, but take heede you vse not bathing before the body be purged. Moreouer perturbations of the minde do hurte frantick persons excedingly, and therfor you must suffer them to vse no∣thing,* 1.131 that will make them sadde, or engender choler in them. For the cure, if the strength of the patiēt will suffer, let him bleed forthwith for ther is none so present a helpe. You must cut the vttermost vaine of the arme called Caephalica,* 1.132 and if that appeare not, take the midle vaine, & draw out as much bloud as strength will suffer. But take heed you let him not bleed vntill he sound, as many rashely doe, for it is better to take lesse then you should doe, the body being much weakened by vehemēt motion. You must take good heede, least the sicke doe priuily take away the band of his arme, or loose it. Afterward also you may stryke the vaine in the middest of the forehead. But if age or strength doe forbid bloudletting, then vse cupping with scarification, behind in the necke and on the back bone, which be profitable for that they drawe back the humours that flowe to the braine. For that purpose also cli∣sters are specially to be vsed made in this sorte.* 1.133 ℞. Mallowe leaues, violet leaues, endyue, and lettuce. ana. M.j. of Barley decorticate. ℥.j. sebesten. num. 11. seades of gourdes, melons and cucūbers. ana. ʒ.iij. seeth all these in sufficiēt quantity of water, vntill the third parte be cōsumed, then straine it and take of the decoctiō. ℥.xij. of casia fistula newly drawen. ℥.j.ss. of mel rosarum. ℥.j. of oyle of violettes. ℥.iij. of salt. ʒ.j.ss. commixe them all and make a clister. If you will haue it to purge more strongly, put to it of Hierapicra, or of Elcium de succo rosarum. ℥.ss. binding of the extreme partes of the body profit muche to diuert the hu∣mours from the head. Also Mathiolus doth greatly commend stubium with the conserues of roses,* 1.134 & I my selfe haue proued it in this order to be most excellēt as followeth. ℞. g.12. made in very fine powder and put it into clarret wyne. ℥.iiij. and let it stand houres .30. and euery 6. or .7. houre shake it. And at the .30. houres end, poure it from the powder, and let him drinke it with a litle sugar. This doth mightely purge the superfluous humors from the head, as also to rubbe the feete with salte and vineger and such like. You must sprinckle the head with oyle of roses,* 1.135 or vinegre of roses being bloud warme. For the braine or his filmes being enflamed, can not safely abyde actuall cold, nor vehement heate. For the same purpose also you may vse iuice of nightshade, & of plantaine, or the distilled waters of them, or such like herbes. If the euill be very vehement, moisten his face cōtinually with oyle or water, wherin the toppes of poppye haue bene sodden. You may also vse odours to his nose, of roses, vio∣lettes, water lillies, and such like. Also annoint his nosethrills within, and his forhead with the iuyce of the afore said herbes. For you must endeuour to astonye and dull the braine, which burneth extremely by cooling it. If the sicke watche ouermuch, then you must apply such things as doe prouoke sleepe,* 1.136 as this ointement following, or such like. ℞. Vnguenti po∣puleon. ʒ.ij. oyle of violettes. ʒ.iij. sead of henbane, & barke of mandrake rootes. ana. ℈.ss. of opium gra. ij. of saffron. g.iij. vinegre a litle, whit waxe as much as is sufficient, make an oint∣ment, and annoint the tempels therwith. Also this embrocation maie be vsed bloud warme to the head.* 1.137 ℞. floures of violettes, redd roses, and water lillies. ana. M.j. Barley decorticate. ℥.j. seades of whit poppy. ʒ.ij. seades of lettuce. ʒ.iij. seeth them in sufficient quātity of wa∣ter vnto the third parte, and make an embrocation. You shall make the decoction of more force, if you adde to it leaues of henban, nightshade, poppy heades, mandrake appels, or rootes, and a litle vineger. You may also lay vnder his pillowe, poppie heades, or man∣drake

appels. You maie also for the same purpose, giue him to drinke water wherin pop∣py or henban seede hath bene sodden, or some somnoriferous compounde as is regines Nicolai, or philonium, or such like, in ministring whereof you must obserue, that you giue them not in the vehemencie of the fit, but in the declining therof. Besydes note that you must eschew continuall vse of stupefactiue medicines aswell inwardly as outwardly also. For in this disease, by ouermuch cooling you may turne the frenesy into a litargy, wherby you may cause him to sleepe so, that you can awake him noe more. Also if the patient be weake be∣ware how you minister stupefactiue things to prouoke slepe, for in such as be weak (as Tral∣lianus saith) somnoriferous potions doe noe small hurte, and sometime they kill. At the last when the disease is asswaged, and waxeth more gentle, which for the most parte, chaunceth the third day:* 1.138 you may apply discussiue medicines which haue vertue to disperse the rem∣naunt of the disease. And for that purpose you may applie the aforsaid embrocation, adding to it before, floures of cammomil, dill, melilote, marshe mallowes, and such like. Ther be som that at this time (the disease declining) doe apply to the head, hennes or whelpes cut in the middes, or the loungs of a wether hote. But take good heed, that noe such thing be applied in the beginning of the disease, or in the vehemencie thereof, for so you should encrease the inflammation and the feuer, and make the sicke in more perill. Moreouer if the euill conti∣nue long, you may boile in the embrocatiō serpillum, that is, wilde time or sauerie. Also in the declination of the inflammation (as Galen teacheth) you may vse Castoreum, for that it is of subtill substaunce, and will worke his force through the skull. When the frenticke person is recouered, let him eschew dronkennesse, idlenes, variety and corruptiōs of meates, and espe∣cially the burning heat of the sunne. Hereby you may lerne not only, the cure of the frenesy, but also remedy against immoderate watching, & rauing in any sort engendred by feauers, when the patient is so vexed by them, (although they come by consent and be but accidētes of the feauers) that it is necessarie to remedy them lest the braine in time be therby affected.

CAP. XVI. Of the Lethargie.

LETHARGVS in Greeke and in Latin also, is a disease contrary to the frenesy for it causeth sluggishnesse and an inexpugnable desyre of sleeping, some call this disease, in Latin Ʋeternus. They that be taken with this disease, do forget al things, wher vppon it hath that name. For Lethe in Greeke is forgetfullnes,* 1.139 and Arges is slouthfull or dull, so that Lethargus is nothing els but a dull obli∣uiō, & therfor may be called in Latin Obliuio iners. It is caused of fleume, which cooleth the braine ouermuch, and moisteneth it, and therby prouoketh sleepe. The fleume doth putrify in the braine,* 1.140 & therby causeth a feuer which is alwaies annexed with this disease (as Galen testifieth in his. 13. booke de Methodo medendi. Also they haue alwaies a profound and dead sleepe. Ther pulse is great, and stryketh seeldome, and is watery (that is) it beateth as it were full of water. They fetch ther breath seldome and weakely they are continually sluggishe and sleepy, and can scarcely by any meanes be compelled to aunswere. They will somtime open ther eyes, if you crie loud to them, and shut them again forthwith, they are forgetfull and doe raue. They gape and gaspe often, and sometime keepe ther mouth open still, as though they had forgotten to shut it. Oftentimes being required to make water, & taking the chamber vessell, they forget to make vryne. For the most parte their egestions be liquide: but contrary wyse many are costiue. Ther vrine is like beastes vrine. Some of them doe trem∣ble, and sweate all ouer. Let the chamber wherin the sicke doe lye be light and warme.* 1.141 Let his meates be such as doe extenuate, cut, and drie, & let them be seasoned with apium, anyse, commin, pepper, cynamon, cloues, & such like. Let the sicke eat birds that liue vpon moun∣taines, and chickens, partriche, thrush, and such like. For pot herbes let him vse Asparagus, fennell, percely, and such like. Also giue him broth made with Barley or oatmeele, or alica, with oximell, or peniroyall. Let his drinke be hidromel (that is) water & hony sodden to∣gether, mead or watery, thinne whit wyne being astringēt, after he hath eaten it is not amisse

to bind the extreme partes for a certaine space, that the vapours doe not ascend to the head. For the cure (if strength permit,* 1.142 & nothing els doe let) it is good forthwith to let bloud. You must cut the middle vaine or the inwarde vaine of the arme, and draw out so much bloud, as strength will permit. But if you may not safely let bloud then must the bowells be scoured with sharpe Clisters, whereof you shall finde examples in the Chapter of Apo∣plexia. Afterward the humour abounding must be prepared with decoction of hysope in hony and water, or with time, peniroyall, mel rosarum, or oximell commixed with syrupe of borage, or infusion of roses, and waters of hysope, betony, maiorame, and bo∣rage. And afterward purge him with som medicine that will expell fleume, wherof you shal find examples in the next Chapter following.* 1.143 In the meane season apply to the head oxyr∣hodium, (that is) vineger of roses, and that in the beginning, for the humour is to be repelled, and driuen back from the head, what soeuer it be. For the which purpose also, it is good to vse frictions with pellitory, pepper, salt, and vineger and bindinges of the extreme partes. Moreouer apply to his nosethrills odours which will awake him, as be these, Castoreum, the snuffe of a candle quenched, tarre, galbanum, sulphur, hartes horne, sothernwood, or gotes hornes burnt a litle, and holden to the nosethrills. You may pricke ther legges, and ther ex∣treme partes, and pull them by the heare violently to awake them. Also you may boile time, peniroyall, and origan in vineger, and hold that decoction to the nose of the sicke, that the fume ascending to the braine maie cut, and deuide the tough humours. Also annoint the palate of the mouth with strong & sharpe medicines, as with mustard & hony, with mithri∣darum, theriaca, powder of pellitory. And you must endeuour to plucke out the fleume that sticketh ther with your fingers. Sometime also you may prouoke snesing with Castoreum, or pepper, or Eleborus, and if they can vse it, let them gargaryse. And if by this meanes the disease be not dissolued, then shaue the head, & apply to it bagges of salt, or milium, or such like. Or make this decoction following, and let it runne a heigh vpon the fore parte of the head. ℞. wild time, hysope, and sauery with a litle Castoreum, and boile them in oyle and vineger, and vse it. Moreouer it profiteth to apply a sinapismus, made of figges, and mustard sead beaten together with vineger. Afterward you must apply to the hinder parte of the head cupping glasses with great flame, about the first and second ioynt of the necke, part∣ly easily and partly with scarification.* 1.144 Also the head must be annointed with castoreum. (And as Tralli••nus saith) Castoreum dronke with oximell an houre befor the fitte, is exceding good: for (as he saith) he hath knowen many by that one medicine restored to lyfe & health. You may minister. ʒ.j. therofe-with. ℥.j. of oximell, or with so much whit wyne astringent, or with aqua mulsa. Besydes you must often prouoke natur to expell excrementes with clisters and such things that prouoke vrine. You must annoint the share with oyle of rewe, wherin a litle Castoreū is mixed, you must giue him in drinke such things as do extenuate & cut grosse and clammy humours, as be the decoctions of Apium, fennell, maidenheare and such like. You must admonishe the sicke to swallowe downe such potions often, & therefor you may droppe it into his mouth with a suckling boxe. In the lethargie it cōtinueth long, if strength do permit you maie minister Hiera ex colocyut hide, and prouoke him to sneese with the me∣dicines aforenamed. At the last when the disease beginneth to decline, gestation on hors∣back, or in a litter is profitable, and bathing is exceding good at that time, but the head of the sicke maie not be wette by any meanes. And if the sicke for lacke of strength can not abyde the heat of the bathe: at the least let him be washed at home in a vessell of warme wa∣ter. Let him be scoured in the bathe with sharpe sope, as with wyne lies burnt, with mustard seed, pellitory, pepper, laurell bearies, quicke lyme, adding double as much nitrum.

CAP. XVII. Of Memory lost.

MEMORIA deperdita, the losse of memorie chaunceth sometime alone▪ and sometime reason is hurte with it.* 1.145 It is caused in the lethargie and other sopo∣riferous diseases. It commeth to passe also that the soporiferous diseases be∣ing ended, ther ensueth forgetfulnes. Which when it chaunceth, then a cold distempur is the cause that the memorie is perished or greuouslie hurt. This

coldnes hath sometime moistnes ioyned with it, and sometime drynes: sometime any one of the former distempures maie cause this disease alone. Therfore the Phisition must dili∣gently discerne the causes. The causes of this disease be either externall or internall, if they be internall, either aboundance of fleume, or melancholie is cause of it. If ther be no signes of those humours abounding, then must it needes come of some externall cause, especiallie if it come not through extreme old age. The externall causes you maie lerne by relation of the sicke, and those that are about him, as if anie disease be newly passed, and so turned into obliuion, or if medicines were ministred inwardlie, or applyed outwardly to the head which haue vertue to coole extremelie. Or if it came of immoderate labour with studie & watching or such like. If the memorie be but a litle hurte, it betokeneth that the braine is but litle coo∣led. If reason be lost together with the memorie, then the affect is called Fatuitas or stultitia, (that is) folishnes or doltishnes, and both these do come of one dispositiō, but that it is more vehement wher both are hurte. As touching signes,* 1.146 if only a drie distempure occupying the hinder parte of the head doe cause this euill then ouermuch watching troubleth the sicke. If only a moist distempur be cause of it, then they are heauie and enclyned to sleepe, and ther sleepes be long and troublesome. If cold be ioyned with moisture, it engendreth the lethar∣gy and Carus wherof we will entreate in the next Chapter. Therfore in them that haue lost ther memorie you must obserue ther sleepes, whither they be ouer sleepy, or in a meane, or sleepe not at all, for so shall you finde what distempure doth most abound. Besides you must marke whither they auoid any thing at the nose, or whither any thing distill from the head by ther mouth, or whither those partes be altogether drie. For by them you maie likewyse coniecture the distempure abounding. And if fleume be cause of the euill, you shall per∣ceue it not only by immoderate sleepe, and aboundaunce of excrementes discending from the braine (as is afore said) but also by the disposition of the sicke, by his age, and his com∣plexion, by the time of the yere, the region, the state of the ayer, and by the diet that he vsed before. For all those or the most parte of them encline to cold and moisture. Likewyse if melancholy abounding be cause of the disease, you shall knowe it for that the sicke is not sleepy at all, nether doth he auoid any excrementes at all from the braine, besydes the state of his body and all other circunstaunces aboue rehearsed encline to cold & drines. His diet must be dyuerse according to the diuersitie of the causes. But whatsouer the cause be,* 1.147 let the aier that the sicke remaineth in, be inclining to heat, and let his lodging be light, let not his windowes be north nor south, for the one cooleth and the other filleth the head. Let him eschewe much sleep speciallie in the daie time, and vpon a full stomake. But note, if the disease be caused of a cold & moist distempur, then the whole order of his diet must be hote and drie. But if the cause be cold and dry, then must the diet be altogether such as will heat and moisten. As touching the cure if losse of memorie be caused by vehement purgations,* 1.148 or other immoderate euacuations, or by soundings often, and so ouer much drynes do hurt the memorie, then minister noe medicines, but only restore the bodie by good diet. For the bodie being corroborate, & strength renewed, the memorie will come again. If you require to know what things are requisite for such a diet, you shall find it in the Chapter of the feuer hectike. If the memorie be lost by extreme age, then phisick will nothing auaill. But only they must content them selfes with diet cōuenient, but if the memory fail sodainlie, the other members of the body being safe, then the falling sicknes is to be feared, or the palsey, or the Apoplexy. And therfor in such a case you must prouide diligently by al meanes that no such thing chaunce as is to be feared. You maie preuent those diseases by the same remedies that you would vse in the cure of them being present. And if the memorie faile by meanes of other diseases, as through the lethargie or pestilence, then medicines for cure thereof are to be vsed. The whole scope of curing the disease, if it come only of a cold distempure of the braine consisteth in heating. You must therfore minister medicines that haue vertue to heat aswell inwardlie as outwardly. Outwardly you must annoint the head with warme oyle, & that in sommer. In winter annoint it with oile of Ireos commixed with sharpe vineger, and sometime boile wild time, and calamint, and such like in the oile, and so vse it. Som do adde to it pepper, and laurell bearies. Also Castoreum is profitable being commixed with oile, and annointed vpon the hinder parte of the head. Also this ointmēt is very good. ℞. of oile made

of tyle stones,* 1.149 called Oleum de Lateribus, and oyle of Castoreum. ana. ℥.ss. rootes af••corns, & valerian. ana. ℈.j. pellitory and ••ewe of eche. ℈.ss. with waxe sufficient make an ointment, & annoint the hinder parte of the head therwith being shauen, and apply this quilt vpon it. ℞. floures of rosemary,* 1.150 balme, and lauender. ana. M.ss. flours of Elder. M.j. stechas. ʒ.iij. nut∣megges, wood of aloes, and macis. ana. ℈.j. powder them, and stich them in silke, and make a quilt. You may make many such like medicines by examples in other Chapters. You may minister inwardly conserues of the floures of betonie, rosemarie, lauender, spicknard and baulme, adding to them pepper, cloues, Cinnamon, and such like odoramentes. If memorie be lost by cold, and moistnes ioyned together minister Hierapicra, which will purge out no∣thing that is good, but only that which is noisome. Afterwardes let him vse gargarises, ster∣nutations, and whatsouer doth purge by the mouth & the nose. Also a sinapismus may pro∣fitablely be applyed to the head. If obliuion be caused of fleume abounding, then you must first prepare, and concoct that humour, with mel rosarum, oximel, syrupe of infusion of roses, with decoctions of betony, maiorame, hysope, time, and such like, after the administration wherof, the matter being concoct and prepared, you maie purge it with decoction of mira∣bolanes, chebulorum, and agaricke trochiscat, to the which you may adde of the syrupe of infusion of roses, or Diacatholicon, or Diphenicon. And if the matter through his grossenes, will not sufficiently purge at once, then you must prepare it againe, and after purge it with pilles, arabicae, aurea, or aggregatiua, commixing some of them with agaricke trochiscat, and so make pilles with hony of roses, or syrupe of staechados. After you may particularlie purge the head with gargarises and sternutations. After purging it is good to minister vnto them Castoreum or shauing of iuorie. ʒ.j. with aqua mulsa, or as much Confectio anacardina, or aurea Alexandrina, or diambra, diamoschu dulce, or mithridatum, or theriaca with aqua mulsa or whit wyne. Afterward you maie vse outwardly embrocations, and poure them downe from a heigh vpon the head being shauen, specially nighe to the seame, wher the bone is loosest or thinnest. You may make your embrocation thus. ℞. of hysope serpillum, and time. ana. M.ss. betony,* 1.151 maiorame, and floures of cammomill. ana. pug. ss. floures of stechados. ʒ.iij. make a decoction, and adde therto of Castoreum. ʒ.j. of vineger. ℥.j. & make an embrocation. It is good also to annoint the first and second spondill in the necke, and the hinder parte of the head, whith Oleum nardi••um, oyles of nutmegges, of Castoreum, of pepper, or Oleum co∣stiuum.* 1.152 And you may apply theruppon a quilt, made in this sorte. ℞. hysope, maiorame, and floures of staechados. ana. ʒ.j. Castoreum, nutmegges, spicknard, macys. ana. ℈.j. the bar∣kes of frankinsence, masticke, and wood of aloes. ana. ʒ.j.ss. redd roses dried the waight of all beat them to powder, and make a quilt. And if the euill cease not by this meanes, then laste of all, vse a sinapismus. If memorie be lost by aboundaunce of melancholye, you must first prepare it to expulsion, by syrupe of borage, and fumitorie mixed together, and adding sy∣rupe of infusion of roses, and waters of betony, hoppes and baulme and such like. Afterward minister this potion following.* 1.153 ℞. Mirabolanorum, indorum. ʒ.iij. sene, and epithimum. ana. ʒ.ij. floures of hoppes, fumitory, & borage. ana. ʒ.ij.ss. make a decoction in running water, & hauing strained it, dissolue therin of fine mamia. ℥.ij. of Diacatholicon. ʒ.vij. or Diasene. ℥.ss. and make a potion. As touching outward medicines, let them rather encline to moisture then drynes. As by adding to the ointmentes before praescribed, oiles of cammomill, dill, & sweet almondes. Likwyse in making embrocations and quiltes, you may withdrawe such medicines as drie, and adde moist things in ther stead. Hereby a circumspect Phisition maie not only haue a reasonable Method, to cure eche kind of obliuion, but also to remedy any dullnes or weaknes of the memory. For that it commeth of the same causes that memory lost doth come, allthough they be not so vehement, wher the memorie is weakned.

CAP. XVIII. Of Carus or Subeth.

* 1.154CAROS in Greeke, and Carus in Latin is a disease, in which both sense & mo∣uing is altogether taken awaie, and yet ther breathing remaineth safe. The Ara∣bians call this disease Subeth.* 1.155 This disease differeth from the lethargie, for that they will aunswere to a question demanded, that haue the lethargie, and doe not

lye altogether downe. But they that haue Carus, are occupied with deep sleepe, and if they be stirred or pricked, although they feele, yet they will say nothing, nor once open ther eyes. Besides as Paulus Aegineta noteth, a vehement feuer doth vse to go before Carus, and in the lethargie it followeth rather. Also Carus vseth to succead other symptomats and accidents. For it commeth often in the fittes of feuers, and in the falling sicknes, and in pressing of the braine, aswell when the braine pann is crushed together, as also if the filmes that couer the formost ventricle of the braine, be thrust downe. But the lethargie hath a certaine pe∣culiar consistence of him selfe. Also Carus doth differ from the Apoplexie, for that in it the breathing is very straight, so that the sicke can with much a doe scarce breath at all. But he that hath Carus (as Galē witnesseth in his fourth Booke de Locis affectis) hath his breath at li∣berty. Carus is caused of a cold, grosse, and viscous flegmatick humour filling the braine.* 1.156 You maie easily know the signes by that which hath bene rehearsed before. For in this di∣sease they are altogether in a dead sleep, and ther eyes alwaies shut. As for the diet, and the cure of those that haue Carus, it agreeth altogether with thers, that haue the lethargy.* 1.157 Wher∣of we spake before (in the. 16. Chaptre) sauing that in this disease you must vse things that be of greater force to extenuate, cut, and deuyde the grosse humours. Also you must apply emplasters, and other medicines to the stomake, which haue vertue to heat, & corroborate it, for because it is stuffed with fleume which doth coole it and moisten it. Wherof you shall find examples in the beginning of the third Booke.

CAP. XIX. Of Congelation or taking.

CATOCHE or Catalepsis in Greeke, in Latin may be called Occupatio, De∣tentio, & deprehensio. The newe wryters in phisick do call it Congelatio,* 1.158 in English it maie be called Congelation or taking. It is a sodaine detention & taking both of mind and body, both sense and mouing being lost, the sicke remaining in the same figure of bodie wherin he was taken, whither he sit or lye, or stand, or whither his eyes be open or shut. This disease is a meane betwene the lethargie and the frenesy, for it cometh of a melancholy humour for the most parte, as shalbe declared afterward. Therefor in respect of coldnesse it agreeth with the lethargie, and in respect of drynes with the frenesy. Hereupon it cometh that they which haue this disease, are nether like the freneticke altogether, nor like them that haue the le∣thargie.* 1.159 This disease is caused sometime of aboundance of bloud flowing to the head and replenishing it. But for the most part (as AEtius witnesseth) it is caused of a cold and drye melancholicke humour, troubling the hinder partes of the head and braine. This disease in∣uadeth a man sodainly, and taketh away speach and sense from him, he heareth nothing,* 1.160 he aunswereth nothing, his breathing is scarcely to be perceiued, but he lieth as he wer dead. His pulse is small & weak & very thick. His egestion & vrine are detained, or els they come forth in small quantity, & that is not in respect of drynes, for the sicke somtime doth abound with much moistur, but for lacke of sense. Ther face is somtime redd, and that is when the euill is engendred of bloud, and somtime it is swart, & that is wher melancholy causeth the disease. Moreouer the eyes in this disease remaine immoueable, as though they were frosen. This euill differeth from Carus (as Galen saith) for that in it the eye liddes are euer shut, but in this disease they somtime remaine open. The diet in this euill must be diuerse accor∣ding to the diuersity of causes. Let his food be ptisan broth, and such like.* 1.161 Let his drinke be aqua mulsa well boiled, or thinne white wyne well alaied, for such wyne, seing it doth not fume into the head, doth much good. It his hurtfull for them to drinke water, for it causeth windynes, swelleth the splene, and quencheth not thirst. As concerning the cure if the face of the sicke be ruddy, and bloud seme to abound, if strength permit and yeres,* 1.162 let him fourth with bleed on the outwardmost vaine of the arme, & let him bleed according to his strēgth. Afterward if the head be hot, apply those things that coole. For that purpose you may boile the shelles of poppy heades in oile, and annoint the head therwith. But in other, that haue

ther face swart, & so haue tokens of melancholy abounding, you must first clense the guttes with clisters, made of floures of borage, buglosse, fumitorye, tyme, epithimum, rootes of po∣lipodie, leaues of sene, adding to it oiles of cammomill, and dill, and casia, diacutholicon, diase∣na, or confectio ••amech in conuenient quantity. Whereof you shall find examples afterward in the Chaptre of Melancholia. And if the belly become not soluble by this meanes, then is it not amisse to boile in the former decoction rootes of Eleborus ••••ger. The head must be annointed with oile, wherin wild time is sodden, or with oyle of lillies or dill, or such like, & that you must do chiefly when the head seemeth cold. Moreouer if his vrine appeare grosse and thick, you must giue him to drinke the decoction of dill, apium, calamint, & such like, as haue vertue to extenuate. It profiteth also to annoint all ther whole bodie with oyle of dill specially in winter. Also they that haue trembling with this disease maie haue. ʒ.j. of Ca∣storeum commixed with aqua mulsa, and powred into ther mouth. The rest that concerne the cure of this disease maie be gathered partly out of the Chapters of the frenesie and le∣thargie before, and partly out of the Chaptre of melancholie following.

CAP. XX. Of dead sleep.

COMA in Greeke, sopor, or granis & profundus somnus in Latin. It may be called in Englishe dead sleepe.* 1.163 It is a disease wherin the sicke cannot awake, nor keep open his eyes, but doth keepe his eyes continually closse shut, and is in a sound sleepe. But ther be two kindes hereof, the one wherof we haue alredy spoken, and that is called simply Coma or sopor, or els Coma somnolentum. The other is called Vigilans sopor, and it is an euill wherin the sicke cannot hold open his eyes, though he be awake, but he winketh in hope to get sleepe, & yet is altogether awake. Therefor you must make a difference betwen these two kindes. The sleeping Coma (as Galen witnesseth) is somtime caused by ouermuch moistening of the braine,* 1.164 as it chaun∣ceth to many dronken persons. Also in feuers only hot and moist vapours ascending from the inferiour partes, and moistening the braine doe cause this euill. Moreouer somtime only cold, occupying the fore part of the braine is cause of this euill. Sometime profound sleepe is caused of coldnes and moistnes ioyned together. The other euill called Vigilans sopor, or Coma (that is) the watching drowsynes, it is caused of fleume mixed with choler, and for the most parte it commeth for lack of strength, that they are not able to keep open ther eye lid∣des.* 1.165 The partie that is vexed with the soporiferous and sleepy Coma, doth sleep with his ne∣ther iawe open, and as often as he is awaked, he falleth into a new sleepe forthwith. They that haue the watching Coma, they speake they wote not what, & they lye with ther whole body out of order, and they haue partly such signes as appeare in the frenesie, & partly such as in the lethargie.* 1.166 The cure is of two sortes, according to the diuersity of the euills. For in the soporiferous and sleepy Coma, you must vse those remedies that are praescribed in the Chapters of Carus, and the Lethargie, and to speak briefly after the whole body be purged, if the euill be caused of moistnes, then you must applye such things as will drye the braine made with sharpe vineger and roses, and cammomill commixed, and you may also let the fume therof go vp into the nosethrills. If it be caused of cold, then apply oyle of dill, and cammomill warmed, and if the cold be great, you maie somtime boile in oyle, peniroyall & dill and vse it. But if the euill be caused of cold and moisture ioyned together: then must it be cured, as the Lethargy. If it com of weaknes and lack of strength, then you must vse re∣storatiues to recouer it againe. Suppositaries are very good to be vsed in these kindes of diseases, for that they stirre and prouoke nature. For the watching Coma, since it consisteth of mixed and contrary causes, it must be cured by contrary medicines partly as the frenesie, and partly as the lethargie. And to know which of them you must vse most, you may lerne that by the humour most abounding. For if fleume abound mor then choler, then you must vse most the remedies against the lethargy: but if contrariewyse choler do most abound, then must your remedies be for the most parte suche as are good against the frenesy. And therefor you may seeke conuenient remedies out of those Chapters, as occasion serueth.

CAP. XXI. Of the Apoplexy.

APOPLEXIA in Greeke and Latin is a disease wherin the fountaine and ori∣ginall of all the senewes being affected, euery part of the body doth sodainly loose both mouing and sense. Or it is a depryuing both of sense and mouing through out the whole body coming sodainly with let and hurt of all volun∣tary functions. If this stopping of the brain come in on halfe of the body only then it is called Paralysis in Greeke: in English the palsey wherof we will speak in the next Chapter. The Apoplexie is caused of a flegmaticke humour, that is cold, grosse and tough,* 1.167 which doth at one time aboundantly fill the principall ventricles of the braine, which hu∣mour ouermuch crudities, and chiefly dronkennes doth engender. Also it is caused by a fall or a blow which shaketh & bruiseth the braine, and causeth humours to flowe thither. Also very cold ayer which doth thick and congele the humidities and excrements of the braine, doth somtime cause this disease: it may also be caused of a grosse melācholy humour. Con∣cerning signes ther goeth befor this disease a full and sharp pain of the head,* 1.168 and a swelling of the vaines in the necke, the Vertigo, and brightnes before the eyes, also cold of the extre∣me partes without cause, panting of the whole body, slownes to moue, and gnashing of the teeth whyle they sleepe. Ther vrine is litle in quantity, black, like rust and canker in metall, and hath a residence like meale. They that fall into this disease doe lack sense altogether, they lye as they were a sleepe with ther eyes shut, and do snort. The vehemēcie & greatnesse of this disease maie be discerned by the impediment that they haue in breathing. For when it is very much differing from naturall order, it betokeneth vehemencie of the disease, and that it is a great and strong Apoplexie. But when ther is a litle impedimēt in the breathing, then you may iudge that ther is but litle hurte in the braine, and so you maie account it a small and weak Apoplexy. The worst and strongest Apoplexie is, wherin the breathing is so deminished that it can very hardly be perceiued, and that is almost as euill, wherin the breath stoppeth for a whyle, and then is fetched with great violence. This disease for the most part doth chaunce to old men, which be of a flegmaticke complexion, and which doe vse such a diet as encreaseth fleume. But if so be it inuade any yong person, and that in som∣mer season, it is most perillous. This disease is vncurable, or at the lest is seeldome cured. And therfor Hippocrates writeth in the .42. Apho. of his second Booke.* 1.169 It is impossible (saith he) to cure a vehement Apoplexie, & not easie to cure a weak one. For it threatneth speady death. Besides if it chaunce by medicines to be taken awaie, for the most part it departeth leauing the palsey behind it, ether in the whole body, or in some part thereof. Often also it corrupteth the memorie, wherupon we maye conclude that remedies are not to be vsed, against a strong Apoplexie, for that it is of nature deadly. But if it be weak, which you may know by the signes afore said, although ther be small hope to remedy it, yet (as Galen testi∣fieth) conuenient remedies being ministred, it maie parhappes be cured, as experience hath proued in some. Those therfore whose cure is not altogether desperate, if ther be signes of plenitude and fullnes, & strength permit also,* 1.170 must be let bloud on both the Caephalica vai∣nes. But you must fortell the perill, for bloud letting doth either kill them, or deliuer thē: so that if after bloud letting (as Aetius saith) both mouing & sense come not vnto him againe, ther is no more hope. You must not drawe away much bloud at ones, but rather at sundrie times, and you must haue regard to his pulse, the colour of his face, & his breathing. Besydes you must prouoke him to the stole with sharpe clisters in this sort. ℞. sage, origan▪ betony,* 1.171 and rew. ana. M.j. calamint, hysope, & peniroyall. ana. M.ss. seades of fenell, seselis. & ammi. ana. ʒ.iij. centory the lesse. M.j. rootes of polipody. ʒ.vj. fine agarick. ʒ.iij. pulpe of coloquin∣tida. ʒ.ij. boile these in sufficiēt quātity of water, vntill halfe be consumed: then take of that decoctiō. ℥.xv. of Hierapicra, & Benedicta laxatiua. ana. ℥.ss. of Electuariū nidum. ʒ.iij. of Dia∣phaenicon. ʒ.ij. of mel rosarum clarified. ℥.j.ss. of oyles of laurell, rew, & Castoreū. ana. ℥.j. of fall gēme. ʒ.j.ss. cōmix them all & make a clister. Also the vse of suppositaries in this disease is very cōmēdable, made of Colloquintida, agarick, black hellebore▪ & such like, after this sort. ℞. of hony boiled to a height. ℥.ij. of Colloquintida, agaricke and hellehore. ana. ℈.ij. of fall

gemme. ℈.j. beat them into powder, commixe them with the hony and make suppositaries vj. fingers long, and hang a thread in them, that you maie drawe them out when you liste. You maie also put into the suppositaries Hierapicra, or pilles Cochia. Afterward annoint the whole body with a good quantity of warme oile, wherin wild time, calamint, dill, and such like hath first been boiled. Also the extreme partes must be bound strongly and vehemently chafed with the decoctiō of the roote of floure deluce, many cupping glasses must be fastned to the shoulders. The head must be shauen, and annointed with oiles of cammomill, dill, & rew, or with oile, wherin the aforenamed herbes haue been boiled. You must apply to the nosethrills such thinges as by ther odour can stirre and raise vp the sicke, as be opoponax, castoreum, sagape••um, galbanum. Also you maie vse medicines to prouoke sneasing made of white hellebore, castoreum & such others rehersed in the former Chapters. Or it profiteth much to vse embrocations, made of cāmomill, melilote, sage, peniroyall, maiorame, origan, calamint, sauerie, and hysope boiled in equall portions of wyne & water. But yet it is better to vse drie medicines to the head,* 1.172 as be sinapis•••• made after this sorte. ℞. Olei costiui. ℥.j. oiles of Castoreum and Euphorbium. ana. ʒ.iij. mustard seed. ʒ.ij. Castoreum. ʒ.j sagapenum. ʒ.j.ss. ••uphorbium. ℈.j. vineger. ʒ.ij. with sufficient quantity of waxe, make an emplaister. Also you must open ther mouth by force, and put into it your finger, or a fether dipped in oile of Ireos to prouoke vomit,* 1.173 and to cause the grosse humours that be in the mouth to be caste out. Also ther fondament must be annointed with such medicines as dissolue win∣dines, as be rewe, comyn, nitrum and honie. When the euill is assuaged, you must giue him meat of easie digestion, for the most mixed with hony. If his speache come not yet againe, so that strength permit, you maie fasten cupping glasses to the hinder part of the head with scarification. And in like sorte vnder the shorte ribbes, if you maie. Afterward let the sicke be carried in a wagon or horselitter.* 1.174 Let his drinke be mulsa, or oximell. Let him drinke no wyne. After. 21. dayes be paste the sicke may enter a bath, but as touching medicines re∣quisite for the rest of the cure, you shall find them aboundauntly in the Chapter following. And this maie suffise for the cure of the Apoplexie, if so be it be curable.

CAP. XXII. Of the Palseye.

PARALYSIS in Greeke, Resolutio in Latin: in Englishe the Palseye. It is a disease wherin the one halfe of the body either the right or the left doth loose both sense and mouing. Also somtime the palsey chaunceth in one member only, (as for example) in the hand, the legge, or the tongue. But note here that the palsey which followeth the Apoplexy is particularly called in greeke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. And therfore the word Paralysis is a more generall name then Paraplegia. But wheras in the palsey, somtime sense only is lost, and sometime mouing alone, and somtime both sense and mouing: it is especially called resolution of the senewes or palseye, when mouing is lost. Why somtime feeling is lost only, & somtime mouing alone, & somtime both together, Galen declareth at large in his first Booke de symptomatum causis, Cap. 4. & ther for it need not be here rehersed, notwithstanding it shall not be amisse to aunswere briefly to that questiō.* 1.175 First note that aswell the faculty of mouing as of sense floweth from the braine, as from a fountaine, and is deryued from thence by & in the senewes to the instruments of motion and sense, and therfor it must needes be, if that faculty of the braine be hindred or stopped by any cause, that it cannot discend to the instruments of mouing or of sense: that they should loose mouing or sense according as the senewes be affected. And therfor in those members that participate two kindes of senewes, as the eyes and the tongue doe, the former question is easy to be soluted, for that they haue one kind of senewes for motion, & another kind for sense, and so the one may be hurte, and the other safe, or they may be both hurt, and so both sense and motion perishe. But in members, that haue but one kind of sy∣newe, the question is more obscure to aunswere. In such members therfore, if (the skinne being takē away) the muscle lying naked cannot moue at all, and yet feeling remaineth in it, you may know that the hurt is not great. But if the senowes be much stopped, then hath it

lost both sense and mouing, for it is vnpossible that the sense of a muscle should be lost, and the motion remaine still. The reason is for that lesse of the animal facultie is requisite for feeling, then for mouing, so that ther may come sufficient quantitie of that facultie to a muscle to cause feeling in it, and yet not enough to cause it to moue also, and therfor a na∣ked muscle, which hath his facultie both of feeling and mouing, of one kind of senowe, can∣not moue and lacke sense. But ether it hath sense, and lacketh mouing, and then his hurt is but litle, or it hath lost both, and that is when the hurt is great, and the senowe is altogi∣ther stopped. But where there is a member that hath senowes placed in the muscles to cause mouing, and other senowes spread in the skinne to cause feeling (for the senowes that are dispersed in the muscles do not send out branches to the skinne as some suppose) I say it may come to passe in that member, that sometime it may lose feeling alone, and sometime mouing alone, and sometime both togither. For it may be that the skin which couereth the muscle may loose his sense of feeling, the senowe being affected which is dispersed in it, and yet the senowe that runneth in the muscle may be safe, and therfore the muscle may moue. But if the senowe which is spred in the muscle be affected, and the senowe that commeth to the skinne remaine safe, that mēber cannot moue, and yet it hath sense and feeling left, and that commeth to passe, because the senowe of the one is hurt, and the other hath his senowe safe: although they spring both frō one place, yet they are deuided in the way as they come to the member. And if both the senowes be affected as well that, that cōmeth to the muscle, as that which cōmeth to the skinne, then both sense of feeling and mouing also perish and ar lost, and that is whē the cōmon foūtaine from whēce they do both spring, is affected and hurt. You may discerne that, when you know exactly the cōmon originall & spring of eue∣rie senowe, in considering diligently whether the braine it selfe be affected, or the backbone at the head of it, or in any of his spōdils besides. This is to be knowen by the Anatomie of Se∣nowes, and therfore it behoueth to be well excercised therein, for in the palsey there is no: one certaine place affected, but diuers places.* 1.176 If the braine it selfe be affected (I meane not the whole braine: for thē is the Apoplexy engendred) but if the right halfe or the left be af∣fected, you shall know it, for that the palsey or resolution will be aswell on the right or left side of the face, as on the right or left side of the body. But if the face be safe,* 1.177 and one halfe of the body be depriued of sense and mouing, then you may know that the place affe∣cted is the vpper end and first spondils of the backbone, but the one half only of the marow is affected, and that is it which is next to the side takē with the palsey. But if all the inferiour mēbers, (the face only excepted) be resolued and paraliticke, thē is the backbone affected in the same place, euē in the beginning and vpper end of it, but thē is the hurt vehemēt, for the whole marowe is affected. But if it chaūce one only part to be resolued, and taken with the palsey, you must searche from whence the senowes come that be contained in it,* 1.178 which you may easely find, if you be well excercised in Anatomie. For if the marrowe of the backe be not affected aboue where his first beginning is, but lower among the spondils, then if the af∣fect and hurt be great, all the inferiour partes beneth those spondils affected, be resolued and taken with the palsey, but if the hurt be but litle, and the marrow but half affected, then only the inferiour parts of the one side be resolued. Therfore you must first learne by Anato∣mie to find the place affected, hauing foreknowledge from what part of the backbone, the mēbers resolued haue their senowes.* 1.179 The palsey and resolution of members is engēdred of aboūdance of grosse and clammie humours, which stop the senowes, and hinder the animal facultie, that it cannot come frō the fountaine to the mēbers. It may also be caused of immo∣derat cold in snow or vehemēt frost. Also it may be caused by an inflāmation, or a Scirrhus (which is a hard swelling without sense) chauncing in the backbone, or in parts nigh adioy∣ning or in other senowy parts, whereby the senowes are crushed and pressed and so stopped that the animal faculty cannot passe. As also the senowes may be crushed togither by some externall cause, as by binding with a corde, or suche like meanes, & so cause resolution, also whē ther is luxation or fracture in any of the spōdils of the back, or in other iointes or bones, there may follow resolutiō by meanes of compressiō & crushing together of senowes. Also resolutiō or palsey may be caused by meanes of a wound, or an vlcer, ether in the brain, or in the marrow of the back, or in any particular senowes. There need not many signes to know

this disease by: for any maie iudge easily, that parte or member to haue the palsey which is destitute of mouing: to knowe of what cause it proceded, you maie partlie learne by the re∣lation of the sicke, and partly by the signes rehersed before in the .7. Chaptre. fol. 8. where headache caused of fleume is entreated of.* 1.180 The palsey is noe acute and sharpe di∣sease, but of long continuance, and for the most parte curable. It chaunceth for the most parte in old folke, and in the winter time. The palsey that commeth by a synowe sepe∣rate and cut a sunder is (as AEgineta saith) vncurable, and so is that which commeth by ouerthwart incisions of the back or by great luxation of it. Moreouer if the member pa∣raliticke do waxe lesse, or chaunge his colour, it is hard to be cured, or rather not curable. For it declareth those partes not only to be destitute of the animall faculty but also of the naturall, and after a sorte of the vitall also. Ther diet must be altogether extenuating and drying.* 1.181 Let the sicke therfore remaine in an ayer, that is hot and drie, and in the first three dayes he maie vse altogether abstinence, or let him content him selfe with aqua mulsa, or a litle ptisan broth. Afterward giue him meats of good iuyce, light of digestion, and let them be rosted, let him eat chiefly birdes of the mountaines, and partrich, reare egges, almondes, and pyne nuttes. For pot herbes let him vse fennell, parcely, hisope, maiorame, sage and sauorie. Let him eschew fishe, fruite, and all things that be cold and moist. Let him drinke but litle, for it is good for him to sustaine as much thirst, as he can possibly. Let him drinke mulsa wherin sage or Cynamon hath bene boiled, or let him vse to drinke, that which the barbarous Phisitions at this daie call Hippocras: made after this sorte.* 1.182 ℞. of chosen Cynamon. ℥.ij. of ginger. ℥.ss. of long pepper, graines, and galingale. ana. ʒ.j. of cardamomes. ʒ.j.ss. of nutmegges, cloues, and mace. ana. ʒ.j. boile them all in three quartes of running water vntill a pinte, and halfe be consumed, then straine it harde, and with halfe a pound of sugar make it pleasant to drinke, he maie drincke no wyne at all, vntill he be perfectly cured. But if the patient can hardly be kept so long tyme from wyne, giue him but a litle in the declyning of the disease, and let it be thinne and alaied. Mouing and exercyse if he can vse them, are very good for him. Let him eschewe sleepe on the daie. Let his night sleepe be in a meane. Let him be mery and fly perturbations of the mind.* 1.183 For the Cure, if age, state of the body, tyme of the yeare, and such like permit, it is good to beginn with bloud letting, specially if ther be signes of plenitude. But you must drawe awaie bloud moderatly, lest the body be cooled ouer∣much,* 1.184 and you must let bloud on the whole and sound side. Then a fewe daies after bloud letting, you maie clense the intestines with clisters made thus. ℞. of mallowes, holy∣hockes,* 1.185 mercury, cammomill, sage, and betonie. ana. M.j. of staechas. ℥.ss. of rewe, and calamint. ana. M.ss. of seedes of fennell, and ammeos. ana. ʒ.ij. boile these in sufficient water vntill the third parte be consumed, then take of that decoction. lb.j. of Benedicta Laxatina. ℥.ss. of Ele••tuarium nidum. ʒ.iij. of honie of roses. ℥.ss. of oyles of laurell, Ireos, and rewe. ana. ℥.j. of salt gemme. ʒ.j. commixe them together and make a clister. After∣ward minister vnto him decoctions and syrupes, which haue vertue to extenuate flegmatick humours, and make them apt to be purged, wheref you shall find examples before in the 7. Chap. The humours being thus prepared minister medicines which do purge fleume, be∣ginning with gentle ones, & proceding by litle & litle to stronger. Besides those purgations which are rehersed in the 7. Chap. aforsaid, you may vse pilulae azairet, arabicae, faetidae, with the which you must alwaies cōmix agarick. Neither doth it suffise to purge the patiēt once, but you must do it oftē, letting .4. or .5. daies passe betweē ech purging. The next day after he is purged,* 1.186 it profiteth much to giue vnto him theriaca, or mithridatū. The body being welpur∣ged, you must vse sternutatiōs, gargarisms, odoramēts, & such other like, as ar rehersed in the 7. cha. And that specially whē the brain is principally affected. For if the brain be not affe¦cted, you must rather minister such medicins as may corroborat, & strēgthen it, in this sorte. ℞. of diambra, plicis, archoticon, & diamoschu dulce. ana. ℈.j. of pouder of swallows preparate. ʒ.ss. of coriander seedes preparate. ʒ.j. of sugar roset. ʒ.iij. with sugar dissolued in rose water make lozēges,* 1.187 & let the patiēt hold a litle of one of thē in his mouth oftē. It profiteth also in this disease to take. ʒ.j. of Castoreū, or of opoponax, or sagapenum, in aqua mulsa. Also diatrion∣pipereō is good for thē. Yf the brain be chiefly affected, you must anoint the head with hote

medicines, as with Castoreum, mintes, laurell bearies, oile of Ireos boiled with a litle vineger, and such like. Therfor if coldnes of the wether do not let it, you may shaue the head, and an∣noint it all ouer to the forhead. If the marowe of the back be affected at the vpper end wher he beginneth, then after the former purgation you must in the nape of the necke wher the marow of the back springeth forth of the braine vse oiles and ointments, which haue vertue to dissolue & discusse, but you must begin with the weakest, as with oiles of cāmomill, dill, spike, lillies, Ireos, narde, nutmegge, S. Iohns worte, & earthwormes, wherwith you must an∣noint the nape of the neck, & the resolued syde, specially the halfe of the ridge bone: & you must wrappe the paralitick members in warme linnen clothes, or in a foxe skinne, to keep them warme▪ or you may bath them with the decoction of sage, maiorā, cammomill, S. Iohns worte, staechas, and rosemary. Afterward you may proceed to stronger medicines as be oiles costinum, vulpinum, oyles of rewe, and bayes, oiles of Castoreum, Euphorbium, and oile of tyle stones, called Oleum è lateribus, or Oleum Philosophorum. To these you may adde these oint∣mentes, vnguentum aregon, vnguentum agrippa, and vng. martiaton, and hot simples maie be added. Also if you will, as be betony, sage, rosemary, galingale, cowslippes, rewe, cala∣mint, pellitory, pepper, Castoreum, and Euphorbium. Of these you may make an ointment after this sort. ℞. of vng. aregon,* 1.188 and martiaton. ana. ℥.j. of vnguentum agrippa. ℥.ss. of oiles costiuum & vulpinum. ana. ʒ.ss. of oile of earthwormes. ℥.ss. of oile of castor. ʒ.j.ss. of pouders of betony, pepper, sage. ana. ℈.j. of castoreum, & euphorbium. ana. ℈.ss. of galingale or rootes of acorns. ℈.ij. with waxe as much as suffiseth, make an ointment. Or thus.* 1.189 ℞. of oleum costi∣uum. ℥.ij. of oile of pepper. ℥.j.ss. oile of euphorbium. ʒ.ij. of aqua vitae. ℥.ij.ss. of iuyce of sage, and coweslippes. ana. ℥.j.ss. of galingale. ʒ.iij. of staechas & rosemary. ana. ʒ.ij. of pellitory & pepper. ana. ʒ.j. of Euphorbium. ʒ.ss. bruise them and boile them vntill the aqua vitae & iuyces be consumed, then straine out the oiles, & put to the waxe and make a lynement. By exam∣ple of them you may make a Cerote also after this manner. ℞. of bay bearies, pellitory,* 1.190 and pepper. ana. ʒ.ij. of galingale. ʒ.j. of staechas, betony, & elder. ana. ʒ.j.ss. of musterd seed & ni∣gella. ana. ʒ.j. of Euphorbium & Castoreum. ana. ℈.j. of oleum costiuū. ℥.j.ss. of oile of pepper. ℥.j. of oile of euphorbium. ʒ.iij. with waxe & rosin sufficient make a cerote. Also you maie make a quilt thus. ℞. hysope, maiorame, S. Iohns worte, sage, rew, & bay leaues. ana. ʒ.ij. spike,* 1.191 ma∣stick, castoreum & staechas. ana. ℈.ij. cloues, maces, & nutmeggs. ana. ℈.ss. red rose leaues dried M.ss. beat them all to powder, and make a quilt with them.* 1.192 Also a fomentacion may conue∣niently be made thus. ℞. Sage, rosemary, S. Iohns wort, cowslippes, hysope, maioram, betony, peniroyall & calamint of ech. M.ss. boile them in white wyne, and adde to the decoction of Castoreum. ʒ.ij. of floures of staechas, & lauender. ana. ʒ.j.ss. wherwith you may often bath the members affected, before you vse the aforsaid ointmēts or quilt. Moreouer you may set cup∣ping glasses lightly without scarification to the mēbers affected, that they may draw thither bloud, & heat, and spirits: & if the members them selfes cannot aptly haue cupping glasses applyed to them: apply them at the least to the partes next adioyning. After cupping you may vse the aforesaid ointments & cerates, so that the members affected be first rubbed & chafed. And if the disease relent not by all these meanes (as Aetius doth counsell) you maie vse sinapismes or cauterizatiō by fier wher the originall of the affect is. Last of all a hot house or dry bath will profit much, or if they may cōueniently come to them naturall baths,* 1.193 which spring from brimstone, alome, & salt, such as be the bathes in Germany called Badeniae, Feri∣uae, Cellenses, and ours in England at bath.* 1.194 But it is good for them to vse before bathing to be caryed vp & downe in a wagon or horslitter. And this may suffise for the cure of the palsey, occupying on whole side. But if nether the braine, nor the beginning of the ridge bone be affected, but only some other parts of the marrow of the back, then you must search out that part of the back that is affected. And apply such remedies to it, as are before rehersed. And in like sorte if any particular senowe be affected, you must find out his originall wher he sprin∣geth, and ther applie the former medicines or ther like. Yet remember you must neuer all∣together neglect the braine, allthough it be not principally affected.* 1.195 If the palsey be caused of extreme colde without humours abounding in the bodie, then the place af∣fected being found out, and the medicines before rehersed being applyed vpon it, you shall cure it. But you maie not altogether neglect the braine, nor the member that is

paraliticke, but vse to them such remedies as are afore taught. Bloud letting, purging, & all other euacuations may be omitted, only vse remedies to alter and strengthen the members. If the palsey be caused by an inflammation or Scirrhus of any parte,* 1.196 the same inflammation or hard swelling being cured, the resolution will be cured also. If any pinching or binding of the synowes cause resolution, the bond being remoued, the cure will soone ensue. If the spondills of the ridge or other bones being out of ioynt or broken do cause resolution, if the resolution be curable, it will be remedied by ther cure. Likewyse if palsey ensue a woūd or vlcer in the head, or back, or in any particular synowe: it will be cured by ther Cure, ex∣cept it be altogether vncurable.

CAP. XXIII. Of Palsey in one member.

ALTHOVGH any expert man may easily gather out of the former Chap. the cure of resolutiō chaūcing in any particular member, yet least those that haue lesse skill, should stande in doubte in some causes, it shall not be superfluous to make discourse of certaine particular resolutions. There is an affect of the face called in Greeke Spasmus Cynicus, & in Latin Connulsio canina, or of some Torturae oris.* 1.197 The Cure of this is like the cure of the palsey that is rehersed in the former Chapter. For both bloud letting if nothing be against it, and purging, and clisters, and ly∣nimēts rehersed in the former Chapter be good for this. Furthermore for the particular cure of this disease you must let the patient bloud on the vaines vnder the tongue, & fasten cup∣ping glasses to the shutting of the ioyntes and giue him Masticatoris made after this forme. ℞. seedes of stauisacre, masticke, the roote of pellitory. ana. ʒ.j. hysope, origan. ana. ʒ.j.ss. mustard seedes. ʒ.ij. pouder them and commixe them with turpintyne and waxe, and make trochiskes to chewe. Also it is good for the patient to looke often in a glasse, that he seeing the writhing of his face, may with all his power intend to amend it. Also to the grefe of the patient (that is) to the synowes that be sprong you must apply the medicines that are in the former Chaptre. Also this following is very good. ℞. Olibanum, masticke. ana. ℥.ij. l••gi aloes. ℥.j. cloues, galange, cynamon, zodoarie, nutmeggs, cubebibes. ana. ʒ.vj. mirrhe, aloes, labdanum, sarcocol castoreum. ana. ℥.ss. bay bearies, pyne nuttes. ana. ʒ.vj. Ireos, Aristo∣lochiae rotunda dictamus cōsolide maioris. ana. ℥.j. gumme elemni, opoponacis, beniomen. ana. ℥.ij. the iuyce of camepitius, & the iuyce of coweslippes. ana. ℥.iiij. turpentine. ℥.j. pouderal that is to be poudred, and put all in a limbecke of glasse, and distill it with a softe fier. And that which cometh first wilbe like water which you shall keepe, the next wilbe thick like oyle which keep also, and with this oile annoint the place, & let him drinke of the water three or foure ounces at once with a litle wyne,* 1.198 this is very excellent good. But you must note in this place that the cheeke is not troubled with the palsey which sheweth peruerse and ouer∣thwart but the other.* 1.199 When the tongue hath the palsey, the bodie being first purged, you must cut the vaines vnder it, and apply a cupping glasse to the chinne. Also let him vse Ma∣sticatoris, and collusions of mustard seedes and such like. Also let him not neglect exercyses of the tongue. And the necke and the hinder parte of the head let them be annointed with sharpe ointments and linements. Also the Phisition maie apply Cerates and sinapismes, & such like as before. When the bladder hath the palsey, sometime the vrine is withholden & sometime it goeth awaie against the patient his will. In this case you must apply remedies to the belly and to the priuities,* 1.200 oile of rewe, narde, spike, or oile in the which is sodden the roote of Eringium, rewe, comyn, or dill, or such like. All are very good: and you may well commixe with them butter, Castoreum, Galbanum, Opoponax. And ther can be no better re∣medy, then to put these things into the bladder by the yarde with a s••reng. First therfore if the patient cannot make water, you must get out the vrine by a fine pype made of siluer for that purpose called Cathetera. Afterward take those medicines, that are rehersed a litle be∣fore, and poure them into the bladder with a Serenge, this will do maruelous muche good. Also medicines prouoking vrine giuen in drink be good for it, and so is castoreum likewyse.

Also plaisters made of laxatiue things are profitable therfore.* 1.201 The palsey of the yard doth let and impedite the flowing of vrine, and sparme, and carnall copulation, therfor you must vse the same remedies which are rehersed for the palsey in the bladder: but priuatly you must apply to the loines, and to the iointes of the huckle bones things that will heat, and we must vse those medicines that haue power to erect the yard. And Castoreum may effectually be ministred, as well for this as for all other palseyes, the sicke must chiefly eschew meates and drinkes that do coole. By these examples you maie easily find, how to cure other members, that be paraliticke.

CAP. XXIIII. Of the falling sicknes. DE EPILEPSIA.

EPILEPSIA in Greeke (as Galen saith) is a conuulsion, drawing, and stret∣ching of all the whole partes of the body, not continually, but that which chaunceth at sundrie times, with hurt of the mind and sense, it is so called by∣cause it attachethe both the sense and feeling of the head, & also of the mind.* 1.202 The Latines call this disease, Morbus comitialis. Ther be .iij. differences in this sicknes or disease. The first is caused, when this sicknes cometh only of disease in the braine, as it chaunceth of grosse and clammy fleume,* 1.203 or sharpe choler doth [ 1] stoppe the passage of the spirite in the ventricles of the braine, if this euill cometh of a grosse humour, then the disease commeth sodainly, & it is soon gone again. Secondly it is caused [ 2] through euill affect in the mouth of the stomake, (that is) when the braine laboureth to driue awaie the vapours and humours that ascend vp to it from the stomake. Thirdly the [ 3] falling sicknes is caused, when as the patient feeleth a thing like vnto a cold ayer, comming from some member, and creeping vp to the braine, but this chaunceth very seeldome.* 1.204 Ther goeth before this euill an vnwyse state of the body and mind, saddenesse, forgetfullnes, trou∣blesome dreames, ache of the head, and continuall fullnes in it, especially in anger, palenes of the face, inordinate mouing of the tongue, & many do byte it. Assone as this euill taketh them, the sicke fall downe, and they are plucked vp together, they snort, and sometime they crye out, many do tremble, and turn round about. But the peculiar signe of this disease is fo∣ming at the mouth. This disease chaunceth most to children. Galen saith, that if it taketh any parson after .25. yeares of age, he shall haue it till he dye. The perfume or smoke of Bitu∣men, or Lapis gagatis, or of Goates horn will declare and shew them that haue the Epilepsie. Also the lyuour of an he goate eaten, or the sauour of the lyuour sodden will do the same.* 1.205 It is profitable for them that haue this disease to vse in their diet, things that will attenuate, cut, and deuide. Therfor let the ayer, in which the sicke remaineth in be hot and dry, specially if the euill be caused of fleume. He must eschew all flesh, except birdes that flye on moun∣taines: also he must auoid all kind of pulses, fishe, & wyne, especially if it be old and thick. Let his drinke be mulsa, or thinne ale: the eating of capers doth maruelously proffit. Excer∣cyse and frictions are good: but rubbe the head after all the other members be rubbed. Let him not vse to much lechery: let him sleepe measurablely on nightes, and let him eschewe exceding sleeping on the day. He must abstaine from garlicke, oynions, musterd, & such like fumous things. He must eschew drinking straight after a bath.* 1.206 If a child haue this disease you need not much to studie for remedies, for with a moderat diet oftentimes the disease endeth by the owne accord: you must appoinct a diet for the infant and the nourse. Therfore if the child be not yet weaned, let the nourse vse meates of good iuyce, and let her vse excercyse before meate, let her eschew carnall copulation, and let her vse for her diet things that be hot and dry, that therby the milke maie be hotter and thinner. Annoint the head of the in∣fant continually with oile of dill and Ireos, putting to them the powders of Cypresse, Ireos, maiden heare, maioram & such like, but neuer washe the head with water whither it be hot or cold. Also giue the child clarified honie to licke. Also this Ecligma is praised of many.* 1.207 ℞. fine whyte sugar. ℥.ij. oyle of sweet almonds, as much as is sufficient to make it of the substaunce of a lohoch, and giue it to the child to licke. Also it is good to commixe with it

miscle of the oke, and vnicorn. Also hang about the childes neck the roote of pionie being greene,* 1.208 for it helpeth maruelouslie. Moreouer they that fall into this disease after they be past childes age, you must annoint and make straight those members, which are writhed, & plucked out of order in them. Afterward you must open the mouth, putting a wedge betwen the teeth, and with a fether dipped in oile of Ireos prouoke vomit to bring out fleume. Also it is good to quicken the senses with odoramentes. Also pencedanum, or dogge fennell, rew, Bitumen, and iuice of silplinum. The matter continuing very sharply, put into ther mouth Ca∣storeum, or laserpilium with oxymell. Also when they are raised, you must cast in a sharpe clister. They that beginn to recouer, (their strength being refreshed) purge them with Hie∣ra Geleni,* 1.209 or some other conuenient medicine, and this the cure of a new & sharpe epilence. Therfor nowe we will treat, how to help that which is olde. The patient must drinke water long time, or very small ale, and that in the beginning of the cure, vnlesse any thing do for∣bid it. Let bloud in the vaine of the hamme, or the ring finger, and then .iij. or .iiij. daies after you must comforte the bodie, and it is good to minister preparatiues to extenuate, as syrupes of wormewood, of hisope, of stechados, oximell scilliticum, decoction of hisope, roote of piony and others rehersed before. Afterward purge with purgations (that is) with pilula cochia, pilula de agarico and such as purge fleume.* 1.210 Also I iudge stubium to be of great force in this kind being vsed as is declared before in the .xv. Chap. fol. 17. which doth mightely purge the superfluous humours from the head. And also I haue knowen this to helpe many, oile of ex∣citore and with it annoint the hinder part of the head morning & euening warme. Further∣more make a twilt with .iij. sheetes of graie paper,* 1.211 & bast vpon it cotton woll, and let the pa∣tient weare it day and night .vj. daies. Then take two frying pannes, make them red hot, and hold one of them ouer his head, till it waxeth cold, then take the other and doe likewyse, do thus, till the patientes head be very hote. And if his griefe take him in thy presence, set the patient on his knees, and let his armes be holden crosse ouer his bodie as maie be, and let his head be thus warmed many daies together, and euery morning and euening let him take these things. The first daie of the pouder of the skull of a man burned, on dramme at once, and the next daie of the miscle of the oke, made in pouder. ʒ.j. & the third daie of the pouder of piony rootes. ʒ.j. and after those .iij. daies, take these pouders eche daie, till the patient be healed which wilbe in 40. daies. But if this euill be engendred of melancholie, then seeke medicines to purge it in the Chap. of Melancholia: but it is lawfull to take the barck of drie black hellebote, and beat it vnto fine pouder, & to minister one dramme at ones with mulsa, and a litle pepper to it, also you may make pilles thereof, and giue them. And when the sicke is purged inough, bring him to a bath, the third day fasten cupping glasses with scarification to the sides and shoulders, and then many daies after comfort the bodie, & again purge him with Hiera Galeni.* 1.212 After that fasten cupping glasses to the nodle of the neck. The next daie apply to the head like a plaister, bread sodden in mulsa, adding to it bitter almondes brayed, or serpillum, or calamint, or mints, or rew, and do that .iij. daies. Then shaue the head, and an∣noint it with iuyce of pencedanum, infused in vineger, in which serpillum, or Ireos hath bene sodden. Then againe the bodie being refreshed purge the sicke only with three drammes of Hiera, after those things be done minister sternutaments, masticatories, and such things as do purge by the nose, then afterwardes if you thinck good minister a clister. At the last apply ointments, lynements, and emplaisters, which haue vertue to discusse and dryue away, wherof you maie find examples plenty in dyuers places.

CAP. XXV. Of the Crampe. DE CONVVLSIONE.

* 1.213SPASMOS in Greeke, in Latin Conuulsio, in Englishe the Crampe, is a disease in the which the synowes are drawen, and pluckt vp against ones will. Ther be of [ 1] it three kindes or differēces. The first is called in Greeke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, in Latin Disten∣tio. It is when the neck remaineth altogether immoueable, and cannot be turned

any waye, but must be holden right forthe. The second is called in Latin Tensio ad anteriora. [ 2] In this disease the head and the neck be drawen downe to the breast. The third is called in [ 3] latin Tēsio ad posteriora.* 1.214 In this disease the head is drawen down backward to the back & the shoulders. For the causes of this disease you must note that Hippocrates appointeth but only two (that is) fulnes and emptines of the sinewes in the body, and somtyme it commeth with byting or stinging of some venemous beaste. Yf that the crampe doth take one that is haild, or by and by assone as the disease commeth or not long after, then is the disease caused of fulnes, but when the conuulsion commeth after many sweates, vomittes, watchinges or drynes, then is it caused of emptines. The dyet of them that haue conuulsion,* 1.215 which cō∣meth of fulnes must be hote and dry. But in them which haue the cōuulsion caused of emp∣tines, the dyet must be moist. Therefor, the patient must be nourished with soupinges & fat brothes, and fleshe easie to digest, and that which nourisheth well. For there drinke let them vse wyne that is thinne and watery, which maye quickly be dispersed into all partes of the body, vnles a feuer be present: for then iuyce of ptisan is profitable or in steed of wyne minister decoction of Synamon. Also prouoke sleepe. Let them eschew exercises & all thinges that may empty the body: to be short, let his dyet be like vnto thers, which haue the feuer Ethicke. The cure of the crampe caussed of fulnes,* 1.216 must straight beginne with let∣ting of bloud, if no thing do prohibit it. It is meete to take away much bloud, but it may not be done all at once on heapes,* 1.217 but by little and little you must let bloud on the middle vaine on the arme. If after bloud letting it seemeth that the sicke may suffer it, wash the wombe with a sharpe clister. That parte which is drawen, must be stronglye kept togither,* 1.218 and they must altogether eschewe inordinate mouinges▪ and the place must be chafed with oyles of rewe, or ireos, or some other such like, or they must be couered with woll dipped in the sayd oiles, or you must lay vpon it a broad bladder filled with oile. And if the conuulsion com∣meth of fleume, then the fleume must first be extenuat, and made thinne,* 1.219 and be prepared that it maye be apt to be purged: then by and by minister a purgatiō to purge fleume. Also apply cupping glasses with scarification, for light ones hurte. Yf the legges haue the cramp apply it to the haunches, and to the latter knittings of the ioynts. Yf the handes be drawen, apply it to the backe and to the ioyntes of the shoulders.* 1.220 Moreouer the head must be pur∣ged with Masticator••es, gargarizes, and such lyke medicines. Time proceeding, it is good to bath him, and therfor euerie day twyse or thrise let him discend into water of brimestone or alome, or salt water, but let him not tarie in them, lest strength fayle him: or if ther can not be vsing of naturall bathes, it is lawfull to vse a hote house, or dry bathe,* 1.221 or water wher∣in is sodden laurell leaues, sothernwood, peniroyall, wormwood, rewe, sage, S. Iohnsworte, maiorā & betony, & the places that ar drawē ought to be couered with skinnes of wolues or foxes: also apply the ointments which ar rehersed in the cure of the palsey of the vsing of cold things, but minister often hote medecines, such as be Theriaca and mithridatios, & such as be hote. But the surest and best of all other is the infusion of Castoreum ministred the quan¦tity of one dramm, truly not only the drinking of it but also the annointing of it outwardly is good.* 1.222 Moreouer the conuulsion which commeth of emptines and drynes is such an euill disease, as it is almost vncurable. Those which ar so drawen, you must nourish with hote oyle or hidraleū. Also it is good to bring him to a bathe, and soft frictions wich oyle is good, and all ther whole cure must alwayes be lyke the cure of Ethicks. Yf the conuulsion chaun∣ceth by the stroke of some venemous beast in the beginning of the cure: you must labour to drawe out the poyson, which you may do by making the wounde wyder,* 1.223 and by scarifi∣ing the place round about, setting vpon it cupping glasses: also you must annoint it with leeke seed, braied with salt, or garlick, or oynions, and after the fall of the scurffe, you shall keepe the wound xl. or lx. daies from a scarre: to the which if it make much haste, you shall open the sore again with ashes of vrine or of figge tree: and it is good to annoint it with horehound or leaues of Anagallis. Also nourish the place with the decoction of the root of Sorrell. Also Theriaca infused in oile of roses, and laid to the wound is good, because it doth draw out & purge the poyson from the bottome. Therfore they erre much, which say that Theriaca, being outwardly applyed, doth driue the poyson inwards.

CAP. XXVI. Of the Mare. DE INCVBONE.

EPHIALTES in Greeke, in latin Incubus and Incubo. It is a disease, where as one thinketh him selfe in the night to be oppressed with a great waight, and beleeueth that some thing commeth vpon him, and the pacient thinketh him selfe strangled in this disease.* 1.224 It is called in English the Mare. This vice is caused of excesse of drinking, and continuall rawnes of the stomake, from whence do ascend vapours grosse and cold, filling the ventricles of the brain, letting the faculties of the braine to be dispersed by the senewes.* 1.225 They that haue this dis∣ease can scarce moue, being astonied, and feeling in sleepe imagination of strangling, and as it were the holding of some thing, that doth violently inuade him. In this the voice is suppressed, some haue such vaine imagination, that they beleeue they heare the thing that doth oppresse them. At the last with much trouble the vapours being attenuate and driuen away, and the passage of the spirits being opened, the sicke is by and by raised. It is good to remedie this euill at the first: for if it continewe, it induceth and sheweth before some gre∣uous disease,* 1.226 as the Apoplexia, the falling sicknes, or madnesse. Let there dyet be thinne, and suche as will not engender wyndines. Let him vse no wyne but that which is mixed with water. Let him eschew sleeping in the daye, and let him not go to bed by and by after meat, and to be short, let his whole dyet be suche as is described and set downe for the fal∣ling sicknes.* 1.227 For the cure if the whole body be full, you must begin with bloud letting, and you must cut the Coephalica vaine.* 1.228 But if ill iuyce be gathered in the body, for the lacke of perfect digestion, then purge the body by purgations: and if fleume abound, you must first minister preparatiues to extenuate the fleume, and then purge it. The whole dody being purged, you must apply outward medicines, wherof you may find examples before. Blacke seades of piony doth chiefly helpe them, you may giue them fiftene seades brayed with wa∣ter. And nourish the head with oile of Dill made hote, and couer the head with a Cappe, when they go to bedde. Minister within the body those thinges which strengthen the head, as Aromaticum rosatum, Diamoschu dulcis, Diamber, Dianthon, Phrisarcotion, and such other like.

CAP. XXVII. Of Madnes. DE INSANIA ET FVRORE.

MANIA in Greeke is a disease which the Latines do call Insania and furor. That is madnes and furiousnes. They that haue this disease be wood and vn∣ruly like wild beastes. It differeth from the frenesie, because in that there is a feuer.* 1.229 But Mania commeth without a feuer. It is caused of much bloud, flow∣ing vp to the braine, sometime the bloud is temperate, and sometime only the aboundance of it doth hurt, sometime of sharpe and hote cholericke humours, or of a hote distempure of the braine. There goeth before madnes debility of the head, tinckling of the eares,* 1.230 and shinings come before there eies, great watchings, thoughtes, and straunge thinges approch his mind, and heauines with trembling of the head. If time proceed, there is raised in them a rauenous appetite, and a readines to bodily lust, the eyes waxe hollow, and he do nether wincke nor becken. But madnes caused of bloud only, there followeth continuall laughing, there commeth before the sight (as the sicke thinketh) things to laugh at. But when choler is mixed with the bloud, then the pricking and feruent mouing in the braine maketh them irefull, mouing, angry and bold. But if the choler do waxe grosse and doth pricke and pull the brain and his other members, it make them wood, wild and furious, and therfore they are the worste to cure.* 1.231 Let there diet be then, soupings liquide, making

a good panch without fulnes, and such things as do engender no bloud, and you must forbid him altogether drinking of wine.* 1.232 Where this disease is caused of aboundance of bloud, you must begin the cure with letting of bloud, it is good to cut the vttermost vaine of the arme, or if that do not appeare, then cut the middle vaine. In weomen cut the vaine on the anckles, for that prouoketh menstrues,* 1.233 you must draw out so much bloud as strength will suffer. Therefore in letting of bloud you must continually feele the pulses.* 1.234 Moreouer after the letting of bloud, nourish the head with oyles of roses and vineger, or iuyce of Poli∣gonum, or oleum melinum, or vnguentum in frigdane Galeni. Then apply moist woll, wett in oile to the hinder part of the head. After bloud letting at night prouoke sleepe, for if after bloud letting, watching do still continue, the sicke will appeare to be more outragious. Therfore minister boldly with iuyce of ptisan Diacodion, or mingle it with water, for so sleepe is plēte∣ously entised. And two dayes after that minister Trochiscies de hestear with Diacodion. Also oile of violettes with womans milke is good.* 1.235 Likewise an Embrocation made of dry vio∣lettes, water lillies, willowe leaues, and roses, leaues of lettuce, seed of poppy, and such like, and other medicines rehearsed in the chapter. Furthermore the belly must be made so∣luble with conuenient food and with clisters. These things being done, if there be need, you must draw bloud out of the middest of the forehead, set horseleaches round about the head, and especially the fore part of the head.* 1.236 For the cure of them which haue madnes cau∣sed of choler mixed with bloud, you must minister purgations of Hierapicra, and other medi∣cines that will purge choler. The iuyce of Eleborus niger doth maruellous much profit in this grief, so that you minister but 10. or 12. gra. at once. But if they doate & refuse to drinke a purging medicine, then that you may the easilier deceaue them, cōmixe the purgation with there meates, or with fatt figges, or dates. Also the only roote of wild fennell helpeth them, and the seed dronke with water. The sicknes declining, bring the sicke into a bath,* 1.237 and ap∣ply discussiue medicines to driue away that which remaineth. He that will haue more, let him seeke the chapiter following De Melancholia.

CAP. XXVIII. Of Melancholie. DE MELANCHOLIA.

MELANCHOLIE is an alienation of the mind troubling reason, and wax∣ing foolish, so that one is almost beside him selfe. It commeth without a fe∣uer, and is chiefly engendred of melancholie occupying the mind,* 1.238 and chan∣ging the temperature of it. It is caused thre kind of wayes: for sometime it is caused of the common vice of melancholie, bloud being in all the vaines of [ 1] the whole body which also hurteth the braine. But oftentimes only the bloud which is in the braine is altered, and the bloud in all the rest of the body is vnhurt, and that chaunceth [ 2] two wayes: for ether it is deriued from other places, and ascendeth vp thither, or els it is en∣gendred in the braine it selfe. Also sometime it is engendred through inflammation, and euill affect about the stomake and sides: and therfore there be thre diuersities of melancho∣liousnes, [ 3] according to the thre kinds of causes. The most common signes be fearfulnes,* 1.239 sad∣nes, hatred, and also they that be melancholious, haue straūge imaginations, for some think them selues brute beastes, and do counterfaite the voice and noise, some think themselues vessels of earth, or earthen pottes, and therfore they withdrawe themselues from them that they meet, least they should knocke together. Moreouer they desire death, and do verie often behight and determine to kill them selues, and some feare that they should be killed. Many of them do alwayes laugh, and many do weep, some thinck them selues inspired with the holie Ghost, and do prophecy vppon thinges to come. But these be the peculiar signes of them that haue melancholiousnes caused through cōsent of the whole body: for in them the state of the body is slender, black, rough and altogether melancholious caused naturally or through certaine thoughtes, or watchinges or eatinges of wicked meates, or through

Emeroides, or suppression of menstruis. But they which haue melancholia caused of vice in the sides, they haue rawenes, and much windines, sharp belkinges, burninges, and greuous∣nes of the sides. Also the sides are plucked vpward, & many times are troubled with inflā∣matiō, especially about the beginning of the disease. Also there is costiuenes of the wombe, litle sleep, troublous and naughty dreames, sweaming of the head, and sound in the eares: Let his dyet be such, as doth not engender melancholie. Therefore let him tary in an ayer hote and moist,* 1.240 and let them vse meates of good iuyce, that be moist and temperate, and let there bread be well baked & wrought, let there flesh be capons, hennes, partriches, fesantes, stony fishes and such like. Let the sicke vse wyne that is white, thinne, and not very old, and let them eschewe wyne that is thick and black, let there excercises be meane, let them ryde or walke by places pleasant and greene,* 1.241 or vse sailing on water. Also a bath of sweet water with a moist dyet let the sicke vse often as one of his remedies, sleep is wonderfull good for them, as also moderate carnall copulation. Let them be mery as much as may be, and heare musicall instruments and singing. But when the whole body abound with melancholike bloud,* 1.242 it is best to begin the cure with letting of bloud, and you must cut the lyuer vaine on the arme. But when the melancholike bloud occupieth only the braine, the sicke needeth no bloud letting,* 1.243 vnlesse there be very much bloud, and therfore let the sicke vse often ba∣thinges, and moist dyet of good iuyce, which is without windines, and let them vse delecta∣tions of the mind, and let them be cured by these without any stronger remedies, but if the disease hath endured long, it requireth sundrie medicines that be strong. Therfore whether the melancholiousnes be caused through vice of the whole body (as is said, the bloud be∣ing first drawen out) or through the only euill affect of the braine, you must minister medi∣cines that will purge downward.* 1.244 And a few dayes after purging and bloud letting, let the sicke drinck daylie in the morning this decoction.* 1.245 ℞. floures of Borage, Buglosse, violettes, ana. M.j. great Raisons the stones picked out. ℥.j. hartes tongue. M.j. Fumetory. M.ss. Barck of the roote of Capers, Tamariscus. ana. ʒ.iij. rootes of fennell, percely, licotice. ana. ʒ.j. Time, Epithimum. ana. ʒ.ss. seeth all these in thre poundes of water, vntill the third part be consumed, then straine it, and make the iuyce of that decoction sweet with suger, and cla∣rifie it with the white of Egges, and adde therto sirupe of fumitory, and Epithimum. ana. ℥.ij. and make a potion. After that sort at these dayes they minister sirupe of violettes, and Bu∣glosse, putting to them the water of harts tongue, hoppes, endyue, and Borage. But seing it appeereth that the stomache cannot beare very much vsing of distilled waters, it is better to vse decoctions of the aforesaid herbes,* 1.246 commixed with sirupes after this sort. ℞. Syrupe of Borage. ℥.j. sirupe of Epithimum. ℥.ss. decoction of harts tongue, fumitory, and endyue. ℥.iij. commixe them all and make a potion. After this purge the body with consectio hamech & diasenae, pilula indae, pilulae lapide armenio, and such like. Also it is good to vse this purging de∣coction.* 1.247 ℞. flours of Borage, violettes, roses. ana. M.j. Raisons the stones picked out. Ta∣marindus. ana. ℥.j. Mirabolanes citrinae, nidos, emblicos, belliricos. ana. ℥.ss. leaues of sene, polipo∣die, ana. ʒ.vj. prunes damascene. numero .x. seeth them in iust quātitie of water vnto the third part: then straine it and make the iuyce of that decoction sweet with sugar, then minister. ℥.iiij. therof in the morning. If this do not sufficientlie purge, you may dissolue therin. ʒ.ij. of diasenae. Also the infusion of Epithimum is maruelously good, being made thus. ℞. Epithi∣mum. ℥.ss. infuse it .24. houres in. ℥.iiij. of whay made of goates milke,* 1.248 then straine it & wring it hard and minister it in the morning. Also the infusion of the leaues of sene, is good which may be thus made. ℞. leaues of sene. ℥.ij. prunes damascene. in numero .xij. bray them and infuse them in whay of goates milke 24. houres, thē straine it & presse it, and let it be drunke in the morning.* 1.249 Also it is lawfull to vse this powder. ℞. Epithimum. ℥.ss. lapis armenius, aga∣ricke. ana. ℥.ij. scamony preparate. ʒ.j. cloues in numero. 20. beat them all into powder, and minister euery weeke. ʒ.j. or. ʒ.j.ss. Also it is good to mollifie the belly with whay, but let it not be that which is strained out of chease: for that is better which is separate from the milke by some decoction, and let them vse it, vntill the belly begin to be soluble, you may commixe it with honie. Also it is good a few dayes after the purgation to vse clisters, and let them be such as this is.* 1.250 ℞. fumetory, hoppes, tyme. ana. M.j. Epithimum. M.ss. sene, po∣lipody. ana. ʒ.vj. cartami. ℥.ss. seedes of Annise, fennell, ammeos, comyn. ana. ʒ.ij, seeth all in

water vntill the third parte. Take of the Iuice of that decoction lb. 1. Casia fistularis newly drawen. ℥.j. diasena. ℥.ss. oiles of violettes and cāmomill. ana. ℥.j.ss. cōmon salt. ʒ.j.ss. cōmixe thē all and make a clister. Moreouer if the disease be caused throughe the stopping of Emeroides or menstruis, then we must minister medicines which will driue awaye the hea∣uines of the mynde, restore strength, and engender gladdnesse, as is conserues of Borage, en∣dyue, violettes, roses, anthos, laetificans Galeni Dianthon, and such like. Also by no meanes, you maye forgett the vsing of Bathes of swete water.* 1.251 Also you must applye strong Embro∣chae to moisten the head as this. ℞. mallowes, althae, vyolettes. ana. M.j.ss. cāmomill, stae∣chados. ana. M.j. floures of water lillyes. M.ss. seades of lettuce. ʒ.j. seedes of scarioll. ʒ.j.ss. boile them all in iust quantity of water, and sprinckle the head being shauen with the Iuice of that decoction. After that sort it is good to vse vnctions of oiles, of violettes, water lillies, and such like. Last of all the sicke must labour that the false and wicked imaginacions, and great sadnes may be driuen away by all meanes that can be inuented.* 1.252 But yf the greife be caused throughe disease in the sydes, they must continually vse to drincke decoction of penyroiall, not only before purgations, but also after them, and likewise decoction of cen∣torye. Afterward also minister continually decoction of wormewood,* 1.253 for it is profitable to the stomake, and it letteth ingendring of wind in the belly, nor it doth not asswage the belly extremely, but it prouoketh vrine, and causeth good digestion, so that many be healed by this only remedie. Also you must minister these thinges that prouoke vrine, as anyse, dancus,* 1.254 asarum, smirinon, the seed and roote of wild fennell, and germaunder, let the water of the de∣coction of these be ministred, and minister the powder of them strewed in drincke. Also it is good that the phisition loke to the cure of the sides. Therfore nourish them with decoction of rewe, dill, wormewood, penyroiall, seed of Agnus castus,, laurell bearies, sauerie,* 1.255 mugwort and such like. These do case paine and driue away inflammation, especially if they be sod∣den in oyle and applied to the greif like a plaister. Against windines in the stomake with pricking, nourish the stomake with comyn, penyroiall and vineger sodden together,* 1.256 & make emplaisters of annyse seedes, apium, comyn, smirinum, and such like, sodden in oile, and suffer the plaister to ly still a good while aswell before meat as after it. And when the plaister is taken away, couer the sides largely with woll, or with a light lambes skin, the place being first annointed with oleum nardinum. Also you must apply cupping glasses lightly without scarification. To those with whome this disease hath taried long,* 1.257 purging by vomittes is a present remedie. But you may not vse strōg vomittes, for they be malicious to the stomake, and cause greif in the belly. Therfore prouoke vomit with hote water commixed with oxi∣mell. But if the sicke cannot vomit by this meanes, thē prouoke it by putting a fether or ther finger into the mouth.* 1.258 Also the only vomit made with Eleborus albus is good for thē being made after this sort. ℞. Eleborus albus. ʒ.j. cut in small peeces, and put them in a great ra∣dish roote, and after iij. dayes take out the Eleborus, and then stamp and wring out the iuyce of the radish, take of that iuyce. ʒ.vj. hote water. ℥.iiij. oximell. ℥.j. commixe them and mini∣ster it all at once to the sicke warme. This hath bene proued to be very qood. ℞. stibium, x. or xij. gra. made in fine powder and put the pouder into. 4. sponefull of muskedelle, or malmsey and let it stand .ij. dayes, and let it be shaked. 3. times on the day, and when you will minister it, poure it out softely, leauing the powder still in the bottome of the glasse, and giue but the very wine: which is an excellnet thing for this greif: ther be diuers other which I will omit till time more meete and conuenient.

CAP. XXIX. Of trembling and shaking. DE TREMORE.

TREMOR in latin, in English trembling or shaking, it is a disease which is ac∣complished with two sundry mouinges. One is while the member is cōstrai∣ned through heauines and greif to crepe downward. The other, is while the member is caried vpward from his naturall course and facultie.* 1.259 This euill is caused altogether through weaknes of the senowes, which doth plainely de∣clare old age: but pryuatly it commeth of other causes, (that is) of very cold temperature of

nature, cold drink taken out of time or season, specially in feuers. Moreouer the aboundāce of a cold grosse and clammy humour, and much vsing of wyne that is vnmixt and cleere, old age,* 1.260 and feare are causes therof. There need no signes to know nether the euill nor the causes of it, becaus it may be knowen partly by sight, and partly by the paci••nts wordes, and the state of the body.* 1.261 Let the dyet be so ordained that it may be cleen contrary to the causes of the disease, and let his meat be such as will easily be distributed, first Brothes, then Birdes that flie, and tender fishes. Against aboundance of grosse and clammy humours, it is good to vse those things which haue power to deuide, extenuate, and cut, but he must wholy e∣schew all things, which do hurt the senowes, & cheifly the drinking of wyne that is vnmixt. He must drinck wine alaied with water,* 1.262 or hidromell, or ale. For the cure they which do trem∣ble or shake through some manifest errour, they must altogether abstaine from things that be hurtfull. They therfore that tremble through drinking of wine, vntill they be cleane deli∣uered of the disease, let them drinck in the meane while hidromell with the decoction of sage, and Betony. If the shaking come of cold and grosse humors, then minister the cure which is ascribed for the palsey and the cramp comming of fulnes: (letting of bloud only excepted). You must annoint the outward parts of the body with oiles that will heat, and couer it with soft woll. Then fasten cupping glasses without scarification from the first shutting of the iointes,* 1.263 which may be drawen to the outward part of the skin, and so therby humours may the easilier be discussed and driuen away. Also it is good for the sicke to drinck daylie fiue graines of pepper with. ℥.j.ss. of Mulsa. There be moreouer certaine other simple medicines, which being taken doth help trembling, (that is) Castoreum, roote of Althea, decoction of Egrimony,* 1.264 and the brain of an Hare. But what need many wordes, for the medicines & spe∣cially the ointments which are prescribed in the cure of the palsey are to be vsed as remedies against this disease.

CAP. XXX.

I THOVGHT it good in respect of the vvorthynes of the member, and the many fold diseases to the vvhich it is subiect, to subnecte the discours of the eye, vvith the remedies of the infir∣mities, vvhich by experience I haue found incident vnto it: And the multiplicitie of it is so great, that the treatise therof stret∣cheth beyond the boundes of other ordinary Chapiters. But (as I hope) the Reader vvill not account it as tedious, becaus of the plea∣santnes and necessitie of the discours, though it be somevvhat long: for God hath as it vvere packed and bestovved an infinite varietie of maruels in one litle round subiect, vvhich if it be consumed and distributed into his partes, and according to the dignitie of euery one sufficiently treated of, (I suppose) it vvould fill a great volume, and require both an exquisite Philosopher to conceaue a right of it, and an excellent Orator, might seeme also necessary to lay abroad at length such secret and vvonder full notions. But the eye vvhich is vvont vvith curious inspection to prye into all other thinges, and to find out the nature and order of them, hath bene vnable to vnfolde his ovvn vvonderfull constitution, and hath bene alvvaye blind in iudging of it self, and inforeseing the dis∣commodities vvhich attend vpon it, or in curing them vvhen they haue laid hold of it. For mine ovvn part I vvill not promise any absolute vvorke, but as learned Phisitians haue thought of it, and (as I my self haue by experience learned) so I vvill frame and fasshion my Treatise. An eye therfore is a member, round, vvhole and hard, as the Ball of a foote, as the scoured nevve Bason, full of cleare vvater, set in the vvell of the head to minister light to the body by the influence of the visible Spirits, sent from the phantasticall Cell by a senovve, that is called Neruus opticus, vvith the helpe of a

greater light ministred from vvithout, and very fitly is the place, vvhere the eye is set, called the Well of the head, for the aboundance of vvatery humours and teares, vvhich often do issue out therof, sometime of sorovv and heauines of the hart, sometime of ioy and gladnes, and sometime of the aboundance of vvaterie humours caused of fri∣giditie and coldnes, and thus haue the Phisitians described the Eye: It shall not be vnne∣cessarie also to distribute it into his parts, & therfore (as Iohannicus saith) the eye hath seuen coates, vvhich they call Tunicae, four colours, and three humours. But his opinion cōcerning the tunicles by sundrie Anathomistes haue bene euicted, making but onlie six: yea and some ther be, that (svvaruing frō the most receaued opinion) haue made roume for a coniecture of their ovvne as they thinck by reason excluding all those ouercurious diuisions, (namelie, Iris, Cornea, Aranea, and Vuea, and the residue) and imagine but onlie tvvo coates, the one vvherof they terme Saluatrix, because it saueth and keepeth the humours and the second they terme discolorata (that is, hauing no colour) and they maintaine that in the eye it self there is no colour, but that vvhich is caused of the Chri∣stalline humour, vvhich if it be planted verie neare to the tunicles, then the eye seemeth of no colour, if it lye deepe vvithin, it deferreth three visible colours vnto the behoul∣der, and (as they say) the diuers placing of this Christalline humour begetteth the varie∣tie of colours in sundrie eyes, vvhich gaue our Anathomistes matter to deuise their di∣stributiōs, vvhile they referred the colour to the nature of the tunicle, vvhich (in deed) is to be imputed to the humours. For mine ovvne iudgement if it be lavvfull to iudge in so intricate a cause, (I thinke) I could very vvell maintaine, that the humours be the causers of the diuersitie of the colours, though our blind Anathomistes do impugne in their common bookes. But I haue taken vpon me, rather to cure the malady of the eye, then to define the nature of it, although this litle Praeludium vvill not seeme altoge∣ther vnnecessary.

CAP. XXXI. Of a Cataract.

A CATARACT is a corrupt water, congeled like a corde, ingendred of the hu∣mours of the eye, distempered betwixt the tunicles, and set before the sight of the eye and the Christalline humour.* 1.265 Of these maner of Cataractes be se∣uen diuers spices or kyndes, wherof four be curable, and three be vncurable. The first kind of the curable Cataract, is light, right, bright, like white chalke, or as Alabaster well polished, and it is caused by a stroke in the eye either with a sticke or a [ 1] stone, or any other outward violence. The second kynd is somewhat white, and much like [ 2] to a Caelestiall colour, and this procedeth from the stomache, and is commonly caused of vn∣holsome meates, and vnkind nourishment, wherof a grosse fumositie resolueth, and ascen∣deth vp into the brain, and from thence falleth downe into the eyes. The third kind is also whitish, but it turneth into the colour of ashes, and is cōmonly engendred of paine in the [ 3] head, as of the Mygrime, or such like diseases, and it is caused sometime of great sorrow and great heauines, whereof commeth immoderate weeping, and sometime of much cold and much watching, & such other like. The fourth spice is of a Cytrine colour, and is commonly engenderd of excessiue meat and drincke indigest, and also of great labour, and sometime [ 4] of the humour Melancholicke. These are the four curable kindes, but they be neuer healed till they be growen and cōfirmed, and the signe or token of their full perfection is, when the patient seeth right nought, vnlesse it be the brightnes of the Sunne by day light, or the light of the Moone by night. Many ignorant persons, nether knowing the cause, nor the pro∣perties of these maner of cataractes, haue assayed to cure them with purgations, powders, and plaisters, but they haue bene deceiued: for nether inward medicines, nor outward reme∣dies can any whit preuaile, vnlesse you ioyne to them Artem acuariam, the Art of the Nedle:

which, because it is vnknowen to many of our practicioners, I will insert a discourse of it in this treatise. Neuerthelesse, before you vse the nedle, it is requisite that the braine should be purged with pilulae lerosolymi ana, which you shal make thus. ℞. Turbith. ℥.j. Aloes hepaticke. ʒ.ss. maces, quibibes, masticke, and saffron. ana. ʒ.j. and beat them to pouder altogether, and confect them with the iuyce of Roses, and make pilles thereof: and this purgation must be ministred the daye before you trye with the needle. And on the next daye, while the disea∣sed party is fasting, about nyne of the clocke, cause him to sitte ouerthwarte a stoole in ry∣ding fashion, and plante your selfe lykewise on the same stoole face to face against him, and bidde him, hold his sound eye closle shutte. Encourage him also, and exhort him to be pa∣tient, for the tractabilitie of him maketh much to the conuenient dispatche of your labour. Then with your left hand lifte vp the ouer eyelidde, and with your other hand putte in the needle made therfore, on the side furthest from the nose: and subtillie thirle the tunicle sal∣uatrice, writhing alwayes your fingers too and froe, till you touch the corrupt water (which is the cataract) with the point of the needle; and thē begin by litle and litle to remoue that water from before the sight to the corner of the eye, and there keep it with the point of your needle,* 1.266 the space of three minutes of an houre, and then remoue your needle easilie from it. And if it happen that it riseth vp againe, bring it backe the seconde time. But this caution you must be sure to haue, that when the needle hath touched the cataracte; you doe not writh it about with your fingers too and froe, till it be set in his place before named, but that you gentlie drawe it thither: and when you haue brought it thither, thirle the needle a∣bout, till it hath gathered the water about it, and then pull it out. (this done) Cause him to shutte his eye, and apply therto a plaister of flaxe and the white of an egge, and cause him to lye in his bedde nyne dayes together, remouing the plaister three times on the daye, and three times on the night without any other stirring of it. Prouided, that he lye in a verye darke place, and let his dyet be thinne, as rere egges and white bread. And if he be young and lustie, let his drinke be water, but if his body be weake, let him drinck wyne well lym∣phate. For truly much nourishment would preiudice our cure by ingendring much bloud in the eye, which is verie hurtfull nowe in the beginning of the healing it. (The nynth daye being passed let him ryse and washe his eye well with faier cold water, and he shall enioye his sight by the helpe of God, euen as he did before, although some one of the cataractes be fayrer healed then the other, as namelye the seconde kynde and the fourth kynde: but that which is caused by a strype, (thoughe the water be with more ease extracted) yet the eye neuer recouereth his clearnes of sight againe, because it is greatlye bruised and troubled by the force of the stroke. And the third kynde alsoe, thoughe it be soone restored to his olde perfection, yet it abydeth not long therein, vnlesse it be continued as well by good dyet, as alsoe by this electuarie, which is called Diaolibanum solarimitanum, which is thus confected. ℞. of cloues. ℥.ij. nutmegges of India, & saffron. ana. ʒ.j.ss. and of good Castoreum. ʒ.j. Let all these be beaten into pouder and searced, and confect that pouder with clarified honye, and let the patient receiue of this electuarie in the morning fasting the quantitie of a chestnutte, or walnutte, and at euening to bedward as muche. And let him vse digestiue nourishing meates, which ingender good bloud, but let him beware of beif and goates flesh, and Eeles, and rawe onyons, for they ar oftentimes vsed to rypen the cataract, which must be done before you striue with it. In winter, let the patient drincke hote wines, in the which let him infuse Sage and Rewe. Let him alsoe absteine from the companie of women, nether let him frequent common bathes, for euerie strong fume hurteth him greatlie. The aforesaid electu∣arie of Diaolibanum is good to drye teares. It auaileth alsoe against all maner of payne of the migrime which proceedeth of fleume. After this sorte are all the curable cataractes healed, (I meane) by the needle, which must be made of golde, siluer, or of cleane Spannishe lattine: for Iron, or Steele are britle and frangible. And if the cataracte should proue hard in draw∣ing downe, the point might easilie breake, which, if it should abyde in the eye, it would in time consume the eye through aboundance of teares and greatnes of paine.

CAP. XXXII. Of the three kindes of Cataractes vncurable.

THE first kynd of Cataracts vncurable the Phisitians call Gutta Serena, and the signe of the knowing therof is this, when the pupill of the eye is black and cleare, as though it had no spotte, and the eyes ar alwayes mouing, and they-liddes doe tremble as they were full of quicksiluer. This kynde of cataracte is caused of a corruption in the mothers wombe, and therefore they that haue them, are for the most part borne blinde, and therefore they bestowe their labour in vaine, that assay to cure them, for the Nerues opticke be oppilate and mortified, so that no medi∣cines can preuaile, although many that haue this kinde, do see the light of the Sunne, and the stature of a man euen to their liues end: we call it Gutta serena, because it is engendred of a water that falleth from the braine, of the which truly one litle droppe corrupteth and dissolueth all the humours of the eyes, and stoppeth the hollow neruies and senowes, so that the visible spirites may no more passe through them. The second cataract incurable is that which appeareth in the eye of a greene colour, like water standing in watery places, not much moued, nor remoued: this is the most daungerous kynde of all, if ther be any degrees in them, and it is procured by the ouermuch coldnes of the braine, and with great buffeting and beating about the head, with great fasting, and such other like. The third vncurable Cataract is, when the pupill of the eye is dilated and spread so farre, that no circles may be seene within the tunicles of the eyes, and the eye seemeth all blacke, or els all white. And thus are the three kyndes of Cataractes vncurable distinguished and knowen: which will forbidde the practicioners to deale with them.

CAP. XXXIII. Of diseases which chaunce to the eyes, by bloud, choler, fleume, or melancholy, and of their cures.

NOW after the descriptions of Cataracts, and the number of them which be curable, and which be not, and the curing, and knowledge of the curable and the causes of the vncurable, I will speake of other maladies of the eyes caused and occasioned of the four humours, as bloud, fleume, choler, & me∣lancoly. But first I will treate of bloud, through the aboundance whereof oftētimes there groweth a rednes in the eye, with great burning, and after ward it turneth to great ytche: & this disease maketh the heare of the eyeliddes to fall away and of many it leaueth not one hear, and if this maladie be not cured within one yere, it will make the eyeliddes to turne vp, and make the patient bleareyed. But before it commeth to that extremitie, it may be cured by this colliry, which they call Collirium Ierosolymitanum, which is made in this wise. ℞. Tu••ty of Alexander. ℥.j. and beate it into small pouder, & tem∣per it well with two poundes of white wyne, (that is) a quart, and put therto. ℥.j. of dry roses, and boile it with a soking fire, till the wyne be half wasted, and then clense it through a lin∣nen cloth, and keepe it in a viall glasse, and morning and euening put some of it into the eye, and if it be takē betimes, the patient shalbe cured within a weeke or two at the most. Neuer∣thelesse before you apply this colliry, it shalbe good, if the patient be yong, to let him bloud on the veyne, that is on the middest of the forhead, or, if he be aged, to purge his brain with these pilles. ℞. of the best aloes, red Sanders, Esula, and rewbarbe. ana. ℥.ss. Turbith, Cataputia minor and Agaricke. ana. ʒ.ij. confect them with the iuyce of mugworte, and mi∣nister to the patient according to his strength. And truly these pilles are not only good for the ytche of the eyes, but alsoe for all maner of ytche or scabbe, of what humour soeuer it be caused. There be other diseases alsoe of the eye engendred of bloud, as the ophthal∣my and pannicles; And these kyndes of infirmities are tyed to the season of the year,

for they commonly happen about the end of August, and so foorth to the end of September and the rather then, because they proceed of the eating of the varietie of fruictes. The Oph∣thalmy is thus described: An Ophthalmy is a corrupt bloud ingendred of hote humours, and commonly, it standeth and appeareth in the white of the eyes, and round about the tuni∣cles and blaknes of the eye, and it procedeth of immoderat sorrow & burning, and of aboū∣dāce of teares, which causeth the eyes to swell and make them so bolne, that from that time, forth the patient may take no rest nor sleepe, for euer it seemeth to him, that his eyes are full of grauell, or of thornes, or of smoke. In this kind of infirmitie it is good to vse this powder, which many, (in respect of the notable vertue therof) do call Puluis benedictus, which is thus made. ℞. white sarcocall, and beate it to verie fine pouder, and fill the patientes eye with it, and lett him ly with it wide open till the pouder be consumed, and in the meane time make a plaister of flexenherdes, and wash it well in cold water, which (when you haue dreined out in your hand) lay it on the patient his eye, which he shall still kepe open, and it will procure him to take his rest verie well. Many ignorant practicioners, while they haue endeuoured to cure this infirmitie with many impertinent medicines, haue added sorrow to sorrow, and haue brought the eye without his liddes, & so made it vncurable, which by the aforsaid pou∣der might easilie haue bene healed. And note that there be som which by the occasion of the Ophthalmy are greatly troubled in their eyes, and haue them fumous & mistie, which pro∣ceedeth of euill keeping, or becaus they eate contrarie meates. Nowe if suche happen, the braine must be purged with these pilles. ℞. polipody, Esulae, Mirabolani citrini, and rewbarbe. ana. ℥.j. masticke Quybibes, Saffron, Spiknard, nux Indiae, Cynamon. ana. ʒ.j. Confect them with milke or iuice of Quinces, and minister to the sicke according to his strength, and after this purgatiō giue him morning & euening of the Electuarie of Diaolibanum solarimitanum as before. And morouer put into his eye a pouder called Puluis Nabetis, the making wherof, we will shew in the cure of the third Pannicle; But this must be done only in the morning & euening, put in his eye the pouder called Puluis Alexandrius as before, and this do till the patient hath recouered his health, keeping him in the meane time from hurtfull meates.

CAP. XXXIIII. Of Pannicles.

THE pannicles haue the same cause that the Ophthalmy hath, (that is to say) superfluitie of bloud.* 1.267 Sometime they are engendred of euill keeping, and sometime by great paines in the head, as the Migrime, where the extremitie of paine ascending into the temples and so into the browes, maketh the vaines to beate,* 1.268 by which painfull beating the eyes are troubled. There are four kind of pannacles: the first is, when vpon the tunicle saluatrice there [ 1] groweth a litle pearle, like the seede or graine of a corne called in latin millium. The second [ 2] is when it appeareth in the aforesaid tunicle in the likenes of a spot or freckle of the face, or [ 3] like the scale of a fish. The third appeareth on the one side of the eye, like as it were a flake [ 4] of snowe when it snoweth. The fourth is, when all the eye appeareth white, and then no blaknes, nether of the tunicle, nether of the light appeareth. The first pannicle is nether cu∣red with laxatiues, nor pouders, nor colliries, nor electuaries, nor yet with cauteries, for any of these (if they be ministred) do annoy rather then help: But you shall make this precious ointment for the cure of it, which of many practicioners is proued to be of great credit. ℞. fourtie tender Crops of the Bramble, and stampe them small, and a good handfull of Rewe, pouder of Alabaster. lb.ss. pouder of fennell seede. ℥.ss. oile of Roses. lb.j. all these incorpo∣rate wel together, put into a new earthē pot with a quart of new white wyne, & to all these put. ℥.iiij. of dry floures of cammomill, and of waxe. ℥.j. and then set the pot on the fire and let it boile with an easie fire, till the wyne be consumed, so far forth that it seemeth to frye in & then put therto the whits of six egges, & all waies stirre it well, till it be incorporated toge∣ther, and then strain it through a faier linnē cloth: with this oyntmēt thus made, annoint the tēples of the patiēt, and the forhead down to the browes, and it will cure this kind of pānicle.

This ointment is not only tied, to this care, but it hath many vertues: som of the which, I wil expresse, though it be impertinent to this discourse. It is verie good against a greene wound for it both purgeth & clenseth it. It is good against the tooth ache or paine in the gummes, if the cheeke be annointed therwith. It is good against the paine in the matrice, if it be ea∣ten like an electuarie. It is good for them also who are molested in excesse, if their stomach be annointed, and their feete together with their handes. It auaileth against the migrime, and generally for euerie paine of the eyes, if the patient be annointed therwith vpon the temples as before. The second pannicle must be cured at the very beginning, for if it be in∣carnate and hardened vpon the tunicle, it may not by any subtilitie be remoued (the tunicle saued) and therfore it is not safe to aduenture to cure it, when by cōtinuance of time, it hath vnited it self with the saluatrice. But at the first you shall cure it thus: first make a cautery in the temples with a round cautery, (as shalbe shewed afterward whē I speak of cauteries) For fire dissolueth and consumeth the pannicle, and so keepeth it from vniting and incarna∣ting with the tunicle, and maketh the eye fitte to be clarified with this medicine following. Whē the eye is cauterized, put into the eye some of the pouder called Puluis Nabetus (which I will teach afterward) and while he lieth with this pouder in his eye, take four crabbes, and rost them vnder the Embres very well, and then take them, and being pilled and cored, in∣corporate them with the white of an egge in maner of an ointment, and lay it vpon a cleane flexin herde, and bind it to the eye with a linnen band, and so renew this plaister morning & euening till you haue absolued your cure. Like as bloud begetteth many infirmities of the eye, as namely Ophthalmies and Pannicles:* 1.269 So likewise many maladies are ingendred of fleume, but the most notable are four, the first is procured by ouer aboundance of teares, wherby the ouer eyeliddes are so softened and mollified, that within their growe heares, which pricke the ball of the eye continually, as though ther were Hogges bristles: which [ 1] heares then tho many bolde Chirurgians haue plucked out, and so for a time eased them: yet afterward (the heares being hardened with plucking out) do gall them farr worse then be∣fore, & so in the end the patiēt being destitute of any other aide, leeseth his sight, (the heares fretting and consuming the substance of his eye). But in deed the best way, which as yet ex∣perience hath found out to cure that malady is this: Take two needles of the length of the li••tle finger, and put a thread through the eyes of both of them, and bind them well toge∣ther at both the endes, then with your fingers lift vp the ouer eyelidde, and with these nee∣dles take of the lether where these heares grow, that the patient may shut and open his eye, and let the needles hange, till they fall away together with the leather which was betweene them: which done, you shall put no medicine in the wound, for it will heale of itself: But if any pannicle be engendred in the eye by reason of the vehemēcie of the paine, it shalbe cu∣red by Puluis Nabetus put into the eye twyse a day, till such time, as they be clarified & hea∣led. And this pouder is made of Sugar Candy of Alexandria, which pouder is very auailable against many sicknesses of the eye. The second infirmitie which happeneth to the eye by [ 2] fleume, is when the eyes appeare troubled and full of veynes, so closed with a pannicle that the patēit cannot well see, nor discern any thing, & this siknes is called pannicū vitreū which is thus cured: first cause his head to be shauē, & thē cauterise him with a roūd cautery in the soft of his head, and with a long cautery in his tēples, (which so done,) put into his eyes the pouder of Cādy once in the day, til that he hath receaued again his full sight, and twise in the moneth purge him with the pilles called Pillulae Ierosolomitanae, and at his going to bed let him receiue of the electuarie called Diaolibanum solarimitanum till he be hole. The third in∣firmitie [ 3] caused by fleume is, when the eye appeareth carnous or fleshie, the which carnosity (if it be waxed hard by the space of a yeare or two) giueth place to no medicine. But in the beginning cauteries (in that maner that I prescribed them before) will heale it, so that after cauterizing you very warely cut away all the carnositie with a sharp Rasour, without offen∣ding the tunicle Saluatrice, which when you haue done, fill the eye full of pouder of Candy, and then cause the patient to shutte his eye, and then lay to it a plaister of flaxe of the white of an egge, and chaunge the plaister twise on the day xv dayes, and after xv dayes, make this plaister. ℞. a handfull of Cardus benedictus, & stampe it well, and mingle it with halfe the white of an egge, and so make a plaister with flexen herdes, & lay it vpon the eye, remouing

it twise on the day, and after thre dayes leaue all plaisters, and let the patiently with his eye open, and euerie day in the morning put into his eye the pouder called Puluis benedictus, & at euening the pouder of Candy till he be perfectly hole: in the meane time let him absteine [ 4] from eales, onyons, Beyfe, and all such meates. The fourth maladie caused of fleume is, when the eye appeareth all bolne, and alwayes sheadeth teares, so that the patient may not o∣pen his eyes by reason of the heauines of the eyeliddes, for there is a fatnes on the ouer eye lidde, which troubleth the eye very much, and this disease is called the scab of the eye, and it proceedeth from superaboundāce of salt fleume, the cure of it is this: you shall first purge the stomach and braine of the patient with this receipt: ℞. Turbith of the best Aloës & rew∣barbe. ana. ℥.j. then take of the iuyce of the roote of walwoorte. lb.j. and the aforsaid things being beaten and resolued in the said iuyce, let it stād all night, and in the morning clense it, and let the patient take therof a good quantitie, and the next day subtillie with your Rasour pare away the aforsaid fatnes, euen from the one lachrimall to the other, (which done) lay on a plaister of herdes & the white of an egge 9. dayes after (euery day chaunging the plai∣ster twise,) and then let the patient ly with his eye open, and put into it of the Collirie called Collirium Alexandrinum, which is taught before in the cure of the third pannicle, and that wil heale it very well. I haue hard that women did rubbe away that fatnes with sugar, but it re∣turned againe afterward, though for a time they were eased. There is an Electuarie, very a∣uailable against these teares: which is thus made. ℞. Olibanum castoreum, Nutmegges, Nux Indi••, Cloues, Quibbybes. ana. ℥.j. leaues of Laurell, Spickenard, Saffron, and Cardamomum ana. ʒ.ij. seades of dill, Smaladge, basilicon, Alysaunder, anyse, fennell, foure seades of hen∣bane, white poppy, muske, and Champher. ana. ʒ.j. all these must be beaten together to pou¦der sauing the olibanum, which must be boiled with clarified hony till it be molten, & then poure it in to a faier large wodden platter together with the pouder before made, and incor∣porate them together by often stirring, and let it abide in the platter still, and when you will minister it, giue as much as a Chestnutte at the patientes going to bed. It destroieth the teares, together with the fleume, it warmeth the Braine, it driueth away the paine of the mi∣grime, it openeth the eyes, relieueth the eyeliddes, & clarifieth the sight. It is good for them that haue the goute and the palsey, and for them that haue an impediment in their speache.

CAP. XXXV. Of the maladies in the eye proceeding of choler.

TWo kindes of greifs are incident to the eyes by choler: the first wherof is that which is caused by aboundance of choler in the stomach, from whēce ariseth a corrupt fumositie into the brain, which annoyeth the braine, and troubleth the visible spirits, so that the party thus affected, shall imagine an obiect plan∣ted betweene him and the light in maner of a darke shadowe. We cannot outwardly iudge of this malady, for it hath no euidēt marke either in the eye, or without the eye, but the cause of it abideth in the stomach, which must be taken away by an electuarie mitigatiue and apparatiue, which will aswage the paine, and open the oppilate nerues and senowes, where by the visible spirits may haue free passage: you shall make it thus: ℞. Rew∣barbe, Esulae minoris, redd Saunders, mirabolani citrini. ana. ℥.iiij. the rootes fennell, spynache, bansci, persely, Apij Sicacellae, simory, and maiden heare. ana. M.j. polipody of the Oke. ℥.ij. boile all these rootes in faier water till half the water be wasted, and then clense it, and take the aforesaid spices well beaten, and put them into the aforesaid licour with two poundes of good Sugar, and make therof a Syrupe laxatiue. But you shall boyle it but litle the second time, for the spices will soone lose their vertue, & then clense it againe the second time, and let the patient take of this twise in the weeke. The second infirmitie arising of choler is, when ther appeareth before the tunicle as it were a thinne cloud in a cleare ayer, and this is brought by an euill diet, but it happeneth but to those that be cholericke. For the cure you shall take a Saphire, and breake it in a mortar, and keepe the pouder in a vessel of gold, and once in the day put of this pouder into the patients eye, & he shalbe hole in short time. The same effect hath the gall of a hare dried & beaten into pouder, and so put into the eye.

CAP. XXXVI. Of the infirmities of the eye caused of Melancholy.

OF the humour of Melancholy be ingendred in sundry folkes many and diuers sicknesses by reason of the oppilation of the spirits visible, which commeth by the distemperature of the braine, which is disquieted by the aboundance of me∣lancholy. In these diseases therfore it seemeth to the patient, that there are flies flieng in the ayer, and that there are three or four Moones, and three or four faces, when he beholdeth but one: but these infirmities happen most cōmonly to aged persons, which are melancholy, superfluitie of melanchoy dimming their eyesight. There must not there∣fore any medicine be put into the eye of the patient, but make this electuary mitigatiue and apparatiue, which will open the opilations of the nerues, which did before forclose the way to the visible spirits. The electuarie is thus confected. ℞. the iuyce of lyquorace, eyebright, sileris montani. ana. lb.ss. the seedes of Rew basilicon, Netles that cometh from beyond the Sea, or Cecilian, of fennell, of Alysaunder, of Apium, and of Caraway seed. ana. ℥.ij. masticke, Cloues, Nutmegges, Cynnamon, Quibybes, gummi, Almoundes, Cerache pomi gummorum A∣ragunton, and Saffron. ana. ℥.ss. kernelles of Quince Apples. ℥.j. all these must be beaten toge∣ther into small pouder well searced, and then you must confect them with good Sugar, and make an electuarie of it, and of this let him receiue morning and euening, till he be healed. It auaileth also against that dimnes of the eyes which cometh by thought and of much hea∣uines, and maketh them to see more cleerely, and of that effect it hath his name (that is) cla∣rificatum oculorum. There is also an other infirmitie which cometh of melancholy, and that is, when the paine sodeinly ascendeth into the eyes, and greeueth so extremely, that it see∣meth to the patient that his eyes would start out: they appeare also most commonly very bolne. Many which are troubled with this kynde of maladie, doe loose their sight altoge∣ther, & many (though ther be some which do see) notwithstanding but very feebly. But the seasonable applying of remedies preuenteth ether discomoditie. Afther this sort then, you shall encounter with this euill. You shall first purge the stomach and the braine with these pilles. ℞. Aloes mirabolani citrini, Turbith, Saunders citrine, and rewbarbe. ana. ℥.ss. Scāmony, mirrhe, saffron, balsamum, masticke, lignum Alo••s, olibanum, white Agaricke, nux Indiae, Iuyce of lyquorace, seed of Apium, Lettuce, succory, basilicon. ana. ʒ.j. Beate all these to pouder, & confect them with the iuyce of Roses, and make pilles of them, and giue the patient after his power. The stomach and the brayne thus purged, lay vpon the eye this plaister. ℞. soure apples or crabbes, and rost them vnder the Embres till they be soft, then core them and pare them, and bruise them well in a mortar, and to four of them putte halfe the white of an egge, and so braye them together till they be well incorporate, and so lay them vpon flexen herds, and morning and euening applye it to the eye, and you shall find that it will doe him muche good: for it both asswageth the swelling, lesseneth the paine, refresheth the sight, and with all these fixeth also the eye in his place. There is another infirmitie also which proceedeth by the aboundance of melancholy, and that they call Vngula: for it is much like the Naile of a finger, sometime it breedeth in the corner of the eye to the earewarde, & so spreadeth ouer the eye, if it be not hindred and resisted betymes: sometime also it happeneth that another vngle ariseth in the other corner, and if they meete, it maketh the cure more vncertaine, yet by headfull skill & discretion it may be healed by the hand: Take therfore a twiche of siluer, and therwith lift vp subtellie the vngle from the tunicle, proceeding to the lachrimall wher it grewe, and there cut it away, and then lay the white of an egge and flexe vpon it .x. dayes together, remouing it twise on the day, and at the end of ten dayes wash his eye with hote water, and put into it Puluis Nabetus before named, till the eye be sufficientlie cleared. Let him absteine from such meates as do feed melancholy. It happeneth also sometime, that the superfluous aboundance of melancholy, seated in the braine, begetteth a drynes in the eye liddes, which afterward turneth to ytching and burning. But this disease is cured by letting the patient bloud vpon the middle veyne in the forehead, and after with vsing this collirye. ℞. fourty tender croppes of the Bramble, and stampe them small, then putte them in a newe earthen vessell together with a quarte of good white wyne, and so boyle them till the halfe

be consumed, and then clense it, and preserue it in a glasse to your vse, and twise in the daye put some of it into your patientes eye, till it be hole. Of the like superfluitie of melancholy groweth somtime a corrupt humour without the eye vpon the lidde, which embolneth all the one side of the face with extreeme paine, but with no offence to the sight of the eye. The signes of this disease are these: it maketh the eyeliddes hard and red, and keepeth the eye so shutte, that the patient may not open it. For the cure of it, you shall take fine flower of old wheate, and yolkes of egges. ana. ℥.j. of saffron. ʒ.j. and stampe them well together with womans milke, till it be as an ointment, then make a plaister of it, and applye it, so that none enter into the eye. You may also vse this: ℞. a lilly roote and crabbes & rost them in the embres, till they be soft, then, taking away the core & the pilles of the crabbes, stampe them both of like quantitie with the whites of egges, and so vse it: On the steppe of the wound, where the sore was, lay this oyntment, that it maye drawe the fleshe together, so that no scarre maye appeare. ℞. Aloes, hennes greace, oyle of bitter Almondes, and white waxe, and incorporate them together into an oyntment and apply it. It is very good in all the diseases of the eyes, to annoynt the temples of the patient, and the forehead with vnguen¦tum Alabastrum before named, for it asswageth the payne and helpeth the other medicines in their operation. It happeneth many times in this infirmitie that the patient his eyeliddes, for want of prouident skill do reuerse, which is a great blemishe. In this case you must sub∣tellie with the Rasour deuide the eyelidde from the wound, and part them with a litle roule made of fine linnen clothe dipped in the white of an egge, which you shall lay betwixt the lidde and the sore .xv. dayes together, chaungeing it daylie, and then make the oyntment of hennes greace and white waxe, and lay of it vpon the roule, and it will consume the wound, so that there shall appeare no Cicatrice. The like cure you shall vse, when the reuersement of the eyeliddes is caused of superfluitie of bloud. Of the melancholike humour ther is also engendred in many men a sicknes, which groweth between the nose and the eye, and it ap∣peareth like a peece of lung or light. It is grauelly, and auoideth out alwayes filth. This sore is called vulgalpus. For the cure of it, you shall only take a twiche, and lifte the sore vp subtelly, and with the point of a Rasour cutte vp the sore by the roote, and cauterize it with a hote yron, and vse the oyntment before rehearsed, which they call vnguentum subtile, that is hennes greace and white waxe, and annoynt the place with it, till it be hole.

CAP. XXXVII. Of diseases happening to the eye by outward causes, as by blowes, with stickes, staues, or stones.

THE only thing generallie, that you shall vse when the eye is smitten, is the white of an egge and flexen herdes to the which God hath giuen three espe∣ciall properties. The first is to asswage the paine. The seconde to purifie and cleere the sight. The third is to lette and keepe away all superfluous humours which otherwise would fall into the eye. You shall remoue it four times in the day, and twise in the night, by the space of xv. dayes together, annoynting in the meane time the temples of the patient with the ointment of Alabaster, which, as I told you before, was an adiuuant and aide to all medicines. Now after the xv. dayes be exspired, if you shall perceiue the tunicle saluatrice to be hurt and broken, you shall then take xij. streines of the newe laid egges of white hennes, and put them in a mortar, labouring them with the pestill, till they be vnited in maner of an oyntment, and so reserue it in a glasse, and twise in the day and once in the night put a litle of it into the eye, and it wil knit together, and make so nude againe the tunicle if it be broken or hurt: after this maner I haue cured many woundes in the eye which haue seemed dangerous, and vncurable to the ignorant beholder. But sometime it will happen, that through the force of the blowe, ther will growe a cataract, and then in the beginning the tunicle must be saued by this forenamed prescript, and the cata∣ract must growe without let to his full perfection, and so be healed by the needle. Some vn∣skilfull practicioners vse to lay a plaister made of waxe and cōmyn to the eye, if it be smittē,

and other some vse olibanum and woormewood, but both those and all such like hote oynt∣ments are passing euill because they consume and wast the substance of the eye. It follow∣eth now that I speak of watery eyes & of corrupt humours like teares, which the Phisitians call fistoles, to discerne betweene the fistula and the watery profluence of teares. You shall therfore vse this skill: Laye your▪ forefinger betweene the nose and the corner of the eye, and straining the place a litle, if it be a fistula, you shall see the mater of it runne out at the points of the eyeliddes; but if none appeare, then iudge it to be a watery humour. Manye boisterus fellowes, (seing the place of the issue of the fistula) haue vsed to cauterize it with a hote yron, thinking by that meanes to haue dryed vp the mater, which in deed they haue done, but they haue destroyed the sight, & deformed also the place. This therefore is the su∣rest way or course that you can take, to cure the fistula. First purge the paciēt his stomak with Pilles of Ierusalem, & then with the point of a rasour you shall make a litle incision betwixt the nether eyelidde and the nose so discretely that the lidde be not touched: and this Inci∣sion shalbe throughout the skinne in long wyse, and into the same put in the grain of a fiche binding it on with a litle pillowe of linnē, & so let it lye till the next day: thē remoueing the fich, you shall in the hole wher it lay, put in a litle of som pouder Corrasiue. After the pouder is put in, lay a plaister of flexē herdes, & the white of an egge (the patiēt always shutting his eye for feare of the pouder) In the morning after, you shall applye nothing but clean swynes grece, till the mortified flesh be raised, & whē it is raised & remoued put in a peice of a spūge as much as the fich, in the hole which the pouder made, & it wil purge the drines of the woūd & whē you shall perceiue it throughly dried, leaue the spunge, & bind nothing to it els but fayer drye linte of linnen till the patient be hole. Now concerning the teares, they issue out of the eyeliddes both the vpper and the neither: but there is difference betweene the causes of ther issuing frō both places: for they which procead from the nether eye lidde, come from the hart, by reason of sorrowe, dread, or smart, or they be caused by som maner of violence but the teares which flowe out of the hole of the ouer eyelidde, procead from the brain by reason of corruption and aboundance of humours, and there course ceaseth not, vnlesse the mater be purged with electuaries and cauteries, as I haue shewed before.

CAP. XXXVIII. Of diseases which come by skipping in of stones or chippes by chaunce into the eyes.

THESE diseases happen especiallie vnto Masons, Millers, Carpenters, Wrightes and Smythes: for if any chyue, chippe or dust skippe into the eye, and through negligence be left behinde, it will incarnate vpon the tunicle saluatrice, and then can you not cure the eye, but by remouing and drawing the said chiue, which you shall do with your needle, deuiding it cunningly from the tunicle. And if it happeneth that there be any pitte in the place, where it lay, by reason that it abode long time therin: then put into the eye the streyns of egges, ordered, as I declared before, twise in the day and once in the night, and vpon the eye lay a plaister of flexe, and the white of an egge, and within thre dayes it will heale the party diseased. And after this sort you shall also remoue the hawe in the eye. But you shall in drawing out the hawe, binde two needles fast together at the toppe, and so take the hawe betweene the two pointes, and so easilie rewling the needles, bring it away. Sometime it happeneth that the eye is stung with the Bea or waspe, or some other venymous thing, or blasted with an infected ayer: and if any of these happen, the eye is much disquieted and grieued, so that the patient may take no rest, and it bolneth vp that he may not see. The only cure for suche & the like accidentes is this, as I haue by experience often tried. Take a handfull of Cardus benedictus, and stampe it small, and temper it well with half the white of an egge, & therwith make a plaister laying it on flexen herdes, binding it hard to the eye, where it shall lye till it be dryed, and then ap∣plye another: and so consequentlie vse it till your patient be throughly hole. These quali∣ties this herbe hath: it asswageth swelling, and easeth the paine, destroyeth the venyme, and putteth away bloud from the eyes. This is also a present remedy for the eyes that are

bloudshed, when they burne as though there were grauell in them. And thus much for the especiall discourses of sundry diseases, which do most commonly bend to that litle member, the eye, together with their particular cures.

CAP. XXXIX. Of paine in the eares. DE AVRIƲM DOLORE.

PAINE in the eares is caused to some through cold takē in iourneying by cold wyndes.* 1.270 Also sometime it is caused of cold bathes and medicinable waters. Also it chaunceth to many through hote distempure. Sometime of inflamma∣tion. And like as inflammation by stretching out the partes that be inflamed, engendreth payne: Euen so a windy vapour, or a humour grosse and clammy, for lacke of passage causeth paine. Also humours that be byting, and like whay and matter, do cause payne in the eares: Payne in the eares caused of cold, is soon knowen by the pati∣ents wordes, and because that there is continuallie great payne without heauines, or, disten∣sion,* 1.271 or burning. The paine which is caused of hote distempure is knowen, in that there is felt paine and heate without heauines of bolning. But if heauines, distension, and beating heate & paine be felt in the head, thē the pain in the eare is caused of inflāmation. Only dist∣ensiō without heauines declareth a windy vapour, which cannot find passage out. If ther be heauines in the head & the hearing: the pain is caused of grosse & clāmy humours. If the pain be caused only of cold,* 1.272 it will soon be cured by hote remedies: that is, with oyle of rewe, lau∣rell, Narde, Dill, lillies, of Euphorbium, and Spike. Also if you seeth rewe, and common oyle or pepper, or Castoreum, it is a good remedie. Also oyle in which Garlicke is sodden; or an o∣nyon, dropped into the eares is maruellously good. There be some that doe cut out the core of a great oynion, thē they fill it with oyle, and they heate it meanly in hote embers, & poure it into the eares, when it is strongly strained. Also a very litle Euphorbium commixed with much old oyle,* 1.273 is much commended of Galene. Whatsoeuer you do minister, let it be mini∣stred hote. But when some medicinable water is continued in the passage of hearing, you must continually poure in oyle that is very thinne that it may be washed: then wype it with soft woll, and againe poure in more. The white of an egge mitigateth the paine very much. Also womans milke. Also goose grease profiteth much, likewise foxes grease. But to drawe out plenty of water, nothing is better then to sucke and drawe it out with a quill or hollowe pipe holden in the mouth.* 1.274 When paine is caused of hote distempure, then oyle of Roses is maruellously good for the head, if it be dropped into the eare, and vinegre and oyle of Roses is good, or the white of an egge, or womans milke, or iuyce of nightshade, or this. ℞. oyle of Roses. ℥.j. Iuyce of nightshade. ʒ.ij. vinegre▪ of Roses. ʒ.j.ss. commix them. If the paine be cau∣sed of inflammation, or grosse and viscous humours, you must vse medicines which doe de∣uide and take away obstructions and stoppings: as be all bitter thinges which purge and clense without Erosion, as is yrisillirica, all kindes of Aristolochia, bitter Almoundes, the roote of ••itisalba, Centory the lesse, polium, and Cynamon. Also oyle of Almoundes & other which doe purge, clense, wype, and vnstoppe the passages without greif. Therfore of those you may make medicines, and droppe thereof into the Eares. Among other also the iuyce of Leekes dropped into the eare warme is good, or iuyce of leekes mixed with hony. If that the payne be caused of inflammation, you must by and by let bloud on the Caephalica vaine, that is on the same side:* 1.275 and with clisters you must pull backe the humours, that do flowe. Afterward you must droppe in oxyrhodinum warme, or gooses grease, or hennes grease with oyle of ro∣ses. But if the inflammation be vehement: then to cease paine droppe warme into the eare the white of an egge with womans milke. Also this medicine is good. ℞. Iuyce of seene greene. ʒ.ij. oyle of roses. ℥.ss. vineger. ʒ.j.ss. commixe them all and drop it into the sore eare. Apply those things outwardly which cease payne, and do digest the matter heaped toge∣ther. If the inflammation be very vehement, it is necessary to vse those thinges which do a∣stony the sense easily, and it is no small daunger, least that the senowe by which the vertue

of hearing, is dispersed in the brain, be hurte thereby. But commixe a very litle Opium with womans milke, and the whyte of an egge. Also temper Opium with Castoreum: there must be of ech a like quantitie, or double as much Castoreum. The licour in which the aforesaid medicins ought to be tempered, being first finelie beaten, must be Sapa:* 1.276 for it doth cease the pain much more then sweete wine. Sapa is newe wine sodden till it come to the third parte. Ther be some that commixe Opium with oile of roses, or violettes, after this sorte. ℞. Opij. ℈.j. oile of roses and violettes. ana. ʒ.j.ss. Also the Antidote Philonium dissolued in womans milke, and dropped in, is good. Without you must nourishe the eare continuallie with com∣mon oile, or with a hote foment, and you must dipp wooll in it, and put it into the eare: but in such wise that it may not touch the places that be troubled with inflammation. But when the pain waxeth old, and turneth to suppuration, and impostumacion, you shall droppe in∣to the eare a medicine of the iuice of line seed only with oile of roses or chammomill mixed with it.

CAP. XXXIX. Of sound or noise in the Eares. DE SONITV AƲRIƲM.

NOYSE and tinckling in the eare,* 1.277 for the most parte is engendred of a windy vapour, or of grosse & clāmy humours. Also many times it is caused through an exquisite tardinesse of the sense of hearing. It is also caused through weakenes of the members, when as it chaunceth in the recouering of a dis∣ease, some humour is taken into the sinowes of the eares. Also it is caused of outward thingS, as of cold, heate, or a blow on the head.* 1.278 If the euill chaunce through outward causes, it is sone knowen by the patientes wordes: now because the noise commeth by litle and litle, or at one time, or suddainly on a heape, that is also conuenient to know the disease by. For if the soundinges doo come, and then rest for a certaine space;* 1.279 it is euident that a windie vapour is shut in, and can not get out, and so causeth sounding, & specially when the sicke hath eaten windie meates. But if such sound in the eares doe not come suddainlie but by litle and litle, and there is felt withall a heauines like a waight: then it declareth the euill to be caused of grosse and viscous humours.* 1.280 For the cure if the sound in the eares be caused of grosse and viscouse humours, or of vapours: in the beginning purg the head with Pilulae Cochiae and such like. But first minister before them potions and medicines which haue vertue to extenuat and deuide. Then you must vse masticatories and sternuta∣mentes. Moreouer you must drop into the eares, oile of bitter almondes, or oile in which Ca∣storeum is brayed. Also let the eare be enclined to the vapour of the water, in the which Stechas, wormewood, maioram, mintes, and origan hath bene sodden. Iuice of rewe,* 1.281 sod∣den in the rinde of a pomegranat is maruelous good. Also Sacculi made of betonie, stecha∣dos, chammomill, maioram, and other thinges a litle before rehersed ar verie good, if they be applied to the eare warme. If the sound in the eare be caused through sharpnesse of the sense of hearing, which is knowen, if when the patient is hungry it encreaseth,* 1.282 and when he is full the noise is lesse. Then you must vse those thinges which do astony the senses, but you must take good head thereof and therfore begin with the easiest, and if need be, proceed afterward to stronger. Oile of roses is only commended with a grain or two of Opium put to it. Galen in this case praiseth iuice of Mandragora and poppy. But if noise in the eares chaunce in feauers, there need no remedy for it, for commonly it goeth away straight. But if it remain after a disease or a paine in the head, then you must nourish the eares with de∣coction of wormwood, pouring in vinegre and oile of roses, or iuice of raddish, with oile of roses, or the best aloēs tempered with mulsa. And if this help it not, vse blacke helleboure braied with vinigre.

CAP XL. Of Deafnes, and slowe hearing. SVRDITAS, ET GRAVIS AVDITVS.

THE eare is so afflicted, that it causeth not only dulnes of hearing: but allso deaf¦nes that one can hear nothing at all. Somtime deafnes beginneth at ons birth Also sometime it chaunceth after we be borne, which doeth chaunce, either through colericke humours steing vpward,* 1.283 or through crude and grosse hu∣mours stopping the hearing. If daefenes come of cholerike humours specially after feuers,* 1.284 then it is wont with suddain incursions to runne to the brain. Also the face and all the estate of the body will shewe a cholericke temperature. But if it come of grosse hu∣mours there is heauinesse of the head, and other tokens be present which shew flegmaticke humours. They which remain deafe from there birth, or also sone after they be born, being perfectlie deafe of a long time, are vncurable, neither doth anie of them euer speake. They that be not alltogither deafe,* 1.285 yet, if it hath long continued, it is very hard to cure. Daefenes which is caused through cholericke humours steying vpward, is sone driuen away by medi∣cines, purging choler. If the deafenesse be engendred of crude and grosse humours, this dul hearing is cured by bloudletting▪ or only by purgation of Hiera and Pilulae cochiae and other such like. But minister before Oximel, and other medicinnes that haue power to deuide grosse and clammy humours. The whole bodie being purged, you must drawe fleume out of the head by Masticatories, sternutaments, and Errhinis. Furthermore they must be dryed and by all meanes strenghned. Also he must vse a bath that floweth of it selfe or salt water. You must put into the eare medicins that deuide and cut grosse and viscous humours, wher∣of ther be many declared in the chapter against sound of the eares. But priuatly iuice of rew, with hony, or Castoreum with oile of dill is good. Also you must vse fomentes, and lean your eare vpon a quill or reede, hauing one end made fit for the eare, & the other for the hole in the couer of the pot being euerie where fast stopped. Let there be in the pot, wormewood, mintes, maioram, origan, stechas or such like sodden in water, that the vapour that commeth from thence, may passe into the course of hearing. Also this medicin dropped into the eare is good. ℞. oile or Castor. ℥.ss. comin seed. ʒ.ij. the pouder of Castoreum. ʒ.j. a great oynion, the core taken out, put in the pouders of Comin and Castor, and put in the oile, and wind it vp in wette papers, and put it in vnder the hote embres, & when it is rosted, strain it hard, & let it be dropped into the eare. Morouer the vapour of vinigre taken with a reed, as is taught before is maruelouslie good.* 1.286 Let ther diet be alltogether thin, and meats of light digestion.

CAP. XLI. Of Jmpostumes breeding in the eares. DE PAROTIDIBVS.

PAROTIDES in greeke be inflamation which are wont to issue out in the ker∣nelles, which be by the eares. It is caused of aboundaunt hote blood which is ether mixed with choler or fleume or melancholie.* 1.287 And sometime it is caused of humors compact in the head, and sometime of the reste of the body by sick∣nesse, & specially by feauers. Parotides which are caused through fulnesse and plenty of hote bloud,* 1.288 they do engender most vehemēt paine. They which are caused of cho∣lericke bloude, they seeme much like Erisipela, and they vexe the place that is diseased, with no greife. That which is caused of melancholie blood, they be not redde, nor they doe not vexe with vehement paine, but they be harde. They which be engendred of fleumatike bloude, in the swelling they be raised sharp vpward. Let ther diette be such in a maner, as is appointed in other inflammations.* 1.289 The cure if age, and other thinges will suffer, it must be begonne by letting of blood: you must cut the Cephalica vaine on the same side. Further∣more we vse not in 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, as we doe in other inflammations, to apply in the beginning thinges that represse, but contrary wise thinges that doe draw. And if they be not in effect, fasten cupping glases, or apply continually fomentes. To mitigate the paine you must chose those thinges which haue heate with moderate moistnesse, mitigating and ceasing paine, meet to ripe, & digest, as is, decoctions made of wheat or barely, or the meale of lin seed with mulsa, or fenugrek, or althea, or cāmomill: for the same purpose annoint the place cōtinually

with butter, putting to it the white of eggs. Also swines greace with butter melted, with a litle wax put to it, that it may be a soft Cerate, may be well applied.* 1.290 But in them that be meek, (that is) in gentle Parotides, in which there flowe not such plenty of humours that they cause vehement paine, nor ther is no heat of the humour, such are easily cured with fomentes of brine and plaisters, and medicinnes altogither discussiue, as is Diactrilon. If the parotides can not be dissolued, you must vse medicines to ripe, and bring the impostume to matter, as is, wheat meale with the decoction of figgs and oile. Also the medicine that is made of meale and flower and leauen. When the Parotides be riped, either cut the skinn with a knife, that the matter may be let out, or the botche may be broken with a sharp me∣dicin, as that which is broken with garlicke, and such like, or to proue how to dissolue it by medicines which haue vertue to draw and extenuat, remouing it twise daily, and nouri∣shing it vntill the paine be some what released, and the more part of the matter dissolued. And if there be hardnesse, that also must be mollified. Therefore you must make medicines that be of mixt qualities, so that you must commix drawing thinges with mollifiers, as is calues suet, goates suet, the marrow of a heart, bdellium styrax, ammoniacum, & such other like.

CAP. XLII. Of vlcers in the nose. DE OZAENIS.

OZAENAE in greek be vlcers in the nose that be deepe and rotten, ou of thet which is brethed an vnkind and stinking sauour. Through sharp and rotten hu∣mours which flow to the nosethrills, filthines is engendred,* 1.291 which if they be on∣ly sharpe, they engender vlcers hard to be cured, but yet they stink not much, Therefore the cure of these vlcers consist cheiflie in this, that in the beginning the head be dried and strenghned. Because vlcers come through the flowing of corrupt humours,* 1.292 which flow out of the head to the noseterills: the whole head must be strenghned & dried, that no superfluities do flow from the nosethrills. You shall adde strenght to the head after this sort, first you must clippe the head, then straight you must lay on it thinges that do restrain & bind, as is oile of roses, alom, vnripe galles, willow leaues, vineger & such like: this must be continually laid and annointed on the head .ix. daies. When with those thinges the head is made strong, then go about to cure the nosethrills, that you may dry vp the matter, with me∣dicines that be repulsiue and discussiue. Therefore those things that repell and driue back be thinges sharpe, and sower, which also are reckned with restrictiue thinges, discussiue things must be hote and dry of vertue. Therfore to cure Ozenae. you must drop in the iuice of calamint, or blow in the pouder thereof being dried with a quill, or droppe in hony into the nosethrills. A while after minister sternutamettes to bring out the scurfes,* 1.293 which will fall of in iij. or iiij. daies. When they ar fallen of, cure it with goose greace and butter, and oile of roses. The vlcers in the nosethrils may be annointed with iuice of a pomegarnet boiled in a brasen vessell vnto the half or a whole pomegarnet sodden in sweet wine brai∣ed and dropped in. Also this is good. ℞. dry alome. ʒ.j.ss. mirrhe. ʒ.j. the rinde of a pome∣garnet, sumach salt gemme, safron, frankensense. ana. ʒ.ss. beat them and blow into the nose, of the pouder. Yf that after the vlcers ther remain paine,* 1.294 vse this ointment. ℞. oile of roses, mirtelles. ana. ℥.j. burnt lead, litarge. ana. ℈.ij. Ceruse, bolearmeny. balaustium. ana. ℈.j. white waxe as much as is sufficient, and make an ointment & annoint the place.

CAP. XLIII. Of bleeding at the nose. DE SANGVINIS EX NARIBVS PROFLVƲIO.

FLuxe of bloud at the nose The causes be partlie outward,* 1.295 and partlie inuard Outward causes be falling from a heigh place, a stripe, vehement exercise and tarcing in the sunne. Inward causes is plenty of bloud or thinnes of the same. You may know if it come through plenty of bloud by heauy pain in the head much bloud in the face, and rednes of the eyes. Let the diet be such that it

may coole and make thick, the blood, and the dyet must be thinne. Therfore let the ayer be cold, and the meate of good iuice, and easy to digest. If the blood be very hote, let the sick eate lettuse,* 1.296 endiue, peares, quynces, chickens rosted or boiled with veriuice. Let him drinck thick redde wine mixt with water, or water cold, or decoction of cinnamon, by which through out my book: I mean water, in which a li••le cynnamon is sodden: lest water through his coldnes might hurt a weake stomacke. Let the patient speak litle, and let eschew mo∣uing, trouble of mynd & cheefly anger. Also it is good io haue the lower partes of the head, highest. For the cure you must take heed, that in bleeding at the nose, the lower partes lye highest,* 1.297 and the head downward. The cure must be begun with those remedyes, which turne the blood to other partes of the body. First therfore if the body be full, and age will suffer it, and if the sick be not resolued, you must cut the vaine in the arme right against the flowing of bloud at the nose. When you haue drawe out a litle then let it alone an hour then draw out some againe,* 1.298 and afterward againe and againe, as the patientes strength will suf∣fer it. Moreouer friction & rubbing of the inferior parts as the armes, hands, thighes, share, and feete. It is maruelously good to put the feete into warme water euer rubbing them vp and downe. Also strong bindinges of the extremities is to be acounted among the reme∣dyes that pull back. Also great cupping glasses fastened to the sydes doe retain blood brea∣king out at the nose.* 1.299 Yf the bloud flowe from the the right nosethrill, fasten the cuppinge glasse vpon the lyuer: Yf at the lefte nosethrille, vpon the splene. If the blood come from both the nosethrilles, fasten cupping glasses to both places. Also fasten them to the shoul∣ders with scarification: Those bring done, minister both within the body & without, things which coole and restraine.* 1.300 Outwardly apply to the forehead an Epithema of Iuice of plan∣taine, lettuce, sorell, sheperdes purse, knott grasse, or make it with the waters of thē distilled, A linnen cloth wett in cold vineger is maruelous good being applied to the forehead and neck again and again. Also nourish the forehead with spōges of cold water. Also it is good to vse this Epithema applied to the forehead and the liuer. ℞. water of roses, night shade, sorrel. ana. ℥.iij. pouders of Diabrion sautalon,* 1.301 diarrhodon abbatis. ana. ʒ.j. bolearmenie, yuory burnt, lapis hamatites. ana. ʒ.ss. commixe them all and make an Epithema. Also you must put into the nose,* 1.302 medycines to stoppe bloud, for the which this is very good. ℞. frankensence. ʒ.ij. aloes. ʒ.j. pouder them and mixe therwith the whyte of an egge vntill it be as thicke as honie, then commixe the sof••e heares of an hare, with it, and applie it to the nose. Also you may wryth a linnen clothe dipped, in the nosethriles. Also mintes braied, and put into the nosethrilles is thought to be verie good. Also a sponge wette in strong and sharpe vineger may be put into the nose that bleedeth. Also this medicine is good. ℞. egge shells. ʒ.ij. vnripe galls. ʒ.j. being braied put them in a writhed linnen cloth wett in water or vineger, and put it into the nosethrilles. Also it is good to stopp the eares strongly with linnen and waxe, and to hould in the mouth cold rayne water. Also iuice of the leaues of nettle, hauing linnen dip: into it, and put into the nose, stoppeth bleeding at the nose, also iuice of horsetayle, or the leaues brayed and applied, are good. The fleshe of snailes braied with vineger, ar with ther shells burnt and braied are good being applied to the fore∣head and nose with vineger. But aboue all, the bloud which commeth out at the patientes nose is good,* 1.303 if it be burned in an earthen pott and then beaten, take of it. ʒ.iij. bolearmo∣niacke. ℥.j. Camphore. ℈.j. with the white of an egge and a little vineger, make it thicke lyke hony, and laye it to the forehead, and put it into the nose. Necessity requiring it is law∣full to put to .ij. graines or .iij. nf opium. Asses dounge dryed & made in pouder is wonder∣fully good, and also hoggs doung hath the lyke property. Within the body minister those thinges which do coole and restraine, as be syrupes of roses, forrell & nympheae, Trochiskes of terra lemnia, de succiuo & such like medicines. Morouer if in the meane season any bloud flowe into the belly or other places of the body, if it be much & plenteous, you must auoyd it by medicines which will dissolue and bring forthe the clodder matter.

CAP. XLIIII. Of distillation, reume, and hoarcenes DE DISTILLATIONE, GRAVEDINE, ET RAVCITATE.

CATARROS in greeke is called Distillatio in latyn, & in Englishe Reume.* 1.304 It is wheras an humour falleth downe to the mouth, and the iawes. Grauedo is when the humour falleth into the nose, and causeth the pose. Raucedo is when the humour chaunceth to distill to the sharpe arterye. The cause of flowing of the humour is the brayne the which through could,* 1.305 is brought to a could tempure, which chaunceth specially to them,* 1.306 which goe sodain∣ly about in the could bareheaded. But through heate the brayne is warmed and stuffed▪ the coldnes of humours which be in the braine,* 1.307 wringing hard lyke as a sponge dipped in wa∣ter is wronge with ones hand. It causeth the flowing of humours to the lower partes. So oftentymes heate going about in the head dissoluing the humoures in the braine. engen∣dreth distillation. Moreouer all thinges that replete the head without measure,* 1.308 doe cause flowing of humours into the inferiour partes. Also wyne immoderatly droncke, and hote bathes, rawe meate remaynyng in the stomacke, and vaporous thinges in the head.* 1.309 The signes of the fluxe of humours come of heate, then the head is hote, and a sharpe & thinne humour distilleth as well by the nose, as by the mouth, also the face and the nose is redd,* 1.310 and for the most parte ther followeth a feauer. Contrarywyse they that haue the fluxe cau∣sed of could, ther head and ther forehead is stretched out euery wheare, the passages which be in the bones called, Ethmoidea, are shutt vp, so that the voyce cannot passe downeward by the nosethrills. Also a flegmatike and thick humour distilleth out of the nose. Lett thē eschewe ayer that is very hote or very cold, especially from a hathe, and from Southe,* 1.311 and north wyndes, and all thinges that can bynd or dissolue humours in the braine. Let him vse meates of good iuice, easy to be digested▪ let him eschewe those thinges that send plenty of vapours to the brayne, as be oynions, garlicke, mustard seede, raddishe, & very hote ado∣ramentes. Moreouer they which haue the distillation must eate lesse at supper then at din∣ner. let ther drinke be aqua mulsa, or decoction of cynnamon or barley. let them eschewe sleeping in the day, and lying vpright in the night.* 1.312 For cure when the head is vexed with a hote distempure, you must vse those remedyes, which are good for paine in the head en∣gendred of such a cause. The most present remedy of the head is to sprinckle & poure vpon the head plenty of whote water: this is able ro dryue out the hote vapours engendred in the head. Moreouer such must take comfort of warme bathes, of sweet water. They which haue ther head vehemently hote and burning, and for that are troubled with continuall distilla∣tion, it is best for them, in sommer to be annointed with oile of roses. Yf a cold distempure vexe the head, it must be annointed with hote and thinne oiles, as oiles of Ireos, Rewe, and such lyke: Oyle of Ireos is not only vsed, as an oyntment, but dropped into the nose. Also o∣ther thinges that be applied, which are spoken of in the chapter against paine of the head caused of cold. If a hote humour distill from the head together with a feuer, and yf ther be fulnes of the bodye, you must let bloud out of the Caephalica vaine.* 1.313 But it any iust cause be against yt, wash the belly with a clister, that yt may drawe the humours that doe abound in the head, downward▪ or minister a medycyne purging choler as is, pilulae aureae, alephan∣ginae, azairet and such lyke. Also you must turne the humours from the head by frictions, li∣gaturs, aod fastening of cupping glasses to the shoulders. Minister within the body thinges that haue vertue to alter and quench the burning heate of choler, as is syrupe of violettes nympheae of poppye and ther conserues. Alsoe Embrocha and odoraments rehersed before in the cap. of headache may be applied. Also a plaister of terra lemniae or bole armoniack and iuice of plantaine, made & laide vpon the head being shauen.* 1.314 If it be a cold humour which distilleth, you shal empty with those things which purge fleume, For which purpose a strōg clister is good, which being done, you must drawe and turne away the humour from the head. Then when the humours be digested, purge the head with Masticatories gargaris∣mes,

and such like.* 1.315 Moreouer apply to the head Sacculi made thus. ℞. floures of cāmomill, melilote, be••onye, origan. ana. M.ss. cynnamon, cloues. ana. ʒ.j. maces. ʒ.j.ss. nuttmegs, ʒ.ij. galla moschatae. ʒ.j. pouder them all and put them in silke, and make a Sacculus, and lay it to the crowne of the head. It is very good also to annoynt the head with hote oyles, as is the oyles of Ireos dill, and Rewe. All thinges doe stopp distillation, which haue vertue to drye,* 1.316 specially nigella parched, and comyn burnt or parched, putt into a lynnen clothe and knit is a present remedy, if the patient do smell to it. For the same purpose it is good to minister suffuments, as is this. ℞. frankensence, masticke. ana. ʒ.j. wood of aloes. ℈.j.ss. cyna∣mon, cloues. ana. ℈.ij. Gallae moschata. ʒ.j.ss. laurell leaues, yelowe saunders. ana. ʒ.j. muske ambre. ana .g.j. being braied commixe them with storax liquidae, as muche as suffiseth, and make trochiskes.* 1.317 Wherof put one vpon coles. ℞. sage, maioram, rosemary. ana. ʒ.j. maces, cloues, cinamon. ana. ℈.ij. wood of aloes. ℈.j. frankensence. ʒ.j.ss. beate them all and com∣mixe them, and make a grosse pouder to strewe vpon the coles. As for hoarcenes, it is cured almost with the same medycynes, that the coughe is.

CAP. XLV. Of pain in the teeth. DE DENTIVM DOLORE.

TOOTHACHE (as Galene sayth,) amongest other paines that are not mor∣tall, is the most cruell and greuous of them all. It is caused sometyme of hote or cold distempure.* 1.318 Also many tymes through flowing of humours out of the head vnto the rootes of the teeth, which with ther sharpnes either doe gnaw about them, or els with their aboundance, they engender like greife in the teeth, as inflamacion is about fleshie partes, paine in the teeth without inflamacion of the gummes, sometym in the se••owe wherein the roots be planted. If the paine come through distempure of the bare quality,* 1.319 it will not be greuous. Hote distempure is knowen by the tempure of the whole body, because that likewise is hote. Also the face is redd, and the dy∣et vsed before was hote. Cold is knowen by the contrary iudgmentes. If the paine be cau∣sed of flowing of som humour aboundantly, then greauous pain is not only felt in the teeth but also in other partes, which it passeth by, A where humour engendreth vehement paine a cold humour more meeker.* 1.320 Let the diet be such as may defend that the paine come not, and let it be such, as is not very hote nor cold. Also eschew all sharp, sower & viscous things. Also often vsing of milk doth maruelouslie hurt the teeth, labour diligentlie to purifie the teeth.* 1.321 The meates must be of good iuice, and easie to digest. For the cure, if it come of cold it is good to wash the teeth with warme wyne. Let the cheekes be annointed outward with warme oiles of cammomill, rewe, ireos, and such like. Also to wash the mouth, seeth in vinigre,* 1.322 origan, calamint, hysope, penyroyall, sauory, the root of veruaine and such like. If the teeth doth ake through heat, you must seeth in vinigre, purslaine, paretarie, singreene the lesse, and lycorice: But if the heat be intollerable, you must vse the seeds of lettuce, en∣diue, and poppie sodden in vinigre. Without you must annoint against the greife with cold oiles, of roses, water lillies, and such like. Moreouer if the pain be caused through flowing of humours,* 1.323 if age, time of the year, and other thinges will suffer it, and if the body be also full of bloud, it is good to cut the Cephalica vain or mediae on the same side, that ther greife is. That done cut the vain vnder the toung, or fasten cupping glasses to the shoulders. If one on lie corrupt humour doth abound, then vse conuenient medicines to purg that humour. For the same purpose clisters are very good. The whole body being emptied, you must minister those medicines that do represse and stoppe, as iuice of plaintain▪ roses, purcelain, both the endiues, either take the decoction of the aforsaid thinges, or ther waters distilled & mixed with a litle vinigre. It is onely good to wash the aking with hote sharp vinigre, with vnripe gales. or this. ℞. the root of hēban. ℥.j. pellitory. ℥.ss. staues acre. ʒ.ij. galingale. ʒ.ss. Cāphore ℈.ij. alome. ℥.j. hony. ℥.ij. let all be bruised, and boile all in viniger. lb.j. Rose water. ℥.vj washe the teeth with this e••h morning, and it will preserue the teeth, and keepe them from

paine. But if it come of extreme cold, then vse specially this medciine. ℞. Pepper, pellito∣rie, melilote. ana. ʒ.j. staues acre. ʒ.ss. bruse them and put the pouder into a linnen cloth,* 1.324 and lay it on the aking teeth, and keepe it there a quarter of an houre, and it will cease the pain. Also (as is said before) to wash the teeth with warme wine, is very good.

CAP. XLVI. Of teeth that be blacke and loose. DE DENTIBVS DENIGRATIS, LIVENTIBVSQVE ET MOLLIBƲS.

SOMETIME the teeth be swarte and black throughout there substance not vnlike a certain inflammation of the patientes, through flowing of vicious humours the teeth be lose, sometime through a stripe or fall,* 1.325 som¦time through flowing of moistenes, which looseth the senowes and li∣gamentes, and maketh the teeth loose, or els gnawing, and weaknesse of the gummes in the which the teeth ar set, causeth them to be loose. The cure of vicious humoures must be begonne by purging.* 1.326 Afterward if the teeth be swart or rustie: you must deuide the corrupt humours, which flow to the teeth with drying medicinnes, as is licium, frankensense, mintes, galls, mastick, mirrhe, nigella, and such like. Among many other this is very good. ℞. nigella, mirrhe, frankensense. ana. ℥.j. mastike, white pepper. ana. ℈.ij. pistolochiae. ℈.j. roch alome. ʒ.j. beat them into pouder, and rubb the teeth therwith: or commix them with venice Terebenthin and annoint them ther∣with. The corrupt humours being cōsumed,* 1.327 vse dentrifices which haue vertue to scoure and dry, as this is. ℞. nitrum, roch alome, hartes horne burnt. ana. ʒ.j. 〈◊〉〈◊〉. ℈.j. the roote of trees illiricae, frankensense, dry mints. ana, ʒ.j.ss. comon salt burnt, pistolochi••. ana. ʒ.j. purnish 〈◊〉〈◊〉 sepiae. ana. ʒ.j.ss. pepper, pellitorre, dry penyroiall. ana. ʒ.ss. beat them 〈◊〉〈◊〉 scarce them all and with this pouder rubbe the teeth daily. For teeth that be loose, you may apply such me∣dicines, as restrain and strenghten loose gummes, and fasten them.* 1.328 Therefore collusions of the mouth of decoctions of restrictiue thinges doe perfitte, as is this. ℞. redd ros•••• ••••••∣tes, plaintaine, ana. M.ss. the barkes of Cipresse nuttes. ʒ.j. seed of mirtells sum••che. ana. ʒ.ss. pomegranat rindes, galls. ana. ʒ.ij. accacia. ℈.ij. seeth them all in redde restrictiue wine,* 1.329 & with that often washe the mouth. The mouth being washed it is laufull to vse this dentrisici∣um. ℞. Galles, the rindes of sweete pomgranates. ana. ʒ.j. balaus••••um, sumache,* 1.330 mirhe. ana. ℈.j. red roses, sanguis draconis, calyculorum glandium. ana. ʒ.j. frankensense, hartes h••rn burnt ana. ʒ.••.ss. pouder all, and scarce them, and rub the teeth therewith. or this is maruelouse good. ℞. Balaustium. nutmegges. ana. ʒ, iij., roch alome, ℥.j.ss. pouder them and mixe them with honie. ℥.ij.ss. and incorporate them well togither. and with this annoint the teeth twise or thrise in the day.

CAP XLVII. Of vlcers in the mouthe. DE APHTHIS.

THE vlcers which ar bredde, in the ouermost parte of the mouth and haue a certaine burning heat, in greek they ar called Apthae and of the barbarous sort alcola, Some be whitish, and some reddishe, and some blackish,* 1.331 and these be most perrilous of all other. They engender for the most parte in infants & sucking chilcren, when either the nurses milk is naught, or the child cannot well dgiest it. Also they chaunce sometime to them that be of perfect age, as well through great fluxe of vicious and corrupt humours to the mouth, as also through sharpnesse of those thinges that are eaten and dronken, The tokens ar easie,* 1.332 because they be knowē by sight and feeling if you touche it, the places will seeme hoter then they ought

to be, and there is swelling. They which be redd, do shew bloud to haue the mastery. Yea∣lownes signifieth bitter choler: whitnes, fleume: blaknes, melancholy. They which chāuce to children,* 1.333 may easily be cured by those things that doe meanely restrayne. And you must giue them cheefly in ther meates, some quynces, and other sharpe thinges, peares, and me∣spilers, vidʒ. medlers or open arses. Sometime also you must commix with there meat some lettuce, endiue, and purslain. If there be inflammation of the vlcers, then take the iuice of purcelain, lettuce and nightshade, the pouder of alome, and wash the mouth with a fine cloth, or with a sering, & if the child cā take no meat, thē the nurse must vse the same kind of diet. Also the decoction of galles balaustium, saunders, Sumache, acacia, and such like, com∣mixed with Roberibes or Diamoron applied,* 1.334 as before is taught. In them that be of perfect age onely the nature of the bodie is to be considered, whether it be soft or moist, or hard or drie. For in hard and strong bodyes you must minister stronge medycines. In weake and soft bodyes, gentle medicines. For the dyet therfore in such ages, they must eschewe all things, that be sharpe and salte,* 1.335 and that engender corrupt iuice. For the cure in fulnes of the body, yf nothing do let it,* 1.336 first cut the Caephalica vaine, and then those vaines vnder the tounge. Yf the body be full of ill iuyce, you must minister a purgation against the corrupt humours. the body being purged, apply medicines which haue vertue to restrayne and stoppe. Moderate remedyes against vlcers be these, as sumache, roses, Balaustium dissolued in wyne or mulsa. But if the exulcerations begin to putrifie, this decoctiō is very profitable. ℞. fellerd leaues of sage, hysope, rewe, penyroiall, chamomill, wood bind, knottgrasse, bursapastria, bryer leaues. ana, M.ss. washe them cleene, and boile all in .ij.lb.ss. of good ale or beere, & put therin three or foure sponefull of hony, alome. ℥.ij. let it seeth to the consumption of halfe then strayn it, and wash the mouth ther with .4. or 5. tymes in a day. But if the vlcers be more running and gnawing, annoynt the place with vnguentum Aegiptiacum, mixt with mel ro∣sarum or such lyke.

CAP. XLVIII. Of a stinking mouth. DE FOETORE ORIS.

* 1.337THERE is greuous and stinking sauour of the mouth caused for the most parte through putrefaction of the gummes or teeth, or through meate sticking stil in the teeth. Many times it commeth through hote distempure of the skinne of the mouth: sometime also through corrupt and rotten humours, sticking in the mouth of the stomack: It chaunceth also manie times that exulceration of the mouth or lunges,* 1.338 doth hurt the breath of the mouth or lunges. If stinking of the mouth chaunce through putrefactinon either of the gumms, or teeth, or of meat sticking in the teeth: it is soone knowne either by sight or by the patients tale. If it be caused of a hote dis∣tempure of the mouth, then heat is felt in the mouth, and thirst troubleth him. If through vice of the stomak, then the breath of the mouth is more grieuous, and stinking before meat then after meate, vlcerations of the lunges are knowen by extenuacion of the body, and by coughing.* 1.339 In the diet the patient must auoyd all things that doe readily engender corrup∣tion in the mouth or stomache, as is, milke, fishe, almost all fruites, marowe, fat, naughty water, and such lyke. Let the meats therfore which they vse, be of good iuice, and easie to digest: but they must vse meates rather roste then sodden: In the end of dinner and supper they may eate peares,* 1.340 quinces, and such like, especially if the stincking sauour come from the mouth of the stomacke. Let thē eschewe sleeping by and by after meate. If stincke of the mouth come through corruption of the gummes or teeth, if ther be fulnes of the bodie: First drawe bloud out of the Caephalica vaine, and then fasten cupping glasses to the neck. But if the body be full of euill iuice, purge the humour that doth abound with a conuenient medi∣cine: the bodie being purged, vse out ward medicines specially collutions and washings, which in this case seeme to be maruelouse good as this is. ℞. redd roses, plaintain, knot∣grasse. ana. M.j.ss. galls, pomegarnet flours, cipresse nuttes. ana. ʒ.ij. rindes of pomegar∣netes.

ʒ.ss. roche alome. ℥.j. seeth these in iust quantity of water vnto the third part, and in the iuice of the decoction being strained, comixe mel rosarum, diacarion, .ana. ℥.ss. diamoron. ℥.iij. comixe them all and make a collution,* 1.341 with the which washe rhe gummes & the teeth euery morning, and euening. Also oftē washing with water mixed with viniger in the mor∣ning and by and by after meate, is good. If the stinck in the mouth be without exulceratiō, minister the roote of ireos steeped in old odoriferous wyne, & washe the teeth often withall. Also it is good to hould it in the mouth. Also mirrhe steeped in pure wyne minister to wash the teeth. Also it is very good to chewe pellitorie, Tamariscus and rewe. Likewise collution of vineger squilliticke, or decoction of sage, or only wyne. Also decoction of mintes in vi∣neger and water helpeth, if the mouth be often washed with it. This causeth sweete breath,* 1.342 and maketh the teethe white. ℞. white salt, pumises, origā. ana. ʒ.ij. root of Ireos. ʒ.j. flours of sqinnance. ʒ.ss. beat them all and commix them and rub the teeth therewith. If stink of the mouth come of a hote distempure cure it with contrary medicines. But if it come of a cor∣rupt humour in the mouth of the stomack, it is healed by those things which do purge that humour. Those thinges mhich be conteined in the mouthe of the stomacke may well be brought out by a vomit. How you shall prouoke vomit, it is declared in many places befor.* 1.343 After this minister medicines which do strenghthen the stomacke, as is, Axomaticum rosace∣um, Diambar, hydromalum, and such like medicines, which be good in all causes, as be cloues, Masticke, Mace, wood of Aloes, Cynamon, roses, all the Saunders, Nutmegges, Quibibes, Yreos, and other of that like sort.

THESE suffice. AND hovv many euills so euer ther be of the head, vvhose cure is not expresly named by mee in this booke: yet you may find out medicines to cure them by that vvhich is declared in this Booke.

Libri primi finis.

Notes

• * 1.1

  Differences of paine in the head 3.
• * 1.2

  VVhat Cepha∣lalgia or S••∣da is.
• * 1.3

  The diuersity of places that paine is in.
• * 1.4

  VVhether the headache be with in the skull or with∣out it.
• * 1.5

  Causes of headache ge∣nerall.
• * 1.6

  Causes of headache spe∣ciall.
• * 1.7

  Signes of eche cause of headache ge∣nerally.
• * 1.8

  Causes.
• * 1.9

  Signes.
• * 1.10

  Diet.
• * 1.11

  Ayer.
• * 1.12

  Sleepe.
• * 1.13

  Meate.
• * 1.14

  Drinke.
• * 1.15

  Cure.
• * 1.16

  Oyle of roses.
• * 1.17

  Oyle of com∣momill.
• * 1.18

  Alyni••••ens.
• * 1.19

  Vnguent••••••.
• * 1.20

  Embrochae.
• * 1.21

  S••••••efaci••tis.
• * 1.22

  No••e.
• * 1.23

  Embrocha.
• * 1.24

  〈1 paragraph〉〈1 paragraph〉
• * 1.25

  Inwarde 〈◊〉〈◊〉.
• * 1.26

  Odours.
• * 1.27

  Causae.
• * 1.28

  Signae.
• * 1.29

  Victus ratio.
• * 1.30

  Cur••.
• * 1.31

  Vnguentum.
• * 1.32

  Aliud.
• * 1.33

  Embrochae.
• * 1.34

  Sacculus.
• * 1.35

  Pomum odo∣riferum.
• * 1.36

  Causae.
• * 1.37

  Signa.
• * 1.38

  Victus.
• * 1.39

  Curatio.
• * 1.40

  Lini••en••um.
• * 1.41

  VVhat is 〈◊〉〈◊〉 by plemiend•• 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.
• * 1.42

  Causae.
• * 1.43

  Signa.
• * 1.44

  Victus ratio.
• * 1.45

  Curatio.
• * 1.46

  Ve•••• sectio.
• * 1.47

  Cucurbitae. Ventose. Loca••a.
• * 1.48

  Decoctum purge••s.
• * 1.49

  Discutientia.
• * 1.50

  Causae.
• * 1.51

  Signa.
• * 1.52

  Victus ratio.
• * 1.53

  Curatio.
• * 1.54

  Zul••pium.
• * 1.55

  Purgatio.
• * 1.56

  Dilutum Rha∣barbari.
• * 1.57

  Bolus purgās.
• * 1.58

  Clyster.
• * 1.59

  Loca••ia.
• * 1.60

  Sleepe.
• * 1.61

  Causae.
• * 1.62

  Signa.
• * 1.63

  Victus r••ti••.
• * 1.64

  〈1 paragraph〉〈1 paragraph〉
• * 1.65

  〈1 paragraph〉〈1 paragraph〉
• * 1.66

  Decoctum ex∣ser•••••••• 〈◊〉〈◊〉.
• * 1.67

  Purgatio.
• * 1.68

  Pilula.
• * 1.69

  Clyster.
• * 1.70

  Gargarise.
• * 1.71

  Gargarismus.
• * 1.72

  S••ernutamen∣tum.
• * 1.73

  Nasa••a.
• * 1.74

  Loca••a.
• * 1.75

  Lo••••nges.
• * 1.76

  〈1 paragraph〉〈1 paragraph〉
• * 1.77

  Causae.
• * 1.78

  Signa.
• * 1.79

  Victus ratio. Cura.
• * 1.80

  C••••fier.
• * 1.81

  Localia.
• * 1.82

  Causae.
• * 1.83

  Signa.
• * 1.84

  Curatio.
• * 1.85

  Hierapicra.
• * 1.86

  Note.
• * 1.87

  Causae.
• * 1.88

  Curatio.
• * 1.89

  VVarme wa∣ter, and 〈…〉〈…〉 ace••••••e cōm••••ed cau∣seth 〈◊〉〈◊〉.
• * 1.90

  Praeseruatio.
• * 1.91

  Victus ratio.
• * 1.92

  Dates.
• * 1.93

  Iriu••. Nardi••••••.
• * 1.94

  Causae.
• * 1.95

  Cura.
• * 1.96

  Embrocha.
• * 1.97

  Note.
• * 1.98

  Signa.
• * 1.99

  Causae.
• * 1.100

  Signa.
• * 1.101

  Note.
• * 1.102

  Victus ratio.
• * 1.103

  Curatio.
• * 1.104

  Venae sectio.
• * 1.105

  Remi••si••.
• * 1.106

  〈1 paragraph〉〈1 paragraph〉
• * 1.107

  Note.
• * 1.108

  Verbe••a••a re••ta.
• * 1.109

  Causae.
• * 1.110

  Signa.
• * 1.111

  Curatio.
• * 1.112

  Localia.
• * 1.113

  Vnguentum.
• * 1.114

  Ole••••.
• * 1.115

  Note.
• * 1.116

  Pilula.
• * 1.117

  Causae.
• * 1.118

  Signa.
• * 1.119

  Prognostica.
• * 1.120

  Victus ratio.
• * 1.121

  Curatio.
• * 1.122

  Ven•• sectio.
• * 1.123

  Localia.
• * 1.124

  C••••teri••••.
• * 1.125

  Cure of the vertigo that cometh of the stomake. V••••itus.
• * 1.126

  Three ••••ndes of fren••sie••.
• * 1.127

  Causae.
• * 1.128

  Signa.
• * 1.129

  Prognostica.
• * 1.130

  Victus ratio.
• * 1.131

  Curatio.
• * 1.132

  Ven•• sectio.
• * 1.133

  Clyster.
• * 1.134

  A purging po∣tion.
• * 1.135

  Localia.
• * 1.136

  Vnguentum.
• * 1.137

  Embrocha.
• * 1.138

  Discutienti••.
• * 1.139

  〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. Causae.
• * 1.140

  Signa.
• * 1.141

  Victus ratio.
• * 1.142

  Curatio.
• * 1.143

  Localia.
• * 1.144

  Castoreum.
• * 1.145

  Caus••.
• * 1.146

  Signa.
• * 1.147

  Victus ratio.
• * 1.148

  Curatio.
• * 1.149

  Vngu••••••••••.
• * 1.150

  Sac••••••u••.
• * 1.151

  Embrocha.
• * 1.152

  Seccul••••.
• * 1.153

  Decoctio.
• * 1.154

  Carus.
• * 1.155

  Subet.
• * 1.156

  Causae. Signa.
• * 1.157

  Victus. Cura.
• * 1.158

  Conge••atis.
• * 1.159

  Causae.
• * 1.160

  Signa.
• * 1.161

  Victus.
• * 1.162

  Curatio.
• * 1.163

  Coma.
• * 1.164

  Causae.
• * 1.165

  Signa.
• * 1.166

  Curatio.
• * 1.167

  Causae.
• * 1.168

  Signa.
• * 1.169

  Progn••••••••a.
• * 1.170

  Curatio.
• * 1.171

  C••••ster acris.
• * 1.172

  〈1 paragraph〉〈1 paragraph〉
• * 1.173

  Vomitus.
• * 1.174

  Victus.
• * 1.175

  VVhy in the palsey some∣time sense a∣lone, sometime mouing alone, and sometime both together perishe.
• * 1.176

  To knowe if the brain be affected.
• * 1.177

  To ••nowe if the 〈…〉〈…〉 cause the pal∣sey.
• * 1.178

  Of members part•• 〈◊〉〈◊〉 taken with the palsey.
• * 1.179

  Causae.
• * 1.180

  Prognostica.
• * 1.181

  Victus ratio.
• * 1.182

  Ipp••••as.
• * 1.183

  Curatio.
• * 1.184

  V••nae sectio.
• * 1.185

  Clyster.
• * 1.186

  Capitis pur∣gatio.
• * 1.187

  Lozeng••s.
• * 1.188

  Vnguentum.
• * 1.189

  Aliud.
• * 1.190

  Ceratum.
• * 1.191

  〈◊〉〈◊〉.
• * 1.192

  〈◊〉〈◊〉.
• * 1.193

  〈1 paragraph〉〈1 paragraph〉
• * 1.194

  Gofiatio.
• * 1.195

  Of palsey cō∣ming of cold.
• * 1.196

  Cure of palsey comming of other causes.
• * 1.197

  Curatio.
• * 1.198

  Note.
• * 1.199

  Palsey of the tongue.
• * 1.200

  Palsey of the bladder.
• * 1.201

  Palsey of the yard.
• * 1.202

  Morbus co∣mitialis.
• * 1.203

  Causae.
• * 1.204

  Signa.
• * 1.205

  Victus ratio.
• * 1.206

  Cure of in∣fantes
• * 1.207

  Ecligma.
• * 1.208

  Cure of yong folkes.
• * 1.209

  Cure of epi∣lence in ••id folkes.
• * 1.210

  A purging po∣••iō of stubium.
• * 1.211

  Sacc••lus.
• * 1.212

  Hiera Galeni.
• * 1.213

  Spasmos.
• * 1.214

  Causae.
• * 1.215

  Victus ratio.
• * 1.216

  Cures of ful∣nes.
• * 1.217

  Bloud••etting.
• * 1.218

  Cl••ster.
• * 1.219

  The cramp comming of fleume.
• * 1.220

  Capi••is pr••ga∣tis.
• * 1.221

  Ba••ne••••••.
• * 1.222

  The cramp cō∣ming of empti∣nes and drynes
• * 1.223

  Cura ve••eni
• * 1.224

  Causae.
• * 1.225

  Signa.
• * 1.226

  Victus ratio.
• * 1.227

  Curatio.
• * 1.228

  Venae sectio.
• * 1.229

  Causae.
• * 1.230

  Signa.
• * 1.231

  Victus ratio.
• * 1.232

  Cure if it come of bloud only.
• * 1.233

  Bloud letting.
• * 1.234

  ••aternae me∣dicine.
• * 1.235

  Embrocha.
• * 1.236

  Cure of it com¦ming of cho∣ler mixed with bloud.
• * 1.237

  Balneum.
• * 1.238

  Causae.
• * 1.239

  Signa.
• * 1.240

  Victus ratio.
• * 1.241

  〈◊〉〈◊〉.
• * 1.242

  Vena sectio.
• * 1.243

  Cure of it come of 〈◊〉〈◊〉 they bloud.
• * 1.244

  Purgatio.
• * 1.245

  〈1 paragraph〉〈1 paragraph〉
• * 1.246

  P••••io.
• * 1.247

  Decoctu•• purg••ns Me∣lancholiam.
• * 1.248

  Dilutum Epi∣thi••••i.
• * 1.249

  Puluis pur∣gatorius.
• * 1.250

  Clister.
• * 1.251

  Embrocha.
• * 1.252

  Cure if it co•••• of disease in the sides.
• * 1.253

  〈◊〉〈◊〉 de∣coctam.
• * 1.254

  Dia••tica.
• * 1.255

  Fomenia.
• * 1.256

  〈1 paragraph〉〈1 paragraph〉
• * 1.257

  〈◊〉〈◊〉.
• * 1.258

  Vomitus.
• * 1.259

  Causa.
• * 1.260

  Signa.
• * 1.261

  Victus ratio.
• * 1.262

  Curatio.
• * 1.263

  〈◊〉〈◊〉.
• * 1.264

  Simplices me∣dicine.
• * 1.265

  Four kindes of Cataractes curable.
• * 1.266

  Cautio.
• * 1.267

  Causae
• * 1.268

  There be four kindes of p••n∣nicles.
• * 1.269

  Maladies comming of fleume.
• * 1.270

  C••••sae.
• * 1.271

  Signae.
• * 1.272

  Cure of cold.
• * 1.273

  Of water.
• * 1.274

  Of heat.
• * 1.275

  Venae sectio.
• * 1.276

  Sapa·
• * 1.277

  Causae.
• * 1.278

  Signa.
• * 1.279

  Of windy va∣p••ur••
• * 1.280

  Of grosse 〈◊〉〈◊〉.

  Cure if it come of grosse hu∣mours or va∣pours.
• * 1.281

  Sacculi.
• * 1.282

  If it come of sharpnes of hearing.
• * 1.283

  Causae.
• * 1.284

  Signae.
• * 1.285

  If of cholerik humours. If of grosse humours.
• * 1.286

  Victus ratio.
• * 1.287

  Causae
• * 1.288

  Signa.
• * 1.289

  Victus ratio. Cura••io.
• * 1.290

  Cure of them that be meek.
• * 1.291

  Causae.
• * 1.292

  Curatio.
• * 1.293

  Ster••••tamen∣tioni.
• * 1.294

  Vnguent••••.
• * 1.295

  Causes Externae Internae Signae. Victus ratio.
• * 1.296

  Po••••••.
• * 1.297

  Curatio
• * 1.298

  Venae sectio.
• * 1.299

  〈1 paragraph〉〈1 paragraph〉
• * 1.300

  Epithema.
• * 1.301

  〈◊〉〈◊〉 Epithe¦m••▪
• * 1.302

  An 〈◊〉〈◊〉 medicin•• to stop b••ou••
• * 1.303

  Op••ima medi∣cinae.
• * 1.304

  Distillatio. Grauedo. Raucedo.
• * 1.305

  Causae.
• * 1.306

  Cold.
• * 1.307

  Hea••.
• * 1.308

  Repletion of the head.
• * 1.309

  Signa.
• * 1.310

  Ca••or.
• * 1.311

  Vict••s ratio.
• * 1.312

  Curatio.
• * 1.313

  Vene sectio.
• * 1.314

  H••••er frigi∣dus.
• * 1.315

  Saccu••••.
• * 1.316

  To stopp distil∣lation.
• * 1.317

  Trokiskes of perfu••e.
• * 1.318

  Causae.
• * 1.319

  Signa.
• * 1.320

  Victus ratio.
• * 1.321

  Curatio.
• * 1.322

  If it come of heat.
• * 1.323

  If of flowing•• of humours.
• * 1.324

  If it come of cold.
• * 1.325

  Causae.
• * 1.326

  Curatio.
• * 1.327

  〈1 paragraph〉〈1 paragraph〉
• * 1.328

  〈1 paragraph〉〈1 paragraph〉
• * 1.329

  〈1 paragraph〉〈1 paragraph〉
• * 1.330

  Dentri••••••••um
• * 1.331

  〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.
• * 1.332

  Signa.
• * 1.333

  Curatio infa••∣••••••.
• * 1.334

  Cure of them that be of per∣fect age.
• * 1.335

  Victus ratio.
• * 1.336

  Curatio.
• * 1.337

  Causae.
• * 1.338

  Signa.
• * 1.339

  Victus ratio.
• * 1.340

  Curatio.
• * 1.341

  Collu••io oris.
• * 1.342

  For sweet breath.
• * 1.343

  Vomitus.