A replie vnto M. Hardinges ansvveare by perusinge whereof the discrete, and diligent reader may easily see, the weake, and vnstable groundes of the Romaine religion, whiche of late hath beene accompted Catholique. By Iohn Iewel Bishoppe of Sarisburie.

The B. of Sarisburie.

Take heede, good Reader, M. Hardinge hath here throwen a great Miste of learninge, to da••••e thy sighte. Onlesse thou eye him wel, he wil steale from thee. Thus he frameth his Syllogismus. The lesse Asia beinge a principal parte of y^e Greeke Churche, had then the Seruice in the Greeke tongue: But sundrie Coun∣tries of the same Asia vnderstoode not the Gréeke tongue: Ergo, they had their Seruice in an vnknowen tongue.

Here is a fayre glosse. But be not deceiued: M. Harding* 1.1 knoweth wel yenough, it is but a fallace, that is to saye, a deceiteful argument, named in the Schooles, Ex meris particularibus: or, A non distributo ad distributum. Onlesse he amende the Maior, and make it an vniuersal, and say thus, Al Asia the Lesse had the Seruice in the Greeke tongue, it can in no wise holde. That Asia the Lesse had the Ser∣uice in Greeke, it is doubted of no man, nor learned, nor vnlearned. But, that al Asia y^e Lesse had throughout in al partes the same Seruice, if it be denied, M. Har∣dinge with al his learninge is not hable to proue it: and therefore he did better to tourne it ouer without any proufe at al.

The Minor is this, sundrie Nations in Asia the Lesse vnderstoode not the Greeke. And to prooue this, M. Hardinge hath directed al his drifte, But to what ende? for nei∣ther is it denied by any of vs, nor is it any parte of our question. And yet not with∣standinge, is not M. Hardinge hable to prooue it with al his gheasses.

He allegeth the Actes of the Apostles,* 1.2 where as mention is made of sundrie languages, and amonge the same certaine prouinces of this Asia specially named for their difference in speache. But what if answeare were made, That al there rehearsed were not diuerse tongues, but rather certaine differences in one tongue? Certainely Beda* 1.3 séemeth plainely so to say. His woordes be these: Verely this man was with him, for he is of Galilie: not for that the people of Galilie, and the people of Hie∣rusalem, vsed sundrie tongues: but for that euery prouince (of Iurie) hauinge a peculiar man∣ner of vtterance in their speache, coulde not avoide the same. And hereunto he applieth this storie of the Actes of the Apostles.

But saithe M. Hardinge, There must needes be greater difference betweene these Countries of Asia, and that, bicause of often ouerthrowes and conquestes, that there had happened. The con∣iecture is good. But the greatest Conquerours that came there, were the Mace∣donians, the Thebanes, and other Grecians, who no doubte, planted there the Greeke tongue, as it may soone appeare to any man, that can with iudgement con∣sider of it.* 1.4 S. Paule vnto the Ephesians, the Galathians, and the Collossians, dwellinge al in this same Asia the Lesse, wrote in Greeke. And S. Luke writinge of S. Paules beinge, and preachinge, at Ephesus saith, It came so to passe, Vt om∣nes, qui habitabant in Asia, audirent Sermonem Domini Iesu, Iudaei simul & Graeci: that al they, that dwelte in Asia, hearde the woorde of the Lorde Iesus, bothe Iewes, and Greekes.* 1.5 S. Luke that had trauailed ouer that whole Countrie with S. Paule, knewe none other Nation there but Iewes, and Greekes: Maister Hardinge hath a gheasse, there shoulde be some other Barbarous people also: but what they were, or where aboute they dwelte, or what tongue they spake, he can not tel. Uerely Polycarpus was Bishop of Smyrna: Gregorius was Bishop in Pontus:

S. Basile was Bishop of Caesaria in Cappadocia: Amphilochius Bishop of Ico∣nium in Lycaonia: Gregorius S. Basiles Brother Bishop of Nyssa in Caria, or Thracia. Al these in sundrie Countries within Asia the Lesse preached openly in the Gréeke tongue, and the vulgare people vnderstoode them.

Yet, saithe M. Hardinge, Strabo beinge borne in the same Countrie, and liuinge vnder the Emperours Augustus and Tiberius, in the time of S. Paule, writeth in his Geographie, that, where as there were then sixteene sundrie Nations in Asia the Lesse, three onely of them were Greekes, and the reast Barbarous. I knowe not whether M. Hardinge be vnwittingely deceiued him selfe, or wilfully goo aboute to deceiue others. But wel I knowe, that this is no parte of Straboes meaninge. For Strabo* 1.6 speaketh not this of his owne time, but of the time of Ephorus, that liued wel néere fiue hundred yeeres before him. This Ephorus reporteth, y^t in his time there were but three Greeke nations as yet en∣tred into Asia, but al the reste then were Barbarous. And therefore Apollodorus saith, y^t before the Battaile of Troye, no people of y^e Gréekes at al euer came ouer, to dwell there. For if Strabo had meante this of his owne time, to what ende should he allege the recorde of Ephorus, y^t liued so many hundred yéeres before him, for proufe of y^e thinge, that he had so diligently vewed, & seene him selfe: & specially seeing his purpose is not to folow,* 1.7 but to reprooue Ephorus: as it wel appeareth by his woordes. As for Apollodorus, thus he saithe of him. He seemeth not discretely to deale herein:* 1.8 for he disordereth, and falsely allegeth the woordes of Homer. And vnto this constructiō of Strabo, very wel agreeth the place of Plinius here alleged, & conclu∣deth manifestly againste M. Harding, as it appeareth by the very woordes: In omni ••o tractu proditur, tres tantùm gentes Graecas iure dici, Doricam, Ionicā, A••olicam: Cae∣teras barbarorū esse.* 1.9 In whiche whole circuite, it is written, that onely three nations be rightly called Greekes: and that the rest are of the Barbariens. In y^t he saithe proditur, it is written, he meaneth by Ephorus, Apollodorus, or such others, as had liued longe before. In that he saithe: Caeteras barbarorum esse, the reaste be of the Barbariens, he meaneth, that they had arriued thither, not out of Graecia, as had the other three, but out of other Countries that were Barbarous. But in that he saithe, Tres tantùm gentes Graecas iure dici, that onely three Nations be rightly, or naturally called Greekes, he muste needes meane that the reste were called Greekes also, although not so rightly, and natu∣rally, as the other. For els the exception of this woorde, iure, that is, rightly, or natu∣rally, had beene in vaine. And thus M. Hardinge seekinge to prooue, that the peo∣ple of Asia were no Greekes, allegeth Plinius, by whose woordes it appeareth ne∣cessarily, that they were Greekes.

But M. Hardinge wil force the mater further. Strabo saithe, that these three Nations excepted, the reste were Barbarous: Ergo, they vnderstoode no Greeke. And here vpon reasteth his whole proufe. But this is an other falsification of Straboes minde.* 1.10 For Strabo calleth them Barbarous, that vnderstoode, and spake Greeke. And what better witnesse can we herein haue, then Strabo him self? Thus he wri∣teth, Barbarismum in his dicere consueuimus, qui malè Ioquuntur Graecè: non autem in illis, qui Caricè Ioquuntur. Sic etiam barbariloquos, & barbari sermonis homines cos acci∣pere debemus, qui mal•• Graeca pronuntiant. We take a Barbarismus, or a Barbarous man∣ner of speache to be in them, that speake the Greeke disorderly: and not in them that speake a strange tongue, as is the tongue of the Carians. So we ought to take them to be barbarous, or menne of barbarous speache, that is fauoredly pronounce the Greeke. Thou maiste see, good Reader, with what ••aithe M. Hardinge allegeth the authoritie of olde writers. He woulde prooue by Strabo, y^t these people spake no Greeke, bicause they were Bar∣barous: And Strabo him selfe saithe, not withstanding they were Barbarous, yet they spake Greeke. Nowe therefore, seeinge the Syllogismus* 1.11 it selfe, as I haue saide, is a Fallace, the Maior false, the Minor false, and neither of them any way

prooued, and Strabo, and Plinie falsely alleged: to geather hereof, that these peo∣ple had their Seruice in an vnknowen tongue, must néedes seeme a strange Con∣clusion.

Notes

• * 1.1

  The discloasinge of M. Hardinges Fallax.
• * 1.2

  Actor. 2.
• * 1.3

  Beda in Luc. Ca. 22. li. 6. Ex Hieronymo in Matthaeis Ca. 26.
• * 1.4

  Actor. 19.
• * 1.5

  Actor. 19.
• * 1.6

  Strabo Geo∣gra. lib. 14.
• * 1.7

  Strabo li. 14. eo∣dem loco.
• * 1.8

  〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.
• * 1.9

  Plin. hist. natur. li. 6. ca. 2.
• * 1.10

  M. Hardinge falsifieth Stra∣boes minde. Lib. 14. Geogra.
• * 1.11

  M. Hardinges Syllogisme.