A defence of the Apologie of the Churche of Englande conteininge an answeare to a certaine booke lately set foorthe by M. Hardinge, and entituled, A confutation of &c. By Iohn Iewel Bishop of Sarisburie.

The Apologie, Cap. 11. Diuision. 2.

Bisides this, wee acknowledge, there be twoo Sacramentes, whiche wee iudge properly ought to be called by this name: that is to saie, Baptisme, and the Sacramente of thankesgeuing. For thus many wee see were deliuered and sanctified by Christe, and wel allo∣wed of the Olde Fathers, Ambrose, and Augustine, & sutche others.

M. Hardinge.

VVhy speake ye not plainely?* 1.1 Be there no moe but twoo Sacramentes? Though ye saie not so expressely, yet wee iudge, that so ye meane. For so your scholefelowe of Geneua Theodore Beza pro∣nounceth in plaine termes in the Confession of your Geneuian Faithe. And so your selues, Defenders, do affirme in the Articles, which ye agreed vpon in your Conuocation holden at London in the yere of our Lorde. 1562. VVhiche Articles ye haue put forthe 〈◊〉〈◊〉 printe by the Queenes Auctoritie, as ye

pretende. Nowe whereas ye acknowledge there be but twoo Sacramentes, why should any man be∣leeue you,* 1.2 rather then the Germaines your firste Scholemaisters, who* 1.3 in their Confession exhibited to Charles the fifthe then Emperour at Augspurge in the name of al the Protestantes, Anno. 1530. appointe three Sacramentes, Baptisme, the Euchariste, and Penance? The nexte yere after,‡ 1.4 Philip Melanchthon in his Apologie auouched those three Sacramentes: but afterwarde in the yere. 1552. he founde out an other, and made vp the number of foure, by addinge the Sacramente of Order to the foresaide three. In Lipsia they receiue three: In VVittenberg, whiche Citie is not thence far of, they haue foure. At Magdeburg thereby also Flacius Illyricus, and so many as folowe him, will haue but two: and the Zwenckfeldians, that spring out of the same stocke, care for none at al.

Forasmuche as ye alleage the names of the Olde Fathers for you, specially S. Ambrose,* 1.5 and S. Augustine, that there be but twoo Sacramentes, let vs see howe muche they make for maintenance of yo•••• Doctrine, and wheather they teache vs not, that there be moe S. Augustine in his seconde Bookes ••••ira literas Petiliani, speakinge of the place of the Psalme, Sicut vnguentum in capite, whiche the Heretike had alleaged, saithe thus: In hoc vnguento, &c. In this oinctement his will is to interpret the Sacramente of Chrisme (he meaneth the Sacramente of Confirmation) whiche in the kinde of visible signes is Holy, as Baptisme is. Lo, S. Augustine calleth cofirmation a Sacramente. S. Eusebius Pope namethe it a Sacramente in his third epistle written to al the Bis••hoppes of Tuscia and Campania: Manus impositionis Sacramentum, &c. The Sacramente of imposition of Handes (saithe he) is to be kepte with greate reuerence, whiche cannot be performed but by the high Priestes, (he vnderstandeth Bishoppes). Melchiades nexte to Syluester before the Nicene Coun∣cel speakinge muche of Confirmation, amonge other thinges saithe thus. Duo haec Sacramenta, Baptismi,* 1.6 & confirmationis, separanda non sunt: These twoo Sacramentes of Baptisme, and Confirmation, maye not be sundered. Though these twoo Bishoppes were Popes, yet they deserue credit, forasmuche as they liued before that corruption crept into the Churche, after your accoumpte, and died Holy Martyrs.

That Penaunce is a Sacramente,* 1.7 and so accoumpted amonge the Fathers, it is so euident, that who doubteth of it, maie seeme not to haue perused their writinges. S. Augustine in enchiridio ad Laurentium speakinge of Baptisme and Penaunce, calleth bothe, Salutaria Sacramenta, healthful Sacramentes. S. Ambrose signifieth him selfe to be of the same minde, in his firste Booke de Poentientia, Cap. 6. &. 7. and in the second Booke, Cap. 2. though without puttinge thexpresse name of Sacra∣mente. But in the third Chapter of that Booke he putteth the name of Sacramente expressely.

Touchinge Order,* 1.8 that is a Sacramente, also by verdite of S. Augustine, whom ye alleage for you. Let vs heare what he saithe. In his seconde Booke contra epist. Parmentani Cap. 13. these be his wordes, where he speaketh of Baptisme, and of the Power to Baptize, whiche is geuen in the Sacra∣mente of Order: Vtrunque euim Sacramentum est, & quadam consecratione vtiunque ho∣mini datur, illud cum Baptizatur, istud cum ordinatur. Ideo in Catholica non licet v∣trunque iterari: Either of them is a Sacramente, and with a certaine Consecration either is geuen to man: the one when he is Baptized, the other when he taketh Orders. Therefore in the Ca∣tholike Churche it is not lawful either of them to be taken twise.

For the Sacramente of wedlocke, besides other good and sufficient proufes, that it is a Sacra∣mente, wee haue sundrie testimonies out of S. Augustine,* 1.9 and other Doctours. In the Churche (saithe S. Augustine) not onely the bande of mariage, but also the Sacramente is so commended, that it is not lauful for the husbande to deliuer his VVife to another. He calleth wedlocke a Sacramente in many places of his workes. De bono coniugali. Cap. 7. 18. and in the. 24. Chapter of that Booke hee saithe: Haec omnia bona sunt, propter quae nuptiae bonae sunt, Proles, Fides, Sacramentū: All these thinges be good, for whiche mariage is good, issue, Faithe, the Sacramente.

Of extreme Vnction,* 1.10 who doubteth whether it be a Sacramente, let him reade the Epistle of Innocentrus the Firste ad Decentium Eugubinum Episcopum, Cap. 8. where moste planely trea∣tinge of it, he nameth it a Sacramente. Chrysostome interpreteth the place of S. Iames epistle for this Sacramente. And so dothe Bede, alleaging the place of S. Iames, the sixth of Marke, the Auctoritie of Innocentius, and the custome of the Churche. Seinge then we haue founde the* 1.11 seuen sacramentes

expressely mentioned in the Fathers,* 1.12 accordinge to the teaching of the Catholique Churche: whereas ye teache men to beleeue there be but two, and pretend that the Fathers spake of nomo:* 1.13 I truste from henceforthe they wil take better aduise, how they beleue your bare VVoorde without al prouse, and with certaine danger of their soules, forsake the Doctrine of the Churche, whiche is the sure Pillour,* 1.14 and ground of truthe, as S. Paule saithe. In this greate pointe, Beza, and ye of that side bee manifestly founde lyers.

The B. of Sarisburie.

To spende woordes without cause, is affliction of the Sprite, and losse of time. M. Hardinge here bestoweth mutche laboure, and allegeth many Doctours, to winne that thinge, that he might easily haue obteined without any sutche adoo. For, gentle Reader, lefte that thou be deceiued, and thinke, there is somme weight in this heape of feathers, wee wil graunt without force, and freely, that the Ho∣ly Catholique Fathers haue made mention, not onely of Seuen, as M. Hardinge here accoumpteth them, but also of Seuenteene sundrie Sacramentes.a 1.15 Tertul∣lian calleth the Helue, wherewith Elizaeus recouered the Axe out of the water, Sa∣cramentum Ligni, y^e Sacramente of VVoode: And the whole state of y^e Christian Faithe, he callethb 1.16 Religionis Christianae Sacramentum, The Sacramente of Christian Religion.c 1.17d 1.18 S. Augustine in many places hathe Sacramentum Cru∣cis, The Sacrament of the Crosse. Thus he saithe, In hac Crucis Figura continetur Sacramentum: In this Figure, or Fourme of the Crosse there is conteined a Sacrament. So saith Leo,e 1.19 Crux Christi, quae saluandis est impensa Fidelibus, & Sacramentum est, & exemplum: The Crosse of Christe, whiche was geuen to saue the Faitheful, is bothe a Sacramente, and also a Samplar. S. Hierome saithe,f 1.20 E latere Christi Bap∣tismi, atque Martyrij pariter Sacramente funduntur: Out of Christes side the Sacra∣mentes of Baptisme, and Martyrdome are powred foorthe bothe togeather.* 1.21 Leo cal∣leth the promisse of Virginitie, Sacramentum: Quid eos manebit, qui corruperine foedera Diuini Sacramenti? VVhat shal becomme of them, that haue broken the Coue∣nante of the Heauenly Sacramente?g 1.22 The Breade, that was geuen vnto the No∣uices, or Beginners in the Faithe, called Catechumeni, before they were Bap∣tized, of S. Augustine is called a Sacramente,h 1.23 S. Hilarie in sundrie places saith, Sacramentum Orationis: Sacramentum Esuritionis: Sacramentum Scrip∣turarum: Sacramentum Fletus: Sacramentum Sitis: The Sacramente of Praier: The Sacramente of Fastinge: The Sacramente of the Scriptures: The Sacramente of VVee∣pinge: The Sacramente of Thirste.i 1.24 S. Bernarde calleth the wasshinge of the Apostles foete, a Sacramente: Ablutio Pedum Sacramentum est quotidianorum peccatorum: The VVasshinge of feet is the Sacramente of daily Sinnes.

Thus many, and many moe Sacramentes, it had benne easy for M. Har∣dinge to haue founde in the Catholique Learned Fathers. Yet, I trowe, he wil not saie, that either the Helue of an Axe, or the whole Religion of Christe, or a Crosse printed in the foreheade, or Martyrdome, or the Scriptures, or a Vowe of Virginitie, or the Breade geuen to the Catechumeni, or Praier, or Fastinge, of Wéepinge, or Thirste, or Wasshinge of féete, are the necessarie seuen Sacra∣mentes of the Churche.

How be it, wée wil not greately striue for the name. It appeareth hereby, that many thinges, that in deede, and by special propertie be no Sacramentes, maie neuerthelesse passe vnder the general name of a Sacramente. But thus wee saie, It cannot be proued, neither by the Scriptures, nor by the Ancient Learned Fathers, that this Number is so specially appointed, and Consecrate to this pourpose, or that there be neither moe, nor lesse Sacramentes in the Churche, but onely Seuen.

As for the Reasones, that they of M. Hardinges side haue brought vs for proufe hereof,, they are too Childishe to be remembred. For thus they saie,

The Booke in the Apocalyps hathe Seuen Seales:* 1.25 The Seuen Angels there haue Seuen trumpettes:* 1.26 Christe hath in his right hande Seuen starres:* 1.27 Christ vvalketh in the middes of Seuen golden Candlesticks:* 1.28 Zacharie savve Seuen eies vpon a stone:* 1.29 There vvere Seuen Candlestickes in the Tabernacle:* 1.30

Ergo,* 1.31 saie they, there muste needes be iuste Seuen Sacramentes in the Churche of God.

But vnto euery necessarie Sacramente of the Churche, twoo thinges speci∣ally are required: that is, a Sensible outwarde Elemente, and the Woorde of In∣stitution. And without either of these there is no Sacramente. Therefore S. Augustine saithe,* 1.32 Accedat Verbum ad Elementum, & fit Sacramentum: Ioine the Woorde of Christes Institution vnto the sensible Creature, or outwarde Elemente: and thereof is made a Sacramente. The Element, or Creature in Baptisme is Wa∣ter: the Elementes, or Creatures in Our Lordes Supper, are Breade, & Wine: The woordes of Institution are common, and knowen.

The other fiue Sacramentes want, either the Woorde, or the Elemente, or bothe togeather: As for example, Matrimonie, Order, and Penance haue the Woorde of God, but they haue no outwarde Creature, or Elemente. Extreme Vnction, and Confirmation haue neither VVoorde, nor Elemente. Therefore these fiue later, in proper vse of speache, are not taken for Sacramentes of the Churche.

For thus Alexander of Hales saithe,* 1.33 Sacramentum Confirmationis, vt est Sacramentum, neque Dominus instituit, neque Apostoli: Sed postea institutum est in Concilio Meldensi: The Sacramente of Confirmation, as it is a Sacramente, was not ordeined, either by Christe, or by the Apostles: but afterwarde in the Councel of Melda.

So likewise Durandus saithe, Matrimonium strictè, & proprié loquendo, non est Sacramentum:* 1.34 Matrimonie in dewe, and proper kinde of speache is no Sacramente.

Nowe to that, wée make accoumpte onely of Tvvo Sacramentes, as insti∣tuted by Christe,* 1.35 wherewith M. Hardinge findeth him selfe so mutche offended, it maie please him to vnderstande, that the Anciente Learned Fathers, Irenaeus, Iustinus Martyr, Tertullian, S. Ambrose, Cyrillus Alexandrinus, and others, hauinge occasion to intreate of pourpose, and specially hereof, speake onely of Tvvo Sacramentes, Baptisme, and Our Lordes Supper, and name none other. S. Cyprian saithe, Tunc demùm planè sanctificari, & esse Filij Dei possunt, si vtro{que} Sacramento nascantur: Then maie they be throughly Sanctified, and become the Children of God, if they be newe borne by both the Sacramentes. S. Augustine saith, Quaedam Pauca pro multis, eadem{que} factu facillima, & intellectu augustissima, & obseruatione castissima, ipse Dominus, & Apostolica tradidit disciplina: sicuti est Baptismi Sacra∣mentum, & Celebratio Corporis, & Sanguinis Domini: Our Lorde, and his Apo∣stles haue deliuered vnto vs a fevve Sacramentes in steede of many, and the same in dooing moste easy, in signification moste excellent, in obseruation most reuerende: as is the Sacrament of Baptisme, and the Celebration of the Body, and Bloude of Our Lorde. Againe, speakinge of Baptisme, and the Supper, he saithe thus: Haec sunt Ecclesiae Gemina Sacramenta: These be the Tvvoo Sacramentes of the Churche. Paschasius saithe, Sunt Sacramenta Christi in Ecclesia Catholica, Baptismus, &

Corpus,* 1.36 & Sanguis Domini: These be the Sacramentes of Christe in the Catholique Churche: Baptisme, and the Body, and Bloud of our Lorde. To be short, Car∣dinal Bessarion saithe,* 1.37 Haec Duo Sola Sacramenta in Euangelijs manifestè tradita legimus: Wee reade, that these Onely tvvoo Sacramentes were deliuered to vs plain∣ly in the Scriptures.

Here hath M. Hardinge in expresse woordes, Bothe the Sacramentes, and the tvvo sacramentes, and the Onely tvvo Sacramentes of the Churche. Iudge thou nowe therefore, good Christian Reader, what truthe thou maiste recken to be in him, that saithe, Beza, and they of this side are manifestly founde liers.

Al these thinges notwithstanding, the late pretensed Councel of Tridente with moste horrible threates, and great Curses, concludeth the contrarie: Si quis dixerit,* 1.38 Sacramenta Nouae Legis non fuisse omnia à Iesu Christo Domino nostro institu∣ta, aut esse Plura, vel pauciora, quàm septem, aut etiam aliquod horum non esse ve∣ré, & propriè Sacramentum, Anathema sit: If any man shal saie, that the Sacramentes of the Newe Lawe were not al ordeined of Our Lorde Jesus Christe: or that there be fevver, or moe then seuen: or that any one of the same, verily, and in proper vse of speache is not a Sacramente, accursed be he.

But ye saie, Luther, and the Germaines admitte three Sacramentes, Bap∣tisme, the Lordes Supper, and Penance: And Philip Melancthon afterwarde founde out the fourthe. O, M. Hardinge, what is it, that thus enflameth your tongue to speake Vntruthe? Yf it had pleased you, to haue séene it, Luther, & Me∣lancthon plainely expressed theire owne meaninge, and vtterly remoued al man∣ner occasion of sutche cauilles.* 1.39 Luther writeth thus, Propriè ea visum est vocare Sacramenta, quae annexis Signis promissa sunt: Coetera, quia Signis alligata non sunt, nuda promissa sum. Quò fit, ut si rigidè loqui velimus, tantùm duo sint in Ecclesia Dei Sacramenta, Baptismus, & Panis: cùm in his Solis, & institutum diuinitùs sig∣num, & promissionem Remissionis Peccatorum videamus: In Proper speache those wee cal Sacramentes, whiche are promissed with signes annexed. The reste, that haue no Signes, are bare promisses. Wherefore speakinge hereof precisely, and strictely, there are Onely tvvo Sacramentes in the Churche of God, Baptisme, and the Breade: for as mutche as in these Onely we finde bothe the Signe ordeined by God, and also the Pro∣misse of Remission of Sinnes.* 1.40 Likewise Melancthon saithe, He can wel cal Order, a Sacrament, so that it be knowen from Baptisme, and the Supper, whiche in Proper speache, and verily be called Sacramentes.

Notes

• * 1.1

  The Defen∣ders ac∣knovvledge but tvvoo Sacraments.
• * 1.2

  Diuersitie of Iudge∣mente in the Gospel¦lers about the number of the Sa∣cramentes.
• * 1.3

  Vntruthe fond and vaine.
• ‡ 1.4

  Vntruthe, proceedinge of vnaduised ma∣lice, Reade the ansvveare.
• * 1.5

  That there be moe Sa∣cramentes then tvvoo by the Do¦ctrine of the Fathers Cap. 104. The Sacra∣mente of Confirma∣tion.
• * 1.6

  This forged Melciades auan∣ceth his Oile a∣boue the Sacra∣mente of Bap∣tisme.
• * 1.7

  The Sacra∣mente of Penance. Cap. 66. Homil. 20. in epist. ad Heb.
• * 1.8

  The Sacra∣mente of Order.
• * 1.9

  The Sacra∣mente of vvedlocke. Lib. de Fide & Operib. c. 7.
• * 1.10

  The Sacra∣mente of extreme Vnction. Iacob. 5. Lib. 3. de sacerdo.
• * 1.11

  Vntruthe. For the Ancient Fa∣neure recken precisely Seuen onely Sacra∣mentes,
• * 1.12

  Number of Sacra∣mentes.
• * 1.13

  As this is true, so vve desire further credite.
• * 1.14

  1. Timot. 3.
• a 1.15

  Tertul. Aduer∣sus Iud. cos.
• b 1.16

  Tertull. contra. Marcionem, li. 4.
• c 1.17

  Augustin. in Epist. 112.
• d 1.18

  Augustin. in Sermone De Sanctis. 19.
• e 1.19

  Leo de Resur∣rectione Domi∣ni, Sermo. 2.
• f 1.20

  Hieronym. ad Oceanum.
• * 1.21

  Inter Decreta Leonis, Cap. 14.
• g 1.22

  Augustin. De Peccator merit. & remiss. Li 2.
• h 1.23

  Hilar. in Matt. Canon 11. &. 12. & Canon. 23.
• i 1.24

  Bernard. in Sermo. De Coena Domini.
• * 1.25

  Apocalyp. 5.
• * 1.26

  Apocalyp. 8.
• * 1.27

  Apocalyp. 7.
• * 1.28

  Apocalyp. 1.
• * 1.29

  Zachar. 3.
• * 1.30

  Exod 37.
• * 1.31

  In Compendi•• Theologiae.
• * 1.32

  Augustin. in Io∣han. tracta. 80.
• * 1.33

  Alexander. Ha∣len. par. 4. qu••. 24. mem. 1.
• * 1.34

  Durandus.
• * 1.35

  Irenaeus. Iustin. Apol. 2. Tertul. 1. & 4. Con. Marcion. Ambros. De Sa∣cramen. Cyril. in Mysta∣gogicis. Cyprian. Li. 2. Epist. 1. ad Steph. Augustin. De Doctrina Chri∣stian. Li. 3. ca. 9. August. De Sym∣bolo ad Cate∣chumenos. Paschasius De Coena Domini.
• * 1.36

  Tvvo Sa∣cramentes
• * 1.37

  Bessarion De Sacramento Eu∣charistiae.
• * 1.38

  Concil. Triden. Session. 7.
• * 1.39

  In Captiuitate Babylonica.
• * 1.40

  In Apologia Confessionis Augustinae.