A defence of the Apologie of the Churche of Englande conteininge an answeare to a certaine booke lately set foorthe by M. Hardinge, and entituled, A confutation of &c. By Iohn Iewel Bishop of Sarisburie.

The B. of Sarisburie.

Here it pleasethe M. Hardinge of his Courtesie to saye, Wée haue blotted our pa∣pers with so many, & so many impudente Lies. His whole discourse standeth one∣ly in the Construction of this woorde, Vniuersal, in what sense it maye be either re∣fused, or claimed. How be it, vnderstand thou, gētle Reader, that al this is M. Har∣dinges owne onely Commētarie. For other Doctour, or Father he allegeth none.

Firste, where it is saide, that S. Gregorie by this woorde, Vniuersal Bishop, meante him, that woulde be Bishop alone ouer al the worlde, excludinge al others, this exposition is not onely strange, but also vaine, and fonde, and voide of reason. For what Bishop of Constantinople euer was there, that called him selfe the On∣ly Bishop, and excluded al others? Doubtelesse Iohn, that firste laide Claime vnto this name, as he called him selfe the Vniuersal Bishop, so he wrote his Let∣ters vnto others, and neuer refused to calle them Bishoppes.

But, to leaue these Gloses, and fantasies, by the Title of Vniuersal Bishop, S▪ Gregorie meante sutche a one, not, as would be Bishop alone, but as woulde claime Infinite Authoritie, and Vniuersal Iurisdiction ouer al other Bishoppes throughout the Worlde: and that, as S. Cyprian saithe, woulde calle him selfe, Episcopum Episcoporum: The Bishop of Bishoppes.

Therefore S.* 1.1 Gregorie thus writeth vnto Iohn the Bishop of Constantinople. the Firste Vsurper of this Title: Quid tu Christo Vniuersalis Ecclesiae Capiti in Ex∣tremi Iudicij responsurus es examine, qui cuncta eius Membra tibimet conaris Vniuersalis appellatione supponere? What answeare wilt thou make vnto Christe the Heade of the V∣niuersal Churche, when thou shalt be examined at the laste Judgement, (not that thou haste called thee selfe the Onely Bishop, but) that thus goest aboute by the name of Vniuersal Bishop to make al his Members subiecte vnto thee? It was this Immoderate Vniuer∣sal. Iurisdiction, that S. Gregorie reproued, and not the makinge of him selfe Bi∣shop alone, excludinge al others.

Likewise he writeth of him selfe vnto Eulogius:* 1.2 Beatitudo vestra mihi sic lo∣quitur, Sicut Iussistis. Quod Verbum Iussionis, peto, à meo auditu remouete. Nō Iussi: Sed quae vtilia visa sunt, indicare curaui: Your Holinesse saithe thus vnto me, (beinge the Bishop of Rome) As you haue Commaunded. Haue awaye this woorde of Commaundinge from my Hearinge, I beseeche you. I Commaunded you not: but that I tooke to be the beste, I thought good to shewe you. The faulte therefore, that Gregorie findeth with Iohn the Bishop of Constantinople, stoode not in cal∣ling him selfe the Onely Bishop, for so he neuer did, but in Bidding, & Commaun∣ding, & Claiming Vniuersalitie of Iurisdiction ouer the whole Churche of Christe. And for that cause he saithe vnto Eulogius:* 1.3 Ecce in Praefatione Epistolae, quam ad ••••eipsum, qui prohibui, direxistis, Superbae Appellationis Verbum, Vniuersalem

me Papam dicentes imprimere Curastis.* 1.4 Quod, peto, dulcissima mihi Sanctitas ve∣stra vltra non faciat: quia vobis subtrahitur, quod alteri plusquam ratio exigit praebetur: Beholde euen in the Title of your Letter ye haue written this Prowde Posee, naminge me The Vniuersal Pope: notwithstanding I haue forbidden it. I beseche your Holinesse, to doo so nomore. For what so euer is geuen vnto any other aboue reason, the same is taken from your selues.

M. Hardinge saithe, Gregorie affirmeth the Charge of the whole, and denieth the name of Vniuersal. Let these Defenders (saithe he) graunte the thinge, and wée striue not for the name. Verily this plaie had benne to vaine for Childrē: to allow y^• thinge it selfe, and to cauil onely about the name: that is to receiue the Body, and to shunne the Shadowe:* 1.5 Or, as Christe saithe, to swalowe a Camel, and to straine a gnatte. So App••an saithe, Iulius Caesar nicely refused to be called a Kinge: and yet in al manner Authoritie, and Gouernmente bare him selfe none otherwise, then as a Kinge.

It was not the bare Name of Vniuersal Bishop, that so mutche offended the Holy Fathers: but the Pride, and Tyrannie, and Vniuersal Gouernmente, & Iu∣risdiction, that is signified by that name. If the name were naught, then was the Vsurpation of the thinge it selfe a greate deale woorse.

But S. Gregorie saithe, The Charge, and Principalitie of the whole Churche was committed vnto Peter. This is not denied. In like sorte Chrysostome saithe, The like Charge, and Principalitie of the Churche was committed vnto Paule. For thus he writeth,* 1.6 Paulo Totus Orbis creditus est Paulus gubernat Orbis Ecclesiam: Paulus Vni∣uersum gubernat Orbem: Vnto Paule the whole World is committed: Paule gouerneth the Churche of the VVorld. Paule ruleth y^• vvhole vvorld. And yet Chrysostome meant not hereby, y^• Paule had the Vniuersal Gouernmente of the whole: but that his care, & Charge was general,* 1.7 as not bound or limited vnto one place, but indifferente, & cō∣mō vnto al. So he saithe, Paulus tā anxi•• omniū salutē curabat, ••c si Totus Mundus vnica esset Domus: Paule was so careful for the Saluation of al menne, as if the Whole Worlde had benne but one House.* 1.8 Againe, Paulum tangebat solicitudo Omnium Ecclesiarum: non Vn••us, aut Duarum, aut Trium, sed Omnium, quae erant per Orbem Terrarum: Paule was moued with the care of Al Churches: not of One, or Two, or Three, but of Al the Churches throughout the World. Likewise he saithe of S. Iohn, Columna erat Omniū, quae in Orbe sunt, Ecclesia••um. He was the Piller of Al the Churches in the Worlde. Li∣kewise againe of S. Mathewe, Matthaeus Vniuersi Orbis curam gerebat: The Whole VVorlde was vnder Mathewes Charge.* 1.9

Therefore if M. Hardinge wil geather out of these thrée woordes of S. Gregorie (Totius Ecclesiae Cura) that Peter had Vniuersal Iurisdiction ouer al, it muste néedes folowe by the same woordes, that Paule, Iohn, and Mathewe had the same Iurisdiction ouer al. What other thinge he hopeth to gaine by these Woordes of S. Gregorie, I cannot tel: Onlesse happily he wil founde his reason thus: S. Gregorie saithe, Petrus Vniuersalis Apostolus non vocatur: Peter is not called the Vni∣uersal Apostle: Ergo, The pope is the Vniuersal Bishop.

So handsomely these thinges are geathered togeather, to serue the Pourpose.

Pope Leo, ye saie, of Humilitie refused this Name openly in the Councel of Chalcedon. In déede Pope Gregorie so reporteth it. Notwithstandinge it appea∣reth not by any thinge donne in that Coūcel, that this Title was euer offered him. And to refuse a thinge before it be offered, it is no greate pointe of Humilitie.

To be shorte, the beste wée can geather hereof, is this: Iohn the Bishop of Con∣stantinople ambitiously craued this name: Pope Leo godly refused it being offe∣red vnto him: The Popes afterward gladly receiued it without offering. If it were

a good name,* 1.10 why was it refused? If it were an il name, why was it receiued?

Nowe let vs sée, what they of M. Hardinges side haue meante by this woorde, Vniuersal, and with what Humilitie the Popes haue receiued the same. Thus therefore they write:a 1.11 Papa est Ordinarius Totius Mundi: The Pope is the Ordinarie of al the VVorld.b 1.12 Papa est Ordinarius Omnium hominum. The Pope is the Ordina∣rie of Al menne:c 1.13 Papa Totius Orbis obtinet Principatum: The Pope hathe the Princehood of Al the VVorlde: And when the Pope is Consecrate, the Chiefe Minister saith vnto him,d 1.14 Ego inuestio te de Papatu, vt Praesis Vrbi, & Orbi: I doo inueste thee with the Popedome, that thou maiste rule both the Cittie, and the VVorlde.

And whereas M. Hardinge demaundeth, how many Popes haue claimed this name, it may please him to remember, that in the late Councel of Constance it was not onely claimed, but also published, as an Article of y^• Faithe. The woordes are these,e 1.15 De necessitate Salutis est credere, Papam esse Oecumenicum: It is of the ne∣cessitie of Saluation to beleue, that the Pope is the Vniuersal Bishop.

Of this Vniuersalitie of Power Franciscus Zarabella writeth thus:f 1.16 Papa iam occupauit Omnia iura inferiorum Ecclesiarum, ira▪ vt inferiores Praelati sint pro nihilo: The Pope hathe nowe gotten the right of Al Inferiour Churches, so that the Inferiour Pre∣lates stande nowe for nothinge.

For these causes Gregorie callethe the name of Vniuersal Bishop. a Prophane, a Presumptuous, a Wicked and Antichristian name: Comparinge the Vsurper thereof with Lucifer, and Antichriste.

Notes

• * 1.1

  Cyprian. in Con••¦cil. Carthagin. Gregor. Lib. 4. Epist. 38.
• * 1.2

  Gregor. Lib. 4. Epist. 30.
• * 1.3

  Gregor. Lib. 7. Epist 30.
• * 1.4

  Vniuersal.
• * 1.5

  Ma••t. 23. Appianus: 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.
• * 1.6

  Chrys. in Sermo. De Eleemosy. Chrysost. in Act. Homili. 53.
• * 1.7

  Chrysost. De Laudibus Pauli, Homil. 2.
• * 1.8

  Chrys. in Homil. De Profectu Euangelij. Chrysost. ad Po∣pul. Antioche. Homil. 73.
• * 1.9

  Chrysost. in Pro∣logo in Iohan. Chrys. in Mat∣thae. Homil. 48.
• * 1.10

  Vniuersal
• a 1.11

  Abbas. De Cō∣cess. Praeben. Quia diuersita.
• b 1.12

  Extra, De Ap∣pel▪ Ve debitus, In Gloss.
• c 1.13

  Extra. De statu Regulari, Peri∣culoso. In Gloss.
• d 1.14

  Ceremoniar. Lib. 1. Cap. 4.
• e 1.15

  Paralipome. Vrspergen. De Disputatione Lipsica.
• f 1.16

  Francis. Zara∣bella.