A defence of the Apologie of the Churche of Englande conteininge an answeare to a certaine booke lately set foorthe by M. Hardinge, and entituled, A confutation of &c. By Iohn Iewel Bishop of Sarisburie.

The B. of Sarisburie.

Wee Confounde not these Offices, M. Hardinge, as yee beste knowe: but ra∣ther teache eche man, carefully to attende his owne Office. You, and youre Fa∣thers haue brought Confusion of Offices into the Churche of God, in that yes haue made youre Pope Heire Apparente vnto the Empiere: and haue armed him with al manner Authoritie, Spiritual, and Temporal: and haue geeuen him the right of Bothe Swerdes.

For thus youre owne Pope Nicolas telleth you stoutely in his owne behalfe, Christus Petro,* 1.1 Aeternae vitae Clauigero, Terreni simul, & Coelestis Imperij iura cō∣misit: Christe hath committed vnto Peter, the Keiebearer of Euerlastinge Life, the right, as wel of the Earthely, as of the Heauenly Empiere. Thus by youre Doctrine, Prieste∣hoode, Kingdome, Popedome, Empiere, are al conueighed wholy into one mannes handes: and so, by youre handlinge, one man is Prieste, Kinge, Pope, and Emperoure, al at once. This perhaps vnto the wise, maie seeme to be somme Confusion of Offices.

Touchinge that ye write of the rasshe attempte of Kinge Ozias, yee seeme not to vnderstande, neither out woordes, nor your owne. For wee teache not Princes, to Offer vp Incense in Sacrifice,* 1.2 as Ozias did: or by intrusion to thruste them selues into Bishoppes roumes: or to Preache, or to Minister Sacramentes, or to Binde, or to Loose: But onely to discharge theire owne Offices, and to doo that dutie, that Dauid, Salomon, Ezechias, Iosias, and other Noble, and godly Kinges did, and euermore was lawful for the Prince to doo. As for Right of Place, and Voice in Councel, it perteineth no lesse to the Prince, then to the Pope: as hereaf∣ter it shal better appeare.

Yee saie, Christe shal alwaies assiste his Churche: and shal euermore prouide her of good Gouernours. Thus, be youre negligence, and carelesse slouthfulnesse neuer so greate, bee youre liues neuer so loose: bee you Doumbe Dogges, not hable to barke, bee you Lanternes without Light, bee you Salte without sauoure, yet yee euermore dreame sweetely of Christes Promise, and assure youre selues vndoub∣tedly of his assistance: Euen as he that sommetime saide, Pan curer oues, ouium{que} magistros. Woulde God youre Bishoppes woulde doo their dutie, and doo it faith∣fully: The worlde shoulde haue lesse cause to complaine. Notwithstandinge, Christe is euermore mindeful of his promise. For when he seeth his Churche de∣faced, and laide waste, he raiseth vp faitheful Magistrates, and godly Princes, not to doo the Priestes, or Bishoppes duties: but to force the Priestes, and Bishoppes, to doo theire duties.

But yee saie, Christe hath placed in his Churche, somme Apostles, somme Pro∣phetes,* 1.3 somme Euangelistes, somme Pastoures, somme Teachers. Kinges, ye saie, and Princes bée not there named. Hereof yée conclude, Ergo, The Prince maie not cause the Abuses of his Church to be refourmed: nor ouersee the Priestes,* 1.4 and Bishoppes, if thei be negligente: nor force them to doo their dueties.

I marueile, M. Hardinge, where yée learned so mutche Logique. Howe frame yee this Argumente? In what Moode? In what Figure? With what ce∣ment can yée make these séely loose partes to cleaue togeather? It pitieth me to sée your case. For by like fourme of Argumente, and with mutche more likeli∣hoode of Reason, wée maie turne the same againste your selfe, and maie saie thus: Christe hath placed in his Churche, somme Apostles, somme Prophetes, somme Euangelistes, somme Pastoures, somme Teachers: The Pope, and his Car∣dinalles are not here named: Apostles they are not, For the Apostles were but twelue: Prophetes they are not, for they Prophesie nothinge: Euangelistes they be not, for they Preache not: Pastours, or Feeders they are not, for they Feede not: Doctours, or Teachers they are not, for they teache not. Ergo, by this Authoritie of S. Paule, and by your owne Argumente, The Pope, and his Cardinalles be vtterly excluded, and maie not meddle with the charge of the Churche of God.

In sutche good Substantial sorte Pope Paulus. 3. not longe sithence, reaso∣ned againste the Emperoure Charles the Fifthe,* 1.5 En ego supra Pastores meos: Beholde, saithe God Almighty, I wil pounishe my Priestes, and Bishoppes, for their negligence, and wickednesse: Ergo, saithe Pope Paulus, The Prince, or Empe∣roure maie not pounishe them.

In this your manner of Reasoning, M. Hardinge, there are welneare as many Errours, as there be woordes. The firste is, Ignoratio Elenchi: which is the gros∣sest Fallax of al the reste: Secondly, yee conclude without either Moode, or Fi∣gure: as a very childe maie easily see. Thirdely, yée Reason á Meris Particulari∣bus, or, A non Distributo ad Distributum. Fourthely, these woordes, Rule, or Charge of the Churche, are woordes of double, and doubteful meaninge. And therefore your Syllogismus, sutche as it is, must néedes stande of Foure Termes: whiche erroure in Reasoninge is too simple for a childe.

Touchinge these woordes, Rule, and Charge, whiche I saide, are double, and doubteful, notwithstandinge wee saie, bothe the Prince, and the Bishop haue Charge of the Churche, yet the Prince, and the Bishop haue not bothe one kinde of Charge. The Bishoppes Charge is, to Preache, to Minister Sacra∣mentes, to Order Priestes, to Excommunicate, to Absolue &c. The Princes charge is, not to doo any of these thinges him selfe, in his owne Personne, but one∣ly to see, that they be donne, and orderly, & truely donne by the Bishoppes.

I graunte, there be many Special Priuileges graunted vpon greate, and iuste considerations, of the méere fauoure of the Prince, that a Prieste, being founde ne∣ligente, or otherwise offendinge in his Ministerie, should be conuented, & pouni∣shed, not by the Temporal, or Ciuile Magistrate, but by y^• discretion of the Bishop.

But, that a Prince, or Magistrate maie not lawfully calle a Prieste before him, to his owne seate of Iudgemente, or that many Catholique, and Godly Princes haue not so donne, and donne it lawfully, it is moste vntrue. The Emperoure Iustinian him selfe, who of al others moste enlarged the Churches Priuileges,* 1.6 saithe thus: Nullus Episcopus inuitus ad Ciuilem, vel Militarem Iudi∣cem, in qualibet causa produeatur, vel exhibeatur: nisi Princeps iubeat: Let no Bi∣shop be brought, or presented, againste his wil, before the Captaine, or Ciuile Iudge, what so euer the cause be: Onlesse the Prince shal so commaunde it. The Emperoure

Martianus commaundeth, if the cause be criminal, that the Bishop be conuented before the Lieutenant: Vt coram Praeside conueniatur. Pope Innocen∣tius. 3. him selfe confesseth, that the Pope maie make a Laie man his Delegate, to heare,* 1.7 and determine in Priestes Causes. The like hereof yée maie finde in your owne Glose: Papa Laico delegat causam Spiritualem: The Pope committeth the hearinge of a Spiritual mater vnto a Laie man. Yea, further yée shal finde euen in the Popes owne Decrees,* 1.8 that the Pope hath committed a Spiritual mater in a cause of Simonie, to be hearde, and ended by a VVooman: & that Brunichildis, beinge a VVooman, by vertue of the Popes Commission, summoned a Bishop, to ap∣peare, and solemnely to make his Purgation before her.* 1.9 Notwithstandinge, in your Glose vpon the same it is noted thus: Fuit tamen hîc nimium Papaliter Dispensatum: The Pope was too Popelike in this Dispensation.

The Emperoure Constantinus wrote thus vnto the Bishoppes,* 1.10 y^• had benne at the Councel of Tyrus: Cuncti quotquot Synodum Tyri compleuistis, sine mora ad Pietatis nostrae castra properate: ac re ipsa, quàm sincerè ac rectè iudicaueritis, ostenda∣tis:* 1.11 Id{que} Coram me, quem sincerum esse Dei Ministrum, ne vos quidem negabitis: Al yee, that haue benne at the Councel of Tyrus, comme without delaie vnto our Campe, and shewe me plainely, and without Coloure, how vprightly ye haue dealte in Judgemente: and that euen before me selfe, whome you cannot denie to be the true Seruante of God.

Iustinian the Emperoure, in the Lavve, y• he maketh, touching the Publike Praiers of the Churche, saithe thus: VVee commaunde al Bishoppes and Priestes, to Minister the Holy Oblation,* 1.12 and the Praier at the Holy Baptisme, not vnder silence, but with sutche voice, as maie be hearde of the Faitheful People: to the intente, that the hartes of the hearers maie be sturred to more deuotion, &c. Afterwarde he addeth fur∣ther, And let the Holy Priestes vnderstande, that, if they neglecte any of these thinges, they shal make answeare therefore at the dreadeful Judgement of the Great God, and our Sa∣ueoure Iesus Christe. And yet neuerthelesse vve ourselues vnderstanding the same, vvil not passe it ouer, nor leaue it vnpounished. Hereby wée sée, that Godly Princes maie summone Bishoppes, to appeare before them, euen in Causes Eccle∣siastical, to receiue sutche pounishment, as they haue deserued. Likewise the Emperoure Constantinus, in his Letters vnto the People of Nicomedia, spea∣kinge of the wilful Errours, & Heresies of Priestes, and Bishoppes, saithe thus: Illorum temeraria praesumptio,* 1.13 mea, hoc est, Ministri Christi, manu coercebi∣tur: Their rashe attemptes shalbe repressed by my hande, that is to saie, by the hande of Christes Seruante. So likewise saithe S. Augustine vnto the Donatistes: An fortè de Religione fas non est vt dicat Imperator, vel quos miserit Imperator? Cur ergo ad Imperatorem Legati vestri venerunt? It is not lawful, that the Emperours, or the Em∣perours deputee should pronounce in a case of Religion? Wherefore then wente your owne Embassadoures to the Emperoure?

But what speake wee of other Priestes, and Inferiour Bishoppes? The Popes them selues, notwithstandinge al their Vniuersal Povver, haue submitted them selues, & made their Purgations before Kinges, & Emperoure. Pope Liberius made his humble appearance before the Emperoure Constantius:* 1.14 Pope Sixtus was accused, and made his Purgation before the Emperoure Valentinian: Pope Leo 3.* 1.15 beinge accused by Paschalis, and Campulus, pleaded his cause before Ca∣rolus Magnus at Rome, not yet chosen Emperoure. Pope Iohn. 22. was accu∣sed of Heresie,* 1.16 and forced to recante the same vnto Philip the Frenche Kinge.

Pope Leo 4.* 1.17 in this wise humbly submitteth him selfe vnto the Iudgemente of Levves the Emperoure: Nos si incompetenter aliquid egimus, & in Subditis iustae Legis tramitem non conseruauimus, vestro admissorum nostrorum cuncta volu∣mus emendare iudicio: Yf wee haue donne any thinge oute of order, and if wee haue not

folowed the right course of the Lawe ouer our Subiectes, vve vvil amende al our faultes by your Maiesties Iudgemente.

Your owne Glose saithe, Papa potest dare potestatem Imperatori, vt depo∣nat ipsum: & sese in omnibus illi subijcere: The Pope maie geeue the Emperoure power to depose him selfe:* 1.18 and maie in al thinges submit him selfe vnto him. To be shorte, Franciscus Zarabella saithe, Papa accusari potest coram Imperatore de quoli∣bet crimine notorio: Et Imperator requirere potest à Papa rationem Fidei: The Pope maie be accused before the Emperoure of any notorious crime: and the Emperoure maie require the Pope to yeelde an accoumpte of his Faithe.

Now therefore, M. Hardinge, I reporte me to your owne indifferent iudge∣mente, how true it is, y^• yee saie, It is not conuenient, for a Kinge to calle Priestes before him to his owne Seate of Iudgemente. Verily, this Note yee might haue founde Glosed in your owne Decretalles:* 1.19 Quaeritur, quis exemit Clericum de Iurisdictione Imperato∣ris, cum priùs esset illi subiectus? Dicit Laurentius, quòd Papa de consensu Principis: A question is moued, VVho hath exempted a Prieste from the Jurisdiction of the Emperoure, whereas before he was subiecte to the Emperours Courte? Laurence saithe, The Pope hath exempted him, by the Consente of the Prince. Yee see therefore, M. Hardinge, your Priestes, Abbates, and Bishoppes haue theire Priuileges, and Exemptions, not by any right of Goddes Woorde, but onely by the Popes Policie, and by the Spe∣cial fauoure of the Prince.

Notes

• * 1.1

  Dist. 22. Omnes.
• * 1.2

  2. Paralip. 26.
• * 1.3

  A Bishop cōuented before the Magistrate.
• * 1.4

  Ephes. 4.
• * 1.5

  Epistola Pauli. 3. ad Carolum. 5.
• * 1.6

  Cod. Li. 1. de E∣pis. & Clericis. Nullus.
• * 1.7

  Cod. De Epis. audi. Si qui ex consensu.
• * 1.8

  Cod. De Epis. & Clericis. Cum Clericis.
• * 1.9

  De Maiorit. & Obedient. Ca. 2. Innocent.
• * 1.10

  Il. q. 1. Clericum nullus.
• * 1.11

  2. qu. 5. Mennam. Socrates, Lib. 1. Cap. 34.
• * 1.12

  Authen. Consti∣tutione. 123.
• * 1.13

  Theodoretus Li. 1 Ca. 19. Augustin contra Epist Parmenia∣ni. Li. 1. Ca. 7.
• * 1.14

  Theodor. Lib. 2. Cap. 16.
• * 1.15

  2. Quaest. 4. Man. dastis.
• * 1.16

  2. Quae. 4. Au∣ditum.
• * 1.17

  Gerson in Ser∣mone Paschali. 2. quae. 7. Nos si.
• * 1.18

  Dist. 63. In Sy∣nodo. In Gloss. Francis. Zara∣bella, De sche∣mate, & Concil.
• * 1.19

  Extra. De Maio∣rita. & Obedie. Ca. 2. In Mar∣gin.