A defence of the Apologie of the Churche of Englande conteininge an answeare to a certaine booke lately set foorthe by M. Hardinge, and entituled, A confutation of &c. By Iohn Iewel Bishop of Sarisburie.

The B. of Sarisburie.

Here, yée saie, Sir Defender is pretily séene in Humanitie: For that, yée saie, séemeth to be his chiefe profession. Verily, M. Hardinge, Wee are wel pleased, to take sutche, and so mutche learninge, as you maie spare vs. Wee contende onely for Truthe, and not for Learninge. What so euer our Learninge be, if it maie please God, to vse it to his Glorie, it shalbe sufficiente, be it neuer so litle. How be it, had you not had somme good likinge in your owne Learninge, yée woulde not vpon so simple occasions haue vpbraided others.

Touchinge that,* 1.1 sundrie of your Doctours haue saide, the Pope cannot commit Simonie, firste it shalbe necessarie in that behalfe, to consider the state, and prac∣tise of the Churche of Rome. S. Bernarde, writinge vnto Pope Eugenius, saith, Limina Apostolorum Ambitio iam plùm terit,* 1.2 quàm Deuotio. Vocibus Am∣bitionis vestrum toto die resultat Palatium: Ambitio in Ecclesia per te regna∣re molitur: The Apostles Entries, or Gates in Rome, are nowe more worne with Ambi∣tion, then with Deuotion. Al the daie longe your Palaice ringeth with the sounde of Ambition. By thy meanes, Ambition seeketh to reigne in the Churche of God. Againe he saith,* 1.3 Sacri gradus dati sunt in occasionem turpis Lucri: & quaestū aesti∣mant Pietatem: The Holy Degrees, or Ecclesiastical roumes are geeuen ouer to occasion of filthy gaine: and the same gaine they coumpte Holinesse. Ludouicus Viues saith, Romae cùm omnia propè vendantur, & emantur, nihil tamen agas sine Lege, ac Formula, at{que} euam Sanctissimi iuris: At Rome, not withstandinge al thinges be boughte, and solde, yet maie yee doo nothinge there without Fourme, and Order, and that of most Holy Religion.

Your owne Glose saithe,* 1.4 Roma est Caput Auaritiae. Ideò omnia ibi vendun∣tur: Rome is the Heade of Couetousnesse. Therefore al thinges there are boughte, and solde. Where as also Iohannes Andreae, your greate Canoniste, noteth this Verse, allu∣dinge to the name of Rome,

Roma manus rodit: quos rodere non valet, odit.

Durandus saithe,* 1.5 Simonie so reigneth in the Churche of Rome, as though in deede it vvere no Sinne. To be shorte, these twoo Veries were commonly spreadde of Pope Alexander,

Vendit Alexander Claues, Altaria, Christum. Vendere iure potest: Emerat ipse priús.* 1.6

Pope Alexander maketh sale of his Keies, of his Aultares, and of Christe him selfe. VVel maie he lesse these thinges: for he him selfe paied wel for them.

Notwithstanding, ye doubte not, but al this, by a prety soary Distinction, maie soone be excused. For thus yée saie: Verum est in ijs, quae sunt Simoniaca de lure Posiiuo solùm:* 1.7 Sed non in ijs, quae sunt Simoniaca de lure Diuino. Whereby, ye saie, the Authoure meaneth, that the Pope is not vnder the Rules of Simonie, concerninge sutche Lawes, & paines, as he him selfe, or his Predecessoures haue made, and prouided in that behalfe. And therefore, as your modeste manner is, yee saie, wee haue falsely alleged, and shamefully belied Summa Angelica. But why doo you not better open the seueral partes of your Distinction? Why doo ye not bet∣ter tea•• he vs to vnderstande, what is Simonie by Lavve Positiue: and what is Simonie by the Lavve of God? And why doo yée not declare eche parte by plaine Examples? Seeinge you thus to steale awaie in the darke, wée haue somme cause to doubte your dealinge.

How be it, to make the matter plaine, your owne Glose saith thus, Simonia∣ca desui Natura,* 1.8 sunt quae Nouo, aut Vereri Testamento prohibita sunt: vt, Emere, vel Vendere Sacramenta, Simoniaca de Iure Positiuo, sunt, quae solùm sunt Spiritua∣lia ex Constitutione Ecclesiae: vt sunt Tituli Beneficiorum Ecclesiasticorum &c. These thinges are Simoniacal of their ovvne Nature, that are forebidden in the Olde, and Newe Testamente: as to buie, or selle Sacramentes. These thinges are Simonia∣cal by Lavve Positiue, whiche are Spiritual onely by the ordinance of the Churche. Sutche are the Titles of al Ecclesiastical Benefices, and Dignities: Ac be Bishop∣rikes. Deanries, Abbies, Archedeaconries, &c. Thus, M. Hardinge, if your Pope selle Sacramentes, whiche wil yéelde him but litle monie, He maie be

charged with Simonie.* 1.9 But if he selle Bishoprikes, Deanries, Abbies, Arche∣deaconries, Prebendes, Personages, neuer so many, yet by the shifte of your prety Distinction, noman maie charge him. For al these thinges are Spiritual, onely by the Popes ovvne Positiue Lavve, that is to saie, by the Ordinance of the Churche. And thinke you not, so good a Distinction was wel woorthe the findinge oute? One of your owne Companie, speakinge hereof, saithe thus: O Petre,* 1.10 quantam animarum multitudinem cateruatim transmisit, & trans∣mittit ad Infernum haec Superstitialis, & Damnanda Distinctio? Multis est occa∣sio, & viam aperit and ruinam Damnationis aeternae: O Peter Peter, howe many Soules hath this Superstitious, and Damnable Distinction sente by heapes, and yet doothe dayly sende into Hel? It is an occasion vnto many, and openeth the waie vnto the fal of Euerlastinge Damnation.

To make the mater plaine,* 1.11 Baldus saithe, Simonia non cadit in Papam reci∣pientem: Though the Pope take monie, yet no Simonie can touche him. In like sorte saithe his felowe Bartolus, Papa non dicitur facere Simoniam, conferen∣do Beneficia,* 1.12 & Dignitates, accepta Pecunia: The Pope is not saide, to commit Si∣monie, although he take Monie for the Benefices, and Dignities of the Churche.

Theodoricus saithe, Papa non potest committere Simoniam. Sic tenent Iuristae.* 1.13 Quia Simonia excusatur per Authoritatem eius: The Pope cannot com∣mit Simonie. So holde the Canonistes. For Simonie by his Authoritie is excused. Fe∣linus saithe, Ista Glosa videtur dicere, quód Papa non committit Simoniam in recipiendo pecuniam pro collatione Beneficiorum: ex quo non ligatur pro∣prijs Constitutionibus. Tamen Moderni tenent indistinctè, quòd Papa non inuoluatur Crimine Simoniae:* 1.14 Et ita ego teneo: Et sic est seruanda commu∣nis opinio. Ergo Papa potest dictam prohibitionem Simoniae firmatam in Vniuersali Ecclesia, limitare respectu Apostolicae Sedis. Et si diceres, Requiri∣tur in talibus apparens causa, dico, hîc esse causam apparentem. Nam cessante tali redditu, qui maximus est, attenta hodierna Tyrannide, Sedes Apostolica con∣temneretur: This Glose seemeth to saie, that the Pope committeth not Simonie, re∣ceiuinge monie for the bestowinge of Benefices: for as mutche as the Pope is not bounde to his owne Constitutions. Yet nowe adaies the Lawiers holde, without any sutche Distinctiō, (of Lavve Positiue, and Lavve of God) that the Pope cannot in any wise comme within the daunger of Simonie. And so I mee selfe doo holde: and so the cōmon opinion must be holden.* 1.15 Therefore, notwithstandinge the Lawe y^t forebiddeth Simonie, take place in the whole Vniuersal Churche, yet in respecte of the Apostolique See of Rome, it maie be re∣strained. But thou wilte saie, In sutch cases there ought to be some apparente cause. I telle the, that there is a cause apparente. For this reuene we (of Simonie) whiche is very greate, beinge once cutte of, consideringe the Tyrannie, that nowe is, the Apostolique See woulde be despised. By this authoritie it appeareth, The Pope is not able to mainteine his Estate, and Countenance, nor to saue al thinges vpright, without Simonie.

Panormitane saithe, Etsi Papa accipiat pecuniam pro collatione alicuius Praela∣turae, aut Beneficij, tamen Dominus Cardinalis ait, Non committitur Simonia: Not∣withstandinge the Pope take monie for the bestoweinge of a Bishoprike, or of a Benefice, yet my Lorde Cardinal saithe, there is committed no Simonie. Archidiaconus Flo∣rentinus saithe, Papa recipiendo pecuniam, non praesumitur animo venden∣di recipere: Sed vt illa pecunia ad vsum suum conuertatur: cùm Papa sit Do∣minus Rerum Temporalium, per illud dictum Petri, Dabo tibi Omnia Regna Mundi:* 1.16 The Pope receiuing monie (for Bishoprikes, or Benefices) is not thought to take it by waie of sale: but onely, to turne the same monie to his owne vse. For the Pope is Lorde of al vvorldly goodes, as it appeareth by the woordes of Peter (whiche woo•• des notwithstandinge Peter neuer spake: for they were spoken by Sathan)

Vnto thee wil I geeue al the Kingedomes of the VVorlde.* 1.17

Againe Felinus saith, Quod datur Papae datur Sacrario Petri: nec est proprium Papae: Sed prodest danti, tanquam facienti opus pijssimum: What so euer is geeuen to the Pope,* 1.18 (for Bishoprike, or Benefce, by waie of Simonie) it is geeuen to S. Peters Treasurie. Neither is it the Popes owne seueral goodes. But it is auaileable to the geeuer, as vnto one, that doothe a moste Godly deede. Sutche a special grace hath the Pope. Of moste Diuelishe Vice,* 1.19 he is hable to make moste godly Vertue.

Hostiensis saithe, Papa potest vendere Titulum Ecclesiasticum, vt Episco∣patum, Abbatiam, &c. The Pope maie selle any Ecclesiastical Title, or Dignitie, as a Bishoprike, or an Abbie, without danger of Simonie.

But,* 1.20 what speake wee of the Pope? Your Cardinalles them selues, by your fa∣uourable Constructions, and godly orders, are likewise Priuileged, to committe Simonie, safely, and freely, & without blame. Panormitane saith, Cardinalis, pro Palafreno à nobili viro recepto,* 1.21 non praesumitur committere Simoniam: A Car∣dinal, for receiuinge a Palfraie of a Noble Man, (for a Benefice, or a Bishoprike) is not thought to commit Simonie.

Thus, whereas Christe draue Buiers, and Sellers out of the Churche, you by your proper Distinctions, haue receiued in Buiers, and Sellers, and thruste oute Christe.* 1.22 S. Hierome saithe, Per Nummularios significantur Beneficij Ecclesiasti∣ci venditores: qui Domum Dei faciunt Speluncam Latronum: By the Exchan∣gers are signified the Sellers of Ecclesiastical Benefices: whiche make the House of God, a Denne of Theeues.* 1.23 In your owne Decrees it is written hus, Tolerabilior est Macedonij Haeresis, qui asserit, Spiritum Sanctum esse Seruum Patris, & Filij. Nam isti faciunt Spiritum Sanctum Seruum suum: The Heresie of Macedonius, that saide, the Holy Ghoste is Seruante, and sclaue to the Father, and to the Sonne, is more to∣lerable, then is the Heresie of these simonistes. For these menne make the Holy Ghoste their owne Seruante.

Yet, yée saie, yee are wel assured, that the Truthe is in the Churche of Rome, and shal neuer departe from thence, notwithstandinge any disorder, or faulte whatsoeuer, there committed. And for proufe thereof, yee allege, as yée saie, the Woordes of God him selfe in y^• Prophete Esaie.* 1.24 Al be it, in that whole Prophete, there is not one woorde expressely mentioned of the Churche of Rome. Sutche a fantasie, as it appeareth, was sommetimes in the Heretiques, called the Mani∣chees. For thus thei saide,* 1.25 A Principibus Gentis Tenebrarum Lumen, ne ab ijs aufugeret, tenebatur: The Princes of the Nation of Darkenesse helde faste y• Light, leaste it shoulde flee from them. For euen so doothe the Pope, and his Cardinalles holde the Truthe, as the Princes, or Powers of Darkenesse helde the Lighte. It was harde dealinge for you, to binde Christe in Recognisance, not to departe from the Pope: yee should rather haue bounde the Pope, not to departe from Christe.

S. Hierome saithe,* 1.26 Prophetae Hierusalem non habent in ore Prophetiam: Et in Domino requiescunt, & dicunt: Non venient super nos mala. Quorum cau∣sa Speculatoriū Dei hostili aratro diuiditur: Et locus, quondam pacis, ruinis plenus fit: & Templum Domini in vepres, spinas{que} conuertitur, & est Habitaculum bestia∣rum: The Prophetes of Hierusalem haue neuer a woorde of Prophesie in their mouthes. Yet they reaste them selues vpon the Lorde, and saie, There shal no euil comme vpon vs. For thene sakes the Watche Tower of the Lorde is turned vp with the enimies Pleughe: the place of peace is ful of ruine: the Temple of the Lorde is turned into Breeres, and Thornes: and is becomme a stable of wilde beastes.

Notes

• * 1.1

  The Pope cannot commit Simonie.
• * 1.2

  Bernardus de Consideratione. Li. 3.
• * 1.3

  Bernardus in Conuersione Pauli. Sermo. 1. Dè Ciuitate Dei Li. 18. Cap. 22. Viues.
• * 1.4

  In Sexto De E∣lectione & E∣lect. potest. Fun∣damenta. In Glossa.
• * 1.5

  Durandus de modo Celebran∣di Concil. Ti. 20.
• * 1.6

  Musculus in Io∣han. Cap. 6.
• * 1.7

  Summa Angeli. in Simonia.
• * 1.8

  Extra. De Offi∣cio Iudicis De∣legati. Ex parte N. In Clossa.
• * 1.9

  The Pope cannot commit Simonie.
• * 1.10

  Aureum Specu∣lum.
• * 1.11

  ff. De Offi. prae∣roris. L. Barba∣rius. Colum. 2.
• * 1.12

  ff. Eod. Titulo. Ead. L. Barto∣lus.
• * 1.13

  Theodoricus De Schismate inter Vrban. & Cle∣ment. Lib. 2. Ca. 32.
• * 1.14

  Felinus de Offi∣cio Iudicis dele∣gati. Ex par∣te. N.
• * 1.15

  A iuste, and a reasonable cause, where∣fore the Pope maie selle Bi∣shoprikes, Dean∣ries, Abbies &c. Extra De Simo∣nia, Ca. 1. Nume∣ro. 6. Fol. 18. Abb. Archidiacon. in Tract. De Hae∣resi. ver. Et quia tanta est.
• * 1.16

  The Diuels VVoordes alleged vn∣der the name of S. Peter.
• * 1.17

  The Pope cannot commit Simonie.
• * 1.18

  Felinus De Offi. Iudicus delega. Ex parte. N.
• * 1.19

  The Pope changeth Vice into Vertue.
• * 1.20

  Extra De Simo∣nia. Ca. 1. Ho∣stien.
• * 1.21

  Extra. De simnia, Eisi questiones
• * 1.22

  Hieronymus.
• * 1.23

  1. Quaest. 1. Eos qui.
• * 1.24

  Esaie. 59.
• * 1.25

  Augustin. De Natura Boni, Ca 46.
• * 1.26

  Hieronym. in Michaeam. Ca. 4.