Lac puero[rum]. M. holti mylke for chyldren

Prima pars opuscull (Book 1)

THere ben. viii. partes of speche. Now¦ne Pronowne. Uerbe. Aduerbe. Par¦tycyple Coniunctyon. Preposicyon. and Interiectyō. ¶ Where of. iiii. be declyned and mouable / as Nowne / Pronowne: Uerbe: and particyple. And. iiii. vndeclyned and vnmouable. as Aduerbe: Cōiunctyon: Preposicyon: and Interiectyon. ¶ Of these. iiii. partes mouable / thre be declyned with ca∣se / as Nowne: Pronowne. and Partycyple. And ver¦be onely without case.

¶ Fyue thynges be expedient to the declynynge of a nowne. Artycle. Case: Gendre. Nombre: & Declēson

¶ Artycles be thre. hic hec and hoc.

¶ Also this aduerbe of callynge O. hath the rowme of an artycle in euery vocatyf case.

¶ Cases be. vi. Nominatyf. Genityf. Datyf. Accusa¦tyf. Uocatyf. and the Ablatyf.

¶ Gendres be fyue. The masculyne / as hic poeta.

The feminyne / as hec musa. The neutre as hoc tem∣plum. The comyne / as hic et hec sacerdos. All gen∣dres / as hic et hec et hoc felix.

¶ Nombres be two. The synguler / and plurell

¶ Declenson of artycles foloweth.

Declenson of artycles.

[illustration]

¶ Declensons be fyue.

¶ The fyrst is knowen by his examples. Poeta and musa. And euermore his genityf case sȳguler endeth in e. and all nownes of the fyrst declenson shall be de∣clyned after one of them.

¶ The seconde by his examples / magister: radius: and templum. And euermore his genityf case syngu¦ler endeth in i. and all nownes of the seconde declen∣son. &c.

¶ The thyrde by his examples. Bonitas: sacerdos & vulnus. And euermore his genityf synguler endeth in is. & all nownes of the thyrde declenson &c.

¶ The fourth by his examples. Uisus: and manus And euermore his genityf case synguler endeth ī us & all nownes of the fourth declenson &c.

¶ The fyfth by his examples. species and meridies. And euermore his genityf case synguler endeth in ei and all nownes of the fyfth declenson &c.

¶ The dyuysyon of nownes

¶ Of nownes. Some be propre / some appellatyf so∣me substantyf / some adiectyf / some interrogatyf / so∣me demonstratyf / some reddityf / & some relatyf

¶ Declenson of substantiues

¶ A nowne substantyf is declyned with one artycle as hic Poeta. or with two at the moost / as hic et hec sacerdos.

¶ Examples of the fyrst declenson.

Hic poeta. hui{us} te huic te. hunc poetam. o poeta. ab hoc poeta. The plurell hi poete: ho{rum} poetarum: his poetis hos poetas: o poete: ab his poetis.

¶ Here is to be noted / that in euery plurell nombre the vocatyf shall be lyke the nominatyf / and the abla¦tyf lyke the datyf. Also whan the nominatyf singu∣ler of this declenson endeth in as or in es / thou shalt put awayes to make the vocatyf / as hic Thomas / hic Anchises o thoma. o anchise. In all other of this declenson the vocatyf shall be lyke the nominatyf as hic poeta: o poeta.

The synguler. Hec musa: huius muse: huic muse. hāc sam. o sa. ab hac sa. The plurell he muse. harū sarum his sis. has sas. o muse: ab his musis.

¶ Here is to be noted that these. vii. nownes in this verse maketh the datyf and ablatyf plurell bothe in is and in abus

Filia nata deas liberta mulabus equabus.

Also the scrypture vseth aiabus: famulab{us}: dn̄abus / the whiche of all suche other be not of vse

¶ These nownes of Hebrewe Pascha: manna: ziza∣nia. and mammona. be the neutre gendre and of no declenson. Though we fynde in holy scrypture the ge¦nityf and datyf in e. more of vse than of rule / and ly∣ke wyse Adam and Abraham. As for alpha and iota and generally all names of letters they be both neu∣tre and vndeclyned And some lettred men saye hoc pascha paschatis. And polenta is the feminyne gen¦dre: vt Plautus. Ubi nequam homines polentam pransitant / how be it Ouide vseth hym in the neutre gendre / as Dulce dedit testa quod coxerat ante po∣lenta:

¶ Examples of the seconde declenson.

[illustration]

¶ Here is to be noted that the datyf and the ablatyf synguler of this declenson endeth alwaye in o.

Hic radius. hui{us} dii. huic dio hūc diū o die. ab hoc dio. The plurell his radii: ho{rum} radio{rum}: his radiis. &c

All nownes of this declenson that in the nominatyf synguler endeth in us. chaungeth us in e. in the voca¦tyf / as hic radi{us} o e hic dn̄s o e. hic petr{us} o e. Except iii appellatyues filius deus & agnus / filius maketh fili deus & agn{us} be lyke the noīatyf also agnus maketh agne. Saue propre names of men in ius. that doth a waye us and than remayneth y^e vocatyf / as hic vir∣gilius o virgilii. hic gregorius o ri.

Els in latyn the vocatyf shall be lyke the noīatyf by chaūgynge the artycle in to o / as hic vir o vir.

Hoc templū hui{us} pli. huic plo. hoc plū. o plū ab hoc plo The plu. hec tēpla. ho{rum} plo{rum}. his plis hec pla. o pla.

¶ Here is to be noted that all nownes of the neutre gendre / of what declenson that euer they be shall ha∣ue. ii. cases lyke in both nombres / the nominatyf ac∣cusatyf and vocatyf / as in templū. & these. iii. in y^e plu¦rell nombre euermore ende in a. outake ambo & duo the whiche be thus declyned.

The plurell Ambo be bo. bo{rum} ba{rum} bo{rum}. bob{us} bab{us} bo bus. bos bas bo. bo be bo. bob{us} bab{us} bob{us}. And so is duo declyned in euery case. In the thyrde / fourthe & fyfth declenson / the nominatyf accusatyf & vocatyf plurell shall alwaye be lyke / of what gendre soeuer y^t nownes be / vt exempla docebunt.

¶ Examples of the thyrde declenson.

Hec bonitas huius tatis huic tati. hanc tatē. o tas. ab

hac te. The plurel he tes. ha{rum} tum. his tibus.

Hic & hec sacerdos hui{us} tis. huic ti. hunc et hanc tatē. o dos ab hoc et ab hac te vel ti. The plurell hi & he tes ho{rum} & ha{rum} tum. his tibus hos et has tes &c

Hoc vuln{us} hui{us} eris. huic ri. hoc n{us}. o n{us} ab hoc nere. The plurell hec nera. ho{rum} ne{rum}. his neribus &c.

Whan the noīatyf synguler of this declenson endeth in is & y^e genityf plurell in iū. than may y^e accusatyf plurell ende both in es & in is. as hic ignis ho{rum} ignium hos ignes & ignis. hec restis ha{rum} restiū has restes et restis. hic hec testis ho{rum} ha{rum} testiū hos has testes & te¦stis. hic hec oīs ho{rum} ha{rum} oīm hos has oēs & oīs.

¶ Examples of the fourthe declenson

Hic visus hui{us} sus. huic sui hūc sum. o sus ab hoc visu The plu. hi sus. ho{rum} suū. his sib{us}. hos sus. &c.

Hec man{us} hui{us} nus. huic iii. hāc nū. o nus. ab hac nu.

The plu. he nus. ha{rum} uum. his nib{us}. has n{us}. &c.

¶ Here is to be noted that these nownes folowynge make theyr datyf & ablatyf plurell in ubus. But all other of his declenson kepe i before bus. Uersus

Partus portus acus ticus lacus artus et archus. Ouer cubus at{que} veru tribus & specus exit in ibus

¶ Examples of the fyfth declenson.

¶ Hic meredies hui{us} ei. huic ei. hunc em. o es. ab hoc e.

The plurell hi meridies ho{rum} erū. his ebus &c.

Hec species hui{us} ei. huic ei. hanc em. o es. ab hac c.

The plurell he es. ha{rum} erū. his ebus &c.

In the fyrst & the last declenson / the genityf & datys of the fyrste nombre be alwaye lyke / as huius poete, huic poete. huius meridiei. huic meridiei.

¶ Also all nownes of the fyfth declenson lacke thre cases in the plurell nombre / that is to saye / the geni∣tyf datyf and ablatyf. excepte these in these verses

Progenies vel maneries dic materies{que}. Spes acies facies sic res species{que} dies{que}.

¶ Declenson of adiectyues.

¶ Of adiectyues some be declyned with. iii. artycles and one terminacyon / as hic hec hoc felix: some with thre artycles and. ii. terminacyons: as hic hec turpis et hoc turpe. some with thre artycles and thre termi∣nacyons / as hic saluber: hec salubris. et hoc salubre: some with. iii. diuerse endynges onely. and that thre wyses us. a um. as Bonus bona bonū. er. a. um. as.

Niger nigra nigrum. els ur. a. um. as Satur ra. um as the examples shewed.

Hic et hec et hoc felix. huius felicis. huic felici. hunc & hanc felicē. et hoc felix. o felix: ab hoc et hac et hoc ce. vel ci. The plurell hi & he felices & hec cia. ho{rum} & ha{rum} & ho{rum} cium. his cibus. hos & has ces & hec cia. o 〈◊〉〈◊〉 ces et o felicia. ab his felicibus.

Hic et hec turpis & hoc turpe. hui{us} pis. huic pi. hunc et hanc pem & hoc pe. o turpis & o pe. ab hoc & hac & hoc turpi. The plurell hi & he turpes & hec pia. ho{rum} & ha{rum} et ho{rum} turpiū. his turpibus.

Hic & hec doctior & hoc cti{us}. hui{us} ctioris. huic ctiori hūc & hāc ctiorē & hoc ctius. o ctior & o ctius. ab hoc et hac & hoc ctiore 〈◊〉〈◊〉 ctiori. The plurell hi & he ores & hec ora ho{rum} & ha{rum} & ho{rum} ctio{rum}. his doctioribus. &c.

Bonus a. um. boni e. i. no. e. o. num. am. um. ne. a. um no. a. o. The plu. boni e. a. no{rum}. a{rum}. o{rum}. bonis. &c.

¶ Here is to be noted that all adiectyues in the plu∣rel nombre hath one voyce for all gendres in the da∣tyf and the ablatyf case.

¶ Niger nigra nigrū. nigri nigre nigri. nigro nigre nigro nigrum grā grū. niger gra grū. nigro gra gro The plurell nigri nigre nigra. nigro{rum} grarum gro{rum} nigris. nigros gras gra. &c.

¶ Satur a um. suturi e i. saturo e o. saturum am um satur a um saturo a o &c. lyke to niger a um.

¶ All maner adiectyues with. iii. diu erse endynges oonly be the fyrst declenson & the seconde of nownes and lyke one of these. ¶ The mixte

¶ Hic saluber: hec salubris & hoc salubre. hui{que} salubris huic salubri. hunc hanc salubrē: et hoc salubre. o salu∣ber: o salubris: et o salubre. hoc hac hoc salubri. The plurell hi & he salubres & hec salubria ho{rum} hatū horū salubrium. his salubribus. &c. Of this sorte ben. xii. as these verses sheweth.

Campester volucer 〈◊〉〈◊〉 pedester equester Siluester celeber acer{que} 〈◊〉〈◊〉 saluber Tale paluster opus tale sequester habet

The whiche all were somtyme declyned lyke turpis Also it is to be noted that all adiectyues lyke to tur∣pis or saluber. make the adiectyf synguler oonly in i. But all comparatyues and adiectyues of one termi nacyon make both in e and in i.

¶ Sequitur figura terminationū instar sex candelarum:

¶ Figura quin{que} declinationum.

[illustration]

¶ Degrees of comparyson.

¶ All adiectyues that betoken thynges that may be made more or lesse / may receyue comparyson / as fay te / more fayre / lesse fayre / moost fayre / lest fayre / or els fayre fayrer fayrest.

¶ There be thre degrees of comparyson / the posityf the comparatyf / and the superlatyf.

¶ De cognitione positiut.

¶ The posytyf is grounder and foundament of the comparatyf and superlatyf / without excesse / and he is not formed / as fayre / foule / whyte / blacke

¶ De cognitione comparatiui

¶ The comparatyf passeth his posityf with this en∣glysshe worde more or lesse / or els his englysshe en∣deth in er / as more fayre / lesse fayre or fayrer / & his latyn endeth in or. or els he hath this aduerbe magis or minus ioyned to his posityf / as doctior. or els ma∣gis doctus: vel minus doctus.

¶ De cognitione 〈◊〉〈◊〉.

¶ The superlatyf passeth his posityf with this en∣glysshe worde moost or leste / or els his englysshe en∣deth in est / as more fayre / lesse fayre or fayrest & his latyn endeth in mus. ma. mum. or els he hath this ad uerbe maxime or minime Ioyned to his posityf / as doctissim{us} ma. mum. or elles maxime doct{us}. maxime docta. maxime doctum. minime doctus. minime doc∣ta. doctum.

¶ Here is to be noted that all comparatyues be de∣clyned after doctior. and all superlatyues lyke bon{us} bona bonum.

¶ De formatione comparatiui.

¶ The cōparatif is formed of is positif of his fyrste case that endeth in i. by puttynge to this terminaciō or / els us as doctus cta ctum. 〈◊〉〈◊〉 us. tenuis te nuis tenui tenuior us. felix cis ci. felicior ue.

¶ Out of this rule ben excepte these. vi. nownes fo∣lowynge the whiche make both the comparatyf and supcrlatyf out of rule / as Bonus melior optim{us}. ma lus peior pessimus. magnus maior maximus. paru{us} minor minimus: & paruissimus. multus plus pluri∣mus. nequam nequior nequissimus. Also iuuenis ma keth 〈◊〉〈◊〉. Senex senior. and lacketh the neutre in us and also the superlatyf degre.

¶ Suche adiectyues that ende in us & haue a vowel before us. haue now no cōparatyf in or. but al waye this worde magis / and the posityf shall supplye the rowme of the comparatyf / as piue 〈◊〉〈◊〉 pius. per∣petuus magis perpetuus. extraneus magis extrane us. In suche the supcrlatyf foloweth the rule / as pi{us} pussimus strenuus issimus. Yf thou fynde ony other wyse / it is excused by antiquyte.

¶ All nownes that maketh theyr comparatyf in or may make the com{per}atyf with magis or min{us}. & the posityf. ¶ Buth suche y^t ende in us with the vowell &c. may no wyse make the comparatyf in or.

¶ Other partes of reson make comparyson as this verbe detero maketh deterior for his cōperatyf & de terrimus for his superlatyf. Also participles goynge in to nownes / as amans amantior tissimus

¶ These aduerbes and preposicyons in these verses

with many other moo / make the comparatyf and su¦perlatyf indirectly. Uersus.

Ante / citra / prope / post / extra / supra{que} vel infra Intra / nuper / ocys / vltra{que} / pridem / penitus{que} Pene / penes{que} / diu / sepe / Ante / anterior / caret superlatiuo.

Citra citerior citimus	Ocys ocior ocissimus
Prope propior proximus	Ultra vlterior vltimus.
Post posterior postrem{us}	Pridem prior primus
Extra exterior extremus et extimus	Penitus penitior penitis¦simus.
Supra superior supre∣mus / et sumus	Pene vel penes penior penissimus.
Infra inferior infimus.	Diu diutior diutissimus.
Intra interior intimus.	Sepe sepeus sepussime
Nuper nuperior nuperimus

¶ There be also some nownes y^t maketh theyr com∣paratyf in rule and lacke theyr superlatyf / as Ser{us} serior. Celsus / celsior.

¶ De formatione superlatiuo{rum}.

The superlatyf is formed of his posityf of the fyrste case that endeth in i. by puttynge to s and simus / as. Doctus docta doctū. docti. doctissimus. Felix felicis felici felicissimus. Except his posityf ende in er. For than he maketh the superlatyf by puttynge to rim{us} as. Niger nigerrimus. Saluber saluberrimus with double rr. ¶ Saue Dexter maketh alwaye dextim{us} Sinister sinistimus.

Also facilis maketh facillimus with double ll. Soo both agills make agillimus. gracilis gracilimus. hu∣milis

humilimus: & similis simillim{us}. with theyr com poundes. Also maturus maketh maturimus & ma∣turissimus. vetus veterrimus.

These it superlatyf degrees Intimus & {pro}xim{us} may somtyme be as 〈◊〉〈◊〉 / & hath for theyr cōparaty∣ues intimor & {pro}ximor / & lacketh theyr supcrlatyues All adiectyues in cus y^e come of dico facio and loquor chaunge us in entior for the comparatyf / & in entissi∣mus for the superlatyf / as magnific{us} centio. centiss∣mus. fatidicus centior cētissim{us}. grādiloquus quen∣tior quētissim{us}. yf thou fynde ony other wyse it is ex∣cused by antiquyte / as mirificior mirificissimus.

¶ Declenson and diuisyon of pronownes.

Here be. xv. {pro}nownes besyde theyr compoundes / as Ego: tu: 〈◊〉〈◊〉: 〈◊〉〈◊〉: ipse: iste: hic & is: meus: tuus: suus: no ster: vester. nostras: & vestras. Of the whiche. viii. be primatyues / as Ego tu sui &c. and. vii. deriuatyues / as meus tuus suus &c.

Of {pro}nowne primatiues Ego & tu ben only demon∣stratyues. Sui only relatyf. The resydue somtyme demonstratyf / as whanne they shewe a thynge not spoken of afore. Somtyme relatyues as whan they reporteth a thynge 〈◊〉〈◊〉 of afore. All deriuatyues be demonstratyues. Except Suus that is somtyme demonstratyf and somtyme relatyf.

¶ Declenson of primatyues

Nominatiuo Ego. gtō mei. datiuo michi. actō me. 〈◊〉〈◊〉 catiuo caret 〈◊〉〈◊〉 a me. Anglice I or me. The plurel ntō Nos gtō nostrum vel nostri dtō nobis. actōnos. vtō caret, abltō a nobis. Anglice vs or we.

¶Here is to be noted that all {pro}nownes lacke the vo catyf case saue these. 〈◊〉〈◊〉. Tu me{us} noster & nostras 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Tu. gtō tui. dtō tibi. actō te. vtō tu. 〈◊〉〈◊〉 ate. anglice thou or the. The plurel ntō vos. gtō vestrū vel vestri. dtō vobis. actō 〈◊〉〈◊〉. vtō o vos. abla 〈◊〉〈◊〉 a vobis. anglice you or ye.

These genityues mis tis & sis. were somtymein vse / but now we take meus tuus su{us}. theyr 〈◊〉〈◊〉 and leue them.

Nominatiuo caret. gtō sui dtō sibi. actō se. vtō caret abltō a se. & lyke wyse in the seconde nombre. anglice he / she / hym or hyr / it / that / them / they / or those. and this is called the pronowne of reciprocacyon. All the se. iii. pronownes Ego tu sui. w^t theyr cōpoundes be called of the fyrst declenson of {pro}nownes.

Ille illa illud illius illi	In all other cases of bothe nombres lyke bonus a um.
Ipse ipsa ipsum ipsius ipsi	Iste ista istud 〈◊〉〈◊〉 isti

Hic hec hoc. vt prius. Anglice this or these. And iste isto istud. is of the same englysshe. Ille and ipse be en glysshed lyke Sui. Is ea id eius ci &c. lyke Bon{us}. an glice lyke Sui.

¶ All these. v. {pro}nownes Ille ipse iste hic & is. be cal∣led of the seconde declenson of pronownes.

Of the same declenson be also. viii. nownes w^t theyr compoundes. Unus / vllus / totus / solus / alter / alius quis / & vter as.

Unus vna vnum vnius vni

Ullus vlla vllum vllius vlli

Totus tota totum totius toti

Solus a. um. solius soli.	¶ In all other casus lyke Bonus. And all these. lacke the vocatyf case.
Alter a ū alterius alteri
Alius a um. alius alii
Uter. a um. vtrius vtri	Except tot{us} solus & vn{us}.
Neuter a. ū. neutrius tri.

¶ Also it is to be noted y^t all nownes of this declen∣son y^t nowende inius in y^e genityf / & in i. in the datyf made somtyme both genityf & datyf lyke Bon{us} bona bonū. Also they sayd Illus Ipsus Ist{us}. Where we saye Ille ipse iste: vt adhuc est videre apud autores.

¶ Declenson of deriuatyues

¶ Meus a. um. vtō mi a. um. Tu{us} a. um. Su{us} a. um be lyke Bon{us}. Noster a. um. is lyke Niger gra. grū.

Nostras and vestras in the synguler lyke Bonitas & in the plurell lyke Felix.

¶ Persones be. iii. The fyrst / the secunde / the thyrde wordes of the fyrste persone be Ego & nos w^t theyr oblyques. Of y^t seconde persone be tu & vos w^t theyr oblyques / & euery vocatyf case. All other wordes de∣clynable be of the thyrde persone.

¶ Here is to be noted y^t all cases be called oblyques / except the nominatyf synguler / & the vocatyf whan he is lyke hym.

¶ Declenson of pronownes compoūdes.

Idē eadē idē. eiusdē. eidē eundē eandē idē. vtō caret ablto eodē eadē eodē. The plu. idē eedē eadē. eorundē earūdē eorundē. eisdē & iisdē. eosdē easdē eadē vtō ca ret. ablto eisdē & iisdē. anglice thesame or the selfe.

Nomīatiuo Isthic isthec isthocvel isthuc. Actō isthūc isthancisthoc vel isthuc. Ablatiuo isthoc isthac isthoc

The noīatyf & accusatyf plu. Isthec for y^t neutre gen dre. In the other cases he foloweth both Iste & hic.

Quis vel qui. Que vel qua. Quod vel quid. cuius cui quē quā quod vel quid. Uocatiuo caret. Quo qui qua qui. quo q. The plu. Qui que que vel qua. Quo{rum} qua∣rū quo{rum}. Quis vel quibus. Quos quas que vel qua. Utō caret. A quis vel a quibus. anglice. that whome or the whiche.

Note well that Quis & Quid be neuer relatyues but alwaye Interrogatyues & Infinityues Also qua in the nominatyf synguler & in the plurell stondeth for aliqua and is no relatyf

¶ Declenson of a verbe

Uerbe is declyned with {con}iugacion / mode / tense / nom¦bre / and persone.

¶ Coniugacyons be foure

¶ The fyrste coniugacyon hath this vowell a longe before re in the infinityf mode of the actyf voyce / as amare. Or elles a longe before the ris in the seconde worde declynynge of hym / as amaris

Excepte Do das with his foure compoundes of this coniugacyon / the whiche hath a shorte / as dare circū∣dare. venundare. pessundare. satisdare.

¶ Here is to be noted that euermore the fourth wor∣de in declynynge of a verbe is the Infinityf mode / & the thyrde worde the preterperfectēs of the shewyn∣ge mode.

Also the actyfe voyce of a verbe is called o / as amo; And the passyf voyce r. as amor.

¶ The seconde coniugacyon.

The seconde coniugacyon hath e longe before re &c. as docere / els &c. as doceris.

The thyrde coniugacyon.

The thyrde coniugacyon hath e short before the re / &c. as legere / els &c. as legeris.

¶ The fourth coniugacyon.

The fourth hath i longe before the re. &c. as audire / els &c. os audiris.

¶ Modes of verbes.

Modes be. vii. the shewynge / the askynge / the byd∣dyngy / the wysshynge / the potenciall / the subiunctyf and the infinityf.

¶ Tenses of verbes.

Tenses be. v the presentes / the preter imperfectens / the p̄terfectens / the preterplu{per}. the future.

¶ Sygnes of tenses be these / do / dyde / haue / hadde wyll / and shall.

¶ Nombres of verbes

Nombres of verbes be. ii. the synguler / as lego Ire∣de / the plurell / as legimus.

¶ Persones of verbes be. iii. the fyrst as lego I rede the seconde as legis thou redest / the thyrde as legit / he redeth.

¶ Declenson of the actyf voyce.

AMo amas. Amaui. Amare di. do. dū. atum. Amans. Amaturus. anglice to loue.

¶ The shewynge mode.

¶ The presentēs. amo. I loue or do loue. amas thou louest or doost loue. amat he loueth or doth loue. The plurell amamus we loue or do loue. amatis ye loue

or do loue amant they loue or do loue.

Preterimperfectens amabam I loued or dyde loue / bas bat. The plu. bamus batis bant.

Preter{per}fectens amaui I haue loued: amauisti vel a masti auit. The plurell uimus uistis vel amastis. ue∣runt vel uere. els amarunt vel are

¶ Here is to be noted that the p̄terperfectens of the shewynge mode formed all tenses after hym that en de in ram rum ro. by chaungynge i in to e. as of ama∣ui amaueram amauerim amauero.

Also all that ende in sem or in se. by puttynge in be∣twirt / as of amaui amauissem amauisse.

Also whan soeuer the preterperfectens of this niode endeth in this syllabe ui. than may he & all tenses for¦med of hym suffre syncopacyon. sc takynge awaye this syllabe ui or ue in the seconde persone of bothe nombres. And in y^t thyrde persone plurell / as amasti amastis amarunt. Also in all tenses of the forsayd terminacyons / as amauerā amarā. But the preter∣perfectēs of two syllabes do not so / as Paui laui

Excepte these. iiii. Sciui: noui: flaui: fleui / the whiche make. Scisti. nosti: flasti: flesti.

The preterplu. amaueram I had loued. ras rat. The plurell amaueramus ratis rant

The future. amabo I wyll loue or shall loue. bis bit. The plurell bimus bitis bunt.

¶ The askynge mode.

¶ Here is to be noted that this same mode is vsed in questyons / and is called the askynge mode.

Also thenne he vseth his nominatyf case euer after

the verbe / or els bytwene the sygne & the verbe / aslo ue I / do I loue / loued I / dyde I loue / haue I loued 〈◊〉〈◊〉 I loued / wyll I loue / or shall I loue.

He is also called the promysse mode with dyuerse o∣ther names.

Also all these latyn wordes serue to the interrogatyf mode.

¶Uersus

Num / nūquid / nonne / nūnā / ne non / an / et an ne.

¶The byddynge mode

The presente / ama loue thou amet loue he. In this mode is no fyrst persone synguler. The plu. amem{us} amate ament.

Also in this mode the nominatyf case cometh after the verbe / as in the askynge mode / the pretertens lac keth in this mode. But we vse the preter{per} / & plu / of the subiunctyf mode for them as it shall be shewed in the thyrde parte in circūlocutione.

The future. amato tu loue thou here after. amato ille The plu. amemus tote. anto vel antote.

These two 〈◊〉〈◊〉 sygnes / let & myght / & all aduer bes of lettynge / or for byddynge serue to this mode.

¶ The wysshynge mode

The presente vtinā amem. god graunte I loue. es & The plu. emus etis ent. The preterin. vtinā 〈◊〉〈◊〉 wolde god I loued: res ret. The plu. remus retis rēt

¶ Here is to be noted that the preterin. of the optatyf potencyall / & subiunctyf of this voyce be fourmed of the infinityf by puttynge to of m / as amare amarem The 〈◊〉〈◊〉. vtinā amauerim god graunt I haue lo ued. ris rit. The plu. 〈◊〉〈◊〉 ritis rint. The preterplu.

vtinā amauissem wolde god I had loued. The futur vtinā amauero god graūt I shall loue. To this mo∣de serueth al aduerbes of wysshyng or desyryng / as vtinā osi. &c. & all suche englysshe sygnes / god graūt wold god I praye god / god sende / gyue or sēde grace

¶ The potencyall mode.

¶ The present. amem I may loue. I wolde loue. I shall loue &c. The preterin. amarem.

The preterper. amauerim.

The preterplu. amauissem.

The future amauero.

And this mode is vsed in all questyons with y^e condi¦cyons of the askynge mode in suche englysshe may I loue / wolde I loue / sholde I loue / as it shall be she∣wed playnlyer after.

¶ The subiunctyf mode.

The present. quū amem whan I loue

The preterin. quū amarem whan I loued

The preter{per}. quū amauerim. whan I haue loued

The preterplu. quū amauissem whan I had loued

The future. quū amauero whan I shall loue.

¶ The infinityf mode.

The present and preterim. amare loue or to loue.

The preterper. and plu. amauisse haue loued / or had loued / or els to haue loued: or had loued.

The future lacketh in all verbes. But we take circū loquicion / as amatum ire / go to loue / vel amaturum esse. or be to loue herafter.

Also the infinityf mode hath neyther nombre ne persone. But generally an accusatyf case before hym

expressed or vnderstonde.

Gerundyues in moost comen vse be these. amandi of louynge / or to loue / amando. in louȳge / or of louyn∣ge / amandū. to loue / and all gerūdyues be declyned lyke bonus na. um. And supynes be vndeclyned and be verbes / and euermore ende in um. and in u. by do doynges awaye m. as amatum. to loue / or go to loue amatu to be loued.

¶Here is to be noted that the supine in um. cometh of the actyf and betokeneth dede and mouynge to a place / also he is a verbe actyf. But the supyne in u be tokeneth suffrynge without mouynge / and is a ver∣be passyf and cometh of the passyf.

〈◊〉〈◊〉 secus inueneris / nō vsum voces / sedvsum

The particyples of this verbe be / amans. anglice lo∣uynge / and amaturus. anglice to loue.

¶ The verbe of beynge is thus declyned.

SUm es Fui. Esse essendi essendo essendū ens. futurus. And all these be his englysshes. am / art / it / was / were / an be.

¶ The shewynge mode or indicatyf.

The present Sum I am. es thou art. est he is. The plu. sumus we be. estis ye be. sunt they be.

The preterin. eram I was. eras thou was. erat he was. The plu. eram{us} we ware. eratis ye ware. erant thy ware. The preterper. fui I haue ben. fuisti thou hast ben. fuit he hath ben. The plu. im{us} istis erunt 〈◊〉〈◊〉 ere. The preterplu. fueram I had ben ras. rat. The 〈◊〉〈◊〉. ramus ratis rant. The future ero I shall be. 〈◊◊〉〈◊◊〉. The plu. rimus ritis runt.

¶ The byddynge mode or Imperatyf

The present sis vel es be thou. sit. The plu. simus si∣tis vel. este sint. The future. esto tu be thou herafter / esto ille. The plu. simus estote sunto vel suntote.

The wysshynge mode or Optatyf.

The present. vtinā sim god graūte I be. sis sit. The plu. simus sitis sint. The preterin. vtinam essem wol de god I were esses esset &c.

The preterper. vtinā fuerim god graunte I haue be

The p̄terplu. vtinā fuissem wolde god I had ben

The future. vtinā fuero god graunt I shall be &c.

The potencyall and subiunctyf mode lyke wyse.

¶ The Infinityf mode.

The present and preterin. esse be or to be

The preterper. and plu. fuisse haue ben or had ben

The future as doth y^e verbes y^t lacken theyr supynes

The gerundyues. essendi of beynge / or to be. essendo in beynge / or of beynge. essendū to be.

The particyple of the present & preterim / ens beyng

The future. futurus. anglice to be

¶ Declenson of the passyf voyce.

A Mor amaris amatus sum. amari. amatu. a∣matus. amandus. to be loued.

The p̄sent. amor I am loued. amaris vel amare thou art loued. amat he is loued. The plu. amur we be lo∣ued. 〈◊〉〈◊〉 ye be loued. ant̄ they be loued.

The preterin. amabar I was loued. baris vel bare batur. The plu. bamur bamini bantur.

The preterper. in this mode and in all modes folo∣wynge of this voyce lacketh. But we vse for it is the

partycyple of the pretertens / and this verbe sum. of suche tens as the verbe sholde be / in this wyse / ama∣tus sum vel fui. I haue be loued. es vel fuisti est vel fuit. The plu. amati sumus vel fuimus estis vel fui∣stis sunt fuetunt vel fuere.

The preterplu. amatus eram vel furam I had be lo ued. eras vel fueras erat vel fuerat. The plu. eram{us} vel fueramus eratis vel fueratis erāt vel fuerāt

The future. amabor I wyl be loued / or shal be loued amaberis vel bere bitur. The plurell amabimur bimi ni buntur.

¶ The byddynge mode or imperatyf

The present. amare be thou loued. amatur. The plu. amemur amemini amentur.

The future. amator tu be thou loued hereaftr. ama∣tor ille. The plu. amemur minor amantor.

The wysshynge mode or Optatyf.

The present. vtinā amer. god graūt I be loued. ame ris vel ere etur. The plu. emur emini entur.

The preterin vtinā amarer wold god I were loued reris vel rere retur. The plu. remur reminirētur

The p̄terper. vtinā amat{us} sim vel fuerim. god graūt

I haue be loued. sis vel fueris sit vel fuerit. The plu sim{us} vel fuerim{us} sitis vel fueritis sint vel fuerint

The preterpluperfectens. vtinam amatus essem vel fuissem. wolde god I had be loued. &c.

The future vtinā amatus ero vel fuero. god graun∣te I shall be loued &c.

¶ The potencyall mode.

The present. Amer I may be loued / wolde be loued

or sholde be loued.

The preterin. amarer I myght be loued.

The preter{per}. amat{us} sim vel fuerim I myght haue be loued / wolde haue be loued / or sholde haue be loued.

The preterplu. amatus essē vel fuissē I myght haue had be loued / wolde haue hadde / or sholde haue had∣de be loued.

The future. amat{us} ero vel fuero I may be loued her after / wyll be loued herafter / or I shall mowe be lo∣ued herafter.

¶ The subiunctyf mode.

The present. quū amer. whan I be loued.

The preterin. quū amarer whan I was loued.

The p̄ter{per}. quū aniatus sim vel fuerim. whan I ha∣ue be loued.

The p̄terplu. quū amatus essem vel fuissem

The future quum amatus ero vel fuero.

¶ The Infinityf mode.

The presēt & preterin. amari to be loued.

The p̄ter{per}. & plu. amatū esse vel fuisse. to haue be lo∣ued / or had be loued. The futur amatū iri. to go to be loued. vel amaturū esse. or to be loued.

The particyple of the preter{per}. & plu. amatus I loued

The latter futur. amandus to be loued.

¶ The seconde coniugacyon.

OOceo doces. Docui. docere. di. do. doctū. Do∣cens. Docturus anglice to teche.

¶ The indicatyf mode.

The presēt. Doceo I teche ces. cet. The plu. cem{us} ce∣tis cēt The p̄terin. Docebā I taught &c.

The prete{per}. docui I haue taught. docuisti docuit

The plu. cuim{us} istis etunt vel ere. The preterplu. do∣cueram I had taught &c. The future docebo I shall teche or wyll teche. The interrogatyf. vt prius.

¶ The imperatyf mode.

The presēt Doce at. The plu. ceamus cete ceant

The future doceto tu. to ille. The plu. amus tote cen∣to vel centote.

¶ The optatyf mode.

Utinam doceam god graunte I teche.

Utinam docerē. wolde god I taught

Utinam docuerim. god graunte I haue taught

Utinam docuissē. wolde god I had taught.

Utinam docuero god graunte I shall teche.

¶ The potēcyall mode.

Doceam. I may wolde or sholde teche.

Docerē &c.	Docuerim &c.
Docuissē &c.	Docuero &c.

¶ The coniunctyf mode.

Quū doceam. whan I teche

Quū docerē &c.	Quū docuerim &c
Quū docuissē &c.	Quū docuero &c

The Infinityf mode

Presēt and preterin. docere

Preter{per}. and plu. Docuisse

Future Doctum ire vel docturum esse

¶ The gerundyues. Docendi do dum.

The supyne Doctum.

The particyple of the presēt & preterin. Docēs

The particyple of the future / Dociurus

¶ The passyf voyce

OOceor doceris Doctus sū Doceri doctu. Do ctus Docendus.

¶ The shewynge mode.

¶The present Doceor I am taught. ceris vel docere cetur. The plurell. cemur cemini centur

The preterin. Docebar

The preter. and plu. vt prius

The future Docebor

¶ The byddynge mode.

The present docere at̄. The plu. ceamur cemini ant.

The future Docetor tu. tor ille. The plu. ceamur ce∣minor centor.

¶ The wysshynge mode.

Utinam docear Utinam docerer

Utinam doctus sim vel fuerim.

Utinam doctus essē vel fuissē.

Utinam doctus ero vel fuero.

¶ The potencyall mode & the subiūctyf / vt prius.

¶ The Infinityf mode

The present and preterin. Doceri.

The p̄terper and plu. Doctum esse vel fuisse.

The future Doctum iri vel docturum esse.

The supyne. Doctu. to be taught

The preterper and plu. Doctus taught

¶ The thyrde coniugacyon. ¶ The shewynge medo.

LEgo legis. Legi. Legere. Legendi do dum. Lectum legens. lecturus. anglice to rede. Lego I rede. gis git The plu. legimus gitis gunt Legebam bas bat. The plu. bamus batis bant

Legi gisti git. The plu. gimus gistis gerunt

Legeram ras rat. The plu. geramus ratis rant

Legam ges get. The plu. gemus getis gēt

¶ Here is to be noted y^e whan y^e future of the shewȳ∣ge mode endeth in am or in ar than in y^e seconde {per}so∣ne & all persones folowynge I shall chaūge a in to e.

¶ The byddynge mode

Legam gas gat. gamus gite gant.

Legito tu gito ille. gamus tote gunto guntote

¶ The wysshynge mode.

Legam gas gat. gamus gatis gant

Legerē res ret remus retis rēt.

Legerim ris rit. rimus ritis rint.

Legissē ses set. gissemus setis sēt.

Legero ris rit. rimus ritis rint.

¶ The potencyall mode and subiunctyf vt prius.

¶ The infinityf mode.

Legere. legisse lectum ire vellecturum esse

¶ The gerundyues

Legēdilegēdo legēdum

¶ The supyne Lectum.

¶ The particyples / one of the presentēs & preterin. as legēs / an other of the fyrst futur / as lecturus.

¶ The passyf voyce.

LEgor legeris. lectus sum. legi. lectu lectus. le gēdus. anglice to be redde.

¶ The shewynge mode.

Legor I am redde. legeris vellegere legit̄. The plu. legimur gimini guntur.

Legebar baris vel bare batur

Lectus sum vel fui es vel fuisti &c.

Lectus eram vel fueram eras vel fueras &c.

Legar legeris vel gere getur. gemur gemini gentur.

¶ The byddynge mode

Legere legatur The plu. legamur gimini gantur

Legitor tu legitor ille gamur gimini guntor

¶ The wysshynge mode.

Legar garis vel gare gatur &c.

Legerer reris vel rere retur &c.

Lectus sim vel fuerim

Lectus essē vel fuissem

Lectus ero vl fuero eris vel fueris erit vel fuerit

¶ The potencyall mode & subiunctyf. vt prius

¶ The Infinityf mode.

Legi. lectū esse vel fuisse. lectū iri vel lecturum esse

¶ The supyne lectu to be redde

¶ The particyples of the preterper. & plu. as lectus: an other of the last futur / as legēdus

¶ The fourth Coniugacyon

AUdio dis. Audiui. Audire. Audiendi. do. dū.

Auditū. Audiens. Auditurus / to here.

¶ The shewynge mode

Audio audis audit. The plu. dimus ditis diunt.

Preterin. audiebam bas bat &c.

Preter{per} audiui audiuisti audiuit &c.

Preterplu. audiueram audiueras audiuerat &c.

Future. audiam audies audiet. &c.

¶ The Imperatyf mode

Audi audiat. audiamus audite audiant

Audito tu. dito ille. diam{us} tote diunto vel diuntote.

¶ The Optatyf mode.

〈◊〉〈◊〉.	Audirem
Audiuerim	〈◊〉〈◊〉
Audiuero

¶ The potencyall mode and Subtunctyf mode vt supra. ¶ The shewynge mode.

Audire

Audiuisse

Auditum ire vel auditurum esse.

¶ The supyne auditum.

¶ The particyple audiens auditurus

¶ The passyf voyce.

AUdior audiris auditus sum. audiri. 〈◊〉〈◊〉? auditus audiendus.

¶ The shewynge mode.

Audior I am herde. audiris vel audire auditur. audi dimur 〈◊〉〈◊〉 diuntur.

Audicbar &c.

Auditus sum vel fui &c.

Auditus cram vel fueram. vt prius

Audiar &c.

¶ The byddynge mode

Audire audiatur. amur amim antur.

Audiuntor tu tor ille. amur minor untor

¶ The wysshynge mode.

Audiar &c.

Audirer.

Auditus sim vel fuerim.

Auditus essem vel fuissem.

Auditus ero vel fuero.

¶ Thepotencyall and subiunctyf mode. vt prius

¶ The Infinityf mode

Audiri.

Auditum esse vel fuisse.

Auditum iri vel audiendum esse.

¶ The supyne auditu

¶ The partityple. auditus audiendus

¶ The particyple

A particyple hath gendre and case as hath a nowne tyme & sygnificacyon as hath a verbe / nombre & fy∣gure as they haue bothe.

¶ There be vii. endynges of particyples. Ens / ans / tus / sus / xus / rus / dus.

Ens ans. be of the presentēs and preterin.

Tus sus xus. be of the preterper. and plu.

Rus and dus. be of the future

The particyples in ens. & in ans. be formed of y^e p̄ter imperfectens of the shewynge mode / by chaūgynge bam. bar. or ram. in to n & s. as amabā: loquebar: po∣terā. chaūge &c. & it wyll be amās loquēs potēs.

Out take ibam & quibam / the whiche make iens and quiens with theyr compoundes.

Saue ambiebam the whiche foloweth the generall rule in euery poynte.

¶ The particyples in tus sus or xus be formed of y^e supyne in u. by puttynge to s. as lectu lectus. visu vi sus. nexu nexus

The particyple of the fyrst future is formed of the su pyne in u. by puttynge to rus / as lectu lecturus

The particyple of the later futur is formed of the ge

nityf case synguler of the particyple in ens or in ans by chaūgynge tis in to dus / as legētis legendus.

All in ens or in ans be of the thyrde declenson of now nes / and lyke felix.

All other be lyke Bonus bona bonū.

The gerundyf is declyned with thre dyuerse endyn∣ges / dus da dum. lyke bonus.

¶ Here is to be noted that iens & quiens chaūge e in to u in all oblique cases with theyr compoūdes & also i in to e. as iens euntis. quiens queuntis.

¶ The aduerbe.

There be many significacyons of aduerbes / some be of tyme / as qn̄. heri. some of place / as quo? domum.

Of nombre / as quotiens. semel

Of ordre / as primo secundo Of continuacyon as inde deinde. Of denyenge / as nō nequa{que}.

Of admyttynge or puttynge of case / as esto licet.

Of grauntynge / as ita sic.

Of confirmynge / as prorecto quidem

Of swerynge / as pol mediusfidius

Of flaterynge / as sodes ambo

Of shewynge / as an ecce. Of metynge / as ad∣uersum 〈◊〉〈◊〉. Of callynge / as heus eho

Of answerynge / as heu hou.

Of exortynge / as eya age

Of lettynge or forbiddynge / as ne neue

Of askynge / as cur quare. Of pryce / as care vili

Of determynge or qualyte / as bene perperam

Of quantyte / as multum satis

Of exclusyon / as tantum solum

Of disconfort / as penitus prorsus

Of intendynge / as adeo: valde

Of remittynges / as paulatim: sensim

Of excesse / as nimis: nimium:

Of similytude / as quasi: tan{que}

Of doubtynge / as forsan: forsitan

Of gaderynge / as simul: vna

Of departynge / as seorsum: secus

Of comparison / as magis: maxime

Of chaunce / as forte: fortuito

Of choyse / as potius: immo

Of hastynge / as propere: festinanter.

¶ Preposicyon.

Of preposicyon separable there ben thre sortes.

¶ The fyrste sorte.

Ad Apud Ante Aduersum Cis Citra Circum Circa Cōtra Extra Erga Inter Intra Infra Iuxta Ob Pone Per Propter Prope Secundū Post Trans Ultra Preter Supra Circiter Us{que} Secus Penes Pridie Postridie Aduersus Subtus Foras.

All these wyll haue an accusatyf after them.

¶ The seconde sorte.

A ab abs / Cum coram clam De E ex Pro Pre palā Sine abs{que} tenus Procul

All these wyll haue an ablatyf case after them.

¶ The thyrde sorte.

In Sub Super & Subter.

All these wyll haue some tyme an accusatyf case. and some tyme an ablatyf case.

Tenus in the plurell nombre may haue indifferent∣ly

a genityf case or an ablatyf case

Preposicyons inseparable be these. vii. An. Di. Dis. Re. Se. Co. Con.

¶ A coniunction.

Of coniunctions. Some be

Copulatyues / as et at{que}

Disiunctyues / as aut ve

Continuatyues / as seu siue

Subcontinuatyues / as quin quia

Causales / as vt enim

Condicyonals / as si quāuis

Temporals / as quum dum.

Resumynge or concludynge / as ergo ideo

Aduersatyues / as et si tamen

Exceptyues / as nisi preter{que}

Diminutyues / as saltem at

Doubtynge / as or Askynge / as an ne.

Approbatyues as nam nam{que}

Explatyues / as quidem autem

Of chosynge / as or Comparyson as {quam} tam

¶ All other be reduced to some of these

¶ Interiection

¶ Of interiections. Some be

Of Ioye / as eya euge

Of cursynge / as malum racha

Of mornynge / as hoi hei.

Of wondre / as atat pape

Of angre / as ah hem

Of laughynge / as haha tehe

Of Indignacyon / as ah au.

Of sodeyn answere / as ha hem

Of reprouynge as vath phi

Of exclamacyon / as o oho

Of sodeyn espyenge / as en ehem

Of scorne / as hui.

¶ All other be reduced to some of these

¶ Sequitur secunda pars principalis opusculi