The firste [laste] volume of the chronicles of England, Scotlande, and Irelande conteyning the description and chronicles of England, from the first inhabiting vnto the conquest : the description and chronicles of Scotland, from the first original of the Scottes nation till the yeare of our Lorde 1571 : the description and chronicles of Yrelande, likewise from the first originall of that nation untill the yeare 1571 / faithfully gathered and set forth by Raphaell Holinshed.

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Title
The firste [laste] volume of the chronicles of England, Scotlande, and Irelande conteyning the description and chronicles of England, from the first inhabiting vnto the conquest : the description and chronicles of Scotland, from the first original of the Scottes nation till the yeare of our Lorde 1571 : the description and chronicles of Yrelande, likewise from the first originall of that nation untill the yeare 1571 / faithfully gathered and set forth by Raphaell Holinshed.
Author
Holinshed, Raphael, d. 1580?
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At London :: Imprinted for Iohn Hunne,
1577.
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Subject terms
Great Britain -- History -- Early works to 1800.
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http://name.umdl.umich.edu/A03448.0001.001
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"The firste [laste] volume of the chronicles of England, Scotlande, and Irelande conteyning the description and chronicles of England, from the first inhabiting vnto the conquest : the description and chronicles of Scotland, from the first original of the Scottes nation till the yeare of our Lorde 1571 : the description and chronicles of Yrelande, likewise from the first originall of that nation untill the yeare 1571 / faithfully gathered and set forth by Raphaell Holinshed." In the digital collection Early English Books Online. https://name.umdl.umich.edu/A03448.0001.001. University of Michigan Library Digital Collections. Accessed June 3, 2024.

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Whether it be likely that there were euer any Gyaunts inhabiting in this Isle or not. Cap. 4.

BEsides these aforesayde nations, which haue crept as you haue hearde into our Islande, we reade of sundry Gyaunts that shoulde inhabite here, which report as it is not altogither incredible, sith the posterities of diuers▪ princes were called by ye name: so vnto some mens eares it séemeth so straunge a rehearsall, that for the same onely they su∣spect the credite of our whole hystorie and reiect it as a fable, vnwoorthy to be read. For this cause therefore I haue nowe taken vpon me to make thys briefe discourse insuing, therby to prooue, that the opiniō of Gyaunts is not altogether grounded vpon vayne & fa∣bulous narrations, inuented only to delite the eates of the hearer•…•… with the report of mar∣veilous things. But that there haue bene such men in déede, as for their hugenesse of person haue resembled rather* 1.1 highe towers then ••••etall men, although their posterities are now consumed, and their monstruous races vtterly worne out of knowledge.

A doe not meane herin to dispute, whether

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this name was giuen vnto them, rather for their tyrannie and oppression of the people, then for their greatenesse of bodie, or whe∣ther the worde Gygas dooeth onelye signifie Indigenas, or homelinges, borne in the lande or not, neyther whether all men were of like quantitie in stature and farre more greater in olde tyme then at this present they be, and yet absolutely I denie neyther of these, sith very probable reasons may be brought for eche of thē, but especially the last rehearsed, whose confirmation dependeth vpon the au∣thorityes of sundrie auncient writers, who make diuers of Noble race, equall to the Gyauntes in strength, and manhoode, and yet doe not gyue the same name vnto them, by∣cause their quarels were iust, and commonly taken in hande, for defence of the oppressed. Example hereof, also we may take of Hercu∣les and Antheus,* 1.2 whose wrestling declareth that they were equall in stature & stomacke, such also was the courage of Antheus, that being often ouercome, and as it were vtter∣ly vanquished by the sayde Hercules, yet if he did eftsoones returne agayne into his king∣dome, he furthwt recouered his force, retur∣ned & helde Hercules tacke, till he gate at the last betwéene him & home, so cutting of the farder hope of the restoring of his army, and killing finally his aduersarie in the field. The like doe our histories report of Corineus and Gomagot,* 1.3 who fought a combate hande to hande, till one of them was slayne, & yet for all this no man reputeth Corineus for a Gy∣aunt. But sith I saye it is not my purpose to stande vppon these pointes, I passe ouer to speake any more of them, and where as also I might haue procéeded in such order, that I shoulde first set downe by many circumstan∣ces, whether any Gyauntes were, then whe∣ther they were of such huge & incredible sta∣ture, as the authours doe remember, and fi∣nally whether any of them haue béene in this our ylande or not, I protest playnly that my minde is not nowe bent to deale in any such maner, but rather generally to confirme and by sufficient authoritie that there haue bene mightye men of stature, and some of them also in Britaine, as by particular examples shalbe manifestly confirmed without ye obser∣uation of any methode, or such diuisiō in the rehearsal hereof as sound order doth require.

Moses the Prophet of the Lord, writing of the state of things before the flood hath these wordes in his booke of generations.* 1.4 In these daies saith he, there were Giaūts vpō ye erth, Berosus,* 1.5 also the Chalde, writeth that néere vnto Libanus there was a city called Denon (which I take to be Henoch, builded somtime by Cham) wherein Gyauntes dyd inhabit, who trusting to the strength and hugenesse of their bodies, dyd verye great oppression and mischiefe in the worlde. The Hebrues called them generally by the name of Enach per∣aduenture of Henoch the sonne of Cain, frō whom that pestilēt race at the first descēded.

And of these mōsters also some families re∣mained vnto the time of Moses, in compari∣son of whom the children of Israell confessed themselues to be but Grashoppers,* 1.6 which is one noble testimonie that the word Gygas or Enach is so well taken for a man of huge stature, as for an homeborne childe, wicked tyraunt, and oppressour of the people.

Furthermore, there is mention made also of Og, sometyme king of Basan,* 1.7 who was the last of the race of the Gyaunts, that was left in the lande of promise to be ouercome by the Israelites, whose bedde was afterwarde shewed for a woonder at Rabbath (a citie of the Ammonites) and conteyned 9. cubites in length and 4. in bredth, which cubites I take to be geometricall, that is, eache one sixe of the smaller▪ as dyd those also whereof the Arke was made, as our Diuines affirme.

In the first of Samuell you shall reade of Goliath a philistine,* 1.8 the weight of whose Ta∣berde or iacke was of fiue hundreth sicles, or so many ounces, that is, 312. pounde after the rate of a sicle to an ounce, his speare was like a weauers beame, the onelye head whereof weighed 600. ounces of yron, or 37. pounde and a halfe english, his height also was mea∣sured at 6. cubites and an hande bredth, all which do importe that he was a notable Gy∣aunt, and a man of great strength to weare such an armour & beweld so heauy a launce.

In the second of Samuell,* 1.9 I finde report of 4. Gyaunts borne in Geth, of which the third was like vnto Goliath, & the fourth had 24. fingers and toes, whereby it is euident, that the generation of Gyaunts were not extin∣guished in Palestine, vntill the tyme of Da∣uid, which was 2890. after the floude, nor vt∣terly consumed in Og, as some of our exposi∣tours woulde haue it.

Now to come vnto our christen writers, for although the authorities already alleged out of the worde, are sufficient to confirme my purpose at the full, yet will I not let to set downe such other notes as experience hath reuealed, onelye to the ende that the reader shall not thinke the name of Gyaunts, with their quantities, and other circumstaunces, mentioned in the scriptures, rather to haue some misticall interpretation, depending vp∣pon them, then that the sence of the text in this behalfe is to be taken simple as it lyeth

Page 4

S. Augustine noteth how he saw the tooth of a man,* 1.10 wherof he tooke good aduisement & pro∣nounced in the ende that it would haue made 100. of his owne, or any other mans that ly∣ued in his tyme. The like hereof also doeth Iohn Bocase set downe,* 1.11 in the 48. Chapter of his fift booke, saying that in ye caue of a moū∣tayne, not farre from Drepanum, (a towne of Sicilia) the body of an excéeding high Gyaunt was discouered, thrée of whose téeth did weigh 100. ounces, which being conuerted into En∣glish poise, doth yéelde 8. pounde and 4. oun∣ces, after twelue ounces to the pounde.

* 1.12The bodye of Pallas was founde in Italy, in the yeare of grace. 1038. and being mea∣sured it conteined 20. foote in lēgth, this Pallas was cōpanion with Aeneas. There was a car∣case also laid bare in England vpō the shore,* 1.13 (where the beating of the sea had washed a∣way ye yearth from the stone wherein it lay) & when it was taken vp, it conteined, 50. foote in measure, as our histories doe reporte. The lyke was séene in Wales, in the yeare. 1087. of 14. foote. I•…•… Perth moreouer a village in Scotlande another was taken vp, which to this day they shewe in a Church, vnder the name of little Iohn, being also 14. foote in length as diuers doe affirme which haue be∣holden the same. In the yeare of grace. 1475. the bodye of Tulliola daughter vnto Cicero, was taken vp and found higher by not a fewe féete then the common sorte of women liuing in those dayes. Geruasius Tilberiensis, hedde Marshall to the King of Arles writeth,* 1.14 in his Chronicle dedicated to Otho. 4. howe that at Isoretum, in the suburbes of Paris, he sawe the bodye of a man that was twentye foote long, beside the heade and necke, which was missing and not founde, the owner ha∣uing peraduenture bene beheadded for some notable trespasse committed in times past.

* 1.15A carkasse was taken vp at Iuye Church nere Salisburye but of late to speake of, al∣most 14 foote long.

* 1.16In Gillesland in Come Whitton paroche not far from the chappell of the Moore, sixe miles by East from Carleill, a coffin of stone was founde, and therein the bones of a man, of more then incredible greatnes.

Richarde Grafton, in his Manuell telleth of one whose shinne bone conteined sixe foote,* 1.17 &. his scul so great that it was able to receiue 5. pe•…•…kes of wheate, wherefore by coniecturall symmetrye of these partes, his bodye must néedes be of 28. foote, or rather more, if it were diligently discussed.

* 1.18The body of king Arthur being found in the yere 1189. was two foote higher than any man that came to behold ye same, finally the carcas of William conquerour was séene not many yeares since, in the Citie of Cane,* 1.19 twelue yn∣ches longer, by ye iudgment of such as saw it, thā any man which dwelled in the countrey, all which testimonies I note togither bicause they procéede from Christian writers, from whome nothing shoulde bée farther or more distant, then of set purpose to lie, & féede the world with Fables. Nowe it resteth further∣more yt I set downe, what I haue read therof in Pagane writers, who had alwayes great regarde of their credit, and so ought all men that dedicate any thing vnto posteritie, least in going about otherwise to reape renowme and praise, they doe procure vnto themselues in the ende nothing else but méere contempt and infamy: for my part I will touch rare thinges, and such as to my selfe doe séeme almost incredible: howbeitas I find them, so I note them, requiring your Honour in rea∣ding hereof, to let euerye Author beare hys owne burden, and euery Oxe his bundle.

Plutarche telleth howe Sertorius being in Libia, néere vnto the stréetes of Maroco,* 1.20 cau∣sed the Sepulchre of Antheus, afore remem∣bred to be opened, for heareing by cōmon re∣port that the saide Gyaunt lay buryed there, whose corps was 50. cubits long at the least, he was so far of frō crediting the same, that he would not beleue it, vntil he saw the coffin o∣pen wherein the bones of the aforesaid prince did rest. To be short therefore, he caused his souldiers to cast downe the hil made somtime ouer the tombe, and finding the bodie in the bottome, after the measure thereof taken, he sawe it manifestly, to be 60. cubits in length, which were ten more then the people made accompt of.

Philostrate in Heroices sayth,* 1.21 how he sawe the body of a Gyant 30. cubits in length, also the carkasse of another of 22. and the thirde, of 12.

Plinie telleth of an Earthquake at Creta,* 1.22 which discouered the body of a Gyant, which was 46. cubits in length after the Romaine standerde, and by dyuers supposed to be the bodye of Orion or Aetion.

Trallianus writeth howe the Athenienses digging on a time in the grounde to laye the foundatiō of their new walles in the dayes of an Emperour,* 1.23 did finde the bones of Macro∣syris in a coffin of harde stone, of 10. cubites in length after the accompt of the Romaine cubite, which was then a foote and an halfe & not much diffrence from halfe a yarde of our measure nowe in Englande. In the time of Hadriane themperour the body of a Gyaunt was take vp at Messana conteining 20. foote in length, & hauing a double row of téeth, yet

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standing whole in his chaps, In Dalmatia, manye graues were shaken open with an earthquake, in one of which aboue the rest, a carcasse was found whose ribbe conteined 16. elles, after the Romaine measure, whereby ye whole body was iudged to be 64. sith ye lōgest rib is cōmonly about ye fourth part of a man, as some Simmetriciēs affirme, Arrhian{us} saith that in the time of Alexander the bodies of ye Asianes were generally of huge stature, and commonly of 5. cubits, such was the height of Porus of Inde, whome Alexander vanqui∣shed and ouerthrew in battaile. Sudas spea∣keth in like maner of Ganges, killed likewise by the sayd prince, who farre excéeded Porus for he was 10. cubits lōg. But of al these this one example shall passe, which I doe reade also in Trallianus & he setteth downe in forme and manner following.

* 1.24In the daies of Tiberius themperor saith he a corps was left bare or layde open after an erthquake of which eche tooth cōteined 12. yn∣ches ouer at ye lest, now forasmuch as in such as bée full mouthed eche chap hath 16. teeth at the least, which is 32. in ye whole, néedes must the wydenesse of this mannes chappes be sixetéene foote, and the opening of his lippes 10. A large mouth in mine opinion and not to féede with Ladies of my time, besides that if occasion serued, it was able to receiue the whole bodye of a man, I meane of such as flourish in our daies. Whē this careasse was thus founde, euery man marueyled at it and good cause why, a messenger also was sente vnto Tiberius themperour to know his plea∣sure,* 1.25 whether he wold haue the same brought euer vnto Rome or not, but he forbade them, willing his Legate not to remooue the deade out of his resting place, but rather to sende him a tooth out of his head, which being done, he gaue the same to a cunning workeman, commanding him to shape a carcasse of light matter, after the proporcion of the tooth, that at the least by such meanes he might satisfie his curious minde, and the fantasies of such as are delited with newes.

* 1.26To be short whē the ymage was once made and set vp an end, it appeared rather an huge collossy then the true representation of the carcasse of a man, and when it had stande in Rome vntill the people were wearye of it and thorowly satisfied with the sight thereof, he caused it to bée broken all to péeces, and the tooth sent againe to the carcasse from whence it came, willing them moreouer to couer it diligently, & in any wise not to dismē∣ber the corps, nor from thencefoorth to bée so hardie as to open the sepulchre any more. I could rehearse many mo examples of the bo∣dies of such men, out of Solinus, Sabellicus Cooper, and other, but these here shall suffise to prooue my purpose with all. I might tell you in like sorts of the stone which Turnus threwe at Aeneas, which was such as that 12. chosen and picked men

(Qualia nunc hominum producit corpora tellus.* 1.27)
were not able to sturre and remooue out of the place, but I passe it ouer, & diuers of the like, concluding that these huge blockes were ordeined and created by God: first for a testi∣monie vnto vs, of his power and myght, se∣condly for a confirmation that hugenesse of bodye is not to be accompted, of as a part of our felicitie, sith they which possessed ye same, were not onely tyrauntes, doltysh, and euyll men, but also oftentimes ouercome euen by the weake and féeble. Finally they were such in déede as in whome the Lorde delited not, according to the saying of the Prophet Ba∣ruch.

Ibi fuerunt gigantes nominati, illi qui ab ini∣tio fuerunt statura magna, scientes bellum,* 1.28 hos non elegit dominus, neque illis viam disciplinae dedit, propterea perierunt, & quoniam nō ha∣buerunt sapientiam, interierunt propter suam insipientiam. &c.

There were the Gyants, famous from the beginning, that were of so great stature & so expert in warre. Those did not the Lorde choose neither gaue he the way of knowledge vnto them. But they were destroied, because they had no wisedome, and perished through their owne foolishnesse.

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