The firste [laste] volume of the chronicles of England, Scotlande, and Irelande conteyning the description and chronicles of England, from the first inhabiting vnto the conquest : the description and chronicles of Scotland, from the first original of the Scottes nation till the yeare of our Lorde 1571 : the description and chronicles of Yrelande, likewise from the first originall of that nation untill the yeare 1571 / faithfully gathered and set forth by Raphaell Holinshed.

¶ A Treatise contayning a playne and perfect Description of Irelande, with an Introduction, to the better vnderstanding of the Hystories, appartayning to that Islande: compyled by Richard Stanyhurst, and written to the Ryght Honorable, Syr Henry Sydney Knight, Lorde Deputie of Irelande, Lorde president of Wales, Knight of the most noble order of the Garter, and one of hir Maiesties priuie Counsell with∣in hir realme of England.

MY VERY good Lorde, there haue beene diuers of late, that with no small •…•…oyle, and great commenda•…•…ion, haue through∣ly imployed themselues, in •…•…l∣ling and packing togither the scrapings and fr•…•…gments of the Hystorie of Ireland. Amōg which crow, my fast friende, & inwarde com∣pagnion, M. Edmond Campion, dyd so lear∣nedly bequite himselfe, in the penning of cer∣tayne briefe notes, cōcerning that countrey, as certes it was greatly to be lamented, that eyther hys, theame had not béene shorter, or else his leasure had not beene longer. For if Alexander were so ra•…•…isht with Homer hys hystorie, that notwithstāding Thersites were a crabbed and a rugged dwarfe, being in out∣warde feature so deformed, and in inwarde conditions so cr•…•…ked, as he seemed to stande to no better stéede, then to leade Apes in h•…•…ll, yet the valiaunt capitayne weighing, howe liuely the goldē Poet set foorth the ougly da•…•…∣deprat in his coulours, dyd sooner wyshe to be Homer his Thersites, then to be the Alexander of that doltish rythmour, which vndertooke, with his woodden verses to blase his famous and martiall exploytes: howe much more ought Irelande (being in sundry ages seized of diuers good and couragious Alexanders) sore to long, & thirste after so rare a clarcke, as M. Campion, who was so vpright in con∣science, so déepe in iudgement, so rype in elo∣quence, as the countrey might haue bene wel assured, to haue had their hystorie truely re∣ported, pithily handled, and brauely polished.

Howbeit, although the glose of his fine a∣bridgement, being macht with other mens dooings, bare a surpassing kinde of excellen∣cie, yet it was so hudled vp in haste, as in re∣spect of a Campion his absolute perfection, it séemed rather to be a work roughly hewed, then smoothly planed. Vpon which grounde the gentleman being willing, y^t his so tender a suckling, hauing as yet but gréene bones, should haue béene swadled and rockt in a cra∣dle, till in tract of tyme the ioynctes thereof were knit, and growen stronger, yet notwith∣standing he was so crost in the nycke of thys determination, that his hystorie in mitching wyse wandred through sundry hands, and be∣ing therwithall in certaine places some what tyckle tongued (for M. Campion dyd learne it to speake) and in other places ouer spare, it twi•…•…led more tales out of schoole, and drow∣ned weightyes matters in silence, then the •…•…uctor vpon better view, and longer searche woulde haue permitted. This much being by the sager sorte poudered, and the perfection of the hystorie earnestly desired, I as one of the most, that could doe least, was fully resolued, to enriche M. Campion his Chronicle, with further additiōs. But weighing on the other side, that my course pack thréede coulde not haue béene s•…•…tably knit with his sine sticke, & what a disgrace it were, hungerly to botch vp a riche garment, by clowting it with pat∣ches of sundrye coulours, I was foorthwyth reclaymed from my former resolution, rec∣kening it for better, that my penne shoulde walke in such wyse in that craggie and bal∣kishe way, as the truth of the matter being forepriced, I would neyther openly borrow, nor priuily imbezell, ought to any great pur∣pose from his hystorie. But as I was ham∣mering that worke by stealthes on y^e anuille, I was giuen to vnderstande by some of mine acquaintaunce, that others had brought our rawe hystorie to that rypenesse as my paine, therein woulde séeme but néedelesse. Where∣vpon being willing to be eased of the burden, and loath also in lurching wise to forestall a∣ny man his trauayle, I was contented, to leaue them thumping in the forge, and quiet∣lye to repayre to mine vsuall and pristinate studies, taking it not to stande with good ma∣ners, lyke a flittering flye, to fall in an other man his dishe. Howbeit, the little payne I tooke therin was not so secretly mewed with∣in my closet, but it slipt out at one chincke or other, and romed so farre abroade, as it was whispered in their eares, who before were in the hystorie busied. The gentlemen concey∣uing a greater opinion of mée, then I was well able to vpholde, dealt very effectually with mée, that aswell at their instaunce, as for the affection I bare my natiue countrey, I woulde put mine helping hand, to the buil∣ding and perfecting of so commendable a

worke. Hauing breathed for a fewe dayes on this motion, albeit I knewe, that my worke was plumed with Doime, and at that time, was not sufficientlye feathered to flée, yet I was by them weighed not to beare my selfe coy, by giuing mine entier friendes in so rea∣sonable a request a squaimish repulse. Wher∣fore, my singular good Lorde, her•…•… is layde downe to your Lordshippe his view a briefe discourse, with a iagged hystorie of a ragged Weale publicke. Yet as naked as at the first blushe it seemeth, if it shall stande wyth your Honour his pleasure (whome I take to be an experte Lapidarie) at vacant houres to insearche it, you shall finde therein stones of such estimatiō, as are woorthy to be coucht in riche and precious collets. And in especiall your Lordship, aboue all others, in that you haue the charge of that countrey, may here be schooled, by a right line to leuell your go∣uernement. For in perusing this hystorie, you shall finde vice punished, vertue rewar∣ded, rebellion suppressed, loyaltie exalted, hautinesse disly•…•…ed, courtisie beloued, brybery detested, iustice embraced, polling Officers to there parpetuall shame reproued, and vp∣right gouernours to their eternall fame ex∣tolled. And •…•…ruely, to my thinking, such magi∣strates, as meane to haue a vigilant eye to their charge, can not bestow their tyme bet∣ter, then when they sequence themselues frō the affayres of the wealpublicke, to recreate & quicken their spirites by reading the Chro∣nicles, that decipher the gouernement of a wealepublicke. For as it is no small commē∣dacion, for one to beare the dooings of many, so it breedeth great admiration, generally to haue all those qualities in one mā herboured, for which particularly diuers are eternized. And who so will be addicted to the reading of hystories, shall readily finde diuers euentes woorthy to be remembred, and sundry sounde examples daily to be followed. Vpon which grounde the learned haue, not without cause, adiudged an hystorie to be, the Marrowe of reason, the creame of experience, the sappe of wysedome, the pith of iudgement, the library of knowledge, the kernell of pollicie, the vn∣foldresse of treacherie, the kalender of tyme, the lanterne of trueth, the lyfe of memorie, the doctresse of behauiour, the register of an∣tiquitie, the trumpet of chiualrie. And that our Irishe hystorie being diligently héeded, yéeldeth al these commodities. I trust the in∣different reader, vpon the vntwyning there∣of, will not denie. But if any man his sto∣macke shall be founde so tenderly niced, or so deintily spyced, as that he may not, forsooth, digest the grose draffe of so base a countrey, I doubt not, but your Lordship, who is throu∣ghly acquaynted with the woorthinesse of the Island, 〈…〉〈…〉 perswaded, 〈◊〉〈◊〉 •…•…eaue •…•…h quaint and •…•…courous repast•…•…s, to féede on their costly and delicate Woodcockes, & wil∣lingly to accept the louing present of your hearty welwiller.

The gift is small, the giuer hys good wyll is great, I stand in good hope, that the great∣nesse of the one wyll countrepoise the smal∣nesse of the other. Wherefore, that I may the sooner vnbrayde y^e pel•…•…sh t•…•…sh, that is wrapt wythin thys Treatise, I shall craue your Lordshippe, to lende me eyther your eares 〈◊〉〈◊〉 hearing, or your eyes in reading the tenour of the discourse following.

The greater parte as well of Cos•…•…nogra∣phers, as Chronographers, with one a•…•…e affirme,* 1.1 that Irelande (the vttermost We∣sterne Isle knowne) is halfe as bigge as Bri∣tannia. Which I take to be true, if the worde Britannia so farre displaye the signification, that it comprise England, Wales, & Scot∣land. To which opinion,* 1.2 Giraldus Cambrien∣•…•…e •…•…elyeth, saying, that Britannia condemeth in length 800. myles, and 200. in breadth Ireland he taketh to be in length from the mountaynes called Torrache (the author of Polychronicon termeth them Brend•…•…n hys hils) to s. Colū•…•…e his Island, eight dayes iour∣ney, rating of long Irish myles, 40. miles to the day: and in breadth from Dublin to •…•…. Pa∣trike his hilles, & the sea of Comaght foure dayes iourney, according to the former rate. So as by Cambriense his suruey (who was a curious ensearcher thereof) Ireland is 320. myles long of Irish myles, and 160. myles broade. And accompting 320. Irish myles to amount to 400. english miles, which maye well be reckoned accordyng to their iudge∣mentes, that haue trauayled in the Irish ter∣ritories. Ireland wil be found halfe as big as Britannia, which Giraldus Cambriense auou∣cheth, saying: that Irelande is as bigge as Wales and Scotland. Irelande hath on the east, England, within one dayes saylyng: on the south east, it hath Fraunce: Hispayne on the south, distant thrée dayes sayling: on the west the mayne Ocean sea.

Touching the name Ibernia,* 1.3 Historiogra∣phers are not yet agréed frō whence it is de∣ducted. Some write it Hybernia corruptly, & suppose that the estraungers finding it in an odde end of the world, foisty and moisty, tooke it at the first for a very cold countrey, & ther∣of named it Hybernia, as to say, the Winter∣land. But this errour beyng vpon short expe∣riēce reformed, it could not be, that the name should haue liued long, especially the first im∣positours

sub•…•…s the triall, and able to al∣ter the first no win•…•….* 1.4 •…•…th•…•… bo•…•… 〈◊〉〈◊〉 guesh, that it should be named of Irelande. But be∣cause I read nothing of them •…•…any probable history, I purpose not to builde vpon that cō∣iecture. Most credibly it is holden, that the Hispaniardes, the founders of the Irish, has deuotion towardes. Hispayn, called then Ibe∣ria of Iberius t•…•…e sonne of Iuhall,* 1.5 and the ra∣ther, forther themselues had dwelled beside the famous riuer Iberus, named the land I∣beria (for so •…•…eland and many forreine chro∣niclers write it) or Ibernia, addyng the letter i•…•… for difference sake. And fro Ibernia procée∣deth Iberland or Iuerland, from Iuerlande, by contractiō, Ireland, for so much as in cor∣ruption of commō talke and find that V. with his vocabel, is easily lost, and suppressed. So we say ere for euer, nere for neuer: shoole for shoou•…•…ll: ore for ouer: en•…•… for euent dyle for de∣uil. At the same tyme it was also named Sco∣tia in reuerence of Scotach,* 1.6 the wyfe of Ga∣thelus, auncient capitayne of those Iberians that f•…•…itted from Hispayne into Ireland, and the sayd Scotach was olde grandame to Hi∣berus and Hermon after the Scottish Chro∣nicles, who in any wise will haue their coun∣treymen deriued from the Irish,* 1.7 and not frō the Britōs. The name Scotia is of late yeres so vsually taken for that parte of Britayne, that compriseth Scotland, that diuers aunci∣ent Irish authours are holden to be borne in Scotland, wheras in very déede their natiue soyle is Ireland. As the famous schoole man Iohannes Duns Scotus,* 1.8 otherwise named, do∣nor Subtîlis, for his subtill quiddities in scho∣lasticall controuersies, was an Irishe man borne, and yet is taken for a Scotte. Some hold opinion, that he was born in Tathmon, a market towne, fiue myles distaunt from Weiseford. Others auouche, and that more truely, that he was borne in Doune, an olde auncient ciuitie in the North of Ireland, and therof they gesse hym to be named Dunensis,* 1.9 and by contraction Duns, which terme is so triuiall and common in all schooles, that who so surpasseth others either in cauilling sophi∣stry, or subtill philosophy, is forthwith nick∣named a Duns. Wherfore as Scotlande is named Scotia minor,* 1.10 so Irelande is termed Scotia maior, as the hed from whence y^t name of Scotia minor tooke his ofspring. The Irish also were named of the foresayd Gathelus, or Gaudeilus,* 1.11 Gaudeili. In their Irish rythmes, they terme Ireland very often Banno.* 1.12 I can not deuine what reason should lead their ma∣kers therto, vnlesse it be the riuer in the coū∣tie of Wieseford,* 1.13 named the Banne, where the Britons vpon the conquest first arriued. The place otherwise is called Bagganbun, according to the olde auncient rithme.

〈◊〉〈◊〉 •…•…cke of Bagganbun•…•…,* 1.14 Ireland •…•…ea•…•… lost and wunne.

For the remembraunce of which riuer so notoriously faw•…•…used, a•…•… can•…•…th great likely∣hoode that the name should be to the whole realme, generally aforebed. Sundry latin au∣thors write Ireland, Inuerna; others Iuerna,* 1.15 dingus I•…•…erna Claudius nameth it Iberno. The diue•…•… s•…•…e of which names grew; for that •••• their tyme the true and certayne name was not knowen, so that they were contented to take it, as they found it, which matters is hād∣led by Hermolaus Barbards.* 1.16

There are some of the endes fort so quaint in seueryng the name Irish and Ireland, as that they word be named Ireland men, but in no wyse Irishmen. But certes, in my fan∣tasie suche curious distinctors may be very aptly resembled to the foolishe butcher, that offred to haue fold his metton for xv. grotes, and yet woulde not taken crowne. Who so will grate vpō such nice diuersities in respect y^t he is ashamed of his country, truly in mine opinion, his •…•…ntry may be ashamed of him.

Ireland is deuided into foure regiōs,* 1.17 Lein∣ster, easte Connaght, west: •…•…ister, north: Moū∣ster, south: and into a fift plot, defalked from euery fourth parte, and yet •…•…earyng on eche part, called therof Media, Méeth, comprising as well east Méeth, as west Méeth. Leinster butteth vpō England: Vlster vpō y^e Scottish Islands, which face w^t Hebriades scattered betwene both the realmes,* 1.18 wherein at this day the Irish Scot, successor of y^e elder Scy∣thian, Pine, or Redshanke dwelleth. Eche of these fiue, where they are framable to ciuili∣tie, and aunswer the writtes of the Princes courtes,* 1.19 be sundred into Shieres or Coūties in this maner. In Leinster lyeth the Coun∣ties of Dublin, Hildare, Welseford or Gueis∣ford, Catherlach, Kilkenny, the Countyes of Leise and Ophaly, called the King & Quenes counties, these two lately so named by Par∣liament, in the raignes of Phillip and Mary, hauing shiere townes accordaunt, Phillips∣towne and Maryborough. Connaght hath the countie Clare: Vlster the countyes of Louthe, Doune, Antrim, one moyetie of the towne of Droghedagh (for y^e rest is in Méeth) and Carregfergus. In Mounster, lye the Countyes of Waterforde, Lymmericke, Corcke, Countie Palentine of Typperary, Keary, and the crosse of Typperary. Moun∣ster was of olde tyme deuided into east Moū∣ster, Ormond, West Mounster, Desmonde, South Mounster, Toonmound. The occasion why Ireland was parted into these v. princi∣pall

pull regions grew of this.* 1.20 There arriued in Ireland fiue brethren, that were •…•…e valiant and martiall gentlemen: to withe, Gandius, Genandius, Sagandus, otherwyse named Gangandius, Rorheragus, or Rutheranius, and Slanius. These fiue perceiuing that the countrey was not sufficiently peopled, were agreed, as if were, to cast lottes, and to share the whole realme betwene themselues. The foure elder wethren seueryng the countrey in∣to foure partes, and beyng lo•…•… for vse theyr yongest brother lyke an outcast or stepsonne, condescended that eche of them foure, should at there own portion allotte to Slanius a pa∣ryng or parcell of their enheritaunce. Which beyng as hart•…•…y receiued by Slanius, as it was bountifully graunted by them, he setled himselfe them, and of that particion it tooke the appellation of Media,* 1.21 Meethe. The foure partes méete at a certayne none at Méethe, neere the castle of Kilayre, as an indifferent meare to seuer the iiij. regions. But although Slanius in the beginning had the lest parcel, yet in short spare he stoode so well to his tack∣linges, and ener•…•…acht so far vpon his neigh∣bors, that he obtayned the whole Monarchie of Irelād. At which tyme he did not suppresse in obliuion his enheritance of Méethe,* 1.22 but did enlarge it, and decréed it should be a country appendant to the Monarch his diet or table. And albeit the confines thereof were by Sla∣nius stretched, yet it conteyneth not so much land, as any of the other foure partes com∣prehendeth, but rather by mois•…•…erent suruey, the halfe deale, whereof also it is not vnlikely, named Méeth. For where as in the tyme of Slanius eche of the foure partes compriseth •…•…r.* 1.23 cantareder. Méeth conteineth but xvj. can∣taredes. A cantarede is named so much land as conteyneth an hundred towneships. This Slanius is entoombed at an hill in Méethe, which of hym is named Slane.* 1.24

* 1.25There hath bene in ancient tyme one Gal∣fride Geneuile, Lord of the liberty of Méeth. This noble man became a Frier preacher, and deceased in the yeare of our Lorde, 1314. the xx. of October, and was entoombed in the Abbey of the blacke Friers at Trimme.

* 1.26There is also an other diuision of Irelande, into the English pale and Irishry. For when Ireland was subdued by the English, diuers of the conquerors planted themselues néere to Dublyn and the confines thereto adioy∣ning, and so as it were enclosing and empa∣lyng themselues within certayne listes and territories, they seazed away the Irish, in so much as that countrey became méere En∣glish. And therof it was termed, the English pale: which in auncient tyme stretched from Doondalke to Catherlogh or •…•…ke•…•…y. But now, what for the •…•…acknesse of marthou•…•…es, and the ener•…•…hyng of the Irish enemy, the scope of the English pale is greatly empay∣red, and is cramprened and •…•…ht into an odde corner of the countrey named Fingall, with a parcell of the king his land, Méeth the countries of Kyld•…•…re & Louth, which partes are applied chiefly with good husbandry, and takē for the richest and cicule•…•… soyles in Ire∣land.* 1.27 But Fingall especially from tyme to tyme hath bene so addicted to all the poyntes of Husbandry, as that they are nicknamed by their neighbors, for their continuall drud∣gery, Collonnes of the latin worde Coloni,* 1.28 wherunto the clipt English worde, Clowne, séemeth to be aunswerable. The worde Fin∣gall, counter•…•… yleth in englishe, the race or sept of the englishe or estraungers, for that they were soly seized of that part of y^e Island, gripyng with their callantes so firmely that warme neast, that from the conquest to this day, the Irish enimy could neuer rouse them from thence. The inhabitantes of the english pale haue bene in olde tyme so much addicted to all ciuilitie, and so farre sequestred from barbarous sauagenesse, as their only mother tongue was English.* 1.29 And truely as long as these empaled dwellers did sunder thēselues as wel in land as in language, frō the Irishe: rudenes was day by day in the countrey sup∣planted, ciuilitie engraffed, good lawes esta∣blished, loyaltie obserued, rebellion suppres∣sed, and in fine the cyone of a yong England, was lyke to shoote in Ireland. But whē their posteritie became not all togither so wary in kéeping, as their auncestors were valiant in conquering, and the Irish language was frée dennized in y^e English pale: this canker tooke such déepe roote, as the body that before was whole and sounde, was by little and little fe∣stered, and in maner wholy putrified. And not onely this parcel of Ireland grew to that ciuilitie, but also Vlster and the greater part of Mounster, as by the sequele of the Irishe history shall plainely appeare. But of all o∣ther places,* 1.30 Weiseforde with the territorye bayed, and perclosed within the riuer called the Pill, was so quite estranged from Irish∣ry, as if a trauailer of the Irish (which was rare in those dayes) had picht his foote within the pile and spoken Irishe, the Weisefordiās would commaunde hym forthwith to turne the other ende of his tongue, and speake En∣glishe, or else bring his trouchman with him. But in our dayes they haue so aquainted thē∣selues with the Irishe, as they haue made a mingle mangle, or gallamaulfrey of both the languages, and haue in such medley or chec∣kerwyse

so crabbedly iumbled them both to∣gyther, as commonly the inhabitants of the meaner sort speake neyther good English nor good Irishe.

There was of late dayes one of the Péeres of England sent to Weiseford as Commissi∣oner,* 1.31 to decide the controuersies of that coū∣trey, and earing in affable wise the rude com∣plaintes of the countrey clownes, he concey∣ued here and there, sometyme a worde, other whyles a sentence. The noble man beyng ve∣ry glad that vpon hys first commyng to Ire∣land, he vnderstood so many wordes, told one of hys familiar frends, that he stoode in very great hope, to become shortly a well spoken man in the Irishe, supposing that the blunte people had pratled Irishe, all the while they iangled Englishe. Howbeit to this day, the dregs of the olde auncient Chaucer English, are kept as well there as in Fingall.* 1.32 As they terme a spider, an attercop, a wispe, a wad, a lumpe of bread, a pocket or a pucket, a Sil∣libuck, a copprouse, a faggot, a blease, or a blaze, for the short burning of it, as I iudge, a Phisition, a leache, a gappe, a sharde, a base court or quadrangle, a bawen, or rather, as I suppose, a barton: y^e household or folkes, meany: Sharppe, kéene, estraunge, vncouth, easie, éeth or éefe, a dunghill, a mizen, as for the worde bater, that in English purporteth a lane,* 1.33 bearing to an high way, I take it for a méere Irishe worde, that crepte vnawares into the English, thorough the daily enter∣course of the English and Irish inhabitants. And where as commonly in all countreys, the women speake most neately and pertely, whiche Tully in hys thirde booke de Oratore, speakyng in the person of Grassus, séemed to haue obserued,* 1.34 yet notwithstandyng in Ire∣land it falloth out contrary. For the women haue in theyr English tongue an harrish and broade kynd of pronunciation, with vtteryng their wordes so péeuishly & faintly, as though they were halfe sicke, and ready to call for a possette. And most commonly in wordes of two sillables, they giue the last the accent. As they say, Markeate, Baskeate, Gossoupe, Pussoate, Robart, Niclase, &c. which doubt∣lesse doth disbeautifie their Englishe aboue measure. And if they could be weaned from that corrupt custom, there is none that could dislyke of their English.

Here percase some snappish carper will take mée at rebounde, and snuffingly snibbe me, for debacing the Irish language. But truely whosoeuer shall be founde so ouerthwarlly bent, he takes the matter far awrie. For as my skill is very simple there in, so I woulde be loath, to disueyle my rashnesse, in giuing light verdict in any thing to me vnknowen: But onely my short discourse tendeth to this drift, that it is not expedient, that the Irishe tongue shoulde be so vniuersally gagled in in the English pale, bycause that by proofe & experience we see, that the pale was in neuer more florishing estate, thē when it was whol∣ly English, & neuer in woorse plight, thē since it hath enfraunchysed the Irishe.* 1.35 But some will say, that I shewe my selfe herein as fri∣uoulous, as some loosing gamesters séeme su∣perstitious, when they play themselfes drye, they gogle wyth their eyes hither and thy∣ther, and if they can pyre out any one, that gi∣ueth, them the gaze, they stande lumping and lowring, fretting and fuming, for that they imagine, that all theyr euill lucke procéeded of hym. And yet if the stander by departe, the looser may be founde as dryshauen, as he was before. And euen so it fareth wyth you, bycause you sée all things runne to ruine in the Englishe pale, by reason of great enor∣mities in the countrey, eyther openly praui∣sed, or couertlye wyncked at, you glaunce your eye on that, which standeth next you, & by beating Iacke for Iyll, you impute the fault to that, which perhappes woulde little further the wealepublicke, if it were exiled. Now truely you shoote very néere the mark. But it I may craue your patience, to tyme you sée me shoote my bolt, I hope you will not deny, but that as néere the pricke as you are, & as very an hagler as I am, yet the scant∣ling shall be myne. First therefore take this wyth you, that a conquest draweth,* 1.36 or at the least wyse ought to drawe to it, thrée things, to witte, law, apparayle, and languague. For where the countrey is subdued, there the in∣habitants ought to be ruled by the same law that the cōquerour is gouerned, to weare the same fashion of attyre, wherewith the vic∣tour is vested, & speake the same language, that the vanquisher parleth. And if anye of these thrée lacke, doubtlesse the conquest liue∣peth. Now whereas Irelande hath béene, by lawfull conquest, brought vnder the subiectiō of Englande, not onelye in king Henry the second his reigne, but also as well before, as after (as by the course of the Irish hystorye shal euidently be deciphered) & the conquest hath béene so absolute and perfect, that all Leinster, Méeth, Vlster, the more parte of Connaght, and Mounster, all the Ciuities & Burronghes in Irelande, haue béene wholly Englished, and with Englishe conquerours inhabited, is it decent, thinke you, that theyr owne auncient natiue tongue shal be shrow∣ded in obliuion, and suffer the enemies lan∣guage, as it were a tettarre, or ringwoorme,

to herborow it self within the iawes of Eng∣lishe conquerours? no truely. And nowe that I haue fallen vnawares into this discourse, it will not be far amisse to stande somewhat roundly vpon this poynt. It is knowen, and by the hystorie, you maye in part perceyue, how brauely Vlster Whillon floorished. The Englishe families were there implanted, the Irish, eyther vtterly expelled, or wholly sub∣dued, the lawes duely executed, the reuenue great, and onely English spoken. But what brought it to this present ruine and decaye? I doubt not, but you gesse, before I tell you. They were enuironned & cōpassed with euill neighbours. Neighbourhoode bredde acquain∣tance, acquaintance wafted in y^e Irish tōgue, the Irishe hooked with it attyre, attyre haled rudenes, rudenesse engendred ignorāce, igno∣raunce brought contempt of lawes, the con∣tempt of lawes bred rebelliō, rebellion raked thereto warres, and so cōsequently the vtter decay and desolatiō of that worthy countrey.

If these chinkes, when first they beganne to chappe, had béene diligently by the dwellers stopt, hir Maiestie at this daye, to hir great charges, shoulde not haue béene occasioned, to damme vp with many thousand poundes, yea & with the woorthy carkasses of valiaunt souldiours, the gaps of that rebellious Nor∣thren countrey. Now put the case that the I∣rishe tongue were as sacred as the Hebrewe, as learned as the Gréeke, as fluent as the latin, as amarous as y^e Italian, as courtious as the Hispanish, as courtelike as y^e French, yet truely (I know not which way it falleth out) I sée not, but it may be very well spared in the Englishe pale. And if reason will not leade you to thinke it, truely experience must force you to graunt it. In olde time when the Romaines were first acquaynted wyth the Gréeke tongue, as it is cōmonly the nature of mā to be delighted with newfangle wares, so he was accompted no gallant among the Romaines, that coulde not prattle & chatte Gréeke.* 1.37 Marcus Cicero, father vnto Tully, being at that tyme stept in yeres, perceyuing hys countreymen to become changelings, in being bylwyse and polmadde, & to suck with the Gréeke the conditions of the Grecians, as to be in wordes talkatiue, in behauiour light, in condicions quaint, in maners haute, in promises vnstedfast, in othes rash, in bar∣gaines wauering (which were reckened for Gréekish properties in those dayes) the olde gentleman not so much respecting the neate∣nesse of the language, as the naughty fruite it brought wyth it, sayde, that his countrey∣men, the Romaynes, resembled the bonde slaues of Siria. For y^e more parfit they were in the Gréeke, the woorse they were in theyr maners and lyfe. If this gentleman had bene now liuing and had séene what alteratiō hath happened in Irelād, through the entrecourse of languages, he woulde, I dare saye, breake patience, & woulde demaunde, why the Eng∣lishe pale is more giuen to learne the Irishe, then the Irishman is willing to learne Eng∣lishe? we must embrace their language, and they detest oures. One demaunded meryly,* 1.38 why O Neale, that last was, would not frame himselfe to speake English? what: quoth the other, in a rage, thinkest thou, that it standeth with O Neale his honor, to wryeth his mouth in clattering Englishe? and yet forsooth we must gagge our iawes in gybbrishing Irish. But I dwelt to long in so apparēt a matter. As all the ciuities and townes in Irelande, wyth Fingall, the king his lande, Méeth the Coūtey of Kildare, Louth, Weisford, speake to this day Englishe (whereby the simplicitie of some is to be derided, that iudge the inha∣bitantes of the Englishe pale, vpon their first repayre to England, to learne their English in thrée or foure dayes, as though they had bought at Chester a groates woorth of Eng∣lishe, and so packt vp the reast to be caryed after them to London) euen so in all other pla∣ces their natiue language is Irishe.

I finde it solemly aduouched, aswel in some of the Irish pamphlets,* 1.39 as in Giraldus Cam∣briense, that Gathelus or Gaidelus, and after him Simon Breck deuised the Irish language,* 1.40 out of all other tongues then extant in the worlde. And thereof, sayeth Cambriense, it is called Gaydelach, partly of Gaidelus the first founder, partly for that it is cōpounded of all languages. But considering the course of en∣terchaunging and blending of speaches togy∣ther, not by inuention of arte, but by vse of talke, I am rather led to beléeue (séeing Ire∣lande was inhabited within one yeare after the deuision of tongues) that Bastolenus a braunche of Iaphet,* 1.41 who first seized vppon Irelande, brought thither the same kinde of speache, some of the 72. that to this familie befell at the desolatiō of Babell. Vnto whom succéeded the Scitians, Grecians, Egiptiās,* 1.42 Hispainyardes, Danes, of all which, the ton∣gue must néedes haue borowed part, but espe∣cially retayning the steps of Hispanish, then spoken in Granado, as from their mightiest auncestours. Since then to Henry Fitz Em∣presse the Conquerour, no such inuasion hap∣pened them, as wherby they might be driuen to infect their natiue language, vntouched in maner for the space of seauentéene hundred yeres after the arriuall of Iberius. It séemeth to borow of y^e Hispanish the commō phrase,

Commestato,* 1.43 that is, how doe you? or howe fareth it with you? It fetcheth sundry words from the Latine, as Argette, of Argentum, money: sallē, of Sal, salt: Cappoulle, of Ca∣ballus, a plough horse, or according to the olde English terme, a caballe, or caple: Birreate, of the olde motheaten Latine worde, Birre∣rum; a bonnet. The tongue is sharpe and sen∣tencious, offereth great occasion to quicke a∣pothegmes and proper allusions. Wherefore their common iestours & rithmours, whome they terme,* 1.44 Bardes, are sayde to delight pas∣singly those that conceyue the grace and pro∣pertie of the tongue. But the true Irishe in déede differeth so much from that they com∣monly speake,* 1.45 that scarse one in fiue hundred can eyther, reade, wryte, or vnderstande it. Therfore it is preserued amōg certaine their poetes and antiquaries.* 1.46 And in very déede the lāguage caryeth such difficultie with it, what for the estraungenesse of the phrase, and the curious featnesse of the pronounciation, that a very fewe of the countrey can attayne to the perfection thereof, and much lesse a for∣reinner or estraunger. A gentleman of mine acquaintance reported that he dyd sée a wo∣man in Rome, which was possest with a bab∣bling spirite, that coulde haue chatted any language sauing the Irishe, and that it was so difficult, as the very Deuyll was grauey∣led therewith. A gentleman that stoode by, aunswered, that he tooke the speache to be so sacred & holy, that no damned fenne had the power to speake it, no more then they are a∣ble to say, (as the reporte goeth) the verse of s. Iohn the Euāgelist.* 1.47 Et verbū caro factū est. Nay by God his mercy, mā, quoth the other: I stande in doubt, I tell you, whether the A∣postles in theyr copious marte of languages at Ierusalem, coulde haue spoken Irishe, if they were opposed, wherat the company har∣tily laughed.* 1.48 As fluent as the Irishe tonge is, yet it lacketh diuers words, & borroweth thē, verbatim of the English. As there is no vul∣gare Irish word, (vnlesse there besome odde terme) y^e lurcketh in any obscure shrowds or other of their storehouse) for a Cote, a Gown a Dublet, an Hatte, a drinking Cup; but on∣ly they vse y^e same words w^t a little inflexion, they vse also y^e contracted english phrase, god morrow, y^t is, God giue you a good morning.

I haue opposed sundry times, the expertest menne, that coulde be had in the country, and all they coulde neuer fynde out an equiualēt Irish word for Knaue.* 1.49 The Grecians accor∣ding to Tully his iudgement, were in y^e same predicament, as touching the terme, Ineptus. His wordes are these. Ego mehercule ex om∣nibus latinis verbis, huius verbi vim vel maxi∣mam semper putaui: Quem enim nos ineptū vocamus, is mihi videtur, ab hoc nomen habere ductum, quod non sit aptus, idque in sermonis nostri consuetudine perlate patet. Nam qui aut tempus, quo quid postulet, non videt, aut plu∣ra loquitur, aut se ostentat, aut eorum, quibus∣cum est, vel dignitatis vel commodi rationem non habet, aut denique in aliquo genere aut inconcinnus aut multus est, is ineptus esse dici∣tur. Hoc vitio cumulata est erudissima illa grae∣corum natio: Itaque {quod} vim huius mali Graeci non vident, ne nomen quidem ei vitio impo∣suerunt. Vt enim quaeras omnia, quomodo Graeci. In eptum appellent, non reperies.

Certes, I haue béene of opinion, sayeth Tully, that among the whole crue of Latine termes, the worde, Ineptus, hath béene of greatest im∣portance or weight. For he whome we name Ineptus, séemeth to mée, to haue the etimolo∣gie or ofspring of his name, here hence deri∣ued, that he is not apt, which stretcheth farre and wyde, in the vsuall custome of our dailye speache or communication. For he that doth not perceyue, what is sitting or decent for e∣uerye season, or gabbleth more then he hath commission to doe, or that in bragging, boast∣ing, or peacockwise setteth hymselfe forth to the gaze, by making more of the broth, then y^e flesh is worth, or he y^e regardeth not the voca∣tion and affayres of them, with whō he enter∣medleth: or in fine, who so is stale w^tout grace or ouer tedious in any matter, he is tearmed Ineptus, (which is asmuch in Englishe,* 1.50 in my phantisy, as sausy, or malapart) The famous and learned Gréeke nation is generally dus∣ked with this fault. And for that the Grecians could not espy the innormity therof, they haue not so much framed a term therto. For if you should ransacke the whole Gréeke language you shall not finde a worde to counteruayle Ineptus. Thus far Tully, yet Budaeus, woulde not séeme to acknowledge this barrennesse,* 1.51 but that the Gréeke word 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, is e∣quipolent, to Ineptus, but that I referre to the iudgement of the learned, being very willing to finde out some other Budaeus, that coulde fashion an Iryshe worde for Knaue, whereof this discourse of Ineptus grewe. As the whole realme of Ireland is sundred into foure prin∣cipall parts, as before is sayd, so eche parcell differeth very much in y^e Irishe tongue, eue∣ry country hauing his dialect or peculiar ma∣ner, in speaking the language: therfore com∣monly in Irelande they ascribe a propertye to eche of the foure countryes in this sorte. Vlster hath the right Irishe phrase, but not the true pronunciation: Mounster hath y^e true pronunciation, but not the phrase: Leinster is deuoyde of the right phrase, and true pronun∣ciation.

Connaght hath both the right phrase and true pronunciation. There is a cholerike or disdainfull interiection vsed in the Irishe language,* 1.52 called Boagh, which is as much in English as twish. The Irish both in auncient tyme and to this day commonly vse it, & ther∣fore the English Conquerors called them I∣rishe poghes, or pogh Maurice, which taun∣tyng terme is at this day very wrongfully ascribed to them of the English pale. The English interiection, foagh, which is vsed in lothing,* 1.53 a ranke, or strong sauour, séemeth to be sibbe to the other.

Of the nature of the soyle, and other incidentes. Chap. 2.

THe soyle is lowe and watrish, encludeth diuers little Islandes, enuironned wyth lakes and marrish. Highest hilles haue stan∣dyng pooles in theyr tops. Inhabitantes espe∣cially new come, are subiect to distillations, reumes and flires. For remedy wherof, they vse an ordinary drinke of Aqua vitae,* 1.54 so qual∣lified in the makyng, that it dryeth more, and enflameth lesse then other whote confections. One Theoricus wrote a proper treatise of A∣qua vitae,* 1.55 wherein he prayseth it to the ninth degrée. He destmguisheth thrée sortes therof, Simplex, composita, and Perfectissima. He de∣clareth the simples and ingrediences thereto belongyng. He wisheth it to be taken as well before meate as after. It dryeth vp the brea∣kyng out of handes,* 1.56 and killeth the fleshe wormes, if you wash your handes therewith. It skoureth all skurse and skaldes from the head, beyng therewith daily washte before meales. Beyng moderately taken, sayth he, it sloeth age, it strengtheneth youth, it helpeth digestion, it cutteth fleume, it abandoneth melancholy, it relisheth the hart, it lighteneth the mynd, it quickeneth the spirites, it cureth the hydropsie, it healeth the strangury, it poū∣ceth the stone, it expelleth grauell, it puffeth away all Ventositie, it kepeth and preferueth the hed from whirlyng, the eyes from daze∣lyng, the tongue from lispyng, the mouth frō mafflyng, the téeth frō chatteryng, the throte from ratling, the weasan from stieflyng, the stomacke from wambling, the harte from swellyng, the belly from wirtchyng, the guts from rumblyng, the handes from shiuering, the smowes from shrinkyng, the veynes frō crumpling, the bones from akyng, the mar∣raw from soakyng.* 1.57 Vlstadius also ascribeth thereto a singuler prayse, and would haue it to burne beyng kindled, which he taketh to be a token to know the goodnesse therof. And truly it is a soueraigne liquour, if it be order∣ly taken.

The ayre is very holesome, not generally so cleare and subtill as that of Englande. The weather is more temperate, beyng not so warme in Sommer, nor colde in winter, as it is in Englande and Flaunders. The coun∣trye is stoared with Bées, contrarye to the opinion of some wryters, who both in this & other errours, touching this countrye, maye easily be excused, as those that wrote by here∣say. No Vineyards, yet Grapes growe there as in Englande. They lacke the Roe buck, as Polichronicon writeth.* 1.58 They lack y^e Bird cal∣led the Pye. Howbeit in the Englishe pale to thys daye, they vse to tearme a slye cosener, a wyly Pye.* 1.59 Cambriense in his time cōplai∣neth, that Irelande had excesse of woode, and very little champayne grounde, but now the English pale is to naked. Turfe is their most fewell and seacoale.* 1.60 No venemous créeping beaste is brought forth, or nourished, or can liue in Irelande, being brought or sent. And therfore the spyder of Ireland is wel known not to be venemous, onely because a frogge was found lying in the medowes of Water∣forde somewhat before the conquest they con∣strued it, to importe their ouerthrowe.* 1.61

Bede wryteth that serpentes conueighed to Irelande did presently die,* 1.62 beyng touched with the smell of the lande, that whatsoeuer came from Irelande was then of souereigne vertue against poysō. He exemplifieth in cer∣tayne men, stung of Adders, who dranke in water, the scrapings of bookes, that had béene of Irelande, and were cured. Generally it is obserued, the farther west, the lesse annoiance of pestilent creatures. The want whereof is to Irelande so peculiar, that whereas it laye long in question, to whether realme Bry∣tayne or Irelande the Ile of man should ap∣pertayne,* 1.63 the sayd controuersie was decyded: that forsomuch as venemous beastes were knowen to bréede therein, it coulde not be a naturall part of Ireland. And contrarywise the Orchades are adiudged to be appendaunt to Irelande, because those Islandes,* 1.64 neyther bréede nor foster any venemous worme, as Hector Boethus aduoucheth. Giraldus Cam∣briense, writeth that he hearde certayne Mer∣chaunts affirme, that when they had vnladen theyr shippes in Irelande, they founde by hap some toades, vnder theyr balast. And they had no sooner cast them on the shore, then they would puffe and swell vnmeasurably, & short∣ly after turning vp theyr bellyes, they would burst in sunder. And not onely the earth & dust of Irelande, but also the verye thonges of I∣rishe leather, haue the same force and vertue.* 1.65 I haue sene it, saith Cambriēse, experimēted,

that a toade being encompassed with a thong of Irishe leather,* 1.66 and créepyng thitherward, endeuouring to haue skipt ouer it, sodenly re∣culed backe, as though it had bene rapte in the hed: wherupon it began to spraule to the other side. But at length perceiuyng that the thong did embay it of all partes, it began to thyrle, and as it were to dig the earth, where findyng an hole, it sluncke away in the pre∣sence of sondry persons.

It happened also in my tyme, sayeth Giral∣dus Cambriense,* 1.67 that in the North of Englād a knot of yoongkers tooke a nap in the fieldes. As one of them lay snorting with his mouth gaping, as though he would haue caught flies, it happened that a Snake or Adder slipt into his mouth, and glyded downe into his bellye, where herboring it selfe, it be ganne to roame vp and downe and to feede on the young man his entralles. The pacient being sore distrac∣ted and aboue measure tormented wyth the byting pangues of this gréedie guest, inees∣santly prayed to God, that if it stoode wyth his gracious will, eyther wholly to berieue him of his lyfe, or else of his vnspeakeable mercie to ease him of his payne. The worme woulde neuer cease from gnawing the pa∣cient his carkasse, but when he had taken his repast. And his meare was no sooner digested, then it woulde giue a freshe onset in boaring his guttes. Diuers remedies were sought, as medicines, pilgrimages to Sainctes: but all could not preuayle. Being at length schw∣led by the graue aduise of some sage and ex∣pert father, that willed him to make his spée∣die repayre to Ireland, would tract no time, but busked himselfe ouersea, and arriued in Irelande. He dyd not sooner drinke of the wa∣ter of that Islande, and taken of the victuals of Ireland, but forthwith he kilde the Snake, auoyded it downewarde, and so being lustye and liuely he returned into Englande. Thus farre Giraldus Cambriense. There be some, that mooue question,* 1.68 whither the want of ve∣nemous Woormes be to be imputed to the propertie of the soyle, or to be ascribed to the prayers of S. Patricke, who couerted that Islande. The greater parte father it on S. Patricke, especially such as wryte hys lyfe aswell a parte, as in the legende of Irishe Sainctes. Giraldus Cambriense disaffirmeth flatly that opinion, and taketh it to be a secret or hidden propertie naturally vnited to the soyle,* 1.69 from whome Polichronicon doth not swarne. For my part as I am wedded to nei∣ther of both the opinions, so I woulde haue béene easily perswaded being neyther hote nor colde in the matter, to rest as a luke∣warme Neuter in omitting the one and the other vnskande, were it not that one M. Alan Cope, as some other that masketh vnder hys visours, more sclaunderously then pithily had busied himselfe therin. Wherfore sith I may with better warrant defende my natiue coū∣trey, then he or his betters may reprooue it, especially, where his sclaunderous reportes are vnderpropt wyth flimme flamme sur∣mises: I purpose vnder M. Cope his correc∣tion to coape and buckle with hym herein, and before he beare the ball to the goase, to trippe him, if I may, in the way. And because (gentle Reader) I minde to make thée an in∣different vmpyre in this controuersie, for the better vnderstanding of the matter, I will laye downe M. Cope his wordes, in such wise as they are imprinted in his booke. First ther∣fore thou must vnderstande, that his booke is made in dialogue wise, a kinde of writing as vsed, so commended of the learned. In these dialogues Ireneus an English man and Cri∣tobulus a Germaine play the partes. Ireneus entreth into the stage; and in this wyse be∣ginneth.

Incipiā à S. Paulo•…•… nosti in Melita (quam ho∣die Maltam appellant) Paulum viperam à ma∣nu pendentem in ignem excussisse.* 1.70 In ea insu∣la Scorpiones, qui alibi sunt letales, Pauli, vt creditur, munere sunt innoxij.

Critobulus. Fortasse hoc habet a natura.

Iren. Falleris: nam infulani, vt Lucas refert, clamabant, delatum eo patricidā, cui cum mare pepercisset, irati dij serpentes, qui cum collerēt, immisissent: nec quicquam magis quàm prae∣sentem eius mortem expectabant. A qua cùm ille tantum abesset, vt nihil omninò damni aut doloris inde sentiret, in admirationem acti, di∣xerunt, eum longe supra hominem esse, & de∣um sub humana specte.

Crit. Sle est, vt dicis.

Iren. Caetera ita{que} audi: E specu, ad quem di∣uertisse dicitur, colliguntur lapides in tota fer∣me Europa salutates. Adhaec, quos nasci octauo Calendas Februarij contingit (qui dies conuer∣sionis elus memoriae dicatus est) quaecun{que} cos orbis pars in lucem proferat, non horrent nec formidant angues, imò quod magis est, sola sa∣liua horum morsibus medentur. Id quod ho∣mo doctissimus & diligentissimus Thomas Fazellus nuper prodidit, vsu ipso rerum,* 1.71 & certis, ni fallor, exemplis ab eo obseruatum.

Crit. Ista quidem digna sunt obseruatione: & iam recordor, melegisse ac saepius audisse, pre∣cibus beati Patricij Hiberniae apostoli, ei regio∣ni simile beneficium indultum, ne ea insula ali∣quid letale pariat. Dici fortassè inde à nonnul∣lis solet, nihil esse in Hibernia venenati prae∣ter ipsos homines, quod propter feros & agre∣stes corum mores dictum a plaeris{que} accipitur.

Iren. Eam regionem nihil pestiferum aut ve∣nenatum alere,* 1.72 tum ex multorum sermonibus, cum ex Beda intelligo: adeò vt terra illius re∣gionis exportata, pestifera ac venenata ani∣malia extinguat. V•…•…rùm id quicquid est, non Patricio, sed naturae regionis tribuo, propterea quòd longè ante Patricium natum cōstet,* 1.73 eam fuisse eius regionis dotem, quam non est diffi∣cilè alibi reperiri.

I will begin sayth Ireneus, with S. Paule. You know that in Melita (which at this day is called Malta) S. Paule flung into the fire a Viper that stucke or did cleaue to his hand. In that Islande, Scorpions which are else∣where deadly or venemous, are become tho∣row the gift of S. Paule (as it is supposed) harmelesse.

Tush, quoth Critobulus, that may be percase incident to the nature of the soyle.

Nay then, replyeth Ireneus, you are in a wrong bore. For the Islanders, as S. Luke mencioneth, showted, that a parentquellour was brought thither, and because he was not swalowed in the gulfes of the sea, the Gods beyng in their fustian fumes, sent serpentes to slay hym. And they looked for nothyng soo∣ner, then to sée hym euen at a twincklyng to perish. But whē they perceyued hym to be so far distant frō death, as that he susteyned no harme, ne felt any paine, the people therwith amazed, sayd, he far surpast mans estate, and that he was a God inuested in mā hys shape.

You haue reason, answereth Critobulus, you haue hit the nayle on the hed.

Yea, but I pray you, clip not my tale, sayth Ireneus, but take me with you. Stones are culled in the caue or denne, wherin S. Paul is sayd to haue bayted or soiorned, which stones in maner in all Europe are soueraigne me∣dicines to cure the bitynges and stinges of Scorpions and serpentes. Furthermore they that are borne the xxv. of Ianuary (which day is named the conuersion of S. Paul) in what part so euer of the world they are borne, they feare not or grudge not at snakes: Yea, that which is more to be admyred, the stinginges of poysoned wormes are healed by the very spittle of this Ianuary broode. Which thyng hath bene of late published by a well lettered man, Thomas Fazellus, to haue bene curious∣ly noted of hym as well by proofe and experi∣ence, as by sure and substantiall examples, if I take not the matter amisse. Thē commeth in Critobulus, whom M. Cope maketh, I will not say the vice or hickscorner, but the plea∣saunt conceited gentleman of hys enterlude, and fetcheth a long leape (for I am sure he could not iumpe so farre) from Malta to Ire∣land, and frameth hys tale in this sort.

By the fayth of my body sir, here is stuffe woorth the noting. And now I call to mynde, that I haue red and often heard, that the like benefite hath bene imparted to Ireland, tho∣rough the prayers of S. Patrike the Apostle of the sayd Island, that is to say, that Ireland bréedeth no venemous worme. And therupon percase some are accustomed to say, y^e there is no poysoned or venemous thing in Irelād, but onely the people, which is taken to haue bene sayd of most men for their brutishe and sauage maners.

To this sayth Ireneus. I am done to vnder∣stand by the report of diuers, & also by Bede, that no poysoned or venemous thing is bred in that realme, in so much, that the earth of y^e countrey being brought into other realms, killeth all venemous and poysoned wormes. But let the matter fall out which way it wil.

I ascribe that propertie not to S. Patricke,* 1.74 but to the nature of the soyle, because it hath bene knowen long before S. Patricke was borne, that Irelande was indued with that property, which is elsewhere easy to be foūd. Hitherto M. Cope.

In thys discourse (gentle Reader) thou séest that M. Cope handleth two principall points, the proprety of Malta and the nature of Ire∣lande in destroying venemous woormes, the one he ascribeth to y^e blessed Apostle s. Paule, the other he will not in any wyse impute to S. Patricke. Touching the first, as I haue no occasion to entermeddle therin, so I pur∣pose not, for the quarell I haue to the person, to disprooue hys opinion so farre as it stan∣deth with troth. Wherefore that God, that of his bountifull goodnesse gaue the grace to Moses, to turne Aaron his rod into a serpēt,* 1.75 to turne the riuer into bloude, and to worke diuers other effectes that are mencioned in the scripture. To a 1.76 Iosue, to stay the sonne, To b 1.77 Elias to raise y^e dead childe, to c 1.78 Peter to make the lame go, to heale d 1.79 Aeneas, to re∣uiue e 1.80 Tabytha, yea with his very f 1.81 shadow to cure the sicke, & the God that gaue to that Paule, of whome M. Cope speaketh, his gra∣cious gift to make the g 1.82 lame go, to h 1.83 quickē and rayse the deceased, and for his sake to i 1.84 salue his fellow passangers: it is not to be denyed, but that God woulde imparte his goodnesse to any region, euen the sooner that any of his blessed seruauntes woulde herbo∣rowe there. And as I doubt not, but Simon the Tanner his house was nothing y^e woorse, for lodging so happie a guest as Peter, so I am sure, Malta was far the better, for her∣bowring so blessed a traueyler or passenger as Paule. Which S. Luke letteth not to tell, declaring that all they, which were sicke in

the Island, flocked to Paule and were cured: and also that the pacient that was father to Publius, in whose house they were thrée daies very courteously intertayned, was by Saint Paule healed. Which cure aswell of that pa∣cient, as of the residue of the Islanders, dyd not onely extende to their bodies, but chiefly and especially to their soules, according to the opinion of the learned Diuines.* 1.85 For as our sauiour Iesus Christ was neuer thought to cure any one his bodie, but he woulde also heale his soule, so it must be thought of his A∣postles, in whose steppes both in lyfe and my∣racles they traced. And therefore the learned holde opinion, that S. Paule, being in Malta, expelled from diuers of their soules the olde Serpent, that deceyued our Progenitours, Adam & Eue.* 1.86 For which God is to be mag∣nified and glorified. Thus much I thought good here to ensert, as a clause not wholly swaruing from that we treate of, and also that I woulde be founde prest and readie, as farre as my simple skill stretcheth, to vnder∣pinne any opinion, that tendeth to the honor and glorie of God. Howbeit for so much as M. Cope hath so straightly dealt with Irelād, as wyth a countrey nothing appertayning to his matter, I trust he will pardon me, to be somewhat bolde with him, touching the hystorie of Malta, that as his negligence shal be in the one disshrowed, so his sclaunderous iudgemēt may be in the other reuersed. First therefore where he writeth, that the inhabi∣tantes of Malta clamabant, that is, cryed, or showted, it was not so. The Gréeke text run∣neth,* 1.87 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. Dicebant adinui∣cem, that is to say, they muttred one to ano∣ther. And S. Luke paraphraseth his meaning after. For when they perceyued, that the Vi∣per dyd not anoy Paule, then sayth S. Luke, Conuertentes se; dicebant, eum esse Deum. They turning one towardes the other, whis∣pered or mutterd, that Paule was a God. Nowe put the case they cryed,* 1.88 as M. Cope sayeth, is it lyke that Paule was so busie in making of a fire, or that his eares dyd wan∣der so far of, as that he could not heare them? And if he heard thē, thinke you that he would haue béene whist, in hearing God so far blas∣phemed, as that he woulde suffer himselfe to be deified? No truely. He woulde haue taken on,* 1.89 as he and Barnabas dyd at Lystris, whē the inhabitants named them Goddes, Bar∣nabas to be Iupiter, and Paule, for that he was well spoken, to be Mercurie. For when the Apostles hearde of their Idolatrie, ren∣ting their clothes, they rusht into the thrōge, crying and speaking, that they were mortall men. &c. In which place S. Luke putteth an expresse difference, as it were of set purpose, betwéene both the woordes, Clamantes & Di∣centes. M. Cope addeth further, Delarum eo paricidam, and yet the Gréeke hath 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. Omnino imterfector, or as the Vulgar text is, Vti{que} homicida est homo hic. So that they tooke him to be but a manquello•…•…r, yet M. Cope maketh hym a Paricide, which is woorse. For although euerye Paricide be a manquellour, yet è conuerso, euery manquel∣lour is not a Paricide.

M. Cope procéedeth further, Irati dij, serpē∣tes, qui eum tollerent im•…•…isissent. The Gods being angry sent serpents to dispatch Paule.

And yet forsooth, all these serpentes were but one Viper, as is plainely expres•…•… in the text, vnlesse M. Cope would teache S. Luke, to tell his tale after the finest fashiō, least the Apo∣stle should haue bene thought to haue •…•…toned.* 1.90 As the Parson that preached to his Parochi∣ans of the Gospell, wherin mention is made of them that Christ fed in the desert, or wil∣dernesse. O, quoth the Parson, what a Christ that was, that with fiue barly loaues, & fiue fishes fed fiue hundred persons. The clareke hearing his maister to grate ouerlōg on that point, for he dyd often iterate that sentence, stole vp to the pulpit, & plucking the person by his gowne, whispered in his eare y^e Christ fed fiue thousand. Holde thée contented thou foolishe fellow, qouth the Parson, if I shoulde tell mine hearers of so great a nūber, I shold but discredite the Gospeller, and they woulde not beléeue me. So it fadeth with M. Cope, be∣like he mistrusted, that if he had sayde, that one Viper coulde haue slayne Paule, the rea∣der woulde haue suspected the vntruth of the matter, bycause it caryeth great likelyhoode with it, that one man coulde withstande one Viper, and therefore to saue S. Luke hys credite, he increaseth the number by putting the plurall for the singular. Whereas there∣fore it standeth with M. Cope his pleasure,* 1.91 to florish in his rhetoricall figure, named, Veri∣tatis superlatio, in terming muttering, show∣ting, a manquellour, a paricide, one Viper, serpentes: he must be borne withall, if in the heate of his figure he steppe a little awrie in the remnaunt of his discourse. For thus he sayeth.

And therevppon it is reported perchase by some men, that there is nothing venemous or poysoned in Irelande, but the men and wo∣men. Which is taken to haue bene spoken by most men for their brutish and saluadge ma∣ners.

Here (good Reader) thou must vnder∣stande that M. Cope putteth the text downe & the glose, the text is, there is nothing in Ire∣lande venemous but the inhabitauntes. The

glose is, this is sayde to haue bene spoken for their brutish and sauage conditiōs. Now well harpt by S. Lanckfield. Here is a glose, I vndertake you, suteable to the text. But let vs sée, how cunningly M. Cope bequiteth him selfe. First he obserueth not decorū personae, secondly he followeth not decorum dialogi, thirdlye he sheweth herein little diuinitie. Touching the first point, who knoweth not, that these iapes and gybes are onely fitte for ruffians, vices, swashbucklers and to spottes. And truly they beset a diuine aswel, as for an Asse to twange chypassa on a harpe or gyt∣tarne, or for an Ape to friscke trenchemoore in a payre of buskins and a dubblet. The hea∣then misliked in an orature squirilitie,* 1.92 what shoulde be thought then of a diuine, whom S. Paule would haue to be sober, modest, graue and wise.* 1.93 Vnlesse M. Cope leaning to the let∣ter of S. Paule his wordes woulde beare vs in hande, that S. Paule would haue modestie to rest onely in byshops. We are commaun∣ded, in the olde and newe testament, to loue our neighbors as our selues. Which doth im∣ply, that we ought not to sclaunder our neigh∣bours. And shall a diuine then speake vncha∣ritably, not onely of one, but of an whole roy∣alme, and not only speake but also write, yea and that in the language that is vniuersally spoken, through out the greater part of the worlde, vpon no sure ground, but onely vpon hearesay weighing not what y^e Prophet wri∣teth,* 1.94 perdes omnes qui loquuntur mendaciū, thou shalt destroye all them that speake vn∣truthes. And were it that any such flimme slamme flirtes were soothed by any personne of credite, yet, as me séemeth, it would stand more with the grauitie of a diuine, that such childishe quippes, & scornefull tauntes should sooner by his meanes charitably bée whisted, thē through his procuremēt carpingly publi∣shed.* 1.95 I will stand no longer on this point, but onelye craue M. Cope to resort to the fift of Mathew, and there peruse Christ his verdict, touching sclaunderous tongues. To come to the seconde parte, in which he obserueth not decorum dialogi, thou shalt vnderstand (good Reader) that Critabulus, or Critobulus, whom M. Cope maketh his bagpipe to belche out his rancour, is a Germaine borne, as M. Cope saith, who semeth to be Critobulus his godfa∣ther. Now let any one, that is acquainted w^t the maners of Germaines, iudge, if it be de∣cent, that one of thē shoulde scoffe & scorne the conditions and fashions of other countries. I wil not speake by heare say, as M. Cope doth, but by eyesight. I coul neuer espye nor pro∣bably haue I hearde it reported no not of the méere sauage Irish, such quaffing, such swil∣ing, such bowling, such gulling, such brutish or drunckennesse, such surfeyting, such vomi∣ting as I haue séene some Germaines doe. In good sooth it is knowen, and for my part I haue séene it being beyonde the seas,* 1.96 that in their carowsing & cup friendship, they threa∣ten such kindnesse on their companions, that least their felowes should mistrust them with double dealing, they will not sticke to shewe them the botome of their stomackes, & to the ende they should take the better view therof, they will place it now & then in their neigh∣bours bosome.

Thus whē they haue cast their gorges, they clap on theyr thrumde hats, and runne lyke bedlem barretors into the stréetes with their naked flatchets, and there they kéepe such a stinkyng sturre with hackyng of stones, with hewyng of blockes, with thwitting of stocks, with strikyng of stalles, with thumpyng at dores, that it would make a horse breake hys halter, to sée so dronken a pageant. In fiue, this qualitie is so naturally engrassed in the greater part of them, that a famous deuine did not sticke of late to say openly in his Lec∣ture that dronkennes in that countrey men, was eyther peccatum originale, or accidens inseparabile. I write not this, I take God to record, to the reproch or slaunder of that coū∣trey (beyng lothe to commit the selfe same fault that I reprehend in any other,) but on∣ly my meanyng is to settle before the Rea∣der his eyes the absurditie of M. Cope, in fra∣myng poore Critabolus to flout Ireland, con∣sideryng that if he cast his eye homeward, he shall finde as filthy puddle in his owne coun∣trey, as in other realmes. And therfore thys quippe sate as vnséemely in his mouth, as for an whoore to reprehend bitchery, or for an V∣surer to condemne Simonie. For as there is nothyng lesse to be tollerated, thē for any one to haue an other to accompt for his lyfe, that can yéelde no accompt of his owne: so there is nothyng that ought to moozell vp any one from rebuking other nations, then to sée the misdemeanor of hys owne natiue country. I would wishe M. Critabolus or M. Cope, if it shall please him to make vp the muster, with indifferency to weigh the estate of Ireland, and so without parciality to frame his iudge∣ment. Ireland,* 1.97 and especially the ruder part is not stored with such learned men as Ger∣many is. If they had sounde preachers, & sin∣cere liuers, that by the embawming of theyr carian soules with the swéete and sacred flo∣wers of holy writ, would enstruct them in the feare of God, in obeying their prince, in ob∣seruyng the lawes, in vnderproppyng in eche man his vocation te weale publike. I doubt

not, but with•…•… two or thrée 〈◊〉〈◊〉 •…•…s M. Critabu∣lus his heyres would heare so good a reporte •…•…t of the reformatiō of Ireland, as it would be reckoned as •…•…uill as tho•…•… part of Ger∣many. Let the soyle be as fe•…•…le and betle a•…•… any would 〈◊〉〈◊〉, yet if the husband man wyll not manure it, some tyme p•…•…gh and care it, sometyme •…•…w it, sometime tyll it, some∣tyme marle it, sometyme 〈◊〉〈◊〉 it, sometyme •…•…ig it, and •…•…e it with good and sound corne, it will bry•…•…g forth•…•…, by 〈◊〉〈◊〉 corne, co•…•…∣•…•…le, darne•…•…, Ma•…•…bles, bryo•…•…s, and s•…•…dry•…•… wylde shootes. So it fareth with the rude in∣habitantes of I•…•…ande, they s•…•…cke Vniuersi∣ties, they want first into 〈◊〉〈◊〉 they are des•…•…it 〈◊〉〈◊〉 of teachers it •…•…ey are without p•…•…eachers, they are deuoyde of all such necessaries as appera∣tayne to the trayning vp of youth, and not∣withstandyng all these wantes, if any would be so frowardly set, as to require them, to vse such ciuilitie, as other regions, that are suffi∣ciently furnished with the lyke helpes, he might be accounted as vnreasonable, as he that would force a cripple that lacketh both his legs to runne, or one to pipe or whistle a galliard that wanteth hys vpper lippe. But such is the corrupt nature of vs worldlings, and me thinketh such vayne humors are not vtterly dryed vp in our sage & mortyfied di∣uines, we are most commonly giuen rather to taunt that which is amisse, then to prayse that which is good, and rather we followe the spider in soakyng the poyson, then in im•…•…a∣tyng the Bée by sucking the hony. Now that it appeareth, that it was not sittyng for the author beyng a deuine, to write so vncharita∣bly, nor for M. Critabulus beyng a Germain, to carpe other countreys so snappishly: let vs sée, what wholesome diuinity hath bene here vttered, and how well the sinewes of M. Cri∣tabulus his argument shall be found to hang togither, when the Anatomy therof by péece∣meable shall be examined.

I call to mynd, {quod} M. Critabulus, that I haue read & often heard that the like benefite hath bene graūted to Irelād through the prayers of s. Patrike.

M. Critabulus hath read & heard, that by the prayers of S. Patricke, Ireland hath no venemous worme: ergo some holde opinion, that the poyson resteth onely in the people.

Truly this argument hangeth togyther by very straunge gymbols. And I dare say, M. Cope neuer learned this kynde of reasonyng in the famous colledge of Magdalene in Ox∣ford, what so euer M. Critabulus did in Ger∣many. But let vs put the Logique apart, and scan the singular poynt of diuinitie. I woulde gladly learne in what part of scripture, or in what 〈◊〉〈◊〉 father M. Critabulus reade of he•…•… 〈◊〉〈◊〉 wherof hys learning hath, bene, 〈◊〉〈◊〉 •…•…erneth, purchased by her •…•…say•…•… that any hi•…•… •…•…y pre•…•…a•…•…, that came of 〈◊〉〈◊〉 charity, to c•…•…∣•…•…rt a countrey from night touche, 〈◊〉〈◊〉 reade∣nesse to knowledge, from last w•…•…tie to Chri∣stianitie, 〈…〉〈…〉 •…•…o vice •…•…o born•…•… 〈◊〉〈◊〉 the deuill to God, (which doth implye an especiall z••••••e too s•…•…yng their faults) 〈◊〉〈◊〉 purge the •…•…yle of all 〈◊〉〈◊〉 wor•…•…, and loa•…•…e the •…•…le, tha•…•…h•…•… & more 〈◊〉〈◊〉 to be w•…•…e•…•…, wholy enfo•…•… 〈◊〉〈◊〉 the co•…•…gion of died & s•…•…. Wherby ensueth that th•…•… place whe•…•…∣ter then the inhabitaunts, and so •…•…seq•…•…t•…•…∣ly the saying of the •…•…ach•…•… 〈◊〉〈◊〉 be •…•…a•…•…∣fi•…•…d. Non proptes locum g•…•…h,* 1.98 •…•…od pr•…•…∣geneem, locu•…•… elog•…•…. God did not choose the people for that place, but hee elected the place in respect of the people.* 1.99 Our sauiour Ie∣sus Christ dispossessing the pacient of the •…•…e∣gion of deuils, permitted them do enter •…•…t•…•… an heird of hogges. Critabultis woulde haue Chri•…•… s•…•…ite•…•… do this c•…•…ady, to dispossesse the •…•…s, and to leaue the men possessed with deuils. For so he reporteth s. Patrike to haue none, by riddyng the bande of all poysoned wormes, and leauyng the rancour to lurke is the people. Tr•…•…ly if the matter •…•…ode so farre one of ioynt, I doubt not, but the Islanders mought haue come as lawfully to hym, as the Gerasones came ingratefully to Christ,* 1.100 requiring hym to depart their country. For such a scoffing prelate, hys tow•…•…e had bene better thē his company, •…•…th his abode would tende rather to the peruerting, then the con∣uertyng of their Island.

Hitherto thou hast heard (gentle Reader) how gallauntly Critabulus hath played hys parte, now shall I desire thée to viewe, how sagely Ireneus claspeth vp all the whole con∣trouersie. He saith it is the nature of the solle, not to bréede any venemous worme, and that was incident thereto, before s. Patrike was borne. How prooue you that sir. Pleaseth you to skew your eye towardes the margent, and there shall you finde the 35. chapiter of Soli∣nus solemnly quoted. Touchyng this matter, there is nothyng in Solinus but this. •…•…lic. au•…•…∣guis nullus, a•…•…s•…•… rara. In Ireland is no snake, and seldome a byrde, and yet byrdes are as commonly there as in any other countrey. But I would gladly vnderstand how this au∣thoritie of Solinus furthereth M. Ireneus hys opinion. Ireland bred no snake before s. Pa∣trick was borne: ergo, it engēdered no •…•…oade, no Adder, no Frogge, nor any other virusent worme. As if a man would reason thus. Be∣fore s. Patricke his tyme there was no horse∣myll in Ireland: ergo, before his tyme there

was no myllhorse. Certers h•…•…th•…•… woulde winde vp his conclusion so fondly might be thought, to haue asmuch witte, as a rossed horse. This autoritie of Solinus is so farre from vpholding Ireneus his assertion, as that it plainely seemeth to quite ouerthrow it, and as it were in his owne turne, it giuenth him a fail.

For the cause why S. Patricke was mo∣ued, to expell all the venemous: woormes out of Irelande, might probably haue béene con∣iectured, to haue proceeded of this, y^t he per∣cry•…•…ing, the lande to bréede no Suakes, ther∣of was occasioned, for the furthering of Chri∣stian fayth, to expell other hinde of warmes, that lurcked there before his comming, as Toades, Adders, Blindwoormes, Frogs, &c. Here perchase M. Cope may blenche me,* 1.101 in replying that Anguis may be confirmed ge∣nerally for all kynde of Vermine, and so I might be taken tardie in buylding my dis∣course vpon a misconstruction.

* 1.102In good sooth to omitte what straunge and absurde signification Anguis should beare, by notifiyng a poysoned spider and such lyke, and, in mine opinion, further from the the pur∣pose, thē the father that diswading his sonne from playing on Sunday fortified his reason with the olde sayde saw, non est bonuin •…•…∣dere cum sanctis, it is not good, quoth hei, to play on Sondayes or holy dayes, is it, thinke you, fellonie or treason, to bring the credit of Solinus in question, for mistaking Anguis as∣well as Auis. For as he was grosly deceyued in the one, in writing, that birdes were rare in Ireland, so might he haue strayed as like∣ly in the other, by disburdening Irelande of all venemous woormes, bycause the Islande wanted in his time but one or two kindes, as a Snake and a Toade. Where a man buyl∣deth vpon euerye twatling and pratling ru∣mour, and his eye is not his iudge, he may be sure,* 1.103 that such flying tales will catche many feathers before they come at him, that is as farre distaunt from their nestes, as Solinus was frō Ireland, when he wrote his pamph∣let. The proofe whereof as it is dayly tryed, so not many yeres past hath ben very pretily veryfied. There was a gentleman of mine acquaintance that mette his enemie in the fieldes, where they both vpon a trysling qua∣rell fought so friendly as they had more neede to haue béene grapled togither with cables, then parted by indifferent sticklers. Howbe∣it bycause the gentleman was neuer before flesht, and yet nothing at al that day, for eche of their blowes dyd commonly light on the medowe, where they fought, a friende of hys reported well of him to an other, saying, that he was lyke in •…•…me to pro•…•… a proper 〈◊〉〈◊〉 of hys handes, for the well handeling of hys weapon in his late combate. Wherevppon soone after the other doubling the gentleman his prayse, gaue notice to another, that such a gentleman, naming him, fought valiauntly such a day, in such a place. Immediately vpon this is a shyre•…•…e two of it w•…•… noysed that the partie praysed, fought with two at once: in such a place, naming the medowe. 〈◊〉〈◊〉 length it was bruted, that he fought solice se∣uerall daies, and I am well, assured that wake the first fray that euer he made, & I thinked it will be the last, vnlesse he be forced mangre him heart, to the contrarie. Not long lafter, it happened that a gentlman and I traueyled abroade the countrey of set purpose to disport our selues, and so to returne a freshe to our brokes, where entering in communication with a blunt countrey lobbe (yet such an one an tooke his halfe peny to be good syluer) that knew the foresaid champion. My companion and I made wyse, as though we were not ac∣quainted wyth him, or euer heard of the com∣bate, now in good fayth gentlemen, quoth he you would d•…•…e very well to enter in acquain∣taunce with him, for ouer this,* 1.104 that he is a gentleman aboundantly endued wyth singu∣lar good qualities, he is become of late so va∣liant a cuttex, as he maketh blading his day∣lye breakfast. By S. Mary, quoth my com∣panion that is very colde roste, & if his break∣fastes be no better then a péece of colde Iron, A little weigh, howe seldome I take a repast in his companie at any such ordinarie. Nay my meaning is, quoth the other, that he vseth to fight freshe and fasting euery morning, in so much y^t of late, I dare byde by it, he fought eyght dayes in one weeke. At which wordes I for my part coulde not refrayne frō laugh∣ing, séeing how demurely the fellow kept his countenanunce, & how that he spake bona fide. Wherevpon I shaped him an aunswere, and sayde, that I neuer hearde of any that fought eyght dayes in one weake, but onely in olde tyme, when fiue quarters made vp the yeare. The fellow perceyuing, that he ouershot him∣selfe, replyed: Sir, you take me very shorte, as long and as very a lowbie as you imagine to make me: my meaning is, that he fought eyght seuerall tymes in one wéeke. Eyght tymes? quoth my companion, then belike he fought once aboue commons. For you tolde vs right now, that he made his fray his mor∣ning breakefast, and whereas there are but seuen dayes in the wéeke, and he fought, as you reporte, eygth times; and you know, that eyght maketh one aboue seuen, & seuen ma∣keth sixe & one vnder eight, eyther you must

confesse that he fought out his breakfast, din∣ner, beuer or supper, or else you must graunt, that there be eyght dayes in one weake, or at the least two droakefastes in one day, & that, I am sure, you will confesse to be as great an obsurdity, as y^e other. Nay, quoth the clowne, and you intrap me with such sophestrie, you shall dine, supp•…•… and breake your fast alone for me, and there withall departed. Wherby may be gathered, that if he had béene soothed vp, and his tongue let to run at libertie vn∣controulde, like a howse that runneth in a smooth allye without any 〈◊〉〈◊〉, he would haue brougth him 〈◊〉〈◊〉 to that day, as he would not sticke to say, that his friende had fought eight dayes in one h•…•…. Wherefore as this pud∣ding his pricke grewe at •…•…nga•…•… by reporte to an huge poste, so the want of one venemous woorms in Ireland, being bruced in for rame royalanes, might haue béene so thwytted and mangled in the caryage before it came to Solinus his eares, as he might haue béene enformed, that the countrey was deouyde of all venemous Woormes, where as in deéde there lacke•…•… but one kinde.

Lyke as God of his iustice punisheth a coū∣trey, that is harde hearted, with •…•…atwarde woormes, so of his mercie, the yare remoued from a royalme, that is plya•…•…, to followe his lawes and preceptes. As when Pharao woulde not lissen to God his threates be•…•…oū∣ced hym by the preaching of God, Moses and Aaron,* 1.105 Egypt was punished with froggles & diuers kinde of flyes, as is exprest at full in holy writte, and agayne vpō Pharao his sey∣ned promises (the secretes of whose hollowe heart God perfectly knewe) at the instraunce of Moses, these plagues were appeased, & the vermine quite extinguished, so, I pray you, is it so absurde a position to helde, that Saint Patricke finding the Irish priest to embrace the Gospell, as he dyd in very déede, might stande so higly in God his fauor, as through hir earnest peticion made to God, the poyso∣ned woormes shoulde be abandoned? This is not so rare a thing vppon the implanting of Christian fayth in any region, but rather a propertie incidēt thereto, according to Christ his promise.* 1.106 Signa autem eos, qui crediderint, haec sequentur, In nomine meo daemonia eij∣cient: linguis loquentur nouis: Serpentes tol∣lent: & si mortiferum quid biberint, non eis nocebit: super aegros manus imponēt, & bene habebunt. And these token shal follow them the beléeue, In my Name shall they cast out Deuils, they shall speake with new tongues: they shall dryue awaye Serpentes, and if they drinke any deadly thing, if shal not hurt them: they shall lay handes on the sicke, and they shall be cured. Wherefore, sith it is so euidētly warranted by Scripture, that in the name of Iesus, Serpentes may be driuen away, if Irelande be found through any such meanes to be deuoyde of poysoned woormes, we are ascribe the glory hereof to God, ac∣cording to the saying of the Prophete, A do∣minio factum est istud,* 1.107 & est mirabile in oculis nostris, That hath béene done by God, and it séemeth woonderfull in our eyes.

Thus farre (gentle Reader) enchroching vpon thy pacience I haue employed my tra∣uaile in defending my natiue countrey, a∣gainst such as labour to distayne it with their sclaunderous scoffes. Touching the prici∣pall question, whether S. Patricke dyd expell poysoned Woormes out of Irelande, or whe∣ther it be the nature of the soyle, as I sayd in the entrie of this discourse, so I saye agayne, that I weigh not two chippes, which way the winde bloweth, bycause I sée no incōuenience that may insue either of the affirmatiue or negatiue opinion. And therefore if M. Cope had dealt as modestly as Cambriense, the auc∣tour of Polichronicon, or others, that stoode to the denyall, haue done, he shoulde haue gone •…•…trée with his complices, and haue made in Mounterbanckwyse the most he coulde of his wares. But for that he woulde néedes sée further in a milstone, then others, & not onely solenberly disprooue the tryniall opinion, but scornefullye sclaunder an whole royalme, wherein he shall finde his superiours in ho∣nour, his betters in parentage, his Péeres in learning, his mates in wisedom, his equalles in courtesie, his matches in honestie: I must craue him, to beare it paciently, if, by crying him quittaunce, I serued him with a dishe of his owne cookerie. And if for this my straight dealing wyth him (whereto I was the sooner led, for that as it is courtesie to mollifie wilde speaches with milde aunsweres, so I recken it for good pollicie nowe and then to cleane knurd knobbles with crabbled wedges) he wil séeme to take pepper in the nose, for any re∣compence he is like to haue at mine handes, he may wype his nose in his sléeue. And if it shall stande with his pleasure, to reply either in Englishe, or in Latine (the occasiō of which is rather of him growen then by me giuen) he shall finde me willing, if God spare me health, to reioyne with him in so good a qua∣rell, eyther in the one language or the other, and when both tales are hearde, I beshrowe him, for any part, that shall be driuen to the wall.

Cambriense reporteth of hys owne know∣ledge,* 1.108 and I heare it auowed by credible per∣sons, that Bernacles thousandes at once are

noted along the shores in Ireland to hang by the beakes, about the edges of putrified tym∣ber, as ships, oares, mastes, anckerholdes, & suche lyke, which in processe takyng liuely heate of the sunne, become waterfoules, and at their tyme of ripenesse eyther fall into the sea, or flye abroad into the ayre The same do neuer couple in y^e act of generatiō, but are frō time to tyme multiplied, as before is exprest.

* 1.109Aeneas Syluius writeth hymselfe to haue pursued the like experiment in Scotlande, where he learned the truth hereof to be found in the Islandes Orchades. Giraldus Cambri∣ense gathereth hereof a pretye conclusion a∣gainst the Iewes in this wyse.

Respice infoelix Iudaee, respice, vel serò, pri∣mam

hominis generationem ex limo sine mare & foemina: Secundamque ex mare sine foemina, ob legis venerationem, diffiteri non audes: Tertiam solam ex mare scilicet & foe∣mina, quia vsualis est, dura ceruice approbas & affirmas. Quartam veró, in quâ sola salus est ex foemina scilicet sine mare obstinata malitia in propriam perniciem detestaris. Erubesce mi∣ser, erubesce, & saltem ad naturam recurte, qua•…•… ad argumenta fidei, ad instructionem nostram noua quotidie animalia sine omni mare vel foemina procreat & producit. Prima ergo ge∣neratio ex limo, & haec vltima ex ligno, Ill•…•… quidem quoniam à domino naturae tantum semel, ideo semper obstupenda processit. Istam verò non minus admirabilem, minus tamen ad∣mirandam (quia saepe fit) imitatrix natura ad∣ministrat. Sic enim composita est humana na∣tura, vt nihil, preter inusitatum & rarò contin∣gens vel preciosum ducat vel admirandū. Solis ortum & occasum, quo nihil in mundo pul∣chrius, nihil stupore dignius, quia quotidie vi∣demus, sine omni admiratione praeterimus. E∣clipsin verò solis, quia rarius accidit, totus or∣bis obstupescit. Ad idem etiam facere videtur, flatu solo, & occulta quadam inspiratione citra omnem mixturam apum ex fauo procreatio.

Marke thou wretched Iew, sayth Cambri∣ense, marke yet at length, the first creation of man (that is of Adam) of earth without male or female. As for the seconde, of a man with∣out a woman (that is to saye Eue) for that thou hast the olde law in reuerence, thou da∣rest not deny. As for the third, both of man and woman, because it is daily vsed as stiffe∣neckt as thou art, thou doest acknowledge and confesse. But the fourth procreation, in which consisteth our onely iustification (he meaneth the incarnation of Christ) of a wo∣man without man, with sturdy and obstinate rancor to thine vtter destruction thou doest detest. Blush therfore thou vnhappy Iew, be ashamed of this thy folly, and at the lest wyse haue recourse to nature, and settle hir works before thine eyes, that for the encrease of fayth, & to the lessonyng of vs, daily breedeth and engendreth new liuing creatures, with∣out y^e coupling of mascle of female. Adā was created of earth, the Bernacles are engende∣red of wood, because Adam was once created by him, who is Lord of nature, therfore it is continually admired. But for that dame na∣ture the counterfaytresse of y^t celestial work∣man, estsoones bréedeth Bernacles, therefore theyr broode is accompted more maruellous, then to be marueiled, more wonderfull then woondered. For such is the f•…•…myng of man his nature, as he déemeth nothing precious or woonderfull, but such thinges as seldome happen. What may be thought more beauti∣full then the course of the sunne? And yet be∣cause we sée it daily rise and set, we let it o∣uerslip vs, as an vsuall custome, without any staring or gazyng. Yet we are amazed and a∣stonied at the Eclipse, because it happeneth very seldome.* 1.110

The Bées that are engendred of the hony combe onely by a pusse or secrete breathing, without any coupling, seme to vp∣hold this procreation of Bernacles, Hitherto Cambriense, with whome concerning the en∣gendryng of Bées,* 1.111 Iohannes de sancto Gemi∣niano accordeth.

The inhabitantes of Ireland are accusto∣med to mooue question, whether Bernacles be fishe or fleshe, and as yet they are not fully resolued, but most vsually the religious of strictest abstinence doe eate thē on fish dayes. Giraldus Cambriēse, and after him Polichro∣nicon, suppose, that the Irishe cleargy in this poynt stray. For they hold of certaintie, that Bernacles are fleshe. And if a man say they had eaten a collop of Adam his leg, he had ea∣ten flesh. And yet Adam was not engendred of mascle or female, but only created of clay, as the Bernacles of wood and rotten timber. But the Irishe clergy did not so farre straye in their opinion, as Cambriense and Polichro∣nicon, in their disproofe. For the framing of Adam and Eue was supernatural,* 1.112 only done by God, and not by the helpe of Aungels, or any other creature. For like as it surpasseth natures course to raise the dead, to lighten or ensight the blynd, so it stoode not with the vsu∣all and common linage of nature, but onely with the supereminent power of God, to frame a man of clay, & a woman of a mans rib. But the engendring of Bernacles is na∣turall, and not so woonderfull as Cambriense maketh it. And therfore the examples are not lyke. Now it should séeme that in Cambriense his tyme, the Irishe clergy builded their rea∣son vpō thys plot. What so euer is flesh, is na∣turally

begotten or engendred of flesh. Ber∣nacles are not naturally engendred of fleshe, but onely of tymber and woode, Bernacles therfore are not flesh, vnlesse you would haue them to be wooden flesh. And if the reason be so knit, it may not be disioincted by Cambri∣ense his example. As if a man should argue thus. She that is begotten of any man, must be of force daughter to that mā.* 1.113 Melcha was begotten of Aran: ergo, Melcha was Arans daughter. This argument is of all partes so fortified, as it séemeth of all sides to be em∣pregnable. Yet a busie brayne Sophister ca∣uilling on the terme (begottē) might say, that Eue was begotten of Adam, and yet she is not Adams daughter.* 1.114 True it is that Adam was not Eues father, no more thē Eue was Adames mother, neither by that engendring was there any degrée of consanguinitie sprōg betwene them. But because, the word (begot∣ten) is taken in the argument for the naturall engendring of man and woman, the instance giuē of Eue doth not disprooue the maior. And for the better vnderstandyng of the question; it is to be noted that the philosophers distin∣guish animalia sensitiua,* 1.115 that is, sēsible liuing thinges, into two sortes, perfect and imper∣fect. The perfect are they that are engendred of seede, the vnperfect without séede. Those that are naturally engendred with séede, can neuer be naturally engendred without séede. Albeit Auicenna very erroniously holdeth y^e contrary. As for example. Because man is naturally engendred of man and woman, no man may naturally be engendred without the copulation of man and womā: yet super∣naturally it may be.* 1.116 As Adam was made without man and woman: Eue framed with out woman: Our Sauiour Christ begotten without man. And therfore the Deuill could not haue attainted hym of originall sinne. Contrarywise, the vnperfect may be engen∣dred without séede by myre, mudde, dung, ca∣rien,* 1.117 rotten timber or any other thyng, and chiefly by the secret influence and instillation of the celestiall planets, as the sunne and shots other. As if you put the heire of an horse taile, in mire, puddle, or in a dunghill for a certaine space, it will turne to a little then spraulyng worme, which I haue often seene and experi∣mented. And they are termed vnperfect, not in respect of their own nature, in which they are perfect, but in comparison of other sorte of liuyng thinges. Amonge this crew must Bernacles be setled. But here some will say: let them be perfect or vnperfect. What then? I would fayne knowe, whether Cambriense be in an errour, or the Irishe cleargy. For hi∣therto I sée nothyng, but Cambriense his rea∣son disproued. And it is often séene that a sound opinion may be weakened by a féeble reason, as we sée many fayre garmentes marde in the makyng. It is true: And if any be desirous, to know my mynd herein, I sup∣pose, according to my simple iudgement,* 1.118 vn∣der the correction of both parties, that y^e Ber∣nacle is neither fishe nor fleshe, but rather a meane betwene both. As put the case it were enacted by parliament, that it wer high trea∣son, to eate flesh on Friday, and fish on Son∣day. Truely I think that he that cateth Ber∣nacles both these dayes, should not be within the compasse of the estatute: yet I would not wish my frend, to hazard it, least the Berna∣cle should be found in law fishe or fleshe, yen and perhaps fishe and flesh. As when the Ly∣on, king of beastes made proclamation, that all horned beastes should auoyde his courte, one beast hauing but a bunche of fleshe in hys forehead, departed with the reas•…•…, least it had bene founde in law that his bunche were an horne. But some wyll peraduenture mer∣uaile, that there should be any liuyng thyng, that were not fishe nor fleshe. But they haue no such cause at all. Neates, fleshe wormes, bées, butterflies, caterpillers, snailes, grasse∣hoppers, béetels, earewicks, reremise, frogs wades, addors, snakes, and such other, are li∣uyng thinges, and yet they are neither fishe, nor flesh, nor yet red hering. As they that are trayned in scholasticall poyntes may easily iudge. And so I thinke, that if any were so sharpe set (the estatute, aboue rehersed, pre∣supposed) as to eate fryed flies, butterd bées, stued snailes, either on Friday or sonday, he could not be therefore endited of hau•…•…e trea∣son, albeit I would not be his guest, vnlesse I toke his table to be furnish•…•… with more whol∣some and sleopus diaund.* 1.119 The like question may be mooued of the sell, and if it were well canuassed, it would be found at the least wyse a moote case. But thus farre of Bernacles.

Irelande is stored of Cowes, of excellent horses; of hawkes, of fishe and of foule. They are not without woolues and grayhoundes to h•…•…ue them, bigger of bone and limme then a colt. Their cowes, as also y^e rest of their cat∣taile, and commonly what •…•…e so euer the countrey engendr•…•…th (except man) is muche lesse in quantitie then those of England, or of other realms. Shéepe few,* 1.120 and those bearing course fléeses, whereof they spin notable rug. Their shéepe haue short & cu•…•…t tailes. They shéere their shéepe twise yearely, & if they be left vnshorn, they are therwith rather pained then otherwise. The countrey is very fruite∣full both of corne and grasse. The grasse (for default of good husbandry) suffered vncutte,

groweth so rancke in the north partes, that oftentymes it rotteth theyr cattell.* 1.121 Egles are well known to bréede in Ireland, but neither so big,* 1.122 nor so many as bookes tell. The horses are of pace easie, in running wonderful swift in gallop both false and full indifferent. The nagge or the hackney is very good for trauei∣ling,* 1.123 albeit others report the contrary. And if he be broken accordingly, you shall haue a li∣tle titte, that will traueyle a whole day with∣out any bayt.* 1.124 Their horses of seruice are cal∣led chiefe horses, being well broken, they are of an excellent courage. They reyne passing∣ly, and champe vppon their bridles brauely, commonly they amble not, but galloppe, and run. And these horses are but for skirmishes, not for traueilyng, for their stomackes are such, as they disdaine to be hacknied. There∣of the report grew, that the Irish hobby wyll not hold out in traueilyng.* 1.125 You shall haue of the third sort, a bastarde or mongrell hobby, néere as tall as the horse of seruice, strong in traueilyng, easie in amblyng, and very swift in running. Of the horse of seruice they make great store, as wherin, at tymes of nede, they repose a great péece of safetie.* 1.126 This broode Volaterane writeth to haue come from Astu∣rea, the country of Hispayne, betwene Galli∣cia and Portugall, wherof they were named Asturcones, a name now properly applied to the Hispanish Genet.

The names of the ciuities, borroughes and hauen townes in Irelande. Cap. 3.

* 1.127DVblin, the beautie and eye of Irelande, hath béene named by Prolomie, in aun∣cient time, Eblana. Some terme it Dublina, others Dublinia, many write it Dublinum, auctours of better skill name it Dublinium. The Irish call it, Ballée er Cleagh, that is, a towne planted vpon hurdelles. For the com∣mon opinion is, that the plotte, vppon which, the ciuitie is buylded, hath béene a marishe ground, & for that by the arte or inuention of the first founder, the water could not be voy∣ded, he was forced to fasten the quakemyre with hurdles, and vpon them to buylde the ci∣tie. I heard of some that came of buildyng of houses to this foundation: and other holde o∣pinion that if a carte or wayne runne wyth a round and maine pace, through a stréete cal∣led the high stréete, the houses on eche side shal be perceyued to shake. This Citye was builded,* 1.128 or rather the buildings therof enlar∣ged, about the yeare of our Lord .155. For a∣bout this tyme there arriued in Ireland thrée noble Easterlings that were brethren, Auel∣lanus, Sitaracus, and Yuorus.* 1.129 Auellanus beyng the eldest brother, builded Dublin, Sitaracus Waterforde, and Yuorus Limmerick. Of the founder Auellanus,* 1.130 Dublin was named Auel∣lana, and after by corruption of speache Ebla∣na. This Citie, as it is not in antiquitie in∣feriour to any citie in Irelande, so in plea∣saunt situation, in gorgeous buildings, in the multitude of people, in martiall chiualrie, in obedience and loyaltie, in the aboundaunce of wealth, in largenes of hospitalitie, in maners and ciuilitie it is superiour to all other Cy∣ties and townes in that realme.* 1.131 And therfore it is commonly called the Irishe or yong Lō∣don. The seate of this citie is of all sides pleasant, comfortable, and wholsome. If you would trauerse hils, they are not farre of. If champion ground it lyeth of all partes, if you be delited with freshwater, the famous riuer called the Liffie, named of Ptolome Lybni∣um,* 1.132 runneth fast by. If you wil take the view of the sea, it is at hande. The onely faulte of thys Citie is, that it is lesse frequented of merchant estrangers, because of the bare ha∣uen. Their charter is large, King Henry the fourth gaue this Citie the sworde,* 1.133 in the yere of our Kord 1409. and was ruled by a Mayor and two Bailifs, which were chaunged into Shirifs by a charter graunted by Edwarde the sixte, in the yeare of our Lorde 1547. In which yeare Iohn Ryan and Robert Ians, two worshipfull gentlemen, were colleages in that office, and therof they are named the last Bailifs and first Shirifes, that haue bene in Dublin. It appeareth by the aunciēt seale of thys Citie, called Signum praepositurae,* 1.134 that this Citie haue béene in olde tyme go∣uerned by a Prouost.

The Hospitalitie of the Mayor and the Shyriffes, for the yeare being is so large and bountifull, that soothly, London forepriced, a very few such Officers vnder the crowne of Englande kéepe so great a porte, none, I am sure, greater. The Mayor, ouer the number of Officers, that take their daily repast at his table, kéepeth, for his yeare, in māner, open house. And albeit in tearme time his house is frequented aswell of the Nobilitie as of other Potentates of great calling, yet his ordina∣rie is so good, that a very few set feastes are prouided for them. They that spende least in their Mayoraltie (as those of credite, yea and such as bare the office haue informed me) make an ordinary accōpt of 5. hundred poūds for their viaunde & dyet that yeare. Which is no small somme to be bestowed in housekée∣ping, namelye where victualles are so good cheape, and the presentes of friendes diuers and sundry.

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And not onely their officers so farre ex∣cell in hospitalitie,* 1.135 but also the greater parte of the ciuitie is generally addicted to such or∣dinarie and standing houses, as it woulde make a man muse, which way they are able, to beare it out, but onely by the goodnesse of God, which is the Vpholder and Furtherer of hospitalitie.

What shoulde I here speake of the•…•… chari∣table alemoyse, dayly and hourely extended to the néedie? The poore prisoners both of the Newgate and the Castle, with three or foure hospitalles, are chiefly, if not onely, reléeued by the citizēs. Furthermore there are so ma∣ny other extraordinarie beggers, that dayly swarme there, so charitablye succoured; as that they make the whole citie in effect theyr hospitall. The great expenses of the citizens may probably be gathered by the worthy and Fayrelike marckets wéekely o•…•… Wenesday and fryday kept in Dublinne. Theyr sham∣bles is so well stored with meate,* 1.136 and their market with corne, as not onely in Ireland, but also in other countreys you shall not sée any one shambles, or any one market better furnisht with the one, or the other, then Du∣blinne is. The Citizens haue, from time to time, in sundry conflictes, so galde the Irishe, that euen to this daye,* 1.137 the Irishe feare a rag∣ged and iagged blacke standarde that the Ci∣tizens haue, almost, through tract of tyme, worne to the harde •…•…umpes. This standarde they carie with them in hostings, being ne∣uer displayed, but when they are readie to enter in battaile, and to come to the shocke. The fight of which daunteth the Irish aboue measure.* 1.138 And, for the better training of their yougth in martial exploytes, the Citizens vse to muster foure times by the yere: on Black∣monday, which is the morow of Easter day, on Mayday, S. Iohn Baptist his eue, and S. Peter his eue. Whereof two are ascribed to the Maior & Shirifes, the other two, to witte, the musters on Maydaye & S. Peter his eue are assigned to the Mayor and Shirifes of the bullering.* 1.139 The Mayor of Bullering is an office elected by the citizens, to be, as it were capitaine or gardayne of the batchelers and the vnwedded youth of the ciuitie. And for the yeare he hath auctoritie to chastise & pu∣nishe such, as frequent brothelhouses, and the lyke vnchast places. He is termed the Mayor of the Bull•…•…ring, of an Iron ring that stic∣keth in the corne market, to which the bulles, that are yearely bayted, be usuallye tyed: which ring is had by him and his companye in so great price, as if any citizen batcheler happe to marry, the Mayor of the bulring & his crewe conduct the bridegrome, vpon hys returne from Church, to the market place, & shots with a 〈◊〉〈◊〉 kisse, for hys Vultunu•…•… vale, he doth homage to the bullring.

The Blackmonday muster spring of hys occasion some after Irelande was conquered by the Britons,* 1.140 * 1.141 and the greater part of Lein∣•…•…er pacified, diuers townes men of Bristow •…•…ytted from thence to Dublin, and in shorte space the ci•…•…itie was by them so well inhabi∣ted, as it gr•…•… to be very populous.

Wherevpon the citizens hauing ouer great a•…•…ce in the multitude of the people, and 〈◊〉〈◊〉 consequently being somewhat retchelesse in h•…•…ding the •…•…untayne enemie, that •…•…o∣•…•… vnder their 〈◊〉〈◊〉, were w•…•…nt to r•…•…ame and •…•…oyle •…•…olu•…•…ers, sometime three or foure myles from the towne. The Irishe enemyes & spying, that the Citizens were accustomed to •…•…et•…•… such odde vagaries, especiallye on the holy dayes, and hauing an ynckling with∣all by the meanes of some false •…•…aterfert 〈◊〉〈◊〉 •…•…er, that a companie of them woulde haue ranged abroade, on mondaye in the Easter wi•…•…e, towards the woodde of Cullen, which is distaunt two myles from Dubline, they say in stale very well appointed, and layde in sundry places for their comming. The Citi∣zens rather minding y^e pleasure, they shoulde presently enioy, then forcasting the hurt, that might ensue, •…•…ockt vnarmed out of the ciuitie to the wood, where being intercepted by thē, that say h•…•…ng in ambush, they were to the number of fiue hundred miserably slayne. Wherevpon the remnaunt of the Citizens dée•…•…ing that vnluckie time to be a crosse or 〈◊〉〈◊〉 •…•…malle daye, gaue it the appellation of Blackmondaye. The Citie soone after being peopled by a freshe supply of Bristollians, to dare the Irishe enemie, agréede, to bancket yearely in that place. Which to this daye is obserued. For the Mayor and the Shir•…•…es with the Citizens repayre to the wood of C•…•…∣len, in which place the Mayor bestoweth a costly dinner within a mote or a roundell, & both y^e Shirifes within an other, where they are so well garded with the yougth of the ci∣tie, as the mountayne enemie dareth not at∣tempt, to snatche as much, as a pa•…•…ey crust from thence.

Dubline hath at this daye within the citie and in the suburbes these churches that en∣sue,* 1.142 of which the greater number are paroche churches, onely Christ his church with a few oratories and chappels excepted.

• Christes his church,* 1.143

  otherwise named oc∣clesia S. Trinitatis, a cathedrall church, the an∣cientest that I can finde recorded of all the churches now standyng in Dublin. I take it to haue bene builded, if not in Au•…•…llanus hys

• ...

  tyme, yet soone after by the Danes. The buil∣ding of which, was both repayred and enlar∣ged by Citrius prince of Dublin, at the ear∣nest request of Donate the bishop, and soone after the conquest it hath bene much beautifi∣ed by Robert Fitz Stephens & Strangbowe the erle of Penbroke, who with his sonne is in the body of the church entumbed. The cha∣pell that standeth in the chore, commonly cal∣led the new chappell, was builded by Girald fitz Thomas, erle of Kildare, in the yeare of our Lord 1510. where he is entumbled.

• S. Patrikes churche,

  a cathedrall churche, endued with notable liuings, and diuers farre benefices. It hath a chappell at the north dore which is called y^e paroch church. This church was founded by the famous and worthy pre∣late Iohn Commyn, about the yeare of •…•…r Lord.* 1.144 1197. This foundation was greatly ad∣uaunced by y^t liberalitie of king Iohn. There hath risen a greate contention betwixt thys churche and Christes churche for antiquitie, wherein doubtlesse S. Patricke hys churche ought to giue, place, vnlesse they haue further matter to shew, and better reasons to builde vpon, then their foundations, in whiche this churche by many yeares is inferiour to the other.

• S. Nicholas.
• S. Michael.
• S. Verberosse, or S. Varburge,

  so called of a Chesshire Virgin. The citizens of Chester founded this church, with two chappels there∣to annexed, the one called our Ladies chapel, the other S. Martines chappel. Hir feast is kepte the third of February. This churche, wyth a great parte of the Citie was burnt in the yeare 1301. but agayne by the parochians reedified.

• S. Iohn the Euangelist.
• S. Audoen, which is corruptly called saint Ouen, or Owen.

  His feast is solemnised the xxiiij. of August. The paroche of this churche is accounted the best in Dubline, for that the greater number of the Aldermē and the wor∣shippes of the Citie are demurraunt within that paroche.

• * 1.145S. Tuliock, now prophaned.

  In this church in olde tyme, the familie of the Fitzsymons was, for the more part, buried. The paroche was meared from the Crane castle, to the fishambles, called the cockehil with Preston hys Innes, and the lane thereto adioyning, which scope is now vnited to S. Iohn hys paroche.

• S. Katherine.
• S. Michan, or Mighanne.
• * 1.146S. Iames:

  his feast is celebrated the xxv. of Iuly, on which day in ancient time was there a worthy fayre kept at Dubline, continuing sixe dayes, vnto which resorted diuers mer∣chantes as wel frō England, as frō France, & Flaunders. And they afourded their wares so doggecheape, in respect of the Citie mer∣chantes, that the countrey was yere by yere sufficiently stored by estrangers, and the ci∣tie merchants not vttering their wares, but to such as had not redy chinckes, and therup∣pon forced to run on y^t score, were very much empouerished: wherefore partly thorough the canuassing of the towne merchantes, & part∣ly by the wincking of the rest of the Citizens beyng wan vpon many gay glōsed promises, by playing heepéepe to heare themselues o∣uerly in the matter, that famous marte was supprest, and all forreyne sale wholy abando∣ned. Yet for a memoriall of this notable faire a fewe cottages, bouthes, and alepoles, are yerely pitcht at S. Iames his gate.

• S. Michael of Poules, alias, Paules.
• S. Brigide.
• S. Keuyn.
• S. Peter de monte, or on the hil, appendant to S. Patrikes church.
• S. Stephen.

  This was exected for an hospi∣tall, for poore, lame, & impotent lazers, where they abide to this day, although not in suche chaste and sincere wise, as the founders wyll was vpon the erection thereof. The Maior with his brethren on S. Stephen his daye (which is one of their station daies) repaireth thither, and there doth offer▪

• S. Andrew, now prophaned.

The names of the gates of the citie, and suburbes of Dublin.

• BOth the gates nere the white friers.
• S. Keuen his gate.
• Hogs gate.
• Dammes gate.
• Poule gate, aliâs Paules gate.
• Newgate, a gaole or prison.
• Winetaberne gate.
• S. Audoen his gate,

  hard by the church go∣yng downe towardes the cockestréete. The reason why this gate, and the wynde taberne gate were builded, procéeded of this. In the yeare 1315. Edward Bruise a Scot, and bro∣ther to Robert Bruise king of Scottes arri∣ued in the north of Ireland. From whence he marched on forward with his army, vntil he came as farre as Castleknock. The citizens of Dubline being sore amazed at the sodayne & Scarborough approche of so puissaunt an enemy, burned all the houses in S. Thomas his stréete, lest he should vpon his repayre to Dubline haue any succour in the suburbes.

• ...

  The Mayor (named, Robert Notingham) and communaltie being in this distresse ra∣zed down an Abbay of the Fryer preachers, called S. Saluiour his Monastery, & brought the stones thereof to these places, where the the gates now stande, and all along that way dyd cast a Wall for the better fortifying of the ciuitie, mistrusting that the Walles that went along both the keyes, shoulde not haue béene of sufficient force to outholde the ene∣mie. The Scottes hauing intelligence of the fortifying of Dublyne, and reckening it a fo∣lye to laye siege to so impregnable a ciuitie, marched towarde a place not far from Du∣blyne, called the Salmon leape, where pyt∣ching there tentes for foure dayes, they re∣mooued towardes the Naas. But when the ciuitie was past this danger, king Edwarde the seconde gaue straight commaundement to the citizens so builde the Abbey they rased, saying that although lawes were squatted in warre, yet notwithstanding they ought to be reuiued in peace.

• Gurmund his gate,

  harde by the cuculle, or Coockolds post. Some suppose, that one Gur∣mundus buylded this gate, and therof to take the name. Others iudge, that the Irishe as∣saulting the ciuitie, were discomfited by the Earle of Ormonde, then by good hap soiour∣ning at Dublyne. And bycause he issued out at that gate, to the ende the valiaunt exployte and famous conquest of so woorthy a Poten∣tate shoulde be engrayled in parpetuall me∣morie, the gate bare the name of Ormonde his gate.

• The Bridge gate.
• S. Nicholas his gate.
• S. Patricke hys gate.
• Bungan hys gate.
• The Newstreate gate.
• S. Thomas his gate.
• S. Iames his gate.

The names of the streetes, bridges, lanes and other notorious places in Dublyne.

• THe Dammes stréete.
• The Castle stréete, stretching to the Pyllorie.
• S. Verberosses stréete.
• S. Iohn his stréete, aliâs fisheshamble stréete.
• The Skinner rew retching from the Pyllo∣rie, to the Tolehall, or to the high Crosse.
• The high streete, bearing to the hygh Pype.

  * 1.147This Pipe was buylded in the yeare 1308. by a woorthie Citizen, named Iohn Decer, being then Mayor of Dublyne. He buylded not long before that tyme the bridge harde by S. Woolstans, that retcheth ouer the Lyffie.

• The Newgate stréete, from the Newgate to S. Audoen his Church.
• S. Nicholas his stréete.
• The Wyne taberne stréete.
• The Cookestréete.
• The Bridge stréete. This stréete wyth the greater parte of the keye was burnt in the yeare 1304.
• The Woodkey. The Merchant key.
• Ostmantowne,

  so called of certayne Easter∣lings or Normans, properly the Danes that were called Ostmanni.* 1.148 They planted thēsel∣ues harde by the waterside néerè Dublyne, & discōfited at Clontarfe in a skyrmishe diuers of the Irishe.* 1.149 The names of the Irishe Capi∣taynes slayne, were, Bryanne Borrough, Miagh mack Bryen, Lady Okelly, Dolyne Ahertegan; Gylle Barramede, These were Irishe Potentates, and before their discom∣fiture they ruled y^e roste. They were interred at Kilmaynanne ouer against y^e great crosse. There arriued a fresh supply of Easterlings at Dublyne in the yeare 1095.* 1.150 & setled them∣selues on the other side of the ciuitie, which of them to this day is called. Ostmantowne,* 1.151 that is, the towne of the Ostmannes, wherof there aryseth great likelyhoode to haue béene a separate towne from the Citie, being par∣ted from Dublyne by the Liffye, as South∣warcke is seuered frō London by Thamesse.

• S. Thomas his stréete.

  This stréete was burnt by mishappe in the yeare 1343.

• The New buyldinges.
• The New stréete.
• S. Fraunces his stréete.
• The Kowme.
• S. Patricke his stréete.
• The backeside of S. Sepulchres.
• S. Keauen his stréete.
• The Poule, or Paulemyll stréete.
• S. Brigides stréete.
• The shéepe stréete, aliâs, the shippe stréete.

  For diuers are of opinion, that the sea had passage that way, and thereof to be called the Ship stréete. Thys as it séemeth not wholy impossible, considering that the sea floweth & ebbeth harde by it, so it caryeth a more cou∣lour of truth with it, bycause there haue bene founde there certayne yron ringes fastened to the towne Wall, to holde & graple boates withall.

• S. Verberosses lane,* 1.152 vp to s. Nicholas his stréete, now enclosed.
• S. Michaell his lane, beginning at S. Mi∣chael his pype.
• Christchurch lane.
• S. Iohn his lane.
• Ram lane, aliâs, the schoolehouse lane.
• S. Audoen his lane.
• ...

• Keasers lane.

  This lane is stéepe and slip∣perie, in which otherwhyles, they that make more haste, then good spéede, clincke there bummes to the stones. And therefore the ru∣der sorte, whether it be through corruption of speache, or for that they gyue it a nickename, commonly terme it, not so homely, as truely, kisse arse lane.

• Rochell lane, aliâs backlane, on the south∣side of the flesheshambles.
• The Cookestréete lane.
• Frapper lane.
• Giglottes hyll.
• Mary lane.
• S. Tullock his lane.
• Scarlet lane, aliâs, Isoudes lane.
• S. Pulchers lane.
• S. Kenyn his lane.
• The whyte Friers lane.
• S. Stephane his lane.
• Hogges lane.
• The sea lane.
• S. George his lane,

  where in olde tyme were buylded diuers olde and auncient mo∣numentes. And as an ensearcher of antiqui∣ties may by the view, there to be taken, con∣iecture, the better parte of the suburbes of Dublyne should séeme to haue stretched that way. But the inhabitantes being dayly and hourely molested and preded by their prou∣ling Mountaine neighbours, were forced to suffer their buyldinges fall in decay and em∣bayed themselues within the citie Walles.* 1.153

Among other monuments, there is a place in that lane called now Collets Innes, which in olde tyme was the Escacar, or exchequer. Which shoulde imply that the Princes court woulde not haue beene kept there, vnlesse the place had béene taken to be cocksure. But in fine it fell out contrarie. For the Baron sit∣ting there solemlye, and as it séemed, retch∣lesly: the Irishe espying the oportunitie, ru∣shed into the court in plumpes, where surpri∣sing the vnweaponed multitude, they cōmit∣ted horrible slaughters, by sparing none that came vnder their dynte: and withall, as far as their scarborrough leasure coulde serue them, they ransacke the Prince his thesaure, vpon which mishappe the exchequer was frō thēce remooued.* 1.154 There hath béene also in that lane, a chappell dedicated to S. George, like∣lye to haue béene founded by some woorthye knight of the Garter. The Mayor with hys brethren was accustomed with great tri∣umphe and pageantes yearely on S. George his feast to repayre to that chappell, and there to offer. This chappell hath béene of late ra∣zed, and the stones thereof by the consent of the assembly turned a common Ouen, con∣uerting the auncient monumēt of a doughty, aduenturous, and holy knight, to the coale∣rake swéeping of a pufloafe baker.

• The great Bridge, going to Ostmantowne.* 1.155
• S. Nicholas his bridge.
• The Poule gate bridge, repayred by Ni∣cholas Stamhurst about the yéere 1544.* 1.156
• The Castle bridge.
• S. Iames his bridge.

The Castle of Dublyne,* 1.157 was buylded by Henry Loundres (sometyme Archebishop of Dublyne, and L. Iustice of Irelande) aboute the yeare of our Lorde 1220.* 1.158 This castle hath beside the gatehouse foure goodly and substā∣tiall towers, of which one of them is named Bermingham his tower,* 1.159 whether it were that one of the Berminghames dyd enlarge the buylding thereof, or else that he was long in duresse in that tower.* 1.160 This Castle hath béene of late much beautified wyth sundrye & gorgious buildinges in the tyme of Sir Hen∣ry Sydney, as nowe, so then, L. Deputie of Irelande. In the commendacion of which buyldings an especiall welwiller of his Lord∣shippe penned these verses, ensuing.

Gesta libri referunt multorum clara Virorum, Laudis & in chartis stigmata fixa manent. Verùm Sidnaei laudes haec saxa loquuntur, Nec iacet in solis gloria tanta libris. Si libri pereant, homines remanere valebunt, Si pereant homines, ligna manere queunt. Ligna{que} si pereant, non ergo saxa peribunt, Saxa{que} si pereant tempore, tempus erit. Si pereat tempus, minimè consumitur aeuum, Quod cum principio, sed sine fine manet. Dum libri florent, homines dū viuere possunt, Dum quo{que} cum lignis saxa manero valent, Dum remanet tēpus, dū deni{que} permanet aeuū, Laus tua, Sidnaei, digna perire nequit.

There standeth néere the castle, ouer against a voyde rowme, called Preston his Innes, a tower, named, Isoudes tower.* 1.161 It tooke the name of La Beale Isoude, daughter to An∣guishe, king of Irelande. It séemeth to haue béene a Castle of pleasure for the kinges to recreat thēselues therin. Which was notvn∣like, considering that a meaner tower might serue such single soale kinges, as were at those dayes in Irelande. There is a village harde by Dublynne,* 1.162 called of the sayde La Beale, Chappell Isoude.

S. Pulchers, the Archbishop of Dublin hys house, as well pleasantly cited,* 1.163 as gorgeously builded. Some hold opinion, that the beauti∣fuller part of this house was of set purpose fi∣red by an Archbishop, to the ende the Gouer∣nors (which for the more part lay ther) should not haue so good likyng to the house: Not far disagréeyng frō the pollicy, that I heard a no∣ble

man tell, he vsed, who hauing a surpassing good horse, and such one as ouerran in a set race other choyse horses, did bobtayle him vpon his returne to the stable, left any of his friends casting a fantasie to the beast, should craue him. The noble man beyng so bounti∣fully giuen, as that of liberalitie he could not and of discretion he would séeme to giue hys friend the repulse in a more weighty request then that were.

The names of the fieldes adioyning to Dubline.

• SAint Stephens gréene.
• Hoggyng gréene.
• The Steyne.
• Ostmantowne gréene.

In the further ende of this field is there a hole, commonly termed Scald brothers hole, a Laberinth reachyng two large myles vnder the earth.* 1.164 This hole was in olde tyme frequented by a notorious théefe named scalde brother, wherin he would hyde all the bag and baggage he could pilfer. The varlet was so swifte on foote, as he hath eftsoones outrun the swiftest and lustriest yong men in all Ostmantowne, maugre theyr heds, bearing a potte or a panne of theyrs on his shoulders, to his den. And now and then, in derision of such as pursued hym, he would take hys course vnder the gallowes, which standeth very nigh hys caue (a fitte signe for such an Inne) and so beyng shrowded within his lodge, he reckened himself cocksure, none beyng found at that tyme so hardy as would aduenture to entangle himselfe within so in∣tricate a maze. But as the pitcher that goeth often to the water, commeth at length home brokē: so this lusty youth would not surcease from open catchyng, forcible snatchyng, and priuy prowling, to time he was by certain ga∣ping groomes that laye in wayte for him, in∣tercepted,* 1.165 fléeing toward his couch, hauyng vpon his apprehension no more wrong done hym, then that he was not sooner hanged on that gallowes, through which in his youth & iollitie he was woont to run. There standeth in Ostmantowne gréene, an hillocke, named little Iohn hys shot.* 1.166 The occasion procéeded of this.

* 1.167In the yere 1189. there ranged thrée robbers and outlawes in England, among which Ro∣bert hoode and little Iohn were chiefetaines, of all théefes doubtlesse the most courteous. Robert hoode beyng betrayed at a Noonry in Scotland,* 1.168 called Bricklies, the remnaunt of the crue was scattered, and euery man for∣ced to shift for himselfe. Wherupō little Iohn was fayne to flie the realme, by sayling into Ireland, where he soiourned for a few dayes at Dubline. The citizens beyng done to vn∣derstand, the wanderyng outcast to be an ex∣cellent archer, requested hym hartily to trie how far he could shoote at randone. Who yel∣dyng to their behest, stoode on the bridge of Dublin, and shotte to that mole hill, leauyng behynde him a monument, rather by his po∣steritie to be woondered, then possibly by any man liuyng to be counterscored. But as the repayre of so notorious a champion, to any countrey, would soone be published, so his a∣bode could not be long concealed: and there∣fore, to eschew the daunger of lawes, he fled into Scotland, where he dyed at a towne or Village called Morany. Gerardus Mercator,* 1.169 in his Cosmographye affirmeth, that in the same towne the bones of an huge and mighty man are kept, which was called little Iohn, amōg which bones, y^e huckle bone or hipbone was of such largenesse, as witnesseth Hector Boethius, y^t he thrust his arme through y^e hole therof. And the same bone beyng suted to the other partes of his body, did argue the man to haue bene 14. foote long, which was a pre∣ty length for a little Iohn. Whereby appea∣reth, that he was called little Iohn ironically lyke as we terme him an honest man, whom we take for a Knaue in grayne.* 1.170 Nere vnto the citie of Dubline are the foure auncient Manours annexed to the crowne, which are named to this day, the kinges lande: to wit, Newcastle, Tassaggard, Eschyre, & Crum∣lyn.* 1.171 The manour of Crumlyn payeth a grea∣ter chiefe rent to the prince, then any of the other thrée, which procéeded of this. The Se∣neschall beyng offended with the tenants for their misdemeanor toke them vp very sharp∣ly in the court, and with rough and minatory speaches began to menace thē. The lobbishe and desperate clobberiousnesse, takyng the matter in dudgeon, made no more wordes, but knockt their Seneschald on the costard, & left hym there sprawling on the grounde for dead. For which detestable murder their rent was enhaunced, and they pay at this day ix. pence an acre, which is double to any of the other thrée manours.

Waterford was founded by Sitaracus,* 1.172 as is aforesayd in the yere 155.* 1.173 Ptolome nameth it Manapia, but why he appropriateth y^e name to this citye, neither doth he declare, nor I gesse. This city is properly builded, and very well compacte, somewhat close by reason of their thicke buildinges and narrowe stréetes. The hauen is passing good, by which the citi∣zens through the entercourse of forreine tra∣phike in short space attayne to aboundaunce of welth. The soyle about it is not all of the

best, by reason of which the ayre is not very subtill, yet nathelesse the sharpnesse of theyr wittes séemeth to be nothyng rebated or duld by reason of the grosenesse of the ayre. For in good sooth the townesmen, and namely y^e stu∣dentes are pregnant in conceiuing, quicke in takyng, and sure in kepyng. The citizens are very héedy and wary in all their publique af∣fairs, flow in determining matters of weight, louing to loke ere they leape. In chosing their magistrate, they respect not onely his riches, but also they weigh his experience. And ther∣fore they elect for their Maior neyther a riche man that is young, nor an olde man that is poore. They are cherefull in the entertayne∣ment of straungers, hartye one to an other, nothing giuen to factions. They loue no idle benche whistlers, nor luskishe faytoures, for yong and old are wholy addicted to thriuing, the men commonly to traffike, the women to spinnyng and carding. As they distill the best Aqua vitae, so they spin the choysest rugge in Ireland. A friend of myne beyng of late de∣murrant in London, and the weather by rea∣son of an hard hoare froste beyng somewhat nippyng, repayred to Paris garden, clad in one of these Waterford rugs. The mastiefes had no sooner espyed him, but déeming he had bene a Beare, would fayne haue bayted him. And were it not that the dogs were partely moozeled, and partly chayned, he doubted not, but that he should haue bene well tugd in hys Irishe rugge, wherupon he solemnly vowed, neuer to sée Bearebayting in any such wéed. The city of Waterford hath continued to the crowne of Englande so loyall, that it is not found registred since the cōquest to haue bene disteyned with the smallest spot, or dusked w^t the least freckle of treason, notwithstandyng the sundry assaults of trayterous attemptes, and therfore the cities armes are deckt with this golden worde,* 1.174 Intacta manet, a poesie as well to be hartily followed, as greatly admi∣red of all true and loyall townes.

* 1.175Limmericke, called in Latine Limmericū, was builded by Yuorus, as is before mentio∣ned, about the yere 155. This citie coasteth on the sea hard vpon the riuer Sennan,* 1.176 wherby are most notably seuered Mounster and Con∣naght: the Irish name this city Loumneagh, and thereof in Englishe it is named Limme∣rick.* 1.177 The town is planted in an Island, which plot, in olde tyme, before the buildyng of the citie, was stored with grasse. During which tyme it happened, that one of the Irishe po∣tentates raysing warre against an other of his pieres encamped in that Isle, hauyng so great a troupe of horsmen, as the horses eate vp the grasse in xxiiij. howers: wherupon for the notorious number of horses, the place is called Loum ne augh, that is, the horse bare, or a place made bare or eaten vp by horses. The very maine sea is thrée score myles di∣staunt from the towne, and yet the riuer is so nauigable, as a ship of 200. tunne, may sayle to the key of the city. The riuer is termed in Irishe, Shaune amne, that is, the olde riuer: for shaune is olde, and amne is a riuer, dedu∣cted of the latine worde amnis. The buildyng of Limmericke is sumptuous and substan∣tiall.

Corcke in Latine, Coratium, or Corratium,* 1.178 the fourth citie of Irelande, happily planted on the sea. Their hauen is an hauen royall. On the landside they are encombred with e∣uill neighboures, the Irishe outlawes, that they are fayne to watch their gates howerly, to kepe them shut at seruice times, at meales from sunne to sunne, nor suffer any estraun∣ger to enter the citie with his weapon, but y^e same to leaue at a lodge appointed. They walke out at seasons for recreation w^t power of men furnished. They trust not the coun∣trey adioining, but match in wedlock among themselues only, so that the whole city is wel nigh lincked one to the other in affinitie.

Drogheda,* 1.179 accounted the best towne in Ireland, and truely not far behynde some of their cities. The one moyetie of this towne is in Méeth, the other planted on the further side of the water lieth in Vlster. There runneth a blynde prophesie on this towne, that Rosse was, Dubline is, Drogheda shall be the best of the thrée.

Rosse, an hauen towne in Mounster not far from Waterford,* 1.180 which séemeth to haue ben in aunciēt tyme a town of great port. Wher∣of sondry and probable coniectures are giuē, as well by the olde ditches that are nowe a myle distaunt from the walles of Rosse, be∣twene which walles and ditches, the reliques of the aunciēt walles, gates and towers pla∣ced betwene both are yet to be séene. The towne is builded in a barren soyle, and plan∣ted among a crew of naughty and prowlyng neighbours. And in olde tyme when it flouri∣shed, albeit the towne were sufficiently peo∣pled, yet as long as it was not cōpassed with walles, they were formed with watche and warde, to kéepe it from the gréedy snatchyng of the Irishe enemies. With whome as they were generally molested, so the priuate coose∣nyng of one peasaunt on a sodayne, incensed them to inuiron their towne with strong and substantiall walles. There repayred one of the Irishe to this towne on horsebacke, and espying a piece of cloth on a merchants stall, tooke holde thereof, and bet the clothe to the

lowest pryce he could. As the Merchaunt and he stoode dodging one wyth the other in chea∣ping the ware, the horsman considering that he was well mounted, and that the merchant and he had growen to a pryce, made wyse as though he woulde haue drawen to his purse, to haue defrayed the money. The cloth in the meane whyle being tuckte vp and placed be∣fore him, he gaue the spurre to his horse and ranne away with the cloth being not imbard from his posting pase, by reason the towne was not perclosed eyther wyth ditch or wall. The townes men being pincht at the heart, that one rascall in such scornefull wyse should giue them the slampame, not so much weigh∣ing the sclendernesse of the losse, as the sham∣fulnesse of the foyle, they put their heades to∣gither, consulting how to preuent eyther the sodaine rushing, or the post hast flying of any such aduenterous rakehell hereafter.

In which consultation a famous Dido, a chaste wydowe, a politicke dame, a bounti∣full gentlewoman,* 1.181 called Rose, who repre∣senting in sinceritie of lyfe the swéetnesse of that herbe, whose name she bare, vnfolded the deuise, howe any such future mischaunce shoulde be preuented, and withall opened hir coffers liberally, to haue it furthered: Two good properties in a counsaylour. Hir deuise was, that the towne shoulde incontinently be inclosed with walles, and there wythall promised to discharge the charges, so that they would not sticke to finde out labourers. The deuise of this woorthie Matrone being wyse, and the offer liberall, the townes men agréed to follow the one, and to put their hel∣ping handes to the atchieuing of the other.

The worke was begunne, which through the multitude of handes séemed light. For the whole towne was assembled, tagge & ragge, cutte and long tayle: none exempted but such as were bedred & impotent. Some were tas∣ked to deine, others appointed w^t mattockes to digge, diuers allotted to the vnheaping of rubbishe, many bestowed to the caryage of stones, sundry occupyed in tēpering of mor∣ter, the better sorte busied in ouerséeing the workemen, eche one according to hys voca∣tion employed, as though the ciuitie of Car∣thage were a freshe in buylding, as it is feat∣lye verified by the golden Poet Virgil, and neately Englished by M. Doctour Phaer.

The Moores with courage went to worke some vnder burdens grones: Some at the walles and towers with handes were tumbling vp the stones. Some measured out a place to buylde their mansion house within: Some lawes and officers to make in Parliment dyd begin. An other an hauen had cast, and deepe they trenche the grounde, Some other for the games and playes a stately place had founde. And pyllers great they cut for kings, to garnish forth their walles. And lyke as Bees among the flowers, when fresh the sommer falles, In shine of sunne apply their worke, when growne is vp their yong: Or when their hiues they ginne to stoppe, and hony sweete is sprong, That all their caues and cellers close with dulcet liquour filles, Some doth outlade, some other bringes the stuffe with ready willes. Sometime they ioyne, and all at once doe from their mangers fet The slouthfull drones, that woulde consume, and nought woulde doe, to get. The worke it heates, the hony smelles of flowers and time ywet.

But to returne from Dido of Carthage, to Rose of Rosse, and hir worke, the laboures were so many, the worke, by reason of round and exchequer payment, so well applyed, the quary of fayre marble so néere at hand. (For they affirme, that out of the trenches and dit∣ches hard by their rampyers, the stones were had, and all that plot is so stony that the foū∣dation is an harde rocke) that these Walles with diuers braue turrettes were sodainly mounted, and in maner sooner finished, then to the Irishe enemies notified. Which y∣wisse was no small corisie to them. These walles in circuit are equall to Londō walles. It hath thrée gorgious gates, Bishoppe his gate, on the East side: Allegate, on the East southeast side: And South gate, on the south parte. This towne was no more famoused for these walles, then for a notable woodden bridge that stretched from the towne to the otherside of the water, which must haue béene by reasonable suruey xij. score, if not more. Diuers of the poales, logges & stakes, with which the bridge was vnderpropt, sticke to this daye in the water. A man woulde here suppose, that so floorishing a towne, so firmely buylded, so substantially walled, so well peo∣pled, so plenteously with thryftie artificers stored, woulde not haue fallen to any sodaine decay.* 1.182 But as the secret & déepe iudgements of God are veiled within the couerture of his diuine Maiestie, so it standeth not with the dulnesse of man his wit, to beate his braynes in the curious ensearching of hidden miste∣ries.

Wherefore I, as an hystorian vnderta∣king in this Treatise, rather plainely to de∣clare, what was done, then rashly to inquyre, why it shoulde be done: purpose, by God his assistaunce, to accomplish, as néere as I can, my duetie in the one, leauing the other to the friuolous deciding of busie heads. This Rose, who was the soundresse of these former re∣hearsed walles, had issue thrée sonnes, (how∣beit some holde opinion, that they were but hir Nephewes &: who beyng bolstered out through the wealth of their mother, and sup∣ported by their trafficke, made diuers prospe∣rous voyages into forraine countreys. But as one of the thrée chapmen was imployed in his trafficke abroade, so the prettie popelet his wyfe began to be a freshe decupying gig∣lofte at home, and by report fell so farre ac∣quainted wyth a religious cloysterer of the towne, as that he gate wythin the lyning of hyr smocke. Bothe the partyes wal∣lowing ouerlong in the stincking puddle of a•…•…terit, suspicion beganne to créepe in some townes mens braines, and to be briefe, it came so farre, through the iust iudgement of God, to light, whether it were, that she was with childe in hir husbande his absence, or that hir louer vsed hir fondly in open pre∣sence, as the presumption was not onely ve∣hement, but also the fact too too apparent. Hir vnfortunat husband had not sooner notice gy∣uen him vpon his returne of these sorowfull newes, then his fingers began to nibble, hys téeth to grinne, hys eyes to trickle, his eares to dindle, his heade to dezell, in somuch as his heart being skeared wyth ialousie,* 1.183 & his wits enstalde through Phrenesie, he became as madde, as a marche hare. But howe heauily soeuer hir husbande tooke it, Dame Rose and all hir friendes (which were in effect all the townes men, for that she was their common benefactresse) were galde at their hearts, as∣well to heare of the enormyous aduoutrie, as to sée the bedlem panges of brainsicke ialou∣sie. Wherevpon diuers of the townes menne grunting and grudging at the matter, sayde that the fact was horrible, and that it were a déede of charitie vtterly to grubbe away such wilde shrubbes from the towne: and if thys were in any dispunishable wyse rakte vp in the ashes, they shoulde not sooner trauerse the seas, then some other woulde enkendle the like fire a freshe, and so consequently dis∣honest their wyfes, and make their husbands to become changelinges, as being turnde frō sober moode to be hornewood, because rutting wyues make often rammishe husbandes, as our prouerbe doeth inferre. Others soothing their fellowes in these mutynies turned the priuate iniurie to a publicke quarell, and a number of the townes men conspiring togy∣ther flockt in the dead of the nyght, well ap∣pointed, to the Abbeye, wherein the feyer was cloystered (the monument of which Ab∣baye is yet to be séene at Rosse on the South syde) where vndersparring the gates,* 1.184 and bearing vp the dormitorie doore, they stab∣bed the adulterer with the reast of the couent through wyth their weapons. Where they left them goaring in their bloude, roaring in their cabannes, and gasping vp their flitting goastes in their couches. The vproare was great, and they to whom the slaughter before hande was not imparted, were woonderfully thereat astonyed. But in especiall the rem∣nant of the cleargy, bare very hollow hearts to the townes men, and howe friendly theyr outward countenances were, yet they would not with inwarde thought forget, nor forgiue so horrible a murder, but were fully resolued, whensoeuer oportunitie serued them, to sit in their skirtes, by making thē soulfe as sorow∣full a kyrie. These thrée brethren not long af∣ter this bloudy exployte spedde thē into some outlandish countrey to continue their trade, The religious men being done to vnderstād, as it séemed, by some of their neighbours, which foresayled them homeward, that these thrée brethren were ready to be imbarckt, slunckt priuily out of the towne, and resorted to the mouth of the hauen, néere a castle,* 1.185 na∣med Hulck tower, which is a notable marck for Pilottes, in directing them, which way to sterne their ships, and to eschew the daunger of the craggy rockes there on euery side of the shore peaking. Some iudge, that the said Rose was foundresse of this tower, and of purpose dyd buylde it for the saftie of hir chil∣drē, but at length it turned to their bane. For these reuengers nightly dyd not misse to laye a lanterne on the toppes of the rockes, that were on the other side of the water. Which practise was not long by thē continued, when these thrée passengers bearing sayle with a lusty gale of winde made right vpon the lan∣terne, not doubting, but it had bene the Hulck tower. But they tooke theyr marke so farre amisse, as they were not ware, to tyme theyr ship was dasht and pasht agaynst the rockes, & all the passengers ouerwhyrled in the sea.

This heauy hap was not so sorrowfull to the townes men, as it was gladsome to the reli∣gious, thincking that they had in part cryed them acquittaunce, the more that they, which were drowned, were the Archebrochers of their brethrens bloude. Howbeit they would not crye hoa here, but sent in poste some of their couent to Rome, where they inhaunced

the slaughter of the fraternitie so haynously, & concealed their owne pranckes so couertly, as the Pope excōmenged the towne, y^e towne accursed the Friers: so that there was suche cursing and banning of all handes, and such discentious hurly burly raysed betwéene thē∣selfes, as the estate of that flourishing towne was tourned arsye versye, topside thother∣way, & from abundaunce of prosperitie quite exchanged to extréeme penurye.

* 1.186The walles stand to this day, a few stréets & houses in the towne, no small parcell there∣of is turned to Orchardes and Gardeines. The greater part of the towne is stéepe and steaming vpwarde. Theyr church is called Christchurche, in the northside whereof is placed a monument called the king of Den∣marke hys tumbe, whereby coniecture maye ryse, that the Danes were the founders of that church.* 1.187 This Rosse is called Rosse noua, or Rosse ponti, by reason of theyr brydge. That which they call olde Rosse, beareth east thrée myles from thys Rosse, into the coun∣trye of Weisforde, an auncient manour of the Earle of Kyldares.* 1.188 There is the thyrde Rosse on the othersyde of the water, called Rosse Ibarcanne, so named, for that it stan∣deth in the coūtrey of Kylkenny, which is de∣uyded into thrée partes, into Ibarcanne, Ida and Idouth.

* 1.189Weisford, an hauen towne not farre from Rosse. I finde no great matters therof recor∣ded, but only that it is to be had in great price of all the Englishe posteritie planted in Ire∣land, as a towne that was the first fostresse & harboresse of the English conquerors.

* 1.190Kilkenny, the best vplandish towne, or, as they terme it, y^e proprest dry towne in Irelād. It is parted into the high towne, & the Irishe towne. The Irish towne claymeth a corpora∣tion apart from the high town, wherby great factiōs growe daily betwene the inhabitants. True it is, that the Irish towne is the aunci∣enter, and was called the olde Kilkenny, be∣yng vnder the bishop his becke, as they are, or ought to be at this present. The high town was builded by the Englishe after the con∣quest, and had a parcell of the Irishe towne therto vnited, by the bishop his graunt, made vnto the founders vpon their earnest request. In the yere 1400.* 1.191 Robert Talbot a worthy gentleman,* 1.192 enclosed with walles the better part of this towne, by which it was greatly fortified. This gentleman deceased in y^e yeare 1415. In this towne in the chore of the Frier preachers,* 1.193 William Marshal Erle Marshal and Erle of Penbroke was buried, who de∣parted this lyfe in the yere 1231. Richard bro∣ther to William, to whome the inheritaunce descended, within thrée yeres after deceased at Kilkenny beyng wounded to death in a field giuen in the heath of Kyldare, in the yere 1234. the xv. of Aprill,* 1.194 & was entumbed wyth hys brother, according to the olde epitaph.

Hic comes est positus Richard{us} vulnere fossus. Cuius sub fossa Kilkenia continet ossa.

This town hath thre churches, S.* 1.195 Kennies church, our Ladies churche, aliâs S. Maries church, and S. Patrikes church, with the ab∣bey of S. Iohn. S. Kennies churche is theyr chiefe and cathedrall church, a worthy foun∣dation as well for gorgeous buildinges, as for notable liuyngs.* 1.196 In the West ende of the churchyard of late haue bene founded a Grā∣mer schoole by the right honourable. Pierce or Peter Butler Erle of Ormond and Osso∣ry,* 1.197 and by his wife the countesse of Ormond, the lady Margarete fitz Girald, sister to Gi∣rald fitz Girald the Erle of Kyldare that last was. Out of which schoole haue sprouted such proper ympes through the painefull diligēce, and the laboursame industry of a famous let∣tered man M. Peter White (sometyme fel∣low of Oriall colledge in Oxford,* 1.198 and schoole-maister in Kilkenny) as generally the whole weale publike of Ireland, and especially the southerne partes of that Island are greatly therby furthered. This gentlemans methode in trayning vp youth, was rare and singuler, framyng the education according to the scho∣lers vaine. If he found him free, he would bri∣dle hym like a wyse Ilocrates frō his booke: if he perceiued hym to be dull, he would spur hym forwarde: if he vnderstoode that he were y^e woorse for beating, he woulde win him with rewardes: finally, by interlacing study wyth recreation, sorrow with mirth, payne with pleasure, sowernesse with swéetenesse, rough∣nesse with myldenesse, he had so good successe in schooling his pupils, as in good sooth I may boldly byde by it, that in the realme of Irelād was no Grāmer schoole so good, in Englande I am well assured, none better. And because it was my happy happe (God & my parentes be thanked) to haue bene one of his crewe, I take it to stand with my duety, sith I may not stretch myne habilitie in requiting hys good turnes, yet to manifest my goodwill in remē∣bryng his paines. And certes, I acknowledge my selfe so much bound and beholding to him and his, as for his sake, I reuerence the mea∣nest stone cemented in the walles of that fa∣mous schoole. This town is named Kilkenny of an holy and learned Abbot called Kanicus,* 1.199 borne in the countie of Kilkenny, or (as it is in some bookes recorded) in Connaght. This prelate beyng in his suckling yeres fostered,

through the prouidence of God, with the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 of a 〈◊〉〈◊〉 and baptized and bishoppes by 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Lur•…•…, thereto by Gods especiall appoynt∣ment, deputed, grew into 〈◊〉〈◊〉 as tyme to such deuos•…•…e learnylng, as he was deputed of all men, to be as well a mirra•…•… of the 〈◊〉〈◊〉, as a p•…•…rag•…•… of the other: wherof he gaue, suffi∣cient 〈◊〉〈◊〉 •…•…re in hys mind•…•…tie. For beyng 〈◊〉〈◊〉 to the keepyng of •…•…éepe, and 〈◊〉〈◊〉 fol∣low sh•…•…pheards, wholy pu•…•…ing themselues i•…•…e huskish vnga•…•… to •…•…th and •…•…∣nesse; yet would he if all 〈◊〉〈◊〉 himselfe •…•…ys∣ed in •…•…ing with Osiars and t•…•…g•…•…; little woodden churches, and in fashioning the fur∣nitures thereto appertaining. Beyng stepte further in yeares, he made his repayre into England, where cloystering himselfe in an abbey, wherof one named Doctus, was abbot, he was wholy wedded to his books and to de∣uotion: wherin he continued so painefull and diligent, as being on a certaine time per•…•…ing a serious matter, and hauing not fully drawne the fourth •…•…all, the abbey bell ting•…•…e to as∣semble the couent to some spirituall exercise. To which he so hastened, as he left the letter in semie•…•…clewyse vnfinished, vntill he retur∣ned backe to his booke. Soone after being pro∣moted to ecclesiasticall orders, he trauailed by the consent of his fellowmonkes to 〈◊〉〈◊〉, and in Italy he gaue such manifest profe of his pietie, as to this day in some partes ther∣of he is highly renowmed.

* 1.200Thomas towne, a proper town builded in the countie of Kilkenny, by one Thomas fitz Antony in English man. The Ie•…•… thereof name it Bally macke Andan: that is, y^e town of fitz Antony. This gentleman had issue two daughters, the one of them was es•…•…ed to Denne, the other maried to Archdeacon, or Macked•…•…, whose heyres haue at this day the towne betweene them in cooparcenary. But bicause the reader may sée in what part of the countrey the cities & chiefe townes stand, I take not farre amisse to place them in order as ensueth.

The names of the chiefe townes in Vlster.

• ...Drogheda.
• ...Carregfergus.
• ...Downe.
• ...Armach.
• ...Arglash.
• ...Cloagher.
• ...Muneighan.
• ...Doonn•…•…gaule.
• ...Karreg mack Rosse.
• ...Newry.
• ...Carlingford.
• ...Ardy.
• ...Doondalke.
• ...Louth.

The names of the chiefe townes in Leinster.

• ...Dublin.
• ...Balrudey.
• ...L•…•…e.
• ...Swordes.
• ...Tash•…•…ggard.
• ...Ly•…•….
• ...Newcastle.
• ...R•…•…mle.
• ...Oughter arde.
• ...Naas.
• ...Clane.
• ...Maynooth.
• ...Kylcocke.
• ...Rathayangan.
• ...Kyldare.
• ...Luianne.
• ...Castletowne.
• ...Philli•…•… towne.
• ...Mary•…•…c•…•…gh.
• ...Kylcullen.
• ...Castle marten.
• ...Thystleder•…•….
• ...Kyles.
• ...Ath•…•….
• ...Catherlangh.
• ...•…•…helen.
• ...•…•…ouranne.
• ...T•…•…s •…•…ne.
• ...Encstyocle.
• ...Cashelle.
• ...C•…•…llan•…•…e.
• ...Kylkenny.
• ...Knocktofer.
• ...Rosse.
• ...Clonmelle.
• ...Weiseforth.
• ...Fernes.
• ...Fydderd.
• ...Enescorty.
• ...Tathmon.
• ...Wyckloe.
• ...Ackloa.

The names of the chiefe townes in Mounster.

• ...VVaterford.
• ...Lismore.
• ...Doongaman.
• ...Yoghill.
• ...Corcke.
• ...Lymmerick.
• ...Kylmallock.

The names of the chiefe townes in Connaght.

• ...Aloane.
• ...Galuoy.
• ...Anry.
• ...Louaghryagh.
• ...Clare.
• ...Toame.
• ...Sligagh.
• ...Rossecomman.
• ...Arctlowne.

The names of the chiefe townes in Meeth.

• ...Trymme.
• ...Doonshaghlenne.
• ...Rathlouth.
• ...Nauanne.
• ...Abooy.
• ...Scryne.
• ...Taraugh.
• ...Kemles.
• ...Doonboyne.
• ...Greenock.
• ...Duleeke.

The names of the townes in Westmeeth.

• ...Molingare.
• ...Fowre.
• ...Loughfeude.
• ...Kylkenywest.
• ...Moylagagh.
• ...Deluynne.

In the xxxiiij.* 1.201 yeare of the reigne of King Henry the eight, it was enacted in a parlia∣ment, holden at Des•…•…ye•…•…re before. Syr •…•…∣thou•…•…e Setitleger knight, Lorde deputie of

Irelande, that Méeth shoulde be deuided and made two shyres, one of them to bée cal∣led the countie of Méeth, the other to be cal∣led the county of West méeth, and that there shoulde be two shayeles and offycers conue∣nyent within the same shyres, as is mo•…•… ex∣prest in the acte.

The names of the chiefe hauen townes in Irelande.

• ...Loughfoyle.
• ...The Banne.
• ...Wolderfrith.
• ...Craregfergus.
• ...Strangforde.
• ...Ardglas.
• ...Lougheuen.
• ...Carlingforde.
• ...Kylkeale.
• ...Dundalk.
• ...Kylclogher.
• ...Dunnany.
• ...Drogheda.
• ...Houlepatrick.
• ...Nany.
• ...Baltray.
• ...Brymore.
• ...Balbriggen.
• ...Roggers towne.
• ...Skerrish.
• ...Rushe.
• ...Malahyde.
• ...Banledooyle.
• ...Houth.
• ...Dublynne.
• ...Dalkee.
• ...Wickincloa.
• ...Arckloa.
• ...Weisford.
• ...Bagganbun.
• ...The Passage.
• ...Waterforde.
• ...Dungaruan.
• ...Rosse noua.
• ...Youghylle.
• ...Corck mabegge.
• ...Corck.
• ...Kynsale.
• ...Kyerye.
• ...Rosse Ilbere.
• ...Dorrye.
• ...Baltynymore.
• ...Downenere.
• ...Downesheade.
• ...Downelounge.
• ...Attannanne.
• ...Craghanne.
• ...Downen•…•…bwyne.
• ...Balyneskilyliodge.
• ...Daugyne •…•…house.
• ...Traly.
• ...Senynne.
• ...Cassanne.
• ...Kylnewyne.
• ...Lymmetick.
• ...Innyskartee.
• ...Belalenne.
• ...Arynenewyne.
• ...Glanemaughe.
• ...Ballyweyham.
• ...Bynwarre.
• ...Dowrys.
• ...Woran.
• ...Roskam.
• ...Galway.
• ...Kyllynylly.
• ...Innesbosynne.
• ...Owran Moare.
• ...Kylcolken.
• ...Burske.
• ...Belleclare.
• ...Rathesilbene.
• ...Byerweisowre.
• ...Buraueis hare.
• ...Ardne makow.
• ...Rosbare.
• ...Kilgolynne.
• ...Wallalele.
• ...Rabranne.
• ...Strone.
• ...Burweis now.
• ...Zaltra.
• ...Kalbalye.
• ...Ardnock.
• ...Adrowse.
• ...Sligaghe.
• ...Innes Bowsenne.

* 1.202Cambriense obserued in his time, that when the sea doth ebbe at Dublyue, it ebbeth also at Bristow, and floweth at Mylford & Weis∣ford. At Wycklo•…•… the son •…•…bbeth whe•…•… in all other partes •…•…f commonly floweth. Further∣more th•…•… he 〈◊〉〈◊〉 that the ryuer, which •…•…ū∣•…•…eth by W•…•…yckl•…•…, vpo•…•… 〈◊〉〈◊〉 is 〈◊〉〈◊〉, 〈…〉〈…〉, the next hau•…•… towne, the ry∣uer 〈…〉〈…〉 when the 〈…〉〈…〉 wry∣teth 〈…〉〈…〉 Arch•…•… •…•…∣•…•…eth•…•… rocke, and wh•…•… the sea •…•…eth in•…•… side therof, it 〈…〉〈…〉 the other 〈◊〉〈◊〉 •…•…st. Cambrien•…•…e •…•…er with dyuers, Philosophi∣call •…•…lons 〈…〉〈…〉 the 〈◊〉〈◊〉, by ob∣seruing the 〈…〉〈…〉 is the empresse of •…•…y•…•…ure. But the 〈…〉〈…〉 leaue for the schoole streetes.

Of the est•…•… g•…•…nd wonderfull places in Irelande. Cap. 4.

I Thinke it good to beg•…•…ne with S. Patrike his Purgatorie,* 1.203 partly bycause it is most notoriously knowen, & partly the more, that some wryters, as the auctor of Polichro•…•…i∣con, and others that were miscaryed by 〈◊〉〈◊〉 séeme to make great doubt, where they néede not. For they ascribe the finding out of the place not to Patrike that couerted the coun∣trey but to another Patricke a•…•… Abbat, wh•…•…̄ likewise they affirme to haue done employed in conuerting the Islande 〈◊〉〈◊〉 heathe•…•…rie to Christianitie.

But the auctor, that broacheth this opinion, is not founde to carie any such credi•…•…e wyth him, as that a man may certainly affirme it, or probably coniecture it, vnlesse we relye to the olde wythered woorme eaten Legend, lo∣ded with as many lowde lyes, as lewde lines. The better and the more certaine opinion is, that the other Patricke founde it out, in such wise as Cambriēse reporteth.* 1.204 There is a poole as lake, sayeth he, in the partes of Vlster that enuironneth an Island, in the one part where∣of there standeth a Churche much lightned with the brightsome recourse of A•…•…gelles & the other part is onely and gastly, as it were a bedlem allotted to the visible assemblies of horrible and grisly bugges. This part of the Islande contayneth nyne caues. And if any dare be so hardye; as to take one night his lodging in any of these Innes, which hath béene experimented by some rashe and hare∣brayne aduenturers, straight these spirites claw him by the back, and tugge him so rug∣gedly, and tosse him so crabbedly, that nowe and then they make him more francke of his bumme then of his tongue, a payment cor∣respondent to his intertaynemēt. This place is called S. Patricke his purgatorie of the inhabitours. For when S. Patrike laboured the conuersion of the people of Vlster by set∣ting

before their eyes in great heate of spi∣rite, the creation of the worlde, the fall of our progenitours, the redemption of man by the blessed and precious bloude of our Sauiour Iesus Christ, the certayntie of death, the im∣mortalitie of the soule, the generall resurrec∣tion, our latter dumbe, the ioyes of heauen, the paynes of hell, howe that at length euery man, small and great, young and olde, riche and poore, king and keaser, potentate & pea∣saunt must eyther through God his gracious mercy be exalted to the one, to floorish in per∣petuall felicitie, or through his vnsearcheable iustice tumbled downe to the other, to be tor∣mented in eternall miserie: these and the like graue and weightie sentences, wherewith he was aboundantly stored so farre funcke into their heartes, as they séemed very flexible in condescending to hys behest, so that some proofe of his estraunge preaching coulde haue béene veryfied. Wherevpon, wythout further delay, they spake to the prelate in this wyse.

Syr, as we like of your preaching, so we dislyke not of our libertie. You tell vs of ma∣ny gye gawes and estraunge dreames. You woulde haue vs to abandonne infidelitie, to cage vp our libertie, to bridle our pleasure: For which you promise vs for our toyle and labour a place to vs as vnknowen, so as yet vncertayne. You sermon to vs of a dungeon appointed for offenders and miscredentes.

"In deede, if we coulde finde that to be true, we woulde the sooner be weaned from the swéete napple of our libertie, and frame our selues plyaunt to the will of that God, that you reueale vnto vs. s. Patricke cōsidering, that these sealy soules were (as all dulcarna∣nes for y^e more part are) more to be terryfied from infidelitie through the paynes of hell, then allured to Christianitie by the ioyes of heauen, most heartily besought God, sort stoode wyth his gracious pleasure, for the ho∣nour and glorie of his diuine name, to giue out some euident or glimsing token of the matter they importunatly requyred. Finally by the especiall direction of God, he founde in the North edge of Vlster a desolate corner, hemmed in rounde, and in the middle thereof a pit, where he reared a Church, called Reglis or Reglas,* 1.205 at the East end of the Churchyarde a doore leadeth into a closet of stone lyke a long ouen, which they call S. Patricke hys purgatorie, for that the people resorte thither euen at this day for pennaunce, and haue re∣ported at their returne estraunge visions of paine and blisse appearing vnto them.

* 1.206The auctor of Polichronicon wryteth that in the reigne of king Stephane a knight na∣med Owen, pilgrimaged to this purgatorie, being so appalled at the straunge visions that there he sawe, as that vpon his returne from thence, he was wholly mortyfied, and seque∣string himselfe from the worlde, he spent the remnaunt of his lyfe in an Abbay of Luden∣sis.* 1.207 Also Dionisius a Charterhouse Muncke recordeth a vision séene in that place by one Agneius, or Egneius, wherof who so is inqui∣sitiue, may resorte to his Treatise written De quatuor nouissimis.* 1.208 Iohannes Camertes holdeth opinion, which he surmiseth vpon the gueshe of other, that Claudius wryteth of this Purgatorie. Which if it be true, the place must haue béene extant before S. Patricke, but not so famously knowen. The Poet his verses are these.

Est locus, extremū, pandit, qua Gallia littus.* 1.209 Oceani praetentus aquis, quo fertur Vlisses Sanguine libato populum mouisse silentum. Flebilis auditur questus, simulachra coloni Pallida, defunctas{que} vident migrare figuras.

There is a place towarde Ocean sea•…•… from brimme of Gallish shoare, Wherein Vlysses pilgrime straunge wyth offred bloude ygoare, The people there dyd mooue, A skritching shrill from dungeon lugge The dwellers all appale wyth gastly galpe of grisly bugge. The •…•…onely shapes are seene to stare with visage wanne and sad, From nouke to nouke, from place to place, in elfishe skippes to gad.

They that repayre to this place for deuo∣tion his take vse to continue therin foure and twenty houres, which doing otherwhyle with ghostly meditacions, and otherwhyle a dread for the conscience of their desertes, they says they sée a playne resemblaunce of their owne faultes and vertues, with the horrour & com∣fort therevnto belonging, the one •…•…o terrible, the other so ioyous, that they veryly déeme themselues for the time to haue sight of hell & heauen. The reuelatiōs of men that went thither (S. Patricke yet lyuing) are kept wrytten within the Abbeye there adioyning: When any personne is disposed to enter (for the doore is euer sparde) he repayreth first for deuise to the Archebishop,* 1.210 who casteth all pe∣ricles, and diswadeth the pylgrime from the attempt, bicause it is knowen, that diuers en∣tering into that caue, neuer were séene to turne backe againe. But if the partie be fully resolued, he recommendeth him to the Prior, who in like maner fauourably exhorteth him to choose some other kinde of pennaunce, and

not to hazard such a daunger. If notwithstan∣ding he finde the partie fully bent, he conduc∣teth him to the Church, enioyneth him to be∣ginne with prayer, and fast of fiftéene dayes, so long togither as in discretion can be endu∣red. This tyme expyred, if yet he perseuer in his former purpose, the whole conuent accō∣panyeth him with sollem procession and bene∣diction to the mouth of the caue, where they let him in, and so barre vp the doore vntill the next morning. And then wyth lyke ceremo∣nies they awayte his returne and reduce him to the Churche. If he be séene no more, they fast and pray, fiftéene dayes after. Touching the credite of these matters, I sée no cause, but a Christian being perswaded, that there is both hell and heauen may without vanitie vppon sufficient information be perswaded, that it might please God, at sometyme, for considerations to his wisedome knowen, to reueale by myracle the vision of ioyes and paynes eternall. But that altogither in such sorte, and by such maner, and so ordinarily, and to such persons, as the common fame doth vtter, I neyther beléeue, nor wishe to be regarded. I haue conferde with diuers, that had gone this pilgrimage, who affirmed the order of the premisses to be true, but that they saw no sight, saue onely fearefull dreames, when they chaunced to nodde, and those they sayde, were excéeding horrible. Further they added, that the fast is rated more or lesse ac∣cording to the qualitie of the penitent.

* 1.211Cambriense affirmeth, that in the North of Mounster there be two Islandes, the greater and the lesse. In the greater there neuer en∣tereth womā or any liuing female, but foorth∣with it dyeth. This haue béene often prooued by bytches and cattes, which were brought thither to trie this conclusion, and presently they dyed. In this Island the cocke or mascle byrdes are séene to chirppe, and pearche vp & downe the twigs, but y^e hēne or female by in∣stinct of nature abādoneth it, as a place vtter∣ly poysoned. This Islande were a place alone for one that were vexed with a shrewd wyfe. The lesse Islande is called Insula viuentium,* 1.212 bicause none died there, ne may dye by course of nature, as Giraldus Cambriense sayeth.

Howbeit the dwellers, when they are sore frusht with sickenesse, or so farre wythered with age as there is no hope of life, they re∣quest to be cōueighed by boate to y^e greater I∣sland, where they are not sooner inshored, then they yéelde vp their ghostes. For my part, I haue béene very inquisitiue of this Island, but I coulde neuer finde this estraunge propertie soothed by any man of credite in the whole country. Neither truely would I wish any to be so light, as to lende his credite to any such fayned gloses, as are neyther veryfied by ex∣perience nor warranted by any coulourable reason. Wherefore I see not why it shoulde be termed Insula viuentium, vnlesse it be that none dyeth there, as long as the liueth.* 1.213 Cam∣briense telleth further, that there is a Church∣yarde in Vlster, which no female kinde may enter. If the Cocke be there, the Henrie da∣reth not followe. There is also in y^e west part of Connaght an Islande, placed in the sea,* 1.214 called Aren, to which S. Brendan had often recourse. The dead bodies néede not in that Island to be graueled. For the ayre is so pure that the contagiō of any carryen may not in∣fect it. There, as Cambriense sayeth, may the sonne sée his father, his graundefather, hys great graundefather. &c. This Island is ene∣mie to Mize. For none is brought thither, but eyther it leapeth into the sea, or else being stayed, it dyeth presently.

There was in Kyldare an auncient monu∣ment named the Fyrehouse, wherein,* 1.215 Cam∣briense sayeth, was there continuall fire kept day and night, & yet the ashes neuer encrea∣sed. I traueyled of set purpose to the towne of Kyldare to sée this place, where I dyd sée such a monument lyke a vaute, which to this day they call the firehouse.

Touching the heath of Kyldare Cambriense wryteth that it maye not be tylde,* 1.216 and of a certayntie within these fewe yeares it was tryed, and founde, that the corne, which was sowed, dyd not prooue. In this playne, sayth Cambriense, stoode the stones that now stande in Salisbury playne,* 1.217 which were conueyed from thence by the sleight of Merlyne the Welshe prophete, at the request of Aurelius Ambrosius king of the Britons.

There is also in the countye of Kyldare a goodly fielde called Moollcaghmast betwéene the Norrough and Kylka.* 1.218 Diuers blinde pro∣phesies runne of this place, that there shall be a bloudie fielde fought there betwene y^e Enge∣lishe inhabitantes of Irelande and the Irish, and so bloudy forsooth it shall be, that a myll in a vale harde by it shall run foure & twentie houres with the streame of bloude that shall powre downe from the hill. The Irish doubt∣lesse repose a great affiaunce in this baldock∣tom dreame. In the top of this height stande motes or roundels very formally fashioned, where the strength of the English armie, as they say, shall be encamped.

The Earle of Sussex being Lorde Liuete∣naunt of the Irelande was accustomed to wishe,* 1.219 that if any such prophesie were to be fulfilled, it shoulde happen in his gouernement, to the ende he might be generall of the fielde.

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cut in white wyth a great manye of blacke crosses vpon it.* 1.220 An Archbishop within thrée monethes after his consecration or confir∣mation ought to demaunde his pall, other∣wyse he may be remooued: neyther ought he to name himselfe Archbishop before the •…•…e∣ceyte,* 1.221 neither may be before summon or call, a councell, make Chrisme, dedicate churches giue orders, consecrate Bishoppes. He may not were his pa•…•… without the church, neither in other prouinces, albeit in an other pro∣uince he may be in his Pontificalibus, so that Pontificalia differeth from the pall.

* 1.222Furthermore, an Archbishop may not lend his pall to an other, but it ought to be inter∣red, wyth him. But to returne to Patricius, hys tyme was but short, for soone after, as he was crossing the seas to Dublyne warde, he was drowned with his copassengers, y^e same yeare that he was consecrated, the nynth of October.

* 1.223Donatus of some called Bungus succéeded Patricious & likewyse consecrated by Lan∣francus Archbishoppe of Canterbury, at the instaunce of Terdilnacus king of Irelande, the bishoppes of Irelande, the cleargie & the Citizens of Dublyn, he deceased in the yeare 1095.* 1.224 Samuel succéeded Donatus, and dyed in the yeare 1122. Gregorius dyd not succéede immediately after Samuel for there he thir∣tie yeares betwéene them both, This Grego∣rius was the first Metrapolitan of Dublyne and was consecrated Archbishop in the yeare 1152.* 1.225 and dyed in the yeare 1162.

* 1.226S. Laurentius Othothille. This Prelate was first Abbot of S. Keuins in Glindelagh, and after he was solemnely consecrated and installed in Christ church at Dublyne by Ge∣lacius the Primas of Armach, and not by Canterbury as the Bishoppes of Dublyne were before the pall giuen them. He dyed in Normandie, and was buryed in our Ladye churche of Angy in the yeare 1180. the four∣téene of Nouember.

Iohanne Commin, an Englishman succée∣ded Laurence. This famous Prelate being cleystered vp in the Abbeye of Ensham in Worcestershyre was highly renowned of all men as well for his déepe learning, as for the integritie of his lyfe. The cleargie of Dublyne being giuen to vnderstande of so woorthie a clarcke became hūble peticioners to the king his maiestie, Henry the seconde, that through his meanes such an vnualuable iewell shoulde be installed in Laurence hys dignitie. The king bowing to their earnest suite agréed, he shoulde be consecrated their Archbishop.* 1.227 Which was an happy houre for that countrey. For besides the great trauaile he endured in edifying his flocke in Christian religion, he was fou•…•…then of S. Patricke, hys churche in Dublyne, as is before; specifyed▪ He deceased in the yere 1018. and was en•…•…∣bed in the choare of Christ church.

Henry Londres succeeded C•…•…n. This man was nicknamed Scorchebull, or Scor∣chevilleyn, the ought his occasion, Being set∣led in his sée he gaue cōmandements to all her tenauntes to make their appar•…•…iuer: before him at a day appointed, and for that he was rawe as yet in his reuenues, he tooke it to stande best with their ease and, quietnesse, and his cōmoditie, that ache of them should shew their euidences, whereby he might learne, by what tenure they héelde of him. His •…•…ants mistrusting no slattish dealing, but cōstruing all to be ment for the best, deliuered their eui∣dences to their Lande lorde, who dyd scantly well peruse them, when he flame them all in the fire. The pore tenauntes e•…•…ing, this subtyll prancke to be •…•…erye vnsitting for a Bishoppe, coulde not bridle their to•…•…ges, but brake out an a sodayne: Thou an flecheby∣shop? Nay, thou art a Scorche villayn.* 1.228 But it could not be gr•…•…shed to what •…•…de this fact of his tended, for notwithstanding this, the tenants enioyed their landes 〈…〉〈…〉 he did it bycause they should be but 〈◊〉〈◊〉 at will, and so to stande to his denoti•…•…. This prelate doubtlesse was politicke, & well lettered, and for his wysedome and learning he was elec∣ted L. Iustice of Irelande. He was the foun∣der of the castle of Dubline as is before men∣tioned. He de•…•…sed in the yeare 1225. & lyeth buryed in Christ church.* 1.229 Wherby appeareth that Mathaeus Parisi ensin dyd ouershoote him∣selfe in writing one Hu, or Hugo, to be Arch∣bishop of Dublyne: in the yeare 1213. wheras Landres at that tyme was in the sée, as seene his consecration to his death, may be gathe∣red, being the space of thirtéene yeares.

Iohanne Stamforde succéeded Londres, but not immediately, and was consecrated in the yeare 1285. this man,* 1.230 vpon the death of Stepha•…•… Fistborne, Archbishoppe of Tune, was made L. Iustice of Ireland in the yeare 1287.* 1.231 And soone after being in Englande he was sent from Edwarde the first as Ambas∣sadour to the Frenche king, and vpon his re∣turne he deceased in England, and soone after was buryed in S. Patricke his Churche at Dublyne.

Willielme Hothour is placed by some antiquaries to be Archbishoppe of Dublyne much about this time,* 1.232 but whether the man haue béene installed in this Sée at all or no, I am not able to affirme, nor to denye, but cer∣tayne it is that the date is mistaken, for vpon

Iohanne Stamforde his death, Richard Fle∣ringes was consecrated Archbishop of Du∣blyne,* 1.233 betwéene whome & the Lord Edmund Butler there arose a great controuersie in law, touching the maner of Hollywood wyth the appurtenances. Which manour the Lord Butler recouered by an arbitrement or com∣position taken betwéene them in the king his benche at Dublyne. This prelate departed this lyfe in the yeare 1306.* 1.234

Richard de Haueringes was successour to Fle•…•…ges, who after that he had continued néere the space of fiue yeares in the Sée, was sore appalled by reason of an estraunge and woonderfull dreame. For on a certayne night he imagined that he had séene an vglye mon∣ster standing on his breast,* 1.235 who, to his thinc∣king, was more weightie, then the whole worlde, in so much as being, as he thought in maner squised or prest to death with the heft of this huge monster, he woulde haue depar∣ted with the whole substaunce of the worlde, if he were thereof possest, to be disburdened of so heauie a loade. Vpon which wish he sod∣daynly awooke. And as he bette his braynes in diuining what this dreame should import, he bethought himself of the flocke committed to his charge, howe that he gathered then fléeres yearely by receyuing the reuenue and perquisites of the Bishopricke, and yet suffe∣red his flocke to starue for lacke of preaching and teaching. Wherefore being for his for∣mer flacknesse, sore wounded in conscience, he traueyled with all spéede to Rome, where he resigned vp his Bishopricke, a burden to heauie for his weake shoulders, & being vpon his resignation competently benificed, he be∣stowed the remnaunt of his life wholly in de∣notion.

* 1.236Iohanne Leche nephew to Haueri•…•…ges, vpon the resignation, was consecrated Arch∣bishop. This prelate was at contention wyth the Primas of Armach, for their iurisdictiōs, insomuch as he did imberre the Primas frō hauing his crosse borne before him within the prouince of Leinster,* 1.237 which was contra•…•…e to the Canon law, that admitteth the cros•…•… to beare the crosse before his Archbishop in an other prouince. This man deceases in the yeare 1313.

* 1.238Alexander Bigenor was next Leche con∣secrated Archebishop with the whole cons•…•…ne aswel of the chapter of Christ church as of S. Patrickes. Howbeit vpon the death of Leche there arose a sysme and diuision betwéene Walter Thornebury L. Cācelloure of Ire∣lande & Bigenor then theas•…•…rer of the same countrey. The Cancellour to further his e∣lection determined to haue posted to 〈◊〉〈◊〉, but in y^e way he was drowned w^t the number of 156. passengers. Bigenor staying in Ire∣lande, with lesse aduenture and better spéede with the consent of both the chapters was e∣lected Archbishop. And in the yere 1317. there came bulles from Rome to confirme the for∣mer election. At which tyme the Archbishop and the Earle of Vlster were in Englande.* 1.239 This prelate soone after returned L. Iustice of Irelande, and soone after he had landed at Yoghyll, he went to Dublyne, where as well for his spirituall iurisdiction, as his temporal promotion he was receyued with procession and great solemnitie.* 1.240 In this man his tyme was there an Vi•…•…et fifte foūded in Dublin, whereof M. William Rodyarde was chaun∣cellour, a well learned man and one that pro∣céeded Doctor of the canon lawe in this Vni∣uersitie. Bigenor deceased in the yeare .1349.* 1.241

Iohanne de saint Paule was consecrated Archbishop vpon Bigenor his death. He de∣ceased in the yeare .1362.

Thomas Mynot succéeded Iohanne,* 1.242 & dyed in the yeare 1376.

Robert Wyckeford succéeded Thomas,* 1.243 & dyed in the yeare 1390.

Robert Wald•…•…by succéeded Wykeforde.* 1.244 This prelate was first an Augustine Fryer, and a great Preacher, and accompted a ver∣tuous and sincere liuer. He deceased in the yeare 1397.

•…•…cha•…•… P•…•…thalis was remooued from an other Sée and chosen Archbishop of Dublyn,* 1.245 w•…•… 〈◊〉〈◊〉 deceased the same yeare that he was elected.

Thomas Crauly an Englishe man succée∣ded •…•…at the same yeare, and came into Ire∣land in the companie of the Duke of Surrey. This Archbishoppe was chosen L. Iustice of Ireland in the yere 1413.* 1.246 In whose gouerne∣ment the English did skirmish with the Irish in the countye of Kyldare néere Kilka,* 1.247 where the English vanquished the enemie, fiue and hundred of the Irishe, during which 〈◊〉〈◊〉 the Archbishop being Lord Iustice went in pro∣cession with the whole cleargy in T•…•…stelder∣mot, or Castledermot, a towne adioyning to Kylka, praying for the prosperous successe of the subiects, that went to skirmishe with the enemie. This prelate was of stature fall, well •…•…ed, and of a sanguine complexion, dec∣•…•…ing h•…•… outwarde comlynesse with inwarde quantities. For he was so liberall to the riche, so charitable to the poore, so déepe a clarcke, so profounde a Doctor, so sounde a Preacher, so vertuous a liuer, and so great a builder, a•…•… he was not without good cause accompted the Phoenix of his time. In daily talke as he was short, so he was swéete. Harde in promising,

bountifull in performing. In the yere 1417. he sayled into England, and ended his life at Faringdō, and was buried in New colledge at Oxford.

* 1.248In the yere 1439. There hath bene one Ri∣chard Archbishop of Dubline, and L. Iustice of Ireland, before whom a Parliament was holden at Dublin, in the xviij. yeare of the reigne of king Henry the sixt.

* 1.249In the yeare 1460. Walter was Archbi∣shop of Dublin, and deputie to Iasper Duke of Bedford, lieuetenaunt of Ireland. I found in an auncient register the names of certain bishops of Kyldare,* 1.250 that were in that sée since the tyme of S. Brigid: the names of whome I thought good here to insert.

• Lony was bishoppe in S. Brigides tyme, which was about the yeare of our lord.* 1.251 448.
• ...2. Inor.
• ...3. Conly.
• ...4. Donatus.
• ...5. Dauid.
• ...6. Magnus.
• ...7. Richard.
• ...8. Iohn.
• ...9. Simon.
• ...10. Nicholas.
• ...11. Walter.
• ...12. Richard.
• ...13. Thomas.
• ...14. Robart.
• ...15. Bonifacius.
• ...16. Madogge.
• ...17. William.
• ...18. Galfride.
• ...19. Richard.
• ...20. Iames.
• ...21. Wale.
• ...22. Baret.
• 23. Edmunde Lane, who flourished in the yeare, 1518.

There hath bene a worthy prelate, canon by y^e cathedrall church of Kildare, named Mau∣rice Iak,* 1.252 who among the rest of his charita∣ble déedes, builded the bridge of Kilcoollenne, and the next yeare followyng,* 1.253 he builded in lyke maner the bridge of Leighlinne, to the great and daily commoditie of all such as are occasioned to trauaile in those quarters.

The lordes temporall, as well English as Irishe, which inhabite Ireland. Chap. 6.

GIrald fitz Girald, Erle of Kildare. This house was of the nobilitie of Florence, came from thence to Normandy, and so with Erle Strangbow his kinsmā, whose armes he giueth, into Wales, néere of bloud to Rise ap Griffin, prince of Wales by Necta the mother of Maurice fitz Girald and Robart fitz stephannes, with the sayd Earle Maurice fitz Girald remoued into Ireland, in y^e yeare 1169.* 1.254 The family is very properly toucht in a Sonet of Surreys, made vpon the Erle of Kildares sister, now Countesse of Lincolne.

From Tusca•…•…e came my Ladies worthy race, Fayre Florence was sometyme hir auncient seate: The Westerne Isle, whose pleasant shoare doth face W•…•…ylde Cambers cliffes, did gyue hir liuely heate. Fastred she was with milke of Irish brest. Hir sire an Earle, hir dome of princes bloūd, From tender yeares in Britayne she doth rest With kinges childe, where she tasteth costly foode. Hunsdon did first present hir to mine eyne, Bright is hir hew, and Giraldine she hight, Hampton me taught, to wishē hir first for myne: And Wyndsor, alas, doth chase me from hir sight. Hir beauty of kinde, hir vertues from aboue, Happy is he, that can obteyne hir loue.

The corrupt Orthography that diuers vse in writing this name, doth incorporate it to houses thereto linked in no kinrede, and con∣sequētly blemisheth diuers worthy exploites atchieued as well in England and Irelande, as in forreine countreis and dominiōs. Some write Gerolde, sundry Geralde, diuers very corruptly Gerrot, others Gerarde. But the true Orthography is Giralde, as may ap∣peare both by Giraldus Cambriense, and the Italian authors that make mention of the fa∣mily. As for Gerrot, it differeth statte from Giralde, yet there be some in Irelande, that name and write themselues Gerrottes, not∣withstanding they be Giraldines, wherof di∣uers gentlemen are in Méeth. But there is a sept of the Gerrots in Irelād, and they séeme forsooth by threatning kyndnesse and kinrede of the true Giraldines to fetch their petit de∣grees from their auncestours, but they are so néere of bloud one to the other, that two bu∣shels of beanes woulde scantly counte theyr degrées.

An other reason why diuers estrange hou∣ses haue bene shuffled in among this familie, was, for that sundry gentlemē at the christe∣nyng of their children, would haue them na∣med Giraldes, and yet their surnames were of other houses; and if after it happened that Girald had issue Thomas, Iohn, Robert, or such lyke, then would they beare the surname of Girald, as Thomas fitz Girald, and thus takyng the name of their auncestors for their surname, within two or thrée discantes they shooue themselues among the kinrede of the Giraldines. This is a generall faulte in Ire∣land and Wales, and a great confusion and extinguishment of houses. This noble & aun∣cient family of the Giraldines, haue in sun∣drye ages flourished in the most renoumed countries of Europe. Warring fitz Giralde was one in great credite with king Iohn.* 1.255 I finde an other Giraldine Archiepiscopus Bur∣degalensis, who flourished in king Henry the thirde his tyme. There was an other Gi∣raldine Patriarch of Ierusalem,* 1.256 in the yeare 1229. as witnesseth Mattheus Parisiēsis. There was one Girald of Berueyl an excellēt Poet in the Italian tongue:* 1.257 an other named Bap∣tist Girald, was a famous citizen of Ferra∣ra,

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of the baron of Ophaly, whereas the contrary ought to be inferd, that if a pryuate person can tame the Irish, what may thē the publique Ma∣gistrate doe, that hath the Princes pay.

But in deede it is harde to take Hares with Foxes. You must not thinke, master Vescy, that you were sent gouernour into Ireland, to dan∣dle your trulles, to penne your selfe vp within a towne or citie, to giue rebels the gaze, to pill the subiects, to animate traytors, to fil your cofers, to make your selfe by marring true men, to ga∣ther the birdes whilest other beate the bushes, & after to impeach the nobilitie of such treasons, as you onely haue committed?

But for as much as our mutual complaints stande vpon the one his Yea, and the other hys Nay, and that you would be taken for a cham∣pion, and I am knowen to be no cowarde: let vs, in Gods name, leaue lying for varlettes, berdyng for ruffians, facing for crakers, chat∣ting for twatlers, scoldyng for callets, bookyng for scriueners, pleadyng for Lawyers, and lette vs try with the dynt of swoorde, as become mar∣tiall men to doe, our mutuall quarrelles. Wher∣fore to iustifie that I am a true subiect, and that thou. Vescy, art an archetraytor to God and to my King, here in the presence of hys highnesse, and in the hearyng of this honourable assembly I challenge the combat.* 1.258

Whereat all the audi∣tory shouted.

Nowe in good fayth, quoth Vescye, with a right good will. Wherevpon bothe the parties beyng dismist vntill the Kings pleasure were further knowne, it was agreed at length by the counsayle, that the fittest tryal should haue bene by battayle. Wherefore the parties beyng as well thereof aduertised, as the day by the King appoynted, no small prouision was made for so eager a combat, as that was presupposed to haue bene. But when the prefixed day ap∣proched neere, Vescy, turnyng his great boaste to small rost, beganne to crye creake, and secrete∣ly sayled into Fraunce.* 1.259 King Edwarde, there∣of aduertised, bestowed Vescyes Lordships of Kyldare and Rathymgan on the Baron of O∣phaly, saying that albeit Vescy conueyed hys person into Fraunce, yet he left his lands behind him in Ireland.

* 1.260The Baron returned to Irelande with the gratulation of all his friendes, and was created Earle of Kildare, in the ix. yeere of Edward the second his raigne, the xiiij. of May. He deceased at Laraghbrine (a village neere to Maynooth) in the yeare 1316. and was buried at Kildare, so that he was Erle but one yeare.

* 1.261The house of Kildare among diuers giftes, wherewith God hath aboundauntly endued it, is for one singuler pointe greatly to bee admi∣red, that notwithstandyng the seuerall assaults of diuers enimies in sundry ages, yet this Earle that now liueth, is the tenth Earle of Kildare, to whom from Iohn the first Earle, there hath alwayes continued a lineall descent from father to sonne, which truely in mine opinion is a great blessing of God.

And for as much as this Erle now liuyng, as his Auncesters before him, haue bene shrewd∣ly shooued at by his euill willers, saying that he is able, but not willyng to profite hys countrey: the Poesie that is framed for him, runneth in this wise.

Quid possim, iactant: quid vellem, scire recusant: Vtraque Reginae sint, rogo, nota meae.

His eldest sonne is Lorde Giralde,* 1.262 Baron of Ophaly, for whom these verses are made.

Te pulchrum natura facit, fortuna potentem, Te faciat Christi norma, Giralde, bonum.

Syr Thomas Butler Erle of Ormond and Ossery.* 1.263 The Butlers were auncient English gentlemen, and worthy seruitors in all ages.

Theobald Butler Lorde of Carrick,* 1.264 & Iohn Cogan were Lorde Iustices of Ireland. This Butler died in the Castle of Arckelow, in the yeare 1285.

The Lord Theobald Butler the yonger, and Sonne to the elder Theobald, was sente for by Edwarde the first, to serue against the Scots. This noble man deceased at Turny, and his bo∣dy was conneighed to Wency, a towne in the countie of Lymmericke.

Sir Edmund Butler a wise and valiaunt noble man,* 1.265 was dubbed knight at London by Edward the second.

This man beyng appoynted lieuetenant of Irelande, vppon the repayre of Iohn Wogan, (who before was Lorde Iustice) to Englande,* 1.266 besieged the Obrenies in Glyndalory: and were it not that they submitted themselues to the Kyng and the Lieuetenantes mercy, they had not bene onely for a season vanquisshed, but al∣so vtterly by him extirped. This noble man was in his gouernment suche an encourager and furtherer of seruitors, as that hee dubd on Saint Michael the Archangels day: 30.* 1.267 knights in the castle of Dublin. Hee was a scourge to the Scottes that inuaded Ireland,* 1.268 when he was Lieuetenant. He discomfiteth Omourgh a no∣torious rebell, neare a towne named Baly le∣than. After diuers victorious exploites by him atchieued, he sayled into England,* 1.269 and so to Hi∣spayne in pilgrimage to S. Iames.* 1.270 Vpon his returne to England, he deceased at London, and his body beyng conueyghed into Ireland, was entoombed at Ballygauran.

Iames Butler Erle of Ormond, was Lord Iustice of Ireland, in the yeare, 1359.* 1.271

The Lord Butler and Vicecount Thurles, was dubo knight by Henry the sixte in Eng∣lande, in the yeare 1425. at whiche tyme sir Iames Butler,* 1.272 sir Iohn Butler, sir Rafe But∣ler, were in like maner knighted.

* 1.273Iames Butler, who maryed the Earle of Herfordes daughter, was preferred to the Erle∣dome of Ormond in the first yeare of Edwarde the thirde: whiche fell vpon the heyres generall, lastly vpon sir Thomas Butler Erle of Wil∣shyre, after whom it reuersed to Pierce Butler, whom a little before King Henry the viij. had created Erle of Ossery. I read Butler Erle of Tipperary in the yeare 1300.* 1.274 The Latin hi∣story calleth him Dominum de pincerna, the En∣glish le Butler. Whereby it appeareth, hee had some such honour aboute the Prince. His very surname is Becket, who was aduaunced by Henry the secondes eldest sonne, Lorde Butler in recompence of the death of Thomas of Can∣terbury theyr kinnesman. His eldest sonne is Lord Butler, Vicounte Thurles. For the Erle now liuyng, these verses are made.

Magnus Auns, maiorque pater, sed Natus vtroque Corporis aut animi non bonitate minor.

* 1.275Girald fitz Girald Erle of Desmond.

Maurice fitz Thomas a Giraldine, was created Erle of Desmond the same yeare, soone after that Butler became Erle of Ormonde. His eldest sonne is Lord fitz Girald of Desmōd. The Erle now liuyng, thus speaketh.

Euasi tandem, iactatus fluctibus alti, Et precor, in portu sit mea tuta ratis.

* 1.276Sir Richard Bourke Erle of Clenrickard. A braunche of the Englishe family de Burgo. The Bourkes haue bene auncient noble menne before theyr commyng to Ireland: and in olde tyme they haue bene Erles of Vlster. Hys el∣dest sonne is Lorde Bourke Baron of Enykel∣line. His verse is this.

Quam mihi maiorum famam bona gesta dederunt, Hanc mihi natorum barbara facta negant.

* 1.277Connogher Obren Erle of Tomonde: the name of Erle giuen to Murragh Obrene for terme of lyfe,* 1.278 and after to Donogh Obrene, in the fifte yeare of the raigne of Edwarde the sixte nowe confirmed to the heyres males. Hys eldest sonne is Baron of Ibracan. Vpon the Erle now liuyng, this fantasie was deuised.

Non decet externos, sine eausa quaerere reges, Cum licet in tuta viuere pace domi.

* 1.279Mack Carty More Erle of Clencare, crea∣ted in the yeare 1565.

* 1.280Vicecount Barry.

Vicecount Roche.

Preston Vicecount of Gormanstowne: where∣to is lately annexed the Barony of Lawne∣dresse. One of theyr auncestours Sir Robert Preston,* 1.281 then chiefe Baron of the Eschequer was dubd knight in the field by Lionel Duke of Cla•…•…nce. This gentleman matcht in wedlocke with Margaret Bermingham lady of Carbry, who deceased in the yeare 1361. After whose death sir Robert Preston was seysed of the sayd Lordship in the right of his wife,* 1.282 and beyng mo∣lested by rebels, placed a garrison in the castle, whereby the subiects were greatly eased, and the rebels dayly annoyed.

There hath bene another sir Robert Preston of this house,* 1.283 greate graundfather to the Vice∣count now liuyng. This gentleman was de∣putie to Richard, second sonne to Edward the fourth, in the xvj. yeare of the reygne of his fa∣ther: and after likewyse in the reigne of Henry the seuenth,* 1.284 hee was deputie to Iasper Duke of Bedford, Erle of Pembroke, and Lieuetenaunt of Ireland, & at the same time was he appointed by the King generall receyuer of his reuenue in Ireland. How wisely this noble man behaued hymselfe in peace, and how valiauntly he bequit himselfe in warre, sundry of King Henry the se∣uenth his letters to him, beyng deputie, addres∣sed, do manifestly witnesse. There was a parlia∣ment holden before him at Drogheda, whiche was repealed in the x. yeare of Henry y^e seuēth.* 1.285

Sir Christopher Preston was dubd knight in the fielde by Edmund Erle of March,* 1.286 Lorde deputie of Ireland. William Preston was L. Iustice of Ireland in Henry the eyghts reigne. The house is auncient planted in Lankashyre,* 1.287 and from thence departed into Ireland, beyng to this day seysed of a manour in Lankashyre, named of the house Preston. The Vicount now liuyng speaketh in this wyse.

Si quantum vellem, tantum me posse putarem, Nota esset patriae mens mea firma meae.

Eustace aliâs Powar,* 1.288 Vicounte of Baltin∣glasse, Lord of Kyleullen to him and his heyres males, the 34. yeare of Henry the eight.* 1.289 Theyr auncestor Robart le Pouar, was sent into Ire∣lande with commission, and hys offpryng hath rested there since the yeare 1175.

Powar aliâs Eustace is written Baron of Domuyle in the yeare 1317.* 1.290 The Vicountes poesie now liuing, is this.

Cum bonus ipse manes, an non laus magna pu∣tatur, Prudenter cuiuis posse placere viro?

* 1.291Sir Richard Butler Vicount Mountgaret to him and his heyres males in the fift yeare of Edward the sixt.* 1.292

Vicount Deece.* 1.293

Lord Bermingham Baron of Athenry,* 1.294 now degenerate and become meere Irishe, agaynst whom his auncestors serued valiauntly in the yeare 1300.

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Regna dat alta tibi, damna dat ampl•…•… tuis. Laetus es in coelis vllo sine fine t•…•…plians, Moestus at in terris diues mops{que} moet. Nam sapiente caret diues, qui parta gubernet, Nec, qui det misero munera, pauper habet. Te gener ipse caret, viduce, te rustica turba, At{que} vrbana cohors, te (socer aline) caret. Non est digna viro talis respublica can•…•…, Nam sanctos sedes non nisi sancta do•…•…. Mira loquor, sed vera loquor, nō ficta reuoluo, Si maiora loquar, nil nisi vera loquar. Mortuus es? nobis hoc crimina nostra dedecrūt. Mortuus es? virtus hoc tibi sacra dedit. Viuus es in coelo, dedit hoc tibi gratia Christi Viuus vt in mundo sis, tibi fama dabit.

For the L. of Trimlestowne now liuing, this was deuised.

Quod mihi vita dedit, fratri Mors seua negauit Quod dederat fratri, det mihi fama precor.

* 1.295Edward Butler Baron of Donboyne, gi∣uen to Edmund Butler Esquier, & his heires males,* 1.296 anno H. octaui .33. For the Baron now liuyng, these verses are made.

Dum sequitur natus summi vestigia patris Filius optato tramite cuncta ger•…•….

* 1.297Syr Barnaby fitz Patricke Baron of Vp∣per Ossery, giuen to Barnaby Mack gullo∣patricke & his heyres males in the .xxxiij. yere of Henry the eight.* 1.298 Donat Clo•…•…agh mack∣gylpatrike was a peerelesse warriour in the yere 1219. Syr Barnaby fitz Patrike, now L. of Vpper Ossery, was dubt knight by y^e duke of Northfolke at the siege of Lieth at Scot∣land:* 1.299 for whom these verses are made.

Principis in gremio summi nutritus & altus Hausit ab illustri regia dona schola.

* 1.300Pluncket, Baron of Louth, to sir Christo∣fer Pluncket and his heyres males,* 1.301 anno H. 8 33. This Barony was an Erledome pertey∣nyng to the Berminghams, in the yere 1316. and sooner. For the Baron now liuyng, this was deuised.

Nobilis, ingenuus, firmis quo{que} firmus amicis, Nubila seu coelum luxue serena regat.

* 1.302Oneyle, Baron of Dongauon, to whom the Erledome of Tyrone was entayled by gifte of Henry the eight.

* 1.303Powar, Baron of Curraghmore.

Mack Surtan, L. Desert, hys auncestours were Lordes in the tyme of Lionel Duke of Clarence, Erle of Vlster, in the yeare 1360. now very wyld Irish.

* 1.304Murragh Obrene, Baron of Insirkoyne, to hym and his heyres males an H. 8.35.* 1.305

* 1.306There are besides thesenoble men, certain gentlemen of worship, commonly called Ba∣ronets, whom the ruder sort doth register a∣mong the nobilitie, by termyng thē corruptly Barons, wheras in very déede they are to be •…•…ed neyther Barons, nor Baronets, •…•…ut Banrets. He is properly called a Banret,* 1.307 whose father was no carpet •…•…ight, but 〈◊〉〈◊〉 in the field vnder the hanner or ensigne. And because it is not v•…•… for any to be a •…•…ight by birth, the eldest sōne of such a knight with his heyres, is 〈◊〉〈◊〉 a Bannerr•…•…, or a Ban∣•…•…. Such are they that here ensue,

Sentleger, Banret of Flemarge, •…•…re I∣rishe.

Don, Bāret of Pormanst own, 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Irish,

Fitz Girald, Banret of Barnet •…•…ch.

We•…•…esly, Banret of the Noreagh.

Husey, Banret of Ealtrim.

S. Mighel, Banret of Serme.

Nangle, Banret of the Na•…•….

English gentlemen of longest con•…•…aunce in Ireland, are those which at this day eyther in great pouerty or perill do kepe these proper∣ties of theyr auncestors landes in Vlster, be∣yng then companions to Courey, the conque∣rour and Erle of that part. These are the Sa∣uages, Iordanes, fitz Symons, Chamber∣laines, Russels, Bensons, Andeleis, Whites, fitz Vrsulles, now degenerate, and called in Irish Mack Mahon, the Beares sonne.

The names or surnames of the learned men and authors of Ireland. Chap. 7.

ARdericus,* 1.308 whome Marianus Scotus ter∣meth Barbosus, because of his long beare a learned man greatly in olde time re•…•…∣med in Irelande. But for as much as in his age the countrey was not stored with such as employed theyr labours in gatheryng toge∣ther the sayings and doyngs of sage persons, the discontinuaunce of hys fame is rather to be imputed to the ignoraunce of the tyme, thē to the want of hys desertes. He flourished in the yere 1053.

Alen, a learned Phisition.* 1.309

Iames Archer, a student of diuinitie.* 1.310

Argobastus, the second bishop of Argentine,* 1.311 successor to the holy prelate S. Amand, borne in Ireland, a learned and deuout clarke: who leauyng his country and liuyng in Heremite wyse, in certayne solitary places of France, instructed the people of that realme in y^e feare of God, and the knowledge of the scriptures. In hys preaching he was noted to haue so sin∣guler a grace, and so prosperous successe, that such as were by any worldly misaduenture afflicted, vpon the hearyng of his godly ser∣mons would sodenly be cōforted. The French kyng Dagobertus, aduertised of his lerning and vertue, caused hym to be sent for, vsing hym as hys chief counsailor in all his waigh∣tie

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* 1.312Edmund Curren, archdecon of old laghtin, there hath bene an Irish Bishop of the name.

* 1.313Patricke Cusacke, a Gentleman borne, and a scholler of Oxforde, sometime schoole∣master in Dublinne, and one that wyth the learning, that God did imparte hym, gaue great light to his countrey. He imployed his studies rather in the instructing of schollers then in penning of bookes. He florished in the yeare, 1566 and wrote in latine Diuersa opigrammata.

* 1.314Daly, schooled in the vniuersities of Parise, hauing a pretty ensight in scholasticall Diui∣nitie, he made Diuersas Conciones.

* 1.315Sir Willicline Darcy Knight, a wise gen∣tleman, he wrote a booke entituled, The de∣cay of Irelande.

* 1.316Dauid Delahide, an exquisite and a profoūd Clarke, sometime fellow of Merton colledge in Oxforde, very well séene in the latine and gréeke tongue. Expert in the Mathemati∣cals, a proper antiquary, & an exact Diuine. Whereby I gather, that his penne hath not bene lazie, but is dailye bréeding of such lear∣ned bookes, as shal be apaileable to his poste∣ritie. I haue séene a proper Oration of hys, in the praise of master Heiwood being Christ∣masse Lorde in Merton colledge, entituled, De ligno et foeno 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Scemata rhetorica in tabulam co•…•…rācta.

* 1.317Deorox, there are two brethrē of the na•…•…e learned, the elder was some•…•…e schoolemai∣ster in Wesseford.

* 1.318Peter Dyllon, a Diuine, and Iohn Dyllō likewise a student in Diuinitie.

* 1.319Doudall, sometime primas of •…•…irma•…•…h, a graue, a learned, and a politique prolate. Ve∣ry zealously affected to the reformation of his countrey, he made, Diuersas conciones.

* 1.320Dormer, a lawyer, borne in Rosse, scholler of Oxford. He wrote in ballade royall.

* 1.321The decay of Rosse.

Iohannes duns scotus, an Irishe man borne, as in the forefront of this treatise I haue de∣clared. Howbeit Iohanes maior, a Scottish Chronicler, woulde faine prooue him to be a Scotte. Lelande on the other side sayeth, hée was borne in England: so that there shall as great contencion rise of him, as in olde tyme there rose of Homers coūtrey. For the Colo∣phoniās said that Homer was borne in their citie,* 1.322 the Chijans claymed him to be theirs, the Salamymans adueuched, that hée was their countrey man, but the Smyrneans wer so stiflye bent, in proouing him to bée borne in their territory, as they would at no hand take no nay in the matter, and therevpon they did consecrate a church to the name of Homer. But what countr•…•…ye 〈…〉〈…〉 were, he was doubtless a subtil and profound clearke. The onely fault, wherewith he was 〈◊〉〈◊〉, was a litle spice of 〈◊〉〈◊〉, being giuen to earpe and 〈◊〉〈◊〉 his pr•…•…c•…•…our 〈◊〉〈◊〉 •…•…ines, rather for blemmeshing the time of hys aduirsaryes, then for •…•…ing the truth of the con•…•… 〈…〉〈…〉 gr•…•… 〈◊〉〈◊〉 are gr•…•… in the schooles betweene the Thomistis and 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Tho•…•… being the ringleader of the one sect,* 1.323 and 〈◊〉〈◊〉 belweather of the other. Hee 〈◊〉〈◊〉 of Meesore colledge in Oxforde, 〈…〉〈…〉 he was sent for so Parise to 〈…〉〈…〉 of Diuinitie. Finally he re•…•… 〈…〉〈…〉 wherein an Abbey of gray 〈◊〉〈◊〉 of which profession he 〈◊〉〈◊〉 the ended his life.* 1.324 The bookes he wrote, are these.

• ...Commentarij Oxonienses. lib. 4.
• ...Reportationes pacisienses. lib. 4.
• ...Quodlibeta scholastica. lib. 2.
• ...In •…•…alitica posteitora. lib. 2.
• ...In Metaphisicam questiones. lib. ••••
• ...De Cognitione•…•…e•…•…. lib. 2.
• ...Deperfectione sta•…•…m. lib. •…•….
• ...Sermones de tempore. lib. 1.
• ...Sermones de Sanctis. lib. 1.
• ...Collationes parifienses. lib. 1.
• ...〈◊〉〈◊〉 in Gene•…•…. lib. 1.
• ...De rerum p•…•… lib. 1.
• ...Comme•…•… in •…•…elia. lib. 4.
• ...In epistolas pauli. lib. plures.
• ...Questiones V•…•… 〈◊〉〈◊〉. lib. •…•….
• ...Quaestiones praedicamentorum. lib. 1.
• ...In Aristotelis phisica. lib. 8.
• ...In Categorias Aristotelis. lib. 1.
• ...Tentagreumata quaedam. lib. 1.
• ...Commentarij imperfecti. lib. 1.

Eustace, a Doctor of Diuinitie, a very good schooleman, he florished in the yeare. 1•…•…36.* 1.325

Olifer, or Oliuer Eustace, a student of the ciuile and Cen•…•…law, a good humanitian, & a proper philosopher.

Nicolas Eustace, a Gentleman borne, sur∣passing birth by learning, and learning by vertue.

Maurice Eustace, a student of Diuinitie, one that notwithstanding he were borne to a faire liuing, yet did wholy sequester himselfe from the worlde.

Fagan, bachylour of Arte in Oxford,* 1.326 and schoolemaster in Waterford.

Daniell Ferrayle, a Diuine,* 1.327 and a schoole∣master.

Fergutius, sonne to Ferquhardus king of Irelande, the first king of Scottes,* 1.328 whome some affirme to be borne in Denmarke, the

more part suppose to haue b•…•…e, an Irishmē. He flourished in they •…•…are of the world 2678. and before the •…•…arnation 1292. in the twenty fiue yeare of hys reigne. He was by misad∣uenture drowned néere a rocke in the north of Irelande that of him is called to this days Carregfergus.* 1.329 Vpon whose mishappe those verses were made.

Icarus •…•…ing nomina fecerat vndis Fergusius petrae sic dedit ap•…•…a sime.

This Fergusius wrote a booke intituled, Leges politicae. lib. 1.

* 1.330Finn•…•… was scholar to one Nennius and Sa∣genius, taken for a déepe Deuine in his age. He florished in the yeare .66•…•…. he wrote Pro∣veteri paschali•…•…. lib. •…•….

* 1.331Fielde, a phisition.

Thomas Fielde a master of Art.

* 1.332Iohn fitz Girald, commonlye named Iohn fitz Edmund, a very well letterd Ciuilian, a wyse gentleman, and a good householder.

Robert fitz Girald, aliâs Robert fitz Mau∣rice, borne in the Countie of Kyldare.

Dauid fitz Giralde, vsually called Dauid Duffe, borne in Kery, a Ciuilian, a maker in y^e Irish, not ignorant of musike, skilful in phi∣sike, a good and a generall craftes man, much lyke to Hippias,* 1.333 surpassing all men in y^e mul∣titude of craftes: who commyng on a tyme to Pisa, to the great triumph, called Olympi∣eum, ware nothyng but such as was of hys owne makyng. His shoes, his pattens, hys cloke, hys cote, the ryng that he dyd speare, with a signet therin very perfectly wrongly were all made by hym. He played excellently on all kynde of Instruments and sang there∣to hys owne verses, which no man coulde a∣mend. In all partes of Logike, Rhetorike, a Philosophie he vanquished all men, and was vanquished of none.

* 1.334Richard fitz Rafe, primate of Armach, scho∣ler in the vniuersitie of Oxford, to Bacōthorn a good Philosopher, and no ignoraunt deuine. An enemy to Friers, namely such as went beggyng from dore to dore, whereby he pur∣chased the hatred of all religious persons. He was by Edward the third hys meanes made Archdeacon of Lichfielde, after created Pri∣mate of Armach, beyng cited before Pope Clement the sixt, for reproouyng the beggyng Friers. In the heat of the sayd contention he deceased in Italy,* 1.335 whose bones were caryed into Ireland, and buried at Doudalk, where he was borne. He wrote these bookes ensuing.

• ...De paupertate seruatoris. lib. 7.
• ...Contra fratres mendicantes. lib. 16.
• ...In Extrauagantem Ioannis. 23. lib. 1.
• ...Determinationes ad eundem. lib. 1.
• ...Contra suum Archidiaconum. lib. 1.
• ...Propositiones ad Papam. lib. 1.
• ...Contra fratrum appellationem. lib. 1.
• ...Sermones ad crucem Pauli. lib. 1.
• ...Sermones coram Pontifice. lib. 1.
• ...De statu Vniuersalis Ecclesiae. lib. 1.
• ...Lectura sententiarum. lib. 4.
• ...Quaestiones earundem. lib. 1.
• ...Lectura theologica. lib. 1.
• ...Sermones ad clerum. lib. 1.
• ...Sermones de tempore. lib. 1.
• ...Sermones de Sanctis. lib. •…•…
• ...Mariae laudes Auenioni. lib. 1.
• ...Illustrationes Euangeliorum. lib. 4.
• ...De passione dominica. lib. 1.
• ...De peccato Ignorantiae. lib. 1.
• ...De lure spiritall lib. 1.
• ...De Vafritus Iudae eorum. lib. 1.
• ...Propositionum suarum. lib. 1.
• ...Epistolae ad diuersos. lib. 1.
• ...Dialogi plures. lib. 1.

Walter fitz Symons,* 1.336 Archbishop of Du∣blyn, L. Iustice and L. Chauncellor of Irelād at one tyme, a famous clarke, and exqui•…•…ly learned both in Philosophy and deuinity: be∣yng in company with king Henry the vij. and hearyng an Oration that was made in hys prayse, the kyng demaunded hym, what fault he found most in the Oration: truly quoth he, and if it lyke your highnesse, no fault, sauyng onely that the Oratour flattered, your Maie∣stie ouer much. Now in good fayth, our father of Dublyn (quoth the kyng) we minded to find the same fault our selues.

Thomas fitz Symons, a very proper de∣uine. He wrote in English, a treatise of the Church.

Leonard fitz Symons, a deepe and pithye clarke, well séene in the Gréeke and Latine tongue, somtyme fellow of Trinitie colledge in Oxford, perfect in the Mathamaticals, and a paynefull student in deuinitie. He hath a brother that was trayned vp in learnyng in Cambridge now beneficed in Trim.

Michael fitz Symons, scholemaister in Du∣blyn, a proper student, and a diligent man in hys profession, he wrote

• ...Orationem in aduen∣tum comitis Essexiae Dublinium.
• ...Epitaphion in mortem Iacobi Stanihursti.
• ...Diuersa Epigrammata.

Phillip Flatisbury, a worthy gentleman,* 1.337 and a diligent antiquary, he wrote in the La∣tin tongue, at the request of the right honou∣rable Girald fitz Girald Erle of Kyldare, Diuersas chronicas.

He flourished in the yere .1517. and deceased at hys towne named Iohnstowne néere the Naas.

Thomas Flemmyng:* 1.338 there is a Flem∣myng now liuyng, of whome I heare great

report to be an absolute deuine, and a profes∣sor therof.

* 1.339Foillanus a learned Monke, he traueiled in∣to Fraunce, where through the liberalitie of an holy Virgin, named Gertrude, he founded an Abbey called Monasterium Fossense, where at length he suffred martyrdome.* 1.340

* 1.341Furseus peregrinus, so called, because he was borne in Ireland, and did bestow his yeares as an estraunger in Fraunce, where he foun∣ded an Abbey named Coenobium Latiniacen∣se.* 1.342 He wrote certaine pamphlets, that by tract of tyme are perished. He flourished in the yere 650. and was buried in his owne, monastery.

* 1.343Robert Garuy, fellow of Oriall colledge in Oxforde, a student of both the lawes, a man well spoken as well in the Englishe, as in the Latine.

* 1.344Robert Gogan a preacher.

* 1.345William Hardite a doctor of Deuinitie, pro∣céeded in the vniuersitie of Dublynne, in the yere 1320.

* 1.346Hicky, Phisitious, the father and his sonne.

Hugo de Hybernia, so called because his sur∣name is not knowen. He was a gray Frier, and a great traueiler. He florished in the yere 1360. He wrote, Itinirarium quoddam. lib. 1.

* 1.347Oliuer Husey, a professour of the Aries in Doway.

* 1.348Derby Hurly, a ciuilian, and a commenda∣ble Philosopher: he wrote In Aristotelis Phy∣sica.

* 1.349Robert Ioise, borne in Kylkenny, a good hu∣manitian.

* 1.350Radulphus Kelley, a Monke, brought vp in the knowledge of the latin tonge in Kyldare, in which he profited so well, that for hys elo∣quence and wisedom, he was sent to Clemēt the sixt, as the speaker or prolocutor of all hys order, and also was appoynted the generall aduocate or deputie vnder Petrus de Casa, maister generall of the order. After he was aduaunced to be Archbishop of Cashell,* 1.351 in which honour he deceased, hauyng at vacant houres written.

• ...In iure canonico. lib. 1.
• ...Epistolarum familiarium. lib. 1.

Thomas Kenedy, a Ciuilian.

* 1.352Kerny, he wrote in Irish

• ...Catachismum.
• ...Translationem bibliae.

* 1.353Cagher, a noble man borne, in his time cal∣led Mack Murrough, descended of that mack Murrough that was somtyme king of Lein∣ster, he was a surpassing deuine, and for hys learnyng and vertue was created bishop of Leighlyn, and Abbot of Grage. He flourished in the yeare 1550. and was an hundred yeres olde when he deceased.

* 1.354Iames king, borne in Dublyn, and scholer to M. Patricke Eusack, vnder whome beyng commendably •…•…ayned, he repa•…•… to the v∣niuersitie of Cambridge, wher•…•… he deceased before he coulde attayne to that espen•…•…sse of learnyng,* 1.355 whereto one of so pregnaunt 〈…〉〈…〉 was lyke in tyme to aspire. He wrote

• ...Carmina in laudem•…•… •…•…enrid Bydna•…•….
• Diuersa Epigrammata.

Ley, a learned and an expert Phisition.* 1.356

Leurouse a learne•…•… deuine, sometyme bi∣shop of Kyldare, and Deane of S. Patrickes in Dublyn.

Aeneas Loghlen, or Mackleigh•…•…, M. o•…•… Acte,* 1.357 and a preacher.

Thomas Long doctor of both thē lawes,* 1.358 he procéeded at Paris, in the yeare 1576. in Au∣gust. he is a proper philosopher, no straunger in scholasticall deuinitie•…•…, a prety Latin•…•…. He wrote

• ...De speciebus contra mendacem Monachu•…•…
• ...In Aristotelis physica.
• ...Theses ex praecipuis iuris vtriusque partibus selectas Carolo Borbonio cardinall cosecra•…•…as.

Peter Lumbard borne in Waterford,* 1.359 scho∣ler to M. Peter White, hauing •…•…yl•…•…ied two yeres and a halfe in the study of philosophy at Louaine, he was chosen when he proceeded M. of Arte, Pri•…•…us Vn•…•…uelitatis, by the vn∣forme consent of the foure principals, which preferment did happen to none in such con∣senting wise, in many yeres before, he wrote Ca•…•…men Heroicum in Doctoratum Nicolai Quemerfordi.

Dorby Mackehragh, a student in deuinitie.* 1.360 Magrane, a scholemaister in Dublinne, he wrote Carols and sundry ballades.

Malachias borne in Vlster. His lyfe is exact∣ly written by S. Bernard, in whose Abbey he died in the yeare 1148. He wrote

• ...Constitutorum communium, lib. 1.
• ...Legum coelibatus. lib. 1.
• ...Nouarum trachtionum. lib. 1.
• ...Ad D. Bernardum, epist plures.

Malachias, the minorite or gray frier,* 1.361 a stu∣dent in the Vniuersitie of Oxford, where he attained to that knowledge in deuinitie, as he was the onely man in his tyme that was ap∣poynted to preach before the king and the no∣bilitie, a sharp reprouer of vice, a zealous em∣bracer of vertue, enemy to flattery, friend to simplicitie. He flourished in the yeare 1310. he wrote

• ...De peccatis & remedijs, lib. 1.
• ...Conciones plures, lib. 1.

Mauricius Hybernus,* 1.362 of hym Ioannes Camer∣tes thus writeth.

Annis ab his proximis excelluit,* 1.363 ex ea insula o∣riundus Mauricius, D. Francisci ordinis profes∣sus, In dialecticis, vtra{que} phylosophia, metaphi∣sicis,

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* 1.364Thomas Oheyrnayne, Deane of Corcke, 〈◊〉〈◊〉 learned deuine, he wrote in Latine, Ad Iacobum Stanihurstum, epist plures.

* 1.365Thomas Oheirligh, bishop of •…•…o•…•…e, an ex∣quisite deuine, brought vp in Italy.

* 1.366Pander, a man •…•…ously addicted to the refor∣mation of his countrey, wherof he wrote a po∣litike booke in Latin, entituled Sa•…•… populi.

* 1.367Patricius, who notwithstanding he be no Irish man borne, yet I may not ouerslip •…•…ynt •…•…n the catalogue of Irish authors, for as much as hys whole workes tended to the conuersion and re∣formation of that countrey, he was surnamed Succetus or Magorials, an absolute deuine, a∣do•…•…ng his deepe knowledge ther•…•… with sin∣ceritie of lyfe. Beyng sent into Ireland by the appoyntment of Coelestinus the first, accompa∣nied with Segetius a priest, he conuerted the I∣sland from idolatry and paganisme, to christia∣nitie. He wrote these bookes followyng.

• ...De antiquitate Analonica. lib. 1.
• ...Itinerarium confessionis, lib. 1.
• ...Odorporicon Hyberniae, lib. 1.
• ...Historia Hyberniae ex Ruano, lib. 1.
• ...De tribus Habitaculis, lib. 1.
• ...De futura electorum vita. lib. 1.
• ...Abiectoria quaedam, 366. lib. 1.
• ...Sermones, lib. 1.
• ...Ad Cereticum tyrannum, epist. 1.
• ...Ad Aualonicos incolas, epist. 1.
• ...Ad Hybernicas ecclesias, epist plures.
• ...Ad Britannos, epist plures.

He deceased, beyng 122. yeres old, in the yeare 458. or as some suppose 491. and lyeth buryes in an auncient city, in the North of Irelande, named Doune, accordyng to the olde verse.

Hi tres in Duno tumubo tumulantur in vno. Brigida, Patricius, at{que} Columba pius.

* 1.368Patricius Abbas, a learned man, and much gi∣uen to the edifiyng of his countreymen. He •…•…o∣rished in the yere 850. and deceased at Glased∣bury. Some ascribe the finding of S. Patrikes purgatory to this Abbot, not to Patrike that conuerted the countrey, but that errour hath bene before sufficiently reprooued. This Abbot wrote,

• ...Homelias, lib. 1.
• ...Ad Hybernos, epist. plures,

* 1.369Petrus Hybernicus, professor of philosophy in Naples, at which time Thomas Aquinas that after became the lantern of scholemen, both in philosophy and deuinitie, was hys scholer, be∣yng therfore as highly renowned, as Socra∣tes is for beyng M. to Plato, or Plato is, for hauyng Aristotle to hys scholer. This Petrus flourished in the yere 1230. he wrote, Quod libeta theologica. lib. 1.

* 1.370Pluncket, baron of Dunsany, scholer in Ra∣tough, to M. Staghens, after sent by sir Chri∣stofer. Barnewall knight, hys friendly father in•…•…, to the vniuersitie of Oxforde. Where, how well he profited in knowledge, •…•…s such as are of hys acquaintaunce, presently perceyue, so he reafter when hys workes shall take the ayre, that now by reason of bashfull mode•…•…ge, or modest •…•…shfulnes are wrongfully empriso∣ned, and in maner •…•…iected in shadowed •…•…∣che•…•…, I doubt not, but hys some and renowme in armyng, shall be aunswerable to his desert and valure in writyng.

P•…•…rell, a bacheler of be •…•…tie,* 1.371 sometyme chapleine in ne•…•… colledge at Oxford, after re∣turnyng to his countrey, he was beneficed in Drogheda, from thence flitted to Louayne, where through continuall hearyng of lectures and disputations, more then by his priuate stu∣dy, he purchased a laudable knowledge in deui∣nitie.* 1.372 Wherby he gaue manifest shewe of the profite that riseth of exercise and conference.

Vpon this accussonio•…•…e of hys acquaintaunce was accustomed to tell hym that he had allays deuinitie by hearesay. He deceased at •…•…ouia•…•…, in the yere 1573.

Nicholas Q•…•…e•…•…ford,* 1.373 doctor of de•…•…tion proceeded the 23. of October, he wrote in Eng∣lish a very pithy and •…•…earned treatise, & there withall exquisitely pend, •…•…titule•…•…,

• A•…•…ers to certayne questionis propounded by the citizens of Waterford.
• Diuers sermons.

There lyued lately of the surname, a g•…•… prelate in Waterford, and properly learned.

Ryan,* 1.374 there dyued two brethren of the sur∣name, both scholers of Oxford, the one a good Ciuilian, the other very well séene in the Ma∣them•…•…cals.

Richard, Archdeacon of S. Patrikes,* 1.375 Chan∣cellour of the Vniuersitie of Dublinne, procee∣ded Doctor of the Canon law, in the yere 132•…•…

Robert Rocheforde,* 1.376 borne in the C•…•…ye of Weifford, a proper deuine, an exact Philoso∣pher, and a very good antiquary. There is ano∣ther Rochford, that is a student of philosophy.

Rooth, bacheler of law,* 1.377 proceeded in the Vni∣uersitie of Oxford. There hath bene another Rooth Vicar of S. Iohns in Kylkenny, pretily learned.

Ioannes de sacro bosco, borne in Holywoode,* 1.378 and therof surnamed de sacro bosco. He wrote an excellent introduction, De Sphaera.

Sedgrane, two brethren of the name,* 1.379 both studentes in deuinitie.

Shaghens fellow of Baliol colledge in Ox∣ford,* 1.380 after scholemaister in Ireland, a learned and a vertuous man.

Sheyne, scholer in Oxforde and Paris.* 1.381 He wrote, De repub.

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where beyng knowen for a vertu•…•…es and be ar∣ned prelate, he was chosen by O•…•…n Duke of Bauaria,* 1.382 to be their rectour or gardein of an auncient Abbey, named S. Peters Abbey, pla∣ced in the city of Salisburge, after he was cre∣ated Episcopus Iu•…•…aniensis, and founded in the said town of Salisburge a church. In his time one Bonifacius in English man, beyng gene∣rall visitour in Bauaria, rebapti•…•…ed certaine, whome he suspected not to haue bene orderly baptised. Virgilius detesting the faces, hauyng consulted with Sydonius Archbishop of Baua∣ria, withstood Bonifacius in his fond attempt. The controuersie beyng brought before Pope Zacharias, he decréed that Bonifacius held an•…•… error, and that Virgilius and Sydonius publi∣shed to that poynte founde doct•…•…e•…•… as who so wyll re•…•… Zacharias hys epistle to Bonifaci∣us,* 1.383 shall playne by sée•…•… 〈◊〉〈◊〉 •…•…us decresed in the yeare 7814. and dyeth buried in hys church at Salisburge. He wrote, Ad Zachariam Rompont. epist•…•….

* 1.384Owen Vltagh a phisition. His father procee∣ded doctors •…•…el•…•… Phi•…•…e in Paris.

* 1.385Vltanus a learned monke, felow to Foillamu•…•…, with whom he traueiled into Fraunce, & wyth continuall preachyng edified the inhabitantes of that realme. He florished in the yere 640.

* 1.386Gilbertus Vrgalius, a profest Carme•…•…te, and a student in Oxford. He florished in the yere. •…•…39 he wrote in two great Tomes.

• ...Summam quarundam legum.
• ...De rebus theologicis lib. 1.

* 1.387Vsher, or Vscher, a student in Cambridge, and a preacher.

* 1.388Wadding, a proper versifier, he wrote in la∣tine vpon the burnyng of Paules steple.

• ...Carmen Heroicum.
• ...Diuersa Epigrammata.

* 1.389Edward Walshe, he florished in the yeare 1550. and wrote in English,

• ...The duety of such as fight for their countrey.
• ...The reformation of Ireland by the worde of God.

Iames Walsh, M. of Arte, and student in di∣uinitie, he translated into English, Giraldum Cambriensem, he wrote in latine, Epigrammata diuersa.

Richard Walshe M. of Art, and student in di∣uinitie. There is a learned man of the name beneficed in S. Patrikes church in Dublynne, student in Cambridge, and now a preacher.

Peter Walshe a proper youth, and one that would haue bene an ornament to his country, if God had spared him lyfe. He dyed of a surfet at London, about the yere 1571.

There dwelleth in Waterford a lawyer of the surname, who writeth a very proper Latine verse.

Wellesley deane of Kyldare,* 1.390 there lyueth an other learned man of the name, who is Arche∣deacon of S. Patrikes.

Peter White, borne in Waterford,* 1.391 fellow of Orial colledge in Oxford, the lucky scholemai∣ster of Mounster. He bestowed his tyme ra∣shes in the makyng of scholers, therein the p•…•…∣nyng of bookes, and to the instruction of youth he wrote.

• ...Epitomun o•…•…stus Erasmi.
• ...Epi•…•… Figui•…•… 〈…〉〈…〉.
• ...Annotationes in 〈◊〉〈◊〉 piro Anticleo•…•…deus.
• ...Annotation omtiquem pro •…•…ione.
• ...Epitration 〈◊〉〈◊〉 ver•…•….

Iohn White, bachelor of deuinitie, 〈◊〉〈◊〉 in Glorimol, he wrote in latin, •…•…cestepia epigrammata.

Andrew Wihurn good humanitian; & 〈◊〉〈◊〉 philosopher.

Wise, of this set •…•…me there flourished sudden learned gentlemen.* 1.392 There •…•…th•…•… Wase in Waterforde, that maketh very well in the English.

Andrew Wise, a toward youth, and a good versifier.

William, an Abbate,* 1.393 and as it is thought a soothsaier. He florished in the yere •…•…st, & wrote Prophetian rerum futura nim. lib. •…•….

Dauid Wolfe, a deuine.* 1.394

Thus farre gentle reader, haue I endeuou∣red to heape vp togither a Catalogue of suche learned Irishmē, as by diligent research could haue ben found. Howbeit, I am to request the not to measure the ample number of the lear∣ned of that countrey by this •…•…irf•…•… abstract cō∣sideryng, that diuers haue ben, yea and are yet liuyng, of profound knowledge that to me are vnknowen, and therefore in this register, not recorded.

The disposition and maners of the meere Irish, commonly called the wyld Irishe. Chap. 8.

BEfore I attempt the vnfoldyng of the ma∣ners of the méere Irish, I thinke it expedi∣ent, to forewarne thée reader, not to impute a∣ny barbarous custome that shall be here layde downe, to the citizens, townesmen, and the in∣habitants of the english pale, in that they differ little or nothyng from the auncient customes and dispositions of their progenitors, the En∣glish and Walshmen, beyng therfore as mor∣tally behated of y^e Irish, as those that are borne in England. For the Irishe man standeth so much vpon hys gentilitie,* 1.395 that he termeth any one of the English sept, and planted in Irelād, Bobdeagh Galteagh, that is, English churle: but if he be an Englishman borne, then he na∣meth

hym, Bobdeagh S•…•…egh, that is, a Saxon churle: so that both are churles, and he the onely gentleman, and therupon if the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 pesant of them name hymselfe with hys supe∣rior, he warde sure to place himselfe first, as I and Oneyle, I and you, I and he, I & my mai∣ster, wheras the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 of the English lan∣guage is cleane con•…•….

* 1.396The people are thus enclined, religious, 〈◊〉〈◊〉, amorous, 〈◊〉〈◊〉, sis•…•…rable of infinite paynes, very gratious, many sor•…•…s, 〈◊〉〈◊〉 •…•…∣men, be lightes with 〈…〉〈…〉 passing in hospitality. The s•…•…der sorde, 〈◊〉〈◊〉 clearkes and lay men are sensuall & 〈…〉〈…〉 in liuyng. The same beyng ber•…•… 〈…〉〈…〉 vp or reformed, are such iny•…•…re of holynes and austeritie that other nations •…•…eta 〈…〉〈…〉 •…•…∣dow of deuotion in comparison of them. As for abstinence and falling, it is to them a 〈◊〉〈◊〉 kynd of chasstisement.

They follow the dead corpes to the graue w^t howlyng and barbarous •…•…teries, 〈◊〉〈◊〉 ap∣paraunce, wherof grew, as I suppose, the pro∣uerbe,* 1.397 to weepe Irish.

Gréedy of prayse they be, and fearefull of dis∣honor, and to this ende they esteme theyr Po∣ets, who write Irish learnedly, and pen their sonets her escall, for the which they are •…•…ti∣fully rewarded, if not, they sende 〈◊〉〈◊〉 in disprayse, whereof the Lordes and gentlemen stand in great awe. They loue tenderly theyr foster children,* 1.398 and bequenth so them a childes portion wherby they nourish sure friendship, so beneficiall euery way, that commonly, 500. cowes and better, are giuen in reward to win a noble mans child to foster, they loue & trust theyr foster brethren, more then their owne.

* 1.399The men are cleane of skin & hew, of statute tall. The women are well fauoured, cleane co∣loured, faire handed, big and large, suffered frō theyr infancy to grow at will, nothing curious of theyr feature and proportion of body.

* 1.400Their infantes of the meaner sort are neither swadled nor lapped in lynnen, but folded vppe starke naked in a blanket till they can go.

Proud they are of long crisped bushes of heare which they terme glibs, and the same they nou∣rish with all their cūning,* 1.401 to crop y^e front there∣of, they take it for a notable piece of villany.

* 1.402Water cresses, which they terme shamrocks, rootes and other herbes they féede vpon, ote∣meale and butter they cramme together, they drinke whey, mylke, and biefe brothe. Fleshe they deuour without bread, and that halfe raw: the rest boyleth in their stomackes with Aqua vitae, which they swill in after such a surfet by quartes & pottels: they let their cowes bloud, which growen to a gelly, they bake and ouer∣spred with butter, and so eate it in lumpes. No meat they fansie so much in porke,* 1.403 and the fas∣ter the better. One of Iohn Oneales houshold demaunded of his fellow whether biefe were better than porke, that, quoth the other, is as intrigate a question, as to aske whether thou art better then Oneale.

Their noblemen, and noblemens tenauntes now and then make a set feast, which they call,* 1.404 coshering, where to 〈◊〉〈◊〉 all theyr retayners, 〈◊〉〈◊〉 they name followers, their rithmoues,* 1.405 their battles, theyr ha•…•… that féede thē with 〈◊〉〈◊〉, and when the harpet twas •…•…eth or •…•…n∣geth 〈◊〉〈◊〉, all the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 must be whist, or else he 〈◊〉〈◊〉 like •…•…se, by reasō his har∣mony 〈◊〉〈◊〉 not had in better prise. In their coshe∣ring they sit on straw, they are serued on straw and he vpon matresses and pallets of strawe.* 1.406 The antiquitie of this kynde of feasting, is set forth by Virgill, where Dido entertayneth the Croy•…•… prince and his company. They obserue diuo•…•…s degrées, according to which ech man is regarded. Thebasest sort among them are lit∣tle yong wags, called Daltinnes,* 1.407 these are lac∣kies, & are seruiceable to the groomes or horse∣boyes, who are a degrée aboue the Daltins. Of the third degre is the kerne,* 1.408 who is an ordina∣ry 〈◊〉〈◊〉, vsing for weapon his sword & tar∣get, and haue times hys péece, beyng common∣ly so good markemen as they was come within a store 〈◊〉〈◊〉 great castle Kerne signifieth, as no∣ble 〈…〉〈…〉 •…•…pe iudgement informed me,* 1.409 a shower of hell, because they are taken for no better then for ra•…•…ehels, or the deuils blacke garde, by reason of the stinkyng sturre they kéepe, where so euer they be.

The fourth degre is a galloglasse,* 1.410 vsing a kind of pollax for his weapon. These men are com∣monly wayward rather by profession then by nature, grim of countenāce, tall of stature, big of k•…•…nne, burly of body, wel and strongly tim∣berd, chiefly féeding on béefe, porke and butter.

The fift degree is to be an horsman,* 1.411 which is the chiefest next the lord and capitaine. These horsemen when they haue no stay of their own, gad and range from house to house like arrant knights of the round table, and they neuer dis∣mount vntill they ride into the hall, and as far as the table.

There is among them a brotherhood of Kar∣rowes,* 1.412 that profer to play at chartes all y^e yere long, and make it their onely occupation. They play away mantle and all to the bare skin, and then trusse themselues in strawe or in leaues, they wayte for passengers in the high way, in∣uite them to game vpon the grene, & aske them no more but companions to holde them sporte. For default of other stuffe, they paune theyr glibs, the nailes of their fingers and toes, their dimissaries, which they léese or redéeme at the

curtesie of the wynner.

* 1.413One office in the house of noble men is a tale∣teller, who bringeth, his lord a stéeps withtales vayne and feiuolous, whereunto, the •…•…umbat giue sooth & credite.* 1.414 Without eyther preceptes or obseruation of congraltie, then speake latin lyke a vulgar language, learned •…•…uetheir com∣mon schooles of leachecraft and lawe, where at they begin childrē, and hold on 〈◊〉〈◊〉 •…•…eres, connyng by rote the Aphorismes of Hy•…•…∣tes, and the ciuill institutes, with a fewe other paringes of those sac•…•…es. In the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 schooles, they groouel vpō couches of sti•…•…, their bookes at their noles, themselues lys fla•…•… •…•…cat•…•…. & so they chaime out with a lowd vdyce their les∣sons by peeremeale, repeating two or thrée wordes 30. or 40. byn•…•…es together. Other lawyers they haue lyable to certaine families, which after the custome of the countrey deter∣mine & iudge causes. These cōsider of wrongs offered and receyued among their neighbors: be it murther, felony, or trespasse, all is reme∣died by composition (except the grudge of par∣ties seeke reuenge) and the tyme they haue to spare from spoyling and preding, they lightly bestowe in parling about such matters.* 1.415 The Breighon (so they call this kinde of Lawyer) sitteth on a banke, the lordes and gentlemen at variance round about him, and then they pro∣ceede: To robbe and spoile their enemies they déeme it none offence, nor séeke any meanes to recouer their losse, but euen to watch them the lyke turne. But if neighbors and friendes send their purueyors to purloyne one an other such actions are iudged by the Breighons aforesaid.

* 1.416They honour and reuerence Friers and pil∣grimes, by suffring them to passe quietly, and by sparing theyr mansiōs, whatsoeuer outrage they shew to the countrey besides them. The lyke fauour do they extend to their Poetes and Rithmours.

* 1.417In olde tyme they much abused the honoura∣ble state of marriage, either in contractes vn∣lawfull, méetyng the degrées of prohibition, or in diuorcementes at pleasure, or in retaynyng concubines or harlots for wyues: yea euen at this day where the clergy is fainte, they can be content to marry for a yeare and a day of pro∣bation, and at the yeres ende •…•…ny tyme af∣ter, to returne hir home with hir marriage •…•…es, or as much in valure, vpon light •…•…∣r•…•… if the gentlewomans friendes •…•…s vnable to reuenge, the 〈◊〉〈◊〉. In lyke maner may she forsake hir husband.

I•…•… some corner of the land they vsed a dam∣nable superstition,* 1.418 learnyng the riche armes of their •…•…rf•…•…es vnchristened (as they 〈◊〉〈◊〉 it) to the intept it 〈◊〉〈◊〉 giue, a 〈…〉〈…〉 •…•…ous,* 1.419 & deadly bl•…•…we, Others •…•…ste that gentlemens children were 〈◊〉〈◊〉 in mylke and the in∣•…•…es of poore folke in water wh•…•… 〈◊〉〈◊〉 the bet∣•…•…r•…•… rather the onely choyce.

Diuers other vaype and erecrable superstiti∣•…•… they obserue, that for a complete recitall,* 1.420 would require a seueral volume. Wherto they are the more stifly wedded, because such single preachers as they haue, reproue not in theyr sermons the pieuishnesse and fondnesse of these •…•…iualous dreamers. But these and the like en∣comities haue taken so deepe roote 〈◊〉〈◊〉 that peo∣ple, as commonly a preacher is sooner by their naughty lyues corrupted, then their naughty lyues by his preaching amended. Againe the very English of birth, conuersant with the sa∣uage sort of that people become degenerate, & as though they had tasted of Circos poysoned cup, are quite altered. Such a force hath adu•…•…a∣tion to make or marre.

God with the be•…•…nes of hys grace, clarifie the eyes of that rude people, that at lēgth they may sée theyr miserable estate: and also that such, as are deputed to the gouernment therof, bend their industry with conscionable pollicye to reduce them from rudenesse to knowledge, from rebellion to obedience, from trechery to honesty, from sauagenesse to ciuilitie, frō idle∣nes to labour, from wickednesse to godlynesse, wherby they may the sooner espy their blynde∣nesse, acknowledge their loosenesse, amende their liues, frame thēselues plyable to y^e lawes and ordinaunces of hir Maiestie, whom God with his gracious assistance preserue, as wel to the prosperous gouernment of hir realme of England, as to the happye reformation of hir realme of Ireland.

FINIS.

Notes

• * 1.1

  The 〈◊〉〈◊〉 and bred•…•… of Ireland
• * 1.2

  Girald. Cambrie•…•… lib. 1. to po•…•… dist. 1. ru•…•… Polich. lik•…•… cap. 32.
• * 1.3

  The name Ibernia whence it procéedeth.
• * 1.4

  Ireland.
• * 1.5

  •…•…tus the •…•…spanishe 〈…〉〈…〉

  〈◊〉〈◊〉 in 〈◊〉〈◊〉 in Ca•…•…i.
• * 1.6

  Scotia. Scotach. Gathelus.
• * 1.7

  〈…〉〈…〉 Scot. •…•…o•…•… cap. 9.
• * 1.8

  Iohannes •…•…inus Scotus •…•…e in •…•…land.
• * 1.9

  •…•…hy •…•…ciemen •…•…re called Dunses.
• * 1.10

  Scotia ma∣•…•…r.

  Scotia mi∣•…•…r.
• * 1.11

  Gaudeli.
• * 1.12

  Banno.
• * 1.13

  The riuer Banne.
• * 1.14

  Baggan∣bunne.
• * 1.15

  Inuerna. Ioan. Ca∣mertes in cap. 35. So∣lini.
• * 1.16

  Hermol. Barb. c. 16. in lib. 4. Plin. castig. The name Irishe and Ireland curiously seuered.
• * 1.17

  1. Lagenia.

  2. Cōnatia.

  3. Hultonia.

  4. Momo∣nia.

  5. Media.

  West Méeth, & cast Méeth
• * 1.18

  Hebriades.
• * 1.19

  The shires and coun∣ties of Ireland.
• * 1.20

  An. mundi. 2533.

  Cambriens. lib. .1. dist. 3. rub .5. & 6.
• * 1.21

  Méeth whence it is named.
• * 1.22

  Méeth appointed for y^e king his table.
• * 1.23

  Cantared.
• * 1.24

  Slane.
• * 1.25

  Galfride Geneuile.
• * 1.26

  The En∣glish pale.
• * 1.27

  Fing•…•… excelleth or hasbandry.
• * 1.28

  Collonnes of Fingal Clowne. Fingall why so na∣med.
• * 1.29

  The ciui∣litie of Ireland in auncient tyme.
• * 1.30

  Weisforde wholy English. The Pill
• * 1.31

  •…•…he say∣•…•… of a no 〈◊〉〈◊〉 man •…•…ching 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Eng∣•…•…he of •…•…sforde.
• * 1.32

  〈◊〉〈◊〉 Eng∣lishe in •…•…sford •…•… Fingall.
• * 1.33

  •…•…er.
• * 1.34

  The pro∣nunciation 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Irishe •…•…men.
• * 1.35

  The su∣perstition of Game∣sters.
• * 1.36

  A conquest implyeth 3. thinges.
• * 1.37

  Cic lib. 2. de orat.
• * 1.38

  O Neale why he would n•…•… lerne En¦glishe.
• * 1.39

  Camb. lib. dist. 3. rub. •…•…
• * 1.40

  The foun¦der of the Irish lan∣guage.
• * 1.41

  Bastolenus
• * 1.42

  Epiphan. cōt. har. lib. 1. tom. 1.
• * 1.43

  Cōmestato.
• * 1.44

  Bardes.
• * 1.45

  The ob∣•…•…ritie of •…•…e true Irish.
• * 1.46

  The diffi∣cultie.
• * 1.47

  Iohn. 1. •…•…rs. 14.
• * 1.48

  The want •…•…f the I∣•…•…he.
• * 1.49

  〈◊〉〈◊〉 Irishe •…•…rde for •…•…e. Iob. i. de C•…•…. •…•…eptus.
• * 1.50

  Saucines.
• * 1.51

  Budae. lib. 2. de Asse. & part. eius.
• * 1.52

  Irishe Boagh.
• * 1.53

  Foagh.
• * 1.54

  Aqua vitae.
• * 1.55

  Theoric. E∣pisc. Her∣menensis in Roma∣nula iuxta Bononiam.
• * 1.56

  The com∣modities of Aqua vitae.
• * 1.57

  Vlst. in coe∣lo philos. vel de se∣cret. nat. cap. 11.
• * 1.58

  Poli. lib. 2. cap. 32.
• * 1.59

  wily pye. Camb. par. 1. dist. 3.
• * 1.60

  No vene∣mous worme in Ireland.
• * 1.61

  Camb. part 1. dist. 1.
• * 1.62

  Bed. lib. 1. Angl. Hist. cap. 1.
• * 1.63

  The con∣trouersie of the Isl•…•… of man de∣cided.
• * 1.64

  Orcades appendaunt to Irelād. Hector Bo∣eth. in Scot. reg. descrip•…•… pag. 9. Sect. 50.

  Camb. to∣po. lib. 1. dist. 1. rub. 29.
• * 1.65

  Cam. ibid. rub. 30.31.
• * 1.66

  Irish lea∣ther expel∣leth vene∣mous wormes.
• * 1.67

  Cambri. in eodem lo∣co.
• * 1.68

  whether venemous wormes wer expel∣led Irelād through y^e prayers of •…•…. Patrike.
• * 1.69

  Policht. lib. 1. cap. 32.
• * 1.70

  Alan. Co∣pus dialog. 3. acd. 28.
• * 1.71

  Thomas Fazellus.
• * 1.72

  B•…•…d. lib. 1. Ang. hist. c. 1.
• * 1.73

  Sententia definitiua. Solin. c. 35.
• * 1.74

  Iudge∣ment.
• * 1.75

  Exod. c. 7. vers. 10.
• a 1.76

  Iosu. c. 10, vers. 13.
• b 1.77

  3. Reg. 17 vers. 22. & Eccles. 48. vers. 50.
• c 1.78

  Act. 3. vers. 7.
• d 1.79

  Act. •…•…. vers. 34.
• e 1.80

  Act. 9. vers. 40.
• f 1.81

  Act. 5. vers. 13.
• g 1.82

  Act. 14. vers. 10.
• h 1.83

  Act. 20. vers. 10.•…•… 11.
• i 1.84

  Act. 27. vers. 23. Act. 9. vers. 43. Act. 28. vers. 9.
• * 1.85

  A•…•…gu. tract. 30. in Iohā. 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Th. p. 3. q. 44.23. ad. 3 〈◊〉〈◊〉.
• * 1.86

  Genes. 3. vers. 13.
• * 1.87

  Act. 28. vers. 4.
• * 1.88

  S. Paule heard not the inha∣bitants of Malta.
• * 1.89

  Act. 14. vers. 11.12.13.14.
• * 1.90

  A Parson his sermō.
• * 1.91

  M. Cop his rhetoricke.
• * 1.92

  Cic. lib. 2. de Orat.
• * 1.93

  1. Timot. 3. vers. & 3.
• * 1.94

  Psal. 5. vers. 7. Sapient. 1. Vide Au∣gust. in eū∣dem Psal.
• * 1.95

  Math. 5. vers. 22.
• * 1.96

  The Ger∣maine his friendship.
• * 1.97

  Irelande how it may be refor∣med.
• * 1.98

  Machab. •…•… c. 5. vers. 19
• * 1.99

  Luc. 8. vers. 32.
• * 1.100

  Luc. 2. vers. 37.
• * 1.101

  Obiection.
• * 1.102

  Aunswer.
• * 1.103

  Rumour catcheth fethers.
• * 1.104

  A friendly commen∣dation.
• * 1.105

  Exod. 8. vers. 7.•…•… & 24. Vide Apoc. 9, vers. 3. at a•…•…eg. 8. vers. 37.
• * 1.106

  Gregor. homel. 29. in euang. Marc. 16. vers. 17.
• * 1.107

  Psal. 117. vers. 22.
• * 1.108

  The Ber∣nacie.
• * 1.109

  Sabel. part. 3. Ene. 10. lib. 5. Camb. lib. topog. dist. 1. rub. 15. Thom. p. 3. q. 31. ar. 4. corp.
• * 1.110

  Bées how they are increased.
• * 1.111

  Iohan. de. 5. Gem. in lib. de exempl. & simili. re∣rum lib. 4. c. 31.

  whether y^e Bernacle be fishe or fleshe.

  Cambri. lib. 1. topog. dist. •…•…. r•…•…. 1•…•… Polichr. lib. 1. c. 32.
• * 1.112

  Adam and Eue onely by God created.

  August su∣per Genes. ad lit. lib. 9. c. 18.
• * 1.113

  •…•…uef. 11. •…•…s. 29.
• * 1.114

  •…•…e•…•… and 〈◊〉〈◊〉 of no •…•…nt.

  •…•…m. p. 1. q •…•…t. 2. ad. •…•….
• * 1.115

  •…•…m. p. 1. •…•…art. 2. •…•…m

  Liuing •…•…ngs are 〈◊〉〈◊〉 •…•…es.

  •…•…om. p. 1. •…•… 10.1. m •…•…enna.
• * 1.116

  •…•…enes. 2. •…•…ers. 7. •…•…enes. 2. •…•…ers. 21. •…•…eth. 1. •…•…ers. 30. •…•…a•…•…e. 1. •…•…ers. 34.
• * 1.117

  •…•…de Arist. •…•…. Meter. •…•…p. 3.6.7.
• * 1.118

  The Ber∣nacle ney∣ther fishe nor flesh.
• * 1.119

  The sell whether it be fishe or flesh.

  Thom. p. 1. a 71. a 1.0.3.0.
• * 1.120

  Shéepe.
• * 1.121

  Egle.
• * 1.122

  The Irish hobby.
• * 1.123

  The Nagge.
• * 1.124

  The chiefe horse.
• * 1.125

  The moon∣grel hobby.
• * 1.126

  Volat lib. 3. Geog. Asturcones
• * 1.127

  Dublinium.
• * 1.128

  Dublyne buylded.
• * 1.129

  Auellanus the foūder of Dublin
• * 1.130

  Auellana Eblana.
• * 1.131

  Dublyne the Irishe London.

  The scitu∣tion of Dublyne.
• * 1.132

  The Lif∣fye.
• * 1.133

  The sworde gi∣uen to Du∣blyne.

  Shyriffes of Dublin•…•… 1547.
• * 1.134

  Dublyne gouerned by a Pro∣uost.

  The hos∣pitalitie of y^e Mayor & Shirife•…•…
• * 1.135

  The hos∣pitalitie of Dublyne.
• * 1.136

  The sham∣bles and markets of Du∣blyne.
• * 1.137

  The black standarde.
• * 1.138

  The mu∣slerres of Dublyne.
• * 1.139

  The Maior of the bul∣ring.
• * 1.140

  The •…•…¦monday.
• * 1.141

  Dublyne inhabited by y^e Bri∣stollians.

  This 〈◊〉〈◊〉 about the yeare of our Lord•…•… 1209.
• * 1.142

  The chur∣ches of Dublyne.
• * 1.143

  Christ-church.
• * 1.144

  The con∣•…•…rsie •…•…twene Christ-•…•…urch and 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Patriks •…•…rch.
• * 1.145

  Fitzsy∣mons.
• * 1.146

  S. Iames his fayre.
• * 1.147

  Iohn De∣cer.
• * 1.148

  Ostma•…•…
• * 1.149

  1050
• * 1.150

  1095.
• * 1.151

  Ostman∣towne, why so called.
• * 1.152

  The lanes
• * 1.153

  The olde Escacar.
• * 1.154

  S. George his chappel
• * 1.155

  The brid∣ges.
• * 1.156

  1544.
• * 1.157

  The ca∣stell.
• * 1.158

  1220.
• * 1.159

  Berming∣ham his towre,
• * 1.160

  1566.
• * 1.161

  Isowdes towre.
• * 1.162

  Chappell Isoude.
• * 1.163

  S. Se∣pulchers.
• * 1.164

  Scald brother.
• * 1.165

  Scald brother ex∣ecuted.
• * 1.166

  Little Iohn.
• * 1.167

  1189.
• * 1.168

  Robert hoode.
• * 1.169

  Little Iohn de∣ceased.
• * 1.170

  The king his land.
• * 1.171

  Crumlyn.
• * 1.172

  waterford.
• * 1.173

  Manapia.
• * 1.174

  The poesie of water∣ford.
• * 1.175

  Limme∣ricke.
• * 1.176

  Sennan the riuer of Limmericke.
• * 1.177

  Limme∣ricke, why is called.
• * 1.178

  Corcke.
• * 1.179

  Drogheda.
• * 1.180

  Rosse.
• * 1.181

  Rose, of Rosse.
• * 1.182

  Rosse de∣cayed.
• * 1.183

  The panges of ialou∣sie.
• * 1.184

  The fryers murthe∣red.
• * 1.185

  Hulck tower.
• * 1.186

  The pre∣sent estate of Rosse.
• * 1.187

  New rosse old Rosse.
• * 1.188

  Rosse I∣barcan.
• * 1.189

  Weisforde.
• * 1.190

  Kylkenme
• * 1.191

  1400.
• * 1.192

  Robert Talbot.
• * 1.193

  William Marshall.
• * 1.194

  1234.
• * 1.195

  The chur∣ches of Kylkenny.
• * 1.196

  The Grā∣mer schoole.
• * 1.197

  Pierce Butler. Margarete Fitz Gi∣rald.
• * 1.198

  Peter whyte.
• * 1.199

  Kylkenny why so cal∣led.

  The lyfe of Kanicus.
• * 1.200

  Thomas-towne. Thomas fitz An∣tonie.
• * 1.201

  1542.
• * 1.202

  Camb. lib. 1. Top. dist. 2. rub. 3. & 4.
• * 1.203

  S. Patrike his Pur∣gatorie.
• * 1.204

  Camb. lib. •…•… Topog. dist. 2. rub. 6.
• * 1.205

  Reglasse.
• * 1.206

  Polichr. lib. •…•….36.1138.
• * 1.207

  Dyon. Cart. in lib. de quatu. nor∣ciss. art. 48.
• * 1.208

  Iohan Ca∣mert. in lib. Solini. cap. 35.
• * 1.209

  Claud. lib. 1. in Raffin.
• * 1.210

  The cere∣monies v∣sed in en∣tering S. Patricke his Pur∣gatorie.
• * 1.211

  Camb. lib. 1. topog. di∣stinct .2. rub .5.
• * 1.212

  Insula vi∣uentium.
• * 1.213

  Cambrie•…•… codē loc•…•…
• * 1.214

  Arenne.
• * 1.215

  The fyre∣house of Kyldare.
• * 1.216

  The heat of Kildare.
• * 1.217

  The stones of Salisbury playne.
• * 1.218

  Mollcagh mast.
• * 1.219

  The Erle of Sussex.
• * 1.220

  c. quoniam. c. dis.
• * 1.221

  c. quod sicut de elect. penul. De priuil. & exces. priuil. cap. Archie. & in glos.
• * 1.222

  c. ex tuarū, &c. adhoc. de auct. & vsu pal.
• * 1.223

  1075.
• * 1.224

  1095.
• * 1.225

  1152.
• * 1.226

  1162.
• * 1.227

  1180.
• * 1.228

  Scorche villaine.
• * 1.229

  Math, Pari•…•… in vitam Ioan. pag. 316.
• * 1.230

  1285.
• * 1.231

  1294.
• * 1.232

  1297.

  Ioan. Cai•…•… de antiqu•…•… Cant. Aca•…•… de•…•…. lib. •…•….
• * 1.233

  Edmund Butler. 1032. Hollywood 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Fingall.
• * 1.234

  1306.
• * 1.235

  •…•…aue∣•…•…nges. •…•…eame.
• * 1.236

  1311.
• * 1.237

  De priui. & excest. pri. c Archiep.
• * 1.238

  1313.
• * 1.239

  1318.
• * 1.240

  1320.
• * 1.241

  1349.
• * 1.242

  1363.
• * 1.243

  1375.
• * 1.244

  1390.
• * 1.245

  1397▪
• * 1.246

  1414.
• * 1.247

  The skir∣mish of Kylka.
• * 1.248

  1439.
• * 1.249

  1460.
• * 1.250

  The Bi∣shoppes of Kyldare.
• * 1.251

  448.
• * 1.252

  Maurice Iak.
• * 1.253

  1319.

  The bridg of Kylcool∣lenne, and Leigh∣linne.
• * 1.254

  1169.
• * 1.255

  Matth. pari. in vita Ioh. pag. 316. verl. 40.
• * 1.256

  1234.
• * 1.257

  pag. 480.
• * 1.258

  The combat chalenged.
• * 1.259

  •…•…escye fled∣•…•…ed France. •…•…dare be∣stowed on the Lord Gi∣•…•…d.
• * 1.260

  The firste Earle of •…•…dare cre∣•…•…ed.

  1•…•…15.
• * 1.261

  The nūbers 〈◊〉〈◊〉 the Erles of kyldare.
• * 1.262

  L. Girald.
• * 1.263

  Earle of Or∣mond.
• * 1.264

  1247.

  The But∣lers (as I am enfor∣med) ar foūd by auncient recordes too haue bene Earles of the Larrick.

  1299.
• * 1.265

  1309.
• * 1.266

  1312.
• * 1.267

  1313.
• * 1.268

  1315.
• * 1.269

  1316.
• * 1.270

  1321.
• * 1.271

  1359.
• * 1.272

  1425.
• * 1.273

  1327.

  The firste Earle of Or∣mond.
• * 1.274

  Tipperary.
• * 1.275

  Desmon.
• * 1.276

  Clenrichard.
• * 1.277

  Tomond.
• * 1.278

  1550.
• * 1.279

  Clencare.
• * 1.280

  Barry. Roche, Gormans∣towne.
• * 1.281

  1361.
• * 1.282

  1367.
• * 1.283

  1476.
• * 1.284

  1492
• * 1.285

  1494
• * 1.286

  1397
• * 1.287

  Preston came from Lanckishire.
• * 1.288

  Baltinglasse
• * 1.289

  1542
• * 1.290

  1175
• * 1.291

  Moūtgaret.
• * 1.292

  1550
• * 1.293

  Deece.
• * 1.294

  Athenry.
• * 1.295

  Dunboyn.
• * 1.296

  1541.
• * 1.297

  Vpper Ossery.
• * 1.298

  1541.
• * 1.299

  1558.
• * 1.300

  Louth.
• * 1.301

  1541.
• * 1.302

  Dungauō.
• * 1.303

  Curragh∣more. Desert.
• * 1.304

  Insirkoin.
• * 1.305

  1543.
• * 1.306

  Baronets.
• * 1.307

  Banret what it signif•…•…
• * 1.308

  Ardericus
• * 1.309

  Alen.
• * 1.310

  Archer.
• * 1.311

  Argoba∣stus.
• * 1.312

  Curren.
• * 1.313

  Cusack.
• * 1.314

  Daly.
• * 1.315

  Darcy.
• * 1.316

  Delahide.
• * 1.317

  Deurox.
• * 1.318

  Dyllon.
• * 1.319

  Doudal.
• * 1.320

  Dormer.
• * 1.321

  Duns. Iohannes maior. li. 4. cap. 16.
• * 1.322

  Cic. in orat. pro Arch. poëta.
• * 1.323

  Thomisti•…•… Sco•…•…
• * 1.324

  1302.
• * 1.325

  Eustace.
• * 1.326

  Fagane.
• * 1.327

  Ferrayle.
• * 1.328

  Fergutius
• * 1.329

  Carreg∣fergus.
• * 1.330

  〈◊〉〈◊〉
• * 1.331

  Fielde.
• * 1.332

  •…•… fitz Gi∣ralde.
• * 1.333

  •…•…ippias.
• * 1.334

  fitz Raufe.
• * 1.335

  1360.
• * 1.336

  Fitz Si∣mons.
• * 1.337

  Flatisbu∣ry.
• * 1.338

  Flemming
• * 1.339

  Foillanus.
• * 1.340

  654.
• * 1.341

  Fursaeus.
• * 1.342

  647.
• * 1.343

  Garuye.
• * 1.344

  Gogan.
• * 1.345

  Hardite.
• * 1.346

  Hycky. Hugo.
• * 1.347

  Husey.
• * 1.348

  Hurly.
• * 1.349

  Ioise.
• * 1.350

  Kelley.
• * 1.351

  1342.
• * 1.352

  Kenedy. Kerny.
• * 1.353

  Keuan∣nagh.
• * 1.354

  King.
• * 1.355

  1569.
• * 1.356

  Ley. Leurouse. 1556.
• * 1.357

  Logham.
• * 1.358

  Long.
• * 1.359

  Lumbard.
• * 1.360

  Mack∣cragh.

  Magrane.

  Malachi∣as.
• * 1.361

  Malachi∣as minori∣ty.
• * 1.362

  Mauricius.
• * 1.363

  Iohannes Camert in cap. 35. Soli.
• * 1.364

  Oheirnain
• * 1.365

  Oheirligh.
• * 1.366

  Pander.
• * 1.367

  Patricius.
• * 1.368

  Patricius Abbas.
• * 1.369

  Petrus Hy∣bernicus.
• * 1.370

  Pluncket.
• * 1.371

  Poo•…•…rell.
• * 1.372

  The force of exercise.
• * 1.373

  Quemer∣ford.

  1575.
• * 1.374

  Ryan.
• * 1.375

  Richard.
• * 1.376

  Rocheford.
• * 1.377

  Rooth.
• * 1.378

  De sacro bosco.
• * 1.379

  Sedgrane.
• * 1.380

  Shaghens
• * 1.381

  Sheyne.
• * 1.382

  754.
• * 1.383

  Tomo pri∣mo concili∣orum.
• * 1.384

  Vitagh.
• * 1.385

  Vltanus.
• * 1.386

  Vrgalius.
• * 1.387

  Vsher.
• * 1.388

  Wadding.
• * 1.389

  Walshe.
• * 1.390

  Wellesley
• * 1.391

  White.
• * 1.392

  Wise.
• * 1.393

  William.
• * 1.394

  wolfe.
• * 1.395

  Irish gen∣tilitie.
• * 1.396

  The incli∣•…•… of the people.
• * 1.397

  to weepe Irishe.
• * 1.398

  foster children.
• * 1.399

  The sta∣tute of the people.
• * 1.400

  Infants.
• * 1.401

  Cubbes.
• * 1.402

  Their lyet.
• * 1.403

  Porcke.
• * 1.404

  Coshering
• * 1.405

  Folowers.
• * 1.406

  Lib. pri. En. circa finem
• * 1.407

  Daltyn. Groome.
• * 1.408

  Kearene.
• * 1.409

  Kigheyren
• * 1.410

  Gallo∣glasse.
• * 1.411

  Horseman.
• * 1.412

  Karrow.
• * 1.413

  A taletel∣ler.
• * 1.414

  Latin spo∣ken as a vulgare language.
• * 1.415

  Breighon.
• * 1.416

  Religious fauoured.
• * 1.417

  Matrimo∣ny abused.
• * 1.418

  Supersti∣tiō in bap∣tisme.
• * 1.419

  〈…〉〈…〉 Io•…•… 〈…〉〈…〉
• * 1.420

  Irelande why su∣persticious