The firste [laste] volume of the chronicles of England, Scotlande, and Irelande conteyning the description and chronicles of England, from the first inhabiting vnto the conquest : the description and chronicles of Scotland, from the first original of the Scottes nation till the yeare of our Lorde 1571 : the description and chronicles of Yrelande, likewise from the first originall of that nation untill the yeare 1571 / faithfully gathered and set forth by Raphaell Holinshed.

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Title
The firste [laste] volume of the chronicles of England, Scotlande, and Irelande conteyning the description and chronicles of England, from the first inhabiting vnto the conquest : the description and chronicles of Scotland, from the first original of the Scottes nation till the yeare of our Lorde 1571 : the description and chronicles of Yrelande, likewise from the first originall of that nation untill the yeare 1571 / faithfully gathered and set forth by Raphaell Holinshed.
Author
Holinshed, Raphael, d. 1580?
Publication
At London :: Imprinted for Iohn Hunne,
1577.
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Subject terms
Great Britain -- History -- Early works to 1800.
Link to this Item
http://name.umdl.umich.edu/A03448.0001.001
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"The firste [laste] volume of the chronicles of England, Scotlande, and Irelande conteyning the description and chronicles of England, from the first inhabiting vnto the conquest : the description and chronicles of Scotland, from the first original of the Scottes nation till the yeare of our Lorde 1571 : the description and chronicles of Yrelande, likewise from the first originall of that nation untill the yeare 1571 / faithfully gathered and set forth by Raphaell Holinshed." In the digital collection Early English Books Online. https://name.umdl.umich.edu/A03448.0001.001. University of Michigan Library Digital Collections. Accessed June 17, 2024.

Pages

The disposition and maners of the meere Irish, commonly called the wyld Irishe. Chap. 8.

BEfore I attempt the vnfoldyng of the ma∣ners of the méere Irish, I thinke it expedi∣ent, to forewarne thée reader, not to impute a∣ny barbarous custome that shall be here layde downe, to the citizens, townesmen, and the in∣habitants of the english pale, in that they differ little or nothyng from the auncient customes and dispositions of their progenitors, the En∣glish and Walshmen, beyng therfore as mor∣tally behated of ye Irish, as those that are borne in England. For the Irishe man standeth so much vpon hys gentilitie,* 1.1 that he termeth any one of the English sept, and planted in Irelād, Bobdeagh Galteagh, that is, English churle: but if he be an Englishman borne, then he na∣meth

Page 28

hym, Bobdeagh S•…•…egh, that is, a Saxon churle: so that both are churles, and he the onely gentleman, and therupon if the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 pesant of them name hymselfe with hys supe∣rior, he warde sure to place himselfe first, as I and Oneyle, I and you, I and he, I & my mai∣ster, wheras the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 of the English lan∣guage is cleane con•…•….

* 1.2The people are thus enclined, religious, 〈◊〉〈◊〉, amorous, 〈◊〉〈◊〉, sis•…•…rable of infinite paynes, very gratious, many sor•…•…s, 〈◊〉〈◊〉 •…•…∣men, be lightes with 〈…〉〈…〉 passing in hospitality. The s•…•…der sorde, 〈◊〉〈◊〉 clearkes and lay men are sensuall & 〈…〉〈…〉 in liuyng. The same beyng ber•…•… 〈…〉〈…〉 vp or reformed, are such iny•…•…re of holynes and austeritie that other nations •…•…eta 〈…〉〈…〉 •…•…∣dow of deuotion in comparison of them. As for abstinence and falling, it is to them a 〈◊〉〈◊〉 kynd of chasstisement.

They follow the dead corpes to the graue wt howlyng and barbarous •…•…teries, 〈◊〉〈◊〉 ap∣paraunce, wherof grew, as I suppose, the pro∣uerbe,* 1.3 to weepe Irish.

Gréedy of prayse they be, and fearefull of dis∣honor, and to this ende they esteme theyr Po∣ets, who write Irish learnedly, and pen their sonets her escall, for the which they are •…•…ti∣fully rewarded, if not, they sende 〈◊〉〈◊〉 in disprayse, whereof the Lordes and gentlemen stand in great awe. They loue tenderly theyr foster children,* 1.4 and bequenth so them a childes portion wherby they nourish sure friendship, so beneficiall euery way, that commonly, 500. cowes and better, are giuen in reward to win a noble mans child to foster, they loue & trust theyr foster brethren, more then their owne.

* 1.5The men are cleane of skin & hew, of statute tall. The women are well fauoured, cleane co∣loured, faire handed, big and large, suffered frō theyr infancy to grow at will, nothing curious of theyr feature and proportion of body.

* 1.6Their infantes of the meaner sort are neither swadled nor lapped in lynnen, but folded vppe starke naked in a blanket till they can go.

Proud they are of long crisped bushes of heare which they terme glibs, and the same they nou∣rish with all their cūning,* 1.7 to crop ye front there∣of, they take it for a notable piece of villany.

* 1.8Water cresses, which they terme shamrocks, rootes and other herbes they féede vpon, ote∣meale and butter they cramme together, they drinke whey, mylke, and biefe brothe. Fleshe they deuour without bread, and that halfe raw: the rest boyleth in their stomackes with Aqua vitae, which they swill in after such a surfet by quartes & pottels: they let their cowes bloud, which growen to a gelly, they bake and ouer∣spred with butter, and so eate it in lumpes. No meat they fansie so much in porke,* 1.9 and the fas∣ter the better. One of Iohn Oneales houshold demaunded of his fellow whether biefe were better than porke, that, quoth the other, is as intrigate a question, as to aske whether thou art better then Oneale.

Their noblemen, and noblemens tenauntes now and then make a set feast, which they call,* 1.10 coshering, where to 〈◊〉〈◊〉 all theyr retayners, 〈◊〉〈◊〉 they name followers, their rithmoues,* 1.11 their battles, theyr ha•…•… that féede thē with 〈◊〉〈◊〉, and when the harpet twas •…•…eth or •…•…n∣geth 〈◊〉〈◊〉, all the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 must be whist, or else he 〈◊〉〈◊〉 like •…•…se, by reasō his har∣mony 〈◊〉〈◊〉 not had in better prise. In their coshe∣ring they sit on straw, they are serued on straw and he vpon matresses and pallets of strawe.* 1.12 The antiquitie of this kynde of feasting, is set forth by Virgill, where Dido entertayneth the Croy•…•… prince and his company. They obserue diuo•…•…s degrées, according to which ech man is regarded. Thebasest sort among them are lit∣tle yong wags, called Daltinnes,* 1.13 these are lac∣kies, & are seruiceable to the groomes or horse∣boyes, who are a degrée aboue the Daltins. Of the third degre is the kerne,* 1.14 who is an ordina∣ry 〈◊〉〈◊〉, vsing for weapon his sword & tar∣get, and haue times hys péece, beyng common∣ly so good markemen as they was come within a store 〈◊〉〈◊〉 great castle Kerne signifieth, as no∣ble 〈…〉〈…〉 •…•…pe iudgement informed me,* 1.15 a shower of hell, because they are taken for no better then for ra•…•…ehels, or the deuils blacke garde, by reason of the stinkyng sturre they kéepe, where so euer they be.

The fourth degre is a galloglasse,* 1.16 vsing a kind of pollax for his weapon. These men are com∣monly wayward rather by profession then by nature, grim of countenāce, tall of stature, big of k•…•…nne, burly of body, wel and strongly tim∣berd, chiefly féeding on béefe, porke and butter.

The fift degree is to be an horsman,* 1.17 which is the chiefest next the lord and capitaine. These horsemen when they haue no stay of their own, gad and range from house to house like arrant knights of the round table, and they neuer dis∣mount vntill they ride into the hall, and as far as the table.

There is among them a brotherhood of Kar∣rowes,* 1.18 that profer to play at chartes all ye yere long, and make it their onely occupation. They play away mantle and all to the bare skin, and then trusse themselues in strawe or in leaues, they wayte for passengers in the high way, in∣uite them to game vpon the grene, & aske them no more but companions to holde them sporte. For default of other stuffe, they paune theyr glibs, the nailes of their fingers and toes, their dimissaries, which they léese or redéeme at the

Page [unnumbered]

curtesie of the wynner.

* 1.19One office in the house of noble men is a tale∣teller, who bringeth, his lord a stéeps withtales vayne and feiuolous, whereunto, the •…•…umbat giue sooth & credite.* 1.20 Without eyther preceptes or obseruation of congraltie, then speake latin lyke a vulgar language, learned •…•…uetheir com∣mon schooles of leachecraft and lawe, where at they begin childrē, and hold on 〈◊〉〈◊〉 •…•…eres, connyng by rote the Aphorismes of Hy•…•…∣tes, and the ciuill institutes, with a fewe other paringes of those sac•…•…es. In the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 schooles, they groouel vpō couches of sti•…•…, their bookes at their noles, themselues lys fla•…•… •…•…cat•…•…. & so they chaime out with a lowd vdyce their les∣sons by peeremeale, repeating two or thrée wordes 30. or 40. byn•…•…es together. Other lawyers they haue lyable to certaine families, which after the custome of the countrey deter∣mine & iudge causes. These cōsider of wrongs offered and receyued among their neighbors: be it murther, felony, or trespasse, all is reme∣died by composition (except the grudge of par∣ties seeke reuenge) and the tyme they haue to spare from spoyling and preding, they lightly bestowe in parling about such matters.* 1.21 The Breighon (so they call this kinde of Lawyer) sitteth on a banke, the lordes and gentlemen at variance round about him, and then they pro∣ceede: To robbe and spoile their enemies they déeme it none offence, nor séeke any meanes to recouer their losse, but euen to watch them the lyke turne. But if neighbors and friendes send their purueyors to purloyne one an other such actions are iudged by the Breighons aforesaid.

* 1.22They honour and reuerence Friers and pil∣grimes, by suffring them to passe quietly, and by sparing theyr mansiōs, whatsoeuer outrage they shew to the countrey besides them. The lyke fauour do they extend to their Poetes and Rithmours.

* 1.23In olde tyme they much abused the honoura∣ble state of marriage, either in contractes vn∣lawfull, méetyng the degrées of prohibition, or in diuorcementes at pleasure, or in retaynyng concubines or harlots for wyues: yea euen at this day where the clergy is fainte, they can be content to marry for a yeare and a day of pro∣bation, and at the yeres ende •…•…ny tyme af∣ter, to returne hir home with hir marriage •…•…es, or as much in valure, vpon light •…•…∣r•…•… if the gentlewomans friendes •…•…s vnable to reuenge, the 〈◊〉〈◊〉. In lyke maner may she forsake hir husband.

I•…•… some corner of the land they vsed a dam∣nable superstition,* 1.24 learnyng the riche armes of their •…•…rf•…•…es vnchristened (as they 〈◊〉〈◊〉 it) to the intept it 〈◊〉〈◊〉 giue, a 〈…〉〈…〉 •…•…ous,* 1.25 & deadly bl•…•…we, Others •…•…ste that gentlemens children were 〈◊〉〈◊〉 in mylke and the in∣•…•…es of poore folke in water wh•…•… 〈◊〉〈◊〉 the bet∣•…•…r•…•… rather the onely choyce.

Diuers other vaype and erecrable superstiti∣•…•… they obserue, that for a complete recitall,* 1.26 would require a seueral volume. Wherto they are the more stifly wedded, because such single preachers as they haue, reproue not in theyr sermons the pieuishnesse and fondnesse of these •…•…iualous dreamers. But these and the like en∣comities haue taken so deepe roote 〈◊〉〈◊〉 that peo∣ple, as commonly a preacher is sooner by their naughty lyues corrupted, then their naughty lyues by his preaching amended. Againe the very English of birth, conuersant with the sa∣uage sort of that people become degenerate, & as though they had tasted of Circos poysoned cup, are quite altered. Such a force hath adu•…•…a∣tion to make or marre.

God with the be•…•…nes of hys grace, clarifie the eyes of that rude people, that at lēgth they may sée theyr miserable estate: and also that such, as are deputed to the gouernment therof, bend their industry with conscionable pollicye to reduce them from rudenesse to knowledge, from rebellion to obedience, from trechery to honesty, from sauagenesse to ciuilitie, frō idle∣nes to labour, from wickednesse to godlynesse, wherby they may the sooner espy their blynde∣nesse, acknowledge their loosenesse, amende their liues, frame thēselues plyable to ye lawes and ordinaunces of hir Maiestie, whom God with his gracious assistance preserue, as wel to the prosperous gouernment of hir realme of England, as to the happye reformation of hir realme of Ireland.

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