Prolicionycion [sic]

¶Incipit Liber tercius (Book 3)

THe fyth age of the world began from the trans¦mygracion of the Iewes and the brennyng of the temple that was doone the· xj / yere of sede∣chias / Therfor who that wol reken seuenty yere of the prysonnyng and bondage of Iewes from this .xj / yere of sedechias as Eusebius dide by auctoryte of Zacharye. the prophete / than he shal ende this seuen¦ty yere in the second yere of dari{us} Itapsis sonne· but it semeth that Ioseph{us} & Ieroms glose reken these seuenty yere from the / xiij· ye∣re of iosias the king in the which yere Ieremias began to {pro}phecie vnto the first yere of cirus but redyly to acompt the seuēty yeres that enden in the thirde yere or in the laste yere of cir{us} be {pro}prely the yeres of taking & bōdage of the Iewes / but the yeres that en¦de in the second yere of dari{us} be {pro}prely the yeres of the ful trans¦mygracion & of the destroyng of the temple / Petr{us} 154 / The men of Iuda drad the face of nabugodonosor for the deth of godolyas whom they had slayn. therfore they went with theyr children & cataill in to egypt & Ieremias went with them· ayenst her wylle And for he prophecied alway that they that went in to egypt at that tyme sholde be destroyed / therfor they ston••d hym to deth the fourth yere of that transmygraciō· Netheles the egypcians wor∣shiped the prophete & buryed him besides the buriels of kynges / for he had with his prayers dryuen away the eddres & cocadril∣les from the egypciās / Treuisa A cocadrille is a four foted beest that lyueth both in water & in land & is cominly xx cubet long with clawes & teeth strongly armed / his skynne is so ha••d that he rekketh not of strokes of hard stones. he rested by day in water & by nyght in lande / the cocadrylle allone among beests moeueth the ouer Iowe so seyth ysidore / Than it foloweth in the story / Also the {pro}phete yaf a tokē to the kynges of egypt that her man¦mettes sholdē falle whan a mayde had born a child· therfore the preestes of misbileuid mē ordeined hem an ymage of a maide with a child & worshiped it in a pⁱuey place within the tēple· Also this Ieremias knew that the tēple shold be destroyed & toke the shrine of the testamēt with al that was therin & made it thurgh his pra¦yers be swalowed in to a stone bitwen y^e hilles of wildernes wher moises & aarō bē buried / & he marked the stone with his finger & wrote therin goddes owne name / & from that tyme hidderto & to the worldes ende the stone is hidde with a clowde / so that the place maye not be knowen neyther that name of god maye not

be redde· Me seyth that atte first arysyng atte day 〈◊〉〈◊〉 dome moy∣ses and aaron shal brynge that shryne and 〈◊〉〈◊〉 on the hille Syna. ther the holy halowes shul be gadred to 〈◊〉〈◊〉 the ayene •• goyng of god The kyng nabugodonosor the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 yere of his kyngdome went doune in to Siria and made subge•• 〈◊〉〈◊〉 hym an•• and moab and ouercome egypt and slough the kyng of Egypte and ordeyned ther another kyng / ¶ Also atte laste the Iewes that he founde there he ladde in to babilon / Nabugodonosor the second yere of his kingdom mette the sweuen of the ymage of / iiij maner thynges made and was ful soore aferd This second ye∣re is not acompted from the firste begynnyng of his kyngdome but from his grete kyngdome whan he had made subget other na¦cions about and brought the relyef of Israel and of Iuda out of Egypte / that yere befelle the second sight and vision of daniel of the angel that delyuerd the· childer out of the ouen ¶ That yere befelle the thyrdde vision that is cleped the kynges pistle. in the whiche he telleth that he was hym self bitokened by the tree that was y seen And atte last for his pryde he shold be shapen bifore as an oxe and bihynde as a lyon not by chaungyng of body but by chaungyng of disposicion of wytte and of semyng and that he shold ete hey as an oxe til seu•••• times were torned in to seuen monethes atte prayer of daniel ¶Petrus 16 ¶After the which tyme he was chaūged in to his owne shappe ayene but he reg¦ned no more· but he ordeyned seuen Iugges for hym self and did penaunce vnto seuen yeres ende / and ete no breede ne flesshe / · ne dranck no wyn but ete herbes and potage by counseyl of daniel ¶ Seruius tullius the sixth kyng of Romaynes come after tar¦quinius priscus and wedded his doughder and regned four & twenty yeres ¶ Eutr libro primo This was a noble womās sonne that was taken· He yafe thre hilles to the Cyte of Rome Quirinalis equilinus and viminalis and made diches about the cyte. this ordeyned first personale trybute to the Romaynes / ¶In his tyme were founden echt honderd thousand and s••uen thousand burges in Rome Titus ¶This hadde maryed his doughter tullia to one tarquini{us} superbus. she made hir own hus∣band to conspyre with the comynte of Rome and the Senatours for to slee her own fader. Therfor this tarquinius mette with the kyng vpon a tyme and threwe hym doune of a stayre and so the kyng was soore hurt and went homeward / and was slayn by the way of men that tarquinius had hyred to doo that fals dede

And Tullia the kynges doughter herd herof and toke hir char & went to grete her husbond that was made new kyng· and by the waye she ladde hir chare ouer hir fader bodye ¶ Ezechiel the Prophete was to drawen with horses in ••aldea by the doyng of hem that were lefte of the lygnages of dan and of gad / and that for he hadde warned hem that they shold not come ayene to Iherusalem ¶Also that yere he sawe sigh••es and visions of the newyng of the temple Iosephus libro decimo capitulo vndecimo

¶ Capitulum secundum /

AFter the grete Nabugodonosor his sonne Nabugodonosor regned in Babyloyne ten yere / he put moche more to his fa¦der Royalte ¶ For Megasten in libro Iudiciorum sayth that in strengthe and grete dedes he passed hercules And he destroyed Libia and hiberia and pulled and drough oute of places grete stones as it were hilles and sette there trees and made ther an Orchard that was cleped suspensilis / that his wyf myght st••••de in that Orchard and see home in to hir owne countrey where she was born and she was darius doughter· Darius was astrages sonne Astrages heet assuerus also ¶ Also this kyng beseged Tirus thre yere and thre monethes R Nethehes Marcianus speketh not of this second nabugodonosor but he sayth that euil marodoth and Balthasar were bretheren ¶That tyme were in theyr flowres Anaximander and Anaximines Philosophres ta¦les disciples Petrus 162 ¶ This Nabugodonosors brother Enylmerodach began to regne whan his broder was dede and anon he toke Ioachiin king of Iuda out of prison that had be in prison & in bandes seuen and thyrtty yere and he sette his trone aboue all kynges trones that were with hym in babilon / he did hym this grace & mercy· ffor his broder nabugodonosor in the ty¦me of his fader meschyef had doo many euil dedes / and whan his fader was restored ayene· to his owne shap· he put his broder E∣nylmerodach in pryson that was accused to his fader / And Io∣achim was there in pryson vnto the deth of the second Nabugo¦donosor ¶Therfor this enylmerodach whan he began to regne to¦ke Ioachym oute of pryson for he drad lest his fader wold rise from deth to lyue as he was somtyme tourned fro the shappe of a beest in to the shap of mankynde ¶And by counseyle and loore

of this Ioachim / he toke out of the erth his faders body and cutte it in an honderd peces & deled the peces to an honderd vulters for to ete· For Ioachim sayd his fader shold neuer ryse er al the vul¦ters come to geder ¶ This enylmerodach had thre sonnes one beyght egessarius & regusar that other hight labo sardachus & the thyrd heyght nabar and Balthasar to hym fylle the kyng∣dome Petrus 169 / ¶In this enylmerodachs ••••me was Su∣zanna accused that is not in danyels booke of hebrew / but is cle∣ped a fable not for feynyng that is therinne but for somwhat fals is rade therinne of the preestes that they were stoned to deth For Ieromye sayth that they were brent in fy••e ¶ Also for we saye that it was wryten of danyel and natheles it was writen of one that was of Grece· and that semeth wel by som̄e maner acordyng of / wordes that be not in hebrew

¶ Capitulum 3

BAlthasar regned in caldea and in Babyloyne in his first yere daniel sawe his iiij sighte of the iiij wyndes in the see that is four angels of the four beestes. Of the lyon the bere the pardus and the boor that is of the four chefe kyngdoms of the world and of the ten hornes that is of the other ten smal kynge¦doms that sprang oute of the fourth beeste· and shold be subdu¦ed of a lytel horne that is Antecrist Petrus 163 ¶This ante∣criste vnworthy of the lygnage of dan. shalbe borne of the seed of fader and of moder in a derke place of Babylone and after that he is conceyned an euyl spyryte shal lyght in to his moders wombe and by vertu of him the child shal afterward be yned born and waxen and be cleped the child of losse dr of lesyng And thre of the firste ten hornes be smyten of his face that is to say he shal slee first thre kynges of thylk ten the kyng of Affri¦ca the kyng of Egypte & the kyng of ethyopia & then the other seuen kynges shal yelde them to that fals vyctour antecrist· He shal haue wonder wytte and connynge for by wytchecrafte he shal worche wonders and fynde tresour that is hidde· He shal circumside hym and clepe him self messias that is cast Iewes shal falle to hym and he shal buylde the temple ayene and sette his trone therinne / he shal torne men to hym with drede with yef¦tes and with wonder werkes that he shal worche / He shal slee

Enoc & hely he shal greue god almyghties holy people that shal be bitaken vnto his hande vnto the tyme and tymes and halfe a tyme that is vnto a yere and two yeres and half a yere·

¶ And Remigius seyth that Antecrist shal feyne hym deed and aryse agayne But atte laste criste shal slee hym owther by his owne hecst or by seruyce of seynt michael tharchangel ¶And Ieronimus super danielem saith that Antecrist shal be slayn in his owne tente in the monut of Olyuete where crist as∣cended in to heuen And Remygius sayth that crist shal not come vnto the dome till Antecrist be slayn but men that shal be saued shal haue fyf and fourty dayes for to doo penaūce· Therfor take hede that though it be wryten in mathewe & in marc. 13 / that no man knoweth that houre but the fader allone / yet goddes sonne knoweth itfor he is the same god that is the fader. But therfor it is sayde that he knoweth it not for he maketh not vs knowe it that be his lymmes and holy chirche her in erthe ¶ It is not spedeful to vs to knowe that day Austyn in glosa sayth / The last day is vnknowen to vs for we sholden bewar of all and soo we shulden lyue alway as though we sholden be demed to day· or to morow Trogus libro secundo ¶About that tyme at Athe¦ne after the deth of salon the wise one Phisistratus botte him self that he bledde and sayd that the grete maystres hadden beten him soo for loue that he had to the peple and comyntee ¶ Therfor were many knyghtes assigned to kepe him and he regned at a∣thene four and thyrtty yere Pol̄ libro octauo ¶The wyf of this egged him for to slee one that had kysshed his doughter. in the high wey and he answerd and sayde. yf we 〈◊〉〈◊〉 them that louen vs what shal we doo to hem that haten vs / ¶ Daniel sa∣we the fyfthe sighte and visyon of the whether or sheep that had hornes not alle lyke / that is to vnderstande of the kyngdome of medes and of perses and of goot buck that is the grete Alysan¦der that was drad and bytokened by that buk and on hym gre∣we four hornes that were his successours One lytel horne that is Anthyochus epyphanus come of one of the four hornes for he come of Selencus that was somtyme plegge and prysonner at Rome / but he escaped thens and wente and warred in the kyngdom and defowled the temple. The sixth sight of daniel was whan Balthasar with his concubynes drank of the vessel of the temple of oure lord· the whiche vessayle his grauntsyre the gre••e nabugodonosor had krought out of Iherusalem·

Balthasar sawe an hand wryte byfore hym on the walle these wordes / Mane techil Phares / that is to vnderstonde nōbre wight and delyng whiche daniel expouned and sayde god hath tolde & nombred thy kyngdom that is now fulfilled / For the first thou art weyen in a balance and founden that thou hast lasse that is thou lyuest lasse while than thou wendest For the second· thy kyngdom is deled from the and yeuen to the perses ¶ ffor the third than the same nyght cirus and darius come and toke the cyte babylon and slough balthasar Oracius whan Cirus had wonne the eeste landes and come toward Babyloyn / the Ryuer Eufrates let hym and a bold knyght and a fayr that the kyng loued wel auentured hym in to the water and was drowned Than the kyng was sory and wroth and made his auowe / that he wold make that grete Riuer so shalde withoute depnesse that the water sholde not come to womens knees / that wolde wade ouer Therfor in the brode feldes he departed the Ryuer in foure honderd and thre score chanels and so destroyed the Ryuer that was woonte to renne thurgh the myddel of Babyloyne and so enemyes wente in and toke the cyte that me wold wene myght not be buyld ne destroyed by mannes dede ¶ Petrus 165 / Somme wryte that Balthasars moder for whome the orchard suspensilis was made was darius doughter and for Balthasar had no sonne darius Cyrus came socyed and ioyned to Cyrus. occupyed that kyngdom Petrus 166 ¶Whan Balthasar was slayne / Darius torned the kyngdome of Babyloyne and of cal∣dea to the perses and medes That yere befell the seuenth vysion of danyel / For danyel sued darius til he was done and putt in to the pyt••e of lyons in medea for that he worshipped god And the same yere befelle the echt auision of danyel for the An∣gel gabryel certefyed him of the fynal takyng and bondage co¦mynge by the Romaynes ¶ And of the comyng of Crist after seuenty wekes of yeres· For Gabryel sayd seuenty short wekes be vpon thy people / that be wekes sette not of dayes but of yeres. So that one weke conteyned seuen yere ¶And he sayd shorte wekes For we sholde vnderstande yeres of the mone / and not of the sonne For a yere of the mone is shorter by xj dayes than an yere of the sonne Treuisa ¶A yere of the sonne is from a day of the yere to the same another yere but an yere of the mone is from pryme in a monethe of the yere to· the firste prime in the same moneth of another yere & that wyl be enleuen dayes rather

in the second yere than in the first yere / Ensample whan pryme goth by one than fallyth the pryme the thre and twenty day of Ianuary and the next yere after it shal falle the xij day of Ianuary. And that is enleuen dayes rather Than it sueth in this¦tory / Than seuenty wekes of yeres of the sonne maketh foure honderd yere four score and ten / Beda rekeneth this seuenty we∣kes of yeres of the Mone from the twenty yere of Artaxzerses the kyng that yere neomyas had leue and bylde the temple vn¦to the xviij yere of Tiberius cezar / that yere crist suffred deth Affrycanns history acordeth with bede touchyng the begynnyng but he endeth the seuenty wekes in the xv yere of Tiberius Ce∣sar in that yere crist was baptysed. ¶ Tercullianus rekene••h this yeres from the firste yere of Darius. that yere was goddes worde shewed to danyel til titus destroyed the temple. ¶ The ix auysyon of Danyel was of a man clothed in lynnen whos bodye was of Crisolitus / And the tenth sighte was of the after fo∣lowyng of the kynges of Perse and of kynge Alysaundres suc¦cessours and of antecrist ¶Danyel sawe the thyrd yere of cyrus kyng of Perse R It is vncertayne how long daniel lyued but nethles me redeth in the first chapyt••e of his booke that he dured vnto the firste yere of Cyrus

¶ Capitulum quartum

AFter the deth of darius of media that was made assuerus ether Astiages sonne Cirus helde the hole kyngdom of the Este and sette his see in percia though the kyngdome of Media were more worshipful for the men of Percia had auaunced hym to be kyng / This Cyrus was darius sister sonne and Astya∣ges doughter son•• ¶ Trogus libro primo ¶Astiages otherwy∣se called assuerus had but one doughter & he mette in hes sleepe that a vyne sprange oute of his doughters priue chose / and by∣spradde al· Asia ¶Than dreeme reders expowned this swe•••• and sayde that his doughter shold haue a child that shold be lord of asia and put hym out of it Than the kyng drad and yaue his doughter to a symple knyght that was pryuely born for his doughter shold bere no noble child / And also whan his dough∣ter was with child he toke hir to hym and whan the. child was borne. he betoke it to one Arpagus that was his secretary for he

shold slee the child. And he trowed that the kyngdome shold somtyme falle to the kynges doughter / and bitoke the child to an heerd that kept the kynges beestes / and comanded hym to ley the child in a woode there to be deuoured / And whan the heerde had leyde the child in the wood he tolde his wyf therof whiche was lyghter of child the same tyme and she prayd that he wold fette the child to hir and she wold nowrysshe hym and that he wolde leye her owne sonne in the woode for him / And whan the herd came to the chyld he founde a bytche yeuyng it sowke and kept it from beestes and fowles ¶ Petrus 173 And whan the child was brought to the herdes wyf / it made to her good semblaunt as though it had knowen hir / and she na∣med the child spartatus that is a welpe in the langage of perse And whan the child was of age and strength and that he couth goo aboute and play with childer his play feres called him Cy¦rus and made hym her kynge in playes and he chastysede soore them that were rebell to his heestes wherfor the fader of the chil¦d••e were aggreued and compleyned to kyng Astyages on the heerdes sōne. than the kyng sente after the childe. and axed why he ferd so with the childer. he answerd boldly and sayde that he did so as a kyng shold The kyng wondred that the child was so bold and so stydfast and toke hede that the child had signes and tokenes of a kyng / and he toke the herde a syde pryuely and lerned the soth all how it stode ¶ Netheles the drede of his ne¦uew was aslaked for he trowed that the meanyng of his dreme reders was· fulfylled in the kyngdome of childer Therfore to the same man Arpagus· to whoome he hadde rather bytake the childe to slee he bytoke tho hym to nouryssh and to fede / & tolde hym that that child was the herdes sone· but he made arpag{us} pri¦uely ete his own child / for he had broken his heeste and whan he he ha d eten his child than he told him al / It befel that astiages made this Arpagus leder of his hoost for to werre ayenst his enemyes of perse and the kyng lefte him self in media ¶ Than Arpagus bythought hym and hadde in mynde of that euil dede that the kyng had done hym and conseyled thoost to chese cyrus and make hym the kynge of Perses and than they cleped hem Cyrus as they wold meane though astyages stryue this shal be heyre ¶Trogus libro primo In the mene tyme Arpagus sen¦te a letter to Cyrus that he shold haue mynde how he sauede hym and lost h••s owne child for loue of hym ¶ Arpagus myght

not sende this letter openly for the kyng. therfor he toke oute the bowels of an hare and put the letter within the hare. and for the fraude shold not be knowen he sent it on a daye as it were vene∣son And whan the letter was redde. Cirus was warned in his sleep that the first man that he mette erly on the morow he shold take hym with hym on his wey / Than erly on morow he mette one Sebar that was escaped oute of pryson and was borne in Perse / He dide of his gyues and ladde hym with hym to persi∣pol there he gadred the people and bade hem hewe doun a greete wode and made hem a greet feest a morowe / And whan he sawe them mury and wel at ease with mete and drynke he axed hem whether hem were leuer the trauayll of the rather daye· owther the feeste of that day Than Cyrus sayde who that foloweth the medes he shal haue the trauaylle of yist••rdaye and they that fo∣lowe me shal haue suche feestes / Than anone he arayed hem to batayll ayenst Astyages Petrus 173 / ¶ Than Astiages drad soore and made his cosyn darius to be his sonne adoptiuus. and whan the bataylls cam to geder and began to fight cyrus & perses began for to flee. than her wyues and her moders came fast ayenst hem and shewed hem her pryuee choses and axed of hem wol ye crepe in to your moders wombe & be born ayene / than the men were a shamed and tourned sodenly ayene and felle on her enemyes & hadden the vyctory Cyrus bare hym to astiages as his neuewe after the vyctory. and not as his vyctor for be graunted hym the kyngdom of hircans while he lyued. and he graunted the kyngedome of medes to his ••ame darius as to his moder brother and hoped that it shold torne to hym ayene ¶ Petrus 174 ¶ Cyrus whan he had herd ysayas prophecye that was wryton of hym an honderd yere and twenty bifore· in this maner to my crist whos right hande I haue take &c / he dely¦uerd the Iewes the first yere of his kyngdome and made free nygh fyfty thousand men and restored hem the holy vessels of gold / and of siluer fyue thousand and thre honderd and yaue hem leue to goo ageyne and bylde the temple in Iherusa∣lem ¶ Aggeus me••ued hem moost therto that was tho yong & not yet a prophete and also Zacharias the prophete meued hym / that blessyd salatiels sonne and cleped hym Zorobabel that is to say mayster of babylon ¶But for many of hem in caldea & hadden there possession and wyues and childre hem was the lo∣ther to goo thens and abyden vnto the thyrdde yere of Cirus

¶ Capitulum 5

DAnyel prayde. to god for the delyueranre of the peple and darius kyng of medes the first yere of his kyngdome pur∣posed to delyuer the people but he dyed sone and he fulfylled it not· Therfor Cyrus the firste yere of his kyngdome yafe the Ie∣wes the same leue but the peple was slowe therfor danyel prayd god that as he had yeuen the kynge wylle to delyuer the peple that he wold yeue the peple wyll for to wende homeward agayn ¶Petrus 174 ¶ Than the thyrd yere of Cyrus the Iewes wenten vnder Zorobobabel the duk and vnder Iohan the greete preeste and this was the lxx yere of the bondage and takyng so seyth Iosephus and Ieroms glose vpon Ezechiel / that tyme was from the / xiij / yere of Iosias the kynge to the thyrdde yere of Cyrus though eusebius in his Crony{que} by auctorite of Zacha¦rie the prophete sayth that the second yere of darius itapsis sonne was the lxx yere of this takyng and bondage Netheles it may be determyned in this maner The second yere of darius was lxx yere of the fyfth age of the worlde and of the destroyeng of the temple· But the thyrdde yere of Cyrus was the lxx yere of the first takyng that was don the xiij yere of Iosias the kynge Than the Iewes went hoome agayne and leyde the fundament of the temple and the Samarytans herd therof and came to hem and asisted hem to buylde the temple for they worshipped all one god and had vnderstande moyses bookes The Iewes answerd and seyden though we worshipe one god· netheles it falleth not vs to byld one hows / Therfor the samaritans were wroth / & let her werk with suggestions and with yeftes vnto the second ye¦re of darius Itapsis sonne ¶Orosius libro primo In kynge Cyrus tyme Phalaris a tyrant of Scicilia punysshed men ofte rightfully / though he were hym self vnrightfull ¶ Than one Parilius a craftes man of bras desired to plese the tyrant and made hym a brasen boole with a dore in the riyhtsyde / where men that were damp••d shold goo in to the boole for to be tormen∣ted and whan they were within and the dore closed and fyre made ther vnder the noyse and crye of hem that were tormented shold passe by dyuerse wyndinges and tornynges so that it shold seme grisely roryng of booles and of beestes / and not mannes gronyng But Phalaris the tyrant was wele apayed with the dede an•• wroth with the doer and made hym first essaye the

torment that he had wickedly brought vp to torment other men and punysshed the craftes man by the craft that he had founden ¶That yere befelle that that me redeth of Cresus the ryche king of Liddus: For whan Cyrus werred ayenst the babilons Cres{us} kyng of lyddes helpe the babylons but he was ouercomen and fledde / And whan the Babylons were sessed Cyrus toke Cre∣sus and dide by hym grete worship. and that tourned to eyther of them grete profyte ¶For the strengthe that come out of grece to werre ayenst cyrus torned agayne for the curtosye that was done to cresus ¶ This Cresus hadde a doughter that hight / Fa¦natica whiche hadde a spyryt of prophecie / and euer counseylled hir fader to leue the warre / wherfor cresus axed counseyll of god¦des that begyled hym with a vers and a worde of double vn∣derstandyng Cyrus alym passe shall / And than kyngdomes many lese Therfor Cresus was rebel ayenst Cyrus and was taken the thyrdde tyme Petrus 176 ¶ Cyrus smote Cre∣sus besides the Ryuer Alim and brought the lyddes. that were noble men of Armes by sleght to wrechednes and sleuth / For whan they hadde loste her horses and theyr armure he made hem to vse tauernes pleyes iapes and nyce craftes with comyn wo∣men and strompettis and euyl lyuyng men / And in this manere as it were shewyng loue and good wylle he ouercome by liking and lechery hem that he myghte not ouercome by bataylle / And soo the kyngdome of lyddes faylled that had stonde two honderd yere and one and thyrtty ¶ Trogus libro primo ¶ Ther had be noble kynges of lyddes but none so gracious as Candalus that louede his wyf to moche by cause of hir beautee / and wolde speke of hir and preyse hir to alle manere men and atte laste he shewde her nakede to one Gygy that was his owne felawe / By that dede he made his felawe a spouse breker and his owne ene¦mye And therfor he lost bothe his kyngdome and his wyf

¶ Eutropius ¶ Capitulum 6

THe seuenth and the last kynge of the Romaynes hadde thre names Lucius tarquinus and Superbus / He slough his wyues fader Seruius tullius and regned fyue and twenty yere·

This foūde vp first diuse maner tormentes among the romains as bandes boleyerdes plates battes prysons gyues cheynes out lawyng and exylyng / he ouercome the vultes and the gabyes & made pees with the tuscans / Augustin{us} de ca / li 2 ca 14· Atte last he bylde a temple of Iupiter in the hille carpelus & for they foū∣de a mannes heede in that place while they· digged they cleped that place capitolium / wherfore theyr prophetes & dyuynes tolde that that place shold be heede of the world· Titus li{us} / & aug{us} de ci li· 1. ca 19· Somtyme while this tarquinus superb{us} besieged the Cyte ardea that was rebell to Rome / his sonne tarquinus sextus and lucrecias husbonde tarquinus collatinus satte at soper and talkede of the chastyte of her wyues / lette be quod collatinus· & lette theyr owne dedes preyse our wyues / therfor as it were by assent they came by nyght to Rome and founde lucrecia all one wakynge aboute wol werke and other mennes wyues were a sleepe and somme aboute gyglotrye· wherfor Sixtus tarquinus wayted his tyme and was lodged with lucrecia in gestwyse· and cam vpon her while she slepte with his swerde drawen to lig¦ge by hir maugre her teth And sayde but thou suffre me lye by the I shal put a naked churle deed withthe in bed. and thou shalt ligge deed with hym also / Than whan this sextus had done that dede the woman went hir wey sorowfully / and sente to hir fader and husband and prayed them to come home out of the hoost & enformed them the mishappe that hir was bifalle· & they yaue feyth and credence to hir messagier and she toke wreche of the de¦de and slough hir self bifore hem with a priue knyf that she ba∣r•• ¶ R Wysemen here saye that lucrecia here slough not hir self· for no vertu but for shame & for angre for neither mā ne womā shold be punysshed without gylt / neyther gylt without Iugge / But for the romaynes coueyte moost praysyng of men & world¦ly worshipe This lucrecia had drede yf she lyued after that de¦de lest the peple wold wene that she were assentyng to the dede / And therfore in token that she was sory therof / in conseruynge hir good loos and name and in a voydyng the despyte. and in example of good women he wold no lenger lyue / Of this happe speketh a dytour or retricion as seynt austyn de ci li 1 ca 19 tou∣cheth tweyn ther were and one brake spousage / Eutr. By cause of this dede the people gadred to geder / and putte downe and deposed his fader· from his kyngdome / and exyled hym and his childer ¶ The hooste that was with the kynge at Ardea

forsoke tarquinus the kinge And whan the kyng came to ro∣me and fonde the yates closed ayenste hym / he and his childre wente away / After that kynges were put oute of the Cyte and two consuls were ordeyned to gouerne the comontee. that were Iunius brutus and tarquinus collatinus lucrecias husband but er the yeres ende lucrecias husbād was put out of his offi¦ce of cōsul for hate of his name bicause he was callyd tarquinus For the / romains wold that no man that bare that name shold bere offyce in the cyte •• neyther dwel therin / And that in despyte of the spouse brekyng that tarquinus sextus had done R Austyn de / ci / de / li / 2 / ca / 14 / & .15 / Seyth that lucrecias husbond was put out of his offyce within the yere by fraude of his fela¦we that other consul· Augustin{us} / li. 3 ca / 14 & Titus / Whan Tar¦quinus was soo put of he sente messagiers in to the cyte and his messagiers had pryue coūseil with the sonnes of brutus the con∣sul and with vicilles the bretheren of brutus wyf· The counseyl was that Tarquinus shold be brought to his estate in the cyte agayne / but this came out by a seruaunt of the vycellyes / and was knowen and told to the Senatours / Than brutus the con¦sul did them to deth euerychone R Virgile speketh herof in fine sexti libri eneidis ¶Eut^o. libro primo / ¶ Than Tarquin{us} gadred help on euery syde and warred ayenst the cyte for he ho∣ped to be restored in that maner / and in the encountrynge and fyghtyng Brutus· the conseyll and Arnus tarquinius slough eyther other and tarquinus faught thryes in thre yere ayenste the Romaynes and was onerco men ¶ Therfor he went in to tus¦culus with his wyf and lyued there fourtene yere / But the for∣seyd brutus the consul / was soo poure whan he dyed that he had no money to burye hym with but as it was gadred among the peple / ¶ Petrus 176 & Trogus libro primo

¶ Capitulum 7

CIrus whan he had wonne Asia· he entended to warre a∣yenste the Schites. there thanurus the quene of / Shites & messagetes that be al one nacion came ayenste hym / Though she myght haue withstande his entre in to hir londe and all hir ene∣myes / and haue holden hem of atte passage of the Ryuer Arex∣es / Netheles she wylfully suffred them entre to haue the esyer fyghtyng within the lande that she knewe ¶ Also for the Ry¦uer hehynde hir enemyes shold lete not them escape by flyght /

Cyrus sett his pauylon within her lande with grete plente of me¦te and drynk and feyned hym to flee· and withdrawe hym as it were for drede ¶ The Quene had sent hir yong sonne with the thriddele of hir hoost ayenst Cyrus. and whan he come to the deynteous mete and drinke he was vnconnyng of chiualrye and he and his men were rather ouercomen with dronkenesse. than with dedes of Armes Than Cyrus cam vpon him and slough hym. whan the Quene herde therof / she wepte not therfore / But for solace and comfort she desired to take wreche / and begyled Ci¦rus with suche a maner gyle ¶She as it were fleyng for hir sonne that was new wounded drough Cyrus in to a narow va∣leye bytwene highe hilles and slough Cyrus and two honderd thousand of his mē of pers· so that not one escaped to bere home ty¦dynges ¶ The Quene bade smyte of Cyrus heede and throwe it in a fflaket ful of mannes bloode / and despysed hym in this ma¦ner / nowe fylle thy self with the bloode that hast euer desyred & thus Cyrus was dede after that he had regned nobly and ry∣ally thrytty yere and alway done grete dedes ¶ Petrus 178

¶Capitulum 8

CAmbyses Cyrus sonne regned after his fader / Esdras cle¦peth him artarxerses & assuerus / Netheles in the story of iudith he is called nabugodonosor In this cambyses tyme bifell that is redde in thystory of Iudith / Trogus 189. And no won∣der though he were soo cleped for his owne fader Cyrus callyd him nabugodonosor and while he was a lyue he made this cam¦bises that was his owne sonne to regne twelue yere amonge the Assyryes in nynyue. ¶ But atte last whan his fader was deed· he helde the hole kyngdom of the eest eyght yere This cam¦bises suffred not the temple of Iherusalem to be buylde durynge all his tyme Also the first yere of his hole kyngdom he slough Arphaxath that wolde haue regned in Media / while he wold be worshiped in stede of god of Israel as he was ouerall Iudith the wydowe slough Olyfernes the prynce of his hooste in the Siege of Bethulia the second yere of his empyre Than Cambyses the fyfth yere of his kyngdome destroyed E∣gypte / He forsoke the vsages therof and destroyed the temple and buyld Babylonia in egypt / And whan he torned thens / he dyed in Damask the viij yere of his kyngdome.

Valerius libro sexto This cambyses made stryke of the skin¦ne of a Iugge for he had yeuen fals Iuggement and made hem to sprede and to take / it aboute the chayre / there as the Iugge shold sytt in plee for to deme and made that Iugges sonne Iug∣ge in that place in stede of his fader / and made suche versus to be wryton vpon the chayre syttynge on this see / Iustice looke thou stydfast be / Kepe hande and eke eeres from yeftes and from mennes prayers / Take lanterne lawe / lyght vnder skyn to dra∣we / Thou sittist in place yet· where thy fornfader was sette / Trogus libro primo et Petrus decimo octauo

¶ Capitulum 9

AFter Cambyses one hermeydes that was one of the seuen wyse men that Rewled the kyngdome of Perses wedded Cambises doughter and made it as though he wold not regne by the tytle of his wyf· but as though he wolde haue kepte the kyngdome to one Mergus Cambyses brother. that yet was a yong childe· Netheles cambyses hadde slayne bifore this merg{us} within the temple and noo man wyst therof / but this wyseman hermeydes· ¶After seuen monethes of his kyngdome this Her∣meydes lyeng on his deth bed and he hadde a fayre yonglyng to brother ordeyned hym kynge / and sayd that that Ionglynge was Mergus Cyrus sonne and Cambyses brother. Suche hy∣dyng of kynges myght lyghtly be done in Perse. For no man goth in to the kynges of Perse but men of meyne / One of the wysemen beganne to haue suspection of this doynge and hadde a doughter amonge the kynges concubynes & charged his dough∣ter pryuely· that she shold by nyght grope the kynges heed and take heede yf he hadde eeres / And whan it was knowen by the wenche that the kynge had none eeres· the vij. wyse men conspy∣red to geder & slough hym / & so these two bretheren regned scar∣sely one yer / thā thes vij wise mē treated bitwene hem self which of hem shold wedde the kynges dough•• & be king of that kingdō than al they acorded that they shold erly a morowe come in to a place of the palyce bifore the tēple yates & whos hors neyde first he shuld be kynge by the shewyng of the goddes / Than one of hem darius I••apsis sone spak pryuely with the keper of his hors and charged hym that he shold make his hors assaylle a mare that nyghte in the same place / where they shold come to geders

a morowe So it was done and when· the wysemen came to ge∣ders on the morow anone darius hors began to neye for he had mynde of the mare and so darius was made kyng and regned six and thyrtty yere

¶ Capitulum 10

DArius regned ouer an honderd and seuen and twenty pro¦uynces and Zorobabel Salatyels sonne was right famy¦lyer with hym and hadde counseylled hym er he were kynge. that he shold make his auowe to god of Isrl̄ that if he were kyng he sholde restore the temple of god and yelde the holy vessels a∣gayne ¶ Therfor Zorobabel began boldly to bylde the temple and Zacharyas and aggeus the prophetes comforted hym 〈◊〉〈◊〉 therto And sayde that god was wroth with hem by cause god∣des hows was desolate and they dwellyd in howses that were wel bylde and sayden that it was a token of goddes wrath that they sewe moche and gadred lytil ¶But the Prynces of perse that weren beyonde the Ryuer letted the werke of the temple ¶ Therfor Zorobabel wente to darius and had grete worship of hym and slept in his owne Chambre Ioseph{us} lib••o vndecimo ¶The kynge putte forth a redels erly a morowe and axed of the thre wardens of his body which quod he is strengest of thes thre· kynge wyne or woman· And promysed him yeftes that gaf rediest answer The first said that the king is strengest of all for this skylle for a man is aboue al beestes and the kyng is a∣boue men and men doth al thyng that he commaundeth

The second sayde that wyne is strengest by this reson The kyng is not aboue other men but by strength of his wytte and wyne ouercometh the strengthe of mannys wytte ¶Zorobabel sayd a woman is strenger than eyther of the tweyne / and women yeueth lyf and fedynge to kynges and to hem that sette vynes. and whan kynges be comen to strength they Ieoparde theyr lyf for women and he tolde that he sawe a kynges concubyne yeue the kynge buffettis And whan she lough the kynge lough and whan she was wroth the kyng was wroth also Netheles he said Truthe is strenger than all these thre For all thes be they neuer so fayr so grete and strong they shal passe and fayle but sothnes and truth shal neuer dye ne chaūge but euer dure· this sentence plesyd moore alle men and the kynge graunted him the vessels

of the temple / and lycenced hym to goo and buylde the temple and yaue hym lettres of warrant that no man shold lette him Than the second yere of darius ytapsis the eicht moneth the werk men wrought for to bylde the temple and fulfylled it the seuenth yere that was the sixe and fourty yere of the kyngdom of perses from the firste yere of Cyrus / whan they had leue to buylde the temple •• And so it is sothe that is sayde in the gospel in six and fourty yere this temple was bylde Whan the temple was byld it was halowed the twelue moneth that is in marche ¶ And this is the second halowing of the temple and was done in mar¦che Netheles the first halowiyng in Salamons tyme was done in heruest The thyrdde was done in wynter in Iudas Machabe{us} tyme ¶Petrus 182 Also this yere the fyre that was taken a∣waye of the Aulter the first yere of the takyng in to bondage & hidde in a pytte it was founde brennyng / Of the Shryne of the testament how and whan the Iewes came there to it is vncertayn

¶ But yf it be sothe that epyphanius that the shryne sholde not come oute of the den of the stone where Ieremyas had hid¦de it til the day of dome ¶ Than it is sothe that the hebrewes made a nother to the lykenes of the old shryne that moyses ma∣de ¶ For it is redde that among the prayes that the Romay∣nes toke oute of the Iewry they toke the shryne of god a can delstyk and a mete boord ¶ And soo whan the temple was ful buyld in the monethe of Marche Aggeus and Zacharyas dyed ¶This yere kynges were putte oute of Rome and con¦suls began to rule the comonte as it is sayd byfore / ¶ And there were made twey consuls that yf that one wold outrage / that other myght refreyne And thes twey consuls were chosen and chaunged from yere to yere leste they wold outrage yf theyr offyce dured long tyme Titus ¶ After that Tarqui∣nius was put out of Rome the Romaynes hadden peas among hem self while Tarquinius warred ayenst hem ¶ But in the fyfthe yere beganne stryfe bytwene the greete Reu••ers. and the Comonte / in this manere / ¶ It was vsage and customme amonge the Romaynes that w••rriours sholde werre vpon her owne coste But tho by cause that they warred ofte they muste borowe moneye of the greete Maystres. and of the Reulers of the Cyte. And the dettours that myghte not paye her moneye / at her daye they were putte in prysonne / ¶ And ther∣fore beganne stryfe / and the comynne people wente thre myle

out of the cyte vnto the hille moūt sacer but atte laste pees was made vpon suche a condicion that the peple shold haue grete mais¦tres and trybunes that shold mayntene and defende hem ayenst the grete

¶ Capitulum 11

PIctagoras the philosopher dyed that tyme. Trogus li / 22 This was of the naciō of samia a rich marchaūtes sone cal¦l••d 〈◊〉〈◊〉 but pictagoras was wel richer than his fader for he might forsake more than his fader might gete. this wēt first in to egipt & aft in to babilō to lerne the cours of the sterres & to kno¦we the beginning of the world / Thens he torned agayn in •• creta and lacedomonia for to knowe mynoys and ligurgus lawe ¶Than he torned to the Cyte called Ciuitas Croconiorum that was all out of rule And there he was twenty yere and taught there vertues and thewes and taught their fader and moder chil¦dre and old women euery by hym self and atte laste he wente to Mechapontus and dyed there Th•••• same sentence is wryten of hym pol libro septimo capitulo quarto ¶ But there is more putto in this maner pyctagoras with ofte disputynge bro••••hte aboute that olde moders put away her noble aray of gold and of other royalte as thaugh suche 〈◊〉〈◊〉 were Instrumnet to leche∣rye and therfor they dyde hem away and offred hem in the tem∣ple of Iuno Pyctagoras sayd that chastyte is veray ••oble a∣ray of 〈◊〉〈◊〉 modree•• Thre honderd yongmen were sworn to ge∣der and lyued in a felawship by hem self as it were a company of pryuy conspyracy ayēst hym & tornned the Cyte ayenst hem self So that the people of the Cyte gadred hem in to one hows / and wold haue brent 〈◊〉〈◊〉 and in that stryf were sixty dede and the other were exyled This pyctagoras was of greet auctoryte in old tyme 〈◊〉〈◊〉 his oppynyon passed al other mennes sentences Also it was y••ow to conferme ony sentence yf pyctagoras sayd soo Val̄ libro tercio capitulo sep••••mo ¶ They that herd hym dide hym so greete worship that they sayd It is not lawful to make neyther doute ne question of loore that he had taught And me axed hem ony reason of sawes that me sayde they yafe none other answer but that pyctagoras sayd so Isidorus libro pri∣mo sayth that pyctagoras founde firste this letter / Y· to the lyke∣nesse of mannes lyf Agel libro octauo capitulo octauo

Alle the money that ony of Pyctagoras company had it was openly put forth among hem and soo the company was stydfast and true / ¶ Also they that came to his loore axed besyly of thewes and of kynde of castyng of mouth and of semblaunt of aray and shape of body ¶Also he ordeyned couenable tyme to be stylle and to speke / Hugo didascolus Pyctagoras had this maner by the seuen sciences / none of his scolers shold bifore se∣uen yere ax•••• reason ne skylle but besyly herkynge what he sayde· And he sholde byleue what the mayster sayde til that he had said and soo than he myght hym self fynde skylle and reason Poē. libro septimo This Pyctagoras vsed so grete contynence and abstynence that he ete neyther fisshe ne flessh ¶ Also after his deth men wonderd so moche of hym and his Auctoryte was so grete that men made a temple of his hows and worshipped hym in stede of god and in caas toke occasion of his sawe· For he sa¦yde whyle he was on lyue that a philosophres hows is an holy place of wytte and of wysedome and veray temple of god Also he taught men to byleue that mennes sowle shal neuer dye but lyue for euermore and for to haue mede or peyne after the deseruyng in theyr lyf netheles me sayth that he brought wicked¦ly the fable of a thousand yere after the deth ¶Ieronimus con¦tra Ruf Pyctagoras sayth that sowles after the deth passe frō body to body And virgilius sexto eueydis sayth ofte they begyn to wylle to torne to body Tullius de natura deorum libro tercio / Whan Pyctagoras fonde newe conclusion in geometrye he wol∣offre an ••xe to the muses and that I trowe was done for he wol¦de not offre to Appolyn delphicus. for he wolde not sprynge the Aucter with blood ¶Treuisa ¶ 〈◊〉〈◊〉 is wonder to speke of the muses for som̄e poetes feyne that the muses were 〈◊〉〈◊〉 doughters of Iupyter and of mynde And somme seyn that they were the doughters of meno and of tesbia ¶Pol̄ li 5 capitulo quarto Men of Athene brente Pyctagoras bookes and exyled hem al∣so for they doubted of her goddes whether 〈◊〉〈◊〉 were soth or noo / of somwhat that me spak of her goddes ¶Agellus libro quinto Whan that Pyctagoras was yong and was besy to gete spede∣ful man beryng of byrthens to gete his lyuelode with / he bare a byrthen of many Iuy stalkes bounden in a short roop Demo¦critus the philosopher mette hym· and sawe the yonglynge doo spedyly his dedes and hadde his byrthen bounden as it were by craft of geometrye and axed hym who had bounden that fagott

I sayde Pyctagoras· than he made hym vndoo the byrthen and bynde it agayne. And sayth syth thou hast wytte for to doo wel yf thou wold folowe me thou shalt doo wel better dedes and he graunted and lerned of hym philosophye Pol̄ libro quinto One Auallius riche and yong come to Pyctagoras for to lerne parfyght maner of spekyng and payd hym half his moneye be¦fore er be lerned and that other half he shuld pay that day that he made plee bifore a Iugge and had the maystrye ¶Atte laste whan he had connynge of speche he forsoke his facunde and his connyng bifore pleders as me troweth for he wold not pay that he owed to his mayster Pyctagoras toke counseyll and som∣moned hym bifore Iugges and began in this maner lerne thou yong foole that that I axe is dette to me by either wey for yf I ou{er}come the in this cause than by right it is dette to me / And yf the dome is yeuen for the than is it dette to me by couenaunte / for than thou ouercomest and haste the maystrye / Naye sayd Auallius but lerne wyse mayster that by nether waye I shall pay the that thou axist· for yif it be demed ayenst me than shal I not paye by dome / and yf it be demed ayenst me than shal I not by couenaunt for I haue not the maystrye ¶Than the Iugges sawe that the cause was brygous as it were an insoluble & con∣tinued the sentente of Iuggement to a long day ¶So it is red∣de amonge the men of Athene that a woman poysened hir hus∣band and hir owne sonne / for they had wickedly slayne hir sone and her heyr that she had by hir fyrst husbande ¶The old Iug∣ges respyted theyr Iuggement till an honderd yere ¶ For on that one side was grete sorowe to assoylle and in that otherside a cruel dede to be dampned ¶Ysidorus libro secundo capitulo vise∣simo quarto ¶Though men rede that tubal of caimes lygnage was fynder of consonancye and of music bifore Noes flode Netheles me redeth among the Grekes that Pyctagoras founde the craft of musik̄ by sowne of hamers and by stretchyng of cor¦des and of strenges ¶Marian̄ libro secundo ¶It happed that Pyctagoras passed forth openly and herd smythes bete with ha¦mers / on hote yron & acorde eueryche to other in certayne ordre of sowne / For the sharpe sowne acorded to the grete and made the smythes to chaunge hamers / but the same acorde of sownyng fo¦lowed alway Than he toke hede that the hamers were of dyuse weyght and bade hym make greter hamers And from hamers he tornede hym to examyne strenges and streyned guttes· and

senewes of shepe and of beestes fastned to dyuerse weyghtes such weyghtes as he founden in the hamer and hadde suche song and acorde as the rather acordynge of hamers made with swetnesse of kyndly sowne of strenges Than whan he was connyng of so gret pryuete he began to fynde nombres by the whiche sownes acorde and so he spedde to make the craft of musik R ¶Ther∣for Tullius de tusculis questio libro quarto speketh of hym and sayth that Pyctagoras scolers couth brynge her mynde oute of strif of thoughte•• to reste by song and sowne of strenges ¶Augustinus ep̄ h contra Rut / Whan yonglynges were wyn dronken and wold breke the yates of chast women Pyctagoras bade pipers pipe a songe made by thendytyng of spondeus and whan they did soo / tho the bestyalyte of moeuyng of lechery ces∣sed by the slouth of the maner of tewnes· Seneca libro tercio de lira Pyctagoras with harpe and strenges cessed the distourban¦ce of wyttes ¶R Here wyse men I tell that Pyctagoras pas¦sed sōtyme by a smythes hows & herde a swete sown & acordyng in the smytyng of four hamers vpon an anueld and therfore he lette wey the hamers and founde that one of the hamers weyed twey so moche as another / Another weyed other half so moche as another And another weyed so moch as an other & the third dele of another· As though the first hamer were of vjl••̄ / the se∣cond of twelue / the thyrd of eycht· the fourth of nyne / As this figure sheweth / ¶ Whan these acordes were founden Pyctagoras yaf hem names and so that he cleped in nombre double. he clepede in sownes Dyapason / And that he clepeth in nombre other half he clepeth in sow¦nes Dyapente. & that that in nombre is called al & the thyrd dele hete in sownes dyatesseron / and that that in nombres is called al and the eyghteth dele heete in tewnes double dyapason as in me¦lodye of one strenge yf the stryng be streyned endlonge vpon the holownesse of a tree· and departed euen a two by a brydge sette ther vnder in eyther party of the streng the sowne shal be dyapa¦son yf the streng be streyned and touched▪ And if the strynge be departed euen in thre and the brygge sette vnder / So that it de∣parte bytwene the twey deles and the thyrdde than the lenger de¦le of the stryng yf it be touched shal yeue a sowne callyd dyates¦seron. And yf it be departed in nyne and the brigge sette vnder bytwene the laste parte and the other dele· than the lenger dele of the streng yf it be touched shal yeue a sowne that hete tonus

for nyne conteyneth echt and the eyght part of eyght as in this figure that foloweth

¶ Ieronimus contra rufū Many of Pyctagoras disciples kept her mais¦tres heestes in mynde and vsede her wytte & mynde in studye of bookes & taught that many suche prouerbes shal kytte & depar∣te sorowe from the body vnconnyng from the wytte lechery from the wombe / treson oute of the cyte / stryf oute of the hows Incon∣tynence and hastynesse oute of alle thynges ¶Also al that fren¦des haue shal be comyn A frende is the other of tweyne ¶ Me¦mot take hede of tymes ¶After god sothnesse shal be worshiped that maketh men be next god ¶Ysidorus libro octauo capitulo sexto

¶ Capitulum 12

THe name of philosophres had begynnyng of Pyctagoras / for old grekes callyd hym self sophistris that is wyse / but Pyctagoras whan me axed what man he was / he answerd and sayde that he was a Philosopher that is a louer of wytte and of wysedom for to clepe him self a wyseman it wold seme grete boost & pryde / Afterward other philosophres hadden her names of her auctours ¶And soo they that held pyctagoras loore / were cal∣led pyctogoraci· And they that helden Platoes loore were cleped platonici ¶Pol̄ libro primo Somme philosophres hadden na∣mes of contrees & so they that helden pyctagoras lore were cleped Italya / For Pyctagoras taught a grete contre of Italye / that somtyme was called the grete grecia / Other were callyd Io∣nyci / that hadden that name of the yonder grece / theyr Auctor & prince was tales and millesius Ysidorus libro octauo ¶Other had names of standyng and comyng to geders as stoycy· acha¦demice peripatetici Stoyci had that name of a porche of Athe∣ne called Stoa in the langage of grece ther in was peynted the grete beryng and dedes of wisemen. and of strong The firste of hem was yeuen that all synne was lyke grete and thus he mea∣ned that it were as grete synne to stele strawe as gold & to slee a knyght as an hors for the beest he saide is not to blame but the mannes wylle ¶ This Zenon̄ sayd that mannes soule shal dye with the body. Treuisa I wolde a wyseman had seen his water /

and powred it in his throte though it were a galon· ¶ Than it foloweth in the storye he and his scolers sayde that they shold not dure withouten ende and netheles they desired lif withouten ende Achademici hadden that name of platoes towne beside a thene called achademia and was in poynt for to falle· there pla¦to was woont for to studye ¶ This trowed al thyng was vn∣certaynly made / Archelaus brought vp that secte but democrit{us} made it more ¶But it must be graunted that many thynges be vnknowen and hidde fro mannes knowleche. ¶ So god wyl that many thynges passe the knowleche of man. And also ma∣ny thynges be that maye be knowen by mannes kyndly wytte / Paripatetici haue that name of wandrynge and of walkyng▪ for Aristotle was her Auctour and was wont to dispute wan∣dryng and walkyng· Augustinus de ciuitate dei libro octauo Ther be thre maner philosophres of kynde and taketh hede of kyn¦de of thynges suche were· tales Millesius Pyctagoras and they that helde her loore / And somme ethici that toke hede and taught the knowleche and connynge of gode lyuynge and of thewes •• Suche was Socrates and they that held his loore / and Plato specially and they that helde his loore Therfore amonge all he is preysed for a parfighte techer of Philosophi•• ¶ Ysidorus libro octauo capitulo sexto ¶ Therfor he is a veray phisosophre that hath knoheleche of thynges that longeth to god and to man and holdeth al maner way of rightful lyuyng / But of al manere of Philosophres they that were cleped dyuynes were reputed for moost excellent For they treated of god that is almyghty. Ne∣theles many of hem erred in treatyng of god and of the world And many came to the knowleche of god netheles they worship¦ped hym not as god / but vanysshede away in her thoughtis and sayd that they were wyse and they were made fooles. The err∣ours of hem brought in afterward many errours in holy chir∣che / Suche a fals errour is that dede men shal not ryse at the day of dome· and that euery martir is euen and pere to god Au∣gustinus de ciuitate dei libro octauo / capitulo decimo / ¶ They that had right knowleche of god profyted moche to the knowle¦che of truth and suche was plato that sayd that in god is cau∣se of beyng / reason of vnderstandyng and ordre of good lyuyng And therfor god is to vs begynnyng of kynde so••hnes of loore and grace of lyf· Also ther were Philosophres that trauaylled theyr wyttes to fynde and knowe cause of thynges and maner

of lyuyng· netheles they were mooste preysed that knewe god & where he is and that he is cause of al thynges that is wrought and lyghte of sothnesse and of truthe and welle of grace / that we shal drynke To this knowleche they come in this maner / they trauaylled theyr wyttes to fynde the best of all that is god They knewe that / that is no body for a body maye be fordone & corrupted for it is made of contrary thynges Also they toke hede that god is no lykenesse / that may be chaunged therfore he passed al bodyes and al lykenesses ¶The body is sene withoute the lykenesse of the bodye is in thought within & that that is in thought within / is no body but lykenesse of a bodye Than the lykenesse is knowen by a thyng that is nowther the lykenesse nowther the bodye and that that is lykenesse is seen and demed whether it be fayre owther fowle / is better than the thynge that is soo demed Ther is no fayrenesse of body whether it be in sta∣te of body as in shap of lengthe and brede owther in moeuynge as in songe but suche as the inwytte of man demeth / and that myght not be but yf ther were a better lykenesse in the inwytte without swellyng of body and cryeng of mannes wis without lengthe or space of the place and of tyme· But that is mannes thought and kynde in wytte of mannes sowle and that is no bo¦dy· syth that the lykenesse that is knowen therby is no body But and our inwytte is no body shold god make that our in wytte be a body / Also our inwytte is chaungeable and moeua∣ble / els sholde no mannes wytte knowe better than other· of that he felyth and knoweth neyther he that is wyttyer better than he that is duller / And yet· the same wytte amendeth and profyteth and demeth better after than byfore / But what that is amended and apeyred is chaungeable Than philosophres and dyuynes knewen wel that no thyng that is chaungeable may be but by hym that is a stydfaste and not chaungeable· to him is none other beyng than lyuyng. none other being than vnderstanding none other beyng than be wele ¶Eutr & Mariauns

¶ Capitulum 13

THe peple of Rome made stryfe as though they were mys∣ledde by the Senatours / therfore they made hym trybu∣nes as defendours of the people ayenste the consuls· Quintus

Marcius duc of Rome that had taken the vultes bifore. was putte oute of the cyte and was wroth and wente to the vultes· that he had rather taken and had help of hem and wente for to warre and destroye the countre fyue myle from Rome and ouer come efte the Romaynes and forsoke pees that they profered & cessed not to warre and greue the Cyte till his moder and his wyf came oute of the Cyte and prayde for the cyte ¶ Thre hon∣derd noble men called Familia Fabia faught allone ayenst the vegenses and weren smyten to deth The Romaynes be biseged in the mount algyd and lucius quincius delyuerd hem. he was taken from the plough and made a dictatour he wiped awaye his swat and toke on a royall gowne ¶ Egypte forsoke Darius kyng of Perse and wold not be vnder hym ¶Pompilia a may¦de at Rome was taken in lechery and was buryed quyck a lyue. Pyndarus and symonydes the poetes were tho in her flowres Trogus libro secundo After the deth of pisistratus the tyraunt of athene one of his sonnes toke a mayde by vyolence and laye by hir / and therfor the maydes brother slough hym ¶That other broder named Espyas helde the kyngdome of Athene after his fader and made hym be taken that had slayne his brother / and whan the mansleer was compellyd by torment to knowlege the men that were assentyng to the mannes deth. he accused and ap∣pelled all the hispias the tyraunces frendes / and whan they all were slayne hispias axede yf ther were ony moo consentynge to his broder deth And he answerd and sayde / There is no man alyue worthy to dye but thou allone ¶ Than the peple knewe the vertue of the yong man & put espyas oute of the cite Than hispias wente anone in to Perse to darius the kyng and exited him ayenst them of Athene ¶Orocius libro secundo This da∣rius after that he had rekeuerd by / bataylle the Assyryes and the Babylons that rebelled ayenst hym / he ordeyned batayll & warre ayenst Anticirus kyng of Schites for he had axed the ma¦riage of his doughter and had it not And wente forth with vij.C / thousande men of Armes and loste seuentythousand by so∣dayne reses & skarmysshes Netheles in retornyng he chastysed the macedoynes and the Iones Also he ordeyned a batayll ayenst the men of Athene for they helped and were assistente to Iones Netheles the men of Athene with ten thousande mette so many thousand / and were so glad for to fight / So that whan ther we¦re a thousand paas bitwene the shiltrons / the cours was so sped

that the strokes came bifore the enemyes ¶Than ther was soo strong fyghte· that they semed men on that one side and beestes on that other Trogus libro secundo The perses were ouerco∣me and fledde to theyr shippes. of the. whiche shippes many we∣re dreynt and many were taken In so grete a vyctorye it we∣re harde to telle who that gate the pryce / Netheles one Cynegy∣rus a knyghte of athene. after many grete dedes and slaughters pursued the perses that fledde to shippes there a shippe that was laded he held with his right hande til it was smyten of / and eft with the lif•• hande & lost it / and whan he had lost both his hādes he bote on and helde the ship with his teth so that the stok of a man faught with his teth as it were a woode beest ¶ Two hon∣derd of the perses dyed there with hipius the tyraunt / And sone afterwarde darius dyed the yere of his kyngdome xxxvij / and lefte many sonnes a lyue ¶ Amonge his sonns Artaxerses as he that was begeten in the kyngdome and he had the grete ci¦rus to his moder grauntsir that was auaunced to the kyngdom /

¶ Capitulum 14

ARtaxerses Darius sonne was the fyfth kyng of Perses / and regned twenty yere This wanne egypt that his fa¦der had lost and put out arysted· and warred fyue yere ayenste Grece as his fader had bigonne ¶ Iosephus sayth that vnder this Artaxerses the seuenth yere of his kyngdome Esdras wēt downe in to the Iewry and Neemyas the butl̄er wente downe the fyue and twenty yere and restored the lawes of Iherusalem in space of twelue yere And esdras him self saith that he went downe in Artarxerses tyme ¶ Trogus One damarachus was exiled out of Athene and dwellyd with kynge Artaxerses / & loued moore his owne lande after thexilyng than the kynge af¦ter that he had done hym moche good / and wrote alle the kyn∣ges purpoos in tables of tree and waxed the tables aboue the wrytyng and sende him by a pryuy messagier to the grete of A¦thene Than the men of Spartania aduysed hem longe what it it shold meane / ffor they sawe no wrytyng in the tables And atte last kyng leonydas sister fonde out the cōceyte of the wryter For she shaued of the wax and than the lettres were seen and

redde. and so they were warned of the warre / For Artaxerses hadde made redy ixCM of fyghtyng men / so that it semed that the hoost dryed vp the Ryuers for hem behoued so moche water Orocius libro 2 Artaxerses had seuen C· thousand fyghtynge men of his own kyngdome and iiijC thousande of helpe of other landes and shippes of warre with yren snowtes / ij / M / & / ijC. & thre thousand of other shippes wel arayed soo that the Ryuers semede scars for hem for to goo in and the see semed skars for hem to sayle in ¶ Than this grete rowte that was not habyly arayed to fyghte neyther free to goo forth and to renn•• / neyther redy to flee come bytwene places of Termopyles and four thou¦sand of sparnates fell vpon hem and leyden a downe and slough of hem thre dayes to geder ¶Valerius libro sexto ¶Whan the grete rowte was gadred to geder one of the perses sayd the gre∣kes shal not only be ouercomen but they shalle be alayed with the multitude of Perses and another spake and sayde the kynge shal haue no enemyes to kyth on his strength / Yet another spa∣ke & sayde the see is skars for oure shippes· townes be skars for our knyghtes & feldes for our other mē. ¶ Then̄e Damarach{us} answerd & sayde / here be so many mē that they may not be ruled And what maye not be ruled may not longe dure· and soo it be∣felle / ¶ For many that were nought rewled were ouercome of fewe that were wele ruled ¶Therfor whan the kynge was ouersette with them of Lacedomones / he sayd that he was begyled for he had soo many men and but fewe connyng in ba¦tell for to fyght ¶ Valerius libro tercio ¶ In that fygh∣tynge one of the grekes sayde to his felawe the sonne is derked with arowes and shotte of Perses / thou sayst wele seyd that other for we shold better fyght in shadowe than in hete of sonne /

¶Also me axed in grete despyte of one that halted / why he came in to the bataylle / And he answerd and sayde It is my purpoos to abyde and not to flee / And that befalleth wele for an halt man ¶ Trogus libro secundo ¶ Atte laste Leo∣nyda kynge of Athenes came on with four thousand men & bete downe a grete parte of the hooste of Perses and came vpon the re∣menaunt by nyghte whan they were a slepe / and slough of hem and chaced hem and brake and skayled the hoost euery fro other Artaxerses myshapped twyes for he was ouercomen in bateylle on the lande and wold essaye his fortune and happe vpon the Se•• / And there his men were beten & shad and skayled euery

from other / And he that had rather hilled & be spradde the See with grete shippes was disconfyte and for fere gladde to flee / & vnnethe escaped away in a fysshers bote / Also / ther deyde won∣der many for honger and many dede careyns laye in the feldes and afterward ther came a moreyn vpon the hoost / So that bees¦tes and fowles folowed the hoost by the smell of dede careyns Herodotus the wryters of historyes euripedes basylydes dya· goras and Sophocles the wryter of gestes were that tyme in her flowres R ¶ Ieronimus in epistola ad nepocianum spe∣keth of this Sophocles and sayth whan he toke but lytel heede of meyne and of his howshold for his grete elde his sonnes ac∣cused him of wodenesse Than bifore the Iugges he rehersed & sayde the fable and geste that he had wryten of Edippus and now in his gret age of wytte and of wysedom that he shold tor¦ne the cruelte of Iugges in to fauour of the theatre That ty∣me socrates the philosopher was born & a stone shapen. as a goot felle downe from heuen in the see egeus Artabanus Artax∣erses the kynges steward purposed to be kyng of Perse and cā in an euentyde with his seuen sonnes in to Artaxerses chambre and slough the kyng and many other ¶ And the kyng had twey sonnes that one hight darius and that other Artaxerses And Artabanus excited Artaxerses to slee his broder darius and sayde that darius had slayne his owne fader But one va¦gabaxus knewe how the kyng was slayne and told Artaxer¦erses how it stode and how Artabanus had slayne his fader

¶ And ano••e Artaxerses gadred the peple to geder and made hem come armed bifore him. as though he wold knowe the nombre of his knyghtes / ¶ Than whan Artabanus stode bifore him armed amonge other men. the kyng sayd that his ha¦berion was to to short and bade Artabanus doo of his haberion / and chaunge with hym / And whan Artabanus had vnarmed hym & was naked anon the kyng cōmanded his mē to sle him & his sonnes. And soo Artaxersts toke wreche of his fader deth & saued his fader trone and his broder lyf and hym self from gy∣le and trayson Marianus

¶ Sequitur Capitulum 15

ARtaxerses the seuēth kyng of pers was call••d longimanus and regned xl yere and bigan to regne whan Artabanus had regned seuen monethes Somme say that thystory of h••••ter and of mardocheus befell in this Artaxerses tyme but I trowe not for hesdras the writer in this kingis beginning tellith that he and neemias tourned fro Babyloy••e & speketh not of hester· & yf hester had be in his tyme is to presuppose he wolde somwhat haue spoken of hir But hester was in the other artaxerses ty¦me that was the enleuenth kyng of Perses and hete Assuerus also ¶ Aboute this time dunwallo moliuncius that was the du¦kes sonne of Cornewayle began to regne amonge Brytons ¶And whan the kynges were slayne of Englond of wales & of Scotland he regned allone in the Ilond and made hym a dy¦ademe and a crowne of gold and made certayne lawes that be callyd molyuncius lawes / the whiche lawes afterward gyldas torned in to latyn And af••erward kyng aluredus made hem be torned oute of latyn in to englysshe / And whan this molyūci¦us had regned fourty yere he dyed & was buryed by the tem∣ple in the Cyte Trinouantum that is london ¶This is be that gafe priuelege & fredome to temples to plowes to cytees & to we∣yes that ledeth therto Petrus ¶Esdras the wryter cam dow∣ne with the kynges lettres by whiche he shold discharge the my∣nystris of the temple of al maner trybute· and putte other yn & other oute and chaūge hem as it were to doynge and punysshe hem that were rebelle by deth by exylyng by prisonne owther by paynge of catalle And Esdras came downe with the vessayls of the temple to teche his peple in Ierusalem the lawe that he had wryten and corrected the bookes two honderd & xx of the childer of Israel that were beyonde the hilles of caspy cam with hym at ones / and a / M / and vij / C. cam with hym oute of Babyloyne There he chastysed in his comyng the childer of the transmygra¦cion. and specially preestes for wyues of straunge nacions / Es¦dras renewed and wrote the lawe that the caldeys had brente / & amēded the volumes that straungers had apayred & gadred al in to xxij bookes for the hebrewes sholde haue as many bookes / as they had lettres / ¶Also he foūde vp newe maner titles & prikkes to wryte amōg the lettres that were lyghter to be writō & therfor he was cleped a swyfte wryter / Also he put somme ty∣tles of psalmes & telleth that Iewes wrote before in maner of bydders from the lyft side to the right side / & efte frō the right side

to the lyft syde / Empedicles Permenides and Zeno the philoso∣phres be in her flowres empedycles chees to be buryed in the hill mons ethna that is in scicilia that brenneth alway ¶ Boece¦de consolacione sayth that permenydes satte ten yere on a roche / & bythought hym of the Arte of Logyke But Plato afterward made that art more and founde therinne many prynciples and rules / But Aristotles brought it to geder in to Art· Tho was feretides the second wryter of historyes in his flowres / netheles lytel before herodotus had wryten thystoryes ¶R And Ti∣tus liuius

¶ Capitulum 16

THe Romayns sende messagiers and prayd men of Athene to sende hem lawes wryten ¶ This were Salons lawes they sent not in to lacedomonia to haue ligurgus lawes / though his lawes were best. For they hadde hym suspecte as a lyer for he had sayde that he had taken lawes of Appolyn ¶ The Ro∣maynes gadred this Salons lawes in to ten tables & put after¦ward twey tables therto ¶Therof come afterward that fa∣mous lawe of the twelue tables as it is wryten in folio de ori¦gine Iuris libro secundo in the glose ¶ Ysidorus libro quinto. Moyses gaf firste lawe to the hebrues Feroneus to the grekes Mercurius trimogestus to the Egypcians Salon to men of athe¦ne / Ligurgus to the Lacedomones and numa pompilius to the Romaynes ¶Afterward the peple of Rome myghte not ne wold not suffre the stryf of the maystres and Iugges and or∣deyned ten men to wryte lawes and they wryten lawes oute of Salons bookes and tourned the lawe of twelue tables oute of grue in to latyn ¶ The fyrst that wold make bookes of la¦we was the grete pompeus the consul but for drede of euyl spe∣kers he accomplysshed ne fulfylled it. than Iulius Cezar began to make bookes of lawes / but he deyde to sone ¶ And soo a∣monge the Romaynes lytel and lytel lawes were compyled / til Constantyne the grete ordeygned newe lawes. ¶ But Theodosius minor made a booke of lawe that is called Theodo∣sius coode ¶ And soone after Iustinianus of wele nyghe of two thousand bookes and thyrtty thousand versus made / and restored the lawes of digeste / The power of consuls cessed

in the cyte· And thēne men were ordeyned rulers in stede of the twey· consuls but the second yere after as seynt austyn toucheth de ci· dei li primo ca / 19· One of thes ten men that highte appi{us} claudi{us} hadde grete desire & luste to enduce & meoue a knyghtes doughter to lygge by hir and made falsly one of his seruauntes chalenge hir for his bonde woman / and so Appius demed and Iugged hir / And hir owne fader slough hir and made pleyn••e to the peple of that falsheed / the peple was tho in the hille algid Than the ten men were put out of her offyce and trybunes and Edyles were put in theyr stede Petrus 186 Neemias a mā of hebrues kyng artaxerses butler cam by leue of his lord out of Babylon in to the Iewry / & ladde the peple xij yere / soo th••t that the .v / yere he begā to restore the walles & the yates of Ihe¦rusalem / and he ended his werke in two yere and four monethes and had so grete lette in the buyldynge that half the people srode armed withoute the cyte for to defende the cyte and the werke for resing and slekkyng of straunge nacions / and that other de••le of the peple / armed bylde the wallis and leide stones with one hande and helde eueryche his swerde in his other hande ¶ Af••terward neemyas toke heede that the Iewes had no fyre from heuen and clensed a pytte in the valeye of Iosephath where Iere¦mias had hid fyre in the tyme of takyng into bondage and foū¦de the stokkes of the aulter and brennyng coles and fette water and he cast of that water on a faggotte of wode and therof come fyre ¶ Than yf thou wolt reken seuenty wekes of yeres from the twenty yere of Artaxerses whan neemias wente downe to buylde / Ierusalem vnto criste that is vnto the eyghten yere of Tiberius cezar / the whiche seuenty wekes of yeres danyel pro∣phecyed to be shorted vpon goddes peple / thou myght fynde seuē∣ty wekes of yeres so that thou acompte a weke of yeres of the mone / and a yere of the mone is twelue monethes of the mone As it was vsede in moyses lawe not the yere of the sonne now ther of Embolisme· ¶ And soo seuenty wekys of yeres from this yere vnto crist maketh four honderd yeres of the mone and foure score and ten withoute the monethes of Embolismes that maketh four honderd yere of the sonne and thre score and fyften

¶ Treuisa. ¶ An yere of the sonne is the full yere· that men vse nowe in Englond and other landes. But the yere of the mone is xij monethes of the mone. and a moneth of the mo¦ne is fro change to change and soo the yere of the mone is lasse

by enleuen dayes than the full yere and the moneth of embolis••¦me fallith whan xiij primes be in one yere ¶R The nombre of the wikes and yeres may be proued in this maner ¶For Beda libro de temporibus sayth that the kyngdome of Perses du¦red from this twenty yere of Artaxerses to the sixth yere of da∣rius· whan darius was ouercome of Alysaunder an honderd ye¦re and fyftene· And than the kyngdome of grece dured vnto Iulius cezars tyme two honders four score and tweyne yeres Than from the begynnynge of Iulius cezar that regned foure yere and seuen monethes to the / xviij / yere of Tiberius Cezar was four score yere and eyght / and so alle thes yeres amounte vnto the nombre of four honderd lxxv yeres of the sonne ¶Orocius libro tercio Till a grete dele of the day was passed it semed that the nyght dured / ¶Also hayle stones felle and descended from the clowdes and bete the erth with veray stones

¶ Petras 188 ¶Esdras dyed in good age and elde / And Neemias torned ayene to Artaxerses the kyng but he tourned ayene to Iherusalem ayenste his endynge daye / and chastysed hem that trespaced ayenste the lawe and dyed and is buryed by the wall that he made in Iherusalem ¶Beda de tempore Hiderto thordre of the holy history is taken of the bookes of hebre¦wes that were wryten of dedes and of doynges of yeres· But what dedes and doynges folowed after this be taken of the boo¦kes of Iosephus Affrycan and the bookes of machabeis Efte consuls were made at rome ¶ Ypocras in this tyme flourysshed ¶Ysidorus libro quarto Appollo founde first Arte of phisik•• amonge the grekes / Than his sonne Esculapius made. it moore· & was smyten with lyghtnyng / And than that Arte was lefte fyue honderd yere vnto this Artaxerses tyme / And in his tyme Ypocras renewed the arte and crafte of phisik in the ylande cheo But the twey first Artes were vntrusty that is to say methody¦ca that taketh none hede of tymes of causes of elementes neither of age but only of the euyl and vse tellynges as old wyues do The second is callyd Emperita and axeth not but essay ¶The thyrdde is called logyca and is alowed and appreued

¶ Capitulum 17

AFter this artaxerses· Artaxerses the eyght kyng of pers regned. two monethes In his tyme plato was born / & after

hym / fogodyanus regned nyne monethes / After him darius no thus by his surname was the tenth kyng of perses and regned xix yere. Gaufr & alfr / In his time belinus mo••••uncius sone reg¦ned in brytayn and helde to hym self loegria myddel englond / wales and cornewayle and toke that other lande by yonde hum¦bre and scotland to his brother brenicius and they tweyne acor∣ded in the kyngdome fyue yere wel ynowe •• but afterward bre∣nicius was rebelle to belinus and this belinus ouercome hym •• he fledde to the duc Alebrog that is the duc of lytil brytayne / •• wedded his doughter and had the lorship after the dukes deth· After that he had that ducherie one yere / he came in to Brytayn with frensshemen and brytons of lytel brytayne / to werre ayēst his broder But theyr moder that was full old spradde hir hee∣abrode and shewed her brestes that they had sowked and so she made pees / Than after an yere thes bretheren made Fraunce sub¦gett and ouercome the germayns and besieged Rome atte las••e That tyme the first denys vsed tyrannies in scicilia and Furius Canullus was made dictatour in Rome and ouercome the ven¦etans and the falystes but he was put out of the cyte by enuye surmysyng vpon hym that he had not egaly departed the ••rayes that they had taken / Titus Whan the Romaynes beseged the vegetens they hadde many vnhappes / And Furius Camil¦lus myned on that one side of the cyte & made wayes vnder ••••the by the whiche weyes a knyght went in and toke the tour of the Cyte while furius camillus yafe assaute to the cyte on the other side / And whan men of the cyte sawe that / they yelded them self and the Cyte. But Furius camillus offended the people in de∣lynge of prayes / ¶ So that he was callyd to Iuggemēt•• and he drad to be condempned and outlawed hym self wylfully and wente in to the Cyte Ardea / Netheles in his absence he was condempned in ten thousand of certayne money of bras / But afterward he came and brake the siege of Frensshemen /

¶ Capitulum 18·

ARtaxerses the sonne of darius & of {per}a••itides had a surna∣me· Menuon and the hebrewes callyd hym Assuerus / He was the xj kyng of pers and regned fourty yere from Inde to

ethiopia· ouer an honderd prouynces and xxvij / his trone was in the Cyte Susis / The Cyte that here was called susis was cal¦led Egbatanis in the boke of Iudith and was chyef cyte of the elemytes / Iosephus sayth that danyel made there a wonder buryel for kynges· So wonderful that it semede made the same day that is to say the kynges of media of perses and of Perche∣a were wonte to be buryed in that buryel. This Artaxerses otherwyse callyd Assuerus in the thyrd yere of his kyngdome made grete reuel and feste to his prynces that dured an honderd dayes thre score and ten in that wonderful palais that me redeth of in thistory of Alysaundre The pyllers of that palays we∣re of siluer the keueryng lyke to the firmament chambred and hauyng precious stones of dyuerse colours to the lykenesse of the sterres ¶After he lay with his peple seuen dayes in the Or¦chard of lykynge / there was a vyne yerde with vynes of seluer with braunches of gold and clustres of precious stones The pauilons were pighte vpon pilers of siluer of marble and of I∣uory with roopes of whyte sylk and of reed / ¶There vasty the quene was rebell and wold not come to the kyng / therfor hester was chosen quene in her stede Democritus the philosopher dy¦ed that tyme Agellus speketh of hym and sayth that he putt out his owne eyen. and that for thre skylles ¶ The first for his sight lette hym of his holy thoughtes· the second for hee myghte not see women withoute grete temptacion the thirdde for that he sawe shrewes ofte mysdo and deden euyl dedes & that myght he not suffre but it greued hein soore Tullius ep / 95 Democri∣tus was wonte to say that the hestes of shrewes & the noyes of the wombe ben in one place / what haue I to do therwith sayd he whether this noyse sowne vpward or downward ¶ Pol̄ libro septimo ¶Socrates the philosopher four score yere old and xix. dranke poyson with stydfast semblaunt and dyed ¶ R Leste erroure befall in the name of Socrates take hede for there were thre Socrates One was Auctour of doyng and of dedes Cassiodorus in thistory callyd tripertita preyseth well this So∣crates ¶ Selencus theodoricus and Socrates made that story Another Socrates was of grece a grete philosopher and lawer

¶Of hym libro primo Saturnalium is rehersed that noble sawe Whan he was prayed of his felawes to putte forth somwhat of his noble spekyng. he saide as this place axeth I spareno spech & the spech that I spare is not couenable / for this place nouther

for this tyme▪ ¶ Suche a tale is told of Ipocras the philo∣sofre / the thyrd Socrates was platoes maystrer of hym is our speche at this tyme Pol libro quarto capitulo sexto Socra∣tes was reputed the wysest by answer of Appolyn & withoute ony withsayenge he passed the seuen wysemen / that were holden wysemen among the grekes and was acompted bifore hem with out comparison not only in wytte and connynge but also in ma∣ner of good lyuing· therfor tullius libro primo de tuscul̄ qō seith that Socrates was Prynce of philosophye / and that he called philosophie from heuen vnto erth and stuffed cytees with philoso¦phie. Augustinus de ciuitate dei libro octauo capitulo 14 ¶ A spyryte folowed Socrates and taught hym thynges / ¶Apuli{us} libro suo 1 de di / Socrates saith & reherseth. that this spiryte / vsed to warne Socrates to leue of his doyng whan the doyng shold haue no good ende R Therfor calcidius super librum thimei Me sayth that a spyryte folewed and / taught Socrates from his first childhode not to compelle him to do ought but to forbede him to doo thynge not spedeful· and as in adremes It semeth a man that he herith many thynges not by veray voys / but by somme token that folowed thoffyce of mannes vois / So socrates thought while he was waking was comforted and taught by warning of clere token of the spyryte Tullius de diō•• libro primo / We haue lerned of Socrates that was alway tendaunt to a spyryt that was cleped demon but he neuer moeued hym to doo dedes. but withdrewe hym ofte fro doyng of dedes / And therfor whan he sholde be dampned to deth he chees to deye in moost rightful ma¦ner· but tho had he no token yeuen hym of his god ¶ Valerius libro primo capitulo septimo ¶ Socrates in his old age vsed harpyng & armonye of strenges & sayd that it was better to vse that crafte late than lerne it neuer. he wold also take hede to the Arte of musik that art is right nedeful sayd he / ¶And soo he hield hym self euer poure to lerne and ryche to teche· ¶ And though he was wyse and wytty euer he sayde that he coude noo good / Therof came the comune sawe of Socrates I can not but that I can not / As Ieronimus reherseth epistola 35 / Valeri{us} li / 8 Socrates shamed not to take a rehed bytwene his thyes· and playe with his smal childer Pol̄ libro octauo ¶It is home¦ly and necessary a wyseman other while to pleye / not to putte away the vse of vertues / but to refresshe hym self and make him moore stronge to doo vertues of vertues ¶Also Socrates was

profytable in vertues that maketh men lyke god / For he was a man of good temprure as Agell sayth libro secundo / So that wele nygh al his lyues tyme he lyued in helth withoute seke∣nesse / & also in that moreyne tyme / that destroyed the Cyte Athe¦ne Therfor Valerius libro secundo Seyth that Socrates saide that many men wold lyue for to ete and. drynke / and that he wold ete and drynke for to lyue Also he was of grete suffraū∣ce / therfore Seneca libro tercio de Ira sayth that Socrates wal∣ked in the Cyte and was euyl smyten vpon the heed. and he answerd and sayde nought ellys but he sayde It is euyl for men that they wytte not ¶whan they shold goo oute with salettes on her heedes and whan withoute Also whan a yong man spyt∣te in his face whyle he disputed of wrath / he answerd and sayde I am not wroth but I doute whether I shold be wroth or noo

Also he was somtyme wroth with a shrewed seruaunt / that he had and sayde I wold bete the and I were not wroth ¶Also he had a wyf lyght of hir body as who sayth comyne and childer that were rebell and horelinges / & moore lyke to the moder than to the fader And a seruaunt that was alway a shrewe alwaye wroth and grutchyng ¶Netheles Socrates suffred alway and was paciente ¶Therfor Seneca epistola 197 Seyth that So∣crates was wel nygh alway in bataylle owther in Tyrannyse· owther in fredome harder than bataylle owther tyrannyse / Therfore Ieronimus contra Ionium and also Epistola 33 seith that socrates had twey shrewde wyues that wolden alway chi∣de / and stryue / And hadden ofte stryf for hym bitwene hem / the wynes were callyd Zantippa and Altipias / And on a tyme he blamed hem by cause they stryuē for hym that was but a fowle thynge / and sayde ye stryue for a man with snatted nose with a balled fort••p with ••••ery shulders and with croked thyes.

And atte laste both the wyues torned ayenst hym / and chidden him alto scarthes by one assente· and after grete chidynge and dispytous wordes they threwe on his heede theyr pisse of foure nyghtes pissynge oute of a soler. And he answerd nought ellys but wypte his heede and sayde I wyste wele that it shold rayne of thondryng of wordes Agellus libro secundo et Pol libro / 5 One axed of socrates why he chastysed not his wyf· Zantippa that was so ful of chidynge and of anger or els why he pute h••r not away from hyme And he sayde I suffre suche one at ho∣me to haue vse and customme that I maye the moore paciently

suffre wronges of other men Seneca de Ira capitulo tercio Token of wrath in Socrates was lowe speche and fewe wordes He was true and trusty in counseylle as Valerius libro octauo seyth that a yong man axed counseyll of Socrates whether he shold wedde a wyf or no. whether so thou do of thes tweyn seith he. thou shalt forthynke ful soore / For yf thou wedde no wyf. thou shalt haue this disauauntages· thou shalt be allone / thou shalt haue no child a straunge man shal be / thyne heyr / And if thou wedde a wyf thou shalt haue grete besynesse alwaye / many maner playntes plee of doyng despysyng chidyng and stryf / of thy wyues dame and vnsekernesse and drede of thy childers ende ¶And Seneca epistola. 30 and Pol libro septimo ¶ One axed of Socrates why pilgrimagis stode hym to noo prouffyte what wonder sayth Socrates / while thou berist thy self alwaye aboute with the / The same cause that greueth the maketh the goo from hoome· what profyteth newe lande there the flyghte fleeth not the. the disease of thought must be putte awaye els shal no place the plese Also Poli libro quinto capitulo sexto ¶ One axed of hym who sholde gete hym best fame / ¶ Who that doth beste sayd he and speketh lytel Also poli libro septimo Pla¦wes scolers hadden enuye to plato in Socrates scole. And pla∣to axed of Socrates how he myght escape the enuye of enuyous men / Be moost wretche sayd he / and than no man shal enuye the No thyng is withoute enuye but wrechednesse allone Ysidor{us} eth libro secundo capitulo decimo quarto ¶This Socrates ordey¦ned first morall philosophie for rulyng of good lyuyng of right wysenesse and temprure vertues and redynesse ¶Augustinus de ciuitate dei libro octauo This Socrates turned first al ma¦ner of philosophie to helpe of good lyuynge and of good ma∣ners but I know not whether he dyde that for he was ouerco∣me of greef of hardnesse of derk and of vncertayne thynges / to fynde som̄e certein man of doing by the which lif of man myght be the better / Owther for mannes soule sholde be the better and discharged of vnskylful lykynge· and be borne vp by kynde strengthe to knowe thynges that euer shall laste / for the sowle may· not knowe chief causes of thynges· but whan it is pured & made al cleene This Socrates whan ••e deyde / lefte many dis∣ciples a lyue that disputed in many wyse of our last ende & of hym that is the best. but of alle his scolers plato was chyef Seneca epistola 107 Speketh of the cause & maner of socrates

deth / For socrates sayd he was more lyef to swere by creatures / than by goddes ¶ It was leyde ayenst him he did ayenst the lawe· and that he appeyred childer / and therfore he was damp∣ned to prisonne· where he shold ete venym called fermacum Augustinus de vera religione capitulo primo / Socrates •• was hardyer than other in sweryng / for me sayth that he wold swe∣re by handes and stones and all that he wold swere by. he had redy in mynde / I trowe that he vnderstode that al the werkes of kynde that god ordeyned to be wrought by worchynge of god / be wele better than ony crafty mannes werkes / And therfore it is more worthy to take worshipes that longeth to god· than mawmettes that were worshipped in temples R ¶ Ther¦fore an expositour vpon boece de disciplina capitulo quarto / seyth / that one of Socrates dtsciples accused hym for he had made a book of one god and not of many goddes / ¶ Therfore he was compellyd to drynke a venemous herbe in that goddes name / & drank and deyde not. And efte he was compellyd to drynke in name of many goddes and drank and deyde ¶Therfor Tullius wryteth that after that he was dampned the men of Athene we¦re sory and punysshed hem soore: that hadde accused hym / and maden an ymage of gold resemblyng and remembraunce of so¦crates and· sette it in theyr temple ¶Also the commentor eth 5 seyth that Socrates whan he was accused seyde· Men of Athene maye dampne socrates but they maye not make hym vnright∣ful Than the Athenes began to vse four and twenty lettres / & vsed bifore sixtene Eutr and Eaufr

¶ Capitulum 19

FRensshmen otherwyse called Senones by ledyng of bren¦nius ouercome the Romayns enleuen myle fro Rome att•• Ryuer Albia and chasede hem vnto the cyte and toke the Cyte vnto the capitoyl Titus liuius / there the frensshmen came in by nyght by a wey vnder erth euery after other while the Roma¦yns slepte Mallius Torquatus and other Romayns awaked with cryenge of gandres / the firste daye of Iunij and they put of the Frensshmen ¶Therfore longe tyme the Romayns halo∣wed the feste of gandres the first daye of Iunij / Netheles after∣ward they called that feste of Iunoes moneth· for they trowed

that Iuno warned the gandres and made hem to crye. ¶ In that fightynge the Senatours arrayed hem ryally in araye of Senatours. and soo they sate in theyr howses ¶And whan the Frensshe men founde hem syttynge in soo ryall araye· they wende that they were goddes that be c••eped genij and spared hem and wente bakward Treuisa ¶ God Genius is to say a spyryte that foloweth a man al his liues tyme. than it foloweth in this¦tory. Netheles one of the Frensshemen groped and handled the berde of a Senatour called papirius / and he vp with a staf that he had in hand and smote the frenssheman on the heede / therfor al the frensshmen were wroth / and slough hym first and than alle the Senatours euery one ¶ Than the Frenssmen receyued a thousand pound of gold for pees and wente theyr way Than Furius camillus that rather was putte oute of the Cyte pursued the Frensshemen and slough hem· and brought the gold and Iewels of knyghtes to the Cyte agayne ¶And this Ca∣millus did the thyrdde viage and wente in to the Cyte ayene. & was callyd the second Romulus He besieged somtyme the fa¦lisces and the capitayne of hem ladde oute childer of the cyte / as it were for to playe and yaue hem to camyllus & sayd that the Cyte sholde be yolden to him for sauyng of the childre ¶And Camyllus not only forsoke the fraude / but he bounde the Capi∣tains handes behynde hym and lete dryue hym with yerdes and sente hyin and the childer to her faders and moders and for that courtoys dede / the cyte was yelden to him that he desired not to gete with fraude and treson Trogus libro 24 ¶Thre honder¦derd thousand of Frenssmen by ledyng of belgius & of Bren∣nius destroyed Ytaly and brent Rome and spoylled Pannonie and macedon and slowe tholomeus the kyng of macedonia Paulus libro secundo Me seyth that the cause why the frēssh¦men came in to Italy was this ¶ The frensshmen tasted wyne that was brought oute of ytaly and were moeued by lykynge of that wyne / and went in to Italy ¶ The leder of hem was brennius that regned amonge the Frensshmen senones· he cam with thre honderd thousand & sente an honderd thousand to spoyll the Grekes. Netheles fast by Appolyn delphicus they essayed & felt that the grekes hadden ful sharp swerdes and kene Another honderd thousand wēt in to galacia that is in the lasse Asia and were first called gallogreci and after galates ¶The thyrdde honderd thousand left in Italy and bylde papie.

Melane Pergame Brixia ārimi· And yaue the name to ffraū∣ce that is on this syde Alpes and cleped it gallia

¶ Treuisa Burgoyne is in that countrey that is called gallia Senonensis ¶Pol libro sexto capitulo decimo Galli Frensshmē in ytalye bylde veron and vincencia. ¶Also they bylde the Cyte Cene for her olde men / and sekelew and for theyr heordes that kepte her beestes ¶That wytnessith yet lykenesse of fayr hewe & colour and fayr shap of peple in the which they acorde with bry¦tons and with the galles frensshmen though longe passynge of tyme and place and countray of the world and companye with men that dwelle aboute hem haue chaunged hem in many poyn∣tes Gaufe ¶Belinus torned agayne oute of ytaly in to bri¦tayne and lyued in pees and repayred and bylde cytees amonge the whiche he founded the cyte caerusk that now is called caerle on vpon the Ryuer vske that is nygh Seuarne ¶ And he bylde belius gate that englysshmen callen now Byllyngsgate vpon Temyse in the cyte trinouantum that is london / ¶And he bylde a tour aboue that yate therinne were the askes of his body were done after whan his body was brente he made also lawes & four highe wayes as it is sayde in the firse book capitulo Bryta¦nia ¶ Trogus libro 24 Efte brennius tourned ayene oute of the eest countrees / and efte ouercome the macedoyns & theyr duc Sosten and spoylled goddes and temples and sayd mery¦ly that rych goddes must yeue men somwhat of her rychesse

¶Also he spoylled Appolyn Delphicus temple in the hil∣le mount pernasus Pol libro sexto There men of the countray prayde help of her god and sodaynly the erthe gan shake and a grete partye of the hille felle vpon the hoost of galles and hay¦lestones slough that other dele ¶ The Duc brennius for soore of his woundes might not endure / And therfor he slough him self with a sharp swerde ¶ No man shal wondre though Appolyn toke wreche of hem that spoylled the goddes & the temples / For god suffred Appolyn destroye many nacions by cause of their trespaas and euyl lyuyng and dedes For it is certayn that spi¦rites of the ayer may vse her shrewdnes in hem that be mysbyle∣uyd and euyl of dedes For grace is withdrawe from such ma¦ner men and euyl spyrytes haue leue graunted to noye hem & to gre••e hem Eutropius

¶ Capitulum 20

Office and dignyte be chaunged amonge the Romaynes / For in stede of twey consuls be made trybunes of cheual∣rye with the power of consuls Tho began the prouffyte of ro∣me tencreace but this dignyte dured not longe / R· Aboute this tyme dyogenes the philosopher prospered. Iosephus in pol libro suo septimo seyth that dyogenes was Anaximines disciple Ieronimus libro suo contra Ioninianum seyth that he was an tistenes that was Socrates disciple and that I trowe sothly For Seneca and valerius seyne that dyogenes was in the grete Alysaundres tyme that regned long after Anaxagoras but yf ther were many dyogenes in dyuers tymes as ther were many Socrates Ieronimus contra Ioninianum Dyogenes vsed a double mantel for colde and had a scrip in stede of his celer· and a staff to lene to and dwellyd in yates & outgoyng of yates and knowleched soth in yche side and toke heede of the lyf of men that passed by the wey / For many maners of men stanke as him semed Whan that he punysshed hym self in a tonne. yet he had game that his hows moeued ¶ He torned the mouth of his tonne toward the south in cold time and toward the north in Somer tyme where euer the sonne were dyogenes hows torned thyderward ¶Valerius libro quarto capitulo tercio ¶Alysaū¦der Macedo came to hym syttyng soo in his tonne and bade him axe somwhat of hym / I wolde sayd this Dyogenes that thou woldest not lette my sonne Therof came that bysawe that aly¦saunder myght lyghtlyer putte darius out of his trone and oute of his kyngdome than dyogenes oute of the state of vertue ¶ R Seneca libro quinto de benefycijs Seyth that dyogenes was myghtyer and rycher than alysaunder· ffor ther was moore that he wold not receyue than Alysaunder myght yeue & thēne Alysaunder was ouercome for he foūde a mā to whom he might nought yeue and he myght take from dyogenes right nought / ¶Seneca epistola 94 et Ieronimus contra ¶ Dyogenes bare in his scrippe a dysshe of tree for to drynke of· and sawe a childe drynke of the pawme of his hande / and braake his disshe anone / and sayd how long shal a foole bere superflue fardels I wyste not rather that kynde had crafte of drynkynge and he alway after drank water of the pawme of his hande He neuer abated countenaunce neyther his thought / what euer mishappes

befel him he neuer chaūged semblaūt / he thought neuer of dise∣ase neyther of fortune. he chaunged neuer his purpoos for soro¦we neyther for meschyef and sayde It falleth not to a philosophre to chaunge his wytte for happe of fortune / his deth shewed that he was vertuous and continent. For whan he was old he wente to the tornemente of Olimpe / He was taken with a feuer in the waye and laye in a den by theway and his frendes wold haue caryed him thens on a beest / or on a chare but he wold not as∣sente but wente to the shadow of a tree and sayd I pray you go ye hens and cesse / For this nyght I shal essaye whether I shal ouercome or be ouercomen / If I ouercome the feuer I shal co∣me to the tornament and yf the Feuer ouercome me I shall go downe in to helle and leyde downe his heede and neck and was there al nyght· and shewed not only that he wold dye· but also that he wold putte ouer the Feure by deth / And in caas was he gyled by ensample and oppynyon of noble men that wold glad¦ly dye and help to her owne deth I trowe that he cleped helle the state of the sowle after the deth of the body ¶ Valerius libro 4 capitulo 3 ¶Dyogenes weded wortes vpon a tyme and one ari¦stippus sayde to hym yf thou woldest vse flatery with denys the kyng thou ne shulde nede to wede wortes. ¶And▪ he answerde yf thou woldest ete of these wortes. thou woldest not flater with denys Also dyogenes disputed on a tyme of wrath and one spy••ce in his face and he sayde I am not wroth but I doute whe∣ther I shold be wroth or noo Seneca de ira libro tercio Dy∣ogenes pleted ones in cause and one lentulus spetted and thre∣we ropy spotel in his face & he wyped his face and sayd I shal say after this that they al be begyled that say that thou hast noo mouth ¶ Pol libro octauo ¶ One behilde dyogenes and sayde thou hast right wanton gygly eyen wherfor his disciples wolde haue beten the man as a lyer. lete be felawes sayde Dyogenes For I am suche one by kynde but I refreigne me by vertue ¶ R Iuuenal libro 4 satira prima / wryteth that Dyogenes wolde wepe whan he went out openly among men / for he demed al that he sawe was wretchednesse and woo But democritus dide the contrary and lough vhen he went openly oute amonge men for he helde al that he sawe ny••sty and fooly In libro de dictis philosophorum One that was fowlest of al men shewed his hows to Dyogenes / the hows was wonderly plesaunt and welbesene and this dyogenes spytte in the mannes face /

And men axed of him why he dyd soo / and he answerd and sayde for I saw noo soo foule place in his hows as his face / Also it was axed hym why he vsed a berde ¶A woman sayd he berded / is vnsemely syght ¶ One sayd to hym that one of his frendes had spoken euyl by hym ¶I doute sayd he yf my fr••nde haue sayde suche wordes by me / But it is openly knowen that thou hast that thynge sayde ¶Treuisa ¶It is wonder that dyo¦genes vsed so lewed sophistry / For here he maketh noo differen∣ce. bytwene the lyer and hym that accused the lyer and war¦ned men of his lesynges ¶It is not one to speke euyl by a mā and warne hym that a man speke euil of hym / and rehe••ce what euyl was sayd ¶ Seynt Iohan in his gospel sayde not that the deuyl was in crist but the Iewes sayde that the deuyl was in criste And crist hym self despysed not god but he reherseth how men bere him on hand that he despysed god ¶Than it folo••weth in thystory Also one sayd him that al men despysed him And he sayd wytte and wysedom must be despysed of foly Whan euyl spekers blame and missaye a man· it sheweth that he is right good that is of hem myssayde Tullius libro primo de tusculis questione ¶Dyogenes whan he shold dye bade that he sholde not be buryed but throwen and lette lygge in a felde / owther vpon an hille ¶ Than his frendes sayden that he shold be eten with beestes and fowles / Nay quod he but laye a s••aff by me that I may therwith kepe hem away ¶ Wherto sayd his frendes for thou shalt not fele than sayd he the etyng of the bees••tes shal not greue me whan I shal not fele

¶ Capitulum 21

DEnys the tyraunt kynge of Scicile dyed and the yong de∣nys toke the kyngdome ¶ Valerius libro quarto Amon and Phiceas were two frendes and denys wolde nedes slee one of hem / ¶And that one axed respyt••e to a certayne daye that he myghte the meane tyme dispose his goodes. and Cataylle and toke his felawe to the tyraunt to plegge / The daye came and the man came not / Therfore Denys demed that other· that was an vnwyse pledge / ¶ Nethelesse that other come atte houre that was sette· ¶ Than the

tirant wondred and foryaue hym the deth / and prayde that he might be one of her felawes ¶Tullius de tusculis qō One da¦mocles denys frende praysed denys royalte and riches and said ther was neuer man that had soo grete welth· ¶Wiltow saide denys essay my fortune and my welth. and he graunted Than denys made aray a bedde of gold and a ryche table rychely bese∣ne with grete plente of d••ynteous mete and drynke / noble seruā∣tes redy swete songes and myrth ynowe Amonge all this he bade hang a bright swerde and a sharp euen aboue his heede by an hors heer and the poynt downward euen to his heedewarde And whan he toke none hede to alle this likyng for drede of the swerd than denys sayd suche is my lyf that thou holdest the lyf of welth and of ioye ¶ Valerius libro sexto ¶Whan all men Siracusanes desired and prayd the deth of denys the tyraunt for his cruelte / an old wydue in hir last elde to god prayed for de∣nys lyf and his helth and whan he wyst therof he wondred of the good wylle of the woman and axed what hir moeued soo to pray ¶Whan I was seyd she a yong wenche I was ouer∣sette with a tyraunt and desired to be delyuerd of hym ¶And whan he was slayn one wors than he helde the kyngdome And whan he was dede than had we the thyrd that was worst of alle· And therfor lest a wors than thou come after the / I wolde yeue myne heede and my lyf to saue thy lyf and thyne helthe Tullius de officijs libro secundo ¶ Denys the kynge vsed no barbour to shaue his berde for he drad the barbours ra∣sours ful soore and sweled of the heer of his beerde with fyre

¶This denys on a tyme came in to a temple where many ymages were clothed in gold and he toke away the gold from hem and sayde to them that were besyde him / this clothyng is to heuy for somer and cold for wynter ¶ Efte he toke a crown oute of an ymages hande of Mercurye and sayde. Lo ye see wel that I take no thynge from him but that he profrith me with his wylle That tyme Aristotles in his eyghtenth yere of age lerned of his mayster plato ¶ And nectanabus kyng of E∣gypte began to regne and regned nynetene yere

¶ Pol libro quinto ¶Furius Camyllus Duc of Roma∣yns dyed / byfore is made mynde of his grete dedes

¶ Gaufr and Alfr / ¶ Aboute that tyme Gurgun∣aus Kynge of Brytons that was Belyns sonne came oute of Denemarche that warned hym Trybute· that was

wont be payed to hym ¶ And fonde by the Ilandes Or∣chades xxx shippes ful of men basclenses that theder were dry∣uen oute of spayne side and he sente hem and their duc bartho∣lomew in to Irlond that was tho voyde and inhabyte R Loke more herof in the first book capitulo hibernia

¶ Capitulum 22

OThus otherwyse called Artaxerses the xij kynge of pers / regned xxv yere / In this tyme whā furi{us} camyll{us} was de¦de among the Romayns ther fell a grete pestylence among them soo that in the myddel of the cyte the erth was opened & there was a grete chynne and a waye to helle Atte laste the dyuy∣nours sayden that that waye to helle abode the buryenge of a quyck man ¶ Than marcus cursius an hors man of Ro∣me for to saue the Cyte armed him and wente down in to that clyffe· and soo the clyf was closed The mene tyme the Roma¦ynes faught ayenst the galles ffrensshemen that destroied ytalye & one of the galles proferd him to fyghte with one mā body for¦dy than lucius malli{us} faught with hym & slough hym and toke a byce of gold from his neck and dyde aboute his owne and so toke a surname for euermore to hym and his ofsprynge and was cleped torquatus that is a man with a byse / For a byse is torques in latyn· ¶ Aug{us} de ci. de / li. 5 / ca· 18· Seyth that this torquatus slough his owne sone that had foughten for the con¦tray and wonne the vyctory· he slough him for he had foughten ayēst his faders heest lest that dede shold haue be ensample of mo¦re harme and despyte of the empyre than the worship shold be of the deth of the enemye / Philip kyng of macedonia that was hol∣den Alysaunders fader began to regne and regned xxvj yere In his tyme demostenes the aduocate fairest speker of al prospe¦red. he wente on a tyme to a fayr strompet called layes & was of corynth & lays axed of hym an yefte / that she clepeth nūmū quantum & demostenes that was gretely moeued in lust sayde that he wold not bye so dyer & after be sory & forthynk his dede Pol libro sexto ¶ This nummum quantum maketh / x / M / pens of ours and is worth half the greter talentum that is wor¦thy xx thousand pens of ours Trogus & val li· 8 / Demostenes

the aduocate was so besy to putte of al maner lette of his speche that noman spake more cleere than he· And though he hadde a wel smal voyx. netheles he vsed it soo that he had a noble sow∣nyng speche Me axed of hym ofte what were mooste spede∣full among wyse men / and he sayd moost spedeful is to the knou¦leche of that he can nought ¶Me tellyth of hym that he spake moche and longe tyme while he hadde stones in his mouthe but whan the stones were oute and the mouth voyde he was moore redy to speke ¶Agellus Messagers of the moloses came to a∣thene and the firste day of plee demostenes pleted ayenst hem & withstode hem / ¶On the morow he was stopped with moneye for he shold not speke ayenst hem The thyrdde daye whan the cause sholde be pleted demostenes come forth with wolle aboute his neck and sayd that he had the squynacie & therfor he mighte not speke ayenst the moloses Than one cryed and sayd it is no squynacy but siluery that hym ayleth ¶ And demostenes af∣terward told out how it was & acompted it for a grete worship and axed of Aristodimus what mede he had taken for to plede for hem / talentum sayd he / and I sayd demostenes had wele more for to hold my pees Valerius libro septimo Twey mē had taken money to a woman to kepe and ordeyned that the wo¦man shold delyuer the money to neyther of hem by him self but to them bothe to geder / long tyme after that o••e came & sayd that his felawe was deed & begyled the woman & had the moneye of hir. than not longe after his felawe came and axed the moneye than the woman was pursued hard & greuously & demostenes cam & helped hir in this maner & said lette hem both come to geder & axe / hir money as it was ordeyned whan the money was ta∣ken hir to be kept & than the moneye shal be payed & no rather & for they cam neuer to geders the woman was quytte. Y{us} li / 1 / ca 31· Kyng philip besieged the cyte athenes / & axed x wyse mē of the cyte to be deliuer to him & he wold goo awaye from y^e cyte & besiege it no lēger. but demostenes counseiled nay & told this fable wolues somtyme proferd frendship to shepherdes on this condiciō that the shepherdes sholde delyu her hoūdes to the wolues for your dogges sayd they make all the varyaunce bytwyx you and vs wherupon the shepherdes delyuerd hem the houndes / ¶ Than the wolues whan strength and warde of houndes was away slough and deuowred all the shepe at her owne wylle

¶So sayd he wold this Philippe destroye this Cyte /

yf it lacked wyse men of counsayle ¶ Othus kyng of pers torned the Iewes in to hircania ¶ The grete Alysaunder is born in macedonia / And denys is slayn in Siracusa / ¶ The Romayns ouercomē the galles in the whiche fyghtynge one of the Galles axed Marcus valerius a Tribune of Rome to fight with hym in a singler bataylle body for body / ¶ And while they faught a rauen sate vpon the right shulder of valerius and alway smote to the eyen of the frensshman and soo the Romayn gate the vyctorye and the name / and was afterward cleped coruinus for a rauen is coruus in latyn. and Coruinus was con∣sul four and twenty yere after that dede Pol libro septimo

¶ Capitulum 23

PLato the philosopher died whā he had lyued lxxxx yere / in so grete reuerence that me doubted long after his deth whe∣ther that he shold be acompted among the goddes owther amōg half goddes ¶ Plato was moost excellent among Socrates disciples and was callyd plato for he had a brode breste and a brode space bytwene his browes / ¶ For platos in grewe is latum in latyn / broode in Englysshe / ¶ Plato was borne in Athenes ¶ Tullius de di / libro primo capitulo decimo sex¦to ¶ While Plato was a child / and laye in his cradel and slepte bees sate on his lippes and dyuynours sayde that he shold shyne in swetnesse of Eloquence ¶ Valerius libro primo ca¦pitulo quarto ¶ That nyght that Plato was sette to Socrates loore he demed that a swan lay on his knees ¶ Pol li. septimo This plato in his first loore of lettrure was taught of denys / In wrastling of Ariston Argus he dispysed not the crafte of puture / he feyned him self profytable to diuinacions and to ges∣tes And he trust on his endytyng and tellyngys as olde wy∣ues vse and wold become a fyghtyng man but socrates forbade hym / Valerius li / 8 ca· 7· Socrates dyed atte laste and plato torned to the loore of hem that folowed pyctagoras loore & wor∣shipped hem not only for here connynge but also for they were contynent ¶After that he went to theodorus cyrenensis and lerned gemetry••. Than he wente to egypt to lerne astronomye Pol libro septimo ¶And many wene that le lerned there the

prophecyes of prophetes· but the aōcpting of tymes suffrith him not to be in tyme of prophetes. For austyn li / 8 de ci ca 11 / seyth that plato was born aboute an honderd yere after the deth of Ieremye the prophete Than aboute a sixty yere after his deth the bookes of prophetes cam in to egypt in tyme of the king tho¦lomeus / there in that pylgremage of Plato· Plato myght not see Ieremias that was dede long tyme bifore nowther rede the boo∣kes of prophecye that were not yet translate in to grue Nethe∣les many thynges be foūde in platoes bookes that acordeth with sawes of prophetis ¶Austyn libro 16 ca 20 & libro confessionū¦ante finem sayth that seynt Iohannes gospel was founden in platoes bokes vnto that place tenebre cam non comprehenderūt that is to say derknes knewe not light. ¶ For thapostle sayd that suche philosophres vanysshed awaye in her thoughtes / I wold not trowt but y^t it is wreton in bookes of holy faders / than Plato departed from egypte and came in to Ytaly and folowed Carentinus articus that helde pyctagoras loore· ¶ And th•••• he wold haue goon vnto the Indes & medes that couth nygroman∣cye and wytchecraft but that the werre of caldee lette hym for to passe And therfore whan he founde Ceno and permenydes / he abode with hem and gadred her sawes / Shrewes remoeued this thre connyngys in to Scicilia by dyuers oppynyons· For sōme meoued that he came for to see thystory of kynde and the reason of brennyng of the montayne Ethna The second sayd that he came atte prayer of denys the tyraunt to holde with the Cyt••ci∣racusa and for to teche theyr lawe / the iij sayd that he cam to recon¦sile one dyon to his countray by foryeuenesse and grace geten of denys ¶Ieronimuscontra Ion Plato was ••iche for condiciō and tyme ¶And dyogenes with his foule feete trade on his bedde that was wel besene ¶ Than Plato chees a lytel tow∣ne callyd achademia a myle out of Athenes in that towne was ofte pestylence and erth shakyng and therfor he chees that drede∣full place for suche dredeful happes sholde withdrawe his scolers from temptacion of lechery and for his scolers shold feele none other liking / but of thynges that they shold lerne ¶Marc libro tercio ¶ This plato sayd that ther be twey dethes by one deth the sowle forsaketh the body / By that other deth the sou¦le while it is in the body forsaketh and despiseth bodyly lyking¦ges wrath and angre. and vnskylful doynges and this shold philosophres desire / ¶ Seneca de ira libro tercio ¶ Plato

was ones wroth with his seruaunte and heete hym doo of his kertill and make his sholders naked and bare but whan he vn¦derstode that he was wroth. he helde his hand / and stode as he wold smyte ¶ Than one of his frendes pseusippus axed hym why he stode soo and what he dyd and thought / and he answerd and sayde I am aboute to punysshe a man and am wroth and worthy to be punysshed I pray the sayd he. bete thou this ser¦uaunt lest I bete hym more than it nedeth by cause of my wrath Noo man is in his power that is not in his owne power ¶R Helmande saide that plato vsed to title his bookes by na¦mes of his maystrys for they shold be of the more auctoryte ou¦ther by names of scolers that he wel loued Pol libro septimo Seyth that men tellen that Plato dyed / for shame for he coude not assaylle the question of shipmen / I trowe better that it was soth of homerus as maximus sayth / Ofte thes twey men ben t••∣ken eyther in stede of other for her grete wytte and wysedome & noble spekynge and also for breede of brestes For it is certayn that noble men and worthy hadden many names· Pol li / •• / Philo¦sophres that were cheped Zenofontini hadde grete enuye of pla∣toes connynge and loos and feyned of him suche a tale ¶ Fla∣manus the philosopher libro de vestygijs philosophorum sayth / that though many men tellen that plato yelde vp the goost wyl∣fully at a derk meanynge of a nombre that was whan he hadde fulfylled yeres of his age nine sythes nyne that is four score & one Valerius libro nono capitulo decimo tercio ¶ Homerus for he myght not assoylle the question dyed for shame and so¦rowe R ¶Gregorius Nauzauzenus vpon this worde of the Apostle The wysedome of this world is foly bifore god / and sayd that Plato walked vpon the see clyf and biheld heuen than shipmen saw hym and lough hym to scorne / What haue ye sayde he ¶ They answerd and sayde / alle that we haue taken. we haue nought and al that we haue nought take we haue

¶ They had low••ed theyr clothes / and slayne al that they myght take and soo they had nought that they hadde taken

¶ Plato thought on fysshe and wondred and ete nought ne slepte For he made hym soo besye to fynde the solucion of the question and soo he dyed / ¶ Valerius libro quarto ¶Plato herde telle that his disciple Zenocrates hadde spoken moche euylle of hym and gretely despysed hym / ¶ Netheles Plato toke none heede of this complaynte· and the Iugge

axed him why he yaf no credence to the tale / It is not to be yeul feyth vnto sayth plato that hym that I haue loued so long loued not me also. but the Iugge sware that he hadde herd suche tales of Zenocrates mouth Than plato answerd and sayde that Ze¦nocrates wold neuer telle suche tales / But it semed that it were spedeful suche tales to telle Valerius libro septimo. ¶ After Plato in his stede cam his sister sonne pseusippus and after him Zenocrates platoes scoler that he loued wele in the scole callyd Achademia. And therfore they that came after them politinus / Porphirius Apuleius and affer hadde that name of the scole & were callyd Achademici As they hadde the name of Plato and were cleped platonici Valerius libro decimo Of this Zeno∣crates it is redde that a fayr comyn womā of Athenes receyued mede and vndertoke to make hym lie by her and came at nyght and laye by hym in his bedde but she myghte in no manere wyse make hym abate chastyte / than yonglynges scorned hir / For she myght not abate the philosophres chastyte ¶ I made no coue∣naunt sayd she of an ymage but of a man Ieronimus contra Ioninianum ¶ Zenocrates lefte to the men of Athenes but thre hestes of Tricolinus lawes to worship fader and moder & he¦rie goddes & ete no flesshe Also in the •• dictes of philosophres it is wreton that Zenocrates sawe one ladde to be hanged & lough and sayde / the gretter theues punysshe the lasse ¶ Valerius li / 6 in fine / Also one pollemo otherwise called pollemius a yong mā of Athenes was full lecherous so that he had lykynge and ioye not only of his euyl doyng but also he hadde grete ioye of euyl loos and mysfame / ¶ On a tyme he come from a feste not after the goynge doun of the sonne but after the sonne ry••∣syng & went home and sawe Zenocrates yate open and was wy∣ne dronken and enoynted with oynementes and aparaild with garlandes and ryally clothed entred in to the scole in this ma∣ner ful of noble doctours and sette hym downe there for to scor∣ne▪ the fayr speche of the doctours in his dronkenesse Atte laste euery man had indignacion of hym but Zenocrates chaūged not his semblaūt but he lefte the matier that he spake of and torned his speche to the matier of sobrenes of pacience and suffraunce & by his resonable fayr and noble speche· Polemi{us} was compellid to take hede and first he drough to hym his arme that he held stou¦tly withoute his mantell / and than he threwe downe the garlād of his heede and atte laste be forsoke al his euyl lykyng soo that

of a fowle boller and goloton was made a grete philosopher ¶ Pol libro septimo et Augustinus de ciuitate de•• libro nono ca∣pitulo vndecimo

¶ Capitulum 27

AFter Plato come aristotle a noble man of fame and of lore and of grete wytt· Netheles not so noble a speker as plato But he passed many men in thoffyce of techynge and was con∣nyng in crafte of fayr vtteraunce and shewyng to with sey all other mannes sētences / he brought vp the secte that is called pari∣patetica· For he vsed to dispute wandryng and walkynge while plato lyued aristotle gadred many disciples in to his heresye. he made bookes of al maner philosophie and yaue certeyn hestes & rules in al maner philosophie ¶ Netheles passyng al other he brought logyk in to his right lawe / ¶ This is called the philo∣sophre as it were he that berith the price of philosophres· So Ro∣me is called the cyte· so maro / the poete and soo Aristotle the phi¦losophre ¶ Netheles somme men trowed that he was a fendes sonne / for he was swyper and swyfte and clere of wytte and de∣sired grete worship / for by many manere sleyghtes· he vsed to wynne and toke worship bifore alle other men / Alexander de natura ¶Aristotle amonge other taught eloquence fayr and no¦ble speche as it is specially seen in his comentes homeris / and in dyte of troye the whiche he bytoke Alysaunder and in his dyalo¦gus of poetes and in his tretice of rethori{que} ¶Aristotle xviij ye∣re old was sente in to Athenes and lerned there of Socrates thre yere. And whan Socrates was dede he was with plato xx· yere till plato dyed / and had so grete fauour of plato that pla∣to callyd Aristotles hows / the redyng hows / and wolde ofte say go we to the reders hows ¶ And whan Aristotle was absente Plato wolde crye vnderstandyng is awaye. the audience is deef / he lyued after platoes deth xxiiij yere / ¶Somtyme te∣chyng Alisaunder somtyme wending aboute with hym in to ma¦ny landes somtyme makyng bookes somtyme techyng disciples and so he lyued in al lxiij yere ¶He made Alysaunder buylde ayene the Cyte stagerik that philip had destroyed and beten dou¦ne Therfor the men of that Cyte haloweth a fest daye in wor∣ship of Aristotle and that feste is called Aristotileya and the

moneth that this feste is halowed in· they clepe it stagerites Aristotle dyed in calcide & was brought in to stagerik. whan a∣lysander wēt ayēst the perses aristotle was besy aboute philoso∣phye and made an historye of two honderd and fyfty lawes Aristotle put to many thynges of philosophye and to ethyk. that is the science of thewes He put that parfyt welthe / is not in wordly rychesse ¶ Also to philosophye he put the fyfth beynge ¶ Treuisa In libris de celo et mundo and in other bookes al¦so Aristotle clepeth the welken or firmamente that is aboue the four elementes the fyfth body ¶Than it foloweth in the storye that he withdrewe nothyng of diuynyte. He made problemes me dycynale of phisik and of kynde in four score bookes / And pro∣blemes of perspectyue and of methaphisik ¶Treuisa A pro∣bleme is a question that is harde to assoylle and also an hard redels is also cleped a probleme ¶ Perspectyf is a science that specially longeth to the sighte that science techeth howe a thynge is seen and is lasse owther more than it semeth / owther euen as moche as it semeth euen or croked and right as it is or other wyse shapen than it semeth ¶ Than it foloweth in thistorye· he made statutes to iustefie the Cytees of grece by the whiche statu¦tes philip determyned & made ende of plees bytwene the grekes He lefte after him his sonne nychomachus / and his doughter pitharda and ful many disciples among the whiche theofrastus was of grete name He made the booke de nupcijs of spousayls Aristotle made a thousand bookes and loued to folowe truth. & not forsake thing that was openly knowen / Auicenna preyseth him wel libro tercio methapharo suo / And raby moyses li· 1 / capi¦tulo 4 & agellus li / 8 capitulo tercio & Iohan in suo policrato li / septimo / This is he that meoued archademia more with strength of resons than it was moeued with strong blastes of wynde for thurgh his besynes the Achademici that were lefte after. pla¦to moeued doubtes wele nygh of al thynges ¶Also plynius libro suo seyth / That the grete Alysaundre brente in couetyse of knowleche of the kynde of beestes and sente to Aristotle many thousandes of men of Grece / of Asia and of Tracia that fedde beestes and fowles wyld and tame and al that be taken with haukyng owther with huntyng and had al maner beestes in ke¦pyng in hyues in layes in fysshe weres & pondes / ffor he wold know all thynge that is brought forth in kynde Aristotle ex∣amyned al hem besyly & made aboute a fyfty volumes of the

kynde of beestes Therfor plinius de naturis recū libro secundo / seyth that sommen tellen that Aristotle made his bookes so short∣ly and soo hard for enuye and for veyne glorye ¶ Other say that he made his bookis in that maner to vse of studiētes as the science axeth for science is aboute thynge that is good and harde to knowe Treuisa ¶Here take heede that here al thynge that hath lyf and felyng is cleped a beest Than it foloweth in thystory / aristotle whan he shold dye bad that his subtyll bookes shold be buryed with hym in his graue / For they that come af∣ter hym shold haue no proufyt therof / But I wote not by what vertue of kynde owther of crafte that I saye not by wondre of wytchecraft that sepulcre hath soo appropred there to that place that is aboute it that noman maye come nowe in to that place /

Somme men say that antecrist shal know that place and loke and see the bookes that he there hid / but who dar trowe / thynges that be in doubte and vncertayn / Of the deth of Arystotle gg. Nauzauzen{us} in his tretice vpon that worde of the apostel The wysedome of this is foly bifore god And sayd that in grece at a place callyd the black brygge· the see ebbith and floweth as it were at ones in the same place And Aristotle came and wold knowe the cause why and bihelde it & toke heede long tyme / & for he coude not fynde the cause why· for grete indignacion he spake to the water and sayde / For I maye not comprehende and take the thou shalt take me and so he felle in to the water and dreint him self ¶Treuisa It is wonder that gregorius Nauze••zen{us} tellith soo madde a magyl tale of soo worthy a prynce of philo∣sophres as Aristotles was / why telleth he not how Aristotle de∣clareth the matier of ebbynge and flowynge of the see. secundo meth / why tellyth he not why it is wreton in the book of the ap∣pel howe Aristotles dyed and helde an Appel in his hande and hadde comforte of the sinelle and taughte his scolers howe they shold lyue and come to god and be with god withouten ende

¶And atte laste his hande began to quake and the apple f••lle downe from his hande and his face wax al pale and soo Aristo∣tle yelde vp the goost and dyed Than it foloweth in thystorye Aristotles successour was theofrastus and hadde that name for his noble spekyng of god so sayth the mayster of thistoryes sup∣li. math ¶This theofrastus made a book de nupcijs of wedlok & called the booke theofrastus aureolus / there be disputeth clerely of the teene and anguysshe of wedded men ¶ Ieronimus

talketh moche of that book ayenst Ioninianus ¶ And this Theofrastus made another booke of frendship and putteth and preferreth frendship before al other thinges of men / ¶Me sayth that this theofrastus accused kynde for it yafe lenger lyf to o∣ther beestes than to mankynde ¶ Ther it is sayde that is spede∣ful that frendes loue wele / and not assaye hem that they loue / Also it is wryten there that louyng men haue blynde domes

¶ Eutropius ¶ Capitulum 25

THe Romaynes ordeyned a bataille ayenst the Sampnytes that be bytwene campania and Apulia and haue armoure of gold and of siluer ¶ The cause of bataylle was the lande of campania that is best lande and moost pleyne ¶The chyef Cyte therof is capna and is peer to Rome and to cartage in grete∣nesse and in plente ¶Than lucius papirius dictatour or oratour of Rome was sent ayenst the Sampnytes and he t••rnede ayene to rome and bade quintus Fabius mayster of the horsmen that he shold not fyght while he were a way. netheles Quintus sawe and founde occasion and faughte and spedde wel and skomfyte the Sampnytes / And by cause therof the dictator dampned him for he had foughten ayenst his heest in his absence ¶ Netheles he was delyuerd and saued by grete fauour of knyghtes of the peple. ¶And soo grete stryf was arered ayenst papirius that he was in ••opardy of his lyf But afterward in a place callyd furcule cāde{us}. the sāpnytes had the Romaynes closed in narow wayes and streyte & ouercome hem with so grete shame that hem was leuer kepe hem a lyue to shame and to shenship. than slee hem so closed and made hem caste of her armour and her clo∣thee / and goo on a longe rewe vnder the hille syde and hadde of hem a condiciō the whiche condiciō yf the Romaynes had holden they had bē deed owther bonde men to the sampnytes Titus liui{us}

¶ The duc and the leder of the sampnytes called poncius hadde ord••••gned his hoost besides Furcule candynes where the Romay∣nes shold passe That place is closed with hilles on eyther side & hath a playne in the myddel bytwene highe landes with streyte entre and strayte oute goyng Poncius had sent somme of his knyghtes b••fore clothed as heordes that kepen beestes and that

they shold answere the hoost of Romaynes that wold passe and axe after the sampnytes where they were and the knyghtes to an¦swer that the sampnytes were passed to besiege a cyte callyd lu¦crecia that was comfedred with the romayns / and whan the Ro¦mayns herd that anon they went swyftly in to the valey of fur¦cule as it were for to spede hem to socour the Cyte that was besie¦ged / but in the mene tyme the sampnytes knyghtes and other hewe downe trees and stopped the entre and the outegoynge of the valey and wente in to the toppes of the hilles & soo the Ro∣maynes were compellyd by meschyef to axe pees of the Samp¦nytes owther a batayll of knyghtes ¶ Than poncius the duc answerd and sayde now the batayll is done and graunted pees vpon this condicion that the Romaynes sholde yelde vp her clo∣thyng and her armour and goo al naked sauf her preu••e mem∣bres in a long rewe vnder the hille side and yelded vp pleggys thre hond••rd horsmen of the Romaynes ¶T Entr The ye∣re that folowed after by heest of the Senatours the dictator ••••∣cius papirius scomfyted the Sampnytes ¶Orocius libro tercio After that vyctory ther felle so grete pestylence in Rome of deth and of lyghtnyng that alle the cyte made sorowe for dede men & for seke / than they loked the bookes of Sibylle the wyse and to∣ke counseylle and sente in to Epydauru a cyte of grece for to ha¦ue a mawmette the ymage of Esculapius· he is feyned god of medycyne and sheweth him to his worshippers in the lykenesse of a serpent Item Orocius ¶Wyues of Rome brennyng in wode loue toward her owne husbandes made as they trowed drynkes of loue and yet the drinkes were veray poyson and deth A wenche that knewe that doyng warned the Senatours therof than the wyues were compellid to drynke of the same and by the vyolent poyson of that drynk many of them felle downe sodenly deed. and two hondred wyues and seuenty that were mays••••s of the doyng were dampned to the deth / ¶ Aboute that tyme Guytelynus Gurguncius sonne regned in Brytayn· his wyf marcia was right connyng and coude many maner craftes she made the lawe callyd marcene lawe. R ¶Loke more herof in the first booke capitulo de legibus Gaufr

Also this marcia regned somwhat of tyme after hir husbandes deth and after hir regned Sicillius and after hym kymarus da¦uius after dauius morindus that was ful cruel / but atte laste a beest deuoured hym

¶ Capitulum 26

ARsanius otherwyse callyd artaxerses othus sone was xiij yere kynge of Perse and regned four yere In his first yere Iadus bisshop of Iewes prospred ¶Philip kyng of macedonia was dede by trayson of one pansania Trogus libro nono This philip was moore besy aboute dedes of Armes than about feestes and yaue hym moore to wynne rychesse than to kepe it And for al that he robbed alway yet he was euer nedy and lo¦ued mercy and falseheed bothe lyke wel and was vntrusty in his speche / and wold behote more than he wold perfourme He couth feyne hym gracious and wel apayed whan he was wroth & wroth whan he were wel apayed He vsed to make wrath by¦twene partyes and gete thank on eyther syde ¶ Trogus libro septimo This whan he had fyrste ouercomen the men of athe∣nes he lette the prysonners goo by his good wylle than he wed¦ded olimpyada Neoptholomeus the kynges doughter of the mo¦loses and bigate on hir the grete Alysaunder ¶ Thes yaue an assaute to the cyte mathona and there his right eye was smyton oute with the strook of an arowe / but for that wounde he was neuer the slower to fyght ne wrother with his enemy / but atte laste men yelde vp the Cyte and than he was mylde and mercia∣ble to hem al Trogus libro octauo This philip was enemy to mennes fredome he nourysshed firyfe in Cytees & helped the lasse aiēst the more & brought both in to thraldō the victor & him that was ou{er}come / so he made to hym .ij / brether kynges of tracia subget that putte her querele in his arbytracion to deme rightly bitwene hem to make final pees ¶ He made subget to hym the Bardanes and other nacions by suche maner fraude ¶He made his wyues brother Alysaunder a yonglynge of / xx. yere old to vse f••rnicacion alwaye / for he wolde haue hym afterward the moore bounde to hym and to his seruyce ¶Trogus libro 14 Philip somtyme werred ayenst the Shi••es and scomfyted hem more with gyle and fraude than with vertu and strength He had with hym on a tyme twenty thousand childer of women & of beestes with twenty thousande noble mares for to doo what it were in macedoyne as it were to haue somme manere newe men to dwelle therin And on a tyme he torned from the tebans men of thebes in grece that warned him passage / and was woū¦ded in his thigh wōderly soore so that thurgh his thye his hors

was slayne that he rode on Netheles he scomfyted hem solemp∣nely but that day for the vyctory he semed neuer the gladder of chere to his owne men / ne the more stierne to hem that were ouer come but he sente ayen the prysonners and restored ayene thre honderd wysemen that were put oute Al thes wyse men whan fyue of hem were accused of the trespas sayde that they al we∣re euen peres in doyng of that dede Yet philip arrayed an hoost of two honderd thousand fote men and fyften thousand horsmen to werre in the Reame of pers and made one Attalus duc and leder of that hooste this dukes sister Olympiada was philippes wyf and afterward put away and forsake / ¶ Therfor whan Philip sate atte feste of spousayle without wardcorpses Pansa∣nia a noble yong man slough him right there ¶ The cause therof was this· Atthalus had dispitefully scorned this pāsania and done hym greete vylenye firste pryuely and after openly in a grete feste and reuel & he complayned ofte to Philip of the de∣spite that atthalus had done hym and had none amēdes· therfor he tourned his wrath and was wroth with philippe and slough hym in that maner for vengeance of that dede ¶ Olimpia¦da philippes wyf and alysaunder philippes sonne were hadde in suspection and not holden all gyltles of that dede ¶ Olimpia∣da for that she was forsaken· and Alysaunder for the despyte in that was done to his moder And specially for philip ofte repre¦ued his sone alysander for his moder was so forsakē & was oft in point to rese on hym with his swerde And therfor Alysander exiled. dwellyd a while with his vncle in epyrus Treuisa This lande is tracia and was somtyme the land of Epyrotes / It foloweth in thystory he hanged afterward pansania & crow∣ned olympyada with gold & brente aftward hir body vpon hir husbandes body / Treuisa / Who that knoweth this crony{que} a right knoweth that it was vsed somtyme in dyuers landes to bren∣ne noble bodyes whan they were deed and kepe the askes solēp¦nely in reuerent place It foloweth in thystory he hanged cle¦opatra Atthalus sister ¶ This philip was somtyme warned & saued him self from the vyolence of a chariot Therfor he vndid all the charyottes and chares that were in his kyngdome Also he auoyded and withdrough him from that place callyd chariot in boecia / and come not therinne ¶ Netheles he escaped not pansanias swerde in the hilt of that swerde was engrauen a chariot ¶Pol libro sexto capitulo sexto ¶While philip ordeyned

his hooste he forbade al men al maner cariage that gooth vpon wheles and commaunded euery ten foote men bere aboute with hem stones and ropes. In somer tyme he made men bere meele & flour and quernes on hir neck for thyrtty dayes ¶ Trogus li∣bro primo

¶ Capitulum 27

THe grete Alysaunder whan his fader was dede· bygan to regne after his fader in macedonia in his xx. yere of age & regned but xij yere and sex monethes / He was gretter than his fader both in vyces and in vertues / Netheles his fader was the wyser man of counseylle / but the sonne was the gretter man of herte ¶ The fader wold ofte kepe secrete and ouercome his owne wrath· the sonne vsed not to seche loue nowther the maner of wreche / eyther loued wel wine and were both good deynkers The fader wold slee but his enemyes and the sonne wold slee both his enemyes and his frendes ¶ The fader wold be loued but the sonne had leuer be drad. they were of one byleue / the fa∣der yaue him to skylful largenes of yeftes / and the sonne yaue him to lechery Vynceū libro quinto The yere of othus kynge of pers xv of philip kyng of macedoine xij and of nectanabus kyng of egypt xvij. othus occupyed egypte and put oute nec∣tanabus· If this nectanabus drad werre and bataylle he wold not araye and gadre his hoost· neyther ordeyne gynnes of wer∣re but he wold go secretely in to a pryuate place and take with him a basine of clere water and make shippes and men of wax to the lykenesse of a shippe in the see soo that it shold seme that all tho meoued and were alyue Also he wold take a yerde of fyrre holowe / within as a pype and he wold speke in the holow∣nesse of that yerde and clepe goddes aboue and bynethe and soo he wold founde to drowne his ship of waxe in the basen / And soo it shold byfalle that by drenchyng of the wax and of the ta∣pres that were brennynge his enemyes sholde drenche in the see / He herde telle on a tyme that Indes perthes medes Arabes and other nacions also had conspyred to ryse ayenst him and he bra∣ke on laughyng and went to doo his craft that he vsed / and he knew by that that he shold be ouercome but yf flyght might helpe him· Anone he bade shaue his heed. and toke alle the precious

riches that he had and cam in to macedonia and sayd that he was a astronomer / and philip the kyng was thoo oute of countray / & occupyed in werre and nectanabus by his enchauntement and his fantastick feynyng gate suche loue of the Quene Olimpias. that he laye by hir in lykenesse of Iupiter horned and bygate the grete alysander / Than whan the quene. was with childe ma∣ny foules flowe about philip that was tho occupyed in werre But amonge other fowles an henne leyde an egge in philippes lap and whan that egge was smyten of his lap to the grounde a dragon lepte oute of the shelle and crept all aboute and while he wold haue cropen in to the shelle that he came oute of. he dyed anone / Than Antiphon a noble dyuynoure was demaunded what that shold signefye & he answerd & sayde that philip shold haue a sone borne that shold goo about all the world but he shold dye er he came ayene For a dragon is a ryall beest and an egge hath the shap of the world ¶Afterward whan Olimpias was trauelyng of child were herde and seene erth quakynge lyght∣nyng and thonder Quintus curcius Al t••at day sate twey egles vpon the coppe of the hows that boded & sygnefyed twey grete empyres of europa and asia Vyncen̄ The child is born and named Alysaundre with fayre heier and fayr eyen one yelo∣we another black ¶ Ieronimus epistola 85 ¶ Alysaundre might not leue the maners and the vyces and the lechery of his mayster leonydes. in the whiche he was enfe••t while he was a childe and vsed hem whan he was lorde of theworld / ¶ And therfor his fader philip put away leonydes and made Aristotle to be Alysaundres mayster ¶ Seneca ¶Alysaunder put that leonydes afterward to lyons to be deuouted

¶Vincen̄ ¶ Whan Alysaunder was twellif yere old he hadde grete lykynge and ioye to be in hooste amonge men of Armes / and to lepe on hors and vsed hym self right knyghtly On a day whan Philip was absente. Alysaundre prayd Necta∣nabus that he wold teche hym his crafte and he graunted / and whā they cam to geder to a depe water pytte· alysander threw the witche in the same pytte And whan he was dede wounded he ax∣ed of Alysaundre why he dide soo ¶ Thy craft sayd Alysaun¦der is to blame for it warned not the this chaunge. there thou lyeste neuelyng and sholdest telle after these thynges o•• heuen / and he answerd and sayde / ¶ No man maye flee his ow∣ne desteny / ¶ Treuisa / ¶ Nectabanus sayde this

sawe & was a wytche & therfor he is neuir the better̄ to be byleuid But it were a vyle shame / for a cristen man to byleue this fals sawe of a wytche. For from euery myshap that man is shape / in this world to falle yn / god may him saue yf it be his wylle Than it foloweth in the story nectanabus sayde I know well by this craft that myne owne sonne shold slee me / what sayde Aly∣saunder art thou my fader & he told alysandre al thyng by ordre as it stode & dyed anon after / than alisander ordeyned hym a gra¦ue & told his moder of al this / that tyme philip toke gret thought who shold be his heyre and kyng after hym & had answer of appo¦lyn delphicus that who that euer myght ryde his hors withoute falle or hurtynge sholde be his heyre and lord of the world / Alysander herde telle herof of philippes hors called Bucyfall right perillous and bytyng· and alwey kept in cloos and neyed as it were in the roryng of lyons. netheles alysaunder toke the hors by the mane & ledde hym out & lept on his bak & rode hym without hurting / Philip herde therof & worshipped alysandre as lord of the world / therfor alisander in his xvj yere faught in cha¦riottes & had the vyctorye & wan the cyte mathona that his fa∣der had loste / and whan he cam hoome ageyne he sawe messagers of pers in his fader hows chalenge trybute that they were wont to haue for land and for water / what seid alisaunder chalengith the kynge of pers / the Elementes that be commune to al men & beestes / than he bade darius leue of & cesse of vnskylful doing Gir in top· In an homely & special company & myrthe alisandre herd a swete harp and he kytte the strenges & sayde is is better to kytte strenges than hertes / he conceyued that by the swete melo∣dye his herte shold be moor torned to likyng than to hardynesse. to ease than to cheualrye / to lechery than to vertu / to bestly liking than to manhode / netheles historyes saiē that antigonus brake the harp that alysander toke grete delyte to here. & saith it befalleth to thine age now to regne. be than ashamed to suffre womens liking to regne in a kynges body Tullius ¶While alysaunder gate fauoure of men by yeftes of moneye / his fader wroote to hym in this manere / What erroure hath broughte the in to that hope that thou troweste to haue hem true to the / that thou haste ouercome with money. he that receyueth is the wors and also moore redy to wayte after yeftes thereby he taketh heede to the as to a seruāt and a yeuer of yeftes and not as to a kyng

¶ Capitulum 28

THe xiiij kynge of pers darius Arsanius sonne / began to regne the second yere of alysander and regned six yere ¶Trogus libro 11 ¶ Than Alysaunder slough his stepdames sonne caranus and all his owne kynne that semed able to the kyngdome· for that no matier of stryf sholde leue in macedoyne whan he were oute of the land Than he alayde craftely many stryues that were bygonne and went in to corinth / he began to re¦store the werre in pers that his fader had bygonne He made sub¦get the lacedomones and the athenens that were rebell by coū∣seylle of· demostenes Than the Attenens with the flemes the∣bans yaue them self to darius kyng of pers He deled his hery∣tage amonge his frendes and byleued that Asia were allone y¦nowe for him· And therfor he bade the knyghtes spare the thin∣ges of Asia / he lefte the duller men to kepe his kyngdome / ma∣cedonya and had with him the sharpest wytted men ¶Olde mē of sixty yere that had trauaylled with his fader. he made them maystres / and leders of his hooste / for they put hope in brayne and not in feet and trust in the vyctory and not in the flyght In Alysaundres hoost were / xxxiij M fote men and fyue thou∣sand horsmen Therfor it was doute whether it was more won∣der that alysaunder myght wynne the world with so lytel strēg¦the / owther that he durste auntre him with soo lytel strengthe ¶Petrus 196 ¶Than Alysaunder passed the see Elespontus / and ouercome darius dukes and leders that were assembled a∣yenst him vpon the granicus ¶Than he passed forth thurgh li∣dia thurgh y••onia. thurgh pamp••ilia and toke the cyte Sardes / that is sette bytwene the twey Frygyes Trogus libro vndeci∣mo ¶Alysaunder herde of the comyng of darius and drad the streytnesse of places and went vp to the hille mount taurus & leyde on fyfty furlonges and had the maystrie and came to thar¦ses full of swote and of pouder or dust and threw him self in to a water that spryngeth there / than his Senewes beganne to shrynke soo that he shold haue dyed anone but he had taken a dryncke of philip a Phisicien Netheles darius had bifore yeuen to philip a grete somme of money for to slee alysaunder and Ali¦saundre had lettres therof and was warned that he shold in noo wyse take drynke ne medycyne of philips hand / ¶ Netheles Alisaundre toke trustly a dryncke of Philippes hande / But he

toke him first the same lettres to rede. after four dayes alysander was hole and darius passed the Ryuer Eufrates at mount tau∣rus with iiij C·M / fote men & an honderd thousand horsmen & set forth the forward and sheltron There was strong fyghtynge & eyther kyng was wounded / darius fled fast away four score / M fotemen and ten thousand horsmen of his were slayne and xxx thousand were taken. his castels and walled townes were beten to ground. darius moder and his wyf and his twey sistres were taken but her lyf was saued and they be to new maryage taken Than alysaunder bigan to lyue lecherously and loued barsines that was taken and gate on hir hercules. Than he desired to be kyng of the eest. and went in to Siria ¶Petrus 146 Than one Saraballa made a subgestion to kyng alisaundre that the Iewes wold be the lasse rebell yf theyr power were deled a two & by leue of the kyng they bylde a tēple in the hill mōt ga¦zarim that dured to the destruction that was done by the Ro∣maynes and ordeined abysshop ther in manasses that had wed¦ded his doughter and was Iadus the bisshops broder ¶ Tro∣gus libro 11. Whyle alisander was in siria many kynges of the est cam ayenst hym & lordes with crownes and dyademes somme of hem· he toke to his cōpany & som he bename her kingdōs & put newe in her stede & put down many gētilmē & put vngētilmē in her stede. amōg the which he put of gētilmē & made an vngētilmā lord of the sidonies that lord was wont bifore to worche for hem & laue vp wat of pyttes & wat orchardes & gardens so he did for men shold take hede and truste to be anaunsed by ther noble dedes & not by her grete blood· Trog{us} li / 18· That tyme alisāder fil¦led the diches and toke the cyte tirus & heng in croyses all that dwellyd there out take stracons blode. Trogus li / 81· Sōtyme we¦re many chorles in that cyte tirus & conspyred to geder & slough her lordes that were vyctours long tyme and all her fre men & oc∣cupyed her howses and wedded her wyues / and bygate free childer though hym self were bonde ¶ Netheles one chorle of soo many thousand hidde his lord called stracon and sauede hym goodly / Than the chorles come to geder to ch••se hem a kyng and were assented that whiche of hem myght first espye the son¦ne risyng on the morow he shold be her kyng. this goode chorle warned his lord strakō of this doing & strakō coūseylled the chor¦le that whan they were al comyn at nyght in to the feld & loked Estward after the sonne he shold loke westward and soo he did

and shewed him wonderly the lyghte of the sonne beames shy¦nyng on the highest towres of the Cyte. but hem semede that that manere doynge come of no churles wytte and axede faste who was counseylour of that dede and he knowleched that it was his lord / than it was knowen how gretely witte of lordes passed wit of churles / than the old men and his childer had grace & stracō was chosen kyng / this man doyng of chorles comynly was vsed in euery lande vnto alysaunders tyme / He toke the cyte & slough all that was therinne except stracones blode / Iose li / 11 / Than aly¦sandre wrote to Iadus prynce of preestes in Iherusalem that be shold ordeyne for hym vytaylle and trybute that he was wonte to pay to darius the kyng / Iadus warned and sayde nay / for he was sworn to darius to pay hym that trybute / therfor alysander was displesyd with the Iewes· Petrus li / 196·. Than alysander wente forth and toke the Cyte Gaza whan he hadde besieged it twey monethes and from thens he went toward Ierusalem And Iadus the Bisshop as he was taught in his slepe arayed him in bisshops arraye and wēt with other preestes ayenst kinge alysaunder & shewed him the prophecye of danyel· in the which prophecie it was sayde that one of the Grekes sholde destroye the power of the perses and that by goddes doynge and soo Iadus gate grace of the kyng and relesse of the trybute for seuen yere

Trogus libro 11· Than he wan roodes· and egypt as it were withoute bataylle / Than he wente to Iupiter ammon to wytte of hym reede & coūsayle of happes that sholde bifalle & also of his owne byrthe / For his moder olimpias was beknowen to philip· that a grete serpent hadde geten alysaunder on hir & not Philippe therfor philip in the last tyme of his lyf tolde openly that Aly∣sander was not his sonne and therfor he forsoke Olympyada and put hir away from him / ¶ Than Alysaunder desired to gete him lygnage and byrth of godheed and also to put of the sklan¦der of his moder Than alysaunder gaue mede to the bisshops and warned hem what answer he wolde haue and wente in to Iupiters temple and was worshipped as he were goddes sonne ¶ And therfore he wexe the more prowde and vnesy and lost the vysage of thewes that he hadde lerned in lettres of grue Than he torned in to egypt / and there bylde the cyte allexandria. and passed forth and warred vpon the Cyte of Samarita∣nes and wanne it and yaue it to Macedoyns to dwelle in ¶ For the Samarytes hadde slayne one Andromachus. that

Alysaunder he lefte to kepe the countray / Aug{us} de ci dei li 4 ca 4 Pol li 3 That tyme Alisaunder axed of one dyonydes a theef of the see that was taken· why he robbed the see and he answerd and sayde stydfastly for the same skyl that thou robbest alle the world wyde / but for I doo with a lytel ship therfor I am cal∣led a theef & for thou doost it with a grete nauy thou art cleped an emperour towchyng the cause therof / is noo difference bytwe∣ne vs· but vnfortune & vnhap oute take that he is werste that stelith moost / were alysaundre taken al one. he shold be cleped a theef. and yf the peple were redy to dyonydes commaundemente than dyonydes were an Emperour ¶ The lawes that I flee thou impugnest and withsayst hem / lytel fortune / pouerte and scarsite of ryches maketh me a theef. Grete pryde and couetyse that may not be fulfylled maketh the a theef· On caas yf my for¦tune and Ryches were withdrawe I sholde be better than I am now And thou the more fortune and ryches that thou hast / the wors thou shalt be / Alysaundre wondred of his stydfastnesse· & sayde I shal essay yf thou wolt be the better / yf thy fortune be chaunged / soo that after this thou shalt wyte it thyne own ma¦ners and not fortune what thou trespassist and doost amysse Iustinus li·6 / Whan siria was ouercome. alysaunder and dari¦us cam efte to geders in batayll for to fighte / darius sente lettres to alysaunder in this maner / darius kyng of kynges & cosyn of goddes sendith to his seruaūt alysander chargyng & commādyng the that thou retorne to my seruaūtis thy forfaders that yet lyest in thy moders lap I hote that thou lerne mānes offyce & til thou come therto. I sende to the a scourge a ball & a purs with gold· the scourge bitokeneth the to take hede to thy lore the bal acordeth to the playeng of thyne age & the money maye releue the in thy wey & but thou be obeyssaūt to my cōmādemētes & hestes & do as I cōmāde / & charge I shal sende men that shal scourge the & binde y^e & bring the boūden byfore my lordship & mageste / these saynges made the lordes that were with alysander sore abasshed & aferde Than alysander answerd hem & said why be ye abasshed of thes wordes that haue more of brag & of boost than of trust & of truth It is the maner of the feblest houndes to berke moost & euer the lasse might they haue they berke the faster Than alysander wro¦te to darius in this maner alysander kyng of kynges and lord of lordes and cosyn of goddes sendith greting to darius Thou hast sēte me a scourge a ball & money of gold therbi I knoulech

that thou hast couenablye gran̄ted me all thyng / for it behoueth that I vse a scourge among my subgettis / the roundenesse of the balle signefieth that I shal be lord and emperour of al the wy∣de world / the gold that thou hast sente me behoteth me lordship of al thy rychesse and tresour the grete boost that thou makest of ry¦chesse maketh vs to haue the gretter wylle to werre ayenst the /

Trogus libro vndecimo ¶ Atte last darius was ouercome & fledde in to babylone and prayd Alysaunder by lettres that he myght raunson his men that were taken prisoners But aly∣saunder chalenged not only money but all the hool kyngdome / Efte darius proferd Alysaunder his doughter / and a grete par••e of his kyngdome with her / But alysaunder charged him to deliu to hym his owne· and commanded darius to come mekely and re¦ceyue as the vyctor wyl ordeyne· Than darius had none hope of peas and cam ayenst alysaunder with / iij.C.M. fote men & an C / M. horsmen· Netheles it was told him by the way that his wyf was deed in trauayll of child in Alysaundres warde· & that a∣lysaunder had buryed hir with gre••e worship. Netheles alysan∣der did it not for loue / but for māhode of hym self / therfor dari{us} wrote to him the thyrd tyme thākyng hym that he was curtoys to al his and dyde hem no despyte ne enuye· & proferd hym the more part of his kyngdom vnto the Ryuer eufrates & his dough¦ter with xxx / M talentes for the other dele of his men that we∣re taken prysoners· Alysaunder answerd thankyng of enemyes is but vanyte / It nedeth not said he flater among reses of werre than he promysed hym araye his sheltron / owther yelde hym & his / namely while that land may not suffre twey kinges that be lyke grete Than Alysaunder went priuely in to darius tentes / and mette happely with darius and sayde. I am Alysaunders messager and I telle thes tydynges I hold hym no kynge. that hyeth hym slowly in to bataylle. whether thou be Alysaun∣der sayd Darius that spekest soo boldly / Nay sayd Alysaunder but I am his messager ¶ Than Darius brought him· in to soper where Alysaunder of euery vessell that was profered hym to drynke he drank of the wyne & put the vessel in his bosom Whan dari{us} was warned herof by his seruauntes / he was wroth & reproued alysander as a theef / this maner said alysander is v∣sed in alysandris court. and therfor I wende it be soo vsed ••••re And soo the kyng was apayed and the noyse cessed ¶ But one that was atte feste knewe Alysaunder & therof Alysaunder

was soone war and fledde anone and slough a child of perse that helde his hors atte yate and passed the Ryuer and came to his men Darius folowed Alysaunder but alysander charged that none of his men sholde passe the Ryuer / and that his men shold yeue wey and lette the perses passe Trogus libro vndeci¦mo Ther was strong fyghtyng and atte last darius gan to fle and Alysaunders knyghtes pursued and toke grete prayes ful thyrtty dayes Than that ryche cyte persipolis that was the chief cyte of pers was taken but darius fledde with many soore woū¦des and his owne cosyns put him in boundes of gold / but atte last darius dyed and alisaunder buryed him with grete solemp¦nyte and worship ¶Trogus libro 1•• ¶The meane tyme messa∣gers came with lettres oute of macedonia and tolde that Anti∣pater the wardayn and kepar of the countray had ouercome ca∣cides kyng of spartania that is lacedomonia and also alysaun∣der kynge of epyres that is tracia but Antipater also was fow∣le born downe ¶Also Zephiron Alysaunders stuard with xxx thousand faught ayenst the shytes and were al destroyed· whan Alysaunder hadde herd these tydynges. he made thre dayes greet moone and sorowe. than his knyghtes trowed that he wold re¦torne to his owne countray / Netheles alysaunder comforted his knyghtes to trauaylle and wynne straunge londes of the eest / & sayd that he sought not darius body / but his kyngdome and his londe ¶Sone after he wanne the mardes and the hircanes Also talestris the quene of Amazones with thre honderd wo∣men mette with Alysaunder and came xxxv iourneyes amonge right cruel men for to haue childer by kynge Alysaunder. The sight and the comyng of hir was wōderful to al maner mē and specially for the message that she brought was wonderful & not vsed Than she lyued there xiij dayes / in flesshly lykynge and went hir waye ¶R Netheles Alysaunders storye tellyth that Alysaunder axed trybute of the quene of Amazones and she wrote to hym in this maner ¶Of thy wytte is wonder that thou woldest fyght with women / For yf it happe that fortune fa¦uour vs and thou be ouercome than thou art shamed for euer more and yf thou ouercome vs thou getest but lytel worship of vyctory of women ¶Trogus libro 12

¶ Capitulum 29

AFter this Alysaunder toke the clothyng and the dyademe of the kynge of pers as thaugh he wold passe in to the ma∣ner and vsage of macedonia ¶And for it shold not seme that all one he trespassed in that doyng· he. bade his frendes also vse longe clothes of gold / Also he deled the tymes and stempnes of the nyghtes amonge companye of strompettes and put to noble mete & drynk lest fastyng destroyed lechery he highted his meels with dyuers playes and hadde no mynde that grete Rychesse is lost by suche maner doyng and not gete ne wonne. Therfore men began to haue indygnacion of hym for he forsoke the vsage and the maners of his forfaders / He lette knyghtes wedde women that were taken prysonners / for they shold take and suffre more easily the trauaylle of chiualrye and thynke the lasse of theyr owne countrey / he helde that macedonia shold be strenger / yf yong knightes come after old faders and vsed dedes of knyghtes with in the boundes of theyr owne byrth / And shold be the more stal worth afterward yf they pyght her tentes as it were in her ow∣ne cradels / Also Alysaunder ordeyned fedyng for childre· hers· and armour for the yonglynges hire & wages for the faders / & yf the faders dyed the sonnes shold receyue the wages of the fa¦ders and so her childhode shold be as it were knyghthode & cheual¦rye / than whan the partyes were chased Alysaunder waye cruel amonge his owne men and hated moost yf ony of his men with saide him of ony maner dede· There he slough one permenion an old man that was next the kyng and permenyons sonne phil••∣ta also / for they tolde hym that he ouertourned and destroyed the maners and the vsages of the countray and of his fornfaders Than Alysaunder drad lest tydynges of that dede shold come in to macedonia. he made it as he wold sende somme of his frendes in to macedonia to. telle there tydynges of the vyctoryes and of the grete dedes that he had doo and bade that men shold wryte lettres al that wold tydynges sende and made the messagers brynge him the lettres pryuately for he wold knowe al mennes wylle that wold lettres sende owther for he wold rewarde hem that we¦re true owther sende hem that were fals in to ferre londes Pol· Alysander was ofte dronken and than he was cruel amōg his meyny / And soo it happed on a tyme that he yaue dome a∣yenst one the grettest of his palays that his heed shold of / And

he appeled anone right· ¶ But for me vsed to appele from the lasse to the more. the tyraunt that was wyne dronke torned in to more wodenesse and sayde from whome and to whom appellyst thou / I appelle sayd he from Alysaunder the dronke to alysaun¦der the sober / By that answer Alysaunder abated his wrath & put of the sentence and dome / and fully foryaue hym the trespas ¶ Trogus Than he subdued the peple that dwellyd atte fote of the hille cancasus and bylde the cyte Alexandria vpon the ry¦uer thanays ¶R Here take hede that Alysaunder buyld xij· cytees euery of hem callyd Allexandria in dyuers kyngdomes and landes / ¶Atte Ryuer thanays Pontus Shiciā mesagetes Egypt Troada at Tigris and at Staurus. and made wryte in the walles of the cytees in lettres of grue Alisander Iupiters cosyn ¶ Trogus libro duodecimo ¶ The men that be closed with in the watres that be callyd Palludes meotydes sente a letter to Alisander in this maner· Yf goddes wolde that the hauyng of thy body were euen to the coueitese of thy sowle the world myght not receyue the· whether thou knowe not that trees that growe long tyme be roted vp in a litel while / than take hede and bewar that thou falle not with the tre while thou takest to the the bow¦es Ofte the lion is mete to smale beestes and to fowles and rust destroyed yren / there is no thyng so strong and stydfast that may not be brought in to peryll and that by a feble thyng and wele litel worth / ¶ What cyleth the at vs / we cam neuer in thy lond we may serue no man and we kepe not to regne ¶ And thou hast ioye to pursue theues and thou art euery nacions thef What nede hastow to ryches that maketh the the more nedy to de¦sire moore riches To the vyctory is cause of bataylle / no man suf¦freth gladly an alien lord / And yf thou art god thou sholdest yeue men benefyce and yeftes and take fro no man his owne If thou be a man thynke what thou art / thou myght haue fren¦des of hem that thou hast not greued / and them that thou hast ouercome thou myght haue hem euer in suspect. bitwene a bon¦de man and his lord is no maner frendship though they be in pe¦as / One day at a fest amonge Alisandres trusty frendes was speche of the dedes of philip the kyngis fader Ther Alysaun∣dre began to booste and make him self more worthy than his fa∣der and a grete dele that were atte feste helde vp Alisandres oy∣le But olitus an old man and wyse trust in the kynges frend∣ship and praysed the fader and anone Alisandre slough hym

for that grete preysyng but afterward whan the kynges wo∣denesse was cessed he bithought hym of the persone / that was slayne of the cause of his deth and of the fest tyme and made soo grete sorowe that he desired to dye. the teeres brake oute of his eyen and he wept ful soore Than he biclypped the dede corps and gropeth the woundes and drewe oute the shafte and profe∣reth to stycke him self therwith ¶For this olitus sister was ali∣sandres norse / this sorowe dured four dayes and one calystenes alisaundres scole fere vnder aristotle alayed this sorow vnneth with grete besynesse ¶Trogus libro duodecimo ¶But not long afterward for this calystenes the Philosopher wold not vse the maner and the araye of pers Alysaunder bare hym on hande that he was a fals espye and heete smyte of his lymmes and threwe the stoke of the body in to a pyt and an hand with hym· But one lysimachus a gentilman and a noble made him dryn∣ke venym for remedye of his sorowe ¶ Than Alysaunder was wroth for that dede and put this lysimachus to a lyon to be eten but he wrapped a cloth aboute his hande and put in to the lyons mouth / whan the lyon resed and rased of the tong and slough the lyon. Alysaunder sawe that and loued him the more afterward ¶Solinus ¶After this Alisander cam to the hilles of caspy the¦re the childer of boundage of the ten lygnages of Israel were closed and prayd for lycence to Alisander to goo oute of that clo¦syng / And whan Alysaunder had vnderstande that they were closed there for her synne / and that it was prophecied of hem that they shold not goo thens / Alisaunder closed them· faster & stopped her oute goyng with stones and glue and he sawe that mannes wytte was not suffisaunt to doo that dede and prayde god of Israel that he wold fulfylle that werk. and dede than the coppes of the hilles wente and closed to geder / and soo the place was closed that noman myght come therto ¶R But they shal go oute atte worldes ende and slee many men so sayth Iosephus After this Alisander aboute the tenth yere of his kyngdom wēt to Inde and keuered the armour of his knyghtes with siluer and wēt vp in to the noble cyte nysa / thens he ledde his hooste toward the holy hille where men heele ther preuy harnays with yuy leues· there with a sodayn doyng of the hill his hoost was moeued to crye to god almyghty with holy cryes· ¶ Than he went to the hilles called montes dedaly that be in the kyngdome of the quene cleofilis· and for she myghte not withstande hym

with Armour in fyghtyng / she lette the kyng lye by hir and she raunsomed the kyngdome / The sonne that she had by alisander was named alysaunder and was Emperour of Inde after his moder / ¶But the quene was cleped the kynges harlatte whi¦le she was a lyue / than Alysaunder cam to a stone of a wonder sharpnesse· moche peple were fledde theder for socoure / At that stone hercules was forboden forther passage for he shold passe noo ferther But Alysaunder wold passe hercules dedes and gate that place with grete trauaylle and perille and made the peple yelde them to his mageste ¶ After that Alysaunder faught with porrus kyng of Inde / he slough Alisaunders hors that hete bucyfall / Netheles porrus was wounded al aboute and take pry¦sonner And Alysaunder restored hym ayene to his kyngdom Netheles this porrus was so sory that he was ouercome that he wold not ete ne suffre men hele his woundes

¶ Capitulum 30

WHan Alysaunder had goone aboute the last clyff of occeā he arayed him to werre in the Ilond Bragmans / They sente him suche a letter Kynge we haue herd of thy bataylles / & of thy vyctoryes / but what shal suffice the whō all the world suf¦fiseth not. rychesse we haue none for the whiche me shuld werre on vs. Al our good is comune to vs all / Mete is our ryches / Vy¦le clothyng and sckars we haue in stede of gold and grete araye Our women be not arrayed for to plese For grete aray is acomp¦ted charge amonge vs and not highnesse and fayrenesse Our women desire no more fayrenesse than they haue of kynde ¶ Our drye dyches and dennes standeth vs in double stede / in stede of oure herberowe while we lyue and in stede of oure graues whan we be dede· ¶ Yf we haue somtyme a kynge / It is not for to doo right· but for honeste of kynde / We haue among vs neyther domes ne plee· for we do not thing that nedeth redres¦se by plee owther by dome· we desire no more than reson of kynde axeth· we holde nedefull that we knowe is mesurable and not to moche / Euenesse of pouert maketh vs all ryche· our peple hath one lawe and dooth nothynge ayenst the lawe of kynde we vse no trauayll that slhod make vs couetous we shone and forsake

fowle sleuthe and lechery we doo no thynge that nedith punys∣shyng / It is vnlawfull to vs to wounde the hilles with culture and with share. we vse no gloteny ne outrage of mete and dryn∣ke and therfore we be not seke / we dwelle in drye dyches heuen fyndeth vs keueryng & erth fyndeth vs bedding We be no wer¦riours we make pees with good liuyng and not with strength Also noo fader foloweth thoffyce of his sonnes deth

¶ Committatur exequias

¶ We seche no playes & Iapes for it is right lyking to vs to be¦hold the firmament and the sterres of heuen / we be men of simple speche· It it commune to vs all not to lye / god of al is our god for he hath lykyng in wordes and in beedes by a maner lykenes¦se of loue / He is a worde spyryte and thought and is not plesid with wordly Rychesse but with hooly werkes and thankynges of his grace Rn̄o allexandri If it be as thou sayst dindim{us} bragmans allone be acompted in the nombre and tale of man∣kynde they be withoute vyces and ryches. they acompte wronge∣full all the dedes that we doo· they acompte greuous the benefy∣ce that god hath graunted to the help of mankynde. helpe and ser¦uice of craftes they acompte synfull and atte laste they destroye the lawes of lyuyng. than eyther they sey / that they be goddes· or that they han enuye to god and bi cause therof they blame the fayrest of creatures Respōsio dindimi ¶ We be not at home in this world but from home as gestes / we come not to dwelle he¦re but to wende hens. we be not alayde with charge of synnes / but withoute suche maner charges / We drawe nyghe oure owne hows and hye faste homeward / we say not that we be goddes we haue none enuye to god / But we sey that we wol not mysuse goodnesse of god almyghty. We say not that al thynge is seme∣ly that is lawful / god hath putte the vse of thynges in mānes fredome than he that leueth the wors and foloweth the better / is not god but he is made goddes frende· ¶ Whan the swellynge of welth hath bolned vp pryde than ye forgete that ye be men and seyn that god rekketh not of mākynde / ye bylde temples to youre self in the whiche ye sheden blode Therfore I calle yow. woode for ye wytte not what ye doo and yf ye despyse god wyttyngly than ye holden in the synne sacrylege Epistola Allexandri Thou callest thy self a man of welthe for thou dwellest ther noo

man may come to the / ye prayse the lyuynge and doing of youre scarsete but by the same skylle they be in welthe that be in perpe∣tuel prysonne. for they haue noo vse of ryches. but they be with oute ryches right as ye be· lawe of kynde dooth to you as prison doth to hem That ye tille neyther gardyns ne feldes that ma∣keth defawte of yre that kynd voucheth not sauf to yeue you / that yet lyue by rootes / soo ye muste nedes for ye maye not sayle in to other londes to gete you other lyuelode ¶ Somtyme beestes ly∣ued by rootes right as ye doo therfor it is good to lyue in good rule and in plente and not in strayte skarste and meschyef Elles blyndenesse and pouerte shold be noble vertues allone Blyndenesse for he seeth not what he coueyteth / and pouerte for he hath not what he desireth That your women ben not lykyng∣ly arayed I graunt for ye haue neyther connyng ne wher wyth That ye haue no grete flesshely lykynge it is no wonder for that maketh your grete nede and meschyef and fowle sight and na∣kednesse / that ye haue no lawes and domes men and studye in no l••ttrure and axen neyther grauntmercy / therinne ye acorde with fysshes and vnskylful beestes / Mannes sowle in dyuers ti¦me for dyuers happes of causes is able to dyuers maner of do¦yng / dyuers manere of sowles torne and chaūge with the chaū¦gynge of heuen and be wyttede in a cl••er day and dull wytted and heuy whan the day is dym and clowdy / Also the reason of wyttes as it maye be in many maner wyse soo it is chaungeable and not only by dyuersyte of other thynges but also by dyuer¦site of ages ¶ Therfor childhode is myld and yong men be wyl∣de and old men be soft and wexen feble Also al the wyttes ben plesed with thynges that longe to her owne felyng ¶Treuisa / Ye may knowe how the wyttes han lykyng in thynges that lon¦geth to her owne felynge yf ye take hede how the sighte hath ly∣kyng in fayr hew and colour the heryng in swete voys and sow¦ne / the nose in swete odour & smelles / the mouth in swete tast & sauour / the gropyng in hote and cold drye and wete nessh and hard but nesshe is knowen by many wyttes / for it is knowen both by gropyng and by sight. ¶Than it foloweth in thystorye The elementes yeueth vs matier of wyttes and of all that we fele. the stature of the body of mankynde is made of the elemen¦tes medled ••o geder. for euery shold make good for his owne partye and yeue vs special help and subsydye by his owne dis¦pensacion. than yf thou wolt not vse the benefyce / that we haue

by thelementes the whiche benefyces ben seedes. fysshes and fow∣les and many other Thou shalt be accused of pryde / for thou forsakest yeftes / eyther for enuye for they be yeuen of hym that is better than thou Responsio dindimi / ¶ Ye moeue werres and bataylles and werre outward ayenst men· for ye haue not ouercomen your enemyes within / but we bragmans had ouer∣come the ynner bataylles of our owne membrys and reste siker¦ly and haue no bataylles outward / We beholden the firmamente and the sterres of heuen and her foules song we be heled and fed¦de with leues and fruyte of trees· we drynke water and sing son¦ges in worship of god / and take hede and thynke of the lyf that is comyng We be apayed with fewe wordes and be sone stylle and hold our pees / Ye say what shold be doo but ye doo it not Your wytte and wysedome is in your lyppes. ye be hongry and thyrsty after gold· you nedeth hows and seruauntes. ye coueyte reuerence and worship / water quencheth our kinde thirst ¶Gold heeleth not your woundes nowther withdraweth / ne refreyneth your couetise but maketh it moore ¶ Therfor it is openly kno∣wen that the thyrste and hongre of gold / cometh of kyndely nede. whan it were ones had it wold somtyme quenche suche honger and thyrst One calamus fledde from vs to you· we despysed hym and ye worship hym ¶Than Alysaunder sente one Onesi∣critus to dindimus that lay in a wode vpon leues of trees with these wordes Alysaunder the grete god Iupiters sonne and lord of the worlde chargith and commaundeth that withoute delaye thou come to hym and if thou comest he wold yeue the many gre¦te yeftes and if thou come not / thou shalt thi hede and thy lyf for goo ¶Dindimus lay styll and answerd him in this maner Sothfaste god yeueth men lyght and doth no man wrong / He auoydeth manslaughter / and arereth no stryf ne werre ¶ But Alysander shal dye than he is no god. ¶ What he promyseth to me is not nedeful to me· Me nedeth noo suche thynges· I goo frely wheder me lyketh· If Alysaunder smyte of my heede and slee me / he may not slee my sowle ¶ The gronyng of hem that suffren wronge is begynnynge of peyne and tourmentes of hem that doth the wrong Say than to Alysander that I drede not my deth / yf he wol ought of myne lette hym come to me Than Alysaunder lefte of all pompe and boste and cam to dyndimus fete· and dindimus to hym sayde. why distourbest thou our peas What desirest / we haue no thyng. & what we haue is not nedeful

to the We worship god and loue men. we rek not of gold / we despyse deth / Ye loue gold and hate men and despyse god Than Alysaunder sayd teche thou me wytte and wysedom that thou hast receyued. of god as it is sayde ¶Than dyndimus an∣swerd and seyde. thou haste not wheron to doo. suche a yefte / for thy sowle is ful of couetyse / than howe shal I suffyce to the. to whome all the world suffyseth not / god hath made the lytil / and though thou desire al the world / It nedeth the to haue atte last as lytel londe as thou seest me lye on owther thy self sitte on / If thou lerne this wysedome of me al thou shalt haue / though thou desire nought / for couetise is moder of pouert God is my frende / I haue heuen for my roof. the erthe in stede of my bed. the Ryuer fyndeth me drynke / and the wode is my mete borde· flesshe of beestys roteth not within my guttes / I am not buryels of de∣de bodyes / I lyue as I am made / I knowe goddes pryuytees. for god wyl that I be pertener of his werkes / ¶Than whether seyst thou is more ••ightful to mysbede men owther to defende hem and doo hem right to shede and to shyfte owther to kepe and to sa∣ue. If thou slee me I goo to god and thou maist not escape his hand / ¶Than destroye thou not that god hath wrought and ma¦de ¶Than Alysaunder sayd thou comest of god and lyuest in a place of pees and reste· I liue in grete drede and effray / myne ou∣ne wardeyns I drede I drede mote my frendes than myn ene∣myes I may not leue hem ne trust to other ¶ A day I greue men and I am greued at nyght and drede ful soore yf I slee him that I drede than am I sory and full of woo ¶ And yf I be easy and softe than I am despysed. and yf I wold dwelle with the in valeys and in dennys I myght not endure· whan these ta∣les were tolde. Alysaunder profered to dindymus gold syluer clothes breed and oyle ¶And dindimus sayde to hym may thou make the briddes that here singe the better for gold & siluer & yf thou maye not / why wolt thou make me wors than the briddes· and make me receyue thynge that maye not stande me in steede / but of a free man make me bonde but for I wold not greue the to swyth this oyle I wolle receyue And whan dindimus hadde sayd soo he threwe the oyle in a fyre of wode and sang an ymp∣ne to god almyghty / And alysaunder sawe that and went his way

¶ Capitulum 31

AFter this Alysaundre aboute the enleuenth yere of his kyngdome passed by the est occean & the bisshop of the trees of the sonne and of the mone come ayenst him / the bysshop was clothed in wylde beestes skynnes and sayde that they shold entre in to the place yf they were clene and not pollute in lykyng by women but they sholde doo of her clothes & her aray / And for thylke trees were an honderd fote highe. Alysaunder sayde that it rone ofte in that place. nay sayd the preeste and sayde that the∣re came neuer rayne ne byrd ne wylde beest / but the trees hadde wepte in the eclyps of the sonne and of the mone Petrus 197 Prestes toke of the apples of thes trees and lyued fyue honderd yere and whan the beame of the sonne touched the tree of the son̄e owther the beame of the mone the tree of the mone. than anone the tree wolde shake and yeue answer to hem that stode aboute Vincen̄· Alysander wold haue do sacrifice to the trees & the preest sayd It is not leful to sette encense a fyre in this place ne to slee bestes / than alysander felle downe and clypped and kysshed the stokkes of the trees and herd in the sonne rysynge of the tree of the sonne spekyng in the langage of Inde. And at euen in the mone rysinge· he herde of the tree of the moue spekyng in the lā¦gage of grece that one shold be lorde of alle the worlde aboute & that he shold neuer come home in to his owne countrey / and ther∣for he coūseylled hym that he shold not come at babyloyn / For yf he cam there he shold be slayne there not with egge tole but with venym. the second yere after· Also he herde that his moder shold wrechedly dye and his sistres lyue longe tyme in grete welth Petrus 197· Alysander warned his mayster Aristotle of this doyng and of other wondres of Inde / ¶ R / Many storyes tellen that whan Alysaundres knyghtes wente aboute the pry∣uy places of Inde / there was one that blamed gretely alysaun¦dres couetyse / and sente hym a lytle stone with eyē by his knigh∣tes & sayd that her lord withoute deute was lyke to that stone / in al maner poyntes / and whan that stone was brought me wō¦dred longe tyme in whiche syde of that stone that likenesse shold be Atte laste the stone was laid in a balaunce and it weyed vp al that myghte be layde ther agayns on that other side till they layde a ly••el clay ayenst the stone in the balance in the other

side / and it weyed vp the stone lyghtly ynowe ¶ Eutropius That yere lucius papirius dictator of Rome that was so noble a wereiour was chosen amonge all the Romaynes to withston∣de alysaunder and to putte hym of / yf he wold come in to ytaly 〈◊〉〈◊〉 he ouercome the sampnytes so worshipfully that he beet so downe the cytees· soo that though me sought Sampnium in that place Sampnium it myght not be fonde Petrus 197 ¶Whan Aly∣sander had wonne al the este londes and went toward his own contray / the messagers of the west landes of Affryca of spayne & of ytaly come in to Babyloyne / to yelde hem to his lordship and mageste / netheles he hoped therby to be kynge holly of alle the world and for grete lykynge and ioye he forgate the answer of the trees of the sonne and of the mone and went in to babyloyne to speke with these messagers Trogus libro duodecimo ¶Also the stewardes that he had made wardeynes & kepers of prouin¦ces and of landes mette with hym there / and were greuously ac∣cused of men of landes and of prouynces and hete hem hange hem there in the sight of the messagers that were comen oute of the west londes Alysaunder toke darius doughter to wyue and maryed noble maydens of the countrey to men of macedonia / he lefte old men and toke to hym yonglynges ¶Also he receyued his moders lettres of the fraude and treson of antiparte ste∣ward of macedonia / he sawe that the kyng had slayne his men / and that he hym self was not rewarded for his grete trauaylles & drad ful soore lest hym shold wors byfalle and ordeyned his sone cassandrus to empoysen the kyng with venym. the strength and malyce of this venym was soo vyolent and tyngynge· that no bras ne yren ne noo maner metalle myght holde it but only the hoof of an hors fote myght holde it ¶ Than atte soper of Tes¦salus the phicicien amonge grete seruyce of meete and of dryn∣ke Alysaunder was poysened and yaue a groone as though he had be stykked thurgh the body with a swerde and drad the hand¦lyng of mānes hande as▪ soore as harde woūdes· & axed a toole to slee hym self in remedye of sorow / His frendes trowed that vnholsomme mete that he hadde eten at soper was cause of his se∣kenesse ¶ Petrus 197 ¶ Than Alysaunder lost his speche and wrote his last wylle and wolde not make one man heyr of his hoole kyngdome for me shold rede after hym of noo man / that was his pere / But he made twelue yonge men that were his felawes of youthe / successours of his kyngdome / But that

ordenaunce dured not longe. for four of hem regned and the other were forsake / soo it is comprehended in danyel Trogus li· 12 Whan that Alysandres frendes sawe that he shuld dye / they ax∣ed of hym who sholde be his heyr and emperour after hym / the moost worthy sayd he / he was so stout and grete of herte though he had a sonne hercules and a broder arydeus and sawe also his wyf Roxones with childe· he forgate the ofsprynge and lygna∣ge and ordeyned that the worthyest shold he his successour and emperoure· he sawe also that of this manere spekynge & doynge myght come grete stryf and enuye. whan he myght not speke be toke the ringe of his fynger and yaue it to one Perdyca in tokē y^t he shold be his successour Alysander dyed the yere of his king¦dome xij / and the yere of his age xxxiij / Strange men made soro∣we for his deth as though he were her fader and they that were next hym made ioye as though her enemy were ouercome Darius moder ordeygned for his deth not for to put her enemye byfore hi•• sonne but for she had founde with hym myldenesse as it were the myldenesse of hir sonne. Also his frendes prayd to Iu¦piter and had answer and ordeyned for to bury hym in egyp••e not in memphis but in the cite alexandria that he had bylde ¶ Pol libro quarto In grece was neuer man gretter than ali¦saunder netheles perdyca a tomblestres sonne was his successour and▪ not his owne sonne For it is a comyn sawe Sylde owther neuer emperours childer be the fadres heyres for they hadde her owne enemyes to be her heyres after hem or els heyres that they knewe not Trogus libro duodecimo Whan alysaunder was buryed Philosophres came to geder and sayd Alysaunder hath made tresour of gold but now is the contrary / Another sayd alle the world was to lytle for hym yisterday & now four ellues is ynow atte ful Another sayd yisterday he had the peple at his heestes and now the peple hath hym at her heste· Another sayd yisterday he had an hoost to day is the contrary for an hooste le∣deth hym Another sayde that yisterday he bare a downe men & this day he is born downe vnder erth· Petrus 197· After the gre∣te alysander in the four partyes of the world regned iiij kinges Philip arydeus alisandres broder regned in the west in macedo∣nia in grece / Antigonus regned in the north of Asia and of pon¦tus selenchus nichanor regned in the cest of Siria & of babyloy¦ne and after nichanor antiochus sother kynges that regned aftir hym had the name of hym and were named antiochy & euery in

the singler nombre were cleped Antyochus ¶ The kyngis that succeded hym were Antiochus theos Antiochus galerius Antiochus the grete· Antyochus Epyphanes / ¶ Also in the south of egypte regned tholomeus lagus sonne / of hym kyngis hadde that name and were cleped tholomei / the whiche kynges were philadelphus euergetes ¶ Philopator otherwyse called Eupator / Epiphanes Philometor Euergetes· Sother ¶ Iosephus libro 120

¶Capitulum 32

THolemeus lagus sonne regned after Alysaunder in egypt fourty yere and was cleped sauiour and had a surname Sother he putto Siria to his kyngdome & werred with the Ie∣wes that were ydel in the holy day and toke prysonners of hem and sette hem to sale ¶ In his dayes dyed Iadus bisshop of Iewes After Iadus his sonne Onias was bisshop

After hym Symon the rightful After hym his broder Elea∣zarus This tholomeus was soo stronge that he restored Pir∣rus kyng of epurtes to his kyngdome ayene after that his ene∣myes had put him oute of his kyngdome ¶ And he ouercome demetrius Antigonus sone & restored som of the kingdom to Sa¦lencus kyng of Siria / for the kyngdome was bynome Selen∣cus byfore ¶ Agathocles vsed tyrannye in Syracusa / Of his wonderful begynnyng me redeth in Trogus bookes

Tholomeus toke Iherusalem by fraude and gyle and toke many Iewes prysonners and sold hem for couetyse ¶ Theophratus the philosophre had that name theophratus for his noble spe¦kynge of god Almyghty ¶ This theofratus and menandis be in theyr floures ¶ Fro this yere the historye of ma••hebeis acompted the kyngdome of grece regnum grecorum ¶ About this tyme Selencus kynge of Siria bylde Antyochia Leodicia and selencia / ¶ The grete Symon Onias sonne is in his pro∣speryte and is cleped rightful for his rightful byleue and wor∣shipyng of god ¶ The tarentes dyd grete vyleny to the mes¦sagiers of Rome / therfor they toke with hem pirrus kyng of E∣pyrotes with four score thousand fote men and vij M / horsmen and twenty olyfauntes ayenst the Romaynes but pirrus was

ouercome in the thyrdde fyghtynge and torned home ayene to his owne countrey. ¶After this the tarentines and the cartagy¦nenses to geder werred ayenst the Romaynes and reysed the ba¦taylles that be cleped bella punica Eutropius Pirrus ouer∣come the Romayns in the first batayll and occupyed ytaly vnto the cyte prenestes xviij myle fro Rome ¶ And sente hem the prisoners that were taken a lyue without raunsome and buryed al that were slayne ¶And whan he beheld them lye with gri∣sely woundes and sterne terrible and cruel he heef vp his hand and sayde that he myghte be lorde of the world yf he had suche knyghtes ¶ Pirrus profered the fourth part of his kyngdom that he hadde geten / to one fabricius messagyer of Rome to holde with hym and be on his syde ¶ And fabricius wold not assē¦te· Than pirrus sente one cin••a with grete yeftes in message to the Romaynes and desired pees with skylful condicion

Trogus decimo septimo But he foūde no mannes hows that wold receyue his yeftes but was put of / and the prysone••s that were sente agayne were sklaunderd for euermore for they we¦re taken prysonners whyle they were armed Titus Cyneas came ayene and sayde to pirrus that he hadde sene the contreye of kynges· and sayde that nygh al that were there were such as pir¦rus was holden among his owne men Than in the seconde ba∣taylle pirrus was ouercome and his olyfauntes were slayne & twenty thousand of his men· For as Isoder sayth the Romain•• hadde ordeyned swyfte yonglynges sittynge by hynde horsmen· the whiche yonge men lept downe lyghtly in the fyghtyng and clawed and froted the Olyfauntes in the forheede with hors combes vnto the olyfauntes fylle downe and dyed right there ¶ Than pirrus was ouercome and went in to tarente and say∣led thens in to grece there he was afterward slayne Valerius ¶Pirrus fabricius hadde castels nyghe to geders and Pirrus Phicicien came to fabricius and promysede hym / that be wolde take to hym his lorde yf he wolde yeue to hym a couenable mede

¶ Than this fabricius bounde this Phicicien and sente hym to his lorde and messagyers to warne hym of the treson and of the falseheede / than the kyng wondred and sayde. ¶ This is Fabricius that is harder to be tourned oute of honneste / than is the Sonne to be tourned oute of his cours ¶ Titus / ¶ Pirrus was praysed of the Tarentines to werre ayenste the Romaynes And he axede of Appolyn what ynde the bataylle

shold haue / And Appolyn answerd hym Amphibolyce. that is / he that yaue him answer of double vnderstondyng ¶ It may befalle the pirrus to scomfit the romayns / Pirrus was cō∣fortid with. this answer & cam to eraclea the Cyte of Sampnia there the Romaynes the fyrst daye were a ferd of· the horrible gretenesse and shappe and smelle of Olyfauntes and fledde away for drede but in the second batayll pirrus was soore woū∣ded in his arme and went his wey thens In many places of ytaly blood sprang and ranne oute of welles and rayne of mil¦ke cam downe fro henen Selencus kyng of Siria toke many ie¦wes in to the cytees of his kyngdom and graunted hem as grete worship as the grekes had Eleazarus Symons broder is bis∣shop of Iewes The Romaynes buylde beneuent in Sāpmū / ¶ Gaufr / and Alfr ¶ Aboute this tyme Morindus the cruel sonne of dauius regned in brytayne his moder was called tan∣gustela and was dauius concubine This morindus did many cruel dedes and was eten atte laste of a grete beest of the see· and lefte after hym fyue sonnes / the first was callyd gorbomanus he loued wel rightwysenesse and regned a while and dyed Than the second sonne archgallo regned cruelly and atte last by the peple was putte out. Than the thyrd sone Elydurus a mild man and softe was made kynge and after fyue yere of his kyngedome he hunted in a wode called calcum that nowe is cal∣led Caltras besides Yorke. ¶ Gaufr ¶ Beside the Cyte Acliut he fonde his broder Archgallo maskyng that was putte oute of his kyngdome and kepte hym pryuely in his chambre and lay in his bed and feyned hym seke and sent for the lordes of the land and compellyd hem to restore his broder to the kyng∣dom / than archgallo regned ten yere and dyed ¶ Than Elydurus was restored efte to the kyngdome / but his twey other bretheren vygenius and Peridurus werred with hym and pri¦sonned hym in Trynouantum that is London̄ / and they twey regned by tymes eyther after other and dyed atte last ¶ Than Elydurus was take oute of prysonne and restored to the kyngedome the thyrdde tyme and lyued afterward in pees to his lyues ende / ¶ After hym two and thyrtty kynges reg∣ned among the brytayns eueryche after other / among the which kyng bledgaret passed all his predecessours in musicke & in me¦lodye· soo that he was called god of gle men After that hely regned fourty yere and lefte thre noble sonnes a lyue after him

lud cassibelanus and nemius Petrus capitulo 200

THolomeus philadelphus the second kyng of egypte regned eyght and thyrtty yere▪ me seyth that he ouercome his own fader and had in his hoost two honderd thousand fote men xx M horsmē two thousand charyottes & iiij C olyfantes / Petrus 200 This delyuerd the Iewes that were in egypte and lette them goo free six score thousande by tale & payed to her lordes for eu{er}y pol xx dragmes of siluer that is xxv s of oure money and sent the vessaile that were halowed by Iewes to eleazarus bisshop of Iewes ¶ Also by counsayle of demetrius that was warden of his bookes he sent messagers to eleazarus the bisshop prayeng that he wold sende hym wyse men of the Iewes that shold torne moyses lawe oute of hebrew in to grue Than Eleazarus sente vnto the kyng of euery lygnage vj men that draweth to thre sco¦re and twelue but the scripture vsith ofte time to speke not of the litel nombre yf it be odde ouer the grete / thes be called the seuenti that torned holy scripture oute of hebrewe in to grue & enformed tholomeus the kynge of the knowleche of one god and of the go∣uernaunce of the kyngdome and translated the lawe psalmes ad prophecyes ¶ In that translacion where they founde ought of the trynyte. they spake not therof owther they translated it in a redel wyse lest we wold wene that they spak of thre goddes ¶ Also in I saye aboute the incarnacion of criste. they founde six names of god and sette but one that is angelus magni con∣silij an angel of grete counseylle leste me wold wene that they meaned that mankynde and manhede shold be the ky••de of god and godhede ¶ They fulfylled this werke in thre score dayes and ten but it semeth that seynt Augustyn de ciuitate dei libro de¦cimo octauo capitulo 42 Vnderstandeth that these seuenty were departed euery by hym self in a selle and translated the lawe withoute discorde of wordes or sentence ¶ Ierom holdeth that they all were closed in one hows owther that they came to geder the saterday / and examyned and correcte her werke of s••x dayes ¶ Augustinus de ciuitute dei libro decimo octa∣uo capitulo quadragesimo secundo ¶ Seuenty olde men of alle the lygnages of Israel euery by hym self at Alexan∣dria in Egyp••e tourned. holy wrytte oute of hebrewe in to Grue and discorded not in wordes in sentence nowther in settynge of

wordes / And though ther were other in the tyme of the newe testament that torned holy wrytte oute of hebrew in to grue that were aquila symachus theodocion and the fyfth translacion· the auctor therof is vnknowen thes seuenty be sette byfore al other / In our tyme one Ieronimus a preeste a wyse man and connyng in thre langages translated holy scripture out of hebrewe in to la¦tin· Iewes say that his translacion is truest / ¶ Netheles holy chirche demeth noman to be putte byfore the auctoryte of so many men Somme men wolde amende the translacion of the seuenty by bookes of hebrew / but they dar not withdrawe what the seuē∣ty hadden more than the hebrues / but there they made strykes ly¦ke as vnces be wrytton. And be also cleped oboly to shewe that ther is moore than is in the hebrewe bookes But what the he¦brues had more than the seuenty they marked with markys that be called Astarisces / and be shapen as sterres as it were to highte the defante Ysid libro sexto ¶ Me seyth that this tholomeus had seuenty thousand bookes in his lybrary ¶ Petrus capitulo decimo quinto / Of dyuers translacions it is ynow to speke at ones· Byfore▪ thyncarnacion of our lord thre honderd yere and fourty and one the seuenty that tornyd holy wrytte out of hebre¦we in to grue were in prosperyte / Also after the ascēcion of oure lorde six score yere and four in adrian the prynces tyme aquila made a translacion ¶ Than after thre and fyfty▪ yere in comod{us} the prynces tyme theodocion was in his prosperyte / ¶Than af∣ter thyrtty yere· in seuerus the prynces tyme symachus made his translacion / Than after eyght yere the fyfth translacion was founden at Ierusalem and is cleped the comune translacion for he that made it is vnknowen ¶Than after xviij yere in alysaū∣der the prynces tyme Origenes made a translacion with signes that be cleped Astaryches and obelus and afterward he made another translacion with siches / signes and markes. And alle thes translated oute of hebrew in to grue. Many translated oute of grue in to latyn / But atte laste Ierom translated oute of he¦brue in to latyn and his translacion is holden nyghe in euery place oute take in the sauter Eutr ¶The Romaynes dyde the first batayll that is cleped bellum punicum & cartaginen̄sem the Ayens the affres that be men of Affryca Treuisa Men of af¦frica be cleped affri primi peni punici punices and cartaginenses Therfor the batayll that is ageynst hem is cleped bellum puni∣cum and cartagmense also as it were the bataylle that is ayenst

hem that be called punici punyces & cartaginenses· Than it folo¦weth in the story though the romayns had moued none armour withoute ytaly byfore that tyme / Netheles for to knowe certain¦ly the somme and nombre of romayns they payde a certayn and were acounted and y founde two honderd thousand four score thousand twelue thousand thre honderd and four and thyrtty· the batayll cessed neuer sith· the cite was first bylde / And soo the ro∣maynes fyue yere continuely and Sicillia ayenest Iheron kyng of Sicilia and ayenest the affers were vyctours and hadde the maystrye Than the Romaynes yaue the first batayll in affry¦ca Her leder was marcus regulus consul of Rome / And fyrste they toke theyr shippes and drenched hem ether chaced hem and her shippes And atte laste they toke thre dukes of Affryca and beet doun the hooste and toke many olyfauntes and sente xxvij thousand prysoners to Rome amonge these dedes atte Ryuer bra¦gada they slow a grete serpent and sent the skyn therof to Rome for a grete wonder. for that skyn was syx score fote long Than the cartagynenses men of affryca were ouercome and axed pees And marcus regulus wolde graūte none pees / But vpon wel harde condicions / than the Affers gate with hem zansippus king of lacedomonia and ouercome marcus regulus with all his hoost atte last meschief So that only tweyne of the romayns escapede and fledde ¶Thirtty thousand were dede slayne Marcus regu¦lus and fyue honderd prysonners were holden longe in bondes Afterward the Romayns ouercome the Affers in werre in see and in londe soo that they slewe of theyr enemyes two honderd thousand and six score olyfauntes and ten were y take and the cartagynenses affers sente marcus regulus to Rome and prayde that they wold chaunge prysonners ¶ Augustinus de ciuitate dei libro primo Netheles an oth was y swore that yf they axe∣de sholde nought be doo / Regulus sholde torne ayene to cartage he wente forth and dide awey his wyf from his bedde as though ••e were no Romayn and in the counseyll of Senatours y gadred to geder / he counseylled the contrary of his owne message· And he sayde that it was not prouffitable· to the comonte of Rome to chaunge soo many noble prysoners for suche an olde man as he was. the Romayns dide by his counsayle ¶ Netheles he was not compellyd to goo ayene but the Romaynes counseylled him specially for to abyde at Rome· But by cause he sware at cartage to come ayene yf he myghte not haue Auctoryte of an honneste

bourges of the cyte of Rome after that he was prisonner he chese for to goo agayne and went ayene there the Affres closed hym in a strayte tree that was ful of pykes within forth of sharpe nayles and pared of the lyddes of his eyen and made hym stand soo ther and wake to his lyues ende Petrus 168 ¶ Tholo∣meus faught ayenst Antyochus theos kyng of siria / but after∣ward they were confedered to gyder for Antyochus wedded be¦ronica tholomeus doughter and forsoke his rather wyf laodyces But atte laste laodyces hadde grace of hir husbond and came to hym agayne and punysshed hym and his sonne that he had begeten on beronica and made hir owne sonne Antyochus kyng of Siria ¶ A peny of siluer is first shapen in rome /

¶ Capitulum 33

THolomeus euergetes philadelphius broder was the thyrd kyng of egypt & regned xxvj yere This in wreche of his sister beronica for hir husbonde and hir sonne were slayn with ve¦nym destroyed siria silicia and a party of asia and greued antyo¦chus galerychus. But whan he herde that the prynces of egypt had conspyred ayenst hym in his absence / he torned agayne in to egypt and lad with hym grete good and two thousand and sex· honderd mawmettes ¶ Antiochus galerychus left twey sonnes after hym Selenchus and the grete antyochus but atte last se∣lenchus was slayne and his broder antiochus regned in Siria six and thyrtty yere and faught afterward with philopater king of egypte & fledde & was wel nygh taken Ennius the poete is born at tarent· Cato the questor brought hym to Rome Tre∣uisa ¶ Questor is he that gadred trybute to Rome and the do∣mesman was somtyme cleped questor. Also the wardeyns of the tresour were cleped questores But now churles and pardo∣ners be cleped questores Than it foloweth in the history Ennu••s the pocte dwellyd in the hille auentinus with lytel cos¦te and was content with the seruice of a wenche ¶ That tyme a bonde man. lay by a mayde of the temple of the goddes vesta / & the mayde slough hir self for sorowe ¶Eutropius libro secundo / Aboute this tyme fourty thousand galles passed the / hilles Al∣pes and were slayne of Romayns ¶These galles had a leder

callyd Brytom••r••s and they made theyr auowe and swar that they wold neuer doo of theyr gurdels of knyghthode till they come in to the capitoyl of Rome and soo it befell for whan they were ouercome enulus the consul putte them to deth in the capy∣toyle That yere the grete Antyochus bygan to regne in Siria ¶ Tholomeus eupator other wyse callyd philopator Euergetes sonne regned in egypte seuenten yere / In his tyme were the dedes doo that be redde of the fyrst machabeis Trogus libro 30 This tholomeus for his euyl lyuynge was called Philopator· for he lefte of the dedes of knyghthode & yaue hym to sleuth to lecherye to childrens nicete to man slaughter & to slee his peeres He spende the nyghte in hoerdome and the day in festes Atte laste he slough erudyces that was his sister and his wyf and ya¦ue hym al to strompettes and to harlattes ¶ Therfor the grete Antiochus was wroth and wold han wonne Egypte nadde he be lette by an hoost that was huyred oute of grece ¶ Atte last this tholomeus was deed and lefte a child of· fyue yere of▪ age to ke¦pe the kyngdome that he had bygoten on erudyces Than his strompettis were hanged euerychone Eutropius libro tercio That yere began the second bataylle called bellum punicum and dured seuenten yere ¶ In that batayll the Romayns were more ouercome than vyctors and had more harme. than they were quytte. for hanybal auul caris sonne a child of nyne yere olde had sworn to his owne fader atte auters of goddes that he wold yeue the Romayns a bataylle as sone as he myght / Than hanybal in his twenty yere of age and eyght monethes be sieged saguntin the fayrest cyte of spayne and moost frende to the Romaines The Romayne sente a messager to hanybal pra¦yenge that he wolde leue the siege bycause of couenaunte that was bytwene bem rather This prayer was despysed and the messager went forth in to Affryca to playne of the couenaunte broken but they sawe that it was for nought and torned hoome ayene to Rome ¶Than in the meene. tyme saguntin was des∣troyed in this maner / Saguntin was gretely a greued by the siege and by the grete honger and one of hanybals knyghtes that was frende to the cyte wente to the cyte and counseylled the men of the cyte to yelde it vp with al the gold and siluer & other ryches that was therinne and they shold escape them self a lyue but they aduysed hem and toke counseylle and made a grete fire and threw therinne al the gold and siluer and hem self atte last

Whan the cyte was destroyed hanybal lefte his broder astrubal in spayne / and he hym self with an honderd thousand fotemen & ten thousande horsmen and fourty olyfauntes passed the hilles Alpes in spryngyng tyme there no man had passed byfore and went in to ytaly ¶ The mene tyme cornelius Scipio consul of Rome werred in spayne ¶ Orocius ¶ Than Hanybal passed the hilles pyrenes and made hym a weye with yren amonge the cruel peple of galles and he cam the xix daye from the hilles pi∣renes to Alpes there he was harde sette four dayes with Galles· but he made him weye with yren and with fyre / Netheles in the highest hille Appenuinus hanybal was closed twey dayes with snow· there he loste many men olyfauntes and other beestis ¶ Treuisa Pirenus is an highe hille of spayne and many hy∣ghe hilles in that side be cleped montes pireni Alpes be hyghe hilles in the side of ytaly therforth hanybal went to Rome and hanybal heete penitus also therfore alpes be cleped appenuini as though it were penitus hilles Eutropius ¶ Tho wonderfull meruaylles feered the Romaynes· for amonge the Alpes it se∣med that the sonne faught with the mone ¶Among the capenes it semed that twey mones were risen among the falistes it semed that heuen was clouen ¶Than whan they herd the comyng of ha¦nybal cornelius scipio was sente forth to spayne. & hanybal met¦te with hym and ouercome hym first at ticinum and beet dewne the hooste of Rome And he ouercome hym efte atte Riuer crema Atte thyrdde tyme he scomfyt Sempronus with his hooste that come oute of Scicilia / Atte fourthe tyme he slough flameus / the consul and fyue and twenty thousand of his hooste and toke six thousand prysonners Titus There was soo harde fyghtynge that the fyghtynge men wyst not of the erthe shakyng that was while they faught and threwe downe cytees and claf hilles ¶Eutropius libro tercio ¶Atte fyfth tyme fabius maximu•• was sent ayenst hanybal and pyght his pauilons in the hyest hil¦les and pryuate place of wodes and scorned hanybals strength and wayted his tyme and ouercome hym· ¶ The syxth tyme the consuls of Rome lucius emilus paulus and publius teren∣cius and varro were sent ayenst hanibal But fabius maxi∣mus warned hem that hanybal was soo froward and so cru∣el in fyghtyng y^t they shold neuer ou{er}come hym but by taryeng of the bataylle and of the fyghtyng· theywere feruent and dide ayenst coūseyl. and were ouercome at canna a streyte of apulea

there the wynde and the grauel that was a reered with the win¦de halpe wel hanybal there were slayne xl / M / knightes of roma¦yns and fyue thousand of peeres of consuls and of Senatours were deed owther I take It is no doubte tho had be the last daye of the state of Rome yf hanybal couth as wele haue vsed the vyctorye as he couth wynne it in fyghtynge· R· Hadde he gone anone after the vyctorye for to take the cyte ¶Titus There was soo grete slaughter / of Romayns· that hanybal bad his men spare the Romaynes· ¶ Eutropius Varro the consul torned to Rome with fyfty horsmen and no moo / ¶ The Sena∣tours preysed hem wel for he had nought disparagyde the com∣mente of Rome he shaued neuer his berde nor his heede he ete ne¦uer lyggyng he wold haue no worship til he sawe· wreche on ha¦nybal Tho it was neuer seen byfore bonde men and mē of wer¦re made free· theues and mansleers and prysonners were made knyghtes Orocius ¶Also poletarij that were ordeyned to gete childer were than made knyghtes who that sawe than the cheual¦rye of Rome myght be wele soore ashamed. for than the knygh∣tes ne the Senatours were not wyse ne couth not other craft / ¶Eutropius ¶And hanybal profered hem her prysoners to raū¦som The Romaynes answerd and sayd that the bourges that myght be taken armed were not nedeful to the cyte Therfor ha¦nybal slough somme of the prysonners and sold somme in to dy∣uers londes· and sente thre busshel of gold rynges that were ta∣ken of the handes of the knyghtes of Rome in to cartage in tokē of the vyctorye Titus ¶Than the comons of Rome were soo born down and soo bare / that they spoylled the temples of bras & of yren to make hem armoure therof ¶For the armours that were offred in temples and halowed to her goddes as they vsed to doo after theyr vyctories than they were taken ayene oute of the templis soo grete nede and meschyef that they were yn / Also hem lakked shipmen to gouerne her shipes and theyr tre∣sour suffysed not for wages of werrours. therfor the consuls and the Senatours bade that euery man shold ••ryng his riches in to the tresory ¶Therfor bygan grete stryf bytwene the comō¦te and the Senatours But one of the consuls alayed the strif in this maner and sayd as the grete passith the comons in wor∣ship and in dygnyte soo they shold passe theym in coste and be∣ryng of charge in helpe of the cyte And soo they ordeyned that euery in his degre shold offre all his gold in to the comyn tresorye

out take one ring for hym self and another for his wyf. And he sholde offre a camprenol of golde for his sonne / and for eue¦ry doughter an vnce and the grettest shold begynne first and soo it was done Than ther was so moche money brought and of¦fred that the wardeyns myght not wryte the names of hem that brought money and gold / nowther brynge in to the tresorye al that was brought Orocius libro quarto In the tyme of the meschyef Rome was a sette with so many myshappes / that the Senatours toke hem to reede for to flee oute of ytalye and gete hem other places for do dwelle in. Than dyuynes that axed counseyl of Appolyn answerd the Romaynes and sayde· that ther shold be saued yf they myght gete that god that highte nu∣men matris pessimite· therfor messagiers were sente in to Frigia / for to fetche the goddesse that hight sibyle and the messagyer by the wey axed counseyl of Appolyn / And Appolyn counseyled hym for to gete helpe of Attalus kyng of the lasse Asia / for to gete this ymage Also appolyn counseyled hym. that whan the ymage comme to Rome it sholde firste be brought to the beste mannes hows of the cyte ¶ Whan alle this was y doo one Scipio nasica was y chose as the best man of Rome· and mette with the ymage with a grete multitude of wy¦ues the ymage hight numen matris pessimite and sibyle also that is to vnderstande moder of all goddesses / And she hight bretnicia that is moder hilles And she hight holy frygya / For she was worshipped specially in a wode of frigia whiche woode is callid Idea / R· Ouidius de fastis seyth that of this happe it come vp amonge the Romayns / that euery yere the fourth day of aueril they helde a feste of the bathynge of goddesse lretnicia ¶ For whan her ymage was brought of Frigia hit was wasche in the Ryuer al••a there. that water falleth in to tiber ¶Than it was ydo with fowle songes & gestes of Iapes and ny••e mynstraley / & euery suche geste was cleped amens ¶Hanybal the tenth yere of his comyng moeued his hooste oute of campania anone to the Ryuer amens atte thyrd stone that is thre myle oute of Rome. and hanybal hym self with noble hors men and swyfte wente anone to the yate of Rome that hight porta collma ¶The consuls withdrewe not the fyghtynge but whan the sheltrous were ara∣yed on eyther side· there felle so grete reyne medled with hayle stones that the hoostes were so y shent that vnnethe they mighte holde theyr wepen· And fyghte in theyr tentes. ¶And whan it

clered and was fayre weder they wente ofte in to the felde and ofte fell a wel grete tempeste that efte compellyd them for to fle Eutropius· the mene tyme tweyn that were sent to spaine either hight Scipio ouercome astrubal· there the hooste of Affryca lost fyue and thyrtty thousande Philip kyng of macedonia behighte hannybal helpe ayenst the Romaynes / the Ilond sardonia forsa¦keth the Romayns / Wherfor dukes & leders were sente in to iiij places in macedonia ayēst philip in to spaine aiēst astrubal sardo¦nia ayenst the sardens and in to ytaly ayenst hanybal Therfor le¦ninus consul of Rome maketh pees with Attalus kyng of asia And werrith in macedonia and ouercome philip the kynge and toke Scicilia and thre score cytees also and he beete downe six & twenty cytees and come to Rome with grete ioye and worship For drede of hym hanybal that was but four myle from Rome fledde in to campania Also that yere in spayne eyther Scipio that had be vyctor long tyme was slayne of astrubal his broder but the hooste left al hoole and sounde Therfor the other Sci∣pions sonne that hight publius cornelius Scipio the noblest mā wel nygh of al the Romayn is sent in to spayne in the xxiiij ye¦re of his age ¶Whome the Senatours and the Romaynes had take to rede to forsake ytaly for drede. this Scipio drewe out his swerde and forbede theym and sayde not soo hardy and behighte that he wold defende the cyte and countray ¶ Than Scipio went forth and toke cartage in spayne / therinne was grete plente of money and grete araye for men of Armes ¶ Than he yelde vp the pledges of spayne to theyr frendes and sente mago hany∣bals broder prysonner to Rome and a wel fayr maide was pry∣soner amonge other and he as a myld fader delyuerd and to∣ke hirto his owne spouse to weddyng and foryaue hir her raun¦somme. for her dower: ¶For the whiche doynge by assente of the spouse of this mayde wel nygh al spayne torned to Scipio The mene tyme fabius maximus wanne tarente and slewe carta¦gylo in Ytaly and sold fyue and twenty thousand prysonners Than Hanybal triste not that spayne myght lenger beholden ayenst Scipio / he sente for his broder astrubal. that he shold come to hym oute of spayne with all that he hadde But the consuls of Rome sette enbuschementes for him and he defended him nobe¦ly But they slewe hym atte last and eyght and fyfty thousand of his hoost were deed and fyue thousand y take four and four¦ty thousand bourgeys of rome were y foūde & clypped to geders

Also Astrubals hede was throwen byfore his broder yate

Whan hanybal sawe that he made grete sorow and fledde in to brucia / and the grete Scipio was sent after oute of spayne Iosephus libro duodecimo

¶ Capitulum 34

THolomeus epyphanes the fyfth kynge of egypte. eupaters sonne regned four and twenty yere ¶ Trogus libro ter∣cio ¶ And for he began to regne whan he was fyue yere old· Messares of Allexandria prayde the Romaynes that they wold take the warde of the childe and defende the kyngdome of egypte For philip kyng of macedonia and antyochus kynge of Siria / had cast. as it were by couenaunt to dele the kyngdome of egipte bytwene them tweyn ¶ The Romayns were glad of that messa¦ge / and anone sente messagers to the same kinges chargyng that they shold holde theym oute of egypte Iosephus libro duode∣cimo Thanne ptholomeus wext a strong yonglynge and sent one scopa a duke of his in to Siria and made Siria subgette to hym· But not longe after antyochus ouercome scopa and was better frende to the Iewes Eutropius libro tercio ¶ After this the grete Antyochus bycome ptholomeus frende and wedded his doughter cleopatra to wyf and graunted her in stede of dower / si¦ria Inde and fenicia Therfor eyther kynge had of the Iewes But onias the rightfull symons sonne was bisshop and warnid the trybute and counseyled that none shold be payed as it were f••r loue of the lawe ¶ / Netheles it was more for couetyse for he wold not goo speke with the kynge· But his sisters sonne Iosephus went to ptholomeus the kynge and had grace of the kyng and foryeuenesse of the trybute of the seuen yeres and not only that but he was made leder of his kyngdome and treso∣rer of trybutes to his lyues ende two and twenty yere ¶Iose∣phus libro duodecimo capitulo quarto ¶This Iosephus wold essaye the wytte of his yonger sonne hilcanus that was twelue xere old and had gete hym on his broders doughter And by∣toke hym thre honderd yokes of oxen for to ere & sowe in wyl∣dernesse from home two Iourneyes and more and hidde the rey∣nes that the oxen shold be ••yed by ¶ Whan he come to the place ther he sholde crye / the plowmen ra••••e that somme of hem shold wente hoome to the fader and fetche the reynes / the childe sayde nay· but lete s••e somme of the oxen and lete greythe the flesshe

to plowmen mete and to kytte reynes of the skynnes to teye with other oxen. The fader wondred therof & sente hym in his own ste¦de to worship the feste of kynge ptholomeus / for he hadde a yong sonne newely y bore the / fader profered to his sonne hircanus grete ryches for his coste by the weye. and for yeftes to yeue the kynges sonne / the childe seyde nay· and saide that he coude lyue so¦berly and that lesse coste wolde doo his nede· But sende lettres sayd the child to arion procuratour of Allexandria / and pra∣ye hym that he lene me as moche as me byhoueth / the fader hoped that ten talentes were ynough for to worshipe the kynge with his sone / and prayd aryon in his lettres that he wold take the talen¦tes to his sonne· ¶ Hircanus cam with the lettres to Aryon •• And Aryon asked how moche him behoued / A thousand talen∣tes sayd he / But Aryon wolde graunte but ten· And hircanus cast hym in boundes And Aryons wyf wente anone and com∣playned to the kynge / And the kynge axed of hircanus why he dyde soo / ¶For suche seruauntes sayd he shal be punysshyd that can not knowe· ne make difference bytwene the smal and the grete ¶ Aryon herde that the kynge alowed hircanus answer and his dede· and delyuerd to hym a thousand talentes

¶And anone he bought of marchauntes an honderd chyldren lettred and an honderd maydens / eueryche for a talente / Whan the day of the feste was come / hircanus by cause he was yonge. was sette last of the wyse men And the bare bones that other men lefte were in skorne sette to fore hircanus ¶ One Try∣phon a Iaper sawe this and sayde openly to fore the kynge. Loo lord kynge howe this childe hath eten the flessh of soo many bo∣nes / soo his fader that is thy receyuer and tresorer in Siria spoyl¦le••h the moneye of the men of Siria / ¶ The kynge loughe and axed of the childe why he had soo many bones to fore hym

¶Skylfully lord kynge sayd the childe / For houndes eten the boones with the flesshe as thy ghestes done this daye / But men that ben norysshed and taught spare the boones / as ye see that I spare ¶On the morne hircanus axed of euerych of the kyn∣ges frendes. what and howe moche eche of them wolde yeue the kynges sonne ¶And he that wolde yeue mooste answerde and sayde scarcely ten talentes / ¶ Thenne hircanus feynede hym soory •• as thoughe he myghte yeue but fyue / But whanne the daye of the Natyuyte· was come / ¶ Hircanus the childe gaue to the Kynge an honderde children. ¶ And eueryche of

hem bare a talent in his honde and yaue to the quene an honderd mayde children & eche with a talent in hond ¶ Than euery man preysed hym wel Therfore the kynge dide hym grete worship and made. hym ryche and sente him to his fader with lettres of commendacōn and of preysynge. Netheles his fader was wrothe for the grete yeftes that he had yeuen ¶ Also his elder brether had gre••e enuye at hym for the grete worship that he had so f••r∣forth that they werred ayenst hym and tweyne of hem were dede in fyghtyng· Treuisa / Take hede that a talent is a grete weighte of gold or of syluer or of other metal But ther be thre maner talentes / the lest weyeth fy••ty pounde the myddel two and seuen¦ty pounde and th•• moost six score pounde. ¶ Than it foloweth in the historye / Hircanus passed flome Iordan and gadred there the kynges trybute of straunge nacions many yere to gyder and he bylded there a wonder tour Oute therof he pursued ofte the Arabyes men of Arabia alle the tyme that Selencus regned in Siria / Whan Selencus was dede hircanus drad the cruelte of Antyochus epyphanes and slowe him self with his owne hand Aboute the firste yere of this tholomeus the grete Sapio whiche had nobly y born hym and don many grete dedes in spayne. was made consul and sente in to Affryca And he made to him subgett ammorus duc of thaffres & syphaces kynge of numydya / whan that was herd wel nyghe al ytaly forsoke hanybal. hanybal the xvij yere of his comyng in to ytaly was boden by men of cartage to retorne home· And soo he retorned oute of ytaly soore weping And whan hanybal was comē / he destroyid the pees that thaffres had made with Scipio· the condicion of the pees was suche / that thaffres shold haue but thyrtty shippes / & they sholde y••ue fyue honderd thousand pound of siluer / pondo is a pounde· they sholde also sende home alle the prysoners and banysshed men that they had taken. Hanybal had sente thre spyes for to espye Scipions tentes ¶ These spyes were taken and ladde aboute the tentes· and made wel at ••ase with mete and drynk. & thēne Scipio sent them home agayn / thenne was harde fyghtynge bytwene these two dukes-but Scipio had the vyctorye· And Hanybal was nygh taken / pees was graunted to men of cartage And Scipio tourned agayne to Rome / And was after that callyd Affry∣canus In this maner the second batayll punicum ended in his tyme· That yere plantus deyed at Rome he grande atte quer¦ne with a bakar for hyre for hongre and scarsete of corne / And

whanne he myght haue whyle he wrote fables and sayd them Whan the second bataylle punicum was don than come the ba∣tell macedonicum that was ayenst philip the kynge Titus quin∣cius ouercome him and ladde twey kynges sonnes of macedonia & of lacedomonia plegges before his charyot & lad home to the ro¦mains that hanybal had take and sold in grecia & lete shaue her heedes in token of shauyng away of the boundage / the romaines werrid ayenst the grete antyochus kyng of siria for he destroyed the kyngdoms that were nyghe aboute hym And also for he held with hym hanybal that was wente oute of affryca· Eut / li / 4 Antyochus saw that hanybal spake ofte with the messagers of rome & had him suspect & forsoke to haue hym in his counseyll And yf he cleped him otherwhiles to conseyll that was by cause he shold not wene that he was suspecte & forsake and not for to do his coūseyl / but hanybal counseylled alway for to warre aiēst the romayns & not for to abyde & sayd that the romaynes might not be ou{er}come but in their own contray. out of their own cōtrey quoth he they may not be ouercome but at home they ben brutel and lyghtly ouercome· It nedith more to wrastle wysely ayenste them that ben ouercome and speke not· than ayenst them that openly withstondith· But though̄ his counseyll was oft good & spedeful / it was not alowed for the kyng had hym suspect & also for makyng of bagbyters that wold not that he were alowed of the kyng. therfor the kyngis hoost was ouercome bothe in the see and in londe. than Antyochus the kyng forthought that he dydde not by hanybals coūseyl and made hanybal pryuy of his coūseil Eutropius libro quarto ¶For philip kynge of macedonia halpe the romaynes ayenst Antyochus and his sonne demetrius that was prysoner and plegge was sente hoome ayene Scipio nasi¦ca the grete Scipio that hight Affrycanus / his nenew ouercome hanybal in batayll both in the see and in the londe / there he hadde a surname and was cleped Asiagenus of asia that was ouerco∣me. than antyochus the kyng yaue his yonger sonne antyochus epyphanes to the Romaynes pledge for euermore for his elder sone Selencus & hadde pees vpon couenaunte / that he sholde leue Europa and the lasse Asia and holde hym within the hille moūt Taurus ¶ And also he sholde bytake hanybal to the Roma¦yns For he eggyde and counseylde to werre ayenst Rome·

¶ Therfore Hanybal dradde and tournede to Prusia kyn∣ge of Bythynya ¶ Trogus /

libro trisesimo secundo The mene tyme whan Emnenes attalus the kyngis broder of Siria shold ouercome prusia / than hanybal helped prusia by a newe sleght of batayll / for he had diuers ma∣ner addres and serpentes closed in erthen stenes and threwe hem in to the shippes of her enemyes in the myddel of the batayll thā the enemyes were aferd and withdrewe hem anone ¶ The ro¦maynes herde herof and sent messagers and made the kynge at one and axed for to haue hanybal in to theyr owne hande / but hanybal lykked venym of his owne rynge and dyed at ny∣chomedia / It is certayne of him that he sate neuer to soper with∣oute bataylles· He was amonge many wonder fayr maydens & lefte neuer his chastyte· he was neuer bytrayed by ymagynaciō of his owne men nouther of his enemyes ¶R Orocius libro 4 Sayth that the ylonde called Insula vulcani. the whiche ylond was neuer byfore seen sprange vp of the see at Scicilia that yere that hanybal dyed and yet is there alway vnto this day Pol libro sexto Of this hanybal it is redde that whan antiochus the kynge shewed him his hoost royally arayed with gold and with siluer and with other ryche aray and axed hym yf all that suffysed to the Romayns. I trow sayde hanybal it is ynowgh though the romayns be the most coueto{us} mē on liue but he vnder¦stode easyly shortly & frowardly for he vnderstode of the praye and not of the strengthe of the hoost Plenius libro octauo ca¦pitulo octauo· Hanybal ofte whan he had the maystrye compellid prisonners of rome to fyghte vpon the grauel with stronge bees∣tes and promysed one that he wold delyuer hym yf he threwe downe an olyfaunt / And whan the beest was cast / hanybal sente horsmen to slee the man anone right there ¶Pol libro primo Hanybal sayd that he was not worthy his lyf· that myghte be compellyd to fyghte with beestes / but me troweth sothly that ha¦nybal slough the man for grete enuye for he wold not that a Ro¦mayne shold haue soo grete a name and worship of a greter dede than me hadde herd of byfore / ¶ Also for he wolde not diffame the beestes by the strength of whiche he hadde ofte a ferde his enemyes ¶ Eutropius libro quarto ¶ That yere: Sci∣pio Affrycanus dyed at Auntern / that hadde be longe exyled oute of Rome / that was an vnkynde Cyte to him ¶ Valerius libro Whan Scipio was accused of money amonge the Sena¦tours he answerd and sayde whan I wan al Affryca and made it subgette and vnder your power· I toke no thynge therof but

only the name Affrycanus. Also the rychesse of Affryca ma∣de me not couetous neyther the rychesse of asia made my broder Scipio couetous / For eyther of vs was rycher of enuye than of money ¶Salustius This Scipio sawe ones a child gayly arayed and sayd I wonder not that he arayeth wel his childe for it helpith hym more than doth his swerde ¶Valerius Emila Scipions wyf was so goodly that though she wyst that hyr husband loued one of hir bonde women for she wold not dif¦fame her lord conquerour of Affryca by women reese and anger And she absteyned hir soo from vengeaunce and wreche that she made hir bond woman fre and maryed hir right wele whan hir lorde was deede Pol ¶Scipio deyed and ordeyned suche a wry¦tyng on his tombe a••te cyte palustres Thou vnkynde contrey re¦ceyue thou not my bones ¶Augustinus de ci / de / li / 1 / Scipio na∣sica byfore the thyrdde batayll punicum forbade the settynge. vp or enhauncyng of the theatre in the cyte of Rome that twey Iug¦ges had arayed forto arere and Scipio sayd that it is grete ene¦mye to werriours for to norysshe slouthe and lechery· and therfor he pleded soo strongly in the people that all the aray therof was sold and benches stoles formes and al maner subtylytees were done thens / and soo he brought in that men sholde stande and not si••te for to see playes and myrthes for to saue her own manheed That maner was vsed amonge the romayns .v.C.xlviij yere / R Auctours seyn that theatrum was a place shapē as half a cercle and in the myddel therof was a lytel hows that was called see na. in that hows poetes and gestours vp in a pulpyt / rehersed poisies gestes & songes / and without were mynystrals that coū¦trefayted the doynge and the dedes that they spake of in her ges¦tes and songes with bendyng and wyndynge and settynge and styntynge of her ly••mes and her body ¶ Augustinus libro primo capitulo trisesimo primo Thes playes that were cal¦led ludi Scenici. were firste ordeyned by excytinge of the deuyl· for men shulde be exyted to suche dedes / whan they myghte here in the theatre that goddes had done suche maner dedes ¶Augusti∣nus libro quarto capitulo 25 ¶ But in passyng of tyme· a chorle called Titus Latinus was warned by his dreame that he shold telle the Senatours that they sholde restore and renewe the playes that were callyd ludi Scenici / the playes of the teatre and for he was warned twyes and dyd nought therto he loste his owne sone

And for he was warned the thyrdde tyme and dyd noughte therto / he felle in a greuous sekenes till he warned the senatours than he was hoole wonder sodenly / Whan the wonder was seen / the Senatours spende foure suche moneye as they we•••• wonte in pleyes of the theatre as it were to make good for the churles tre¦spas that was four sythes recheles for to warne the senatours as he was warned Petrus 204 The grete Selencus Sother the grete Antiochus sonne regned in Siria and in asia twelue yere for his fader was slayne in pers in the temple of god Na∣neas and throwen oute gobet m••le traytorly by preestes that by∣gyled hym in to the temple. and promysed him tresour that was hid vnder erthe

¶ Capitulum 35

THolomeus philometor regned in egypt xxxv yere Symon onyas sonne was preest of the temple & bisshop & bought the presthode of appolynus duc of fenicia / Selenchus herd therof and sente elyodorus for to vndoo that dede / And whan he was entred to spoylle the temple twey yonglynges aroos oute of a preuy place and slough him there It semeth that Iosephus meaneth that they were angels in lykenesse of men / netheles se¦cundo machabeorum it is wryten that a dredeful horsman shewed him for••h and all to trade him / but he slough hym not ¶ Ioseph li 12 / Aboute that tyme Ihus siraks sonne wrote the book callyd ecclesiasticus and called it panerethon / the thyrdde yere of philo∣metor one aristobus a Iewe and paripaticus that is of aristotles loore wrote to tholomeus a declaracion and exposicion of moyses bookes / Eutropius libro quārto That yere dyed philip kynge of macedonia / and his sone perseus was rebel aienst the romains But Emilius paulus Consul of Rome ouercome hym in wel stronge batay••le and slewe thyrtty thousande of Grekes / but he dyde him worship as though he were not ouercome For whan he wolde falle downe to his feete he wolde not suffre hym / but he sette hym beside him vpon his seete and rel••esed half the trybute that was wonte to be payed and promysed that the macedones sholde be free for it shold seme that the Romaynes warrydde for Ryghtwysenesse and not for moneye

Trogus libro trisesimo tercio· In this fightyng one mēninus catō the aduocates sone while he fought mightely fil doū of his hors &

fawght on his feet & wold haue smiten a grete man & his swerd fel doune of his hond he defended him with his sheld and gadred his swerde amonge the swerdes of his enemyes in sight of bothe the hoostes. and had many woūdes and torned to his oune sidde other men toke ensample of his hardynesse and faught orpedly And the· hardynesse of him was cause of the vyctorye / Perseus was y take and than afterward macedonia fyll to the Romains from the first craneus anone to this perseus that londe had fyue and thyrtty kynges in eyght honderd yere and four and twen∣ty Ysid libro sexto This emilius paulus brought firste boo∣kes to Rome oute of grece. Afterward Iulius cezar chargith marcus varro with that doynge for to make him a lybrarye. And amonge cristen men pamphilius the martir gadred a lybra¦ry of bokes of him Eusebius wryteth that he had a thyrtty M volumes of bokes in his lybrary Thā orygenes passyde all that were byfore hym. Ierom sayth that he radde six thousande volu∣mes of orygenes bookes. But Austyn passyde the trauaylle of them alle / for vnnethe may a man rede all his bookes Antyo¦chus epyphanes regned enleuen yere in siria and in asia· this is he that was pledge at Rome for his owne fader but he herde spe¦ke of his broder nycete & hoped for to be kynge of sciria & went pryuely from Rome / though somme men tellyth that he escaped by assente of the Senatours Fyrst he was godely the peple yaf him another name and callyd him Epyphanes that is worthy and noble and seemly aboue other ¶ He regned for his bro∣der Selencus whan his broder was deed ¶ This yaue his sister in gyle to tholomeus to wyf / for he wolde by that reioyse Egypte whan he sawe his tyme / ¶ Thanne he wente in to Egypte vpon a tyme as though it were for to see his sister and his neuewes / ¶ But he made that tholomeus was slaine whi∣le he sate at mete. But the egypcians put him awey for he shold not be kynge ouer hem / ¶ But he came ayene after two yere and besyeged Alexandr••a ¶ Trogus trisesimo quarto Lo. the messagyers of Rome were sente to delyuer Egypcians & mette with Antyochus wandryng on the see stronde and dyd her message in this manere The Senatours and the peple of Ro∣me chargeth and commaundeth the / that thou goo awaye from theyr frendes the egypcians / ¶Than Antyochus axed respyte and day to yeue his answer Than marcus publius made with a yerde a cercle in the sande aboute Antyochus and sayde. The

Senatours and the peple of Rome chargith and commaunde the / that thou neuer passe this cercle / er thou haue yeuen thyne answer / If the peple of Rome wol haue it soo sayd Antiochus Lo I goo R Than he torned in to the Iewry and did ma¦ny euyl / tornes ¶Therfor the bisshop onias Symons sonne wēt in to egypte and gate frendship there of the kynge and buylde ther a temple at ••leopoleos like to the temple of Iewes & sayd that in that dede he fulfylled Isayes prophecye that sayde the aulter of oure lord shalbe in egypte and mynde of hym shal be in the endes therof This temple dured soo two honderd yere & fyfty vnto vaspasianus tyme that destroyed that temple and the cyte also / ¶Than bisshop onyas dyed as it is sayde / and his twey bretheren Ihs and Iohan stryuen byfore Antiochus for the bisshopriche and for to please Antyochus they torned to the vsage and doyng of mysbyleued men / soo ferforth that they toke names of mysbyleued men and soo Iesus was callad Ia¦son and Iohan was named menelaus by ensample of hem ma¦ny of the Iewes brought in doynge and dedes and vsages of mysbyleuyd men and made in Ierusalem harlattes howses / & places for yonglyngys to vse theyr nicete yn / and lefte hem vn¦circumcided and cleped hem self Antyochenes ¶ Antyochus made iason bisshop and putte hym oute afterward and made me¦nelaus bisshop that counseyled andronicus w^t slee his brother Ia¦son for he folowed the kyng in to Antiochia to make hym chaū∣ge his purpoos and soo it was done / ¶Therfor the kynge was wroth and slough Andronicus· ¶Petrus 206 That tyme that Antyochus sold Iason the bissopryche and prystehode. the fy∣re of the sacryfyce acquenchid that had dured byfore vnder water lxx yere Antyochus toke Ierusalem by treson of the cytezeins and toke thens ten thousand cytezeyns and compellyd the Iewes to maumetrye and slough hem that wolde not / he offred swynes flessh and toke away the holy vessel· the mete bord and the stone with the lanternes and the temple clothes and sette Iupiter olim¦picus ymage euen in the temple and forbade the sacryfyce of moyses lawe & in the tour of sion. he put men of macedonia that hated the Iewes in this antyochus tyme the seuen brether were slayne. and her owne moder ¶That tyme Mathatias preest in the cyte modyn by helpe of his fyue sonnes awreked the lawes of her forfaders / Iudas that was eleped machabeus for the pris and the maystrye he was capteyne amonge them and leder

¶ Petrus 207 ¶ Machatias taught the Iewes to fyght on the saturday for the lawe and the people shold not be loste / but he ruled the peple one yere and dyed afterward and made his sone Symon as it were fader and counseylour and Iudas machabe∣us leder of the hoost Ennyus the poete dyed in the euyl arti∣cularis and is buryed in Scipions tombe Iudas machabeus kept the lawes of forfaders full thre yere and he slough Appo∣linus duc of Samaria and faught afterward with his swerde Antioohus went in to pers / for the trybute was vnpayed. and Iudas machabeus ouercome Antiochus leders lisia that norys∣shed the yong antiochus and tholomeus gorgias and nycanor & clensed the temple and renewed it· there gras breres and busshes were growen and soo the thyrdde halowynge of the temple was done in Iudas tyme in the moneth of december that halowynge is named eucennia and dured afterward Petrus 211 ¶An∣tiochus was shamely chaced out of pers and herde that his prin¦ces were ouercome in the Iewry and manaced the Iewes and anone he was taken with antar••us that is ache and sorowe of his bowels and felle doun of his chare and was hurte ful soore and wormes sprange oute of his bodye And the stenche of hym greued allthe hooste / than he bythought him and knowleched that hym was byfalle that sorowe / for he had defowled the tem∣ple of Ierusalem / therfor he made his auowe that he wold be a Iewe and delyuerd the Iewes and make them peer to the men of athene / He sayd also that man sholde be subgette to god and not make hym self peer and euen to god and soo he dyed in the montaynes / Antyochus e••pater the forsayd antyochus epypha¦nes sonne regned after his fader and gadred ayenst the Iewes an honderd thousand fote men and twenty thousand horsmen and two and thyrtty Olyfauntes and shewed hem the Iuse of gra∣pes and of beryes for to sharp hem to the batayl

¶ Petrus 213 ¶ Capitulum 36

DEmetrius sother selencus sone wēt out of the cyte of rome & occupyed the citees by the see side & bygā to regne & regned in asia· & in siria twelue yere For he come to Rome in childhode to

accuse his vncle Antiochus epyphanes that had put hym out o•• his kyngdome / Therfor whan he herd that this vncle was deede he went ayene and many receyued him for her lord / and kynge soo that the hoost of siria wold slee licia / and the yong antyochus that was aboute to reygne Alchimius made preest of arons or¦dre accused machabeus to this demetrius of many manere thyn∣ges and dedes / therfor he was sente with bachides to destroye the Iewry but Iudas withstode hem soo that they spedde not / ther∣fore alchimius torned ayene to the kynge Nychanor was sente of the kynge ayenste ¶Iudas and was slayne and his hede & his right hande were hanged toward Ierusalem / for he hadde prowdly spoken. And Iudas was connexed in frendship with the romayns and the couenaunt was wryten in tables of bras Iudas machabeus was slayne of bachides and alchimius and his broder ionathas roos in his stede & was leder of the Iewes nyneten yere / ¶ While alchimius bygan to destroye god∣des hows and the werkes of prophetes / he was smyten with a palesye and dyed· Bachides torned efte to the kynge and than two yere the lande was in quiete and in pees. Alysaundre anti¦ochus epyphanes sonne occupyed tholomayda and achon and confedred to him Ionathas and slough demetrius the kyng and regned nyne yere in Siria and in asia and wedded cleopatra tho¦lomeus doughter / Demetrius· demetrius sonne that fledde in to creta to his moder kyn whan his fader was slayne he cam aye∣ne and gadred him strengthe and occupyed the landes by the see side and tholomeus gaf him his doughter Cleopatra to wyf / the whiche he had byfore yeuen to alysander and soo tholomeus that traytrely occupyed Alysanders Cytees entred in to Antiochia and toke on hym twey dyademes of egypte and of asia Aly∣sander was ouercome of hym and fledde in to arabia with his so∣ne antiochus to his moders cosyns but the kyng of Arabia drad tholomeus strength and sente hym alysaundres hede / tholomeus dyed the thyrd day after that and demetrius regned ¶ Petrus 219 Ionathas was accused to demetrius that he had wonne the tour in Ierusalem but he sente grete yeftes to demetrius and gate grace of hym soo that he had renewed the pryncipate and the presthode / Thenne demetrius was assured that the londe shold be in pees in his owne honde. he lette his hoost go home euery mā to his owne place and heelde with hym a straunge hooste Ther∣for the peple hadde indignacion of the kyng and Ionathas sente

the kyng thre thousand of chosen men that chacede the traytours Atte last one tryphon that was somtyme one of Alysaundres frendes in to arabia and brought thens the yong Antyochus ali¦sanders sonne and crowned him kyng and faught ayenst demetri¦us and ouercome hym and chased hym and Antiochus made frendship with Ionathas and sent hym vessel purpre and laces of sylke. and made his broder Symon duk and leder· After that Ionathas renewed frendship with the Romayns and with the sparciates Eutropius libro quarto / ¶ The thyrdde batayll pu¦nicum aroos for whan the men of cartage hadde do away theyr shippes / and her armoure· hem for thought the dede and for hem laked bothe bras and yren they made hem armour of gold and of siluer and made hem twey dukes and leders eyther heet astru¦bal the yonge Scipio the grete Scipions neuewe ouercom•• hem both and toke the cyte and destroyed it with fyre soo that it brēt six••ene dayes to geders soo that stones were bren••e to asshes and to powder. and soo cartage was destroyed aboute the seuen hon∣derd yere after that it was first bylde· R / That is soth for to acoū∣te from kyng danidris tyme. So w••ll the maystre in storyes / but loke more herof in the first book capitulo de affryca ¶ Orocius li¦bro quarto Than kynge Asdrubals wyf for manly sorowe & womanly wodenesse threwe her self and her twey sonnes in to the myddel of the fyre and soo the last lady of cartage had right suche a maner ende as dydo the fyrst lady had. ¶ Augustinus primo libro capitulo visesimo nono Whan the thyrd batayl pu∣nycum was ended / Marcus cato counseylled that cartage shold be destroyed but scipio nasica counseylled the contrarye and wolde not assente / that it shold be destroyed that sikernesse sholde be enemy to the brutel wyttes of Romayns for as a wardeyn and keper is nedeful to a childe soo is drede nedeful to cytezeins and that was pr••ued by the same dede. for whan cartage was destro∣yed / than fylle many myshappes cruel stryf and tresone thefte & robberye sleyng of cytezeyns and exylyng and moche other soro¦we. soo that the Romaynes loste the honneste of vertues and of thewes and suffred more cruelnesse and sorowe of theyr owne neyghbours and cytezeyns than of strange enemyes / this knew wel scipio and wolde not assente that cartage shold be destroyed for he wold that the outrage sholde be chasede by drede

¶ Capitulum 37

THolomeus euergetes regned in Egypte nyne and twenty yere and the yonge Scipio was twyes made consul and ouercome the numantanes and made hem subget in a wel strong batayll in spayn / the Romaynes sayd that they escaped and had not the maystrye / than Scipio axed of a knyght that was cal∣led tiresus why that cyte was somtyme so strong that it myghte not be ouercome and by what cause it was aftward ou{er}come & destroyed Petrus 22 Tryphon desired for to regne and caste for to slee antyochus but he drad Ionathas as hym that wolde defende Antyochus / therfor he begyled Ionathas and slew him traytorly and his twey sonnes also / And than afterward he sle¦we the yong antiochus and regned for him in Asia ¶ Symon aroos in stede of his broder Ionathas and made frendship with demetrius the kyng for wreth of tryphon / But demetrius passed to the medes for to gete helpe to warre ayenste tryphon But he was take and afterward slayne of one Arsaces kynge of pers· After hym his sonne Antyochus regned nyne yere in Siria. he made firste frendship with symon And than he pursued tryphon that flygh by the see side in to Antyochia / But at laste he brake couenaunt of frendship that was made bytw••ne hym and symon and made one cendebeus duc and leder in the see ¶ For he shold werre in the Iewry but he was put abak and ouercome Symon renewyd frendship with the sparciates that ben the la¦cedomones and sent the Romaynes a shelde of gold of a thousād mnas Treuisa Mua is a maner of other maner money and weyeth sixty cicles ¶Ciclus is a ful vnce among the hebrewes and amonge Grekes and Latyns· ¶ Cy∣clus is a quarter of an vnce. So in holy bokes of hebrewe ciclus is y take for an vnce and in hethen menus bookes Ciclus is y take for a quarter of an vnce Than it foloweth in the storye Suche frendship was made bitwene the iewes and the romains that lucius consul of Rome wrote to kyngdoms of the est londes chargyng that they shold not greue the Iewes / Attalus kynge of asia made the peple of Rome cyres of his kyngdom ¶Petrus 2••5 / That yere one tholomeus duc of Iheryco that had wedded Symons doughter was bede to the feste and slewe Symon and his twey sonnes But Iohan Symons sonne that ouercome the hircanes was cleped hircanus and herde herof and occupied

Ierusalem and pursuede tholomeus and besieged hym and for tho was the seuenth yere tholomeus hadde sette Iohannes mo¦der with twey sonnes vpon the walles of the cyte and made hem blede byfore Iohannes eyen. Iohan left the cyte and the siege & went his wey Antiochus ponticus kyng of Siria besieged Ie¦rusalem / therfor Iohan hircanus opened tweyne of the eighte tresor places that standith aboute dauithis sepulcre & toke thens thre thousand talentes and yaf Antiochus thre honderd talentes for to go away and of that other dele he made places of socours for poure men for to ceese soo the peple that grutchyde for the ope∣nyng of the sepulcre / Iohan the bisshop ouercome the hircanes & was confedered to the Romaynes Orocius libro quinto ¶That tyme was soo grete multitude of grete flyes in Affryca ▪ that they ete and destroyede corne gras and ryndes of trees / and were adreynt atte last in the see of Affryca and afterward were y throwe grete heepis therof alond to the clyffes that stank so / foule and soo greuously that the smel therof slewe bothe bees¦tes and fowles / At munidia were slayne four score thousand men / at cartage two honderd thousand men / and at cyte vtica we¦re dede thyrtty thousand knyghtes of Rome that were lefte to kepe the contray Cartage in Affryca was bylde ayene by beste of the Senatours of Rome twelue yere after that it was destro∣yed· and theder were brought burgeys of Rome ¶ Antiochus regned thre yere and in asia twelue yere / Iohan hircanus destro¦yed Samaria / but herodes bylde it afterward and cleped it Se∣basten / A duke of the galles wente ayenst the Romaynes with an honderd thousand and four score thousand of men of Armes and was ouercome in the brygge of shippes that they had made ouer the water of rome Marcus terencius varro that was both philosophre / and poete and wryter of storyes is y bore at Rome ¶ Orocius libro quinto & augustinus libro tercio ¶ The hill mount ethna brent passynge that it was wonte to doo· soo that it sette the cyte of cathenens on fyre and vndede the lordes of ship¦pes that come ther nyghe and brente the bowels of men that we¦re ther nygh and choked hem with hote eyer / therfor the romains relesshed the cathenens her trybute for ten yere

¶ Sequitul capitulum 38

THolomeus Sother the sonne of cleopatra regned in egipt seuenten yere Marcus tullius Cithero is born in the vul¦cene kynde Valerius He kepte beestes in his youth and ruled thempyre of Rome in his elde / ¶It is wonder that he despysed lettres / and was hym self a plentuous welle of lettres ¶ This was a noble speker in al maner tonges of wytte and of wyse∣dom and chyef speker with tonge. he assoylled al doutes clerely· at wyll and clensed and enorned al Rethoryke Me axed him somtyme how he come to the fayr spekyng that he had / noble fa∣cunde sayd he is a grete gifte of god almyghty· Who that knew how he shold haue fayr maner of spekyng He wrote all the ges∣tes of Troye subtylly as it myghte be closed in a note sha••e Pol libro quinto capitulo sexto Cithero wold somtyme bye an hows in the palays and had no money and borowed of one scil¦la / but he was wryed er the bargayne was made· Than Cythero was moeued and denyed al that he had receyued and sayde that ••e wolde bye none hows. And yf I bye an hows sayd he / I shal knowleche the sothe of that ye putte to me / and afterward whan he had bought the hows it was putt ayenst him / Ye be vn¦wyse seyde he yf ye knowe not that byers forsake yf they wole ought bye and make it as though they wold no thynge there of to haue the b••tter chepe and soo what he myght not denye / he turned it to bourde and to laughyng and not to blame and to tre¦spasse· He hadde alway that maner doynge that as ofte as ony fowle dede was put ayenst hym that he myght not denye / he wold put it of with a mery answer ¶Ieronimus ad nepoc Me said somtyme of one to tullius in this maner / Demostenes by nam the that thou were not fyrste pleder and thou hast bynom hym that he is not pleder allone This tullius made many bookes as he sayth libro secundo de diuinacione ¶Liber hortensibus Four Archademicis fyue tusculanis Six annunciandi de diuinaciōe. De Senectute. De amicicia / de rethorica de officijs. de re publica / ¶ Titus Six honderd yere and fyue and fourty after the byl¦dyng of Rome was a bataylle bytwene Sertorius and pompei{us}

¶ In that batayll were dede six honderd knyghtes on that one syde and six honderd on that other side / the fyrst bataylle endured vnto nyght / A morowe a knyght of pompe••us came amonge the dede bodyes that shold be buryed and perceyued that he had slain his owne broder and despysed the bataylle· and slough him self for sorowe of that dede and fylle downe deede vpon his broders

body / Petrūs capitulo tercio ¶ Iohan hircanus. dyed after thre and thyrtty yere of his ducherye and lefte after hym his wyf that was a noble speker / and fyue sonnes to rule the Iew∣ry· The eldest was called Aristobolus that myght not suffre his moder to regne ouer him / therfor he prysonned his moder and his thre yong bretheren and slough hem with honger / therfore he ly∣ued afterward but one yere kyng and bisshop and made his bro¦der Antygonus But he lete slee hym whan he come in armes oute of the Iewry and that made his sister for he wold not lye by hir / And soo the kyngdome of Iuda was restored ayene that had be withdrawe fro Sedechias tyme vnto the aristobolus iiijClxxv yere Petrus capitulo quinto ¶ Whan this Aristobolus was deed his wyf that had no child by him toke his elder broder Alysaundre Iammeus oute of bandes and made him kyng This was a ful euil man and slough his owne second broder & kepte the thyrdde brother to lyue pryuely the space of fyue ye∣re / He slough fyfty thousande of old men for they withsayde his vices and euyl doyng / he axed on a tyme how he shold plese the Iewes and was answerd that he shold plese hem yf he were de∣de Than he henge foure score wedded men and her wyues and childre ¶ Iosephus seyth that he dyed atte last the xxvij yere of his kyngdome and lefte twey sonnes a lyue· Hircanus and Arystobolus and wyste that they were odyous to the Iewes & made his wyf Alexandria lady of the Iewes / She had ofte bi¦fore wonne loue of the peple for she abated ofte the malyce and the tyrannye of hir husband while he was a lyue Marius duc of Rome and six sithes consul after that he had ouercome Iugur¦ta in munidia he slew two honderd thousand of cunbres that co∣me ayenst the Romaynes and he toke four score thousand pryso∣ners and eft with one catulus were dede four score thousand ¶ Tholomeus alexander ••egned in egypte ten yere / For tholome¦us sother was put oute by his moder cleopatra and chasid in to Cyprys Lucrecius the poete is y born that dranke afterward loue drynkes and werth wode / Netheles he wrote somme bookes bytwene the reses of his wodenesse. and slough hym self with his owne honde the yere of his lyf four and fourty and cythero amended his bookes Eutropius libro quinto / The▪ kyngdom of Siria faylyd and fyl to the lordship of the Romaynes. The batayll that was cleped sociale bellum began in ytaly for the py¦teus marses pelignes werred strongly foure yere ayenste the

romayns / In that were dede twey consuls and porans 〈◊〉〈◊〉 But they were ouercome at last of scylla and of marius pompe¦ius

¶ Capitulum 39

THolomeus Sother that was put out by his owne moder ••ekeuerd the kyngdome of Egypte / whan his moder was slayn by tholomeus Alexander and regned in egypte eyght yere ffor cytezeyns had put oute tholomeus alexander for the slaugh¦ter of his moder· ¶Salustius crispus wryter of storyes is y bo¦re in Sabyn / of hym is yet moche thynge wryte. ¶ That tyme were seen many grete wondres hard and dredeful. For vnder the arysynge of the sonne was seen a dredeful clustre of fyre / And in a feste among the aritines bloode ranne oute of the loues as it were oute of newe woundes / And the erthe was y bete seuen da¦yes to gyder with grete hayl stones medled with scherdes / Amōg the sampnytes and beneuentanes the erth opened & leyhe of fy¦re was s••en breke oute and stretche vp in to heuen / Also beestes that were wonte to lyue amonge men forsoke stabels and ••esow and fledde to hilles and montaynes lowynge and bletynge Also houndes forsoke company of mankynde ¶ Orocius libro quinto / In a playne of campania were seen as it were shiltrons and hoostes of fyghtyng men many dayes to geder and noyse & hurlyng to geder of armour was herde & there were seen aftwarde forows and steppes of men and of horses ¶ And not longe af¦ter the bataylle called bellum sociale / began the bataylle called bellum ciuile· twey bretheren germains bygan that batail. eyther of them was named grac••us The bataylle was bygonne for the lawe called agaria / In that lawe it was of old tyme that the senatours sholde entremete of no dede mennes feldes / that he hadde while he was lyuynge / but the feldes withoute ony plee shold falle to the next of the bloode / but the gentilmen dyde other wyse and helde and occupyed feldes of many men ¶ Therfor one graccus on a day of prayers whan all thynge shold be axed that shold be restored axed openly that the feldes that were soo ••••••den shold be delyuerd and restored ayene to the peple Therfore the gentilmen were moeued and wroth and slough two honderd of the people with fete and gobettes of chayres of fourmes and

of stoles and threwe hem in to tiber / and graccus was slayne. & vnburyed long tyme Also Silla the consul went in to campa¦nia for to destroy alle the releef of the batayll called bellum soci∣ale Than marius that had be consul six sithes desired nowe to be consul the seuenth tyme and profered to vndertake the bataill•• ayenst metridas ¶Whan Silla wyste therof he tourned agayne to the cyte with four legyons and entred in to the cyte & slough marius messager and axed brondes for to sette the Cyte a fyre & besieged marius within the capytoyl ¶Atte last marius ymagy∣ned to fynde a meane to meoue the comonte of horsmen to helpe him at that tyme / And atte laste he egged bondemen to dedes of armes for hope of pray and of fredome but they durst not with∣stande Than marius went vp in to the capytoyl and had many of his men slayne and vnneth escaped hym self ¶Than marius fled and tourned to marryes and to wattry places· there herodes fonde him amonge mory flagges and sprayes and sente hym to Silla and Silla sente him to the cunbres that were the worst enemyes that he had and they emprisoned hym ¶There it semed that goddes come to hym and were with hym there and lyghte 〈◊〉〈◊〉 the pryson whan that the tormentour was sente in to sle him / the tormentors hande fayled and shoke for drede and a voys was herde in the eyer wherwith the cunbres were astonyed for drede and felle to the grounde and betten marius goo his wey ¶ R Lucanus speketh of this hap libro secundo. ¶ Marius was flemed and hidde in the busshes of the fennye more Titus ¶ This marius was soo delyuerd by help of the goddesse marica that was worshiped there / he had put hym self to hir by his auow He toke with him his felawe Cynna and greued the romaines in many maner wyse and gate thoffyce of consul and occupyed it the seuenth tyme but he occupyed that offyce but thyrten dayes at that tyme from the first day of Ianuar / whan consuls receiuen the aray fyrst of consul to the / xiij day of the same moneth Marius after that he come oute of prison passed in to affrica & ga¦dred helpe on euery side & cam agayne to destroye the comonte of rome & made his hoost in four partyes· One party that was thre legions / he toke hym self / Carbo had the second party Sertorius the thyrd and cinna the fourth Sertorius fought strongly with pompeus· marius & cinna entred the cite and slough many of 〈◊〉〈◊〉 consuls and of the Senatours

¶ Augustinus de ciuitate dei·

Also marius made octauius the consuls heede be smyten of and lette sette the heede in prorostris that is the comune place of Ro∣me / there thynges be sette vp in sight for men to loke and wondre on / there the bourgeys were wonte to stande and loke aboute and telle there myry tales R ¶ Lucanus sayth that in the felde called marcius atte grete feeste he made sette the heedes of ge••til men that were slayne in stede of messes vpon the mete bordee. ¶ Titus Marius was so cruel that many men had leuer slee him self. than come in marius hande Therfore catulus the con¦sul dranke venym and merula Iupiters owne bisshop kytte his veynes and bled to deth ¶ Also Marius bade that noman shold be spared though he axed mercy in his owne presence / But yf he him self put forth the right hande in token of mercy Therfor the Senatours that left and gentelmen of Rome passed in to Grece and prayd Silla the consul to helpe the comynte of Rome that was nygh loste Eutropius ¶ That tyme Silla at athene had ouercome one Archelaus metridas duc and slayn an honderd thousand men / soo that Archelaus hidde him self na∣ked thre dayes in depe wattry mores / whan this was knowen / metridas prayd for pees and Silla assented and graunted for to haue the lesse perylle byhynde hym and for to goo the more sa¦uely and surer to the ciuile bataill ayenst marius Than Silla cam ayene to Rome and slough and exyled so many thousandes of men that Quintus catulus sayde to hym openly. with whome shal we lyue Yf we slee armed men in bataylle and vnarmed men in pees ¶Augustinus libro tercio capitulo visesimo 4· For Silla than gafe l••ue in that stryf to his men to slee whome that they wold / the wey was opened to take wreche of all old wrath Therfor Scillas right was wers to the comonte of Ro¦me than marius wekednesse though they were vnpunysshed For by both were mo men slayne than by that one ¶ Eutropius This ciuile bataylle dured ten yere and destroyed moo than an honderde thousande men and fyfty thousande withoute senatours consuls pretoryes and edylicies men of dygnyte R ¶Therfore here take hede of six batayls that were amonge the Romaynes / & euery batayll was called bellum ciuile· ¶ In the first bataill marius fought ayēst the cyte / In the second batayll silla fought ayenst marius and ayenst his fauctours ¶In the thyrdde bata∣yll. Sertocius fought ayenst pompeus / In the fourth batayll ca¦telina fought aiēst the comente / In the .v / batayl lepidus fought

ayenst catulus ¶ The sixth a batayll was bytwene Iulius and pompeus Eutropius After this Sylla torned ayene & had worshipfully the maystry of metridas Trogus libro 37 / Metridas metridas sonne kynge of pontus was rebell to the Ro¦maynes six and fourty yere So that if it semed somtyme that he was ouercome he wold aryse ayene with more myghte and strengthe ¶ This was delyuerd by his kynnesmen oute of the awaytes of his owne moder that had slayne her owne fyue so¦nes / and this yonglynge was taken to wardens to kepe· that set¦te hym vpon a wylde hors and compellyd hym to play and to ryde / And while he ruled the hors ouer myght to his elde / his wardeyns arayed venym for to yeue him to drynke The wyse childe drad therof and dranke ofte medycynes of treacle / by the whiche remedyes he put of the peryl of venym in his yougth / so that he myght not dye by venym whan he wold haue dyed by venym in his elde ¶ Than after venym he drad Ire and feyned that he wolde goo an huntynge / soo that in seuen yere he cam neuer in cyte ne in smal towne / so that al that tyme he had neuer hows ouer hede / but walked and lay by nyght in hilles & in montaynes and there he trauaylled ofte wylde beestes / and toke hem with swyfte rennynge and fought with hem· somtyme for to make his body stydfast by vse in trauayl for tendure

¶Also whan he come to rulyng of kyngdome. He chastysed the Scites that myght not be ouercome byfore by sleyght of wyt ¶He occupyed pontus and macedonia ¶Also he wente pryue∣ly oute of his kyngdome and toke with him somme of his fren∣des· and passed in to Asia and wente aboute in Asia and espy¦ed the places and countrees of that londe and came agayn than in to his owne kyngdome and founde a lytel sone that Laodyce that was bothe his wyf and his owne sister / had brought forch by a copyner while he was absente in other landes ¶ Therfor the wyf ordeygned venym for metridas whan he come home· but he was warned by a wenche that serued his wyf / and toke wre¦che of the doers of that fals dede ¶ Than whan wynter was comen / he wold not be in festes but in the felde stryuynge on his hors in rennyng or in grete dedes of strengthe and made his hoost to vse suche trauaylle and dedes for to make hem connynge by vse stalworth and stydfaste eftsones whan they shold fyght

¶ Than he werred in Galacia and despysed the manase of the Romaynes ¶ Metridas seconde wyf shaar hir heede

for loue of hir husband & vsed her for to ride for to helpe what she myght / yf hir husband fell in ony peryll / and for to be with him alway / hir husband was ouercome of pompeus & fledde and she sewed him alway among ful cruel nacions ¶ Giraldus As ofte as highest consuls sylla and Pompeus ouercome metri∣das· soo ofte he semed the more myghty and stronge for he occu∣pyed babyloyne and asia and peased the Scites and made subget capadocia and Armenia and made his owne kyngdome stretche streyht vnto Inde / and come to ephesus and slough al the Ro∣mayns in one daye that were in Asia / Than he sente Archelaus that was the duc byfore him in to grece with an honderd thousād fyghtyng men that gate hym al grece / Atte last he was holden of his owne sonne farnaces and dranke venym by his good wylle for he wold haue dyed / but it greued hym not / Therfor a knyght of the galles that he had greued was prayd for to slee hym and slough hym anone / ¶ After his deth Pompeus made Tigranes kynge of Siria and brente with fyre the temple of Ierusalem /

¶ Capitulum 40

Ptholomeus denys regned thyrtty yere in egypte. In his ty¦me was plantus latinus the grete pompeus endytour and rethoricien / Libertus the doctor. was in prosperyte in rome. sylla the consul dyed at Rome after that he had the vyctorye of metri¦das / Nichomedes kynge of Bythinia made peple of Rome his bei¦res whan he dyed Whan he was dede metridas brake the peas / and werred in bythynia and in lytel Asia Twey consuls of ro¦me were sente ayenst hym· he ouercome that one of hem / and was ouercomen of that other that come byhynde / and folowed after him and slough of his an honderd thousand fyghtynge men In 〈◊〉〈◊〉 began a newe batayll of lxxiiij / comune fyghters and cokkers that robbed brente and slough and brake spousage and did•• lechery & ouercome the consuls of Rome and gadred hem / lx tho••sande men of armes. But after thre yere marcus the consul ouercome hem in Apulea / naples ¶Alexandra otherwyse cal∣led Sabina Alexandres wyf regned nyne yere among the Ie¦wes and slough and outlawed many Iewes by counseyll of thephareseys. The secte of them bygā at that tyme. Eutr. libro 6

Virgyl marco is born nyghe to mantua Scomers and see the¦ues greued and robbed alle the see / soo that the Romayns that were vyctors of alle the worlde aboute had no sure saylyng with oute other socour ¶But Pompeus the consul chastysed thes theues atte last Than Pompeus toke a batayl ayēst metridas and ayenste Tygranes kyng of Armenye for he had socoured & fauoured metridas that was ayenst the Romayns and receiued him and saued him whan he fledde the Romayns ¶ Therfore Pompeus ouercome metridas in bataylle by nyghte and destro∣yed his castels ande his tentes and slough fourty thousand of his men and made tigranes to yelde him self· and toke f••om him both Armeny and Asia and made hym bere trybute of six thou∣sand talentes of syluer for he had moeued werre withoute cau∣se ayenst the Romaynes Therfor pompeus ouercome metridas Than metridas fledde with his wyf and not longe afterward he was cruel to his owne men and slough his twey sonnes Than Far••aces his thyrd sonne toke ensample of his bretheren· and was soore ferd and made the hoost torne to hym that was sente to pursue him and besieged his owne fader in gofforn

The fader cryed mercy but the sone wolde not here Than this metridas prayed his goddes that his sone farnaces myghte som∣tyme here the same vois of his owne sonnes ¶ Than he yaue his wyf and his doughters venym to drynke and slough hem in that manere / for he myghte not dye by venym he prayd a knyghte of Galles to slee hym and he slough hym anone and soo metridas dyed the yere of his age lxx / and the yere of his kyngdome. lx euen After that pompeus ouercome the Albans and the men of hiberia of Siria and of Arabia Marc libro 1 ¶ The yere of Ptholomeus sixtene· Oracius the poete Satiricus and Liricus were born at venacia a cyte of ytaly ¶ Treuisa ¶Here take hede that a poete is called Liricus and somme poete is cleped satiric{us} And hath that name of satis that is ynowe. for the matier that he speketh of he toucheth atte fulle ¶And thre poetes he specially called Satirici· Oracius Percius and Iuuenalis Petrus· Whan that Alexandre was dede that ordeyned his eldest sonne hircanus to be kyng and bisshop / ¶Afterward the twey sonnes that were a lyue hircanus and Aristobolus stryuen for thempire And yaue the romaynes occasion to werre in Iudea that is the Iewry. ¶Therfor pompeius cam and toke Ierusalem vnnethe the thyrd moneth▪ and. slough· xiij / M / Iewes and toke the other

vpon theyr othes· and threwe downe the walles of Ierusalem euen with the grounde and yaue hircanus the prysthode and led¦de Aristobolus bounde and his twey sonnes with him in to Ro∣me and lefte staurus lord of Siria Pompeius had be byfore strengeste in bataylles but for that he stabuled his horses in the porches and other places of the temple / he had neuer grace after¦warde wele to spede / and soo hee foughte neuer after. but he was ouercome. Eutropius· libro sexto ¶Whan al this was done after that pompeius had foughten ryally with two and twenty kynges he wente in to asia and made an ende of the old bataylle of the est landes ¶ Metridas sonnes wente by fore his chare / & Tigraues sonnes also Oracius flactus is borne at venusye / Sergius catelina a noble man of blode but euyl and shrewde of wytt and of wylle conspyred with somme grete men / right stron¦ge to destroye the countray ¶ And though Iulius Gayus pleted for hym and defended his partye / Netheles in tullins cy¦thero the / consuls tyme Marcus caton pleted ayenst hym and so he was put oute of the cyte and sone afterward slayne in bata∣ylle / Also his felawes were taken of one Antonius another con¦sul and prysonned to ther lyues ende Salustius made a book of hem / the booke is named / the book of catelinus conspyracy Ti∣tus liuius the wryter of storyes is born and vyrgyle lerneth at Cremona / gaius iulius cesar is made consul and gallia was iug¦ged to him & iliricus that is grece with x begyōs. Iulius fought ten yere ayenste the germayns and galles in many harde bata∣yls Treuisa Here galles ben cleped men of gallia / Gallia is closed with thre noble watres with the Rine and the Rone and the see of occean Though gallia & ffraūce be ofte acompted alone lande and countray / Netheles as we speke comonly of Fraunce and now here o•• gallia Gallia conteyned al the reame of Fraūce and many other countrees and londes vnto the Ryne northward to the Rone Estward and to the See of Brytayne and of en¦gl••nd westwarde. ¶ Thanne it foloweth in the storye Iulius ix yere made hard batails ayēst the germayns & the gal¦les and destroyed foure honderd thousande •• and fourty thou∣sand of germaynes / that passed the Ryne for to wynne gallia Than he made a brygge and passed the Ryne and wanne sue∣uia / than he wan al gallia and toke pledgis of the brytons & made hem trybutary / Amonge al his grete dedes he fought euil / but thryes and no moo ¶Beda acounteth this yere sixty byfore

the incarnacion / This yere cam Iulius cezar to wynne brytayn in this maner while Iulius the consul werryd ayenst the ger∣mayne and the galles that be to deled only by the Riuer of ••••∣ne / he come to the morians and ordeyned him an honderd shippes and thyrtty with sayles and with oores and sayled in to Bry∣tayne / there he was fyrst sette with right harde fyghtynge / and af¦terward•• in a grete tempest that fylle ayenst hym. he loste many shippes and horsmen and torned in to gallia / And sente certeyne Legyons of knyghtes in to Irland and arayed efte his shippes and had fourty shippes broken in grete tempeste. while he wente ayenst the brytons and was ouercome atte fyrst batayll. and la¦bienus the consul was woūded and dyed right there Vnneth atte second batayll Iulius chaced the brytons / For the Britons had pyghte sharp stakes in the Ryuer of thamys / there Iulius hadde landed / the stakes were grete shapen as a manne•• thygh and sette aboute with lede as it is yet seen Whan the Romains were war of this gyle for to escape that peryll they toke the cy∣te of Trynouantum by sleyght of one andragius and receyued fourty plegges and wente thens and occupyed the cyte cassy∣bala a stronge cyte and a ryche sette amonge waters ¶ Than Cesar went in to gallia and was sette with harde batay••s on eue¦ry side Lud kyng of Brytons is dede▪ he cleped trynouantum Ca••rlud by his owne name and bylde there the west yate and cal¦led it after his owne mame Ludgate / His broder Cassibelanus regned after him for lud lefte after hym twey sonnes on lyue / Andragius and Teamucius / and were to yonge to gouerne the Royamme / But whan they come to age Cassybelanus yaue to Andragyus the Cyte Trynouantum with the ducherye of kente And he yaue Temancius the ducherye of Cornewayle / That ty••e Iulius cezar sayled in to Brytayne and was twy¦es put of / but whyle the kynge and Andragyus were at grete stryf / For Andragyus neuew in wrastlynge Andragyus sente for Iulius cezar and he cam And wanne the londe and made kynge cassybelanus trybutary and cassibelanus lyued seuen ye¦re after that Iulius was a goo ¶ Crassus Pompeius felawe and consul after gabynus deth was sente to be ruler of Siria for to chastley the parches that were waxen rebelle ¶ For to spede that Iourneye Crassus toke two thousande talentes oute of the temple of Ierusalem· the whiche Pompeius spared ¶ Ther∣fore Crassus fyghtynge ayenste the perches was ouercome and

taken / The parches melt gold and powred in his throte and de∣spysed him and sayde· thou Romayne art a thyrste after gold / nowe drynk gold atte ful

¶ Capitulum 41

CLeopatra the doughter of tholomeus denys kynge of egipte was Empryce of egypte two and twenty yere· two yere by fore Iulius cezar fyue yere vnder Iulius and fyften yere after octauianus augustus / A batayll Cyuyle bygan bytwene Iu∣lius and his wyues fader pompeius in this maner Giraldus / For Iulius whan that he had trauaylled ten yere and wonne Gallia germania and brytayne. He axed the worship that was dewe for soo grete vyctoryes and noble dedes / But Pompeius ca¦to and marcellus the consuls withseyden him and bade hym leue the hoos••· and come agayn to the cyte ¶ Eutropius libro sexto And by Auctoryte of marcellus the consul the grete Pompeius was sente with commandemēt to the Legyons that were at luce∣ria / and for that of puttynge Iulius cezar with his hooste ••••me ayenst the countrey ¶Suetoni{us} ¶Ther were many maner dyg∣nyt••es in Rome / Somme therof dured one yere. the chyef dygny¦te of alle was the dictatours dygnyte that dured fyue yere / But first was but one dictator but afterward the comente encreased And were made thre dictators in Rome / ffor yf there fylle ony discorde bytwene the tweyne / the thyrdde sholde redresse it· ¶It happed that thes thre were dictators to geder Pompeius Iulius and marcus crassus of the whiche pompeius / for he was an old man and of the chiualrye Emeryta lefte at home for to gouer∣ne the comonte Treuisa In xxv. chapitre of the fyrste booke / it is wryten that somtyme the knyghtes of rome after that they we¦re sixty yere old sholde not be compellyd to dedes of Armes / but they sholde be at home and haue certayn lyuelode· and than they were callyd knyghtes of the cheualrye Emeryta / that is putte out of dedes of armes· Than it foloweth in the story•• ¶ Crassus was sente to werre ayenst the Parches and was taken & lost by gyle and by trayson ¶Iulius was sente in to the west londes & dwellyd fyue yere to make the galles and the Allobrogues men of Burgoyne subget ¶Than he helde the dygnyte other fyue ye¦re / by his owne Auctory•••• / In the whiche fyue yere / he warryd

ayenst the brytons and efte ayenst the galles ¶ Than in his co¦myng to Rome ward whan he came to Alpes· he sente to pompe∣ius whos doughter he had wedded that he shold araye for him triumphum that is the worship that a vyctor of Rome shold ha¦ue in his comynge to Rome after the vyctorye But for Iuli∣us had holden the dygnyte by his owne auctoryte lenger than he shold Pompeius warned him the worship called tryumphus by assent of the Senatours Than Iulius was wroth and wēt to the cyte aienst pompeius ¶Eutropius libro sexto ¶ Than pom¦peius dradde with the Senatours and consuls and fledde in to grece and arayed there a bataylle ayenste Iulius cezar / Iulius entred in to the cyte of Rome as it were in to a cyte beynge voyde and brake the comon tresory ¶Orocius libro sexto ¶Iulius to∣ke four thousand poūde of gold and six score and ten of syluer He toke four thousande and ten thousand pounde and deled to his knyghtes ¶ Eutropius ¶And in lykenesse of pees he occu∣pyed the dygnytees euerychone and wente than in to spayne / and there he destroyed pompeius strengthe ••oostes and thre capy¦tains / than he come in to grece and faught with pompeius In the fyrste bataylle Iulius was ouercomen and chaced and whan nyght come pompeius wold not folowe and pursue the chace Therfore Iulius sayd that pompeius couth not take the vyctory and that only that day he myghte haue be ouercomen ¶ After that they faught in thessalia ther pompeius sheltron had fourty thousand fote men and six honderd horsmen in the lyfte wynge. and fyue honderd in the rygt wynge and alle the helpe of the est side with nobley of the Senatours pretoryes and consuls Ce∣sar had in his shiltron not fully thyrtty thousande horsmen / and atte laste in the bataylle pompeius hooste fledde. and his tentes were destroyed and he hym self fledde to the yonge ptholomeus kynge of egypte and axed helpe of him for he was ass••gned by the Senatours to be his tutor and wardeyn ¶Netheles the king folowed more hap and fortune than frendship and lette slee pom¦peius and sente to Iulius his heede and his ryng ¶ Whan Iulius sawe the heede and the rynge he wepte wel better teeris and went forthwith to Alexandria and tholomeus araied bus¦shementes Than cezar was ouersette with strengthe of his ene¦myes and went in to a boote that was soo heuy laden with men that folowed hym that it sank downe and was dreynte ¶ Than cesar swam thre honderde paas with one hand & helde chartres

with that other hande· aboue the water and come to a ship▪ The∣re he was comforted anone and drenched eyther toke all the kin¦ges nauey in batell on· the see easely ynow But the Alexan¦drynes prayd for her kynges lyf / and Iulius graunted and charged him that he sholde rather essay the frendship of the Ro∣maynes than dedes of Armes / Netheles anone as he was free· he yaue cesar a batayll. but he and his hoost were sone destroyed Cesar bytoke that kyngdome to a woman callyd Cleopatra and dwellyd with hir two yere in lecherye Hugo capitulo Ianus That tyme Iulius amended the kalender and fonde the cause of the leep yere R ¶The Romaynes as the Hebrewes bygan her yere in marche vnto numa pompilius tyme / And this numa put Ianuar and februar to the yere in an vncertayne manere / but the yere was not fully amended byfore Iulius tyme Quintilis the fyfth moneth after marche was afterward callid iulius in worship of iulius cesar for he was born in that moneth or in that moneth he dyde somme grete dede and vyctory· for suche a ma••er skyle sextilis the six ••he moneth after marche is cleped Augustus in worship of augustus cesar / Eut / Cesar remeoued from egypte and ouercome f••rnaces metridas sonne in bataylle and let••e slee hym for he had meyntened pompeius ayenst Iu∣lius / thennes he wente to Rome and made hym consul the thirdde tyme ¶ Than he went in to Affryca and ouercome in batayl the noble dukes Scipio and porcius cato and Iuba the kynge of mauritania and they slough hem self afterward ¶R Seneca epistola 26 & Pol libro septimo capitulo sexto Spe••en of this ca¦ton and seye that he dranke venym and smote hym self in to the brest•• with a swerde and soo he y••lde vp the gooste ffor he wold not see cesar regne while he were a lyue. also seneca secundo libro ad Seuerum Cato lyued not after fredome nowther fredome aft{er} cato ¶Also anoth••r story of Rome seyth that cato was not in the bataylle that was bytwene Iulius and pompeius / but he herd of pompeus deth and redde platoes bookes de inmortalite a∣nime and sawe in that booke that the sowle maye not dye and soo he wounded him self but his fre ndes counseylled him to lyue and a leche dide his cure to his woūdes but whan they were a••go he opened his wounde and soo he dyed This doynge is not excu••a¦ble in cato were he neuer so wele l••t••red & so gloryous / First for his frendes counseylled hym the c••ntrary that were wyse men & kynde ¶Also for that he counseylled his sonne not for to doo soo

but he counseylled hym rather to lyue vnder Iulius cesar the vic¦tor. The thyrd skyle for he slough hym self by enuye for he wold not suffre and see Iulius welth and his ioye / And so it semeth that cato slough hym self by vnstydfastnesse and folye / for he wold not suffre anguyssh and disease and not by honneste to voy¦de and escape foule maner of doynge Here take hede of many catons that were in Rome amonge the Romayns / one was cato questor / he brought ennius the poete oute of tarent in to Rome Another was mennius cato that fought wonderly ayēst the gre¦kes in paul emilins tyme. ¶ Another was marcus porcius cato that was called vtycensis for he slough him self at a Cyte callyd vtyca in Affryque / Of him we speke nowe at this tyme / and in caas this was tensorius cato / Of hym speketh ierom in epistola ad Nepocianum and sayth that him shamed not whan he was an olde man to lerne lettres of grue / nowther was put oute of ho¦pe and trust for to spede ¶ This was a philosopher of the secte that heet secta stoycorum· Treuisa Stoici had that name of a porche of Athene called stoa / ther were peynted dedes and doyng of wyse men and of stronge ¶ The fyrst philosopher of that secte. was named Zenon ¶Than it foloweth in the story ¶This cato made a grete science of vertues and of maners that is called ethi¦ca catonis / therof was that lytle book of metre drawen caton that childer lerne in scole Eutropius After an yere cesar wente efte to Rome and made him consul the fourth tyme and soone after went in to spayn wher pompeus sones had arayed right strōg bataylles in the laste bataylle there cesar was so nye ouercome / that his men fledde & he was in poynte to slee hym self lest in his elde he sholde falle in to childres hande after grete worshippe and ioy and grete dedes of cheualrye ¶Cesar was than six and fyf∣ty yere of age Atte last his men tourned ayene and ouercome his enemyes & efte he wente to Rome & made men callyd hym Emp••rour. he was callyd Emperour for a passynge lordship of one pryncipate / & was callyd cesar / for he was kytte oute of his moders wombe whan his moder was dede ¶ Cesus in latyn is cutt•• in englysshe Eutropius / ¶ Whan Iulius by his owne wylle sholde doo worship to the peple as the peple dyde hym byfo¦re· he wolde neyther arryse ayenste the Senators whan they come to hym & dyde many other tyrannyes & doynges ayenst the cus∣tommes of Rome Than lx horsmen & Senatours of Rome & specially tweyne Eyther was called Brutus conspyred ayenste

him / soo that on a day· whan the Senatours shold come to geder Iulius cam to the capitoyl and was stykked thurgh / and hadd•• thre and twenty woundes and dyed

¶ Capitulum 42

IVlius wente towarde the capitoyle and rec••yued lettres / that were Iuggis of his deth / the messager that broughte the lettres sayd that he sholde be dede yf he come that day amonge the gadryng of the peple. I shal now sayde Iulius speke with an astronomer and afterwarde I shal see the gadrynge and the lettres. Than he callyd to hym an astronomer that sayde that Iu¦lius shold dye in the kalendes / this daye sayd Iulius be the ka∣lendes and yet I am on lyue / ¶ To day be the kalendes sayde the astronomer / but they be not passed / and I wold that I wer foūde a lyer· Than Iulius wēt to the capitoyl & was slayn with alles of comune contekkers or brawlers. the first day of mar¦che / but ther semed no woūde in his body. but the lettres were foū¦de in his hande after his deth ¶Petrus An hondreth daye•• bi¦fore Iulius deth fylle a lyghtnynge vpon Iulius ymage in the chepynge place· and toke away the letter / C / of this name cesar· Also the nyght byfore his deth his chambre wyndowes were soo gryslye and soo sternly opened / that Iulius resed oute of his bed / and wende that the hows had falle vpon him ¶ Also the day after his deth ther semed thre sonnes in the eest that wente a lytle and lytle to geders alle in one sonne / that bytokened that the lordship of the thre partyes of the worlde shold come alle in to one prynces lordship ¶ Owther more verely / it bytokened that alle the worlde sholde knowe the trynyte / thre▪ persones and one god / Also an oxe spake to a plowe man in the subarbes of Rome and sayde that he was prykked and dryuen in ydel / for in shorte tyme sayd he men shal fayle more than Oxen owther whete / Also in Iulius pyler that now pylgrymes calle saynt pe¦t••rs nylde. there the asshes were of Iulius body / that was brent It was wryten in metre in this man•••• ¶Thou were grete Ce∣sar as al the world is at eue / And art now sette there closed in a lytel stone R ¶ Also many men wrote many thynges in praysyng•• of Iulius / for Eutropius libro sexto seyth that nomā was punysshed this daye that he entred in to the cyte ¶ Also he

made his knyghtes haue costlew armour for they shold defende he in more manly for drede of soo grete losse / ¶ Ther was neuer man more noble than he in bataylle by his ledynge / there were slayne enleuen honderd thousand four score xij thousande of his enemyes withoute the batayls that were called bella ciuilia. for he wold not wryte the nombre of hem that were slayne in ciuile batayles Treuisa / Bellum ciuile is a batayll amonge the ro¦maynes hem self Than it foloweth in the story ¶ Iulius fought fyfty sithes with baner displayed / Also noo man wrote swyfter than he / no man redde swyfter than he ¶Also he vsed to endyte four maner pystles and lettres at ones. And whom he made subget by armes he ouercome hem more by myldenesse Also ther was no day in all his harde werres and batayls that he nold wryte rede owther endyte Plenius Iulius cesars hande was as able to the pen as to the swerde but no man gouer∣ned the comonte better than he in al his grete lordship / he bade ne¦uer slee man but one domicius / to whom he had yeuen his lyf by¦fore / He toke hym ones in a cyuile bataylle and yaue hym his lyf and bade hym forswere Armes and sawe hym afterward fight ayenst hym in a bataylle Than he sayde to his knyghtes It is ynowh to me to yeue an vnkynde man ones his lyf / he was neuer soo wroth with man that he nold foryeue yf he sawe skyl∣ful occasion ¶ Also Iulius was of grete suffraunce· for in his worship in his comyng to Rome after a grete vyctorye knyghtes of Rome sayd in his owne hering and he was neuer the wrother Lo cesar taketh worship as a vyctor for he hath ouercome the gal¦les why hath / Nychomedes kynge of bithinia noon worship as a victor for he ouercome Cesar· for me sayde that he had to greete frendship with hym Therfor me sayth that Tullius sayd to iu¦lius / hayle kynge and Quene and efte hayle quene of bythinia thou were somtyme woman of alle men and nowe thou art made man of al women Pol libro tercio ¶ Iulius cesar was sore agreued of his ballidnesse and heer fayled on his molde and on his fortop. he wolde bende his heer from the polle toward the forhede· and a knyght of Rome that wa•• ••eproued of cowardy¦se byfore Iulius sayd to Iulius / Iu••••us sayd he it were lygh∣ter to make the not balled than it were to the to make me do ony thynge cowardly in the hoost of Rome / Also ther were famous bokes and mury gestes made and knowen openly in despyte of hym and he suffred it paciently ynowh ¶Also one despysed him

and his moder kynne and called hym bakar and he roughte no¦thynge therof Therfor cythero in praysynge of hym sayth / Iulius couth not foryete but only iniurye and wronge Plenius Cesar came on a tyme in to Iulius scole and Tulli∣us aroos ayenst hym and Iulius forbade hym and sayde· aryse not ayenste me / for wytte and wysedome is better than myghte & strength Shal I not aryse sayd Tullius ayenste the vyctor of the world / Thou hast wonne a more worshipful crowne and pryce than it were to streche oute of the boundes of the empyre of Rome and by cause of that word Iulius ordeyned a lawe that he that redde owther helde a book shold not aryse ayenst noo man ¶ Valerius Acius the poete aroos not ayenste Iulius Cesar / whan Iulius cam in to the college of poetes and me axed hym why he sate stylle in the comynge of so grete a lord / the lasse said he shal aryse ayenst the greter & pere shal come to his pere but wyt and wysedome passyth all. & Iulius alowed his sayenge R A man childe ond a mayde childe were brought byfore Iulius / that were moost lyke him of ony childer a lyue / and Iulius by helde hem on a tyme and yaue them grete yeftes and sente hem ayene with suche versus Sheweth al one chere lyke and peeres gon in fere / lat no myskyssyng haue pris of your both lyuynge None yuy sprayes none noyse of dounes layes Ye lyke of chere be in fere withoute ony gyle ¶ Apuleus The conspiracy of catelin come oute by cithero the best consuls tyme and was dampned

¶ There nowther for nobley of the persone that had gilt / nowther roialle spekinge of Iulius cesar that was his patrone and his auowry and pletede for him by mildenesse and pite at that tyme if he mighte him helpe. For marcus cato plete d ai••̄st him and proued him gilty ¶ Salustius ¶There were twey no¦ble men marcus cato and gaius Iulius wel ••ighe of one worthi∣nes of blode of age and of noble and roiall speche and y like gre¦te of hert / but they were of diuerse ioye and worship. ¶ Cato was grete in clēnes of ••f / in largenesse of yeftes & in mildenes that one had worship by cruelnesse & that other by fredom of yef¦tes ¶Cesar by yeftes Cato by yeuinge of none yeftes is praised ¶ In cesar socoure and refute of wretches and of nedye men. In caton punisshinge of euil dooers ¶ In cesar wakinge and trauaile for gendeinge of his owne / noo thynge werne that he myght doo araye new batails desirous triumphous and worship as a victor of Rome all this was lykynge to cesar Caton loued

besynesse of sobrenesse of stydfastnesse of sternesse· He strofe not with rychesse ayenste the ryche not with trayson ayenst the tray∣tour but with strengthe ayēst the strong / with honneste aienst the the sobre man. he desired more to be good. than to seme good. Soo that the lesse he desired worship the more worship he had ¶Gau∣fredus and Alfr Whan cassibelanus was deed in Brytayne & buryed at york / his neuew tenancius was kyng after hym Te¦nancius was duc of corne wayle and kyng luddes sonne and an¦dragius brother / Andragius wente with Iulius cesar to Rome

¶ Capitulum 43

WHan Iulius cesar was slayne Octauianus of Rome xviij yere of age was sente with twey cōsuls for to pursue mar¦cus Antonius. that was than demed open enemy to the comente / for he made insurrection ayenst the Senatours and ayenst hem / that slough Iulius cesar This octauianus was a Romayne / Octauius the senatours sone And come of Eneas on his moder side by the kynrede called Iulia familia and was Iulius cesars neuew of his sister born and his owne sonne adoptiuus and Iu¦lius made him his heyre in his testamēt / Marcus was ouercome at mutina / and the twey consuls dyed by the wey· than had Oc∣tauianus the grete hoostes at his commaundemente ¶Octauian{us} made pees with Marcus Antonius atte desire of one lepydus / that was mayster of the horsmen to hym / Marcus antonius was fledde Than Octauianus cam to Rome in his xx yere of age / and toke the dygnyte and made hym self consul by strengthe / & afterward regned Emperour Lvj yere sex monethes and somme what of dayes that was from the moneth of marche to the firste day of october / In the whiche tyme he regned twelue yere with Antonius and four and fourty yere al one and soo he brought all the worlde in to one principate and lordship ¶ And as the kynges of Rome hadden the name of Iulius Cesar / and were callyd cesares soo they that cam after this octauianus Augustus had the name of hym Augustus Hugo capitulo Augeo This had not that name Augustus only of Augere that is for encreace or make more for he made more & eched the comune pro∣fyte / but for he was born in that moneth Augustus· owther for

For he had th•• vyctory in that moneth of Antonius and of cle¦opatra This augustus was the sone of one Actia Iulius sister doughter Eutropius libro septimo Than augustus the first of his empyre in wreche of Iulius deth exyled the Senatours and chaced brutus and cassius And toke cithero to Antonius paleys in hope of acord cithero was than in lxxij yere ¶Augus¦tinus de ciuitate dei libro tercio capitulo tercio ¶Tullius had fa¦uerd and tendrely kepte octauianus in his yongth ayenste the malyce of Antonius in hope that he sholde helpe moche thempyre and the comune profyte of Rome / Netheles octauianus lete An¦tonius slee tullius cythero as it were by a maner couenaunte of acord Than whan Antonius wold haue kytte of tullius tong for he had wryten moche ayenst him Antonius in blame of him than tullius answerd in metre and sayd. Nought dost thou An¦toni wrytynge shal nedes abyde ¶Eutropius Thanne Octo∣uianus with Antonius slough hem that slough Iulius Cesar. bothe brutus and cassius and grete multitude of other / And af∣terward they deled thempyre bytwene hem / So that Augustus hield spayne gallia and ytaly. and Antonius helde the este lan¦des ¶Valerius libro quarto ¶Porcia the grete catons doughter whan she herde that hir husband Brutus was slaine for she had none egge tole she toke brennynge coles in her mouth / Somme say that ouidius naso the poete was born at pelgius Salustius the aduocate and wryter of storyes dyed at Rome This hadde euer ••nuye to Cythero / he wedded terencia to wyf that Cythero had by dyuorse put from hym & forsaken Therfor cythero made gestes in reproue of salustius ¶Ysidorus libro primo This sa¦lustius was mayster of playes. and put fyrste this l••ttre / K / to t••e latyn lettres for to haue somme dyuersite of sowne bytwene / C / and 9 / Only latyn men vsen this letter K· ¶ Petrus decimo s••ptimo ¶The principate of Iewes fayled and herodes Ascolo¦nita regned in the Iewry six and thyrtty yere / his fader was Antipater of Idumea and his moder was of Arabia ¶Whan Hircanus Aristobolus broder and Antipater / this herodes fader. hadde be frendes and hadden grace of Iulius cesar. as they had∣den bifore of pompeus Hircanus was confermed in the king¦dome of Iewes· but soo that he shold not be callyd kynge And Antipater of Idumea was accused to Iulius of grete fal¦shede / than be shewed openly the wemmes of the four woundes / that he had in egypte therfore Iulius made hym procuratour of

the Iewry Afterward his second sonne herodes that was. af¦terward called ascolonyta for that he repayred the cyte Ascalon / he was made procuratour of galylee whan Antipater was slam by malyce of venym / this herodes had so grete grace of Antonius that of procuratours he made hym and his bretheren four pryn∣ces / Petrus 14 / Atte last this herodes folowed Antonius to Ro¦me and by helpe of him he was declared kynge of the Iewry And crowned. in the capitoyl in presence of themperour Augus∣tus Than this herodes was sente with twey dukes of Rome that sholde put hym in his kyngdome ¶ But Antigonus that occupyed the kingdom of the Iewry in the meane tyme by helpe of the perches he wounded so one of the dukes of Rome / that he¦rodes myght not regne byfore the fourth yere But atte last by helpe of Antonius that▪ was than al Athenes / whan Ierusalē was besieged fyue monethes and vnneth•• taken / herodes was broughte in to his kyngdome the fourth yere of his crownynge And therfor it is that somtyme moo yeres be redde of herodes Petrus This more herodes had nyne wyues & put hem away and wedded one mariammes that was hircanus Ne•••• and ar∣cumcided hym self for hir loue and torned to the sect of the iewes And bygate on hir Alisander and Aristobolus and on desides he bygate Antipater / On metheta he bygate Archelaus. On cleo∣patra he biga•••• philip and herodes antipas that was afterward called tetrarcha one of the four prynces / But this Aristobolus that was herodes sone bygoten on Beronica the doughter of his owne aunt called Saloma / he bygate the grete Agrippa Aristo∣bolus & herodes that was smyten of the Aungel as it is redde in actibus Apostolorum ¶ Also on the forsayd beronica he gate twey doughters mariammes and herodias that was afterward Philippes wyf that was Aristobolus ••ame and vncle / Netheles lyuyng this philip herodyas bycame this herodes wyfe that was Philippes brother / ¶ Atte laste ther fylle stryfe bytwene hir mariammes the more herodes wyf and Saloma hero¦des sister / ¶ And Herodes by counseyl of his sister slough first hircanus the bisshop And afterwarde he slough Ionathas the broder of mariammes that he hadde made bisshop ayenst god∣des lawe in his seuenten yere of age And than he slough his wyf Mariammes and the husbande of his sister Saloma and bare them on hand that they had layne by his sister Saloma

¶ But afterward Herodes for the dethe of Mariammes

fell in to wodenesse as a man that was ofte lunatik that is mad in certayn tymes of the mone and toke agayne his wyf dosides. and hir sone Antipater. And sende Alysaunder and Aristobolus the sonnes of mariamines to Rome for to lerne· But he slough hem afterwarde / Also herodes lefte after him many of his wyse werkes / for he honoured the temple and reparayled Samaria and called it sebasten in worship of cesar / he bylde a temple about the welle of Iordan He fulfylled the byldyng of cesarea in pa∣lestina in worship of cesar He sette an egle of gold that was gre¦te and heuy vpon the yate of the temple that was callyd specio¦sa in worship of the Romayns But the Iewes bare that ful he¦uy & toke it in euyl

¶ Capitulum 44

ANtonius putte from him his wyf Cleopatra cesars sister / and wedded the quene of egypte and yaue hir Arabia By couetyse that women haue she desired to regne in Rome / and by hir counseyll and comforte Antonius moeued a ciuile bata¦ylle ayenst octauianus and was ouercome at actia in grece ¶Petrus visesimo octauo Herodes was not at that batayll / for that tyme Antonius had sente hym ageyne to the kynge of Arabye atte prayer of cleopatra. so that he shold haue his kyng¦dome that were ouercome whether it euer were ¶ Eutropius libro septimo ¶ Antonius whan he was ouercome at Actiū / he sledde in to Egypte / there he slough hym self ffor he had none hope of helpe ne of socour ¶ Cleopatra made hir gay and mette with Augustus entendynge to meoue him to lechery / But she myghte not spede and was put in warde and escaped away and leyd hir self in the graue by hir husband Antonius and dyed by the venym of a naddre that she toke with hir / Afterward E¦gipte fell to thempyre Petrus 78. After this augustus enlarged herodes kingdom for he had wytly prouided for hym what him neded while he was toward egipte / R. Sōme acompte the firste yere of augustus hole kyngdom from this place for aftward he regned al one. Beda su{per} danielē seith so as it semeth· that tyme marc{us} terenci{us} varro dyed that was lxxx yere olde & x. Virgili¦us mar••o the poete of mantua dyed at Brundusium / whan he was aboute fyfty wynter old and was buryed in naples with

such a wrytynge vpon his tombe that he made whan he dyed ow¦the•• ouidius afterward as somme men say Mantua broughte me forth calabres rauessed me / holdeth now percinope / made leefe feldes and leders R ¶ This was wyse and connynge of Phi¦losophye and vsed ofte nigromancy Therfor Al••xandre de na¦turis cerum tellith wonderly of him and sayth that napl••s was greued with a pestylence by blode soukers and virgyl threwe a golden blood souker in to the bottom of a pytte / And many yere after this golden blood souker was take vp oute of the pytte / & anone the cyte was ful of bloode soukers withoute remedye / til the golden blood souker was put in to the pytte agayne / It is al¦so sayd there / th••t one marcell{us} of naples myght not kepe fles••he long withoute appayryng / but virgyl by his wytte ordeyned re∣medye ayenste that meschyef and closed flessh sauered / I not by what vertue of herbes soo that fyue honderd yere the flesshe was founde fressh and of good sauour. Also there it is sayd that vyr∣gyle closed his orcha••d al aboute with ayer in stede of a wal· And he made a brygge of ayer and vsed to go ouer that brydge whan and whyder him lyked / There it is sayde also that he bylde that noble paleys at rome· in the which were sette al the ymages of prouinces and of londes Hugo sayth the same and put••et•• more therto of collosens that ymage of the sonne owther of rom•• Loke more herof in the fyrst book in the chapyter of Rome / Pol libro primo / Me sayth the poete of mantua that is vyrgyl axed of marcellus of napl••s the neuewe of Augustus. wherf••re ••e slough many byrdes and whether hym were leuer be shapen to a byrd to take byrdes owther to a flye to take & slee flyes / he tolde this to his graūtsi•• augustus & by coūseylle of him he chesse to be made a flye that he myght dryue al the flyes oute of naples Herby it semeth that the comune profyt shold be put bifore euery werk / Varrus and tuctu virgyls felawes by commaundement of Augustus amended vyrgyls booke Eneydos· netheles vpon suche a condicion that they shold put no thynge more therto This yere Saynt marie crystys moder is born. hir fader was Ioa¦chim of the lygnage of Iuda and hir moder was anna Isachars doughter of the lygnage of leuy ¶ R ¶ Here take heede as Ierom sayth that ••nna and emerea were twey sustres ¶ Of Emerea cam Elyzabeth Iohan baptiste moder ¶ Also Anna was firste wedded to Ioachym and had by hym marye Cristes moder / ¶ And she was afterwarde wedded to cleophas and

had by hym marye cleophe that was wedded to alphens and of hem come Iacobus minor / the lasse Iames called Alpheus / And Symon cananeus Iudas thaddeus and Ioseph otherwise callyd barsabas but in historia ecclesiastica Eusebius libro. 2 ca 2 Seyth that Iacobus minor the lasse Iames was cleped our lor¦des broder / for he was the sonne of Ioseph the spouse of marie But that is not comynly holden Also Anna was wedded to Salome and had by hym marye salome that was wedded to Ze¦bedeus and had by hym the more Iames & Iohan Euangelist The fyrst marye that was cristes moder was wedded to Ioseph the forsayde cleophas broder Gaufr and Alfr ¶ Kinbe••••nus tenancius sonne regned in Brytayne and gate twey sonnes gui¦derius and aruyragus Oracius flactus and Satiricus seuen & fyfty yere olde dyed at Rome the xxxvj yere of themperour au¦gustus and the xiiij yere of Augustus marcus / Porcius Cato Latinus that was declamator a grete doctor and Seneca the philosophres felawe slough hym self for noy. & sorowe of a dou¦ble quarteyne ¶Marianus libro secundo In the one and fourty yere of Augustus in the seuenth moneth that is september in the enleuēth day of the mone the xxiiij day of september on a thurs¦day Iohan baptist was conceyued and there after two honderd dayes lxxv on a fryday he was born And soo he went bifore crist in his conceyuyng in his byrth in his baptisinge in his pre∣chyng and in his dyeng / for he must wane and crist must waxe and encrease· For a woman goth with childe from the concepcion to the byrth two honderd dayes lxxvj / soo many dayes crist had in his moders wombe· though not alle women goo so longe with child as seynt Austyn meaneth de ciuitate dei libro quarto capi∣tulo quinto. But Iohan had twey dayes lasse in his moders wombe ¶ Also Iohan was born whan the day bygan to shor¦ten or wane And crist whan the day bigan to waxe long Also Iohan was buryed without hede & in crist was no bone broken

¶ Explicit liber tercius