A boke of the propreties of herbes called an herball wherunto is added the time [the] herbes, floures and sedes shold be gathered to be kept the whole yere, wyth the vertue of [the] herbes when they are stilled. Also a generall rule of all maner of herbes drawen out of an auncyent booke of phisyck by W.C.

¶De virtutibus herbarum e•• primo de littera .A. (Book A)

¶Agnus castus.

THys herbe Ag∣nus castus that men do cal Tut¦sayne, and other wyse Parke le∣ues, this hath le¦ues somdel red lyke vnto the leues of Orage, and thys herbe hath se∣nowes on hys leues as hath Plan¦••ayne, and it hath yelowe flowers & bereth blacke beris & it groweth in dry wodes, y^t vertu of this herbe is, it wyl kepe men & women chast For as Discolidion & Placens do say, this herbe is called Agnus ca∣stus for y^e knowledge & the vse of thys herbe maketh men chast, and thys herbe wyll open the pores of man and let out wycked humou••s and sprytes of his body, this herbe

destroyeth the moysture of mānes fede. Also y^e same auctor sayth that yf thys be sodē with Fenel, in Asel it is good to destroy y^e dropsi. Also if this herbe be sodē with smalage, and Sage, in salt water, and after¦warde the hynder parte of a man∣nes hed be well wasshed ••herwyth it heleth it and vnbyndeth an euyl that is called Lytargy. Also thys herbe destroyeth the foule luste of Lechery and it be dronk••n, or yf it be borne a bout hym, therfore som¦tyme they do eat it rosted, bycause it shall kepe them chast, for yf this herbe be eaten rawe, it wil engēder head ache. Thys he••be is good to defie the hardnes and stoppyng of the Mylte. Also a playster of thys herbe is good to do awaye ache of a mannes heed, that is engendred of wycked humours. Thys herbe is hote & drye in the seconde degre.

☞Apium.

This herbe Apium, is a herbe that mē do cal Smalage, or stāmarche, the vertue of this herbe is this. It wyll make a man to pysse, & opyn the stoppinge of the lyuer, also the sede of the herbe hardneth a man∣nes wombes, and it draweth wyc∣ked humours of a mannes bodye vnto the head & to y^e stomake and the wombe, and therfore it noyeth them that haue the fallinge euyl, & to women that be with chylde, for whan it draweth suche humours to the wombe and engendreth that be the cause of pestilence, and ther∣fore it is cōmaunded of leches that women that be with chylde & they that kepe suckynge chyldrē shulde nat eat nor drinke of this herbe for dred of y^t fallyng euyl, for it is hote and drye, & there be speces therof, y^• ioye is good for colde playsters tempered with flower, and for scal¦ding, this herbe is hote in y^e .i. degre

¶Anetum.

☞This herbe Anetum that men do call Anete otherwyse Dyl, thys herbe hath leues lyke to Fenel but the sede is somdel brode as Orage sede is, the vertue of thys herbe is thus. It wil make a man pysse, al∣so it swageth rumblinge in a man¦nes wombe, and wycked wyndes in the wombe, also it distroyeth the vexinge, the sede of this herbe brēt and layde vpon a woūde it heleth soone & namely yf a mā be scalded in hys membres or on hys yarde, strowe the powder therof & it shall hele, or what maner of euil that ri∣seth in a mannes yarde it shalbe hole in the same maner, a playster made with the same pouder, & she∣pes talow and blacke sope, is good for y^e Emaraude this herbe is hote and drye in the seconde degre.

¶Apiume risus.

This herbe Apiume risus is cal∣led

Cerfoy or Che••uile, the vertue of thys herbe is and it be dronken wyth wyne it shall make a man to pysse well and it delyuereth a man of ache in the rayne & in the blad∣der, and it be dronken with wyne it letteth out and vnbyndeth the wic¦ked wyndes and vnsloppethe the wombe and the lyuer of all maner wodnes. Thys herbe with holdeth castyng. Also a plaister made with this herbe tempered with Aisel de∣stroyeth wylde fyre and heleth the Canker and al other woūdes, thys herbe is one of the Smalaches, & it is hote and dry.

¶Absynthium.

☞Thys herbe is called Worme∣wode. The vertue of this herbe is. It is good to comforte the her••e & clēseth the stomake. Balien sayeth that the herbe hath .ii. vertues one is laxatyue, and the other is cōsty∣pulatyue. Therfore Galien sayeth

that if thys Herbe be geuen to an euyl, of the which the matter is not fully defyed, it shall harde the sto∣make, and let the d••gestion, and yf the matter be ryped, it shal make a man laxayue, and esily put away the matter, if this herbe be dronke with Spyconarde, it swageth the stomake and of the wombe that is engēdred of wycked wyndes. Also if this herbe be tēpered wyth hony it wyll ease the swellyng in a man¦nes mouthe. Also it doeth awaye the blacke myste in a mann••s eyes and clereth the syghte, and yf thys herbe be powned wyth the gal of a Bull and afterwarde putte into a mannes eyes, it putteth awaye all maner impedymētes of the syghte.

Arthamesia.

Thys herbe is called Mug∣worte, the vertue of thys herbe is this. If a mā bere this herbe about hym he shal not be wery of traue∣lynge

in hys way, also if thys her∣be be powned wyth talowe, it hea∣leth the sornes of a mānes fete and a kynge also. And if it be within a house, there shall no wycked spy∣ryte abyde. Also if this herbe be stamped and tempered wyth run∣nynge water it healeth the akynge of a mannes guttes & many other euylles, thys herbe is hote and dry in the seconde degre.

Affodylius.

Thys herbe is called Affodyl, The vertue of this herbe is that y^e leues ben good to hele the dropsy, and the leues of y^e flowers begood to be dronken to hele venim of wic¦ked bestes, also the ioyce of this her¦be and Myrre, and Saffron tem∣pered togyther in whyte wyne & a lytell boyled ouer the fyer & clen∣sed thoroughe a clothe is good to hele rinnynge eyes, also the rote of this herbe brēt to powder, is good

to heale sore eares and restore thē agayne, also take an harde cloth y^t is roughe and wete it in the ioyce of the herbe, and rubbe the mor∣phewe therwith syttinge againste the soone and it shal do awaye the morphewe, thys herbe is hote and drye in the seconde degre.

Aristologia longa.

Thys herbe men do cal it Red mader, the vertue of thys herbe is thus. It wyll vnbynde the stop∣pyng of the lyuer & let passe wyc∣ked wyndes that be stopped wyth in mannes body, also if it be dron¦ken with wine it clenseth and pur∣geth al men of al maner of venym that is in a mannes body. Also it clenseth and purgeth all maner of dyseases that be roted within and wythout in the vaynes, and in the teath, that ben rotten. Thys herbe is hote and drye, and it muste be gathered in herueste, there be two

speces therof.

Aristologia rotunda.

Thys herbe aristologia rotun¦da men do call it Galingale meke, the vertue of this herbe is thus as Apocras dothe saye, yf the sayde herbe be dronken wyth hote water then it is medicinable and curable for those men that bestoppped in the breast, and for the swellynge euyl, and for the Podagar, and for the Cramp••, thys herbe is hote & drye and it must be gathered in haruest and it is a spece of the reed Mad∣der.

¶Abrotanum.

This herbe abrotanum mē cal it Sothernewode. The vertue of this herbe is thus, y^t yf they breake the sede and drynke it wyth water it healeth mē that haue ben bytten with any venemous beaste. Also thys herbe destroyeth wormes in a mannes wōbe, also pouder of this

herbe medled wyth barly mele vn∣byndeth and breketh harde postu∣mes, also thys herbe brente and the asshes medlyd wyth oyle, it resto∣reth there as man lacketh here, this herbe is hote and drye.

¶Ameos.

¶Thys herbe Ameos hath leues lyke vnto Eldren, but they be lesse and the sede is lyke persly sede, the vertu of thys herbe is thus, if it be tempered with honye it sle••th wor∣mes that be in a mānes bodye, and it vnbindeth the greate stoppynge of windes, and it breketh the stone, and it chafeth a mannes stomake that is colde, it chafeth the lyuer & the raynes, and it heleth woundes and the bytynge of venemous be∣stes, this herbe is hote and drye.

¶Alleluya.

Thys herbe Alleluya men cal it wodsore or s••ub worte, this herbe hath thre leues of the whiche two

be rounde a lytle departed aboue, and it hathe a whyte flower, but it hath no longe stalkes, & it is wyn∣sore, and it is lyke .iii. leued grasse the vertue of this herbe is thus. If it be rosted in the asshes in, Reed docke leues, or in reed worte leues, it freteth awaye deade flesshe of A wounde, this herbe groweth mu∣che in woodes.

¶Asterion.

☞Thys herbe Asterion groweth amonge stones and in hyghe pla∣ces, this herbe sheweth by nyght, thys herbe hathe yelowe flowers hole and rounde as a Kockebel, or els lyke to Foxegloues, the leues of thys herbe be round, and blewe, & they haue the marke of the mone in the myddest, as it were .iii. leued grasse, but y^e leues therof be more and they be rounde as a peny, and the stalke of this herbe is reed and this herbe semeth as it wer muske

and the ioyce therof is yelow. And thys herbe growethe in the newe moone without lefe and euery day spryngeth a new lefe to the ende of xv. days, and after .xv. dayes it lo∣seth euery day a lefe as the moone waneth, and it spryngeth and wa∣neth as doth the moone, and where y^• it groweth there groweth greate quātyte. The vertue of thys herpe is thus, they that eate of the berys or of the herbe in wanynge of the moone whan he is in sygno virgi∣nes, yf he haue the fallyng euill he shalbe hole therof, or if he bere this herbe boute hys necke he shalbe holpen without doubt, and it hath many other good vertues.

¶Agrimonia.

❧ This herbe Agrimonia mē cal it Egrymonye. The vertue of this herbe is thus, & it be eatē the herbe and the roote grene, it healeth the akynge of the wombe. Also yf the

herbe be dryed and poūned to pou∣der•• & drōke with water it is good for the same euyll, also the sayde herbe tēpered with Aysell is good to hele a wounde that is hurt wyth yron, also this herbe vsed in metes is good to hele the akynge of sores in the mylte & it is good for Trey∣tes.

☞Auencia.

This auencia is called Auen, the vertue of this herbe is thus yf it be dryed and pouder made ther∣of wyth wyte wyne warmed or els luke warme water & gyue it to thē that hath the feuers, & it shal helpe him much and ease him, also it he∣leth woundes & Cankers yf it be dronken.

Altea.

Thys herbe is called holy hoc∣ke or the wylde malowe, the ver∣tue of thys herbe is thus, take and stampe it & frye it with shepes ta∣lowe

and make a plaister and laye it to a podagar mā, & it shal helpe hym within thre dayes by expery∣mente al auctours do saye and af∣fyrme that thys herbe soden wyth Uineger and Linsede. and a play∣ster made therof & layde to the side of any person, it departed and hel∣peth wycked gatherynges that be engendred in a mannes body, thys herbe groweth in gardens & moist places.

¶Amarisca.

☞This herbe is colled Dogge fenel, or Maithē, this herbe is mu∣che lyke to Camamyle for it hathe a white flower as Camamyle, but it stinketh, the vertue of this herbe is good to drynke the ioyce therof for to hele the Canker and the py∣pes of the Emeraudes, and there be .ii. speces therof, the one hathe a white flower, & the other hath a ye∣lowe flower, & it groweth in corne.

¶Auticula muris.

Thys herbe is called Mousere The vertue of this herbe is, yf it be dronken it helpeth the Quinsy, also the ioyce is good to hele al ma¦ner of woundes.

☞Apium Emoroidarum.

This herbe is called crowfote thys herbe hath leues departed as it were Rāmes fete, thys herbe ha∣the a longe stalke in the myddes, & groweth in watery places, & hathe yelowe flowres.

Apium ranarum.

Thys herbe Apium ranarum that men call water crowfote, thys herbe hath yelow flowres as hath crowefote and of the same shape, but the leues are more departed, & it hath a longe stalke, and out of that one stalke groweth many stal¦kes small by the sydes, thys herbe groweth in watery places.

Triplex domestica.

Thys herbe Atriplex domestica, men call it Orage, or medolious.

Anabulla.

Thys h••rbe Anabulla men call Spourge.

Acus demonis.

Thys herbe Acus demonis is an herbe that men call Poukenel.

Argentilla.

This herbe Argentilla that mē cal Argentyl, thys herbe hath litel leues somdele rounde, and wythin they be ragged, as it were y^e leues of Eufra••y, and it growith moche amonge whete, and ther be .ii. spe∣ces therof, the more and the lesse.

Acus mustela.

Thys herbe Acus mustela is called Groundeswelye, it is good for playsters.

Allium.

Thys herbe Allium is called Garleke, the vertue of thys herbe is this. It wyl vnbinde all wicked

wyndes wythin a mannes bodye, and it helpeth a man to make wa∣ter, but it noyeth a mannes eyes, bycause of the great byndyng and drynkynge, he that hath voluptu∣osly it drinketh and destroyeth the syght, and it destroyeth and heleth venim within aman. Also it heleth all colde sores as it were tryacle. Also it heleth the scabbes and mor¦phewes or bladders in what ma∣ner place they be in a mānes body, so that it be well froted therwyth, thys herbe is hote and drye.

Amsum.

Thys herbe is called anise, the vertue of thys herbe is this, it vn∣byndeth the stoppyng of the liuer, and of wicked wyndes, & of greate humoures and encloseth the milte, also it stereth a man to make wa∣ter and to swete, also this herbe ma¦keth a mannes wombe laxatyue if it be to harde and the sede must be

parched or rosted in al maner me∣decynes, that it wyll worke the ra∣ther, thys herbe is hote and drye.