The vnion of the two noble and illustre famelies of Lancastre [and] Yorke, beeyng long in continual discension for the croune of this noble realme with all the actes done in bothe the tymes of the princes, bothe of the one linage and of the other, beginnyng at the tyme of kyng Henry the fowerth, the first aucthor of this deuision, and so successiuely proceadyng to the reigne of the high and prudent prince kyng Henry the eight, the vndubitate flower and very heire of both the sayd linages.

¶The triumphaunt reigne of Kyng Henry the .VIII.

NOVV,* 1.1 after the death of this noble Prince, Henry the .VIII. sonne to Kyng Henry the .VII. beganne his reigne the .xxii. daie of Aprill, in the yere of our Lorde .1509. and in the .xviii. yere of his bodily age: Maxi∣milian then beeyng Emperoure, and Lewes the .xii. reignyng in Fraunce. And Fernando beeyng the Kyng of Arragon and Castell, and Kyng Ia∣mes the fourthe then rulyng ouer the Scottes: Whose stile was Proclai∣med by the blast of a Trumpet, in the citie of London, the .xxiii. daie of thesaied monethe, with muche gladnes and reioysyng of the people.

And thesame day, he departed from his manour of Richemond to the tower of London, where he remained, closly and secrete, with his coun∣saill, till the funeralles of his father, were finished and ended. Thesame daie also,* 1.2 six Richard Empson knight, and Edmonde Dudley Esquier, greate counsailers to the late kyng, were attached and brought to the Tower, not to the litle reioysyng of many persones, whiche, by them wer greued, whiche: attachement was thought to bee procured by malice of theim, that with their authoritie, in the late kynges daies wer offended, or els to shifte the noyse, of the straight execucion of penall statu•••••• in the late kynges daies, by punishement of those persones, and other ••••∣moters, for to satisfie and appeace the people. Thesame daie also wa•• attached, the lorde Henry Stafford, brother to the duke of Buckyngh•• and sent to the Tower, the cause was not thought to be great, because he was so sone deliuered, & thesame yere was created erle of Wilshire. And thesame daie also, Doctor Ruthall was named Bushoppe of Dures••••••.

Sone after were apprehended diuerse, called promoters, belongyng to Empson and Dudley▪ as Canby▪ Page, Smith, and diuerse other, as Derbie, Wright, Sympson, and Stocton, of the whiche, the moste part ware papers, and stoode on the Pillorie. How bee it, the moste craftiest knaue of all, called Ihon Baptist Brimald, escaped and came to West∣minster, and there toke Sanctuarie.

The .xxv. daie of Aprill was Proclaimed,* 1.3 that the kynges grace ra∣tefied all the Pardones, graunted by his father, and also pardoned all suche persones, as was then in suite, for any offence, what soeuer it was, Treason, Murder, and ••••onie onely excepte.

After that all thynges necessary, for the interment and funerall pōpe of the late kyng, were sumpteously prepared and done: the corps of the said defunct, was brought out of his priuie chambre, into the great chā∣ber, wher he rested thre daies, and euery daie had there Dirige & Masse song by a Prelate mitered: and from thence he was conueighed into the halle, where he was also three daies, and had like seruice there, and so thre daies in the Chapell, and in euery of these thre places, was a hearce of waxe, garnished with banners, and .ix. mourners geuyng there atten∣dance, all the seruice tyme: and euery daie thei offered, and euery place chaunged with blacke clothe. Upon Wedinsdaie, the .ix. daie of Maie, the corps was putte into a Chariot, couered with blacke clothe of golde drawen with .v. greate Corsers, couered with blacke Ueluet, garnished with cusshions of fine gold: and ouer the corps, was an Image or a re∣presentacion of the late kyng, laied on Cusshions of golde, and thesaied image was appareled, in the kynges riche robes of estate, with a croune on the hed, and ball and scepter in the handes: and the chariot was gar∣nished with banners, and Pēcelles of tharmes of his dominions, titles and geanealogies. When the chariot was thusordered, the kinges cha∣pell, and a great nombre of Prelates, set forward praiyng: then folowed all the kynges seruauntes, in blacke, then folowed the Chariot: and af∣ter the Chariot .ix. mourners, and on euery side wer caried long torches and shorte, to the nombre of .vi.C. and in this ordre thei came to saincte Georges felde, from Richemond. There met with theim, all the Priestes and Clearkes, and religious men, within the citee, and without (whiche went formoste, before the kynges Chapell) the Maior and his brethren, with many commoners, all clothed in blacke, met with the corps at Lō∣don Bridge, and so gaue their attendaūce on thesame, through the citee: and in good ordre, the compaignie passed through the citie, whereof the stretes on euery side, wer set with long Torches, and on the stalles stode young children, holdyng tapers, and so with greate reuerence, the Cha∣riot was brought to the Cathedrall Churche of sainct Paule, where the body was taken out, and caried into the Quire, and set vnder a goodly Herce of waxe, garnished with Banners, Pencelles, & Cusshions, where was soung a solempne Dirige, and a Masse, with a Sermon, made by the Busshoppe of Rochester: duryng whiche tyme, the kynges houshold and the mourners, reposed theim in the Busshoppes Paleis. The nexte daie, the corps in like ordre was remoued, toward Westminster, sir Ed∣ward Haward, bearyng the kynges banner, on a courser trapped, in the armes of the defunct. In Westminster was a curious herse, made of .ix. principalles, full of lightes, whiche, were lighted at the commyng of the corps, whiche, was taken out of the Chariot, by sixe Lordes, and set vn∣der the Herse, the Image or the representacion, liyng vpon the Cusshyn on a large palle of golde. The herse was double railed: within the firste railes, satte the mourners, and within the seconde raile, stoode knightes 〈◊〉〈◊〉 banners of sainctes, and without thesame, stoode officers of ar∣mes.

When the mourners were set, Gartier kyng at Armes, cried, for the soule of the noble prince kyng Henry the .VII. late kyng of this realme: then the quire beganne Placebo, and so song Dirige, whiche, beyng fini∣shed, the mourners departed into the Palaice, where thei had a voyde, and so reposed for that night.

The next daie, wer three Masses solemply song, by Busshoppes, and at the last Masse was offered, the kynges banner and courser, his coate of armes, his sworde, his target, and his helme, and at thende of Masse the mourners offered vp, riche Paulles of cloth of gold and Baudekin, and when the quire sang, Libera me, the body was put into the yearthe, and then the lorde Treasorer, lorde Stewarde, lorde Chamberlein, the Treasorer, and Comptroler of the kynges houshold, brake their staues and caste theim into the graue. Then Gartier cried with a loude voyce, Viue le Roy Henry le hu••esme, Roy Dangliter, & de Fraunce, sire Dirland. Then all the mourners, and all other that had geuen their attendance, on this funerall Obsequie, departed to the Palaice, where thei had a greate and a sumptuous feast.

Wonder it were to write, of the lamentacion that was made, for this Prince emongest his seruauntes, and other of the wisest sort, and the ioy that was made for his death, by suche as were troubled, by ••igor of his lawe: yet the towarde hope, whiche, in all poyntes appered, in the young kyng did bothe repaire and comforte, the heuie hartes of them, whiche, had lost so wise and sage a prince: and also did put out of the myndes of suche, as were releued by thesaied kynges deathe, all their olde grudge and rancor, and confirmed their newe ioye, by the newe graunte of his pardon.

When the funeralles of this late kyng, wer thus honorably finished, greate preparacion was made, for the coronaciō of this new kyng whi∣che was appoynted on Midsomer daie nexte ensuyng: duryng whiche preparacion, the kyng was moued, by some of his coūsail, that it should be honorable▪ and profitable to his realme,* 1.4 to take to wife the lady Ka∣therin, late wife to Prince Arthur his brother disseased, least she hauyng so greate a dowrie, might mary out of the realme, whiche, should be vn∣profitable to hym: by reason of whiche mocion, the kyng beyng young, and not vnderstandyng the lawe of God, espous••d thesaied lady Kathe∣rine, the third daie of Iune, the whiche mariage, was dispensed with by Pope Iuly, at the request of her father, kyng Farnando, contrary to the opinion of all the Cardinals of Rome, beyng diuines. This mariage of the brothers wife, was muche murmured against, in the beginnyng, and euer more and more, searched out by learnyng and scripture, so that at the laste, by the determinacion, of the best vniuersities of Christendō, it was adiudged detestable, and plain contrary to Goddes lawe, as you shall here, after .xx. yeres.

If I should declare, what pain, labour, and diligence, the Taylers, Embrouderers, and Golde Smithes tooke, bothe to make and deuise

garmentes, for Lordes, Ladies, Knightes, and Esquires, and also for deckyng, trappyng, and adornyng of Coursers, Ienetes, and Palffreis, it wer to long to rehersse, but for a suretie, more riche, nor more straunge nor more curious workes, hath not been seen, then wer prepared against this coronacion.

On the .xxj. daie of this moneth of Iune, the kyng came from Grene∣wiche to the Tower, ouer London Bridge, and so by Grace Churche, with whom, came many a well appareled gentleman, but in especiall the Duke of Buckyngham, whiche, had a goune all of goldsmithes worke, very costly, and there the kyng rested, till Saterdaie next ensuyng.

Fridaie the twentie and twoo daie of Iune, euery thyng beeyng in a ••eadines, for his Coronacion: his grace with the Quene, beeyng in the Tower of London, made there Knightes of the Bathe, to the nombre of twentie and foure, with all the obseruaunces and Ceremonies, to the∣same belongyng.

And the morowe folowyng, beyng Saterdaie, the .xxiii. day of thesaid monethe, his grace, with the Quene, departed from the Tower, through the citie of London, against whose cōmyng, the streates where his grace should passe, were hanged with Tapistrie, and clothe of Arras. And the greate parte, of the Southe side of Chepe, with clothe of gold, and some parte of Cornehill also. And the streates railed and barred, on the one side, from ouer against Grace Churche, vnto Bredstreate, in Chepeside, where euery occupacion stode, in their liueries in ordre, beginnyng with base and meane occupacions, and so assendyng to the worshipfull craf∣tes: highest and lastly stode the Maior, with the Aldermen. The Gold∣smithes stalles, vnto the ende of the Olde Chaunge, beeyng replenished with Uirgins in white, with braunches of white Waxe: the priestes and clerkes, in riche Copes▪ with Crosses and censers of siluer, with censyng his grace, and the Quene also, as thei passed. The features of his body, his goodly personage, his amiable visage, princely countenaunce, with the noble qualities of his royall estate, to euery man knowen, nedeth no rehersall, consideryng, that for lacke of cunnyng, I cannot expresse the giftes of grace and of nature, that God hath endowed hym with all: yet partly, to discriue his apparell, it is to bee noted, his grace ware in his vpperst apparell, a robe of Crimosyn Ueluet, furred with Armyns, his iacket or cote of raised gold, the placard embrowdered with Diamōdes Rubies, Emeraudes, greate Pearles, and other riche Stones, a greate Bauderike aboute his necke, of greate Balasses. The Trapper of his Horse▪ Damaske gold, with a depe purfell of Armyns, his knightes and Esquires for his body, in Crimosyn Ueluet, and all the gentlemen, with other of his chappell, and all his officers, and houshold seruauntes, wer appareled in Skarlet. The Barons of the fiue Portes, bare the Cana∣by, or clothe of estate: For to resite vnto you, the greate estates by name, the ordre of their goyng, the nombre of the lordes Spirituall and tem∣porall▪ Knightes, Esquires, and Gentlemen, and of their costly and rich

apparell, of seuerall deuises and fashions, who tooke vp his horse best, or who was richest besene, it would aske long tyme, and yet I should o∣mitte many thynges, and faile of the nombre, for thei were verie many: wherefore I passe ouer, but this I dare well saie, there was no lacke or scarsitie of clothe of Tissue, clothe of Golde, clothe of Siluer, Broderie, or of Golde smithes workes: but in more plentie and abundaunce, then hath been seen, or redde of at any tyme before, and thereto many and a greate nombre of chaines of Golde, and Bauderikes, bothe massy and greate. Also before the kynges highnes, rode twoo gentle menne▪ richely appareled, and aboute their bodies trauers, thei did beare twoo Robes, the one of the Duchie of Guyon, and the other for the Duchie of Nor∣mandie, with Hattes on their heddes, poudered with Armyns, for the estate of thesame. Nexte folowed twoo persones of good estate, the one bearyng his cloke, the other his hatte, appareled bothe in Golde Smi∣thes woorke, and Broudery, their horses Trapped, in burned Siluer, drawen ouer with Cordes of Grene silke and Gold, the edges and bor∣ders of their apparell, beyng fretted with Gold of Damaske. After them came six Thomas Brandon, Master of the kynges Horse, clothed in tis∣sue, Broudered with Roses of fine Gold, and trauerse his body, a greate Bauderike of Gold, greate and massy, his Horse trapped in Golde, lea∣dyng by a rayne of Silke, the kynges spare Horse, trapped barde wise, with harneis Broudered with Bullion Golde, curiously wroughte by Golde Smithes. Then nexte folowed, the nyne children of honor, vpon greate coursers, appareled on their bodies, in Blewe Ueluet, poudered with Floure Delices of Gold, and chaines of Golde Smithes woorke, euery one of their horses, trapped with a trapper of the kynges title, as of Englande, and Fraunce, Gascoyne, Guyan, Normandy, Angeow, Cornewall, Wa••es, Irelande, &c. wrought vpon Ueluettes, with Em∣brouderie, and Gold Smithes worke.

Then next folowyng in ordre, came the Quenes retinew, as Lordes, Knightes, Esquires, and gentle menne in their degrees, well mounted, and richely appareled in Tissues, clothe of Golde, of Siluer, Tynsels, and Ueluettes Embroudered, freshe and goodly to behold. The Quene then by name Katheryne, sittyng in her Litter, borne by twoo White Palfreis, the Litter couered, and richely appareled, and the Palfreis Trapped in White clothe of gold, her persone appareled in white Sa∣tyn Embrodered, her heire hangyng doune to her backe, of a very great length, bewtefull and goodly to behold, and on her hedde a Coronall, set with many riche orient stones. Next after, sixe honorable personages on White Palfreis, all appareled in Clothe of Golde, and then a Chariot couered, and the Ladies therein, all appareled in Clothe of Golde. And another sort of Ladies, and then another Chariot, then the Ladies next the Chariot, and so in ordre, euery after their degrees, in clothe of Gold, Clothe of Siluer, Tynselles, and Ueluet, with Embrouderies, euery couplement of thesaied Chariotes, and the draught harnesse, wer pou∣dered

with Armins, mixt with clothe of Gold: and with muche ioye and honor, came to Westminster, where was high preparacion made, aswell for thesaied Coronacion, as also for the solempne feast and Iustes, ther∣vpon to be had and doen.

The morowe folowyng beyng sondaie, and also Midsomer daie, this noble prince with his Quene, at time conuenient, vnder their Canabies borne by the Barons of the fiue Portes, went from thesaied Palaice, to Westminster Abbey vpon clothe, called vulgarly cloth of Ray, the whi∣che clothe was cut and spoyled, by the rude and common people, imme∣diatly after their repaire into the Abbey, where, accordyng to the sacred obseruaunce, and auncient custome, his grace with the Quene, were an∣noynted and crouned, by the Archebusshop of Cantorbury, with other prelates of the realme there present, and the nobilitie, with a greate ••ul∣titude of Commons of thesame. It was demaunded of the people, whe∣ther thei would receiue, obey, and take thesame moste noble Prince, for their kyng, who with greate reuerence, loue, and desire, saied and cried, ye ye. After the whiche solempnitie, and Coronacion finished, the lordes spirituall and tēporall, did to hym homage, and returned to Westmin∣ster hall, with the Quenes grace, euery one vnd••r their canabies, where, by the lorde Marshall, and his tipped staues, was made rome▪ and eue∣ry lord, and other noble men, accordyng to their tenures, be••ore claimed and vewed, seen, and allowed by the lordes, and other of his graces coū∣saill, entred into suche rome and office that daie, to execute their seruices accordyngly. The kynges estate on the right hand, and the Quenes on the left hand, the cobard of .ix. stages, their noble personages beyng set: first, at the bryngyng of the first course, the trump••ttes blew vp. And in came the Duke of Buckyngham, mounted vpon a greate courser, riche∣ly trapped, and enbroudered, and the lorde Stewarde, in likewise on an horse, trapped in clothe of Golde, ••idyng before the seruice, whiche was sumpteous, with many subtleties, straunge deuises, with seuerall poses, and many deintie dishes. At the kynges fete, vnder the table, wer certain gentlemen. And in likewise with the quene, who there continued, during that long & royall feast. What should I speake or write, of the sūpteous fine, and delicate meates, prepared for this high and honorable corona∣ciō, prouided for aswel in the parties beyond the sea, as in many and ••ū∣dery places, within this realme, where God so abūdantly hath sent suche plentie and foyson? Or of the honorable ordre of the seruices, the cleane handelyng & breakyng of meates, the ordryng of the dishes, with the plē¦tifull abundaunce. So that none of any estate beeyng there, did lacke, nor no honorable or worshipfull persone, went vnfeasted. The seconde course beyng serued: in at the haule doore entered a knight, armed at all poyntes▪ his bases rich tissue embroudered, a great plume & as sūpteous of Oistriche fethers on his helmet, sittyng on a great courser▪ trapped in tissue, and embroudered with tharmes of England, and of Fraunce, and an herauld of armes before hym. And passyng through the halle, presē∣ted

hymself with humble reuerence, before the kynges maiestie, to whō, Garter kyng of herauldes, cried and said with a loude voyce, sir knight from whēce come you, and what is your pretence? This knightes name was sir Robert Dimmocke, Champ••on to the kyng, by tenure of his en∣heritaunce, who answered thesaied kyng of Armes, in effecte after this maner: Sir, the place that I come form, is not materiall, nor the cause of my repaire hether, is not concernyng any matter, of any place or coū∣trey, but onely this. And there with all, commaunded his Heraulde to make an Oyes: then saied the knight, to the kyng of armes, now shal ye here, the cause of my commyng and pretence. Then he commaunded his awne Herauld, by Proclamacion to saie: if there be any persone, of what estate or degree: soeuer he be, that 〈◊〉〈◊〉 saie or proue, that kyng Henry the eight, is not the rightfull enheritor, and kyng of this realme, I sir Wil∣liam Dimmoke here his Champion, offre my gloue, to fight in his que∣rell with any persone to thutteraunce, whiche Proclamacion was made in sundery places of the halle: And at euery tyme, his gaun••lette caste doune, in the maintenaunce therof. After whiche seuerall proclamaciōs doen, and offers made, thesaid knight or champion, eftsones repaired to the kynges presence, demaundyng drinke, to whō the kynges grace sent a cup of gold, with wine, wherof after this knight had drōke▪ he demaū∣ded the couer of thesaied cuppe, whiche, to hym was also deliuered: that doen, he departed out of the halle, with thelaid cup & couer, as his awne

The maner of his tenure is this, that at the Coronacion of the kyng, he shall go to the armarie, and there take the kynges best harneis, saue one, the best and rich bases sauyng one, then of the plumes, or other thyn¦ges, for the garnishyng of his creast or helme, and so to the stable▪ there taking the next courser or horse, to the best, with like trapper▪ and so ••ur∣nished, to enter vt supra, and his office dooen, to haue all these thynges, with the Cuppe of Gold and couer, to his awne vse.

After the departure of thesaied Champion, the Kyng of Armes, with all the Herauldes, and other officers of Armes made Pl••clamacions in seuerall places of the halle, criyng largesse. Briefly to passe ouer, this high and long solempnitie, of this honorable Coronaciō and feast, more honorable then of the great Cesar, whō, many Historiographers, so high set out and magnified, if the Latins of Englande, were not promoted or auaunsed, to dignities and promocions, onlesse thei firste should (as o∣ther poore clerkes, in the parties beyond the sea, exalte and set furthe the ••estes & Chronicles, of their natiue countreys, with high laude & praise and in some parte more then truth, for small mede or reward doo) put in writyng, either in Englishe or Latin tongue, the noble triūphes, chiual∣rous feates, valiant actes, victorious battailes, & other noble Iestes of this realme, & in especiall of our tyme & knowlege, of this moste valiant and goodly prince, it should appere muche more honorable, then any o∣ther stories: But promocion and benefices, putte awaie laboure and payne, albeit the greate parte of theim will saie, that the high Cure

and charge is to edifie the people, with the word of God, takyng cure of the soules: there against I will not replie, but no displeasure▪ I perceiue that thei take as greate cure, for the profite of their pursses, with plea∣sure of huntyng and haukyng, besides other their pastymes, after thei come to the best of their promocion, with small kepyng of hospitalitie: as other whiche were their predecessors, and muche worse, so that parte of their pastymes spent in writyng, and settyng furthe the iestes, actes and deedes, of the nobilitie of Englande, with the manyfold commodi∣ties of thesame▪ should muche ennoble the princes thereof, seyng by dai∣ly experience, Busshoppes, Archebusshoppes, Abbottes, and other clar∣kes, in the parties beyonde the sea, aswell learned, as of high knowlege, and better linage, and as verteous as thei, daily enforce theimselfes, to auaunce their Princes, their Realmes, and natiue Countreis, aswell in Latin, as in their vulgare toungue. But to returne to thende of this ho∣norable feast, the tables auoyded, the wafers were brought. Then Sir Stephen Ieny••s, that tyme Maior of London, whom, the kyng before he satte doune to dynner, had dubbed knight, whiche, beganne the Erles Table that daie, a rose from the place where he satte, to serue the Kyng with Ipocras, in a Cuppe of Golde, whiche Cuppe, after his grace had dronken therof, was with the couer, geuē vnto thesaid sir Stephen, like as other his predecessors, Maiors o•• thesaied citie, were wont to haue at the Coronacion of the kyng. Then after the Surnap laied, and that the kynges grace, b••the Quene had wasshed, euery of them vnder their Clo∣thes of estate, the tables beyng auoyded, went vnto their cambers.

For the more honor▪ and ennoblyng of this triumphaunt Coronaciō, there were prepared, bothe Iustes and Turneis, to be dooen in the Pa∣laice of Westminster, where, for the kynges grace, and the Quene, was framed a faire house, couered with Tapissarie, and hanged with riche clothes of Arrais, and in thesaied Palaice, was made a curious Foun∣tain, and ouer it a Castle: on the toppe thereof, a greate Croune Empe∣riall, all the imbatellyng with Roses, and Pomegranetes gilded: and vnder and aboute thesaied Castle, a curions Uine, the leaues and gra∣pes thereof, gilded with fine Golde, the walles of thesame Castle colou∣red, White and Grene losengis. And in euery losenge, either a Rose or a Pomegranet, or a Sheffe of Arrowes, or els .H. and .K. gilded with fine Gold with certain Arches or Turrettes gilded, to support thesame Ca∣stle. And the targettes of the armes, of the defendauntes, appoynted for thesaied Iustes▪ there vpon sumpteously set. And out at seuerall places, of thesame Castle▪ aswell the daie of the coronaciō, as at thesaid daies of the Iustes & Turney, out of the mouthes of certain beastes, or gargels, did runne red, white, & claret wine. Thenterprisers of these Iustes, was Thomas lorde Haward, heire apparaunt to the erle of Surrey, sir Ed∣ward Haward Admirall, his brother, the lorde Richarde, brother to the Marques Dorset▪ sir Edmōd Haward, sir Thomas Kneuet, & Charles Brandō esquire. The trōpettes blew to the feld, the fresh yōg galātes &

noble menne gorgeously appareled, with curious deuises, of cuttes and of embrouderies, aswell in their coates, as in trappers for their horses, some of gold, some in siluer, some in Tynsels, and diuerse other in golde∣smithes worke, goodly to behold, first entered the feld, in takyng vp and turnyng their Horses, netly & freshly. Then folowed a deuise, (caried by strength of menne, and other prouision) framed like a Castle, or a Tur∣ret, wrought with fine clothe of Gold: the roppe wherof, was spred with Roses and Pomegranettes, hangyng doune on euery side, of thesaied deuise, wherein was a Lady, bearyng a shilde of Christall named Pal∣las. After whom, thesaied Lorde Haward, with his compaignions folo∣wed, armed at all poyntes, their Basses, and Bardes, or Trappers, were of Grene Ueluet, beaten with Roses, and Pomegranetes of Golde, bro∣dered with fringes of Damaske Golde. Thesaied deuise or Turret, be∣yng brought before the kyng, the Lady Pallas, pre••ented thesaied per∣sones, whom, she named her scholers, to the kynges highnes, besechyng thesame, to accept them as her scholers, who wer desirous to serue hym, to the encrease of their honors, whiche saied scholers, had about them on foote, to the nombre of an hundred persones, freshely appareled, in Uel∣uettes of sundery coloures, with Hose and Bonettes, accordyng to the∣same. And further, thesaied Ladie desired the kyng, that it might please his grace, that her saied scholers, might be defendauntes to al commers whiche request was graunted.

Then came in an other bende of horse men, freshly and well appare∣led in clothe of golde, in siluer, in Goldsmithes worke, and brouderie, to the nomber of three score, with trappers accordyngly to their garmen∣tes, with greate Bauderikes, Collers, and Cheines of Golde, aboute their neckes, and trauerse their bodies, euery man with a coyfe of golde on his hedde, and a greate plume of f••thers therevpon, some of one co∣loure, and some of an other, enteryng before into the felde, with Drōmes and Fifes a greate nombre, euery man takyng vp his horse, in his best maner, aswell for their Ladies, as also for laude or praise to bee geuen them. After whom, folowed a good nombre of foote men, in Ueluettes, & other silkes, cutte and embroudered, with hose to thesame accordyngly, & bonettes and other furniture, after a freshe and lustie fashion. Nexte to theim came on horse backe, eight persones, whose names were, sir Ihon Pechy, Sir Edwarde Neuell, Sir Edwarde Guildeforde, Sir Ihon Carre, Sir Wyllyam Parre, Sir Gyles Capell, Sir Griffith Dun, and Sir Roulande, Armed also at all poyntes, with shyldes of their awne armes, with riche Plumes, and other deuises on their hedde peces their Bases and Trappers of Tissew, clothe of Golde, Siluer and vel∣uet, and nexte before theim, a gentle manne on horsebacke, in a coate of Blewe Ueluet, embroudered with golde, and his horse Trapped in the same suite, with a spere of Golde on his thigh, and thesame presented to the Quene: saiyng, that it was enformed those knightes of his compai∣gnie, how that Dame Pallas, had presented sixe of her scholers to the

Kyng, but whether thei came to learne, or to teache feactes of Armes, thei knewe not. And further declared, that his knightes were come, to doo feactes of armes, for the loue of Ladies, wherefore, he besought her grace, to license those Knightes to proue theim selfes, against Dame Pallas Schollers: and that in case, her Schollers brake more speres, on thesaied knightes, by the viewe of the Iudges, and the report of the Herauldes, then thesame knightes should dooe on theim, then thesaied Scholers of Pallas knightes, to haue the spere of Gold for their prise. And if the knightes brake more speres, then Dame Pallas Schollers, thesaied knightes to haue the Christall Shilde. The whiche request to theim graunted, the Iustes beganne, where euery manne did acquite hymself, well and valiauntly, but who had the price of other, I knowe not, the night commyng on, the Iustes ended.

The next daie approched, the foresaied defenders, Schollers to Pal∣las on Horsebacke, armed Cape a pie, the one side of their Bases, and Bardes of their Horses white Ueluet, embroudered with Roses of gold and other embrouderies, the other side Grene Ueluet, embroudered with Pomegranetes of Golde, euery one of theim on his hedde pece, had an heare of flatte Golde of Damaske, presented theimselfes, before the kyng ready to Tourney.

Then immediatly on the other parte came in,* 1.5 the fore named eighte knightes ready armed, their Basses and Bardes of their Horse, Grene Sattyn, embroudered with freshe deuises, of Bramble branches, of fine Golde curiously wroughte, poudered ouer all. And after theim a greate nombre of hornes blowen, by menne apparelled in Grene Clothe, with Cappes and Hosen of like suite, as Forsters or kepers, and a Pagente made like a Parke, paled with pales of White and Grene, wherein wer certain Fallowe Dere, and in thesame Parke curious Trees made by crafte, with Busshes, Fernes, and other thynges in likewise wroughte, goodly to beholde. The whiche Parke or deuise, beeyng brought before the Quene, had certain gates thereof opened, the Dere ranne out there∣of into the Palaice, the greye houndes were lette slippe and killed the Dere: the whiche Dere so killed, were presented to the Quene and the Ladies, by the foresaied knightes. Crocheman, whiche the daie before broughte in the spere of golde, there declared, that thesame knightes were seruauntes to Diana, and beeyng in their pastyme of huntyng, ne∣wes were brought vnto theim, that Dame Pallas knightes, were come into those parties, to doo deedes of armes: wherefore, thei had lefte their huntyng and chase, and repaired also thether, to encounter with the kni∣ghtes of Pallas, and so to fight with thē, for the loue of ladies to thut∣terance: saiyng, that if Pallas knightes vanquished the other, or made them to leue the feld, then thei to haue the dere killed, and the greye hoū∣des that slewe them. And in case Dianas knightes, ouer came the other, thei to haue their swordes, and none other thyng more. Whereupon the Quene and Ladies, sent to the kyng to haue his aduise and pleasure in

this behalfe, his grace conceiuyng, that there was some grudge, and di∣spleasure betwene theim, thynkyng if suche request wer to theim graun∣ted, some inconuenience might ensue, would not there vnto agre, so that for the appeasyng thereof, it was awarded that bothe parties, should tourney togethers, geuyng but a certain strokes, whiche dooen thei de∣parted: And so these Iustes brake vp, and the prices geuen to euery mā after his desertes.

This yere the kyng pardoned the lorde Henry, brother to the Duke of Buckyngham, beeyng committed to the Tower▪ vpon suspicion of treason laied vnto hym, but not proued, and sone after at the Parlia∣ment, created hym Erle of Wylshire.

Also this yere, the kyng ordeined fiftie Gentle menne to bee speres, euery of theim to haue an Archer, a Dimilaunce, and a Custrell, and e∣uery Spere to haue three greate Horses, to bee attendaunt on his per∣sone, of the whiche bende, the Erle of Essex was Lieuetenaunt, and sir Ihon Pechie Capitain, who endured but a while, the apparell and charges were so greate, for there were none of theim, but thei and their Horses, were appareled and trapped in Clothe of Golde, Siluer, and Golde Smithes woorke, and their seruauntes richely appareled also.

This yere also, was a greate Pestilence in the toune of Caleis, and muche people died, in so muche that the kyng, at the request of his coun∣saill of Caleis, consideryng the weakenes of the toune, sent thether Sir Ihon Pechie, with three hundred menne to tary there, who continued there vnto suche time, that the plague was ceassed, and newe souldiours admitted, to suche roumes as then were vacant, and then returned into Englande. Furthermore, this yere the kyng somoned his Parliament, in the monethe of Nouembre, whiche, began in the moneth of Ianuari•• ensuyng, whereof sir Thomas Inglefelde was chosen Speaker, in the whiche session emonges other thynges there enacted, it was ordeined by aucthoritie of Parliament, that sir Thomas Empson knighte, and Ed∣mund Dudeley Esquire, late Counsailers to Kyng Henry the seuenth, should and wer attainted of hault treason.

Thesame yere the plague was greate, and reigned in diuerse partes of the realme, the kyng kept his Christemas at Richemond. And the .xii daie of Ianuarie, diuerse gentlemen freshely appareled, prepared them self to Iuste, vnknowen to the kynges grace, whereof, he beyng secretly informed, caused hymself, and one of his priuie chambre, called Willyā Compton to bee secretly armed, in the litle Parke of Richemond: and so came into the Iustes, vnknowen to all persones, and vnloked for: The kyng ranne neuer openly before, and there wer broken many staues, and greate praise geuen to the twoo straungers, but specially to one, whiche was the kyng: howebeit, at a course by misfortune, sir Edward Neuell Esquire, brother to the Lorde of Burgainie, did runne against Master Cumpton, and hurte hym sore, and was likely to dye. One persone there was, that knew the kyng, and cried, God saue the king, with that, al the

people wer astonied, and then the kyng discouered hymself, to the greate comforte of all the people.

The kyng sone after, came to Westminster with the Quene, and all their train: And on a tyme beyng there▪ his grace therles of Essex, Wil∣shire, and other noble menne, to the nombre of twelue, came sodainly in a mornyng, into the Quenes Chambre, all appareled in shorte cotes, of Kentishe Kendal, with hodes on their heddes, and hosen of thesame, eue∣ry one of them, his bowe and arrowes, and a sworde and a bucklar, like out lawes, or Robyn Hodes men, whereof the Quene, the Ladies, and al other there, were abashed, aswell for the straunge fight, as also for their sodain commyng▪ and after certain daunces, and pastime made, thei de∣parted. On Shroue Sunday thesame yere,* 1.6 the kyng prepared a good∣ly banket, in the Parliament Chambre at Westmin••ter, for all the Am∣bassadours, whiche, then wer here, out of diuerse realme and countreis The banket beyng ready, the Kyng leadyng the Quene, entered into the Chambre▪ then the Ladies, Ambassadours, and other noble menne, folo∣wed in ordre. The Kyng caused the Quene, to kepe the estate, and then satte the Ambassadours and Ladies, as thei were Marshalled by the kyng, who would not sit, but walked from place to place, makyng chere to the Quene, and the straungers: Sodainly the kyng was gone. And shortly after, his grace with the Erle of Essex, came in appareled after Turkey fashiō, in long robes of Bawdkin▪ powdered with gold, hattes on their heddes of Crimosyn Ueluet, with greate rolles of Gold, girded with two swordes, called C••••••teries▪ hangyng by greate bawderikes of gold. Next▪ came the lorde Henry Erle of Wilshire, and the lorde Fitz∣water▪ in twoo long gounes of yelowe satin, trauarsed with white satin, and in euery bend of white, was a bend of crimosen satin after the fashiō of Russia or Ruslande, with ••urred hattes of greye on their hedes▪ either of them hauyng an hatchet in their handes, and bootes with pykes tur∣ned vp. And after them, came syr Edward Haward, than Admyral, and with hym syr Thomas Parre▪ in doblettes of Crimosin veluet, voyded lowe on the backe, and before to the cannell bone, lased on the breastes with chaynes of siluer, and ouer that shorte clokes of Crimosyn satyne, and on their heades hattes after dauncers fashion, with feasauntes fe∣thers in theim: They were appareyled after the fashion of Prusia or Spruce. The torchebearers were appareyled in Crymosyn satyne and grene▪ lyke Moreskoes, theyr faces blacke: And the kyng brought in a mommerye. After that the Quene▪ the lordes▪ and ladyes, such as would had played, the sayd mommers departed, and put of thesame apparel, & sone after entred into the Chamber, in their vsuel apparell. And so the kyng made great chere to the Quene, Ladyes and Ambassadours: The Supper or Banket ended▪ and the tables auoyded the kyng beeyng in communicacion with the Ambassadors, the Quene with the ladies toke their places in their degrees. Then began the daūsyng, and euery man toke muche hede to them that daūsed. The kyng perceyuing that, with∣drew

hym selfe sodenly out of the place, with certayn other persons ap∣poynted for that purpose. And within a litle whyle after there came in a drumme and a fi••e appareiled in white Damaske and grene bonettes, & h••sen of thesame sure, than certayn gentelmen folowed with torches, ap∣parayled in blew Damaske purseled with Ames grey, facioned lyke an Awbe, and on their heddes hodes with robbes and longe tippettes to thesame of blew Damaske visarde. Than after them came a certayne number of gentelmen, wherof the kyng was one, apparayled all in one sewte of shorte garmentes, litle beneth the poyntes, o•• blew Ueluet and Crymosyne with lōg ••••eues, all cut and lyned with clothe of golde. And the vtter parte of the garmentes were powdered with cas••els, & shefes of arrowes of fyne doket gold. The vpper partes of their hosen of lyke sewte and facion, the nether partes were of Scarlet, poudred with tym∣brelles of fyne golde, on their heades bonets of Damaske, syluer flatte wouen in the stole, and therupon wrought with gold, and ryche fethers in them, all with visers. After them entred .vi. ladyes, wherof twoo were appareyled in Crymosyn satyne and purpull, enbrowdered with golde and by vynye••tes, ran ••••oure delices of golde, with maru••ylous ryche & stra••ge 〈◊〉〈◊〉 on their heades. Other two ladyes in Crymosyne & pur∣pull▪ made lyke long slops enbroudered and fret with gold after antike fashion: and ouer that garment was a short garment of clothe of golde scant to the knee facioned like a tabard all ouer, with small double rol∣les, ••ll o•• flatte golde o•• Damaske, fret with frysed golde, and on theyr heades skayus and wrappers of Damaske golde with flatte pypes, y^• straunge it was to beholde. The other two ladyes were in kyrtels of Crymosyne and purpul satyn, enbroudered with a vynet of Pomegra∣neltes of golde▪ all the garmētes cut compasse wyse, hauing but demy sleues, and naked doune from the elbowes, and ouer their garmentes were vochettes of pleasantes, rouled with Crymsyne veluet, and set w^t letters of golde lyke Carectes, their heades rouled in pleasauntes and typpe••s lyke the Egipcians, enbroudered with golde. Their faces, nec∣kes, armes & handes, couered in fyne pleasaunce blacke: Some call it Lumberdynes, which is marueylous thine, so that thesame ladies se∣med to be nyg••ost or blacke Mores. Of these foresayed .vi. ladyes, the lady Mary, syster vnto the kyng was one, the other I name not. After that the kynges grace and the ladyes had daunsed a certayne tyme they departed euery one to hys lodgyng.

In this yere kyng Henry the .vii. his executours made restitucion of great summes of money, to many persons taken against good consc••ēce to the sayde kynges vse, by the forenamed Empson and Dudley.

Thys yere also came Ambassadours from the kyng of Arragō and Castell into this Realme, who were hyghly entertayned and royally re∣ceyued, and repayred muche to the Courte. It happened on a daye, that there were certayn noble men made a wager to runne at the rynge, and parties were taken, and whych partye atteyned or toke awaye the ringe

oftenest with a certayne courses, should wynne the wager. Wherof, the kynges grace hearing offered to be on the one partye with .vi. compa∣nions: The Ambassadours hearynge therof, were muche desirous to se fhys wager tryed, and specially the Ambassadours of Spaigne, who had neuer seen the kyng in harneys. At the daye apointed, the king was mounted on a godly Courser▪ trapped in purpull veluet cutte, the inner syde wherof was wrought with flatte golde of Damaske in the stoole, and the veluet on the other syde cut in letters: So that y^• gold appered as though it had been enbroudered with certayne reasons or poyses.

And on the Ueluet betwene the letters were fastyned, castels and she∣fes of arrowes of doket golde, with a garmēt the ••••eues compased ouer hys harneys, and his bases of thesame worke, with a great plume of fe∣thers on hys head peace, that came doune to the arion of hys sadell, and a great company of freshgentelmen, came in with his grace rychely ar∣med and decked, with many other right gorgeously appareyled, the trō∣pettes before them, Goodly to beholde, wherof many straūgers, but spe¦cially the Spagniardes much reioysed, for they had neuer seen y^• kynge before that tyme armed.

On the other syde came in an other bende of gentelmen, freshely ap∣pareyled, and pleasaunt to beholde, all appareyled in clothe of golde, chekered with flatte golde of Damaske, and poudered with Roses: and so euery man ranne, but to conclude, the pryce was geuē vnto the king. euery man dyd runne .xii. courses, the kyng dyd beare awaye the rynge v. tymes, and atteyned it .iii: & these courses thus fynished, y^• Spanish Ambassadours desyred to haue some of the badges or deuises, whiche were on the kynges trapper: hys grace therof knowynge commaunded Euery of them to take therof what it pleased them, who in effect toke all or the more parte: for in the beginnyng they thought they had bene counterfait, and not of golde.

In this yere from diuers Realmes and Countreys came many Am∣bassadours, of Fraunce, Denemarke, Scotlande, and other Realmes, whych were hyghly enterteyned.

¶The .ii. yere.

ON May daye, than next folowyng in the .ii. yere of hys reygne, hys grace beynge yonge, and willyng not to be ••dell, rose in the mornynge very early to fetche May or grene bows, hym self freshe and rychely appareyled, & clothed all his Knyghtes, Squyers and Gentelmen in whyte Satyn, and all hys garde and yomen of the Croune in whyte sarcenet: And so went euery mā with his bowe and arrowes shotyng to the woode, and so repaired again to the Courte, euery man with a grene bough in his cappe, and at his re∣turnyng many hearynge of his gooyng a Maiyng, were desirous to se hym shote, for at that tyme his grace shotte as strong and as greate a

length as any of hys garde. There came to hys grace a certayn man with bowe and arrowes, and desyred hys grace to take the ••uster of hym, and to se hym shote, for at that tyme hys grace was contented, the man put hys one fote in hys bosome, and so dyd shote, and shote a very good shote, and wel towardes hys marke, whereof not onely hys grace but all other greatly merueyled. So the kynge gaue hym a reward for hys so doynge, whiche person afterwardes of the people and of them in the courte was called, ••ote in bosome.

Thesame yere in the feast of Pentecoste, holden at Grenewyche, that is to say the Thursday in thesame w••ke, hys grace with two other with hym chalenged all commers, to fighte with theim at the barriers with targot & casting y^• spere of .viii. fote long, and that done his grace with the sayde two aydes to fight euery of them .xii. strokes with twohanded swordes, with and agaynst all commers, none except beyng a gentelmā, where the kyng behaued hym selfe so wel, and deliuered him selfe so va∣liauntly by hys hardy prowes and greate strength that the prayse and laude was geuen to hys grace, and hys aydes: notwithstādyng that di∣uers valyaunt and stronge persons had assayled hym and hys aydes.

From thence the whole Courte remoued to Wyndesore, than begyn∣nyng hys progresse, exercisyng hym self dayly in shotyng, singyng▪ daū∣syng, wrastelyng, casting of the barre▪ plaiyng at the recorders, flute, vir¦ginals, and in setting of songes▪ makyng of balettes, & dyd set .ii. good∣ly masses, euery of them fyue partes, whiche were songe o••tentymes in hys chapel, and afterwardes in diuers other places. And whan he came to Okyng, there were kept both Iustes and Turneys: the rest of thys progresse was spent in huntyng, hawkyng, and shotyng.

The kyng beyng thus in hys progresse harde euery daye more and more complayntes of Empson and Dudley,* 1.7 wherfore he sent wryttes to the Shyrifes of London, to put them in execucion, and so the .xvii. day of August, they were both behedded at the Towre hyl, and their bodies buryed and their heades.

The sayde progresse finished▪ his grace, y^• Quene, with al their whole trayne, in the moneth of October folowyng, remoued to Grenewyche.

The kyng not mynded to se yong Gentelmen, vnexpert in marcial ••ea∣tes▪ caused a place to be prepared within the parke of Grenewyche for the Quene and the ladyes to stande and se the ••ighte with battaill axes that shoulde be done there, where the king hym self armed, fought with one Gyot a gentelman of Almayne, a talle man, and a good man of ar∣mes. And than after they had done, they marched alwayes two and two togethers, and so dyd their feates and enterprises euery man very wel: Albeit, it happened the sayde Gyot to fight with syr Edward Haward, which Gyot was by hym stryken to the grounde.

The morow after this enterprise done, the kyng with the Quene ca∣me to the Towre of London. And to thentent that there should no dis∣pleasure nor malice be borne by any of those Gentelmen, which fought

with the axe agaynst other. The kyng gaue vnto thē a certayn summe in golde, valewed at .cc. marke, to make a banket emongest them selfes with all: The whiche banket was made at the Fishemongers Halle in Teames strete, where they all met to the number of .xxiiii, all apparey∣led in one sute or liuery, after Almain fashion, that is to say, their vtter garmentes all of yealow Satyne, yealow hosen, yealow shoes gyrdels scaberdes, and bonettes with yealow fethers, their garmentes & hosen all cutte and lyned with whyte Satyn, and their scaberdes wounde a bought with satyne: After their banket ended, thei went by torche light to the Towre, presentinge them selfes before the kynge, who toke plea∣sure to beholde them.

From thence, the .viii. daye of Nouember, his grace remoued to Ry∣chemond, and willed to be declared to all noble men and gētelmen, that hys grace with two aides, that is to wit mayster Charles Brandon, & mayster Compton, duryng two dayes would answer al commers with spere at the Tylt one daye, and at turney with swordes, the other.

And to accomplishe this enterprice the .xiii. daye of Nouember, hys grace armed at all peces with hys two aydes entred the feelde, their ba∣ses and trappers were of clothe of gold, set with redde roses, ingreyled with gold o•• brouderye: The counterparte came in freshly, appareyled euery man after his deuise. At these Iustes the king brake more staues then any other, and therfore had the pryce: At the Turney in likewyse, the honor was his. The second night were diuers straūgers of Maxi∣milian the Emperours court, and Ambassadours of Spaygne with y^• ••yng at supper: when they had supped, the kyng willed them to go into the Quenes chamber, who so did. And in the meane season, the kynge with .xv. other, appareled in Almayne Iackettes of Crymosyne, & pur∣ple Satyne, with lōg quar••ered sleues, with hosen of thesame sute, their bonettes of whyte veluet, wrapped in flat golde of Damaske, with vi∣sers and white plumes, came in with a mo••mery, and after a certayne ••yme that they had played with the Quene and the straungers, they de∣parted. Then sodenly entred .vi. mynstrels, rychely appareled, plaiyng on their instrumentes, and then folowed .xiiii. persones Gentelmen, all appareyled in yealow Satyne, cut like Almaynes, bearyng torches.

After thē came .vi. disguised in whyte Satyne and grene, enbroudered and set with letters and castels of fyne golde in bullion, the garmentes were of straunge facion, with also straunge cuttes, euery cutte knytte wyth poyntes of ••yne golde and tassels of thesame, their hosen cutt and tyed in likewyse, their bonettes of clothe of syluer, wounde with golde. Fyrst of these .vi. was the kyng, the erle of Essex, Charles Brandon, syr Edward Hawarde, syr Thomas Kneuet, & syr Hēry Guylforde. Then parte of the Gētelmen bearing torches departed▪ and shortly returned, after whome came in .vi. ladyes, appareled in garmentes of Crymosyn Satyn enbroudered and trauessed with cloth of gold, cut in Pomegra∣nettes and yokes, strynged after the facion of Spaygne. Then the

sayde .vi. men daūced with these .vi. ladies: and after that they had daū∣ced a season, the ladies toke of the mens visa••s, wherby they were kno∣wen: Whereof the Quene and the straungers moch praised the kyng, & ended the pas••ime.

It is to be noted that at this tyme the Quene was great with childe, and shortly after this pastyme, she toke her chamber at Richemond, for the whiche cause the kynge kept hys Christmas there. And on Newye∣res daye, the first day of Ianuary, the Quene was deliuered of a Prince to the great gladnes of the Realme, for the honor of whome, fyers were made, and diuers vessels with wyne, set for suche as woulde take therof in certayne streates in London, and generall processions thereupon to laude God. As touchynge the preparacion of the Princes Christening, I ouerpasse, which was honorablie done, whose godfathers at the fout were the Archebishop of Caunterbury, and the erle of Surrey. Godmo¦ther the lady Katheryne Countesse of Deuonshire, daughter to kynge Edward the fourth.

Agaynste the .xii. daye or the daye of the Epiphanie at nighte, before the banket in the Hal at Richemond, was a pageaūt deuised like a moū¦tayne, glisteringe by night, as thoughe it had been all of golde and set with stones, on the top of the which mountayne was a tree of golde, the braunches and bowes frysed with golde, spredynge on euery side ouer the mountayne, with Roses and Pomegarnettes, the which mountayne was with vices brought vp towardes the kyng, & out of thesame came a ladye, appare••led in cloth of golde, and the chyldren of honor called the Henchemen, whiche were freshely disguised, and daunced a Morice before the kyng. And that done, reentred the moūtaine and then it was drawen backe, and then was the wassaill or banket brought in, and so brake vp Christmas.

Shortly after▪ and before the Quenes churchinge, the kynge rode to Walsingham. The Quene beyng Churched or purified, the kyng and she remoued from Rychemonde to Westmynster, where was prepara∣cion for a solempne Iustes in the honor of the Quene, the kyng beyng one, and with him thre aydes: his grace beyng called Cure lo••al, y^e lorde William erle of Deuonshire, called Bon volo••re, Sir Thomas Kneuet named Bon espoir, Sir Edwarde Neuile, called Valiaunt desire, whose names were set vpon a goodly table, and the table hanged in a tree, cu∣rious••y wrought, and they were called Les quater Chiualers de la f••rrest saluigne, these foure to runne at the tilte agaynst all cōmers, with other certayne Articles cōprised in the said table.

A place in the Pallayce was prepared for the kynge, and also the Quene, rychely hanged, the inner parte with cloth of golde, and the vt∣ter with ryche clothe of Arras. These Iustes beganne the .xiii. daye of February. After that, that the Quene with her trayne of ladyes had ta∣ken their places, into the Pallays was conueyed a pag••aūt of a great quantite, made like a forest with rockes, hilles and dales, with diuers

sundrie trees, floures, hathornes, fer••e and grasse, with six forsters, stā∣dynge within thesame forrest, garnyshed in cotes and hodes of grene Ueluet, by whome lay a great number of speres, all the trees, herbes, & floures, of thesame forrest were made of grene Ueluet, grene Damaske, and silke of diuers colours, Satyn and Sercenet. In the middes of this forrest was a cas••ell standing, made of golde, and before the Castel gate sat a gentelman freshly appare••led, makynge a garlande of Roses for the pryce. This forrest was drawen, as it were by strength of twoo great beastes, a Lyon and an Ant••lop, the Lyon floryshed all ouer with Damaske golde, The Antelop was wrought all ouer with siluer of Da¦maske, hys beames or hornes & tuskes of golde: these beastes were led with certayne men appareiled like wilde men, or woodhouses, their bo∣dies, heddes, faces, handes, and legges, couered with grene Sylke flos∣shed: On either of the sayde Antelop and Lyon, sate a ladye richely ap∣pareiled, the beastes were tyed to the pageant with greate chaynes of golde, as horses be in the carte. When the pageant rested before the Quene, the forenamed forsters blew their hornes, then the deuise or pa∣geant opened on all sides, and out issued the foresayde foure knyghtes, armed at all peces, euery of them a spere in his hande on horsebacke with great plumes on their heddes, their basses and trappers of clothe of gold, euery of them his name enbroudered on hys basse and trapper: on the other parte with great noyse, aswell of Trompettes as of Drō∣mes entred into the felde, the erle of Essex, the lord Thomas Hawarde with many other cleane armed, their trappers and basses all of Crymo∣syn Satyn enbroudered with braunches of Pomegarnettes of golde, and posies wyth many a freshe Gentelman, rydynge before them, theyr fotemen also well appareiled: And so the Iustes beganne, and endured all that daye.

The morow beyng the .xiii. daye of February after dynner, at tyme conuenient, the Quene with the ladyes repaired to see the Iustes, the trompettes blew vp, and in came many a noble man and Gentelmā, ry∣chely appareiled, takynge vp their horses, after whome folowed cer∣tayne lordes appareiled, they and their horses in cloth of golde and ••us∣set tynsell: Knyghtes in clothe of golde and ••usset Ueluet. And a greate number of Gentelmen on fote, in russet satyn and yealow, and yomen in russet damaske and yealow, all the nether parte of euery mans hosen Skarlet, and yealow cappes. Then came the kynge vnder a Pauilion of clothe of golde, and purpul Ueluet enbroudered, and poudered with H. and K. of fyne golde, the compas of the Pauilion aboue, enbroude∣red rychely, and valenced with flat golde, beten in wyre, with an Impe∣riall croune in the top of fyne golde, hys bases and trapper of clothe of gold, fretted with damaske gold, the trapper pēdant to the tail. A crane and chafron of stele, in the frount of the chafrō was a goodly plume set full of musers or trimblyng spangles of golde. After folowed his three aydes, euery of them vnder a Pauilion of Crymosyn damaske & purple

poudred with H. and K. of fyne golde valenced and frynged with golde of damaske: on the top of euery Pauilion a greate K. of golde smythes worke, the number of the Gentelmen and yomen attendant a fote, appa∣reiled in russet and yealow was .C.lxviii. Then next these Pauilions came .xii. chyldren of honor, sitting euery of them on a great courser, ry∣chely trapped and enbroudered in seuerall deuises and facions, where lacked neither brouderie nor goldsmythes worke, so that euery chyld & horse in deuice and facion was contrary to other, whiche was goodly to beholde.

Then on the counter part, entred syr Charles Brādon, fyrst on hors∣backe in a long robe of Russet satyn, like a recluse or a religious person and hys horse trapped in thesame sewte, without dromme or noyse of mynstrelsye, puttinge a byll of peticion to the Quene, the effect wherof was, that if it would please her to licence hym to runne in her presence, he woulde do it gladly, and if not, then he woulde departe as he came. After that hys request was graunted, then he put of hys sayde habyte, and was armed at all peces, with ryche bases & horse, also rychely trap∣ped, and so did runne hys horse to the tylte ende, where diuers men on fote appareiled in Russet satyn awaited on him: next after came in alone young Henry Guylford Esquier, hym selfe and hys horse in russet cloth of golde▪ and clothe of siluer, closed in a deuice, or a pageant made lyke a Castel or a Turret, wrought of Russet sercenet florence, wrought, and set out in golde with hys worde or posye, and al his men in Russet satyn and white, with hosen to thesame, and their bonettes of like colors, de∣maunding also licence of the Quene to runne, whiche to him graunted toke place at thende of the tylte. Then came next the Marques Dorset and syr Thomas Bulleyn, like two pilgrems from sainct Iames, in ••a∣berdes of blacke Ueluet, with palmers hattes on their helmettes, wyth long Iacobs staues in their handes, their horse trappers of blacke Uel¦uet, their taberdes, hattes, & trappers set with scaloppe schelles of fyne golde, and strippes of blacke Ueluet, euery s••rip set with a scalop shell, their seruaūtes all in blacke Satyn, with scalop shelles of gold in their breastes. Sone after came in the lord Henry of Buckyngham Erle of Wylshire, hym selfe and his horse appareiled in cloth of siluer, enbrou∣dered with a posye, or his worde, and arrowes of golde in a posye, called La ma••son du refuge, made of Crymosyn damaske, broudered with Ro∣ses and arrowes of golde, on the tope a greyhonde of siluer, bearinge a tree of Pomegarnettes of golde, the braunches thereof were so large that it ouer sprede the pagent in all partes. Then entred syr Gyles Ca∣pell, syr Roulande with many other knightes, rychely armed and appa∣reiled. And thus beganne the Iustes, whiche was valiauntly acheued by the kyng and his aydes, emōges whome hys grace atteyned y^e price. These Iustes fynished, euery man with drew, the kynge was disarmed, & at time cōuenient he and the Quene heard euēsong, and that night all the Ambassadours supped with the kyng, & had a great banket. After

soupper, hys grace with the Quene, lordes and ladyes came into the white Hall, within the sayde Pallays, whiche was hanged rychely, the Hall was sca••olded and ray••ed on all partes. There was an interlude of the gentelmen of hys chapell before his grace, and diuers freshe son∣ges: that done, hys grace called to hym a great man, or a lord of Irelād called Odouell, whome in the presence of the sayde Ambassadours, he made knyght: then the mynstrels beganne to playe, the lordes and la∣dyes beganne to daunce.

And in the moste of this pastyme, when all persones were moste attē∣tyue to beholde the daunsyng, the king was sodenly gone vnknowen to the moste parte of the people there, oneles it were of the Quene & of cer∣tayne other. Within a littell while after hys departing, the trompettes at thende of the Hall began to blow. Then was there a deuice or a pa∣geaūt vpō wheles brought in, out of the which pageaūt issued out a gē¦telman rychelye appareiled, that shewed, howe in a garden of pleasure there was an arber of golde, wherin were lordes and ladyes, moche de∣sirous to shew pleasure and pastyme to the Quene and ladyes, if they might be licenced so to do, who was aunswered by the Quene, how she and all other there were very desyrous to se theim and their pastyme: then a great cloth of Arras that dyd hang before thesame pageaūt was taken awaye, & the pageaunt brought more nere, it was curiously made and pleasaūt to beholde, it was solempne and ryche, for euery post or pil¦ler therof, was cōuered with frise golde, therin were trees of Hathorne, Eglantynes, Rosiers, Uynes and other pleasaunt floures of diuers co∣lours, with Gillofers and other herbes all made of Satyn, damaske, silke, siluer & golde, accordingly as the natural trees, herbes, or floures ought to be. In which arber were .vi. ladyes, all appareiled in white sa∣tyn and grene, set & enbroudered full of H. & K. of golde, knytte together with laces of golde, of damaske, & all their garmentes were replenyshed with glytteringe spangles gylt ouer, on their heddes were bonettes all opened at the .iiii. quarters, ouerfrysed with flat gold of damaske, y^e or∣••ellettes were of rolles, wrethed on lampas douck holow, so y^• the golde shewed thorow y^e lāpas douck, y^e fassis of their head set ful of new deui∣sed facions: in this gardē, also was the kyng and .v. with him apparei∣led in garmētes of purple satyn, all of cuttes w^t H. & K. euery edge gar∣nished with frysed gold, & euery garmēt ful of poysees, made of letters of fyne gold in bullyō as thicke as they might be, & euery persone had his name in like letters of massy gold. The fyrst Cuer loyall, The secōd Bone volure, in the .iii. Bone espoier, The .iiii. Valyaūt desyre, The fyst Bone foy, The .vi. A moure loyall, their hosē, cappes, & cotes, were full of poyses & H. & K. of fyne gold in bulliō, so y^• the groūde could s••ace apere & yet was in euery voyde place spāgels of gold. Whētime was come, y^• sayd pageāt was brought forth into presence, & then discēded a lord & a lady by coples, & then the mynstrels, which were disguised also daūced, and the lorde & ladyes daunced, that it was a pleasure to beholde.

In the meane season the pagiaunt was conueyed to the ende of the place, there to tary till the daunces were finished, and so to haue recey∣ued the lordes and ladyes againe, but sodanly the rude people ranne to the pagent, and rent, tare, and spoyled the pagent, so that the lord Stu∣ard nor the head officers could not cause them to abstaine, excepte they shoulde haue foughten and drawen bloude, and soo was this pagent broken.

After the kyng and hys cōpaignions had daūced, he appoynted the ladyes, gentelwomen and the Ambassadours to take the letters of their garmentes, in token of liberalitie, which thyng the common people per∣ceyuyng▪ ranne to the kyng, and stripped hym into hys hosen and dub∣let, and all hys compaignions in likewise. Syr Thomas Kneuet stode on a stage, and for all his defence he lost hys apparell. The ladyes like∣wyse were spoyled, wherfore the kynges garde came sodenly, and putte the people backe, or els as it was supposed more inconuenience had en∣sued. So the kyng with the quene & the ladyes returned to his cham∣ber, where they had a great banket, and all these hurtes were turned to laughyng and game, and thought that, all that was taken awaye was but for honor, and larges: and so this triumphe ended with myrthe and gladnes. At this banket, a shipeman of London caught certayn letters which he sould to a goldsmyth for .iii.l.xiiii.s.viii.d. by reason wherof, it appeared that the garmentes were of a great value.

After this great ioy came sorowfull chaunce, for the young Prince, which was borne vpon Newyeres daye last past, vpon the .xxii. daye of February, beyng then the euē of sainct Mathy, departed this world at Rychemonde, and from thense was caryed to Westmynster, and bu∣ryed.

The kyng lyke a wyse Prynce, toke this dolorous chaunce wonde∣rous wysely, and the more to comfort the Quene, he dissimuled the mat∣ter, and made no great mourning outwardely: but the Quene lyke a na¦turall woman, made much lamentacion, how be it, by the kynges good persuasion and behauior, her sorowe was mytigated, but not shortlye. Thys yere also in the moneth of Februarie, came frō kyng Ferdinādo, the kynges father in law, and kynge of Arragon and Castell certayne Ambassadours, whiche made request to the kynge, on the behalfe of the kyng their mayster, to haue ayde of the kynge of .xv.C. Archers, with valyaunt Capitaynes to gouerne and conduyte them: For hys entent was to make warre on the Moores, beynge Infideles and enemies to Gods law. The kyng and his counsayl hearing this request, thoughte it muche honorable to ayde a Christian Prynce, and in especiall hys frende and father in lawe, agaynste the Infideles enemyes to Christes lawe, wherfore the kyng gentely graunted them their request. When tydinges were spread in the courte of this iorney agaynst the infideles, the lorde Thomas Darcye, knyght of the order of the gartier, made hū¦ble suyte to the kynge, to be capitayne general of that Crewe or armye.

The kyng and hys counsayll for hys great valiantnes and approued wysedome graunted hys request: many lordes & knyghtes made suyte to be in thesame iorney, but the kyng answered them, y^• he retayned them still for other greater consideracions and purposes. There were apoyn∣ted to go with the sayd lord Darcie, lord Anthony Grey, brother to the Marques Dorset, Henry Guyldeford, Westō, Broune, Wiliam Syd∣ney, Esquyers of the kynges house, syr Robert cōstable, syr Roger Hay∣stynges, and syr Raufe Elderkare, and diuers other gentelmē to be ca∣pitaynes. The lord Darcie and all the other capitaynes toke their leue of the kyng, and went into their countreys to prouide for all thinges, mete and necessarie for the voiage.

The kynge thys tyme was moche entysed to playe at tennes and at dice, which appetite, certayn craftie persones about hym perceyuynge, brought in Frenchmen and Lombardes, to make wagers with hym, & so he lost moch money, but when he perceyued their crafte, he exchuyd their compaignie, and let them go. The kyng beyng lustye, young, & co∣ragious, greatly delited in feates of chyualrie, in so moch that he made a chalenge of Iustes, agaynst all cōmers to be proclaimed at his man∣noure of Grenewyche, to be holden there the .iii. first dayes of May then next ensuyng, which noble courage, all yonge persones highly praysed, but the auncient fathers moch doubted, consideringe the tender youth of the kyng, and diuers chaunces of horses and a••••••re: in so moch that it was openly spoken, that stele was not so stronge, but it might be bro∣ken nor no horse coulde be so sure of fote, but he maye fall: Yet for all these doubtes, the lusty prince proceded in his chalenge.

The first daye of Maye the kynge accompaignied with many lusty Batchelers, on greate and well doyng horses rode to the wodde to fetch May, where a man might haue seen many a horse raysed on highe wyth galope, turne and stoppe, meruaylous to behold: where he and .iii. other as syr Edward Haward, Charles Brandon, and Edward Neuel, which were chalengers with the kyng, shyfted them selfes into cotes of grene Satyn, garded with Crymosyn Ueluet. On the other parte the Earles of Essex, of Deuenshyre, the Marques Dorset, the lorde Haward, were all in Crymosyn Satyn, garded with a poūced garde of grene Ueluet: and as they were retornyng on the Hyll▪ mete with them a shippe vnder sayle: The master hayled the kyng and that noble compaignie, & sayde that he was a Maryner, and was come from many a straunge porte, & came hither to se if any dedes of armes were to be done in the countrey, of the whiche he mighte make report thereof in other countreys. An He∣raulde demaunded the name of his shippe, he aunswered she is called Fame, and is laden with good Renoune: Then sayde the Heraulde, if you wil bring your shippe into the bay of Hard••nes, you must double y^• poynt of Ge••••••••nes, and there you shall se a compaignie that will medle with your merchaundise. Then sayd the kyng, sythen Renowne is their merchaundyse, let vs bye it and we can: Then the shippe shotte a pele of

Ennys, and sayled forthe before the kynges compaignie, ful of flagges and banners, till it came to the tylte year••e. At after nonne, the kyng & his thre felowes entred into the felde, their bardes and bases of Crimo∣syn and blew Ueluet, cut in quadrāt cuttes, embroudered full of Pom∣granettes, and all the wayters, in sylke of thesame colour. The other partie were in Crymsyn Satyn and grene Ueluet. Then beganne the trompettes to sounde, and the horses to runne that many a spere was brast, and many a great strype geuen: and for a trueth the kyng exceded in nūber of staues all other, euery daye of the .iii. dayes. Wherfore on y^• iii. day, the Quene made a great bāket to the kyng, & all them that had Iusted: & after the bāket done, she gaue y^e chefe pryce to the kyng, the .ii. to the Erle of Essex, the .iiii. to y^• erle of Deuōshyre, & the .iii. to the lord Marques Dorset. Then y^e Herauldes cryed, my lordes, for your noble feates in armes, God sende you y^• loue of your ladies y^e you most desire.

¶The iii yere.

THe king euer desirous to serue Mars, begā another Iustes y^e xv. day of y^e sayd moneth: y^e kyng & his bend were all in grene sylke▪ & y^e erle of Essex & his bende in blew, garded with gold, & all y^• speres were paynted of thesame colours. There was good rūning & many a spere brast, but for all y^• sport euery man feared, lest some yll chaūce might happē to the kyng, & fayne would haue had him a loker on, rather then a doer, & spake therof as much as thei durst: but his courage was so noble that he would euer be at the one ende.

In this passe tyme, the lord Darcy & other appoynted to the vyage agaynst the Moores of Barbaria (at the instaunce of Dōpefernādo ra¦ther to the Quene) made suche diligence, that they and all their people were ready at Plymmouth by the middes of May, and there mustered their souldiers before the lorde Broke, and other the kinges commissio∣ners. The sayde lord Darcie, as capitayne generall ordeyned for hys Prouost Marshal, Henry Guylford Esquier, a lusty yongmā, and wel beloued of the kyng. Then, when the winde serued to their purpose, and all the armye were set aborde in their shippes, whiche were vytaled and prest at all poyntes, the Capitayne and other departed out of Plym∣mouth hauē, the monday in the Rogaciō weke with .iiii. shippes Royal and the wynde was so fauourable to them, that the firste daye of Iune, beynge the euen of the feast of Pentecost, he arriued at the porte of Ca∣leys in Southspayne, and immediatly by the aduice of his counsayll, dispatched to the kyng of Arragon two Gentilmen, called Ihon Bar∣thelmew, and William Symonde, with letters to certefie the king and his counsayll of their arriuall, and what payne they had taken to come to his countrey, in fulfilling the kyng their maisters commaundement. The messingers did so moch that they came to the kyng, beside the citie of Cyuill, where he then lay, and declared to hym how the lord Darcie by the kyng their maisters apoyntement, was come thither with .xvi.C archers mo, according to the sayd kyng of Arragons request, and laye

still at Caleys to know his pleasure. The kyng of Arragon aunswered them gentelly▪ that the lord Darcie and all other that were come from hys most best beloued sonne were welcome▪ and hartely thanked theim of their paynes, and prayed the messengers to retorne to their capitaine shewing hym that the kyng in all haste would sende his coūsail to him, and so they departed from the kyng, and made reporte to the lord Dar∣cie, which kept his shippe in great estate, and would not lāde, but onely suffered such as were sicke and feble, and few other to go a lande.

The Englishmē which went a lande, fell to drinking of hote wynes and were scace maisters of theim selfes, some ranne to the stewes, some brake hegges, and spoyled orchardes & vyneyardes, and orynges be∣fore they were ripe, and did many other outragious dedes: wherfore y^• che••e of the toune of Caleys, came to complaine to the lorde Darcie in hys shippe, which sent forth his Prouost Marshal, which scacelie with peyne re••rayned the yomen archers, they were so hote and wil••ull, yet by cōmaundement and policie, they were all brought on borde on their shippes.

Saterdaye the .viii. daye of Iune, the Bishop of & other of the kynges counsayll, arryued at Caleys, and there abode tyll wed∣nysdaye, beyng the euen of Corpus Christi, at which daye the lord Ca∣pitayne toke lande, and was honorably receyued of the kynge of Arra∣gons counsayl▪ and on the morrow highly fe••••ed at dynner and supper. And after supper, the bishop declared the kynge of Arragons pleasure saiyng my lord Capitayne▪ the kyng my maister in moste humble wys•• geueth you thankes for your greate paynes and trauell, as mo••he as though he proceded in this pretensed enterprice, but he with the aduice of his counsaill circumspectly, considering the suertie of his awne real∣mes and dominions hathe perfectie knowlege, that his aduersarye of Fraunce, prepareth to inuade hys coūtreis in hys absence: wher••ore he entending not to leue his Realmes, voyde of men and shippes (whiche might be a great comfort to his enemyes to inuade) & therfore he hathe taken an abstinence of warre with the Moores tyll another time. Well saieth the lorde Darcie, sythe it is fully concluded that we shall do no seruice to their maister, we maye not saye agaynst his determinacion, cōsidering we were sent to him, but surely it is agaynste my hart, whiche euer hath desired to fight agaynst Gods enemyes, but with your con∣clusion, I and all myne must be content. You do as you should do, said the Bishop, and the kyng my maister geueth like thankes to the kynge his sonne, and to you all, as though he had proceded in his iorney. And you shall haue wages for all your souldiers: and if it shall please you to come to the court, you shall receyue high thankes of the kyng, & such ••here as there can be made you. That is not my desire sayed the lorde Darcie, for my men shal not say that I brought them out of their coū∣trie, and now to do my selfe pleasure, leaue theim without an hedde, as men of men forsaken: nay nay my lorde, the kynges banket is not my

desire. So the lordes departed for y^• night, & the next day in the mornyng was sent wages, to conduict tharmie into England, with diuerse giftes geuen to the lord Darcie, & other gentle men: Yet y^e notwithstandyng, he was highly displeased, how beit like a wise man he dissimuled y^e matter.

Thesame daie, beyng the .xiiii. daie of Iune and Fridaie, an Englishe manne desired of a maide, that had been at the Bakers to bye bread for her maistres store and not to sell, to haue a lofe for his money, she aun∣swered, that she had none to sell, he said he would haue one, and folowed her, and when she perceiued that, she cried, a force a force, the tounes men of Caleis, or Caleis males, sodainly rong their common bell, and all the toune went to harneis, and the fewe Englishmen that wer on lande wēt to their bowes. The Spaniardes cast dartes, and sore anoyed and hurt the Englishmen: and thei likewise hurte and slew diuerse Spanyardes. Then the Capitaines of Englande for their parte, and the lordes of the Counsaill for their parte, toke suche pain, that the fraie was seased, and but one Englisheman slain, and of the Spanyardes diuerse slain.

Then all Englishe menne were commaunded to go aborde with their shippes. The lordes of Spayne came to the lorde Darcie, saiyng: Sir, we praie you, sithe you knowe the kynges pleasure and haue your wa∣ges, that you with all your people will go with your shippes awaie, for we perceiue you owe vs some displeasure. Then he boldly answered sai∣yng, that he would all the worlde knewe, that he was as able to condu••t his menne homewarde, as he was to bryng theim out of their countrey, without the kyng of Arragōs wages, (sauyng his honor) and as for the ••raie, it was against his will and without his knowlege: and so that night he and all his men, went aborde with their shippes.

When this iorney was come to this poynt, Henry Guilforde, Westō, Browne, and Willyam Sidney, young and lustie Esqutres, desired li∣cense to see the Courte of Spayne, whiche was to theim graunted: and then thei departed from Caleis, and came to the Courte of the kyng of Arragon, where thei wer highly entertained, & he dubbed Henry Guild∣ford, West••n, and Browne, knightes, and gaue to sir Henry Guilforde, a Canton of Granado, & to sir Westō, and Browne, and Egle of Scicile on a cheffe to the augmentacion of their armes: William Sidney, so ex∣cused himself, that he was not made knight, and when thei had soiornied there a while, thei tooke their leaue of the kyng and quene, & so returned through Fraunce into England, where thei demained thēselfes so, y^• thei had the kynges fauoure, notwithstandyng it was thought contrary.

Duryng whiche season the lorde Darcie, the .xvii. daie of Iune made saile towarde Englande, and arriued at Plimmouthe, and came to the kyng at Wyndsore, and in August thus ended this voyage.

Duryng the tyme that the Lorde Darcie was in Spayne, the Ladie Margaret Duches of Sauoy, & daughter to Maximilian themperor, and gouernor of the countreis of Flaunders, Brabant, Holland, Zelāde and other the lowe countreis apperteinyng to Charles the yong prince

of Castell, then beeyng of tendre age, sent in thende of Maij to the kyng of England to haue .xv.c. archers, to aide her against y^• duke of Geldres which sore trobled the coūtreis aforsaid. The kyng tendrely regardyng the request of so noble a lady, & also because there was a communicaciō hangyng at their tyme of mariage, to be had betwene the young Prince Charles, and the lady Marie his sister, moste iently graūted her request, and appoynted sir Edward Pounynges knight of the garter, and cōp∣troller of his house, a valiant capitain & a noble warrior, to be the lieue∣tenaunt & conducter of thesaid .xv.c. archers, whiche accōpaignied with the lord Clyntō his sonne in lawe, sir Mathew Broune, sir Ihon Digh∣by, Ihon Werton, Richard Whethrill, Sherley Esquires & diuerse tal gentlemen and yomen, well knowen men and tried, to thesaid nombre of xv.c. toke their shippyng a mile beside Sādwiche, the .xviii. daie of Iu∣ly, & landed at Armew the .xix. daie, not without some troble by reason of a litle storme, & sent Lancastre Herauld to auertise the lady of their ar∣riuall, whiche sent to thē lord Bresley knight of the Toyson, and diuerse other to welcome thē, and so conduited thē to Barow, where the lorde of the toune made them greate chere. And thesame day at after noone, came the lady Margaret to Barow, where y^• capitain with all his vnder capi∣taines receiued her at the gate, she welcomed thē hartely, & so she did all the souldiers whiche stode a long reinged in the strete. And on saterdaie beyng the .xxvi. daie of Iuly, she sawe all the cōpaignie shote, & thesame night the capitain and other toke his leaue of her, & the morowe beeyng sondaie departed to Rossindale, and so on thursday the last daie of Iuly came to Buldike, & that daie the ladie Margaret came thether. And the next day, the whole armie of Almaines, Flemynges, and other appertei∣nyng to thesaied lady, met with thenglishemen without Buldike, where the•• set furth in ordre, the lady Margaret beyng present: which toke her leue of all the capitaines and departed to Buldike, whom sir Edwarde Pounynges conduited to the toune gate, and after returned to tharmie. Tharmie to the nombre of .x.M. of the ladies part, & .xv.c. Englishmen passed through Brabant, & came the .x. daie of August beyng .s. Laurēce daie, before a litle castle stādyng on the higher side of the riuer of Mase called Brymuoyst strongly bulwarked, in the whiche wer .c. men belon∣gyng to the bastarde of Gelders, with a capitain called Lankessell van Gelder, whiche robbed & spoyled all the parties of Brabāt. Thei within shot fiercely at tharmy as it passed by, and did them litle hurt. Thesame night Thomas Hert chief gouernor of thēglish part, made his approch of his ordinaūce, & in the mornyng bet doune as much as might be bea∣ten doune for the bulwarkes, & the next daie beyng the .xi. of August the castle was assaulted valiantly, & takē by force, & the capitain and .lxxx. & odde men wer slain & .xix. taken, of the which xi. wer hanged, Ihon Mor tō capitain of .c. Englishmē, & one Guiot an esquire of Burgoin criyng Burgoyne. S. George: there was one Englisheman slain and no more.

On thursdaie the .xiiii. daie, tharmie feried oeur the riuer of Mase in

to the land of Geldres, and their soiornied at a litle churche, of our ladie daie the Assumpcion that night, and the nexte daie thei came to a toune called Aiske, belongyng to the Bastarde Geldres, where all the people wer fled, and there was vndermined and caste doune, a litle castle stan∣dyng of thesaid riuer newly edified.

The .xx. of August thei brent the toune of Aiske, and brent al the coū∣trey aboute, and came at last to a toune called Straulle, a strong toune double diked & walled, and within it .iii.C.lx. good men of warre beside the inhabitauntes, whiche at the firste commyng shot Gonnes fiercely and hurte many, and there thei planted their siege.

Sir Edward Pounynges, whiche euer was in the forward with his archers, caused fagottes to be made, and trenches to be digged and cast and his men wer so diligent, that his trenche, in the mornyng approched so nye the toune gate, that thei within wer halfe dismaied: and desired to speake with the Lordes, and so thei did. And on. S. Barthelmewes euen, were sixe men sent out of the toune to treate, and sixe hostages deliuered for theim, and then it was agreed that all men of warre should departe with a white sticke in their handes, & to ••orfet all other thynges, and all the toune dwellers to bee prisoners at the will of the Prince of Castle. The next daie, after the men of warre wer departed, erly in the mornyng sir Ihon Dighby knight, and Ihon Norton Esquire, toke possession of the toune with .CC. Englishe menne: and at after None the Admirall of Flaunders, sir Edward Pounynges, & the lorde Discilstain, chief capi∣taines of tharmie, with all other noble men, with Trūpettes, & Arthoys and Lancastre, and Ostriche, officers at armes in their coates of armes before theim gorgeously appareied, entered the toune, and in the toune hall, toke thothe of thinhabitantes, and y^• night returned to their armie.

The .xxvi. daie of thesame moneth, sir Ihon Dighby, and Ihon Nor∣ton, came out of the toune with all their Englishmen, and for them ente∣red a capitain called Yonker Otes, with .CC.l. Almaines, to kepe there a garrison, the whiche daie the armie went before Uenlow & sent Artoys with a trumpet to somon the toune: but thei would not here them speke▪ but shot gunnes at theim. The .xxviii. daie, the armie remoued vnto the Northside of Uenlow, and part went ouer the water and made trenches to the water. The capitain of the Englishemen made trenches euen to the toune diche, and the artilerie bet doune the towers of the walles, and euery daie was some skirmishe. And the .xxix. daie as certain Englishe∣men went a foragyng, it happened .x. of sir Ihon Dighbes men to go .v. mile from the armie, and to mete with .xxiiii. horsmen of Geldres which set on them, but thei withdrew themselfes into a litle garden, and shot at their enemies, and slewe twoo horsemen and .v. horses, gauled and hurte many of thē, discomfited the remnant, and brought two greate horses to tharmie, and euery man was sore hurte, but in no perell of death thāked be God. The siege thus continuyng, not without skirmishes xxix. daies sir Edward Pounynges, sir Ihon Dighby dined with monsire de Rony

and all other Englishe capitaines, and petie Capitaines, dined with an Almain called Clene Anderlyne, except sir Mathew Broune, and Ihon Fogge whiche kepte the felde, and Richard Wethill whiche kepte the trenche and was sore besette: and in the dinner tyme, thei of the toune is∣sued out on thenglishemen, and hurte and toke, one Sheldwiche of Cā∣terbury prisoner, and one Miles: and thenglishmen hurt and slewe ma∣ny of theim, and compelled theim to returne by force of Arrowes, and so thei reculed with one prisoner. For Miles, whiche was led betwene two of the Gelders, perceiuyng rescue commyng, after as he came to an hill, thurst the two Gelders doune the hill before hym, and so ranne backe to his compaignie, which thyng the two Gelders that led hym perceiuyng ranne to Sheldwiche and slew him. The Burgonions perceiuyng, that sir Edwarde Pownynges was displeased with this chaunce, exhorted hym with his menne to assault the toune, whiche by thaduise of bastard Emery answered that the cause was theirs, and not his Maisters: and if he gatte the toune by assault, the kyng his Master should not haue it, but if thei would geue the assaulte, he would ioyne with theim, whiche thyng thei would not do, because thei had kinsemen and frendes, within the toune: sauyng one daie a fewe Almaines assaulted a Bulwerke, and wer slain and taken.

The Englishe capitaines perceiuyng that thei laye there in vain, cō∣sideryng the strength of the toune, and also how their armie was not in nombre to enuiron the toune, for euer thei had one Gate open, wrote to the kyng▪ whiche willed them with all spede to returne, and so thei did.

Sir Edward Pownynges went to the Court of Burgoyn, where he was highly enterteined of the young prince, & the Lady Margaret his aunte, and receiued great thākes and giftes for his pain. And other ca∣capitaines, as sir Ihon Norton, sir Ihon Fogge, sir Ihon Scot, and sir Thomas Lind, were made knightes of the Prince. And the lady Mar∣garet, perceiuyng the coates of the souldiers to bee foule with liyng on the ground, (for euery man lay not in a tent) gaue to euery yoman, a cote of wollen clothe of yelowe, red, white and grene coloures, not to her litle laude and praise emong thenglishmen. After that sir Edward pounyn∣ges had been highly feasted, and more praised of all men for his valiant∣nes, and good ordre of his people, he returned with his cōpaignie into England, and had lost by warre and sickenes, not fully an .C. persones.

When the Englishemen were departed, Geldres issued out daily, and made skirmisshes and fraies with the Burgonions, and asked for their Archers, and Wynter beganne sharpely to approche, and by aboun∣daunce of rayne the riuer of the Masse roase so high, that the Trenches were drouned, and of force menne were compelled to remoue. And when the Capitaynes considered the strengthe of the Towne, howe it was fortified, victayled and manned, and howe by the rysyng of the Ryuer it was made stronger: thei determined to rayse the Siege, and too burne and destroye all the Uillages and Townes aboute,

of the whiche toune of Uēlow, should haue succor in winter, and to mete again, at the Prime tyme of the yere. Thus was the siege raised, and the countrey wasted and spoyled, and then euery capitain returned home.

In Iune the kyng beyng at Leicester, tidynges wer brought to hym, that Andrew Barton a Scottishe manne, and a pirate of the sea, saiyng that the kyng of Scottes, had warre with the Portingales, did rob eue∣ry nacion, & so stopped the kynges stremes, that no merchauntes almost could passe, and when he toke thenglishemenes goodes, he said thei wer Portyngales goodes, and thus he haunted and robbed at euery hauēs mouthe. The kyng moued greately with this craftie pirate, sent sir Ed∣mond Haward lord Admirall of England, and lorde Thomas Haward sonne and heire to therle of Surrey, in all the hast to the sea, whiche, ha∣stely made redy two shippes, and without any more abode, toke the sea, and by chaunce of wether were seuered. The lorde Haward liyng in the Dounes, perceiued where Andrew was making toward Scotlāde, and so fast thesaied lorde chased him, that he ouer tooke hym, and there was a sore battaill: thenglishmen wer fierce, and the Scottes defended them manfully, and euer Andrew blewe his whistell to encorage his men, yet for al that, the lorde Haward and his men, by cleane s••rength entred the mayne decke: then the Englishemen entered on all sides, and the Scot∣tes foughte sore on the hatches, but in conclusion, Andrewe was taken, whiche was so sore wounded, that he died there: then all the remnaunte of the Scottes wer taken, with their shippe called the Lion.

Al this while, was the lord Admirall in chace of the Barke of Scot∣lande, called Ienny Pirwyn, whiche was wont to saile with the Lion in compaignie, and so muche did he with other, that he laied hym on borde, and fiercely assailed hym, and the Scottes as hardy and well stomaked men them defended, but the lorde Admirall so encoraged his menne, that thei entered the Barke and slewe many, and toke all the other.

Thus wer these two shippes taken, and brought to Blacke Wal, the seconde daie of August, and all the Scottes were sent to the Bishoppes place of Yorke, and there remained at the kynges charge, til other direc∣cion was taken for theim.

After this, the kyng sent the bishop of Winchester, and certain of his counsaill to tharchebishop of Yorkes place, where the Scottes wer pri∣soners: & there the bishop rehersed to thē, wher as peace was yet betwene England and Scotland, that thei contrary to that, as theues & pirates, had robbed the kynges subiectes within his stremes, wherfore, thei had deserued to die by the law, & to be hanged at the low water marke. Then said the Scottes, we knowlege our oftence, & aske mercie & not the lawe. Then a priest, which was also a prisoner said, my lordes we appele from the kinges iustice to his mercy. Then the bishop asked him, if he wer au∣cthorised by thē to say so, & thei cried al yea yea, then said he, you shal find y^• kinges mercy, aboue his iustice. For wher you wer ded by y^e law yet by his mercy he wil reuiue you, wherfore, you shal depart out of this realme

within .xx. daies, vpon pain of death, if you bee founde after the .xx. daie, and praie for the kyng, and so thei passed into the Countrey.

The kyng of Scottes, hearyng of the death of Andrewe of Barton, and takyng of his twoo shippes, was wonderfull wrothe, and sent let∣ters to the kyng, requiryng restitucion, accordyng to the league and a∣mitie. The kyng wrote with brotherly salutaciōs, to the kyng of Scot∣tes, of the robberies and euill dooynges of Andrew Barton, and that it became not one Prince, to laie a breache of a league, to another Prince, in doyng Iustice vpon a pirate or thiefe, and that all the other Scottes that were taken, had deserued to dye by Iustice, if he had not extended his mercie: & with this answere, the Scottishe Herauld departed home.

Duryng this season, there began greate warre, betwene Pope Iuly, and the Frenche kyng, Loys the .xii: the occasion beganne by one Ihon Bentiuoyle, a greate lorde of Italie, whiche kepte the citee of Boloigne¦le Grace, from the Pope, whiche, by the aide of the Frenche kyng, gatte thesaied citee, from the forenamed Ihon Bentiuoyle: but afterward be∣cause thesaid Pope Iuly, tooke peace with the Uenecians, the Frenche kyng turned from the Pope, and made warre on hym, in the behalfe of Ihon Bentiuoyle, and toke from hym again, thesaid citee of Boloigne.

The kyng of Englande, wrote often to kyng Loys of Fraunce, to de∣sist from the persecutyng of the Pope, whiche was his frende and confe∣derate: to whiche writyng he gaue litle regard, wherefore, the kyng sent hym woorde, to deliuer hym his lawfull enheritaunce, bothe of the Du∣chie of Normādie and Guyan, and the countreis of Aniow and Mayne and also of his Croune of Fraunce, els he would come with suche a po∣wer, that by fine force he would obtein his purpose. For all these writin∣ges, the Frenche kyng still made warre in Italie, and the kyng could of hym, haue no certain nor determinate answere. Wherefore, after greate deliberacion had, by the aduise of his counsaill, he determined to make warre on the Frenche kyng, and his Countreis, and called to hym Ma∣ximilian the Emperor, and Ferdinand kyng of Arragon, and diuerse o∣ther princes, and made preparacion, bothe by sea and by lande, and for∣tified his frontiers against Fraunce, and set furth shippes to the sea, for defence of his merchauntes, whiche wer daily in ieoperdy, vnder a pre∣tensed peace of the Frenche kyng, Lewes the .xii.

The kyng this yere, kep•• the reast of Christmas at Grenewiche, wher was suche abundaunce of viādes serued, to all comers of any honest be∣hauor, as hath been fewe times seen. And against Newyeres night, was made in the halle a Castle, gates, towers, and dungion, garnished with artilerie, and weapon after the moste warlike fashion: and on the frount of the castle, was written le Fortresse dangerus, and within the castle wer vi. Ladies, clothed in Russet Satin, laide all ouer with leues of Golde, and euery owde, knit with laces of blewe silke and golde. On their hed∣des, coyfes, and cappes all of gold.

After this castle had been caried about the hal, and the quene had be∣helde

it, in came the kyng with fiue other, appareled in coates, the one halfe of russet satyn, spangeld with spangels of fine gold, the other halfe riche clothe of gold, on their heddes cappes of russet satin, embroudered with workes of fine gold bulliō. These vi. assaulted the castle, the ladies seyng them so lustie and coragious, wer content to solace with them, and vpon farther communicacion, to yeld the castle, and so thei came doune and daunced a long space. And after the ladies led the knightes into the castle, and then the castle sodainly vanished, out of their sightes.

On the daie of the Epiphanie at night, the kyng with a .xi. other were disguised, after the maner of Italie, called a maske, a thyng not seen a∣fore in Englande, thei were appareled in garmentes long and brode, wrought all with gold, with visers and cappes of gold, & after the ban∣ket doen, these Maskers came in, with sixe gentlemen disguised in silke bearyng staffe torches, and desired the ladies to daunce, some were con∣tent, and some that knewe the fashion of it refused, because it was not a thyng commonly seen. And after thei daunced, and commoned together, as the fashion of the Maske is, thei tooke their leaue and departed, and so did the Quene, and all the ladies.

The .xv. daie of Ianuarij began the Parliament, where the Bisshop of Cantorburie, began his oracion with this verse, Iusticia & pax oscula∣te sunt, vpon whiche, he declared how Iustice should bee ministered, and peace should bee nourished, and by what meanes, Iustice was put by, and peace ••nrned into warre. And there vpon he shewed, how the Frēche kyng would do no Iustice, in restoryng the kyng his right enhe••••••aūce, wherefore, for lacke of Iustice, peace of necessitie must turne to warre.

In this Parliament was graunted, twoo fiftenes of the temporaltie, and of the clergie twoo dismes: Duryng whiche Parliament, one New∣bolt yoman of the kynges Garde, whom, the kyng highly fauored, slewe wilfully a seruaunt of my lorde Willoughbies, in the palaice at West∣minster, wherefore, the kyng abhorryng that deede, and settyng a side al affeccion, caused hym to be hāged, in the Palaice of Westminster, where he hong twoo daies, in example of other.

In this season, one Iherome Bonuise, whiche was borne in Luke, and was a factor in London for Merchauntes of that nacion, and had plaied Bankroute, and was conueighed out of the realme for debt, was nowe in suche fauor with Pope Iuly, that he made hym his Collector, and Proctor in Englande: and so he kept a greate porte, and resorted to the kyng and his coūsaill, for the Popes affaires, (whiche then was sore troubled by the Frenche kyng) so that he knewe, bothe the Popes coun∣saill, and the kynges, and falsly and vntruly, resorted by nighte, to the Frenche Ambassadors, liyng in London, and to theim discouered, what the kyng and the Pope entended, whiche was not so closly doen, but the king knewe it: and so he was laied for, and was taken commonyng, with one of thesaid Ambassadors, vpon Londō wall at midnight, & brought to the Tower, where he remained, till by the suite of his frendes, he was

deliuered, and shortly for shame, voyded the realme.

After that it was concluded, by the body of the Realme, in the high Courte of Parliament assembled, that warre should bee made on the Frenche kyng and his dominions, the kyng with all diligence caused newe shippes to be made and repaired, and rigged the old, caused Gon∣nes, Bowes, Arrowes, and all other artilery, and instrumentes of warre to be made, in suche nombre and quantitee, that it was wonderfull to se what thynges wer doen, bothe for sea and lande in so shorte space.

The kyng of Arragon, whiche also had warre with the French kyng, and hearyng that his sonne the kyng of England would make warre in Fraūce, did write to hym that the duchie of Euyan, was his true enheri∣taunce, whiche, adioyned to his coūtrey of Biskey: wherfore, if the kyng of Englande would entende to recouer his Duchy first, and send an ar∣mie of men to Biskaye, and so to begin at Bayon, whiche is the keye of Guyan, he would aide them with ordinaunce, horsemen, and beastes for cariages, with other necessaries apperteignyng to thesame.

The kyng and his counsaill, puttyng their affiaunce in the promise of the kyng of Arragon, prepared a noble armie all of ••otemen, and smal ordinaunce, trustyng to the kyng of Arragon for aide of horsemen and greate ordinaunce, and of thesame made capitain, the noble lorde Tho∣mas Grey Marques of Dorset, to whom, he assigned many other gen∣tlemen, as you shall here after in the next yere.

¶The .iiii. yere.* 1.8

THE kyng greatly studiyng, to furnishe furthe his warre, whiche he had begonne against the Frenche kynge, caused sir Edwarde Hawarde his Admirall, with all diligence to take the sea, whiche, with all spede possible made ready di∣uerse goodly and tall shippes, as the souereigne and other to the nombre of .xviii. beside litle shippes: and in his compaignie were Capitaines, sir Weston Browne, Griffith Doune, Edwarde Cobham, Thomas Wyndam, Thomas Lucie, Willyam Pirton, Henry Shir∣borne, Stephen Bull, George Witwange, Ihon Hopton, Willyam Gimstone, Thomas Draper, Edmond Coke, Ihō Brodet, with diuerse other. When all these were shipped, thei sailed to Douer, and skowred the seas, and so came before Portesmouthe, aboute the middes of Maie.

The third daie of Maie, a gentleman of Flaunders, called Guyot of Guy, came to the kyng, with .v.C. Almaines all in white, whiche was cutte so small, that it could soace hold together. After thei had mustered at Blacke Hethe, the kyng made hym knight, and gaue hym a greate chayne, and yerely pencion, and sent hym with his band to Southam∣pton. About midde Maie, the lorde Marques and other noble men, ap∣poynted by the kyng for the iorney of Biskay, as the Lorde Hawarde, sonne and heire to the erle of Surrey, the Lorde Broke, the Lorde Wil∣loughby, the Lorde Ferrers, the lorde Ihon, the lorde Anthony, and the

the lorde Leonard Grey, all three brethren to the Marques, sir Griffith App Rice, sir Morreis Barkeley, sir Willyam Sandes, the Baron of Burfford, sir Richard Cornwall his brother, Willyam Huse, Ihō Mel∣ton, Willyam Kyngston Esquires, sir Henry Willoughby, and diuerse other with souldiours, to the nombre of .x.M. men, came to Southam∣pton and there mustered. To se the lordes and gentlemen, so well armed and so richely appareled in clothes of gold, and of siluer, and Ueluettes of sundery coloures, pounsed and enbr••udered, and all petie capitaines in Satin and damaske, of white and grene, and yomen in clothe of the∣same coloures. The Baners, Penons, Standerdes, and Gittons, freshe and newly painted, with sundery beastes and deuises, it was a pleasure to behold. And when sir Willyam Sandes knight, appoynted Threa∣sorer for the warres had paied all the wages, then euery man was com∣maunded to his shippe. Then you should haue seen byndyng of males, and fardelles, trussyng of coffers and trussers, that no manne was idle: and so on the .xvi. daie, all the armie wer shipped in Spanishe shippes, vitailed for that iorney, and passed the Nedles of Wight all thesame daie▪ and so did the Lorde Admirall, whiche laie abidyng the wynde at Portesmouth, and toke his course to Britain, of whō I will speke after.

The wynde serued the Marques and his compaigne so well, that he with his whole armie arriued in Biskay, at a Porte called Passagh, Southe West of Fountrabie. The thirde daie of Iune, the lorde Mar∣ques and all his faire compaignie landed, and tooke the felde, and hym wisely embattailed for his sauegard. The Biskaynes that brought vi∣taile to the armie, saied to the souldiours: Sirs you bee arriued her, in trust that the kyng of Arragon will helpe you with ordinaunce and ca∣riages, we here no preparacion that he maketh, nor neuer sent vs worde to prepare for your commyng, of the whiche wee maruell muche. These wordes ranne daily through the hoste, whiche made many men sad & to muse: and the Biskanes sore feared, least thenglishemen would destroye their countrey, because their kyng kepte not promise with theim, but the Marques made suche streight Proclamacion, that no souldiour durste do any iniurie to them. Within three daies after that the armie had lien in the feld, there came to him an erle, and another noble man, to welcome hym and his compaignie. Then the Lorde capitain remoued his felde, and toke another place nerer Fountraby, more plenteous of water and woodde, and there pitched his felde, euery daie lookyng for aide of the kyng of Arragon, but he harde of none. Then he called a Counsaill, and deuised how thei might haue beastes to draw ordinaunce and cariages then one sir Ihon Stile an Englisheman, caused to be bought twoo .C. Mulettes an Asses, of suche price as the Spanyardes gayned greatly, and when thei were putte to cary, thei would neither bere nor drawe, for thei wer beastes whiche wer not exercised a fore. Then the Lorde Mar∣ques muche lamented that chaunce, for if he had had redy two hundred drawyng beastes, he might haue runne a greate waie in Guian with his

power, whiche then was not fortified, neither of men of warre, nor mu∣nicions, nor artilarie.

The Frenchemen of Bayon, hearyng of the Englishemennes campe, made a greate askry betwene the riuer of sainct Maria and Bayon: the Englishmen perceiuyng thesame, passed y^e riuer in good ordre of battail, all beyng on foote for lacke of the horsemen that the kyng of Arragon promised, and so with arrowes chased the Frenchemen on horsebackes that thei fled, and many horses foundered, and many a man was brosed or thei came to Bayon: at the whiche thenglishmen laughed & lamented. Firste, to se their cowardnes, second, to remembre what thei might haue doen, if thei had had horses mete for their purpose: yet all this notwith∣standyng, thei retired to their campe in suche ordre, that the Spanyar∣des wondered muche, bothe at their fierce corage and sobre ordre.

The kyng of Nauar, hearyng of the puissaunt armie of the Englishe¦men liyng in Biskey so nere to his countrey, was sore troubled, & won∣dered muche what the matter should meane: wherfore, he sent to the lord Marques, a bisshop and diuerse other, to shewe to hym and all his coū∣saill, that if it pleased them, his countrey should sende them victaill, and all thynges necessarie for their money, and to do any other pleasure that thei could do, whiche might be to the pleasure of hym and all his armie, so y^• his realme should be sure of any inuaciōs to be made by his people

The Marques beyng capitain generall, with the aduise of the other Lordes and counsaill, muche highly thanked the kyng of Nauer of his good wil, aide, and comfort, which thynges onely thei required: and if it pleased hym, that his people will and maie victaill vs, we shall not one∣ly paie theim for it, but also warraunt the passyng and repassyng for vs and oures in sauetie, and that by vs no preiudice shalbee dooen to his realme, ••or by our concent. With whiche answere the kyng of Nauer was ioyous, and suffered his people to victaill, and resort to the hoosie, with all thynges necessarie and belongyng to thesame, in greate windes and stormes, for that tyme happened muche wind and raine, whiche sore encombered the souldiours, that laye nightly on the bare grounde, for e∣uery man had not a tent or pauilion, whereof some were lame, and some deffe, with other diseases.

When the armie had lien there .xxx. daies, in the seconde campe there came from the kyng of Arragon, a bisshop and other nobles of his coū∣saill: but whē it was knowen that it was thesame bisshop that made the answere to the lorde Darcle at Caleis Males; as you haue hard the last yere, then many saied, he came for no good but for delaies: but he requi∣red the lord Marques to take pacience, for shortly suche prepare should bee made, that he should see and proue, that it should bee to the honor of his Master, And his greate renoume, to whom the Marques answered, that vpon confidence of the kyng of Arragons promise that thei should lacke no beastes mete for drawyng, and horsemen, the kyng of England had sent hym and his compaignions thether, whereof we haue trusted

sithe our firste hether commyng, whiche thynges if wee had had, we had dooen other enterprises then we haue doen: for now we haue lien here in campe▪ to the greate charge of our Master the kyng of England, and to no profite, and to our losse and greate hurt. For at our arriuall the coū∣trey of Guyan for the whiche we came, was vnprouided of men of warr, municions, and ordinaunce, by reason whereof (if all thynges had been accomplished of the part of your Master as we trusted) we might haue had that whiche we came for, and if our commission had not been to fo∣lowe the kyng your Masters will, as to whom we bee sent, I assure you we would haue dooen other wise or this: but now the Frenchemen haue fortefied, victailed, and manned their tounes, and wee haue spent tyme and dooen nothyng al all, lyngeryng for the kyng your Master, to the losse of vs and greate blemishyng of our honours.

The bisshop perceiuyng that the Englishe capitaines were couragi∣ous and discontent with their idle abode, flatteryngly desired theim to tary a while for the best, for a backe enemie saied he, is to bee regarded. Then saied the lorde Marqu••s capitain generall, if we knewe the Kyn∣ges entent, it would suffice vs. Then saied the bisshop, you shall knowe it shortly: and so he departed from the armie.

Tharmie this lyngeryng, euer desirous to be at the busines that thei came for, their victaile was muche part Garlike, and the Englishemen did eate of the Garlike with all meates, and dranke hote wynes in the hote wether, and did eate all the hote frutes that thei could gette, whiche caused their bloudde so to boyle in their belies, that there fell sicke three thousande of the flixe, and thereof died .xviii. hundred men.

The lorde Marques and other capitaines perceiuyng this mischief, sent to the kyng of Arragon certain Lordes of the hooste to knowe his pleasure. The whiche answered them with gentle fashion, that the coun∣saill of Englande and his counsaill, had taken an ordre in all thyng of late and how the duke Dalua a greate prince of Spain, should shortly with an armie royall ioyne with theim, and so to procede in their enter∣prise. With whiche answere and small chere, the lordes of Englande de∣parted, and made report to their capitain accordyng, whiche thought it verie sleight, but euer he regarded his Masters commaundement, and counsailed all the lordes to be content with thesame.

The armie liyng thus still, and the sickenes not slaked, the people be∣yng idle, some euill disposed persones saied, that euery capitain was a∣lowed .viii.d. for a common souldier, whiche was vntrue, for thei had a∣lowed onely .vi.d, and so began together compaignies, the lordes percei¦uyng this, toke with theim their trustie seruauntes, and toke the begin∣ners of the mischief, whiche wer of the retinue of my lorde Willoughby, and put them in warde. When thei wer arrested, other of like euil dispo∣sicion began to crake and face, whiche thyng beyng perceiued, the lorde Marques by the aduice of other capitaines caused serche to bee made, and so founde out the beginner of the mischief, whiche was deliuered to

Willyam Kyngston Esquire then Prouost Marshall, and so was put to death to the terror of all other.

Duryng the tyme that the armie laie thus lyngeryng, the Frenchmen diuerse tymes came to behold the Englishemen, and when thei sawe any parte of the armie remoue toward theim, incontenent thei fled: and so the Englishe archers euery daie went a forragyng on the borders of Guian almoste to Bayon, and brent many pretie vilages, but euer thei desired to haue tidynges of the kyng of Arragon, and to know what thei should do, for thei wer commaunded to be ruled by them.

The Englishemen thus liyng idlely abidyng the aide of the kyng of Arragon, tidynges came daily into the host, how the Duke Dalua was commyng with a great puissaunce to ioyne with the Englishe army, and so to inuade Guyan: the Englishe capitaines were ioyfull of these tidyn∣ges, not so muche for the aide of the Spanyardes whiche thei litle re∣garded, but for the beastes for cariage of greate artilerie, whiche thei brought not with theim, in hope of the kyng of Arragons promes: for if thei had had beastes for their cariage, and greate ordinaunce accordyng to the appoyntement, thei would haue doen otherwise, whiche thyng sore greued their hartes.

Now thei thus lokyng for the Duke Dalua, hard euery daie how he marched towarde theim, and was within a daies iorney or litle more of them, of the whiche the Englishe menne were merueilous ioyfull, but the Duke whiche pretended another thyng, sodainly remoued his armie in a night with suche diligēce that he entered the realme of Nauer, and was before the citie of Pampilona the chief citie of Nauer before the kyng wist of it, whiche nothyng suspected of that pollicie.

Thus the kyng was sodainly trapped, supposyng tharmie of Spain to haue been reised to inuade Guyan, and hauyng nothyng defensable for the warre, in the night fled out at a posterne into Fraunce where he after died. The citie of Pampilona and all the coūtrey of Nauer, beyng vnprouided of artilarie and other defences, yelded thēselfes to the Spa∣nyardes, and thus was the realme of Nauer wonne, whiche thyng made the lorde Marques and his compaignie not a litle to maruell. So shor∣tely after came to the lorde capitain and the Englishemen, diuerse Lor∣des sent from the Kyng of Arragon, whiche saied: The kyng our soue∣raigne lorde, sendeth to you greate gramercies, and highly thāketh you for your pain, and so it is that by Goddes grace and your good abode, he with his power hath taken and conquered the realme of Nauer, and if that countrey had not bee taken, thei might haue intercepted all suche ordinaunce and victail, as the kyng of Arragon our master might haue sent to you, but now you bee in suche a suretie and his puyssaunce with you, and youres with his, that ye maie sauely ioyne, whiche you shall see shortly, ye and he hymself in proper person to ioyne with you. Well said the lorde Marques capitain generall, we haue soieourned long here a∣bidyng his commyng, and if the commission and expresse commaunde∣ment

of the kyng my soueraigne lord wer not, that I should do nothyng without the assent of the kyng your master, I assure you that the French¦menne should haue knowen that Englishemen had been here, and not to haue lien so long in idlenes as we haue dooen: but if the kyng your ma∣ster doo as you reporte, it shalbee muche to his honor and to our greate comforte, and so the lordes of Spayne departed.

As the armie of Englishemen thus laie in campe, there was a village called Sancta Maria, in whiche diuerse of the Englishemen, and espe∣cially suche as had been sicke, resorted and reposed theimself, not to the litle auauntage of the toune, so it fortuned that a Spanyard gaue euill language to the Englisheman, whiche gaue hym a buffet on the face, the toune rose and sett on the Englisheman, and gathered in suche a multi∣tude, that the Englisheman whiche was the first beginner was slain, be∣cause onely three Englishemen came to his rescue, whiche wer all hurte. The Almaynes that laie at the tounes ende, strake Alarum whiche hea∣tyng the campe, cried to harnes euery man. The tidynges were brought to the campe, that thei of the toune had slain an Englishman, and would bid battaill: the souldiers hearyng this, in a rage ranne to the toune in suche maner, that the capitaines could not stay them, and slewe and rob∣bed the people without mercy. The people fled ouer the water into Guy∣an. The Capitaines seeyng this, with their priuie seruauntes kepte the straightes, by the whiche the souldiers returned with village and nape∣rie, brasse, pewter, beddes, plate, and other houshold stuffe, and apparell: which was commaunded to be laied doune by the lordes on a hepe. And after the lordes went to the toune to se what harme the Englishmen had doen, there thei found many Biskaynes slain, and the toune robbed, and the people fled. Then thei by sobre meanes & gentle exhortacion, brought all the souldiers to the campe: then Proclamacion was made that euery man vpon pain of death should bryng in his pillage. Now there wer .xxi men, of whō one was a gentleman, whiche had taken awaie .x. thousande Dukates, who fled toward Gascoyne and were taken, and brought be∣fore the lorde capitain and other, and adiudged to dye: of the whiche .vii. wer put in execucion, and the other .xiiii. should haue died the morow af∣ter, if the lordes of Spayne had not been there at their iudgement which with greate diligence and labor gat their pardon: and so all the pillage almoste was restored, and the countrey pacified..

Then one daie the Frenchemen whiche hard of this riot and trouble in the hoste, issued out of Bayon toward the Englishe mennes armie, the Englishmen hearyng therof, marched toward them, & when the Frenche¦men perceiued that thei wer asskried, thei sodainly returned. Thenglishe¦menne perceiuyng that the Frenchemen would not tary, went to a good toune called sainct Ihon de Luce, and brent, robbed, and killed the inha∣bitauntes, and so from thence spoyled diuerse other villages, aboute the borders of Guyan. Thus the armie laie till the moneth of October, and winter began sore to encrease, and the lorde Marques capitain generall

fell sore sicke, & then the lorde Haward had vnder hym the whole gouer∣naunce of tharmie, to whom wer sent diuerse lordes of the priuie coūsaill of Spain saiyng: the king our master sendeth you worde, that he would gladly come to you but the season is spent, the grounde is so moyste that cariage cannot bee conueighed, the feldes so barrain that beastes cannot fede, and the wether so trobleous that people cannot well lye abrode in campe: therfore he would desire you all these thynges considred, to breke vp your felde, and seuer your self to the tounes and villages of his coū∣trey, till the spryng of the yere, at whiche tyme there shall resorte to you, freshe succors out of Englande, and he hymself will be with you with al ordinaunce necessary, as becommeth to suche an armie, and then shall procede the firste pretensed enterprise, to the honor of the kyng your ma∣ster and ours, and not to your small fame and renoume. When this mes∣sage was hard by the whole counsaill, no manne was contented, but the lorde Haward whiche had the whole gouernaunce vnder the Marques saied: what report of honour can we make of the kyng of Arragon your master, for at his desire we be come hether, and here haue lien in campe a long space, euer tariyng for performaunce of his promise, & yet nothyng hath he performed, our people be dedde of the flixe in greate nombre: wee gentlemen euerychone doth muche lament this long idlenes, by reason whereof many a tall man hauyng nothyng to do, but abidyng your ma∣sters pleasure, hath fall to some mischief, or by sickenes, or els for misdo∣yng executed by Iustice. What shall the kyng our master reporte of our slothfulnes, whiche hath spent hym innumerable treasure and nothyng gained? And yet we would make Winter warre, and the kyng of Arra∣gon your master vs denieth of suche thynges as he promised, and wil∣leth vs like cowardes to our dishonor, to reise our Campe without any notable acte doen on the Frenchemen, for whiche cause we came.

The Spanyardes perceiuyng the grudge of the Englishemen, saied that tyme passed could not bee reuoked, and that thei had not lien idlely, for the frontiers of Guyan had susteined suche damage, as in many ye∣res thei shall not recouer again, and all this while the Frenchmen durst not medle with you, so that you haue lost no honor, and if you tary here this Winter by your daily in skirmishyng, thei shall receiue greate da∣mage: duryng whiche time, the kyng our master hath commaunded, that thynges mete and necessarie for you to be at your commaundement, and in the spryng of the yere, he shall ioyne with you, so that your enemies and his shall well knowe your puissaunce, for he taketh all enemies to you, to be his, so with faire wordes the counsaill of Spayne departed.

Then the lorde Haward beyng chief, because the Marques was sicke counsailed with all the other lordes and capitaines, and so in the ende of October thei agreed to breake vp their Campe, and so thei did, and the lorde Marques and his people went to sainct Sebastian, the lorde Ha∣ward and his retinew to Rendre, & the lorde Willoughby to Garschang sir Willyam Sandes and many other capitaines to Fruntrabie, and so

euery capitain with his retinew wer seuered in diuerse villages.

The English souldiers, what for sickenes, and what for miserie of the countrey, euer desired to returne into Englande. The kyng of England aduertised by the kyng of Arragon of his entent, and how he would set forward the first spryng, sent Wynsore his Herauld of Armes to his ar∣mie willyng them there to tary, and that he would sende them newe aide, vnder the conduite of the lorde Harbert his Chamberlain: whiche letter when it was redde, the souldiers began to murmure and grudge after suche a sort, saiyng: that thei would not abide and dye of the flixe in such a wretched countrey, to bee defrauded and mocked of the kyng of Arra∣gon the next yere, as thei wer this yere, and spake suche outragious wor¦des, that the capitain could not staie them, in so muche that thei in a fury had slain the lorde Haward & diuerse other, if thei had not folowed their myndes, and so thei hired shippes and putte the lorde Marques in one, whiche was so weake that he asked where he was: and then euery manne shipped, whiche was in Nouembre, and in the beginnyng of Decembre thei landed in Englande. The kyng of Arrogon was sore discontent with their departyng, for thei spent muche money and substaunce in his countrey, and saied opēly, that if thei had taried he would haue inuaded Guyan, and the Englishemen were glad that thei were departed out of suche a countrey, where thei had litle health, lesse pleasure, and muche losse of tyme: but by their liyng there, the Kyng of Arragon stale the realme of Nauer, and the Englishemen left as muche money there, as he sent into Englande with his daughter.

When the Marques sailed into Spayne in the moneth of Maij, the same tyme sir Edward Hawarde Lorde Admirall of Englande, as you haue hard before sailed toward Britaine, and on Trinitie Sundaie ar∣riued at Bertram Bay in Britain, with .xx. greate shippes, and sodainly set his men on lande: then the Britaynes made an askrie, and sette their beacons on fire, and shot out of a bulwarke that thei had fortified at the poynt of the Baye: but the Englishe men whiche wer in the ship of Wil∣lyam Gonstone Grocer of Lōdon, toke first lande maugre them all, and all other after, and so manfully thei set on the bulwarke that thei wan it, and the Britons fled and many slain. Then the Admirall set his men in an ordre, and passed in the countrey seuen myles, burnyng and wastyng tounes and villages: and in his returne he skirmished with diuerse men of armes and slewe diuerse of theim, and notwithstandyng the Britons fought valiauntly for defence of their coūtrey, yet thei lost and nothyng wan: and so the lorde Admirall returned to his shippe.

Upon mondaie the .xxiii. daie of Maie he landed in the mornyng, and commaunded to burne the lorde Piers Meguns place, and the toune of Conket and diuerse other places, and chased the Britones to the Castle of Brest, and for all assembles and showes that the Britons made, yet thei fuffered the Englishmen peaceably to returne with their praies and gaines. The Britons seyng the hurte that the nauie of Englande did to

theim, saied: alas the kyng of Englande hath euer before this tyme suc∣comed vs, and now he intendeth to destroye vs, shame come to hym that is the cause thereof.

The first daie of Iune the Englishemen toke lande in Croyton Bay: then the Lordes of Britain sent worde to the Lorde Admirall, that if he would abide, thei would fight with hym in plain felde. The Admirall re∣warded the messenger, and said, go saie to them that sent thee, that al this daie thei shall finde me here, tariyng their commyng. Then he to encou∣rage diuerse gentlemen dubbed theim knightes, as sir Edwarde Broke, brother to the lorde Cobham, sir Griffithe Doune, sir Thomas Wyndā, sir Thomas Lucie, sir Willyam Pirton, sir Henry Shirborne, sir Ste∣phen Bull, sir Ihon Burdett: Then the lorde Admirall highly incoura∣ged his men, when he sawe the Britons come, whiche wer .x. thousande at the least, the Englishemen but onely .xxv.C. or fewe aboue, biddyng thē remembre the honor and renoume that should come to theim, if thei gai∣ned the iorney, and yet if thei wer slain, their valiauntnes was to be prai¦sed, & their true diligence to do therr master seruice muche to be alowed.

When the Britons sawe the order of the Englishemen and their ban∣ners displaied, thei wer sodainly astonnied: then a gentleman of Britain of muche experience, aduised the other capitaines not to fight, but to re∣turne a litle & to take a strong grounde, and to watche the Englishemen, when thei returned to their shippes, and then to take thaunauntage. And so the capitaies began to returne: and when the commons sawe them re∣turne, all thei ranne a waie as faste as thei might, supposyng that their capitaines had seen or knowen some greate perell toward them, because thei were not priuy of their Capitaines counsaill. And when thei came home to their houses, some saied the battaill was greate, and some saied that the Englishemen wer .xl. thousande. The lorde Admirall seyng this chaunce, when night came departed to his shippes: but yet thei knewe not why thei fled, till after he hard the truthe. The gentlemen of Britain called a greate counsaill, saiyng: that the Englishemen daily wasted the countrey on the sea cost, and that there was no trust in the commonaltie, and that the gentlemen alone could not defende the countrey, wherefore, thei concluded to sende a messenger to the lorde Admirall, desiryng hym of a safe conduite for diuerse persones to speake with hym, the whiche he gently graunted. Then certain lordes of Britain toke a bote, and came to the ship of the lorde Admirall, where he was set wth all the counsaill of the capitaines about hym. Then thei desired hym humbly to ••urcest of his rigorous and cruel warre, and especially of burnyng of tounes whi∣che to you is nor proffite, and if you will haue the Castle of Brest, it shall be at your commaundement, so that you be able to defende it, and we de∣sire nothyng so muche as peace. Naie saied the Lorde Admirall, wee are sent hether to make warre and not peace. Then thei humbely required hym for Goddes sake to graunt theim peace for sixe daies, so that thei might sende to the kyng their lorde, to aduertise him of their trouble and

calamitie. Then the lorde Admirall answered, that gentlemen ought to defende their coūtrey by force, rather then to sue for peace: with the whi∣che saiyng the Britons wer ashamed: yet thei hartely thanked hym, and so he made them a banker and thei departed: & thei sent a lande for freshe water and other freshe victailes, and then hearyng that there wer men of warre vpon the sea, he coasted from them alongest al the coastes of Nor∣mandy, still skowryng the seas, so that no enemie appered: and at the last came and laie by the Isle of Wight, to see if any enemies would appere on thenglishe coast: duryng whiche tyme diuerse shippes kept the North seas, vnder the conduite of sir Edward Ichyngham, Ihon Lewes, Ihon Louedaie, whiche diligently skowred the seas.

This yere the Kyng had a solempne Iustes at Grenewiche in Iune: first came in ladies all in White and Red silke, set vpon Coursers trap∣ped in thesame suite, freated ouer with gold, after whom folowed a foun∣tain curiously made of Russet Sattin, with eight Gargilles spoutyng Water, within the Fountain sat a knight armed at all peces. After this Fountain folowed a lady all in blacke silke dropped with fine siluer, on a courser trapped in thesame. After folowed a knight in a horse litter, the Coursers and litter apparcled blacke with Siluer droppes. When the Fountain came to the tilt, the Ladies rode rounde aboute, and so did the Fountain and the knight within the litter. And after theim wer brought two goodly Coursers appareled for the Iustes: and when thei came to the Tiltes ende, the twoo knightes mounted on the twoo Coursers abi∣dyng all commers. The kyng was in the fountain, and sir Charles Brā¦don was in the litter. Then sodainly with greate noyse of Trompettes, entered sir Thomas Kneuet in a Castle of Cole blacke, and ouer the ca∣stell was written, The dolorous Castle, and so he and the erle of Esex, the lorde Haward and other rāne their courses, with the Kyng and sir Char∣les Brandon, and euer the kyng brake moste speres.

The Kyng euer remembryng his warres, caused all his shippes and Galies to be rigged and prepared, with all maner of ordinaunce and ar∣tillery, mete for shippes of warre. And emongest all other, he decked the Regent, a ship royall, as chief ship of that nauie, and then caused souldi∣ers mete for thesame shippes, to muste•• on blacke Hethe, and he appoin∣ted capitaines for that tyme, sir Anthony Oughtred, sir Edward Ichyn¦gham, Willyam Sidney, and diuerse other gentlemen, whiche shortly shipped and came before the Isle of Wight, but in their passage a Galey was lost by negligence of the Master.

The Kyng euer desiryng to see his nauie together, roade to Portes∣mouthe, and there he appoynted capitaines for the Regent, sir Thomas Kneuet Master of his horse, and sir Ihon Carew of Deuonshire. And to another ship royal called the souereigne, he appoynted sir Charles Brā∣don, and sir Henry Guildforde, and with theim in the Souereigne were put .lx. of the tallest yomen of the kynges Gard, and many other gentle∣men wer made Capitaines. The kyng made a greate banquet to all the

capitaines, and euery one sware to another euer to defend, aide, & cōfort one another without failyng, and this thei promised before the Kyng, whiche committed theim to God, and so with greate noyse of minstrelsie thei toke their shippes, whiche wer .xxv. in nombre of greate burden, and well furnished of all thynges.

The Frenche kyng hearyng what dammage thenglishmen had doen in Britaine, strongly furnished his Nauie in the hauen of Brest, to the nombre of .xxxix. saile, and for chief ordeined a Carike of Brest, apper∣teignyng to the Quene his wife, whiche was Duches and heire of Bri∣tayne called Cordelier, whiche was a strong ship furnished in all poyn∣tes, and so thei set forwarde out of Brest the .x. daie of August, and came to Britayne Bay, in whiche place the self same daie, beyng the daie of. S. Laurence, the Englishe Nauie was arriued.

When the Englishe menne perceiued the Frenche Nauie to be out of Brest hauen, then the lorde Admirall was very ioyous, then euery man prepared accordyng to his duetie, the Archers to shote, the Gonners to lose, the men of Armes to fight, the Pages went to the toppe Castle with dartes: thus all thynges beyng prouided and set in ordre, the Englishe¦men approched toward the Frenchemen, whiche came fiercely forwarde, some leuyng his Ancre, some with his foresaile onely to take the moste auauntage: and when thei wer in sight, thei shote ordinaunce so terrebly together, that all the sea coast sounded of it. The Lorde Admirall made with the greate ship of Depe, and chased her stil: sir Henry Guilford and sir Charles Brandon, made with the greate Caricke of Brest, beeyng in the Souereigne, and laied stemme to stemme to the Caricke, but by ne∣gligence of the Master, or els by smoke of the ordinaunce or otherwise, the Souereigne was cast at the sterne of the Caricke, with whiche auaū¦tage the Frenche menne showted for ioye: but when sir Thomas Kneuet whiche was ready to haue borded the greate ship of Depe, sawe that the Souereigne had missed the Caricke, whiche sir Anthony Oughtred cha¦sed hard at the starne, and bowged her in diuerse places, and set a fire her powder as some saie, but sodainly the Regent crappeled with her a long boord and when thei of the Carick perceiued that thei could not depart, thei let slip and Ancre, and so with the streme the shippes turned, and the Caricke was on the wetherside, and the Regent on the lye side, the fighte was very cruell, for the archers of the Englishe parte, and the Crossebo∣wes of the Freche part did their vttermost: but for all that the English men entered the Caricke, whiche seyng a varlet Gonner beyng desperate put fire in the Gonne powder as other saie, and set the whole ship of fire, the flame wherof, set fire in the Regent, and so these twoo noble shippes which wer so crappeled together that thei could not part, wer consumed by fire. The French nauie perceiuyng this fled in all hast, some to Brest, and some to the Isles adioynyng. The Englishmen in maner dismaied, sent out boates to help them in the Regent, but the fire was so great that in maner no man durst approche, sauyng that by the Iames of Hull wer

certein Frenchmen that could smymme saued. This burnyng of the Ca∣ricke was happie for the Frenche nauie, or els thei had ben better assai∣led of thenglishemen, whiche wer so amased with this chaunce, that thei folowed them not. The capitain of this Carick was sir Piers Morgan and with hym .ix.C. mē slain and ded: and with sir Thomas Kneuet and sir Ihon Carow wer .vii.C. men drowned and brent, and that night all the Englishemen laie in Bartrain Baye, for the Frenche flete was spar∣keled as you haue hard.

The lorde Admirall called at the capitaines together, desiryng them not to bee abasshed with this chaunce of warre, for he thought now that this was the worste fortune that could happen to theim, therfore to stu∣die how to be reuenged, and so thei concluded all to go to the sea, whiche thei did, and on the coast of Britain toke many shippes, and such as thei could not cary awaie thei set on fire, small and greate to a greate nombre on all the coast of Britain, Normandy and Picardy, and thus thei kept the sea.

The Kyng of Englande heryng of the losse of the Regent, caused a greate shippe to be made, suche another as was neuer seen before in En∣glande, and ••alled it, Henry grace de dieu.

The French kyng heryng that his flete was thus deuided, and of the losse of his greate Carick, he sent to a knight of the Rhodes called Pri∣or Ihon, whiche had three Galies of force, with diuerse Foystes & Row∣galies so well ordinaūced and with suche peces as was not seen in ship∣pes before his commyng: for he laye on the coast of Barbary, to defende certein of the Religion of the Rhodes commyng to Tripoly, and at the Frenche kynges request came into Britain and there taried.

In Nouembre the kyng called his high Courte of Parliament, and there was concluded that the kyng hymself in person, with an armie roy∣all would inuade his realme of Fraunce, with fire and Sworde, whiche thyng beeyng knowen to his subiectes, and especiall to suche as should go with hym, no man can doubt, but that preparacion was made of har∣neis, weapon, artillery, banners and all other thynges necessarie for such an enterprice.

The kyng after this Parliament ended, kept a solempne Christemas at Grenewiche to chere his nobles, and on the twelfe daie at night came into the hall a Mount, called the riche Mount. The Mount was set ful of riche flowers of silke, and especially full of Brome slippes full of cod∣des, the braunches wer grene Sattin, and the flowers flat Gold of Da∣maske, whiche signified Plantagent. On the top stode a goodly Bekon geuyng light, rounde about the Bekon sat the kyng and ••iue other, al in coates and cappes of right Crimosin veluet, enbroudered with flat gold of Dāmaske, their coates set full of spangelles of gold, and foure wood∣houses drewe the Mount till it came before the quene, and then the kyng and his compaignie discended and daunced: then sodainly the Mount opened, and out came sixe ladies all in Crimosin satin and plunket, en∣broudered

with Golde and perle, with Frenche hoddes on their heddes, and thei daunced alone. Then the lordes of the Mount tooke the ladies and daunced together: and the Ladies reentred, and the Mount closed, and so was conueighed out of the hall. Then the Kyng shifted hym and came to the Quene, and sat at the banqute whiche was very sumpteous. And after the Purificacion of our Lady, the Kyng created sir Charles Brandon Uiscount Lisle. In Marche folowyng, was the kynges nauie of shippes royall, and other mete for the warre set furth to the nombre of xlii, beside other Blangars, the lorde Admirall was chief, and with hym sir Water Deueruex lorde Ferr••is, sir Wolstan Browne, sir Edwarde Ichyngham, sir Antony Poyntz, sir Ihon Wallop, sir Thomas Wyn∣dam, sir Stephin Bull, Willyam Fitz Willyam, Arthur Plantagenet, Willyam Sidney Esquires, and diuerse other noble and valiaunt Ca∣pitaines: thei sailed to Portesmouthe, and there laie abidyng Wynde: duryng whiche tyme, the kyng sent into Flaunders for suche thynges as he neded, and caused them to be brought to Caleis against his cōmyng.

When the wynde serued, the Nauie royall of Englande wayed anker and made saile into Britain, and came into Bertram Bay, and there lay at Anker in the sight of the Frenche Nauie. Now you must vnderstand, that all the great Nauie whiche the Frenche kyng had prepared, laie in the hauen of Brest, so well furnished in al thynges, that no doubt it was a wonder to se: but when thei wer ready to sette furthe, and sawe the En∣glishe flete on the coast, thei determined clerely to saue thēselfes in Brest hauen. Then the Englishemen determined clerely to sette on them in the hauen, and so in good ordre of battaill sailed forward, but at the first en∣try, one ship, wherof Arthur Plantagenet was capitai••, fell on a blynde rocke & brast asunder, by reason wherof, all the other staied to the greate displeasure of all the remnaunt, and not to the litle ioye of the Frenchmē whiche shot at them without dooyng any harme. So the Englishe capi∣tai••es perceiuyng that the hauen was daungerous to entre without an expert lodesman, cast aboute and returned to their harborough at Ber∣tram Baye again.

The Frenchmen perceiuyng that the Englishmen intended to assaile theim, moored their shippes as nye to the Castle of Brest as thei could, and set bulwarkes on the land on euery side to shote at the Englishmen. Also thei frapped together .xxiiii. greate Hulkes, that came to the Baye for salt, and set theim on a rowe, to the intent that if the Englishe menne would haue assaulted theim, thei would haue set theim on a fire, and let theim driue with the streme emongest the Englishe Nauie. Prior Ihon also laie still in Blacke Sable or Whitesande Baye, and plucked his Galies to the shore, and sette his Basiliskes and other ordinaunce in the mouthe of the Baye, whiche Baye was bulwarked on euery side, that by water it was not possible to be wonne.

The lorde Admirall perceiuyng the Nauie of Fraunce to lye this in feare, and not willyng nor daryng come abrode, but to lye as prisoners

in a dongeon, wrote to the Kyng to come thether in persone, and to haue the honor of so high an entreprise: whiche writyng the Kynges counsaill nothyng allowed, for puttyng the kyng in ieoperdy vpon the chaunce of the sea. Wherefore the kyng wrote sharply to hym, to accomplishe that whiche apperteined to his duetie: whiche caused hym to take courage and put thynges in aduenture as after you shall here.

¶The .v. yere.* 1.9

AS you haue hard before, the lorde Admirall of England laie still on the coast of Britain in the Baye, called Bar∣trames Baye, so that for feare of hym and the Englishe Nauie, neither the greate shippes in Brest hauen durste once moue to the sea ward, nor yet Prior Ihon for al his strong Galeies would once sette out a saile: sauyng now and then sende furthe his small Foystes, to make a shewe before the En∣glishe Nauy, whiche chased them to their bay, but because the Englishe shippes were so greate thei could not entre the baye, and so manned out boates and toke one of the best Foystes, and that with greate daungier, for the Galies and the bulwarkes shot all at one time, that it was a wō∣der how the Englishemen escaped.

The Admirall of Englande perceiuyng the Frenche mennes pollicy, called a counsaill, and there determined firste to assaile Prior Ihon and his Galies, liyng in Whitsand baye, and after to set on the remnaunt in the hauē of Brest. Then first was appoynted that Water lorde Ferreis, sir Stephin Bul and other capitaines, should go a lande with a conue∣nient compaignie, to assault the bulwarkes of Whitsand bay, while the Lorde Admirall entered with rowe Barges and litle Galies into the bay, so that the Frenchmen should be assailed bothe by water and land. Thus was it fully agreed by the whole counsaill: but alas, this noble capitain counsailed by a Spanishe knight called sir Alphous Charant, whiche saied that he might entre the Baye wit•• litle ieopardy, called to hym Wilyam Fitz Willyam, Willyam Cooke, Ihon Colley, and sir Wolstan Browne as the chief and his moste trustie frendes, and decla∣red to theim that the matter was litle, and the honor greate, if thei onely tooke on theim that enterprise, and let none other knowe of it. Thei like men of haute courage and desiryng honour, gladly assented: so on sainct Markes daie the .xxv. daie of Aprill, thesaid Admirall put hymself in a small rowe barge, with three other small rowyng shippes and his awne ship boate, and so rowed sodainly into the Baye, where Prior Ihon had moored his Galies iust to the ground, whiche Galies with the bulwar∣kes on the lande, shot so terribly that thei that folowed wer a fraied: but assone as he came to the Galies, he entered and draue out the Frenche men. Willyam Fitiz Willyam within his shippe was sore hurte with a quarell. The day was very shalowe, and the other shippes could not en∣tre, for the tide was spent, whiche thyng the Frenchmen perceiuyng, and

that there could come no succoure to the Admirall, with Morris pikes entered again the Galies, and fought with the Englishemen in the Ga∣lies. And the Admirall perceiuyng their approchyng, thought to haue entered again into his rowe Barge, whiche by violence of the tide was driuen doune the streme, and so with a pike was throwen ouer the borde and so drouned, and there the forenamed Alphous was slain, and all the other boates and vesselles scaped hardely, for if thei had taried, the tide had failed them and then all had been lost. The lorde Ferreis and other capitaines muche were dolent of this chaunce, and some saied he did it without counsaill, and so he hath sped. And therefore although that thei would haue sette on the Nauie in Brest hauen, yet hauyng no Admirall nor commission, thei determined to do nothyng farther till thei knew the kynges pleasure, and so sailed into Englande. The Frenche Nauie per∣ceiuyng that the Englishemen made toward England, came out of their hauens, and Prior Ihon set furthe his Galies and Foystes, and coasted Britain and Normandy, and coasted ouer to the coast of Sussex and al his compaignie, and landed on the sea coast, and set fire on the poore co∣tages. The gentlemen that dwelte nere, shortely reised the countrey, and came to the coast and droue Prior Ihon to his Galeis. This was al the hurt that this stout capitain of so great fame did to England, sauyng he robbed certein poore. Fisshermen of Whitynges. The kyng hearyng of the death of his Admirall was not a litle sory, consideryng bothe nobi∣litie of his birthe, and the valiauntnes of his persone, but all sorowe a∣uaileth not whē the chaunce is past. Therfore the kyng heryng that the Frenche Nauie was abrode, called to hym the lorde Thomas Haward, elder brother to sir Edward Haward late Admirall, and sonne and heire apparant to the Erle of Surrey, and made hym Admirall, willyng him to reuēge his brothers death, whiche with greate reuerence, thanked the kyng of the high truste that he had put hym. And then immediatly went to the sea, and so nobly & valiauntly did skower the sea, that the French men had no lust to kepe the coast of Englande, for he fought with theim at their awne portes.

The kyng whiche had all thynges necessary and mete for the warre, entendyng to passe the sea in propre person, appoynted the valiaūt lorde George Talbot Erle of Shrewesbury, and high Steward of his hous∣hold to be capitain generall of his forward, and in his compaignie wer lorde Thomas Stanley Erle of Derby, lorde Decowrey Prior of. S. Ihons, sir Rober Radcliffe Lorde Fitzwater, the Lorde Hastynges, the Lorde Cobham, sir Rice Ap Thomas, sir Thomas Blount, sir Richard Sachiuerell sir Ihon Dighby, sir Ihon Askewe, sir Lewes Bagot, sir Thomas Cornewall, and many Knightes and Esquiers and souldiers, to the nombre of .viii.M. menne, whiche all passed the sea, and to Caleis in the middle of Maij.

The lorde Herbert called sir Charles Somerset, chief Chamberlain to the kyng: the ende of thesame monethe with .vi.M. men passed the sea

in whose compaignie were these Erles, of Northumberlande Percie, of Kent Graye, of Wilshire Stafford, the lorde Fitzwater, the lorde Dud∣ley, the lorde Delawar, sir Thomas West his sonne, sir Edward Husey, sir Robert Dimmocke, sir Dauie Owen, with many other gentlemenne, some with speres on horsebacke, some with pikes on foote, some with di∣milaunces, and this was the rereward. Such good diligēce was made that these twoo capitaines with all their compaignie, furnished with ar∣tilerie, pouder, tentes, cariages, and all thynges necessary for the warres wer landed at Caleis the last daie of Maij.

After thei had soiourned certain daies in Caleis, and that al thynges requisite wer ready, thei caused a Trompet to blowe and made Procla∣macion, that euery man should departe out of the toune, and so to begyn the campe. The erle of Shrewesbury with his compaignie first toke the felde, after hym folowed the lorde Herbert with his compaignie, in ma∣ner of a rereward. And after hym folowed the valiaunt sir Rice ap Tho¦mas, with .v.C. light horse and Archers on horsebacke, and ioyned hym to the foreward. Then was there ordre taken what persones should con¦duite the victalers that came from Caleis, and who should conduite the victalers that came out of Flaunders, for without sufficient conduite no creature durste bryng any victaile to the armie. These twoo lordes thus embattailed remoued the .xvii. daie of Iune to Sandisfelde, and on the xviii. daie thei came to Margison, on y^• farre side of the water, as though thei would haue passed streightly to Bulleyn, but thei thought other∣wise, for the nexte daie thei tooke another waie, and coasted the countrey with suche diligence, that the .xxii. daie of Iune thei with all their people ordinaunce, and habilimentes of warre, wer come before the strong citie of Tirwin, and pight their Tentes a myle from the toune, and for that night embattailed themself: and as certain capitaines wer in counsail, in the lorde Herbertes tent, sodainly out of the toune was shot a gonne, the pellet wherof slewe a noble capitain called the Baron of Carew, sittyng there in counsaill, whiche sodain aduenture dismaied muche the assem∣ble. But the lorde Herbert valiauntly cōforted theim, saiyng: this is the chaunce of warre, if it had hit me you muste haue been content, a noble harte in warre is neuer a feard of death. All the countrey of Arthois and Picardie, fortified their holdes, and made shewes as the Englishe army passed, but thei durst not once assaile them.

The citie of Tirwin was strongly fortifed with wales, rampaires, bulwarkes, with diuese fortresses in the diches, whiche wer so brode and so plume stepe y^• was wondre to behold. The lorde Pountremy was ca∣pitain generall, and with hym wer within the citie .vi.C. horsmen furni∣shed, and twoo .M.v.C. Almaines beside the inhabitauntes of the citie, the walles & towers wer ful of ordinaunce, whiche did oftentymes great displeasure to the Englishemen. The Erle of Shrewesbury laied siege to the toune, on the North West side, and the lorde Herbert on the Easte side or ende ward, the Frenchmen issued out of the toune and skirmished

with the Englishmenne, but the Archers shot so fast that thei draue the Frenchemen into the citie, and slewe and toke diuerse of them. The lorde Herbert which laie in the open sight of the toune, hauyng no hill or other thyng to succour or defende hym, caused greate trenches to be made, and so inawger his enemies he approched very nere the cite: likewise therle of Shrewesbury with the forward, gatte into an holowe ground or valey nere to the citie. Daily the Frenchmen shot at thenglishmen, and diuerse tymes issued out and skirmished, and euer thei lost by skirmishyng, but by shotyng of ordinaunce thei hurte diuerse Englishmen. Wherfore the lordes commaunded the pioners to raise a greate trenche, in whiche thei laied the greate ordinaunce, and daily as thei might thei approched: sir Rise ap Thomas with the horsemen daily skowered the countrey, & ma∣ny tymes encountered with the Frenchemen, and slewe and toke diuerse prisoners, so that the Frenchmen drewe not toward the siege, but turned another waie. Upon the Mundaie beeyng the .xxvii. daie of Iune .xxiiii. Cartes charged with victaill, wer by the Garrison of Caleis conduited to Guisnes, and there the Crewe of the castle and toune of Guisnes with three .C. foote men, vnder the conduite of sir Edward Belknappe, all be∣yng in nombre .iiii.C.lx. men, set furthe to conduite thesaied victailes to tharmie liyng before Tirwyn, and so thei passed to Arde. And while the Carters passed the toune, the horsemen fell a drinkyng in the waie, and the foote men wer all out of 〈◊〉〈◊〉. The duke of Uandosme capitain ge∣nerall of Picardie, whiche la•••• in a bushement in the forest side of Guys∣nes with .viii.C. light horsemen, toke his aduauntage and set on the vi∣ctailers, the Carters perceiuyng that, losed their horses and fledd to the toune, whiche was but a myle of and left their Cartes. Sir Nicholas Uaux capitain of Guysnes did al he could, to bryng the foote men in an ordre: but the Frenchemen set on so quickly that thei could not set theim in ordre, the horsemen of Guysnes whiche wer but onely .xxiiii. toke their speres and ioyned with the Frenchemen: the Archers of Englande whi∣che passed not .lx. shot manfully, and a noble capitain called Baltier De¦lien and diuerse other, but the Frenchemen were so many in nombre and in good ordre that thei flew viii. gentlemen of the Garrison of Guysnes, and .xxx. Archers slain and many hurte, and so thei distrussed the victai∣les, and caused sir Nicholas Uaux, and sir Edwarde Belknappe to flie toward Guisnes. This misauenture fell by tariyng of the horsemen and breakyng of array, for if tharchers had taried together it had happened otherwise, for the fewe Archers that held together, flewe and hurt diuerse Frenchemen: For on the felde laie .lxxxvii. greate horse whiche neuer wēt thence, by the whiche it appered that the Frenchemenne went not quite a¦waie without losse. When tidynges of this misauenture came to the lor∣des at the siege, thei were not a litle displeased: and sir Rise ap Thomas caused his Trompet to blowe to the stirroppe, and he with his horsemen sought the Duke of Uandosme all the countrey, whiche hearyng of the commyng of sir Rise, with greate hast retreted backe to Bangey Abbey,

where the Frenche kynges greate army laie. Sir Rise heryng y^• he was returned came the next daye agayn to y^• sege. The rumour of this skyr∣mish sprong all the English pale toward Flaunders, wherfore the tou∣nes fiered ther bekons & rang alarme, diuers honorable men y^e had pas∣sed the see w^t cōpanies of souldiours & were in Caleis, marched forward in order of battaile, but heryng of y^• departīg of Moūsire de vādosme, thei rested. Then was new prouisiō made for vitaile & sent daily frō Caleys to Turwyn by such conduite, y^• the Frenchmen would no more meddill, and the army also was well vitaled out of Flaunders and Henawde.

The army of England thus lay before the strong toune of Turwin: y^• noble kyng of Englād not forgettyng his entreprice prepared al thyng redy to passe the see in proper persone, and caused sir Ihon Wilshire to puruey for .iii.C. hoyes to carry ouer his artillery & habilimēts of warre and al his shippes of warre were on the see skowering euery coste of his realme. And when al thinges were prest, he accompanied with many no∣ble men and .vi.C. archers of his garde, al in white gabberdines & cap∣pes, departed from his manour royal of grenewich the .xv. day of Iune and so he and the quene with smal iorneys came to Douer castell & there rested, and made the quene gouerner of the realme, & commaūded Wil∣liam Warram then bishop of Cantorbury and sir Thomas Louell a sage knyght and diuers other, to gyue there attendaunce on the quene. And commaunded therle of Surrey to drawe toward the north partes left the Scottes woulde make any entreprice in his absence. Then the king toke leue of the quene and of the ladies which made such sorow for the departyng of their lords and husbandes, that it was greate dolor to beholde, and so he with all his army toke his shippe the last day of Iune beyng the daye of sainct Paule.

In the mornyng when the kyng was shipped and made saile, al y^e ar∣my folowed, to the nomber of .iiii.C. shippes, and the winde was so, that they were brought euen on the coste of picardy open vpon sainct Ihons Roade, & with the flud they haled a lōg the coste of Whitsand w^t trūpet∣tes blowyng and gonnes shotyng, to the great feare of them of Bolleyn which plainly might beholde this passage, and so came to Caleys hauē.

The kyng was receiued into a bote couered with arras, & so was set on londe. He was appareilled in almayne ryuet crested & his vābrace of thesame, & on his hedde a chapeau mōtabyn with a riche coronal, y^• folde of the chapeau was lined with crimsyn satē, & on y^• a riche brooch with y^• image of sainct George, ouer his riuett he had a garment of white cloth of gold with a redde crosse, & so he was receiued with procession & w^t hys deputie of Caleys called sir Gylbert Talbott, and all other nobles and gentlemen of the towne & countrey, & so entred in at the lanternegate & passed the stretes tyll he came to Saincte Nycholas churche, & ther he alighted & offered, & frō thens he went to y^• stapleinne where he supped.

When the kyng entred Caleys, al the banished men entred w^t hym & were restored to y^• liberty of y^• toune. To tell of y^• gonne shott of y^• toune

and of the shippes at the kynges landing it was a great wonder, for m•• of good estimaciō reported that thei harde it at Douer. The king lyeng thus in Caleys, all his army except a few of his counsail and other that gaue their attendaunce on hym laye encamped at Newnam bridge, in which campe about a .xi. of the clock at night there rose an eskrye, so that the towne of Caleys began alarme, with that the kyng waked and came to the walles, and demaunded what the matter ment, the yoman of the tē∣tes, called Richarde Gybson, shewed him howe that certayne horsmen & footmē of Fraūce, profered to come ouer the hauē, & the archers that laie next the see side entred into the water & defended y^• passage, w^t which de∣fence the Frenchmē returned, & so y^• kyng was satisfied. But after this a Frēchmā of Whitsād bay & one of Bullain were takē, y^• one called Char¦les de bone, the other Peter vernowne, which confessed y^• frō the toune of Whitsand came .lx. horsmen & .ii.C. footmen of the garrison of Bulle•••• & the countrey adioynyng entendyng to passe by Rice banke at the low water marke, ouer y^t hauē of Caleis at a certayn foord shewed to thē by a spy which serued the yomā of y^• tētes of vitailes, & shewed thē that the tentes were piched vnder Caleis walles betwene the towne & the cāpe, so that thei might burne thē quykly or the towne could issue, or the cāpe re∣moue. But the Englishmen kept so good watch as you haue harde that their entreprice came to none effect. The morow after being the first day of Iuly, y^• noble lord Haward admirall of Englād landed at Whitsand Bay, & entred, spoyled & brent the toune, & returned to his ships for all y^• Bullonoys, & so recōpensed the imaginaciō that the bayly of Whitsand & the Bullonoys had entreprised for the burnyng of the kynges tentes.

On fryday at night blew suche a storme y^t seuered all the nauy, & some were drowned. Upon the .viii. day of Iuly, the lord Marques Dorsett, therle of Essex, the lord Lisle rode into Flaūders & ther toke y^• mousters of the lord Lynny, the lord Walō, sonne to the lord of Barow, & bastard Emery which w^t ther retinue were then admitted into the kyngs wages & the lord Linny W^t a.C. & .l. speres was appoincted to go to y^• lord Her∣bert: & the lord Walon & bastard Emery w^t ther bondes were appointed to go to therle of Shrewsbury liēg before Tirwin: These strāgers were warlycke persons on light horses. While the siege laye thus before Tyrwyn as you haue harde, the Frenchmen diuerse times issued out on horseback and many a staffe was broken & many a proper feat of armes done. Likewise the Almaynes on foot would diuerse times issue out w^t handgonnes, and morish pycks & assaile the Englishmē, but by force of the archers thei were euer driuen home agayn, & euery day the English∣men shott at the towne and dyd them muche displeasure.

The .xxi. day of Iuly (when all thinges by counsaill had byn ordered concernyng the order of battayle) the kyng passed out of y^• towne of Ca∣leis in goodly array of battaile & toke the felde: And notwithstādyng y^e the forward & the rerewarde of the kynges great army were before Tir∣wyn as you haue harde: Yet the kyng of his awne battayle made .iii.

battailles after the fasshion of the warre, the lord Lisle marshall of the hoste was capitaine of the forward, and vnder him .iii.M. men. Sir Ri∣chard Carew w^t .iii.C men was the right hand wyng to the forward, & y^• lord Darcy w^t .iii.C. mē, wyng on y^• left hand, y^t skoure••s and forriders of this battaile were y^• North••berland men on light geldynges. Therle of Essex was Lieutenant general of the speres, and sir Ihon P••••hy was vicegouernour of the horsmen: before y^• kyng went .viii.C. Almaynes al in a plūpe by them selfs: after thē came the standard w^t the redde Dragō, next the banner of our lady, & next after the banner of y^e trinitie, vnder y^• same were all the kyngs houshold seruaūtes, then went y^• bā••er of y^• ar∣mes of Englād borne by sir Henry Guildford, vnder which bāner was the kyng him self, w^t diuers noble men & other to the nōber of .iii.M. mē. The duke of Buckynghā with .vi.C. mē was on y^• kyngs left hād egall w^t y^e Almaynes, in likewise on y^e right hād was sir Edward Pounynges w^t other .vi.C. men egall with the Almaynes. The lord of Burgainie w^t viii.C. men, was wyng on y^• right hand, sir Williā Cōpton w^t y^e retinue of y^e bishop of Wīchester, & master Wolsey y^• kings Almoner to y^e nōber of .viii.C. was in maner of a rereward, sir Anthony oughtred & sir Ihon Neuell w^t the kings speres y^• folowed, were .iiii.C. & so y^• hole army were xi.M. & .iii.C. men. The master of the ordinaunce sett foorth the kinges artilary, as fawcons, ••••ynges, bōbardes, cartes with powder, stones, bo∣wes, arowes & such other thinges necessary for the felde, the hole nomber of the cariages were .xiii.C. the leders and driuers of the same were .xix. C. men and all these were rekened in the battaile, but of good fightynge men ther were not full .ix.M.

Thus in order of battaile y^• kyng rode to Seutrey••a & ther lodged y^• first night, on friday y^• garrisō of Bulleyn mustered nye to Fines Mill, & were askryed by y^• Northūberland mē, which marched toward thē, but y^• Frenchmen returned. On saterdaie the hoste remoued to Hambwell and ther rested. On sonday, & on mondaie he entered into the French groūde nye to Arde, & ther euery gentlemā had on his coate of armes, & these ty∣dyngs were brought to y^e kyng y^• y^e Frēch army approched, which ridin∣ges pleased him well, for he desyred nothyng but battaile. Tewsday the xxvi. day of Iuly the kyng passed forward in order of battayle & euer y^• Frenchmen costed a farre of to take the Englyshmen at some auantage, but thei kept them so close in order, y^• they could not fynd them out of ar∣ray. Howbeit, by negligence of the carters y^t mystooke y^• waye a greate Curtall called the Ihon euangelist, was ouerthrowen in a depe ponde of water, and coulde not quickly be recouered.

The kyng heryng y^• his enemies approched, leuyng the gonne (becau∣se the master carpenter sayde y^• he woulde shortely way it out of the wa∣ter) set forwarde his hoste, and in good order came to Dornahan where is a fayre eastell standyng in a wodde countrey, the Frenchmē were euer lurkyng in the woddes viewing the kynge cōduite & order as he passed, and so he lefte the towne of Dornahan on his right hande, and came

to a village on a litle riuer where y^• ordinaūce pitched. And when y^• king came to the ryuer he perceyued y^• many gentlemen made daūger to en∣tre into the riuer:* 1.10 Wherfore he a lighted downe of his horse and without any more abode entred the riuer, then all other entred and came ouer. Then was tydynges brought to hym, that the Frenchmen were nere at hande and would fight that nyght: the kyng still abode in order of bat∣taile, euer lokynge for the commynge of the Frenchmen, and at night woorde was brought that they were reculed, and then he entred into his tente.

Wednesday the .xxvi. daye of Iuly the releffe of the speres brought in askry, wherfore the kyng commaunded to blow to the standarde, and auaunced his banner & toke a faire feld or banke abidyng the comming of the Frenchmen. The capitaines generall of the army of the French kyng were the lord dela Palice and the lord of Piens, accompaignyed with the duke of Longuyle, therle of sainct Polle, the lord of Floringes, the lord Cleremounde, & Richard dela Pole traytour of England sonne to y^• duke Ihon of Suffolke: with these capitaines were cōmyng .xi.M. footmen and .iiii.M. horsmen, all prest in battayle & came w^t in .ii. miles of the kyng of Englande, and there the footmen staled and came no far∣ther: certaine horsmen to the nomber of .iii.M. and aboue marched for∣ward and at the ende of a wodde shewed them selfes open in the sight of the English army. The kyng perceiuyng there demeanure, commaūded al his footmen not to remoue, but to stand still. The Frenchmē remoued and came sumwhat nerer to a place of execucion: then the master Gōner lo••ed a pece of artilery or two. As the kynge lay thus still abydynge his enemies, and that the horsemen stode still in sight, the greate armye of Fraunce approched, whiche the Englishmen could not descrye by cause of an hyll that was betwexte them. The Northerne men ran to y^• Frēch∣men, which manly encontered with them and strake some of them downe and maugre all there powre brought certaine prisoners to the kyng of England. Therle of Essex capitaine of the kynges speres with .ii.C. spe∣res lay in a stale, if the Frenchmen had come nerer. Then sodainly ape∣red in sight a great comopany of horsmen and the kynge knewe not what thei were: but at y^e last it was perceyued that it was the valiant knyght sir Rice app Thomas with his retinue whiche came to the kyng aboute none: which gentilly receyued hym and sent hym to therle of Essex, which incontinentely departed and compassed the hill and came to therle, and when they were ioyned, they drewe them about the hyll accompaignyed with sir Thomas Gylforde capitayne of .ii.C. archers on horsbacke, to thentent to haue set on the Frenchmē, which perceiuyng y^t, & dowghtyng more nomber to come after, sodainly drewe back & ioyned them w^t there great battaile. Then therle of Essex & thenglish horsmen folowed them tyll they came nere the greate army of Fraunce and then staled, and sent light horsemen to knowe y^• conduite of y^• French army. When y^• French∣men of armes were retorned to ther battaile, both y^• footmen & horsemen

reculed in order of battell and went back a pace, the Englyshe styrrers perceyuyng this, folowed .iii. leages and returned to therle, makyng re∣porte of that they had sene, and then he brake vp his stale and came to y^• kyng, declaryng to him how y^• Frenshmen were reculed.* 1.11 This daie was called the drye wednesday, for the day was wonderfull hoat and y^• kyng and his army were in order of battaile from .vi. of y^• clock in y^• mornyng tyll .iii. of the clock at after noone, and some died for lack of moysture & allmost in generall euery man was burned about the mouth with hete of the stomack, for drynke lacked and water was not nere. After this, y^• kyng remoued towarde Tyrwyn hauyng his horsmen behynde him, lest the Frenshmen should sodainly sett on hym behynde, & as the kyng was settyng forward, the lord Walowne of Flaunders came to the kyng w^t his horsmen which were in the kynges wages, and the kyng declared to him what had chaunced. As the army passed by negligence thesame day in a lane, was ouerthrowen one of the kynges great bōbardes of Iron, called the redde gonne, and there left: When the night began to appro∣che the kyng rested and toke his campe .ii. myles from sainct Omers on the northsyde.

On the thursdaye beyng the .xxviii. daie of Iuly the master carpēter with an hundred carpenters and labores without knowlege of y^• mar∣shall went to waye vp y^• great gonne that was in the ponde as you haue harde, & by force of engynes drewe it vp and laied it on a carte redy to cary: But sodainly out of a wodde issued .viii.C. Frenchmen with spe∣res, crosbowes and handgōnes, and assayled the poore labourers which valiantly defended them selfes: but oppressed with multitude, the most parte was flayne and the remnant taken, and they & y^• pece of ordinaūce caried to bulleyne. This misauenture fel, for the master carpēter would woorke all of his awne hedde without counsayll, with which chaunce y^• kyng was sore displeased. The Frenchmē ioyous of this chaunce, assem¦bled a great nomber, to take the other gonne y^• lay still in the high way. Wherfore the lord barnes beyng capiteyne of the pioners and laborers heryng of y^• misauenture, and consideryng that y^• other gonne was lyēg behynd▪ prepared al maner of engines to recouer thesame. The morowe after, the kyng entended to reyse his camp, but when he harde of y^e great pece of ordinaunce that was left behynde, and that the Frēshmen assem∣bled together, he was in a greate musyng and so taryed and commaun∣ded the Almaynes to retreate back and to succour them that went for y^• pece of ordinaunce. The Almaynes went foorth and staled within two mile, where the pece of ordinaunce lay, and farther thei woulde not goo. The earle of Essex with his company of speres, sir Rice ap Thomas, w^t his compaignie, sir Ihon Neuell with the Northūberland men sett for∣ward to helpe the lord Barnes for recouery of the gonne. And sodainly the northren horsmen espied where al the great army of the Frenshemen were commyng forward, and so reported to therle of Essex, y^• to sir Ihon pechy Lieutenant of the horsemen and speres & other capitaines, which

were in the place where the said goune was left with a hundred horsmē, which heryng therof sent woorde to sir Rice, which hering therof desired the erle of Essex to come & to take grounde in that place where he was, which remoued in greate haste: In the meane season by y^• diligent labor of y^e lord Barnes, y^• pece of ordinaunce was raysed & carted, and furthe was it caried, by this time the French army apered in sight.

When therle of Essex saw the great nomber of the Frenchmen, in all hast he sent to the lord Walon, willyng hym w^t his company to come to there ayde, the lord Waloun sayde to y^• messenger, go tel your capitayne y^• I come hither to serue the kyng of England more then one daye, and therfore I would all thenglishmen would returne, for w^t y^e great power of Fraunce thei be not able to fight, for I esteme them .ix. or .x.M. mē at the lest: with his aunswere y^• messenger departed & made relacion to the erle of Essex & other capitaynes whiche there w^t were sore discontent: by this time y^• scowrers of the French parte were come harde to y^• hādes of the Englishmen: then began y^• light horsmen to skyrmy she, ther was fo∣lowyng and reskuing on both parties, & in open sight some of both par∣ties slayne. Then marched forward the hole battaile of the Frenchmen with stādards, penōs and banners waueryng, and sumptuous bardes, & riche harnys glyteryng, the men of armes in great nōber were in ran∣ges a long redy to chace and charge. Sir Rice ap Thomas beyng a mā of great experience, sagely perceyued in what case y^e matter stode, saide to therle of Essex, sir we be not .vii.C. horsmē, let vs not be to folysh hardy, our cōmission was to fette y^• gonne & none other, let vs folowe the same, therle agreed therto & so softely & not in flyēg maner retreted & folowed y^• gonne. The Frēchmē perceiuyng y^•, cried al is ours let vs folowe, then pricked forward .ii.M. men of armes & came iuste to y^• backes of y^e En∣glishmen, then thenglishmen cried sainct George & cast them self about and made retorne to y^e Frenchmen, sir William Tyler & sir Ihon sharpe were y^• first y^• charged, and after all the other Englishemen, there was a dreadfull chase, for the men of armes of Fraunce flede so fast, that glad was he that might be formost, the hole hoost seynge ther horsmen retur∣nyng in flight, sodainly in great hast returned without any more doyng. Then the erle of Essex staled to an hil, & ther caused his trōpet to blowe to the standard for feare of subtyll dealyng: and when thei were gathe∣red together vnto array, he returned.

The .xxix. daye of Iuly the kyng with his army came to Arkus, and there embattailed him selfe in a strong grounde, and to hym came therle of Essex and the other capitaines with the gonne, and made reporte of ther aduenture, which thanked them hartly, and ther he lay tyll Mōday in which time came many noble men of Flaunders to visite him, & many of the common people came to se hym.

Mondaye the fyrste daye of Auguste, the kynge remoued his campe to a village myddell waly betwene Sayncte Omers and Tyrwyn, and ther fell suche a rayne that the ordynaunce coulde scace be remoued

the arable grounde was so softe.

Thursday the .iiii. day of August,* 1.12 the kyng in good order of battaile came before the citie of Tyrwyn & planted his sege in most warlikewise, his campe was enuironed with artilerie, as Fawcones, serpentynes, cast hagbushes, and tryde harow••s, spien trestyls, and other warlike defence for the sauegarde of the campe. The kyng for hym selfe had a howse of tymber with a hymney of yron, & for his other lodgynges he had great and goodly tentes of blewe water worke garnyshed w^t yelowe & white, diuerse romes within thesame for all offices necessary, on y^• topp of y^e pa∣uilions stode y^e kynges bestes holdyng fanes, as y^• Lion, y^• Dragon, the Greyhounde, the Antelope, the Dōne kow: within all the lodgynge was poyncted full of the sunnes risynge, the lodgynge was .C.xxv. foot in length.

The king lyeng before Tirwyn, his great ordinaūce sore bet y^• towne walles, and thei within likewise shot out of the towne ordinaūce, & slewe diuers Englyshmen in the trenches, among which shottes thei had one gonne that euery day & night was ordinarely shotte at certayne howres without fayle: this gonne was of Thenglishmen called the whystelyng gonne, but it neuer did harme in the kynges feld. The siege thus lyeng before the citee of Tyrwyn, sir Alexander Baynam a capitaine of y^• ••••y∣ners, caused a myne to be enterprised to enter into the towne, but the Frenchmen perceyuyng that, made a countermyne and so destroyed the other myne, and diuers myners slayne within the same. The Frenche ar∣my houed euer a farre to take the Englishmen at auantage as thei went a forragyng, & many a skirmish was done, and many good feates of ar∣mes acheued on bothe sydes, and diuers prisoners taken. Among the Frenchmen were certaine light horsmen called Stradiotes with shorte styroppes, beuer hatts, small speres, & swerdes like Semiteries of Tur∣kay: dyuers tymes the northrē light horsmē vnder y^e conduite of sir Ihō Neuel skirmished with these stradiottes and toke diuerse of them priso∣ners, and brought them to the kyng.

While the kyng lay thus before Tyrwyn, the capitayne of Bullen knowynge by hys espialles that many of the garryson of Caleys were with the kynge at the siege, and also that daylye vitailes were brought oute of Englande to Caleys to succour the campe, imagened a greate entreprice and sent for all the men of warre vnder his dominion and rule, and declared to them what honour they shoulde obteyne yf they hurted or spoyled the out partes of Caleis, the kyng of England beyng on that syde the see. The men of warre perceiuyng y^• good courage of y^e capitaine, assented to his purpose, and so with all diligence they to the nomber of a .M. men in the euenyng set forward, and came to Newnam bridge by .iii. of the clock in the morning, and founde y^• watchmē y^• kept the bridge a slepe, and so entred y^e bulwerke & slewe y^• watchmen, & toke y^• ordinaunce of y^e bridge & then let y^e bridge fall, so y^• al entred y^• would. The capitayn of Bulleyn kept .vi.C. men for a stale at y^• bridge, & sent y^e

other into the marrisshes and medowes where the Cattell fedde, and some of the Frenshmen came to Caleys gate, & were askryed of y^• watch and so rang alarme: the English souldiours ran to the walles, and saw the Frenshmen without the toune walles: then thei knewe that Newnam brydge was lost, and would haue issued out, but Sir Gylbert Talbott deputie there, would not suffer any gate to be opened. Now it happened that without Caleys gates were Richard Hunnyng & Richard Brycks of the Caterie, and .iii. or .iiii. of the kynges seruauntes whiche lay there to sende prouisions to the hoost: which heryng of this alarme, called to them the kynges barkers, and cowpers, and a fewe shippemen, which lay in the hauen, and coragiously folowed the Frenchmen. Thenglishmen were not past .vi. skore persones, and sett on y^• Frenchmen as thei were a forragyng or thei might assemble together, & slew them doune right and toke no prisoners in maner, and so thei came to Newnam brydge & toke it and put the Frenchmen backe. But or Thenglishmē had thus gathe∣red them selfes together, the Frenchmen had forraged all with in the ri∣uer vp to sainct Peters, and had driuen away the cattell and the ordi∣naunce of Newnam brydge and so passed till they came where the stale lay, and ther they taried lokyng for ther company that were gone a for∣ragyng to Caleys walles. About .v. of the clock in the morenyng, y^• gate of Caleys called Bulleyn gate, was opened, & then issuyd out one Cul∣piper the vnder marshall, with .ii.C. archers with the banner of Sainct George, and with great hast came to Newnam bridge, where thei foun∣de the kynges seruauntes and the other that had wonne the brydge, and then they all together marched toward the Frenchmen, which kepte the stale. The Frenchmen thought it had ben there awne company that had returned, till they saw the banner of sainct George, then they knewe that their company were ouerthrowen, and that thei must nedes fight or dy. Then thenglishmen though thei were the smaller nomber, valiantly set on the Frenchmen, which with great force them defended, but at the last thei were all discomfited and .xxiiii. slayne and .xii. skore taken prisoners and ther ordinaunce and hole booty recouered.* 1.13 These prisoners were brought to Caleys, and there sold in open market: Among all other a Cowper of the towne of Caleys bought a prisoner of this booty y^• dwelt in Bulleyn, and had of the prisoner .C. crownes for his raunsome, and when the mony was paied, the Frenchmen praied the Cowper to se hym saue deliuered and to conduite hym out of danger, the Cowper gently graunted and without any knowlege of his frendes, all alone went w^t the Frenchman tyll he came beyonde the Cawsey and ther woulde haue departed: but the Frenchmen perceiued, that the Cowper was aged and that no reskewes was ny, by force toke the Cowper prisoner & caried him to Bulleyn, and made hym paye .ii.C. crownes for his raunsome, thus thorowe foly was the poore Cowper deceaued.

The .xi. daie of August beyng thursday, the kynge lyeng at the siege of Tyrwyn, had knowlege that Maximilian thēperour was in y^• towne

of Ayre. The kyng prepared al thinges necessarie to mete with thempē∣rour in triumphe. The noble men of the kynges campe were gorgeously apparelled, ther coursers barded of cloth of gold, of damaske & brode∣rie, there apparell all tissue cloth of gold and syluer, and gold smithes woorke, great cheynes of balderickes of gold, and belles of bullion, but in especial y^• duke of Buckingham, he was in purple satten, his apparell and his barde full of Antelopes and swannes of fyne gold bullion and full of spangyls and littell belles of gold meruelus costly and pleasāt to behold. The kyng was in a garment of greate riches in iuels as per∣les and stone, he was armed in a light armure, the master of hys horse folowed him with a spare horse, the henxmen folowed beryng the kyngs peces of harnys euery one mounted on a greate courser, the one bare the helme, the seconde his graūgarde, the thirde his spere, the fourth his axe and so euery one had ••ome thyng belongyng to a man of armes: the ap∣parell of the .ix. henxmen were white clothe of gold and crymsyn cloth of gold, richely embrawdered with goldesmythes woorke, the trappets of the corsers were mantell harneys coulpened, and in euery vent a longe bel of fyne gold, and on euery pendant a depe tassel of fyne gold in bul∣lion, whiche trappers were very ryche. The kyng and themperour mett betwene ayre and the camp, in the fowlest wether that lightly hath bene sene. Themperour gentely enterteined the kyng, and the kyng lykewyse hym, and after a littell communicacion had betwene them, by cause the wether was foule, departed for that tyme. The Emperour and all his men were at that daie all in black cloth for the Emprice his wife was la∣tely disseased. After that the kyng was this retorned to his campe, with in a daye or twayne ther arryued in the army a kyng of armes of Scot∣lād called Lyon with his cote of armes on his back, and desyred to spe∣ke with the kyng, who with in shorte tyme was by Garter cheffe kynge of armes brought to the kinges presence, where he beyng almost disma∣yed seynge the kyng so nobly accompanied, with fewe woordes, and me∣tely good reuerence, deliuered a letter to the king, which receiued y^e letter and redde it him selfe and when he had redde it, without any more delay he hym selfe aunswered after ths sorte. Nowe we perceyue the kynge of Scottes our brother in lawe & your master to be y^• same person whome we euer toke hym to be, for we neuer estemed hym to be of any truthe & so nowe we haue founde it, for notwithstandynge his othe, his promise in y^• woorde of kyng, & his awne hand and seale, yet nowe he hath brokē his faithe and promise to his great dishonour and infamie for euer, and entendeth to inuade our realme in our absence whiche he dirst not ones attempte, our person beynge presente, but he sheweth him selfe not to be degenerate from the condicions of his forefathers, whose faythes for the most parte hath euer byn violated and ther promises neuer obserued, farther then they liste. Therfore tell thy master, first that he shall neuer be comprised in any league where in I am a confederate, & also that I suspectyng his treuth (as now the dede proueth▪ haue left an earle in my

realme at home whiche shalbe able to defende him and all his powre, for we haue prouided so, that he shall not fynde our land destitute of people as he thynketh to do: but thus saye to thy master, that I am the very owner of Scotlād, & y^• he holdeth it of me by homage, and in so much as now contrary to his bounden duety he beinge my vassall, doth rebell a∣gainst me, w^t Gods help I shal at my returne expulse him his realme, & ••o tell hym: sir sayd the kyng of Armes, I am his naturall subiecte, & he my naturall lord, & y^• he commaundeth me to say, I may boldely saye w^t fauor, but the commaundementes of other I may not, nor dare not saye to my souer••igne lord, but your letters may with your honour sent, de∣clare your pleasure, for I may not say suche woordes of reproche to him whome I owe only my allegeaunce & fayth. Then sayd the kyng, wher∣fore came you hyther, wil you receyue no aunswere? yes sayde Liō, your answere requireth doyng and no writynge, that is, that immediatly you should returne home: well said the kyng I wyll returne to your domage at my pleasure, and not at thy masters somonyng. Then the kyng com∣maunded garter to take hym to his tente & make hym good chere, which so dyd, and cherished him wel for he was sore appalled: after he was de∣parted, the kynge sent for all the chefe capitaynes, and before them and all his counsaill caused the letter to be redde, the trewe tenor whereof foloweth woorde, by woorde.

❧ The Letter of the kyng of Scottes. ❧

Right excellent, right high, and mighty Prince, our deerest brother & Cousyng, we commaunde vs vnto you in our mayst harty maner, & re∣ceyued Fra Raff heraulde your letters quharuntill, ye approue and al∣low the doynges of your commissioners lately beyng with ours, at the borders of bathe the realmes for makyng of redresse, quylke is thought to you and your counsell should be continnet and delaet to the .xv. daye of October. Als ye write, slaars by see aught not cōpere personally, but by their attorneis, And in your other letters with our heraulde Ilay, ye ascertaine vs ye will nought entre in the treux taken betwext the mast Christian kyng and your father of Aragon because ye and others of the ha••e liege, nether should ne may take peace, treux nor abstinēce of warre with your common enemy, without consent of all the confederates. And that the Emperour kyng of Aragon, ye and euery of you be bounden to make actuall warre this instant sommer agaynst your common enemie. And that so to do is concluded and openly sworne in Paules kyrke at London vpon saincte Markes daye last by past. And ferther haue de∣nyed saueconduyte vpon our requestes y^• a seruitor of ours might ha∣ue resorted your presence, as our herauld Ilay reportes: Right excellēt, right high and mightie Prince our derest brother and Cousyng, thesayd metyng of our and your commissioners at the borders, was perempto∣rily appoyncted betwyxt you and vs eftir diuerse dietes for reformaciō

before contynued to the Commissioners metynge, to effecte that due re∣dresse suld haue ben made at the sayde metynge, lyke as for our parte our Commissioners offered to haue made that tyme: And for your part na malefactour was then arrested to the sayde diet. And to glose thesa∣me, ye nowe wright, that slaars by see nede not compere personally, but by their attourneys, quylk is agayne lawe of GOD and man. And gef in crimenall accion, all slaars sulde nought compere personally, na pu∣nicion sulde folowe for slaughter, and than vane it were to seke farther metynges or redresse. And hereby apperes as the dede shewes, that ye wyll nouther kepe gude weyes of iustice and equitie nor kyndnes with vs, the greate wronges and vnkyndnes done before to vs and our lye∣ges we ponderate quhilk we haue suffered this long time in vpberyng, maynsweryng nounredressyng of Attemptates, so as the byll of the ta∣ken of in haldynge of bastard Heron with his complices in your cuntre quha slewe our wardan vnder traist of dayes of metyng for iustice, and therof was filat and ordaynt to be delyuered in s••aynge of our liege no∣ble men vnder colour by your folkes, in takynge of vthers 〈◊〉〈◊〉 of our realme, prisonet and cheinet by the cragges in your cōtre, with halding of our wifes legacie promist in youre diuerse letters for dispite of vs, slaughter of Andrewe Barton by your awne commaund quha than had nought offended to you nor your lieges vnredressed, and breakynge of the amitie in that behalfe by your dede, and with haldynge of our ship∣pes and artilarie to your vse, quharupon eft our diuerse requisitions at your wardens, Commissioners, Ambassadors, and your selfe, ye wrate & als shewe by vthers vnto vs, that ful redresse suld be made at the sayde metynge of commissioners, and sa were in hope of reformacion, or at the left ye for our sake walde haue desisted fra inuasion of our frendes and Cousynges with in their awne countreis that haue nought offended at you as we firste required you in fauoure of oure tendre Cousynge the duke of Geldre, quham to destroye and disinherite ye send your folkes and dudde that was in them. And right sa we latly desyred for our bro∣ther and Cousynge the mast Christen kynge of Fraunce, quham ye ha∣ue caused to tyne his countre of Millaigne, and nowe inuades his selfe quha is with vs in secunde degree of blude, and hase ben vnto you kynde witoute offense and more kyndar than to vs: notwithstandynge in defense of his persone we mon take parte, and therto ye because of v∣thers haue gyuen occasion to vs and to our lyeges in tyme by past, nouther doynge iustly nor kyndely towardes vs, procedynge alwayes to the vtter destruction of our nerest frendes, quha mon doo for vs quhan it shall be necessarie. In euill example that ye wyll hereafter be better vnto vs quham ye lightlye fauoure, manifestly wranged your sister for our sake incōtrary our writtes. And sayeng vnto our he∣rauld that we giue you fayre wordes & thinkes the cōtrary, in dede such it is, we gaue you wordes as ye dudde vs, trustynge that ye shoulde haue emended to vs or worthin kyndar to our frendes for our sakes,

and sulde nougtight haue stopped oure seruitors passage to laboure peax, that thei might as the papes halines exherted vs by his breuites to do. And therapon we were contented to haue ouersene our harmes & to haue remitted thesame, though vther informacion was made to our haly father pape Iuly by the Cardinall of Yorke your Ambassadour.

And sen ye haue now put vs fra all gude beleue through the premisses, and specially in denyenge of saueconduyte to our seruauntes to resorte to your presence, as your ambassadour doctor west instantly desyred we sulde sende one of our counsayll vnto you apon greate matters, and appoynctyng of differentes debatable betwyxt you and vs, furtheryng of peax yf we might betwyxte the most Christen kyng and you, we neuer harde to this purpose saueconduite denied betwixte infideles. Herefore we write to you this tyme at length playnes of our mynde, that we re∣quire and desyre you to desiste fra farther inuasion and vtter destructiō of our brother and Cousyng the mayst Christen kyng, to whome by all confederacion bloude and alye and also by new bande, quhilk ye haue compelled vs lately to take through your iniuries and harmes without remedy done daily vnto vs, our lieges and subdites, we are boundē and oblist for mutuall defence ilke of vthers, like as ye and your confedera∣tes be oblist for mutuall inuasions and actuall warre: Certifieng you we will take parte in defence of our brother and Cousyng y^• maist Chri∣sten kyng. And wil do what thyng we trayest may crast cause you to de∣sist fra persuite of him, and for denyt and pospoynct iustice to our lieges we mon gyue letters of Marque accordyng to the amitie betwixte you and vs, quharto ye haue had lyttell regarde in tyme by past, as we haue ordaint our herauld the bearer hereof to saye, gife it like you to here him and gyf him credence: right excellent, right high and mightly Prince our derest brother and Cousyng, the Trinitie haue you in kepyng.

Geuen vnder our signet at Edynborowe the .xxvi. daie of Iuly.

When the kynge rede this letter, he sente it in all haste to the Earle of Surrey into England, whyche then lay at Pomfrett, and caused an other letter to be deuised to the kyng of Scottes, the copie whereof fo∣loweth.

Right excellent, right high, and mighty prince, &c. and haue receiued your writyng, Dated at Edenburgh the .xxvi. daie of Iuly by your he∣raulde Lyon this bearer, wherin after rehersall and accumulaciō of ma∣ny surmised iniuries grefes and damages doone by vs & our subiectes to you and your lieges, the specialites whereof were superfluous to re∣herse, remembryng that to theim and euery of theim in effect reasonable aunswere founded vpon lawe and cōscience hath tofore ben made to you and youre counsail, ye not only requyre vs to desiste from farther inua∣sion and vtter destruction of your brother & Cousyng the French kyng, but also certifie vs that you will take parte in defence of thesayd kyng, and that thyng whiche ye trust may rahter cause vs to desiste, from per∣suite of him, with many contriued occasions and cōmunications by you

causeles sought and imagened, sownynge to the breache to y^• perpetuall peace, passed, concluded and sworne, betwixte you and vs, of which your immagened querelles causeles deuised to breake with vs contrarye to your othe promised, al honor and kyndnesse: We cannot maruayle, con∣sideryng the auncient accustomable maners of your progenitours, whi∣che neuer kept lenger faythe and promise then pleased theym. Howebe∣it, yf the loue and dread of God, nighnes of bloud, honour of the world, lawe and reason, had bound you, we suppose ye woulde neuer haue so farre proceded▪ specially in our absence. Wherin the Pope and all prin∣ces Christened may well note in you, dishonorable demeanour whan ye lyeng in awayte seke the waies to do that in our sayde absence, whiche ye woulde haue ben well aduised to attempte, we beynge within our re∣alme and present: And for theuident approbation hereof, we nede none other proues ne witnesse but youre owne writynges heretofore to vs sent, we beyng within our realme, wherein ye neuer made mencion of takynge parte with our enemie the Frenche kynge▪ but pas••ed the tyme with vs tyll a••ter our departure from our saide realme. And now perca∣se ye supposynge vs soo farre from our sayde realme to be destitute of defense agaynst your inuasions, haue vttered the olde rancour of your mynde whiche in couert maner ye haue longe kept secrete. Neuerthe∣lesse, we remembrynge the brytilnes of your promyse and suspectynge though not wholy beleuyng so much vnstedfastnes, thought it right ex∣pedient and necessarie to put our saide realme in a redynes for resistyng of your sayde entreprises, hauyng firme trust in our Lorde GOD and the rightwysnes of our cause with thassistence of our confederates and Alies wee shalbe able to resyste the malice of all Scysmatyques and their adherentes beynge by the generall counsayll expressely excommu∣nicate and interdycted, trustynge also in tyme conueniente to remember our frendes, and requyte you and our enemies, whiche by suche vnna∣turall demeanour haue gyuen sufficiente cause to the dys••erison of you and your posterite for euer from the possybilitie that ye thynke to haue to the royalme▪ whiche ye nowe attempte to inuade. And yf the example of the kyng of Nauarre beynge excluded from his royalme for assisten∣ce gyuen to the Frenche kyng cannot restrayne you frō this vnnaturall dealynge, we suppose ye shall haue lyke assistence of the syade Frenche kynge as the kyng of Nauarre hath nowe: Who is a kynge withoute a realme, and so the Frenche kynge peaceably suffereth hym to contynue wherunto good regarde woulde be taken. And lyke as we heretofore touched in thys oure wrytyng, we nede not to make any further aun∣swere to the manyfolde greues by you surmysed in your letter: for as∣muche as yf any lawe or reason coulde haue remoued you from your sensuall opinions, ye haue ben many and often tymes sufficientely aun••swered to thesame: Excepte onely to the pretended greues touchynge the denyeng of our saufeconduyte to your Ambassadoure too bee last sent vnto vs: Where vnto we make this aunswere, that we had graun∣ted

thesayde saufeconduite, and yf your herauld would haue taken the¦same with hym lyke as he hath ben accustomed to sollicitee saufecon∣duytes for marchauntes and others hertofore, ye might as sone haue had that as any other, for we neuer denyed saufeconduyte to any your lieges to come vnto vs & no further to passe, but we see wel lyke as your sayde herauld hath heretofore made sinister reporte contrary to trouthe so hath he done nowe in this case as it is manifest and open. Fynally as towchyng your requisition to desiste from farther attemptyng againste our enemy the French kyng, we knowe you for no competent iudge of so high aucthoritie to requyre vs in that behalfe: wherfor God willyng we purpose with the ayde and assistence of our confederates & Alies to per∣secute thesame, and as ye do to vs and our realme, so it shalbe remēbred and acquited hereafter by the helpe of our lord and our Patrone sainct George. Who righte excellent, right highe and myghtie Prynce .&c. Yeuen vnder our signet in our campe before Tyrwyn the .xii. daye of August.

When this letter was written and sealed, the kynge sent for Lyon the Scottysh heraulde, and declared to hym that he had wel considered his mas••ets letter, and therto had made a reasonable answere, and gaue to hym in rewarde a hundred angels, for which rewarde he humbly thā∣ked the kyng and so raried with gartier al might, and euer he sayde that he was sory to thynke what domage shoulde be done in Englande by his Master or the kynge returned, and so the nexte daye he departed in∣to Flaunders wyth hys Letter to haue taken shyppe to sayle in to Scotlande, but or he coulde haue shyp and wynde hys master was slayne.

After the defyaunce declared by the kyng of Scottes herauld, y^• king of England wrote to the quene and other whiche he had left behynde of his counsayll, to prepare in all hast for the defence of thesayde kynge of Scottes, which so dyd w^t great diligence as you shal here shortly after. While the kyng lay thus at siege before Tirwyn, the Frenchmē studied all the wayes possible how to vitayle the towne of Tirwyn▪ & imagened in a night by some waye to conuey vitayle to the towne: wherfore euery day they sent ther stradiates to espie by which way thei might take their most auantage, and many times the English horsmen mette w^t the stra∣diates and of them slewe parte.

The Frenche kyng woulde in any wise that the kyng of Englande shoulde be fought with all, wherefore he sent the duke of Uandosme, The duke of Longuyle with diuerse other valiant captains to Blāgoy. Then was ther a conclusiō taken that the duke of a lanson should wyth v.M. men fight with the Earle of Shrewsburye, or els to kepe that no∣ther he nother the lord Harbert should ayde or come to the kynges bat∣tayle, & with the kyng should skyrmish the duke of Uandosme & Long∣uyle, while in the meane season the cariages with vitayle might entre the towne. For accomplyshyng of this entreprice, the Frenchmen made

greate pur••••aunce and all on horsebacke, this was not so secretly cōclu∣ded but the kyng of England had an ynkelyng therof, and sent woorde to the Emperour whiche lay at Ayre and knewe nothyng of this deuyse and desyered hym to come to the campe to haue his aduyse: which glad∣ly aunswered that he woulde come the morowe after. The kyng conty∣nually sent foorth his light horses to seke the countrey and to se yf any apparaunce were, and they euer brought tidynges of such thyng as thei sawe, so that alwaies it was forsene that the kyng nor his people should be taken vnpuruyed, nor the Frenchemen shoulde not come on them so∣dainly vnaskryed.

While these thynges were thus in commonynge and immagenyng. Themperour Maximilian and all his seruauntes whiche were retey∣ned with the kyng of England in wages by the day, euery person accor∣dynge to his degree, and Themperour as the kynges soldioure ware a Crosse of sayncte George with a Rose, and so he and all hys trayne came to the kynges campe the .xiii. daye of August beyng Frydaye, and there was receyued eith greate magnyficence and brought to a tente of cloth of golde all ready apparelled accordynge to his estate, for all the tente within was syled with clothe of golde and blewe veluet, and all the blewe veluet was embrowdered with .H.K. of fyne golde, and hys cupboorde was rychely furnyshed and offycers appoyncted to geue on hym attendaunce: and there he taried tyll Sonday, and from thence he went agayne to Ayre for his pleasure. The kyng and his counsaill were informed by their espialles, and also yt was confessed by certayne pry∣soners, howe the Frenche armye whiche lay at Blangoy, entended to vi∣tayle the cytee of Tyrwyn. Wherfore on Frydaye at nyght, the .xiii. day of August the Duke of Buckyngham, the Earle of Essex, the Mar∣ques Dorsett the Lorde of Burgaynye, the Lord Willoghby, and dy∣uerse other gentlemen with .vi. thousande men on foote and the Lorde Walon and the Lorde Ligny with ther horsemen were layed at Gyn∣gate on the south syde of Tyrwyn, where they were all nyghte in or∣der of battayle, awaytynge the reskewe of the cytee, but the Englishmen were askryed, and so the Frenchmen brake there purpose for that tyme: and so the Duke of Buckyngham and his compaygnions returned to the campe. Monday the .xiii. daye of August by infortune, with oute any cause knowen, there fell a greate debate betwene the Almaynes of the kynges felde and Thenglyshemen, in ••o muche that they fell to fyghtynge and many men slayne, the Almaynes sodaynely ran to the kynges ordynaunce and toke yt, and embattayled them selfes, and bent the ordynaunce agaynste the kynge and his campe. Thenglishemē were greately fumed with this matter: in so muche the archers sett forwarde to haue ioyned with the Almaynes, and they lykewyse prepared there pykes, but the capytaynes tooke suche payn•• that the fray was appe∣sed and al things done for that time▪ but as this cōmocion was in trou∣ble, the Emperour came from Ayre and saw all the demener of both par∣ties

and was glad to se the discrete handelyng of the capitaynes. After Themperour was come to the kynges felde, the kyng called Thēperour and all the lordes of his counsayll togither asserteynyng them that he was credybly enformed that the Frenchmen entended to reskewe the cy∣tee of Tyrwyn, wherefore it was agreed that the master of the ordy∣naunce shoulde in haste make fyue bridges ouer the water for the ar∣my to passe ouer, to thentent to besege the cytee on that syde: the car∣penters dyd so there deuer that nyght, so that by daye all the brydges were made, so that all the horsemen passed ouer and askryed the coun∣trey. On Twesdaye the .xvi. daye of August the kyng reysed hys cam∣pe and with greate ordinaunce and all other artilerye and cariage he passed the Ryuer, and to hym came Sir Ihon Neuell with hys lyghte horsemen and tolde him that behinde the tower of Gyngate was a great plumpe of horsemen. In the meane season, as Sir Ihon Neuell tolde the kynge these tydynges, by a nother waye was therle of Essex Sir Ihon Peche and the kynges speres passed and skyrmyshed wyth the plumpe of speres that Sir Ihon spake of, and there were many profets made on bothe sydes, but in conclusion the Frenchemen were compelled to leaue their stale, and one horseman taken and sente to the kyng whi∣che in hope of pardon of his Raunsome shewed howe that the Frenche army wyth their full power and strength were commynge from Blan∣goy the nomber of fyften thowsande horsemen of armes to ayde Tyr∣wyn on that syde of the water. And to thentente that the armye of the Lorde Stuarde and the Lorde Chamberlayne shoulde not ayde the kynge, there were appoyncted .v. thousande of the .xv. thousande horse∣men on the other syde of the water. As these tydynges was tolde came one from Sir Ryce, and sayde that a prisoner that he had that daye ta∣ken confessed that the cytee shoulde be reskowed the same daye, and that he had askryed a nomber of horsemen to hys iudgemente vppon the poynct of syx thowsand. Then sodaynely came the Northren men whyche affirmed that they had sene the Frenche armye in order of battayle commynge forwarde, but they iudged them not past twelfe thowsande men. Then the kynges felde was pytched and the ordy∣naunce sett, but some counsaylled the kynge to take downe hys ten∣tes but the kynge sayde I wyll thys daye that my felde be made and sett in as royall wyse as maye bee, and all my ryche tentes sett vpp, whyche was done. Then the Kynge called the Lorde Darcy, and commaunded hym to kepe hys felde, treasure ordynaunce and other stuffe, whyche was lothe too goo from hys Master but by streyte commaundemente. Then euerye man prepared hym selfe to bat∣tayle resortynge to the standarde, the horsemen marched before the footmen by the space of a myle, styll came curroures berynge tydyn∣ges that the Frenche armye approched. The kynge had sette for∣warde and to auaunce hys banner in name of GOD and Sainct Ge∣orge. The Almaynes seynge this (to what purpose yt was not

knowen) sodainly embatteled them selfes on the left hande of the kyng and left the brest or fronte of the kyngs battayle bare. As the kyng was thus marchyng forwarde towarde the battaile, to him came the Empe∣rour Maximilian with .xxx. men of armes he and all his companye ar∣med in on sute with redde crosses: then by the counsayll of the Empe∣rour the kynge caused certaine peces of small ordinaunce to be laied on the toppe of a long hill or banke for the out skowerers: Thus the kyn∣ges horsemen and a few archers on horsebakce marched forwarde. The kyng woulde fayne haue been afore with the horsmen, but his counsayll perswaded him the contrary, and so he taried with the footmē accompa∣nied with themperour.

The Frenchmen came on in .iii. ranges .xxxvi. mens thickenes & well thei perceiued the kynges battayle of footmen marchyng forwarde: the erle of Essex capitayne of the horsmen, and sir Ihō P••••he with the kyn∣ges horsmen and the Burgonyons to the nomber of a .xi.C. stode wyth banner displayed in a valey. The lorde Walonne and the lorde Ligny with bastarde Emery and there bende to the nomber of .iiii.C. horsmen seuered them selfes and stode a syde from the Englishmen: so then then∣glishmen were but .vii.C. yet they with banner displayed remoued vp to the toppe of the hill, and there they mett with sir Ihon Gylforde a .C. talle archers on horsebacke, whiche had askryed the Frenchemen. Nowe on the topp of the hill was a fayre plaine of good grounde, on the left hand a lowe wodde, and on the right hand a ••alowe felde. The lord Wa¦lonne and the Burgomons kept them a loofe, then appered in sight the Frenchmen with banners and standardes displaied. Then came to the capitaynes of Thenglishmen of armes, an English officer of armes cal∣led Clarenseux and sayde, in Gods name sett forward, for the victorie is yours for I see by them, they will not abide, and I will goo with you in my coate of armes. Then the horsmen sett forward, and the archers a lighted and were set in order by an hedge all a long a village side called Bomye: the Frenchmen came on with .xxxiii. standardes displayed, and the archers shotte a pace and galled ther horses, and the English speres sett on freshly, cryēg sainct ••eorge, & fought valiantly with the French∣men and threw downe ther standarde, the dust was great and the crye more, but sodainly the Frenchmen shocked to ther standarde and fledde, and threw away there speres, swerdes, and mases and cut of the bardes of ther horses to ronne the lighter, when the hinder parte saw the former fly, they fledde also, but the soner for one cause which was this. As y^• En∣glish horsmen mounted vpp the hill, the stradiates were cōmyng downe wardes on the one syde of the hill before the French hoste, which sodain∣ly saw the banners of the English horsmen, and the kynges battayle fo∣lowyng vpwarde, wenyng to them that all had been horsmen, then they cast them self about and fledde, the Frenchmen were so fast in array that the stradiates could haue not entre, and so thei ranne still by thēdes of y^• ranges of the French army: and when they behynde saw the fall of their

standardes and their stradiates in whome th••i had greate confidence re∣torne, thei that were farthest of fledde firste, then vp pranced the Bur∣gonyons and folowed the chace: this battaile was of horsmen to horsmē but not in eg••l nomber, for the Frenchmen were .x. to one, which had not byn sene before tyme, that Thenglishe horsemen gatt the victory of the men of armes of Fraunce.* 3.1 The Frenchmen call this battaile the iour∣ney of Spurres by cause thei rāne away so fast on horsbacke. This bat∣taile was the .xvi. daye of August, in the whiche battayle was taken the duke of Longuyle, loys brother to therle of Dunoys which had maried the Marques of Rutilons heyre, the lorde Cleremounde and many o∣ther noble men to the nomber of .xii. skore and all brought to the kyn∣ges presence, and lykewyse all the standardes and banners were brought to the kyng. The Burgoniōs kept ther prisoners and brought them not to sight. The fame wēt that Moūsire dela Palayce was by them taken and lett goo. Thenglyshemen folowed the chace .iii. myle longe from the felde to a water in a valey, and there a Frenchman sayde to Sir Gyles capell that one daye they woulde haue a daye, whiche aun∣swered hym agayne in Frenche that it was a bragge of Fraunce: and so Thenglishemen returned to the kynge, whiche was commyng forward who gaue them thankes with greate praisynges for ther valiantnes, and ther he made Sir Ihon Peche bannarett and made Ihon Car Knyght which was sore hurt, and sir Ihon Peche had his guyd home ta∣ken and diuers of his men hurt, they folowed so farre. Then the kyng retreted to Gyngate, to whome came sir Rise and shewed hym how hoat the Frenchmen had skyrmyshed with hym all daye on the other syde of the ryuer, and how therle of Shrewsbury with banner displaied was al daye prest in order of battayle to haue fought with the duke of Alanson and therle of sainct Polle and the lord of Florenges which with .v. M. men as you haue harde were appoincted to reskewe the towne on that syde where the lord of Shrewsburye lay, and to let hym to come to ayde the kyng, but how so euer that it happened, they stode still and came not downe but only skyrmyshed with Sir Rice: The citie of Tyrwyn was this daye in hope of ayde, and when thei saw ther helpers cōmyng n••re, therthesame daye proudely issued out on the lord Harbert & skirmyshed with his people very valiantly, and they within also shott out ordinaūce of all partes. The lorde Harbert and his capitaines coragiously de∣fended them, and so sore they sett on the Frenchmē, that they dra••e them by force to ther gates for all ther succours, and many of them were slay∣ne: this night the kyng sent for the duke of Long••uyle and the lord Cle∣remounde and diuerse other noblemen, and the duke supped at y^• kyngs borde that nyght.

Then the Frenchmen after this discomfyture assembled together and returned to Blangoy .xii. myle from the coste, and there talked of there losses, and because they knewe not who were taken and who were s••ayn, therefore they sent an heraulde to the kyng to knowe the nomber of the

prisoners, the kynges counsayll accordynge to there desyer sent to them the names. The kyng beyng assertayned that the Frenche kynges pur∣pose was yet agayne to geue hym battayle, commaunded the best of the prisoners shoulde be conueyed to the towne of Ayre in Flaunders: but when Thenglyshmen had brought them thyther, the capitayne denyed that Thenglishmen shoulde entre the towne with prisoners of Fraunce with whome he and his countrey had peace: but yf the Frenchemen woulde desyre lodgyng for there ease, they shoulde be permytted to en∣••re. But thenglishmen in a fury aunswered, that yf you wyll not suffer vs to kepe our prisoners, we will slay them: then the Frenchmen mekely praied the capitayne to suffer the Englishemen to entre, and sware to their kepers to be trewe prysoners, and so they entered, and after were conueyed into England. The Lorde Powntremy of the howse of Cres∣quy capitayne generall of Tyrwyn perceyued the discomfiture of the Frenche partie, and perceyued howe the Earle of Shrewsburye and the Lorde Harbert had brought thither greate ordinaunce so nere the toune that nerer it coulde not be brought, and that in the walles was suche batterie that it was not lyke to continue, yet he manfully defended the cytee and shotte gonnes euery daye as he was accustomed and neuer was in despayre, tyll the .xviii. daye of thesayde moneth he sawe the kynge remoue his campe from Gyngate and layed his campe on the southe syde of the towne betwene there reskewe and the toune: then when he sawe this and consydered that hys succour••s were put backe and that the towne was sore febeled, and that the kynges greatest ordi∣naunce was bent agaynst the towne, he therfore by the aduyse of other capytaynes sent to therle of Shrewsburye and the Lorde Harb••rte a trumpett, desyerynge abstinence of warre for a daye, they incon••ynente sent to the kynge to knowe his pleasure, the kynge aunswered that he woulde not graunte till he knewe the consideracion: then the capitayne sent woorde that with saufeconduyte he would come and speke with the kynges counsayll, whyche to hym was graunted, then he sent certayne commyssioners whyche offered to delyuer the towne with all the ordy∣naunce and municions without any fraude, so that the townes men that woulde there dwell myght haue life and goodes safe, and that y^• men of warre myght departe wyth horse and harneys, for goodes they sayde they had none, and there horse and harneys was of lytell valure to so greate a prynce. After that the kyng and his counsayll had debated this matter, it was aunswered the commissioners that allthough the kynge knewe ther penury of vitayle and the dayly mortalite among them and that the towne by reason of great batteries was not able long to resiste, yet by cause they asked marcy he woulde not extende ••igor, and graun∣ted there requeste: so that they delyuered the towne with all the ordy∣naunce as they had promysed, to the whyche all they were sworne, and so returned. And thesame nyght Therle of Shrewsburye

entred the toune and had the walles and towers and the banner of saint George was set in the highest place in signe of victory, & the lord Pow∣tremy with al the garryson departed with horse and harneys accordyng to the appoinctemente. Then the lord George Talbott erle of Shrews∣burye, with .iii.C. men ser••hed the towne for fere of treason or that any inconuenience might be vnto the kyng and his people: and after that he saw all thing suer, he called al the townes men together, and sware them to be trewe to the kyng of England. When all this was done, the kyng on the .xxiiii. daye of August entered into the cytye of Tyrwyn at .ix. of the clocke before noone with great triūphe and honour, his persone was apparelled in armure gylt and grauen, his garment and barde purple veluet full of borders, and in all places trauersed with branches in ron∣nyng worke of fyne golde, the branches were of hawthorne wrought by goldesmythes crafte wounde with a braunche of Roses, and euery ••••o∣wer, lefe & bury were enbossed: After whome folowed his henxmen with the peces of armure accustomed. Thus with greate glorye this goodly prince entered and toke possession of the towne of Tyrwyn and was re∣ceiued at the Cathedrall church with procession, and they harde masse & dyned in the bi••••oppes palyce, and at after none retorned to his campe, leuynge in the towne the Earle of Shrewsbury with his retinue. The xxvi. daye of August the kyng remoued agayn to Gyngate, and there it was agreed that the walles, gates,* 3.2 bulwarkes and towers of Tyrwyn should be defaced, rased and cast downe: of whiche conclusion the Em∣perour sent word to sainct Omers, and to Ayre, which beyng Ioyous of that tidynges (for Tyrwyn was to them a scorge) sent thyther pyoners with al maner of instrumentes, and so they and thenglish pioners brake downe the walles, gates and towers of the foundacion & filled the diche and fyered the towne, except the Cathedrall church and the palayce, and all the ordinaūce was by the kyng sent to Ayre, to be kept to his vse. Af∣ter this, it was concluded that the kyng in person should ley his siege to the citee or towne of Turney, wherfore he set forwarde three goodly ba∣ttayles, the first was conduyted by therle of Shrewsbury, the seconde battayle ledde the kyng hym selfe with whome was Themperour. The rereward was conduyted by the lord Harbert: and so the first night theilaye in campe besyde Ayre, whiche night vitaile was skant, diuerse En∣glishmen tarried in Tyrwyn when the kynge was past for pillage & fy∣red certayne howses, on whome came sodainly the French stradiates, & some they slew and some they caste into the fier, they that fledde, scaped narrowly.

Wednesday the .xiiii. daie of Septēber the kyng and his army came to Beatwyn, and there had plentie of all thynges, and on the morowe he with his army passed forward and came to a strayt where was a foorde and all the carriages must nedes come downe a stepe hill to the foorde & ••o to the streyt, where as one wagon scace alone might passe, and the we∣ther was hoat and the beastes had not dronke all daye, wherfore at the

foorde the horses woulde drynke ma••gre ther leders, and so the carria∣ges wēt not all hole together which was a dowtfull case, but yet by wise order thei passed the streyte & so dyd the army & came to a place betwene Cauon and Camblyne and there lodged that night in a playne barren grounde, and the next daye he remoued his campe and the forward pas∣sed a bridge called pount Auandien into Flaunders syde & there lay, the kyng lay at the other ende of the bridge on Arthoys syde, & the rereward lay in a fayre grounde behynde the kyng.

Saterday the .xvii. day of September tidinges came to y^• kyng how the Frenchmen had assembled a great puissaūce & would fight with the king, wherfore the king caused his forward to remoue farther & sent the Almaynes to kept the passage the pount dassaus. Then the great ordy∣naunce passed the bridge of pount auandien and the king was remoued frō thence & as his tentes wre takyng vp, an askrye was made that the enemies were in sight, which noyse was sodainly seased and sir William Sandes with .vii.C. Englishmē & strangers was appoincted to kepe y^• bridge and certayne ordinaunce was to him appoincted.

When the kyng and all the carriages were passed, then the lord Har∣bert remoued ouer the bridge and encamped hym behynde the kyng by a fayre mylle, when the kynge was ••ncamped and all thynges in order, there came to hym a noble man of Flaunders called the lorde Rauesten which after his humble reuerence done, shewed the kyng that the young prynce of castel Charles and the lady Margarete gouernes of thesayde prynce most hartely desyred him for his pastime after his long trauayle to come and repose in his towne of Lysle and to see his brother y^• prynce and the ladies of the court of Burgoyne, sayenge that it became not la∣dies to visite hym in his marcyall campe whiche to them was terryble. The kyng gentelly graunted his request, & then he sent his officers the∣ther to make prouision and appoyncted the duke of Buckyngham the Marques Dorsett therle of Essex and the lord Lysle and dyuerse other to geue ther attendaunce on him, and committed his campe to his coun∣sayll, Then he mounted on a courser, his app••rell and barde were cloth of syluer of small quadrant cuttes trauersed and edged with cutt clothe of golde, and the border set full of redde roofes, his armore freshe and sett full of iuels, the Master of hys horse Sir Henry Guylforde and the henshmen folowed as you haue hard before, and the coursers richely apparelled and so were many capitaynes that wayted on the kyng: by the waye mett the kyng the lorde Rauesten with many noble men and a myle withoute the towne ther mette with hym the Bourgesses of Lysle and presented to hym the keyes of the towne, sayeng, that Themperour their souereigne lord and so commaunded them to do. The king praised there obediēs to ther souereigne, & thāked y^• Emperour & thē for so high a presente as the keyes of such a towne. Neuerthelesse he had suche con∣fidence in them, that he trusted them no lesse then his awne suby••ctes, and so delyuered the keyes to the prouost of the towne whiche was well

accompanyed: then mette the kyng a great nomber of nobles of Flaun∣ders, Brabant, Hollande, and Henawde, which nobly receaued hym. Af∣ter thē came the Coūtye Palatine or Paulsgraue one of y^• electors of the empyre ••ith .xxx. horses al his men gorgiously appareilled after the fas∣shion of his countrey, and humbly saluted the kyng. At the gate of Lisle the capita••n of the towne stode with a garrison in armure wel appoinc∣te•• all the strets were sett on bothe sydes with burnyng torches and di∣uerse goo••ly pagiantes pleasant to beholde: thus he passed thorowe the towne with his swerde and ma••es borne before hym, and alighted at the hall dore with his swerde borne, where mett w^t him thēp••rour, the prince of castel & the la••y Margaret and hūbly saluted him: then for reuerence of themperour, the kyng caused his swerde to be put vp and his maces to be leyed downe, then was the kyng and all other nobles lodged and feasted accordyng to their degrees.

In the towne of Lisle was a noys that .iii. gonners with handgon∣nes should haue slayne y^• kyng: For which rumour many were attached, but nothynge proued, but when this tidynges came to the campe, they were neuer mery tyl thei saw the kyng agayne, grett was the chere with ba••k••ttes, playes, commodies, maskes and other pastymes that was she••ed to the kyng in the courte of Burgoyne, and so in solace he soior∣ni••d there Sondaye and Mondaye the .xix. daye of September: the .xx. d••ye he sent woorde that his armye shoulde remoue towarde Tournay, and so they remoued to a place conuenient betwene Tournay and Lisle, and certayn capitaines were appoīcted to kepe y^• passage at the bridge of Auandien.

After that the kyng had taryed of Lisle .iii. daies, and had well repo∣sed 〈◊〉〈◊〉 selfe, he toke his leaue and thanked the Emperour & the young pry••ce & the lady Margaret & al the ladies of all his high chere & solace an•• ••bout .vi. of the clock at night, he departed out of Lisle, and y^• noble men ••rou••ht the kynge foorth and so returned, and then the capitayne 〈…〉〈…〉.

〈◊〉〈◊〉 the kyng was a mile and more out of the toune, he asked were his campe 〈◊〉〈◊〉 no man there could tell the way, and guyde had thei non••, the night was darke and mistie: thus the kyng taryed a lōg whyle and wist not whyther to go, at last they mette with a vitayler commyng from the campe whiche was ther guyde and brought them thither. The ma••ter of the ordynaunce shotte dyuerse peces of ordynaunce but they were not harde, but in safetie the kyng with all his company returned.

The .xxi. daye of September the kyng remoued his campe towarde Tournay and lodged within .iii. myles of the cytie, on a corne grounde by the ryuer. The whiche nyght came to the kyng Themperour and the Paulsgraue whiche were lodged in ryche tentes and nobly serued of all vyandes and thynges necessarye. The people aboute Tournay were wyth there goodes fledde to the cytie, and yet the cytie had no men of warre to defende yt, but with multytude of inhabitauntes the

cytee was well replenished: the kyng cōmaunded sir Rice and his horse∣men to vewe one quarter, and therle of Essex and his company another quarter, and the lord Walowne & the lord Ligny the other quarters: so the .xxii. day of september these .iiii. capitains at one tyme were sone opē∣ly w^t banners displaied before the towne, and there made a long stale & retorned. The kyng sent Gartier kyng of armes & a pursiuant of armes with a trompett to somon the citee, which declared that the kyng of En∣gland and of Fraunce commaunded them to yelde to hym his citee & to receaue him as there naturall lord, or he woulde put them and ther citee to swerde, fyer, and bloude. To whome they prowdely aunswered, y^• thei toke no citee of him to kepe nor none would thei rēder, w^t which answere he departed. Then they fortyfied there walles, & made prouysion for vi∣taile, corne, wyne, & artilerie, & for all fortificacions that might be gottē. And the citee of it selfe was strong, wel walled, & turryted w^t good Bul∣warkes & defenses: But when they sawe the kyng with suche a puilaūce drawe nere ther cytee, they were sore abas••hed and called a generall coū∣sayll: then the prou••st sayde, brethern you knowe how y^• the kyng of En∣glande sent an heraulde to somon vs to rendre to hym this cytee, or els he woulde put it & vs to the swerde, fyer, and bloude, we aunswered we would be at defence: nowe he is come in our sight to fulfull the message sent by his herauld, & now is come the time of our defence, & in this mat∣ter stādeth .iii. mischiefes, one is our bouden deuty & allegeaūce that we owe to our souereigne lord kyng Loys of Fraunce, the seconde the lifes of vs, our wifes, children, and neighbours, the thirde how to defende the finall distructiō of this aūcient cytee which is lickely to fall, which cytee was neuer conquired & now our cytee is hole (your liues in sauity, you•• goodes your awne) determine whither you wyl haue warr or peace: then the cōmon people cried all war, war, war▪ then saide the prouost take cō∣passiō of wifes & childrē & of the old folke, cōsider yf you haue no quyck teskue you came not continue against yōder puisaūce, al tho your cora∣ges were as good as Hectors or A••hilles, this y^• wisest of the citee and I hau•• cosidered. Then sodainly was ther in y^• counsaill, a vauntparler, •• botcher which heryng this, called a great nomber of his affini••ie & went out of the counsayll, & so out of the gates & sett fi••r of the suborbes on all sydes. When he counsaill saw the myndes of the commons and that ther wayes might not be folowed, then they comfort••d the people and maynteyned them for ther defence. The kyng Raysed his campe & cam•• in Array of battayle before Tornay, the Earle of Shres••ury with the forwarde was a littell space on the right hand brest with the kyngs bat∣tayle, and the lorde Harbert with the rerewarde on the le••t hande in lyke manner, the daye was fayer and the harneys glistered and banners wa∣ued that they of the cytee were sore af••••ayed: thus stode the kynges bat∣tayles in Array before Tourney. Then the kynge commaunded hys greate ordynaunce to be caried in the waye passynge towarde the cy∣tee & so euery thyng accordyng to his commaundemēt was accōplished

Then the kyng hym selfe with a fewe persones rode betwene his ordy∣naunce and the towne, and rode in great aduenture so ne••e the walles, y^• he might vewe the walles and the towers very well: they shotte out of there towers peces of ordinaūce & hurt such as came within there leuell. Then they rong the alarme bell, which was harde wel in the felde. Then the citezens issued out at the gate by the ryuer and manfully profered to skyrmish▪ but thei w^t archers were sone driuen backe to their gates. The English carriers that came with the harbeshers to take ground ranne to the gates of Tornay, and toke certayne wagons with beere and vitayle and yet the Turnoyes dyrst not resiste, although they were in greater nomber then the men of cariage. In this skyrmysh the horse of the lorde Ihon ••ray brother to the Marques Dorsett which went to defende the Cariours was ••layne with a gonne, and he not hurt. After that the kyng in person had thus in i••opardie auētured hym self and vewed the toune, he caused immediatly .xxi. peces of great artilery to be brought in a plain feld before the towne, and when thei were charged▪ thei were immediatly shotte, & the most parte of the stones fell with in the cytee, & so thei shotte diuerse shottes one after another.

Then the kyng with all his battayle planted hys siege on the northe parte of the citee: Therle of Shrew••bury with his battayle warded to∣warde the south syde of the ryuer and there lay that nyght. The Lorde Harbert with the rerewarde plāted hts battall on the west syde of the ci∣tee▪ and with great ordynaunce daily bett the walles and towers of the citee. On the morowe beynge the .xxiii. daie: the Lorde Talbott Erle of Shrewsbury accompanied with the noble men of his battaill whose na∣mes you haue harde at his first passyng the see, passed ouer the ryuer of Tornay and planted his siege on the southe syde stretchyng to the east ende of the citee, & bent his artilery against the walles of the citee. Thus was the citee of Tornay beseged on all partes, & euer in hope of reskue valiantly defended her selfe.

Nowe must I leue the kynge at the siege of Turnay, and diuerte to thinges done in England in his absence, and declare howe the kynge of Scottes inuaded the realme of Englande, and howe he was defended and fought with al, and in conclusion slayn the .vii. daye of this moneth of September.

When the kynge of Englande was determined in his high court of Parliament to passe the see, in proper person for the recouery of his re∣alme of Fraunce, he and his counsaill forgatt not the olde Prankes of the Scottes which ys euer to inuade England when the kyng is out, or with in age: and also he had knowlege that at Camphe••e in Zeeland the Scottes dayly shipped long speres called colleyne clowystes armure & artiler••e, whi••h dealyng made his grace and his counsaill to dowt••: not∣withstandyng th••t the kyng of Scottes was sworne on the sacramēt to kepe the peace, yet for voydynge of all dowtes, the kyng appoincted the lord Thomas Haward erle of Surrey sonne to the lorde Ihō Haward

duke of Norffolke and high treasourer and marshall of Englande, to be hys lieut••naunt in the North parties agaynste thesayde kynge of Scottes, if he fortuned to inuade (as he dyd in dede) accordinge to the olde traytorous accustome of hys progenitors, and that the sayde erle should reyse the powers of the contrey of Chester, Lancaster, Duresme Northumberlande, Westmerlande, and Comberland, besyde other ay∣des to be apoyncted by the quene. And whē the kyng should take ship at Douer, he toke the erle by the hande, and sayde, my lorde I trust not the Scottes, therfore I pray you be not negligent, then sayde the erle I shall so do my duety, that your grace shall fynde me diligent, and to fulfill your will shalbe my gladnes: Therle coulde skantly speake whē he toke his leaue, for the departing frō the noble prynce hys souereigne lorde and kyng, and from the floure of all the nobilitie of this realme, beyng redy in suche an honorable iorney. And when he was somewhat settelled in hys mode, he sayde to some that were about hym: Sory may I se hym or I dye, that is cause of my abydinge behynde, and if euer he and I mete, I shall do that in me lyeth to make hym as sory if I can•• meanynge thesame by the kynge of Scottes. From Douer he attendid on the quene to London, comfortynge her the best he myght, and shor∣tely sent for hys gentelmen and tenauntes, whiche were .v.C. able men, whiche mustered before syr Thomas louel, knyght, the .xxi. daye of Iu∣ly, and the .xxi. daye he rode thorough London Northwarde, and came to Dancaster, and there commaunded syr William bulmer knight, to make haste to the marches of Scotlande, and to lye in the castels and fortresses on the frontiers with .ij.C. archers and horsebacke: for the erle by open tokens dayly perceiued that y^• Scottes entended warre. Then the sayde syr William with all spede departed and came to the borders and the erle came to Pomfret, the first daye of August, & there taried. After that syr William bulmer was come to the borders, one daye in August, the lorde Chamberlayne and warden of Scotland with .vii. or viii. M. men with banner displayed entered into England, and brent & haryed a great praye in Northumberland: that hering syr Williā bul∣ner, called to hym the gentelmen of the borders with his archers, and al they were not a thousand men. And when they were nere assembled, they brought thē selfes in to a brome felde, called Mylfeld, where the Scot∣tes should passe. And as y^• Scottes proudely returned with their pray, the Englishmen brake oute, and the Scottes on fote like men them de∣fended, but the archers shotte so holy together, that they made y^• Scot∣tes geue place, and .v. or .vi. hundred of them were slayne, and .iiii. hun∣dred and more taken prisoners, and the pray reskued beside a great nū∣ber of geldinges▪ that were taken in the countrey, and the lorde Hume▪ lorde Chamberlayne fled, & his banner taken. This was the fyrst open token of warre, shewed by the Scottes, whiche call this iourney the yll Roade.

The erle of Surrey, beyng at Pomfred, called to hym the most parte

of the Gentelmen of the Counties to hym apoynted as is before reher∣sed, declaringe to them the kynges hygh commaundement, shewynge them, that he beynge there the kynges Lieutenaunt muste nedes haue ayde and counsayll. Wherefore he sware the mooste wysest and experte gentelmen in suche causes of the kynges counsayll and hys for that tyme, for the better compassynge hys charge and purpose, and for too brynge euery thynge in dew order: Fyr••t they toke a determinacion with syr Philippe Tylney knight, Treasurer of the warres, howe the charges shoulde be payde, and secondarely with syr Nycholas apply∣arde, master of the ordinaunce▪ for the conueyaunce of the kynges roy∣all ordinaunce, pouder and artillerie to Newcas••ell, and so forwarde as the case shoulde requyer, whiche syr Nycholas by William Black∣nall, clercke of the kynges spycerie, sent the saide ordinaunce and artil∣lerie to Durham before, so that all thynges, concerning that office were in a redynes. The erle forgat not to sende too all lordes Spirituall and Temporall, Knyghtes, Gentelmen, or other whiche had tenauntes, or were rulers of tounes or liberties (able to make men) to certifie what number of able men horsed and haruesed, they were able to make with∣in an houres warnynge & to geue there attendaunce on hym, and also he layed Postes euery waye, whiche Postes stretched to the marches of Wales to the counsayll there, by reason whereof, he had knowlege what was done in euery coste.

The erle was enformed by the lorde Dacres, of the numbrynge and preparynge of men in Scotlande, and Proclamacions soundinge to the breche or peace, and yet though he considered that the Roade made by the lorde Chamberlayne of Scotlande into Englande, beyng distrussed by syr William Bulmer, as is a••ore rehersed, was an open breche of the perpetuall peace: yet the sayde lorde Dacres auysed the the earle for many and greate weyghty causes, not to reyse or styrre the powers of the countrey, to hym appoynted tyll he mighte perceyue and openly know the subtyle purpose and entent of the Scottes aforesaid, lest if the Scottes had perceyued the Englishemen redy to fighte they woulde haue desisted of theyr purpose ••or that tyme, tyll the Englishe∣men were returned to theyr countreys, and then sodaynely too ryse a∣gayne.

Then the Erle knowynge that the towne of Barwycke was strōg ynough, sent to the Capitayne of Norham, certefienge hym, that if he thought the Castell in anye daungier or debylitie, he woulde put hym selfe in a readynes to reskew it, if it were beseged, the Capitayn wrote to the Erle, thankynge hym and prayed GOD that the Kynge of Scottes woulde come wyth hys puyssaunce, for he woulde kepe hym playe tyll the tyme that the Kynge of Englande came oute of Fraunce to reskew it, whiche aunswer reioysed the Erle muche.

came out of Fraunce, to reskewe it, whiche aunswer reioysed the Erle muche.

After the kynge of Scottes had sent hys defyaunce to the kynge of Englande, lyenge before Tyrwyn, as you haue harde, he dayly made hys musters, and assembled hys people ouer all hys realme, whereof the brute was that they were two hundred thousand, but for a suertye they were an hundred thousand good lightynge men at the lest, & wyth all hys hoste and power entered into Englande (and threw doune py∣les) the .xxii. daye of August, and planted hys siege before the Castell of Norham, and sore abated the walles. The erle hard tydynges thereof the fyue and twenty day of August, beynge saynct Barthelme∣wes daye.

Then he wrote to all the gentelmen of the shyres aforesayde, to be with hym at Newcastell, the fyrst daye of Septēber next with all there retynew accordynge to the certificat. On the morow, he with his fyue hundred men came to Yorke, and the .xxvi. daye he went toward New∣castell, and not withstandyng that he had the fowlest day and nyght y^• could be, and the wayes so depe, in so much that hys guyde was almost drouned before hym, yet he neuer ceased, but kept on hys iorney to geue example to them that should folow. He beyng at Durham was aduer∣tised how the kyng of Scottes with hys greate ordinaunce had rased teh walles of the Castell of Norham, and had made thre great Assaul∣tes thre dayes together, and the Capitayne valyauntly defended hym, but he spent vaynely so muche of hys ordinaunce, bowes and arrowes and other municions that at the laste he lacked, and so was at the .vi. daye compelled to yelde hym symply to the kynges mercy. This castell was thought impregnable, if it had bene well fu••nished, but the Scot∣tes by the vndiscrete spendynge of the Capitayne, toke it in sixe dayes: thys chaunce was more sorowfull to the erle then to the Bishoppe ow∣ner of thesame. All that nyghte the wynde blewe corragiously, wher∣fore the erle doubted least, the lorde Hawarde hys sonne greate Admy∣rall of Englande shoulde perishe that nyght on the sea, who promised to lande at Newcastell with a thousand men, to accompaynie hys fa∣ther, whyche promyse he accomplished.

The erle harde Masse, and appoynted with the Prior for saincte Cu••••erdes banner,* 3.3 and so that daye beynge the thyrty daye of August he came to Newcastell: thither came the lorde Dacres, syr William Bulmer, syr Marmaducke Constable, and many other substanciall gentelmen, whome he reteyned wyth hym as counsayllers, and there determined that on Sundaye nexte ensuynge, he shoulde take the f••lde at Bolton in Glendale, and because many souldioures were re∣payrynge to hym, he lefte Newcastell to the entent that they that folo∣wed, shoulde haue there more rome, and come to Alnewyke the thyrde d••ye of September, and because hys souldi••rs were not come, by rea∣son

of the foule waye he was ••ayne to tarye there all the fourthe daye beynge Sundaye, whiche daye came to hym the lorde Admyrall hys sonne, with a compaignye of valyaunt Capitaynes and able souldiars and maryners, whiche all came from the sea, the commynge of hym muche reioyced hys father, for he was very wyse, hardy, and of greate credence and experience. Then he Erle and hys counsayll, with greate deliberacion appoynted hys battayles in order with wynges and with ryders necessarie.

¶Fyrste of the forwarde was Capitayne the lorde Hawarde, Ad∣myrall of Englande, with suche as came from the sea, and with hym syr Nycholas Applyarde, syr Stephen Bull, syr Henry Shyreburne, syr William Sydney, syr Edwarde Echyngham, the lorde Clyfforde, the lorde Co••yers, the lorde Latymer, the lorde Scrope of Upsale, the lorde Egle, the lorde Lomley, syr William Bulmer with the power of the Bishoprycke of Durham, syr William Gascoyne, syr Christopher Warde, syr Ihon Eueryngham, syr Thomas Metham, syr Water Gryffith, and many other.

¶Of the wynge on the righte hande of the forwarde, was Capi∣tayne syr Edmonde Hawarde knyght, Marshall of the hoste, and with hym Bryan Tunstall, Raufe Br••arton, Ihon Laurence, Rycharde Bolde Esquyers, and syr Ihon Bothe, syr Thomas Butler Knygh∣tes, Rycharde Donne, Ihon Bygod, Thomas Fitzwilliam, Ihon Claruys, Bryan Stapulton, Robert warcoppe, Rycharde Cholmeley, with the men of Hull, and the Kynges tenauntes of Hatfelde and o∣ther.

¶Of the the wyng of the left hande, was Capitayn syr Marmaduke Constable with hys sonnes and kynnesmen, syr william Percy, and of Lancashere, a thousand men.

¶Of the rerewarde was Capitayne the erle of Surrey hym selfe, and with hym the lorde Scrope of Bolton, syr Philippe Tylney, syr Ge∣orge Darcy, syr Thomas Barkebey, syr Ihon Rocliffe, syr Christo∣pher Pykeryng, Rycharde Tempest, syr Ihon Stanley with the Bis∣shop of Elyes seruauntes, syr Bryan Stapulton, Lyonell Percy, with the Abbot of Whitbyes tenauntes, Christopher Clapham, syr Williā Gascoing the younger, syr Guy Dawney, Master Magnus, Master Dalbyes seruauntes, syr Ihon Normauyle, the citiezens of Yorke, syr Nynyan Markanuyle, syr Ihon Wylloghby with other.

¶Of the wyng on the right hande was capitayne the lorde Dacres with hys power.

¶On the leftehande wynge was syr Edwarde Stanley knyght, wyth the residue of the power of the countye Palantyne and of Lan∣caster.

And when all men were appoynted and knewe what too do. The erle and hys counsayll concluded and determined emonge other thyn∣ges to sende Rouge crosse, pursiuaunt of armes with a trompet too the

to sende Rouge Crosse pursiuaunt of armes with a trompette too the kynge of Scottes, with certayne instruccions, signed by thesayde erle, conteynynge woorde by woorde as foloweth.

Fyrst where there hathe bene suy••e made to the kyng of Scottes by Elyzabeth Heron, wyfe to William Heron of Forde, nowe prysoner in Scotlande, for castynge doune of the house or Castell of Forde, and as thesayde Elizabeth reporteth vppon communicacion had, thesayde kynge hath promysed and condiscended to thesayde Elizabeth, that if she any tyme before none, the fift daye of September, woulde brynge and deliuer vnto hym the lorde Iohnstowne, and Alexander Hume, then prysoners that tyme in Englande, he then is contented and agreed that thesayde house or Castell shall stande without castynge doune, brennynge or spoylynge thesame: Whereunto thesayde erle is con∣tent with that, vppon thys condicion that if thesayde kynge wyll pro∣mytte the assuraunce of thesayde Castell, in maner a••d forme afore∣sayde vnder hys s••ale, to deliuer thesayde lorde of Iohnstowne and Alexander Hume, immediately vppon thesame assuraunce. And in case thesayde kynge can and will be content to delyuer thesayde Heron oute of Scotlande, then thesayde erle shall cause to be deliuered to the sayde kynge the two gentelmen and two other, syr George Hume and William Carre.

Farther thesayde erle woll that you Rouge Crosse, shewe the sayde kyng, that where he contrary to hys othe and league, and vnna∣turally agaynste all reason and conscience, hathe entred and inuaded thys hys brothers realme of Englande, and done great hurte to the same, in castynge doune Castelles, Towers and houses, brenninge, spoylynge and destroiynge of the same, and cruelly murderynge the kynge of Englande hys brothers subiectes. Wherefore thesayde erle wyll be readye too trye the rightfulnes of the matter wyth the king in battaill by Frydaye nexte commynge at the farthest, if he of hys no∣ble courage wyll geue hym tarienge, and abode, within thys the kyn∣ges Realme so longe tyme: And the same thesayde erle promiseth, as he is true knyghte to God and the Kynge of Englande hys ma∣ster. And before Rouge Crosse shoulde departe with thesayde in∣struccions, thesayde lorde Admyrall gaue hym in credence too shewe thesayde Kynge of hys commynge, and parte of hys compaignye on the sea with hym: and that he hadde soughte the Scottyshe Nauye, then beynge on the sea, but he coulde not mete with theim, because they were ••••edde into Fraunce, by the coste of Irelande.

And in asmuche as thesayde kynge hadde diuerse and many ty∣mes caused thesayde lorde, too be called at dayes of true, too make re∣dresse for Andrew Barton, a Pirate of the sea, longe before that van∣quyshed by thesame lorde Admyrall, he was nowe come in hys awne proper person too be in the Uauntgarde of the felde to Ius••ifie the

deathe of thesayde Andrewe, agaynste hym and all hys people, and woulde se what coulde be ••ayed to hys charge thesayde daye, and that he nor none of hys compaignye shoulde take no Scottshe noble man prysoner, nor any other, but they shoulde dye if they came in hys daun∣ger, oneles it were the kynges awne person, for he sayde he t••usied too none other curtesye at the handes of the Scottes.

And in thys maner he shoulde fynde hym in the Uauntgarde of the felde by the grace of GOD and sayncte George as he was a trew knyghte. Yet before the departynge of Rouge Crosse with thesayde instruccions and credence, it was thoughte by the E••le and hys coun∣sayll, that thesayde kynge woulde fayne and Imagen some other mes∣sage, too sende an Heraulde of hys with thesame, onely to Uiew, and ouer se the maner and order of the kynges royall armye, ordinaunce, and artillerie, then beynge with the Erle, wherby myghte haue ensued greate daungier to thesame, and for exchuynge thereof, he hadde in in commaundemente, that if any suche message were sente, not to bryng any person, commynge therewith within three or two myle of the ••elde at the nyghest, where thesayde Erle woulde come, and heare what he would saye: And thus departed Rouge Crosse with his trumpet appa∣rayled in hys Cote of armes.

On Mondaye the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 daye of September, the Erle tooke hys felde at Bolton in Glendall as he hadde appoyncted, where al the no∣ble men and gentelmen met with their re••ynewes too the number of of six and twenty thousande men, and aboute mydnighte next ensuyng, came the trompette, whiche went with Rouge Crosse, and declared how the kynge of Scottes, after the message done to hym by Rouge Crosse accordynge too hys instruccions, thesayde Kynge detayned hym, and sent on Ilay a Harauld of hys wyth hym vnto the Erle, to declare too hym thesayde Kynges pleasure, too whome the Erle sente Yorke He∣raulde at armes, to accompaignie thesayde Ilay, at a Uillage called Mylo, twoo myles from the felde, vntyll the commynge thether of the∣sayde Erle the next morow.

The sixt daye of September, early in the mornynge, the Erle ac∣compaignied with the moost parte of the lordes, knyghtes and gentel∣men of the felde, euery man hauynge with hym but one man too holde hys horsse, and so thesayde Heraulde met with the erle, and with b••oūt reuerence declared hym that he was come from hys master the Kynge of Scottes, whiche woulde knowe, whither the Erle sente anye suche message by Rouge Crosse, the Erle iustified thesame, saiynge farther, that Rouge Crosse hadde thesame message of hym in writynge signed with hys awne hande, whereunto thesayde Ilay sayde, as touchynge the sauynge from brennynge or destroiynge, and castynge doune of the Castell of Forde, for the deliueraunce of thesayde prisoners, The kyng

hys master woulde thereto make no aunswer. But as too the aby∣dynge for battayll betwene that and Frydaye, then nexte folowynge, the kynge hys master badde hym shewe too the Earle, that he was as welcome as any noble man of Englande vnto thesame kynge, and that if he had bene at home in hys Towne o•• Edēborough, there receyuyng suche a message from thesayde Erle, he woulde gladlye haue come and fulfylled thesayde Erles desyre: and the Heraulde assured the Erle on the kynge hys masters behalfe, that thesame kynge woulde abyde him vattayll at the daye prefixed, whereof thesayde erle was righte ioyous and muche praysed the honourable agrement of thesayde royall kynge and estemed thesame too procede of an hygh and noble courage, pro∣mysynge the Heraulde that he and good su••rtye with hym shoulde be bounde in ten thousande pound sterlynge too kepe thesayde daye ap∣poynted, so that the kynge woulde fynde an Erle of hys, and thereto a good suerty with hym to be bounde in lyke summe, ••or the per••ormās of thesame: And farthermore the Erle bad the Heraulde for to say to hys master, that if he for hys parte kepte not hys appoyntemente, then he was content, that the Scottes shoulde Ba••••ull hym, whiche is a great reproche amonge the Scottes, and is vsed when a man is openly periured, and then they make of hym and Image paynted reuersed, with hys he••es vpwarde, with hys name, wonderyng, cryenge and blowing out of hym with hornes, in the moost dispitefull maner they can.

In token that he is worthy too be exi••ed the compaignie of all good Creatures.

Then Ilay deliuered too the Earle a littell Cedule, wryten with the kynges Secretaries hande vnsigned, the tenor whereof folo∣weth.

¶As to the cause alleged of oure commynge into Englande agayne, oure bande and promyse (as is alleged) thereto we aunswer, ower brother was bounde also farre to vs as we to hym. And when we sware laste before hys Ambassade, in presence of oure counsayll, we expressed specially in oure othe, that we woulde kepe to oure brother, if oure brother kepte to vs, and nat elles, we sweare oure brother brake fyrste to vs, and sythe hys breke, we haue requyred dyuerse tymes hym too amend, and lately we warned oure brother as he dyd not vs or he brake and thys we take for oure quarell, and with Goddes grace shal defende thesame at youre affixed tyme, whiche with Goddes grace we shall abyde.

And for asmuche as thesayde Kynge kepte styll Rouge Crosse with hym, who was not yet returned, thesame Earle caused the∣sayde Ilay too be in the kepynge of Syr Humfrey Lysle and Yor∣ke Heraulde, in thesame Vyllage, vntyll the tyme that a seruaunt of thesayde Ilay myghte ryde in all haste too the royall Kynge of

Scottes, for the deliuerynge of thesayde Rouge Crosse. Then the erle Ioyous of the kynges aūswer, returned to hys campe, and fet for∣warde fyue myle, too a place called Woller Hawgh, in suche order of battayll, as euen then he should haue fought, and there lodged for that nighte, three littell myles from the kynge of Scottes, and betwene the kynge and hym was a goodly and large corne felde, called Mylfelde whiche was a conuenient and fayre grounde for twoo hostes too fight on, there euery hoste myghte perceyue other.

The morowe beynge Wednysdaye, the .vii. daye of that moneth, the kynge of Scottes caused hys greate ordinaunce too be shotte at the Englishe armye, but it hurte neither man nor beast. When the kynge of Scottes sawe that Ilay was deteyned, he sent awaye Rouge Crosse to the erle, by whome, and other of the borders he was aduerti∣sed that the kynge laye vppon the syde of a hyghe mountayne, called Floddon on the edge of Cheuyot, where was but one narow felde for any man to ascende vp thesayde hyll to hym, and at the foote of the hyll laye all hys ordinaunce. On the one syde of hys armye was a greate Marrishe, and compassed with the hylles of Cheuyot, soo that he laye to stronge too be approched of any syde: excepte the Englishmen would haue temerariously ronne on hys ordinaunce, whiche matter well considered by the Erle and hys sonne, and other of the counsayll there, they called too theim Rouge Crosse, and sent hym the nexte daye to the kynge of Scottes, willinge hym too shewe the kynge, that the sayde erle, with dyuerse of the kynges nobles and subiectes hadde a∣vaunced them selfes too geue battayll too hys grace, trustynge that accordinge too hys promise, he woulde auaunce hym selfe and hys ar∣mye to ioyne the battayll, whiche as yet he hath not done. Wherefore he desyred the kynge that he myghte haue knowlege by noone that daye, whether he of hys noble courage woulde discende the hyll, where he lay and too geue battayll or not: and if he saye that I shall not knowe hys entent, or wyll saye, that he will kepe the grounde: then shewe hym that he perceyueth well that that place is no indifferent grounde for twoo armyes too fighte, and therefore I will looke for no mo of his delayes. The same daye beynge oure Ladye daye the Natiuite Rouge Crosse departed to the kyng of Scottes, whiche woulde not heare hym speke, but sente one of hys seruitours to heare hys message, Whiche seruitour after he hadde disclosed the same to the kynge, made aunswer, that it besemed not an erle, after that maner too handle a kynge, and that he woulde vse no sorcery, nor had no trust of any grounde:

You haue hearde before, howe Ilay the Scottishe Heraulde was returned for Rouge Crosse, and as s••ne as Rouge Grosse was retur∣ned, he was discharged, but he taryed with Yorke an English Herauld makynge good chere, and was not returned that mornyng that Rouge Crosse came on hys message, wherefore Rouge Crosse and his tromp••t

no trust of any grounde.

You haue harde before, howe Ilay the Scottishe Heraulde was retur∣ned for Rouge Crosse, and as sone as Rouge Crosse was returned, he was discharged, but he taryed with Yorke an Englishe Heraulde ma∣kynge good chere, and was not returned that mornynge that Rouge Crosse came on hys message, wherefore Rouge Crosse and hys trompet were detayned by the seruaunte of Ilay, whiche the daye before went for Rouge Crosse, assurynge them that if Ilay came not home before none, that he was not liuinge, and then they shoulde haue their heddes stryken of, then Rouge Crosse offered that hys seruaunt shoulde go for Ilay, but it would not be excepted, but as hap was Ilay came home before none, and shewed of his gentell enterteynynge, and then Rouge Crosse was deliuered, and came to the Englishe armye, and made re∣porte as you haue hearde.

Then the Englishemen remoued their felde on the water of Tyll, and so forthe ouer many hylles and streytes, marchynge toward the Scottes on another syde, and in their sight the Scottes burned cer¦tayne poore Uyllages on the othersyde of the Marishe.

The Englishemen, alwayes leauynge the Scottishe armye on the left hande, toke their felde vnder a wood syde, called Barmer wood, two myle from the Scottes, and betwene the two armyes was the Ry∣uer of Tyll, & there was a littell hyll that saued the Engliishmen from the gonneshotte, on whiche hyll the lorde Admyrall perfightly saw and discouered them all.

In the euenynge of thesame daye it was concluded betwene the erle and hys counsayll, and most parte of the armye thereto agreed, that the Uauntgarde with the ordinaunce shoulde passe ouer agayne the water of Tyll, at a bridge called Twysel bridge the .ix. day of Sep∣tember, and the rerewarde to passe ouer at Mylforde, puttinge theym selfes as nye as they coulde betwene the Scottes and Scotlande, and so to geue battayll to the Scottes on the hyll, called Floddon hyll. Frydaye the sayde nynth daye, the lorde Admyrall, lyke a valiaunte knyghte, passed ouer Twysell bridge with the Uantgarde, marchyng towarde hys enemyes, lyke diligence was made by the Erle for pas∣synge ouer at Mylfforde with the rerewarde, saiynge to hys Capytai∣nes, now good fellowes, do lyke Englishemen this day, take my parte lyke men, whiche parte is the kynges parte, and I wyste you would not, I will in my awne person fighte with the kynge of Scottes, ra∣ther to dye honourably by hys crueltye, then to lyue in shame, or that any reproche shoulde be layed to me hereafter.

To whome they aunswered, that they woulde serue the kynge and hym truely that daye. The Englishe armye that daye hadde no vitayle and were fastynge, and two dayes afore they had onely dronke water,

and coulde s••ace get anye other sustenaunce for money, and yet they kept array on horsebacke from fyue of the clocke in the mornynge tyll foure of the clocke at after none, and were alwayes in the sighte of the Scottes.

The kynge of Scottes perceyuinge the Englishemen, marchinge towarde Scotlande, thought that they would haue entered into Scot∣lande, and burne and fortay the plentifull coūtray, called the Marche, for so was he made beleue by an Englishemā named Gyles Musgraue whyche was familiar with the kynge of Scottes, and dyd it for a pol∣lecie to cause hym to come doune from the hyll: Wherefore the sayde kynge caused hys tentes to be remo••••d to an other hyll in greate haste, least ••he Englishemen shoulde haue taken thesame hyll: And at theyr departinge they sette fyer on theyr litter and other fylthy ordure, accor∣dynge to theyr custome, and of the fyer and smolder dyd ryse suche a smooke so thicke and so darke, that the one host coulde not perceyue the other, for the ••ynde did driue the smoke betwene the twoo armyes, the Sco••tes euer kepyng the heygth of the hyll on the edge of the che∣uyot▪ and the E••glishemen passed forward styll in the lowe grounde, and euer in the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 of the smoke, in so muche that bothe the hostes were ••ery ••ere together, within the space of a quarter of a myle, before one of ••hem 〈◊〉〈◊〉 perceyue another for the smoke. Then, when the Englishemen had passed a lyttell brooke, called Sa••dyfforde, whyche is but a ma••s step ouer, and that the smoke was passed, and the Ayre fayre and cleare, eche army myghte playnly see one an other at hande.

Th••n the lord Admyrall perceyued foure great battayles of the Scot∣tes 〈…〉〈…〉 with longe speres lyke moorishe pykes: whyche Scot∣tes 〈◊〉〈◊〉 them warlike, and bent theim to the forwarde, whiche was 〈◊〉〈◊〉 by the lord Admirall, whiche perceyuynge that, sent to hys Fa••••er the erle of Surrey hys Ag••us 〈◊〉〈◊〉 that h••nge at hys brest that in all hast he woulde ioyne battayll, euen wyth the bro••t or brest of the ••antgarde: for the forwarde alone was not able to encountre the whole battayll of the Scottes, the erle perceyuynge well the saiynge of hys sonne, and seynge the Scottes ready to discende ••he hyll a••aun∣sed hym selfe and hys people forwarde, a••d broughte theym egall in grounde wyth the forwarde on the left hande, euen at the bro••t or brest of thesame at the foote of the hyll called B••amston, the Englishe army stretched East and West, and theyr barkes Northe, and the Scottes in the Southe before theim on the forsayde hyll called Bramston.

Then oute brast the ordinaunce on bothe sydes wyth fyre flamme and hydeous noyse, and the Master gonner of the Englishe parte ••lewe the Master gormer of Scotlande, and bet all hys men from theyr ordi∣naunce, so that the Scottishe ordynaunce dyd no harme too the En∣glishemen, but the Englishemens Artyllerie shotte into the myddes of the Kynges battayll, and slewe many persones, whyche seynge the kyng

of Scottes and hys noble men, made the more haste too come too ioy∣nyng, and so all the foure battayles in man••r discended the hyll at once. And after that the shotte was done, whiche they defended with Pauishes, they came to handestrockes, and were encontred seuerally as you shall here.

Fyrst on the Englyshe syde next the West, was Syr Edmonde [ j] Hawarde knyghte, Marshall of the ho••••e chief Capitayne of a wyng on the ryghte hand of oure vantgarde, and was encountryd with the Chamberlayne of Scotlande wyth hys battayle of sperys on foote, to the number of ten thousande at the least, whiche foughte valiauntly, so that they by force caused the litle wynge to flye, and thesame syr Ed∣monde thre tymes felled to the grounde, and left alone, sauynge hys standarde berar, and twoo of hys seruauntes, too whome came Ihon Heron bastarde sore hurte, saiynge there was neuer noble mans so••ne so lyke too be loste as you be thys daye, for all my hurtes▪ I shall here lyue and dye wyth you, and there thesayde syr Edmonde Ha∣warde was in a great daunger and ieopardy of hys lyfe, and hardelye escaped, and yet as he was goynge to the body of the Uantgard he met with Dauy Home, and s••ew hym hys awne hande, and so came to the Uantgard.

Secondely, Eastwarde from the sayde battayle was the lorde [ ij] Admyrall with the Uantgarde, with whome encountred the erles of Crafforde and Montroos, accompaigned with many lordes, knyghtes and gentelmen, all with sperys on foote, but the lorde Admyrall and hys compaignie acquyted them selfes so well▪ and that with pure figh∣ting, that they brought to ground a great number, and both the Erles slayne.

Thirdely, Eastwarde from the lorde Admyrall was the erle of [ iij] Surrey, Capitayne generall, to whose standarde the kynge of Scot∣tes in hys awne person marched, beynge accompaigned wyth many Bishoppes, Erles, Barons, knyghtes and Gentelmen of the Realme, with a great number of commons, all chosen men with speres on foote, which were the most assuredlyest harnesed that hath bene sene, and that the tallest and goodlyest personages with all, and they abode the most daungerous shot of arrowes, which sore them noyed, and yet except it hit them in some bare place it dyd them no nurt. After the shotte en∣dyd, the battayll was cruell, none spared other, and the kynge hym self fought valiauntly. O what a noble and triumphant courage was thys for a kyng to fyghte in a battayll as a meane souldier: But what auayled hys stronge harnes, the puyssaunce of hys myghtye champi∣ons wyth whome he descended the hyll, in whome he soo muche trusted that with hys stronge people and great number of men, he was able as he thought to haue vanquished that day the greatest prynce of the world, if he had ben there as the erle of Surrey was, or els he thought

to do such an hygh enterprice hym selfe in hys person, that should sur∣nount the enterprises of all other princes: but how soeuer it happened God gaue the stroke, and he was no more regarded then a poore soul∣dier, for all went one way. So that of his awne battaill none escaped, but syr William Scot knight his chauncelour, and syr Ihon forman knight, his seriaunt Porter, whiche were taken prisoners, and w^t great difficultie saued. This may be a great myrror to all prynces, how that they aduenter them selfes in such a battail.

Forthely, Eastward was syr Edward Stanley knight, capitayn of of the left wyng with the sayde erle, which clame vp to the toppe of the hyll called Bramston, or the Scottes wiste, and with him encontred the erles of Huntley, Lēnoux and Argile, with a great number of Scottes whiche were sore fought with all, whiche perceyuinge the erle of Hunt∣ley toke a horse and saued hym selfe, if he had taryed he had bene likely to haue go••e with his compaignie: such as fled, the sayde syr Edward and his people folowed the ouer thesame grounde, where the erles bat∣tell first ioyned, and founde ther the Scottes, whiche were by the erles battail slayne before, and sodainly left the chase and fell a spoyling, and spoyled the kyng of Scottes, and many that were slayne in his battail, but they knew him not, and found a Crosse and certayn thinges of his, by reason wherof some sayde that he was slayne by that wyng, whiche could not be true, for the prisoners of Scotlād testified that the kinges battaill fought onely with the erles battels, but for a truthe this wyng did very valiauntly: wherfore it was thought that the said syr Edward might that daye not haue bene missed.

All these .iiii. battels, in maner fought at one tyme, and were deter∣mined in effect, littell in distance of the beginnyng and endynge of any of them one before the other, sauyng that syr Edward Stanley, whiche was the last that fought, for he came vp to the toppe of the hyll, & there fought with the Scottes valiauntly, and chaced theim doune the hyll ouer that place, where the kynges battail ioyned. Besyde these .iiii. bat∣tayles of the Scottes were twoo other battayls, whiche neuer came to hande strokes.

Thus thorough the power of God on Friday, beyng the .ix. daye of Septēber, in the yere of our lord .M.D.xiij. was Iames the .iiii. kyng of Scottes slayn at Bramstone (chiefly by the power of y^• erle of Sur∣rey, lieutenaunt for kyng Henry the, viii. kyng of England, which then lay at the sege before Tornay) and with the sayde kyng were slayne.

• The Archebishop of saynct Androwes, the kynges bastard sonne.
• The bishop of the Iles.
• The Abbot of I••chaffrey.
• The Abbot of Kylwenny.

Erles.

• The erle Mountroos
• The erle of Crafford
• The erle of Arguyle.
• The erle of Lennoux.
• The erle of Glencarte.
• The erle of Katnes.
• The erle of Castelles.
• ...

• The erle of Bothwell.
• The erle Arrell Constable of Scotland.
• The erle Addill.
• The erle Athel.
• The erle Morton. (:)

Lordes.

• The lord Louet.
• The lord Forbos.
• The lord Elueston.
• The lord Roos
• The lord Inderby.
• The lord Sentelere.
• The lord Maxwell. and his .iiii. brethren.
• The lord Daunl••y
• The lord Seympyll.
• The lord Borthyck.
• The lord Bogony.
• The lord Arskyll.
• The lord Blakkater.
• The lord Cowyn.

Knyghtes and gentlemen.

• Sir Ihon Dowglasse.
• Cutbert Home lord of Fastcastell.
• Sir Alexander Seton.
• Sir Dauy Home.
• Master Ihon Graunt.
• Sir Dunkyn Caufelde.
• Sir Saunder Lowder.
• Sir George Lowder.
• Master Marshall.
• Master Keye.
• Master Ellot.
• Master Cawell clerck of the chauncery.
• The Deane of Ellester.
• Mack, Kene.
• Mack, Clen••,

and many other gentlemen, whiche be vnknowen, because no officer of armes of Scot∣land would come to make serche for theim: and yf the daie had bene lē∣ger by .iii. houres, (for it was .iiii. of the clock at after none or the battai∣les ioyned) or that the Englishmen had had vitayles, so that they myght haue bidden still together, they had not alonely made the greatest di∣stresse of Scottes by death and takyng, that the lyke hath not bene sene in one daye: but also within a litle while might haue put the realme of Scotland in suche a miserie, & troble, that for euer they should haue ben ware how to enter the realme of England, and specially the kyng, being absent: for the Englysh men wanted no good wyll, for of the Scottes they slew .xii.M. at the lest of the best gentlemen and flower of Scotlād and of the Englysh syde were slayne and taken not .xv.C. men, as it ap∣pered by the boke of wages whē the souldiours were paied. Thus ther∣le of Surrey accomplished the promise at his daye prefixed w^t the kyng of Scottes to his great fame and honour.

After that the feld was fought & the Scottes fledde, many Englysh∣men folowed them into Scotland, and were so farre that they wyst not whiche waye to returne and so were taken prisoners of the Scottes that were in the .ii. battayles that fled fyrste and neuer faught. Also dyuer∣se were taken by the lorde Chamberlayne of Scotlande whych fought with the wyng of Sir Edmond Haward, and were caried wyth hym to

the nomber of .lx. Of the Scottes that fled some passed ouer the water of Twede at Ca••destr••me foorde, and other by the dry marches, during the tyme of the fighte, and the nyght after many men lost there horses and suche stoffe as they left in ther tentes and pauilyons by the robbars of Tyndale and Ty••idale.

The lord D••cre with his companye stode styll all daye vnfoughten with all. When the feld was done and the skoute watch brought woord that ther was no more apperaunce of the Scottes, but all were retur∣ned. Thearle thanked God with humble harte, and called to hym cer∣tayne lordes and other gentlemen and them made knyghtes as syr Ed∣mond Haward his sonne and the Lorde Scrope, Syr Wylliam Per∣cy and many other. Then therle and the Lorde Admirall departed to Barmer wodde and appoyncted Sir Phylippe Tylney knyghte wyth the compaignye of the lorde Admirall and the compaignye of the Lorde Scrope of Bolton, the lorde Latymer, olde Sir Marmaduke Consta∣ble Sir Wyllyam Percy, Sir Nycholas Applyard, and their compa∣nyes, and a fewe other to kepe the place where the felde was for sauyng of the Englyshe ordynaunce, and the ordynaunce that was taken from the Scottes, whiche was .v. greate Curtalles, twoo greate Culueryn∣ges, foure Sacres, and syx Serpentynes as fayre ordynaunce as hath ben sene, bysyde other smalle peces. Well knowen it was by them that fought, and also reported by the prysoners of Scotlande, that theyr kynge was take•• or ••••ayne, but hys body was not founde tyll the nexte daye, bycause all the meane people aswell Scottes as Englyshe were strypped oute of theyr apparell as they laye on the felde, yet at the laste he was founde by the Lorde Dacres, who knewe hym well by hys pryuye tookens in that same place where the battayle of the Erle of Surrey and hys, fyrste ioyned together.

Thys kynge had dyuerse deadely woundes and in especiall one with an Arowe, and an another wyth a byll as apered when he was na∣ked. After that the bodye of the Kynge of Scottes was fownde and broughte too Barwycke, the Earle shewed yt too Syr Wyl∣lyam Scott hys Chaunceller, and Syr Ihon Forman hys seriante porter, whiche knewe hym at the fyrste sighte and made greate lamen∣tacyon. Then was the bodye bowelled, embawmed, and cered, and secretly amongest other stuffe conueyed to Newcastell, but thesame daye the Lorde Admyrall, came to the felde and ther some Scottes a∣pered on an hyl: but Wyllyam Blackenall whiche was the cheffe doa•• and ruler of all the ordynaunce shott suche a peale, that the Scottes fledd, or els the Lorde Admyrall had ben in greate ieopardye: and then all the ordynaunce was broughte in sauetye to the Castell of Cytell, and there remayned for a tyme. After thys noble vyctorye therle

wrote fyrste to the Quene whiche had raysed a greate power to resiste the sayde kynge of Scottes, of the wynnynge of the battayle, for then the bodye of the kynge of Scottes was not fownde, and she yet be∣ynge at the towne of Buckyngham had woorde the nexte daye after that the kynge of Scottes was slayne and a parte of hys coate ar∣mure to her sente, for whiche victorye she thanked GOD, and so the Earle after that the Northe parte was sett in a quietnes, returned to the Queene with the deade body of the Scottyshe kyng and broughte it to Richemond.

Nowe lett vs returne too the kynge of Englande lyenge before Tournaye whyche the .xxv. daye of September receyued the gaun∣telett and letters of the Earle of Surrey, and knewe all the dealynge of bothe parties. Then he thanked GOD and highly praysed the Earle and the Lorde Admyrall and his sonne, and all he gentlemen and commons that were at that valiante entrepryce: Nowebeit, the kynge had a secrete letter that the Cheshyre men fledde from Syr Ed∣mond Hawarde, whyche letter caused greate harte burnynge and many woordes, but the kyng thankefully accepted al thynge, and woulde no man to be dispraysed. So, on the Mondaye at nyght the .xxvi. daye of September, the Lorde Harbarte and the Earle of Shrewsburye made greate fyers in there armyes in token of vyctorye and triumph: and on Teusdaye the .xxvii. daye, the tente of cloth of gold was sett vp, and the kynges Chapell sange masse, and after that Te D••um, and then the Byshoppe of Rochester made a Sermond and shewed the deathe of the kynge of Scottes and muche lamented the yll deathe and periurye of hym.

The kynge of Englande lyenge thus before Tournay, caused hys greate ordynaunce too bee planted rounde aboute the Cytee, and dy∣uerse trenches were cast and rampiers made and the Lorde Lysle, and the Lorde Wyloghby were appoyncted to mayntayne the ordynaun∣ce, wyth ther bendes, and therle of Kent was lodged before the gate cal∣led port Ualencyen, so that the Cytizens coulde not issue out, nor no ayde coulde come in. The ordynaunce dayly bett the gates, towers, and walles, whiche made a greate batterie: and a fewe Englyshmen assaul∣ted the port coquerell, but they were to few in nomber, and yf they had ben more in nomber, they had taken the towne as the tournosyns con∣fessed after. The Cytyzens of Tournay consyderynge their estate, came together to counsayll, and there the Prouost sayde, frendes and bretherne of thys noble Cytee, I cannot to muche prayse youre treuth and fidelite to youre souereigne Lorde the kynge of Fraunce considerynge howe manfully you haue defended this Cytee sythe the beginnynge of this siege, but alas allthough it be wrytten on the gates grauen in sto••••e Iammes ton ne a perdeu ton pucellage, that is to saye thou haste neuer lost thy maydenhed: yet yf thys Cytee had not ben

well furnyshed and euer at the daie appoyncted suer of reskeue, it coulde not haue contynued: nowe you se that reskeue fayleth, our gates be ra∣sed, our towers betyn downe, our chiefe towar lyke to fall, so that yf thys perilous siege contynue, or els yf our ennenies assaute vs, we be not able to defende vs: wherfore nowe, all these thynges consydered, I woulde knowe whyther you wyll treate wyth the kyng of Englande or adyde the chaunce. Then they whiche at the last counsayll cryed warre, warre, nowe cryed peace, peace, yet all were not agreed: then one wyse∣man sayde, Sirs yf the towne be assawted once agayne with a greate nomber, suerly it will be taken: you sawe thexperience at the last as••aute, and then consider yf it be taken by force who is there that can saye he is 〈◊〉〈◊〉 of his life: But by entretie, the kynge of Englande is so mercyfull that wee maye fortune to saue bothe lyfe and goodes. Then fynally all agreed to treate. Then the Prouost sente to the kyng a trompett desyerynge a saufeconduyte for hym, and certayne other to come and to speke wyth hym, whyche request was to hym graunted. Then the Prouost of the cytee accompanyed wyth eleuen wyth hym of the best of the cytee, came to the armye and spake with the lordes of the counsail and after were broughte to the kynges presence, the Prouost kneled downe and all his compaignye and sayde: Ryght highe and myghtye Prynce although the Cytee of Tournay is stronge, well walled, well replenyshed wyth people, vytayles, artylerie, ye and the people in feare and dread of nothynge, yet we knowe that agaynste your greate puyssaunce yt can not contynue long, although yt were ten tymes as stronge, as it is, wherefore wee knowynge by reporte, your honoure, your wysedome, your iustyce, and noble harte, are contente to become your subiectes and vassalles, so that we maye haue and enioye oure olde lawes, customes, lyberties, and Franchesses, vnder you as we haue before thys done vnder other Prynces. Then the kynge aunswe∣red, we haue well harde your petycyon, we wyll common wyth oure counsayll and make you aunswere, and when he had communed wyth his counsayll, he aunswered sayenge: Sirs he that asketh mercye of vs shall not be denyed, seynge you come to treate, we remytte you to oure counsayll. Then they wente into the tente of counsayll, and there the Tournasyns fell at a poyncte, and in conclusion, they yelded the Cytee and ten thowsande pound sterlynge for the redempcyon of theyr ly∣bertyes, and so departed to the cytee, makynge relacion of the kynge and hys noble corage. On Thursdaye the .xxix. daye of September, the kynge was in hys ryche tente of cloth of golde vnder hys clothe of estate, to whome came the Cytezens of the Cytee and were sworne to hym and became his subiectes. Then the kynge appoyncted the lorde Lysle, the Lorde of Burgayny the Lorde Wylloghby to take posses∣sion, whiche with six thowsand men entered the Cytee and toke the mar∣kett place and the walles, and serched the howses for feare of treason

and then master Thomas Wolsey the kings almoner called before him all the citizens young and old and sware them to the kyng of England, the nōber whereof was .iiii. skore thousand. Thus the kyng of England by conquest came to the possession of the cytee of Tournay: on Sondaie the .ii. daye of October the kyng entered the cytee of Tournay at porte Fountayne, and .iiii. of the chiefe of the cytee ouer hym bare a cannapye with all the armes of England, euery person was in his best apparell, y^• Ladyes and gentlewomen lay in the wyndowes beholdynge the kynge and his nobilite, euery citizen had in his hande a stafe torche, the kynge hym selfe was rychely appereilled in ryche armure on a barded courser, his henxmē beryng his peces of warr, as axe, spere and other, there cour∣sers were barded with tharmes of England, Fraunce, Ireland, & other the kynges dominions all of ryche embraudery, thus the kyng with hys nobilite all richely apparelled with his swerde borne before hym, his he∣rauldes and seriantes of armes with trumpettes and mynstralsy ente∣red the cytee and came to our ladye churche, and ther te deum was song. Then the kyng called to his presence, Edwarde Guldeforde, Wylliam Fitzwilliam, Ihon Dauncye, William Tiler, I hon Sharpe, William Huse, Ihon Sauage, Cristopher Garnyshe, and diuerse other valiaunt esquyers and gaue to them the order of knyghthode, and then went to his lodgynge, & after none he came to the market place, where was pre∣pared for hym a place: then he caus••d a proclamacion to be made in hys name kyng of England and of Fraunce that no man shoulde greue the citizens, duryng which proclamacion the turnesyns scace loked vp, nor shewed o••s to hym anny amiable countenaunce which was much mar∣ked, the Cry ••myshed, the kyng departed to his campe leuynge the cytee in saue kepyng. This weke the kyng rode to see the castel of Morton, & ther his grace toke greate pleasure. The kyng remembrynge the greate chere that the prynce of castell and the lady Margarete had made hym at Lysle which was but .xii. mile English from Tornay, desyred thesayd prynce and lady with diuerse other to come to hym to his cytee of Tor∣nay and made preparacion for thesame, and appoincted a iustes wherof he hym selfe woulde be one, and caused a Tilt to be made in the market place. While these thynges were preparyng, the kyng and his counsaill ordered for the suer kepyng of the cytee of Tornay, and there ordeyned Sir Edward Pownynges knyght of the order of the gartier to be hys Lieutenaunt with .iiii.C. archers, with capytaynes horsemen and artile∣rie conuenient, and to haue ayde of Henawde and other the kyngs frin∣des adioynyng, and of his garde he left there .iiii.C. archers, & ordinaū∣ce was appoyncted for the defence of thesame. Mondaye the .xi. daye of October the kyng without the towne receyued the prynce of castel, the lady Margarete and dyuerse other nobles of their countreys and them brought into Tornay with greate triumphe. The Noys went that the lord Lysle made request of mariage to the ladye Margarete duches of Sauoy and doughter to Themperour Maximilian, whiche before that

tyme was departed from the kyng with many riche giftes and money borowed, but whether he profered mariage or not she fauored him high∣ly: there the prynce and duches soiorned with great solace by the space of .x. ••ayes.* 3.4 Duryng whiche tyme, the .xvii. daye of October, began the ius••es, the kyng and the lorde Lysle aunswered all commers: vppon the kyng attended .xxiiii. knyghtes on foote in coates of purple veluet and clothe of gold. A tent of cloth of gold was sett in the place for the armo∣rie and releue, the kyng had a base and a trapper of purple veluet bothe sett full of. S. S. of fyne bulliō and the lord Lisle in thesame suyte, ther were many speres broken and many a good buffet geuen, the strangers as the lord Walon and lorde Emery and other dyd right well. When y^• iustes wer done, the kyng and al the other vnhelmed them & rode about the Tylt and dyd great reuerence to the ladies, and then the herauldes cryed to lodgyng.

This night the king made a sumpteous banket of a .C. dishes to the prince of Castell and the lady Margarete & to all other lordes & ladies, and after the banket, the ladies daunsed, and then came in the kyng & a xi. in a maske, all richely appareled w^t bonettes of gold, & when they had passed the time at their pleasure, the garmentes of the maske were cast of amongest the ladies take who could take.

The .xx. daye of October, the Prynce of Castell and the lady Mar∣garete with many great giftes to them geuen returned to Lyle with all their trayne, After that the kyng was enformed that all direccions were taken and euery thyng put in an order for the suer kepyng of the citee of Tornay, he tooke thesame to sir Edward Pownynges knight which va¦liantly kept it in good order and iustice.

The kyng & his counsayll before this had consydered that the Frēch∣men woulde geue them no battayle, & that wynter aproched, which was no time to ly at siege of other townes, concluded to kepe Tournay saue∣ly, and to breake vp his campe for that winter, and to begyn agayn war in the spryng of the yere: this was a full conclusion taken by the kynge and his counsayl, and so the kynge and all his people (excepte suche as were appoyncted to be with syr Edward Pownynges) departed out of Tournay the .xx. daye of September: and the kyng and the noble men made suche spede, that shortely they came to Caleys, and thyther came the Lorde Admyrall whome the kynge hartely thanked of his paynes and there euery man was paied of his wages and conduyte money, and shippes prepared for the passage, and so the .xxiiii. daye of Septēber the kyng with a priuy cōpany toke shippe & thesame daye landed at Douer and shortely after all his people folowed, then he with a small company rode to Rychemonde in post to the quene, where was suche a louing me∣tyng that euery creature reioysed. This season began a greate mortalite in London and other places where muche people dyed: All thys wynter the kynges nauy kept the sees and robbed and spoyled the Frenchemen on theyr costes.

When the kynge was thus returned he forgatt not the good seruyce that many a gentleman dyd at the battayle of Bramston, wherefore he wrote to them his louing letters with such thankes and fauorable wor∣des that euery man thought hym selfe well rewarded. And on the daye of the purificacion of our lady at Lambeth the kynge created the Earle of Surrey duke of Norffolke with an augmentacion of the armes of Scotlande, and Sir Charles Brandon Uiconte Lisle, he created duke of Suffolke, and the Lorde Haward high Admirall he created Earle of Surrey, and Sir Charles Somersett Lorde Harbert, hys chiefe Chamberlayne, he created Earle of Worcester: and after that at a no∣ther daye he made Sir Edwarde Stanley for his good seruice, lorde Montaygle, and in marche folowyng was master Thomas Wolsey the kynges almoner consecrate bisshop of Lyncolne, which ther to was na∣med on Newers daye before: This man was borne at Ypswyche and was a good Philosopher, very eloquente and full of witte, but for pryde, couetous, and ambicion, he excelled all other as you shall here after.

In the tyme of kynge Henrye the seuenth father to kynge Henrye the eyght it was concluded betwene the sayde kynge,* 3.5 and kynge Phy∣lyppe of Castell sonne to Maxymilian Themperour and kynge of Ca∣stell and his wyfe, that Charles hys eldeste sonne shoulde marye the Lady Mary doughter to the kynge of Englande with a dowrye to her appoyncted, at whyche tyme they were bothe younge: Nowe at the kynges retourne from Tournay he made preparacyon too sende the∣sayde Ladye hys syster to the Prynce of Castell. But the counsayll of Flaunders aunswered that concernynge her selfe they woulde gladly receyue to bee espowsed too there Prynce, for she was then on of the fayrest Ladyes of the worlde: but as concernynge the articles of her dowar, they coulde not fulfyll without thassente of the kynge of Arra∣gon and the realme of Castell (whyche as was sayde, mynded to haue hym maryed in Spayne.) The kynge lyke a louynge broother woulde not sende hys syster wyldely wythoute a dowar assured, too∣ke the fyrste agremente betwene the kynge her father and kynge Phy∣lyppe hys father too bee of none effecte, syth the Spanyardes woulde not conferme the same, and ther cause was, by reason that kynge Phylyppe was not naturally borne too be there kynge, but was kynge in the ryghte of his wyfe, and so they were not bounde too hys agreementes made withoute their consente. So thus the kynge of En∣glande reteyned still hys syster and all the preparacion that he had done for her conueyaunce, whyche was verye costely.

This season the lady Margarete quene of Scottes late wife to king Iames the .iiii. slayne at Bramston, and syster to the kyng, wrote to the kynge to haue compassion of her and his two Nephewes her sonnes, for she was in feare left he woulde haue inuaded her realme. The kyng moued with brotherly cōpassion, sent her word, that yf the Scottes kept

peace he woulde kepe peace, yf thei would haue warr he would likewise haue warr & so with that aunswere the messenger departed. In the sprīg tyme of the yere the kyng wrote hys letters to all noble men and gentil∣men that he woulde shortely passe agayn into Fraunce in his awne per∣son, wherfore euery mā prepared him self mete for that iournay: the Flē∣mynges heryng therof, made puruiaunce for wagans, vitaile and other thynges which torned them to great losse for that viage brake of as you shall here.

All this season Sir Richard Whethill and syr Ihon Tremayle kept so Thenglishe pale that the Frenchemen durst not medyl, and yet they spoyled to base bollen.

Before this time the townes aboute London as Islyngton, Hoxston, Shordysh and other, had so enclosed the common feldes with hedges & diches, that nother the young men of the cytee might shote, nor the aun∣cient persones might walke for ther pleasure in the feldes, excepte either ther bowes and arowes were broken or taken a waye, or the honest and sustanciall persons arrested or indited, saieng that no Londoner should goo out of the cytee but in the high wayes. This sayeng sore greued the Londoners, and sodainly this yere a great nomber of the citee assembled them selfes in a mornynge, and a turnar in a fooles cotte came cryenge through the cytee, shouels and spades, and so many people folowed that it was wonder, and within a short space all the hedges aboute the tow∣nes were cast downe, and the diches filled, and euery thinge made playn the woorkemen were so diligent. The kynges counsayll heryng of this assembly came to the Gray Frears, and sent for the mayre and the coun∣sayll of the cytee to knowe the cause, whiche de••lared to them the noy∣saunce done to the Citezens, and ther commodytees and liberties taken from them, though they would not yet the commonaltie and young per∣sons which were dampnified by the noysaūce would pluck vp & remedy the same. And when the kynges counsayl had harde the answer, thei dis∣simuled the matter, & commaunded the mayer to see that no other thyng were attempted, and to call home the citezens, which when thei had done ther entreprice, came home before the kynges counsayll and the Mayer departed without any more harme doyng, and so after, the feldes were neuer hedged.

¶The .vi yere.

IN the moneth of Maye the kynge and the newe Duke of Suffolke were defenders at the Tilt against al commers, the kynge was in a scopelary mantel, and hatt of clothe of syluer and lyke a whyte armite, and the duke appareilled lyke a black armible all of blacke veluet both ther berdes were of Damaske syluer, and when they had ridden about the Tylt and shewed them selfes to the quene, then thei threwe of ther apparell & sent it to the ladies for a larges, then was the kyng in black, and the Duke

in white with black staues, on the staues was written with white letters vvho can hold that vvyl avvay: this poyse was iudged to be made for the duke of Suffolke and the duches of Sauoy, at these iustes were the duke of Longeuyle and the lord Cleremond, and ther the kyng and the duke dyd so valiantely that they obteyned the price, at these iustes were broken .C.xiiii. speres in a short season.

The kyng at this season sent agayne into Flaunders for the perfor∣maunce of the mariage of the young prynce of castell and the fayre lady Mary his syster, and shewed how he had prepared all thinges necessary and conuenient for suche an high estate. The counsayll of Flaunders aunswered that they woulde not receyue her that yere, with many subtyl argumentes, by reason wherof the perfite loue betwene England and y^• low countreys was much slaked.

The .xix. daye of May was receyued into London a Capp of mayn∣tenaunce* 3.6 and a swerde sent from Pope Iuly, with a great compaignye of nobles and gentlemen, which was presented to the kyng on the Son∣day then next ensuyng with great solempnytie in the Cathedrall church of sainct Paul. About this time, the warres yet contynewynge betwene England and Fraunce, prior Ihon (of whome you haue harde before in the .iiii. yere) great capitayne of the Frenche nauy, with his Galeys and Foystes charged with great dasylyskes and other greate artilery came on the border of Sussex and came a land in the nyght at a poore villa∣ge in Sussex called bright Helmston and or the watch coulde him escrye he sett fyer on the towne and toke suche poore goodes as he, founde: then the watche fyred the bekyns and people began togather, whiche seynge prior Ihon Sowned his trompett to call his men aborde, and by that tyme it was day: then .vi. archers whiche kept the watche folowed prior Ihon to the sea and shott so fast, that thei bett the galymē from the shore and prior Ihon hym selfe waded to his foyst, and Thenglishemen went into the water after, but they were put back with pickes or els they had entered the foyst, but they shott so fast, that thei woūded many in y^• foyst and prior Ihon was shott in the face with an Arrow, and was likely to haue dyed, and therfore he offered his image of wax before our lady at Bolleyn with the Englysh arrow in the face for a myracle.

When the lorde Admirall of England had hard these newes he was not contente and sent Sir Ihon Wallopp to the sea incontinente with diuerse English shippes, whiche sayled to the cost of Normandy & ther landed and brent .xxi. villages and townes with great slaughter of peo∣ple, and brēt shippes and boates in the hauens of Treaport, stapils and in euery place. This sir Ihon Wallopp quyt hym self so, that men mar∣ueled of his entreprises, consyderyng he had at the most but .viii.C. men and toke land ther so often.

In the moneth of Iune the lord Powntremy that was capitayne of Tyrwyn with banner displayed and great ordinaunce, with a great ar∣my came into Pycardy nere to Arde. Sir Nycholas Uaux capitayne of

Guysnes cōsyderyng that y^e Frenchmen had such ordinaunce thought y^e they woulde haue beseged Guysnes, and wrote therof to the kyng which incontinente prouided a greate armye for the reskewe. And when euery thyng was redy and the army forward, the lord Pountremy reysed hys campe and departed without many more doyng, but for al that y^• kyng sent ouer sir Thomas Louell knyght with .vi.C. men to Caleys for the more strength of that towne and other townes and castelles beyng w^t in the English pale and the marches there.

The Frenche kyng this yere appoyncted to Richard dela Pole tray∣tor of England and danyshed the realme .xii.M. lanceknyghtes to kepe Normandie, and also to entre into England and to conquere thesame, where they made suche a Ryott that many of them were slayn & he was fayn to carye them to sente Malos in Britaigne to take shippe: for the Frenchmen woulde fayne haue bene rydde of them thei cared not how, there condicions were so vyle and shamefull, but by the reason that the French kyng suyd for peace, this iornay toke no effect.

The French kyng by an heraulde wrote to the king of England, that he marueled greatly why he made hym so sore warr, and brent and toke his townes, slew and robbed his people with oute any cause geuen on his parte, wherfore he requyred the kyng to graunt saufconduyte to his ambassadours, whiche shoulde entreate the cause: whereupon in Iune y^• French king sent a commission with the president of Roan and the gene∣rall boyer and certayne other nobles of Fraunce to entreate peace and allyaunce betwene bothe the prynces: & farther by cause that thei knewe that the mariage was broken betwene the prynce of castell and the lady Mary (as you haue hard) they desyered thesayde lady to be espowsed to the French kyng, affirmyng a greate dower and suertes for the same, w^t greate treasures: so much was offered that the kyng moued by his coū∣sayl, and specially by the Bishop of Lyncolne Wolsey, consented, vpon condicion that yf thesayde French kyng Loys dyed, then she should if it pleased her retorne into England agayn with all her dowar and riches: after suche entretie, the indentures were sealed and the peace proclamed the .vii. daye of August and the kyng in presence of the French Ambassa¦dours sworne to kepe thesame, & likewise ther was sente an Ambassade¦ou•• of England to see the French kyng swere thesame.

The Dutchmen heryng these newes were sory, and repēted them that thei receyued not the lady, and spake shamefully of this mariage, that a feble old & pocky man should mary so fayre a lady, but the voys of peo∣ple lett not princes purposes.

By the conclusion of this peace was the Duke of Longuyle & other prysoners delyuered, payeng ther Raunson, and thesaid duke affied the lady Mary in the name of kyng Lewes his mayster. This Duke was highly interteyned in England of many noble men and had great chere, but when thei came into Fraunce with the quene he would scace knowe them. Then when all thinges were redy for the conueyaunce of this no∣ble

Ladye, the kyng her brother in the moneth of September wyth the quene hys wyfe and hys sayde syster and all the court came to Douer and there taryed, for the wynde was troblous and the wether fowle, in so muche that a shipp of th•• kynges called the libeck of .ix.C. tonne was dryuen a shore before Sanga••e and there brast & of .vi.C. men s••antely escaped .iii.C. and yet the most parte of them were hurt with the wrecke. When the wether was fayre then all her wardrobe, stable, and ryches was shypped, and suche as were appoyncted to geue their attendaunce on her, as the duke of Norfolke, the Marques Dorsett, the Bysshop of Durham, the Earle of Surrey, the lorde Delawar, the lorde Barnes, the lord Mantaigle, the Marques .iiii. brother, sir Morice Barkeley, sir Ihon Peche, sir William Sandes, sir Thomas Bulleyn, sir Ihō Cart and many other knightes▪ Squyers, gētlemen & ladies▪ al these went to ship and thesayde lady toke her leaue of the quene in the castell of Do∣uer and the kyng brought her to the sea, syde and killed her and betoke her to GOD and the fortune of the see, and to the gouernaunce of the Frenche kyng her husband. Thus the .ii. daye of October at the hower of foure of the clocke in the morenynge thys fayre ladye tooke her ship with all her noble compaignie: and when they had ••ayled a quarter of the see, the wynde rose and seuered some of the shyppes to Caleys, and some in Flaunders and her shippe with greate difficultie was brought to Bulleyn, and with great ieopardy at the entryng of the hauen for the master ran the ship hard on shore, but the botes were redy and receyued this noble lady▪ and at the landyng Sir Christopher Garnyshe stode in the water and toke her in his armes, and so caryed her to land, where the Duke of Uandosme and a Cardynall with many estates receyued her, and her ladyes, and welcommed all the noble men into that countrey and so the Quene and all her trayne came to Bulleyn, and ther rested, and from thense she remoued by dyuerse lodgynges tyll she came all most wythin.iii. myle of Abuyle besyde the forrest of Arders, and ther kynge Loyes vppon a great co••••set mett with her, and she would haue alyghted but he woulde not suffer her, and welcommed her to hys coun∣trey, and when he had sene her beauty (which he so long desyred) and tal∣ked w^t her a litle space, then he returned to Abuyle by a secret waye, & she was w^t great triūphe, procession & pagiantes receyued into the toune of Abuyle the .viii. daye of October by the Dolphin▪ which receyued her w^t great honor, she was appareilled in cloth of siluer, her horse was trapped in goldsmythes woorke very rychly. After her folowed .xxxvi. ladies, al ther pal••reys trapped with crymsyn vel••et, embraudered: after them folowed one charyott of clothe of tyssue, the seconde clothe of golde and the thyrde Crymsyn veluet embrawdered with the kyngs armes & hers, full of roses. After them folowed a greate nomber of archers, and then wagons laden w^t the••r stuf. Great was the riches in plate▪ iuels, money, apparel, and hangynges that this lady brought into Fraūce. The Mō∣day beyng the daye of Saincte Denyse, thesame kynge Lewes maried

the lady Mary in the great church of Abuyle, bothe appareled in golde∣smyths woorke. After the masse was done, ther was a great banket and fest and the ladyes of Englande hyghly entreteyned.

The Tewesdaye beyng the .x. daye of October all Thenglishmen excepte a fewe that were officers with thesayde quene, were discharged whiche was a greate sorowe for theim, for some had serued her longe in hope of prefermente, and some that had honest romes lefte them to serue her, & nowe they were with out seruice, which caused thē to take thought in so muche some dyed by the way returnyng, and sone fell mad, but ther was no remedy. After the English lordes had done there commission the Frēch kyng wylled thē to take no lenger payne, & so gaue to them good rewardes and they toke ther leaue of the quene and returned. Then the Dolphyn of Fraunce called lord Frauncys duke of Ualoys, and by hys wyfe duke of Brytaigne for the more honoure of this mariage, be∣fore Thenglishmen departed from Abuyle, caused a solempne iustes to be proclaymed which shoulde be kept at Paris in the moneth of Nouē∣ber next ensuyng, and that he with his .ix. aydes shoulde aunswere, al commers beynge gentlemen of name and of armes, Fyrste to ronne .v. courses at the Tylt with peces of auantage, and also .v. courses at Randon with sharpe speres, and twelfe strokes with sharpe swordes, and that done, he and his aydes to ••ight at the barriers with al gentle∣men of name and of armes. Fyrste syx foynes with hand speres, and af∣ter that eyght strokes to the most auantage yf the spere so long held, and after that twelfe strokes with the swerde, and yf any man be vnhorsed or be felled wyth fyghtynge on foote, then hys horse and armoure to be rendered to the officers of armes, and euery man of this chalenge muste sett vp hys armes and name vpon an arche triumphante, whiche shalbe made at the place where the iustes shalbe, and farther shall wryte too what poynct he wyll aunswere to one or to al. When this proclamacion was reported in Englande by the noble men that returned from the mariage: the Duke of Suffolke the Marques Dorsett and his foure brethrene, the Lorde Clynton, Sir Edward Neuel, Sir Gyles Capell, Thomas Cheney and other sued to the kynge to be at the chalenge, whi∣che request, he graciously graunted. Then the Lordes and knyghtes prepared all thynge necessarye for there entreprice, and shypped there horses and harnesse, and dyd so muche by iournay, that they came to Parys, at the ende of the moneth of October, whiche were hartely wel∣comed of the kyng and the Dolphyn: but most of all, of the Frēch quene which then lay at sainct Denyse, and was not yet crowned nor entred in to Paris.

The Dolphyn desyred the duke of Suffolke and the lord Marques Dorsett, whose actiuite he knewe wel by reporte, to be two of his imme∣diat aides, which therto assented. Therfore was erected an Arche of wid∣nes at the tournelles besyde the strete on sainct Anthony, directly before y^e Bastel, on the which were sett .iiii. targettes or scutchiōs, the one siluer

and he that sett his name vnder that shylde, runne at the Tylt accor∣dyng to y^• articles: he that put his name vnder the golden target should ronne with the sharpe speres and fight with sharpe swerdes••: they that put ther names to the black shilde, should fight a foote with speres and swerdes for the one hand. And he that touched the tawney sheld shoulde cast a spere on foot with a targett on his arme, & after to fight with a .ii. hand swerde: on this arche aboue stode y^• armes of the kyng & the quene, and benethe them stode the armes of the Dolphyn & his aydes, & vnder¦nethe stode the .iiii. scochions that you haue harde of, and vnder them al the armes and names of suche as set ther names to any of thesayde .iiii. scochions. While all these thynges were preparynge, the lady Mary of England the .v. daye of Nouember then beyng Sondaye, was w^t great solempnitee crowned Quene of Fraunce in the monasterye of Sayncte Denyce, and the Dolphyn al the season held the croune ouer her hed, be∣cause it was of greate waight to her greuaunce, at whiche coronacyon were the lordes of England, and accordynge to ther degrees wel enter∣teyned.

Mondaye the .vi. daye of Nouember thesayde Quene was recey∣ued into the cytee of Parys after the order that foloweth. First the gar∣de of the Cytee met with her with oute Sayncte Denyce all in coates of goldesmythes woorke with shippes gylt, and after them mett her all the prestes and relygious whiche were estemed to be .iii.M. The quene was in a chyre couered about (but not ouer her person) in white cloth of golde, the horses that drewe it couered in cloth of golde, on her hed a co∣ronall all of greate perles, her necke and brest full of Iuels, before her wente a garde of Almaynes after ther fascion, and after them al noble∣men, as the Dolphyn, the Duke of Alanson, the Duke of Burbon, the Duke of Uandosme, the Duke of Longeuyle, and the Duke of Suf∣folke, the Marques Dorsett .v. Cardynalles and a greate nomber of estates, aboute her person rode the kynges garde whiche were Scottes. Thus was this quene receyued into Paris and so cōueyed to the cathe∣dral churche and ther offered, and from thence to the pallayce where she offered at the holy Chapel, and from thence she went to her lodgyng for that nyght, for whome was prouided a great supper and the herauldes cryed a larges and had to them geuen a ship of siluer and gylt, and other pla••e to the valewe of .ii.C. marke, and after supper began daūsyng and pastyme. On the morowe begā the iustes, and the Dolphin w^t his aydes entered the feld, the apparell & bardes were cloth of golde cloth of syluer and crymsyn veluet kanteled together all in one sute, they shewed them selfs before the kyng & quene who were in a goodly stage, and the quene stode so that all men might see her and wondered at her beautie, and the kyng was feble and lay on a couche for weakenes. Then entered y^• coū∣ter parte by a rayle for combryng the place. These iustes contynued .iii. dayes, in the whiche were aunswered .iii. hundred and .v. men of armes and euery man ran .v. courses, and with sharpe speres, dyuerse were

slayne and not spoken of: the English lordes and knyghtes dyd as well as the best of any the other. At the Randon and Tournay the Duke of Suffolke hurt a gentleman that he was like to dye, the Marques strok Mounsire Grew an Albanoys with his spere and per••ed his hed pece & put hym in ieopardy: the duke of Suffolke in the tornay ouerthrewe a man of armes horse and man, and so dyd the lorde Marques another, and yet the Frenchmen woulde in no wyse prayse them. At this tornay the Dolphyn was hurt in the hande, so that he coulde not performe hys chalenge at the barriers and put one of his ayde in his rome, the nexte daye after began the fight at the barriers and because the Dolphin was not present, the duke of Suffolke and the lorde Marques Dorsett that daye began the feld, and toke the barriers with speres in hand abydyng all commers. The Dolphyn brought a mā secretly, which in al the court of Fraunce was the tallest and the strongest man, & he was an Almayne and put him in the place of an other person to haue had y^• duke of Suf∣folke rebuked. The same great Almayne came to the barres fyersly with face hyd, because he would not be knowne, and bare hys spere to the du∣ke of Suffolke with all his strength, and the duke him receiued, and for all his strength put hym by strong strokes from the barriers, and with the but ende of the spere strake the Almaine that he staggared, but for al that the Almayne strake strōgly and hardly at the duke, and the iudges suffered many mo strokes to be foughten then were appoincted, but whē they saw the Almayne rele & staggar, then they let fall the rayle betwene them. The lorde Marques Dorsett at thesame time, euen at the same barre fought with a gentleman of Fraunce that he lost his spere, and in maner with drewe: When the rayle was let fal, these two noble men put vp their vysers & toke ayer, & then they tooke swerdes with poynct & ed∣ges abated, and came to the barriers, and y^• Almayne foughte sore with the duke, which imagened that he was a person sett on for the nonce but y^• duke by pure strength tooke hym about the necke, and pomeled so a∣boute the hed that the bloud yssued out of hys nose, & then they were de∣parted, and the Almayne was conueyed by the Dolphyn le••t he should be knowen. These twoo noble men of Englande that daye fought va∣liantly diuerse feates, and the Frenchmen likewise nobly them defended but it happened the lord Marques one time to put for his aide his yoū∣gest brother called the Lorde Edward Grey of the age of .xix. yere, and to hym was put a gentleman of Fraunce of greate stature and strength to thentente to plucke hym ouer the barres, but yet the younge Lorde was of suche strength, powre and pollecy, that he so stroke his aduersa∣rie that he disarmed hym, al the face bare. Thus was these entrepryces fynished to the loude of al parties, and Thenglyshmen receyued muche honoure and no spott of rebuke, yet they were priuely sett at and in ma∣ny ieopardies: for the declaracion of this triumphe, he that sawe it can tell howe goodly the coursers trotted boūded and quickly turned: How valiantely the men of armes behaued them selfes and howe the Duke

of Burbones bende was apparelled and bassed in tawny veluet, and clothe of syluer clowdy, the bende of therle of Sayncte Polle apparel∣led and barded in purple veluet all to cutt on purple satten, the en∣fante of Arragon sonne to Frederycke last kynge of Naples, and hys bende al in clothe of golde and syluer paled. This lord was but young but was very towarde. The Duke of Uandosme and his bende in clothe of golde, and pluncket veluet. The Dolphyn and hys ay∣des were euery daye newe apparelled at hys coste, one daye in syluer and golde, a nother in Crymesyn veluet and yelowe veluet, and another daye in white veluet and grene, some daye myxted with satyn, some daie embrawdered, some daye pounced with golde, and so euery daye in chaunge as the woorkers fantasye coulde deuyse, but the Englishemen had euer on their apparell red crosses to be knowen for loue of ther coū∣tre: at thys triumphe the countie Galeas came into the place on a Ie∣nett trapped in blewe satten and he hym selfe lykewyse apparelled and can a corse with a spere, whiche was at the hed .v. ynches on euery syde square, that is .xx. ynches about, and at the bur .ix. ynches square, that is xxxvi. ynches, this spere was massy tymber & yet for al that he rā cleane with it a long course and slightely auoyded it to hys great honour.

Also ther was another gentleman called Anthony Bownarme which came into the feld all armed, and on his body brought in sight .x. speres that is to wyt .iii. speres set in euery styroppe forward, and vnder euery thygh .ii. speres vpwarde, and vnder his lefte arme was on spere backe∣ward, and the .x. in his hand, and when he came before the Quene he let hys horse ronne and neuer stopped tyll he had taken euery spere after other and broken it on the grounde, and he neuer stopped his horse tyll all were broken, this gentleman was highely praysed and so he was worthy: when all this great triumphe was done, the lordes of England toke ther leue and were highly thanked of the kynge, quene, Dolphyn, and all the lords, and so departed and came into England before Chri∣stmas. In Nouember the quene was delyuered of a prynce which lyued not long after.

This yere in December ther was one Rychard Hun a marchāt tayl∣lor of London in Lollers tower by the commaundement of the Byshop of London,* 3.7 called Rychard Fytziames & doctoure Horsey his chaunce∣ler, whiche was a man more of witt to preferre the Byshoppes iurysdi∣cion and the clergie, then the truth of the Gospell▪ but so it was that the sayde Hun was fonnd dead hāgyng by y^e neck in a gyrdle of silke, win y^• sayd towre. The begīnyng of this matter must be shewed for y^• folowīg of y^• cōsequēt: for this Hū had a chyld y^t dyed in his house beyng an in∣fant, the Curate clamed y^• beryng shete for a mortuary. Hun answered y^• the infant had no propertie in the shete, whervpon the priest ascited him in the spirituall courte, he takynge to hym good counsayll, sued the Cu∣rate in a preminire, and when the prestes hard of this, they dyd so much of malice that they accused him of heresy, and brought him to the lollers

tower and ther was founde deed as you haue hard.

This man was counted of honest reputacion, no man to the sight of people more vertuous, wherfore vpon this matter a greate matter folo∣wed, for the Byshoppe and his Chaunceller doctour Horsey sayde that he hanged hym selfe, and all the temporaltie sayde that he was murthe∣red, and there vpon .xii. men were charged before the Coronour whyche xii. were elected by greate dyscrecion, and many tymes they were wyth the kynges counsayll and hard their opynions, but in the meane season the Bysshop of London brent the dead Carcasse of thesayde Rycharde Hun in smythfeld, to the abhominacion of the people: but after that the matter had ben hard by the iudges, and after by the kynges counsayll his grace beyng present and heryng the cause openly debated and much borne by the spiritualtie, yet at the last he remitted yt to the tryall of the lawe▪ and so vpon good euidence doctour Horsey the Chaunceller and Belrynger with Charles Ioseph the somner, were endyted of the mur∣ther: but afterward by the meanes of the spiritualty & money, Doctour Horsey caused the kynges attorney to confesse on hys arraynement hym not to be gylty, and so he escaped and wēt to exetre, and for very shame durst neuer come after to London. But yet for a further truthe to be de∣clared in this abhominable and detestable murther here shall folow the whole inquyry and verdicte of thenquest woorde for woorde.

The .v. and the .vi. daie of December in the .vi. yere of the reigne of our souereigne lorde kyng Henry the .viii. Wyllyam Barnewell ••row∣ner of London,* 3.8 the daye and yere aboue sayde within the warde of Cas∣tylbaynerd of London assembled a quest, whose names afterwarde doo appere, and hath sworne theim truely to enquire of the death of one Ry∣chard Hun, whiche lately was founde dead in the Lollers tower with in Pauls church of London, wherupon al we of the inquest together went vp into thesayd tower, where we found the body of thesayd Hun hāging vpon a staple of iron in a gyrdell of sylke, with fayre countenaunce hys heed fayre kemed, and his bonet right sittyng vpon his heed, w^t his ey••n & mouth fayre closed withoute any staryng, gapyng, or frownyng. Also without any dreuelyng or spurgyng in any place of his body, wherupō by one assent all we agreed to take downe the body of thesayde Hun, and as sone as we begā to heue at the body it was loose, wherby by good ad∣uysement we perceiued that the gyrdel had no knot aboue the staple, but it was double cast and the lynkes of an iron chayne which did hang on the same staple were layd vpon thesame gyrdle wherby he did hang: Al∣so the knot of the gyrdell that went about his neck stode vnder hys left eare, which caused his head to leane toward his right shoulder. Not w^t∣standyng there came out of his nostrels .ii. small stremes of bloud to the quantite of .iiii. dropes, saue only these .iiii. dropes of blode, the face lip∣pes chinne, doublet, coler, & shurt of thesayde Hun was cleane from any bloud. Also we fynd y^• the skyn both of his neck & throte beneth the gyr∣dell of sylk, was fret & fased awaye, with that thing which y^e murtherers

had broken his neck with all. Also she hādes of thesayd Hun were wrōg in the wristes, wherby we perceyued that his handes had been bounde.

Moreouer we fynd that within thesayde prison was no meane wher∣by any man might hang him selfe, but onely a stole, which stole stode v∣pon a bolster of a bed, so tyckle that any man or beast myght not touche it so litle but it was redy to fall, wherby we perceyued that yt was not possible that Hun myght hange hym selfe the stole so standynge. Also all the gyrdell from the staple to hys necke, as well as the part which went about his neck was to litle for his heed to come out therat. Also it was not possible that the soft sylken gyrdell shoulde breake his neck or skyn beneth the gyrdle. Also we finde in a corner somewhat beyonde the place wher he dyd hang a great persell of bloud. Also we fynde that vpon the lyfte syde of Huns Iacket from the breast downeward .ii. great stremes of bloud. Also within the ••lappe of the lyft syde of his Iacket, we fynde a greate cluster of bloude and the Iacket folden downe therupon, whi∣che thyng thesayde Hun coulde neuer folde nor do after he was hanged: Whereby it appereth plainly to vs all, that the necke of Hun was bro∣ken, and the greate plenty of blude was shed before he was hanged. Wherefore all wee fynde by God and all our consciences that Rychard Hun was murthered: also we acquyte thesayd Richard Hun of his aune deathe.

Also an ende of a wax candell whyche as Ihon Belrynger sayeth, he lefte in the pryson burnyng with Hun that same Sondaye at nyght that Hun was murthered, whyche waxe candell we founde styckynge vppon the stockes fayre put oute, aboute seuen or eyght foot from the place where Hun was hanged, whyche candell after oure opynion was neuer put oute by hym, for many lykelyhodes whiche we haue percey∣ued. Also at the goynge vp of Master Chaunceller into the Lollars tower, wee haue good proofe that there laye on the stockes a gowne ey∣ther of murrey or crimosyn in grayn furred with shankes, whose goune yt was wee coulde neuer proue, neyther who bare yt awaye. All wee fynde that Master Wyllyam Horsey Chaunceller to my lorde of Lon∣don hath had at hys commaundement bothe the rule and guydynge of thesayde prysoner. Moreouer, all we fynde that thesayde Master Nor∣sey Chaunceller hath put Charles Ioseph out of his office, as thesayde Charles hath confessed, because he would not dele and vse thesayde pry∣soner so cruelly and do to hym as the Chaunceller would haue had hym to do. Notwithstandyng the keyes delyueraunce to the Chaunceller by Charles on the Saturdaye at nyght before Huns deathe and Charles rydyng out of the towne on the Sondaye in the mornyng ensuyng was but a conuencion made betwixte Charles and the Chaunceller, for to co∣lour the murther, for thesame Sōday that Charles rode furth, he came agayne to towne the Sonday at nyght, and kylled Rychard Hun▪ as in the deposycions of Iulian Littell, Thomas Chitcheley, Thomas Sy∣mondes, and Peter Tur••er doeth appere.

After colouryng of the murther betwixte Charles and the Chauncel∣ler conspired, the Chaunceller called to hym one Ihon Spaldyng Bel∣rynger of Poules and delyuered to thesame Belrynger the keyes of the Lollars towre, geuyng to thesayde Belrynger a great charge, sayeng: I charge the to kepe Hun more straytely than he hath been kepte, and let hym haue but one meale a daye. Moreouer I charge the, let no bo∣dy come to hym wythoute my lycence, neyther to brynge hym shurt, cap, kercheffe, or any other thynge, but that I see it before yt come to hym. Also before Hun was caried to Fulham, the Chaunceller commaunded too bee put vppon Huns necke a greate coller of Iron with a greate chayne whiche is to heuy for any man or beast to were and longe to en∣dure.

Moreouer it is well proued that before Huns death thesayd Chaun∣celler came vp into thesayde Lollers tower, and kneled downe before Hun, holdyng vp hys handes to hym, prayenge hym of forgeuenesse of all that he had done to hym and muste do to hym. And on the Sondaye folowynge the Chaunceller commaunded the Penytensary of Pou∣les, too goo vp to hym and saye a Gospell, and make for hym holy wa∣ter and holye breade, and geue yt to hym, whyche so dyd and also the Ch••unceller cōmaunded that Hun should haue his diner. And thesame dyner tyme Charles boye was shute in pryson with Hun, whiche was neuer so before, and after dyner whan the Belrynger fet oute the doye, the Belrynger sayde to thesame boye, come no more hyther with mete for hym vntyll to morowe at noone, for my mayster Chaunceller hathe commaunded that he shall haue but one meale a daye: and thesame night ••olowynge Rychard Hun was murthered, whiche murder coulde not haue been done wythoute consente and lycence of the Chaunceller, and also by the wittynge and knowelege of Ihon Spaldynge Belryn∣ger, for there coulde no man come in to the prysone but by the keyes be∣yng in Ihon Belryngers kepynge. Also as by my Lorde of Londons booke doeth appere, Ihon Belrynger is a poore innocente man, where∣fore all wee doo perceyue that thys murther coulde not be done, but by the commaundement of the Chaunceller, and by the wittyng & knowing of Ihon Belrynger.

Charles Ioseph wythin the tower of London of hys awne free wyll and vnconstreyned sayde, that Master Chaunceller deuysed and wrote with his awne hand, all suche heresyes as were layd to Hūs char∣ge, recorde Ihon God, Ihon Truy, Ihon Pasmar, Richard Gybson w^t many other.

Also Charles Ioseph sayeth, that whan Rychard Hun was slayne Ihon Belrynger bare vpp the steyre into Lollars tower a waxe can∣dell, hauynge the keyes of the dores hangynge on hys arme, and I Charles went nexte to hym, and master Chaunceller came vp last, and whan all wee came vp, we founde Hun lyenge on hys bedde, and than Mayster Chaunceller sayde, lay handes on the thefe and so all we mur∣thered

Hun, and than I Charles put the gyrdell aboute Huns necke, and than Ihon Belrynger and I Charles dyd heue vp Hun and Ma∣ster Chaunceller pulled the gyrdell ouer the staple, and so Hun was hanged.

The deposycion of I••lian littell Late seruaunt to Charles Io∣seph by her fre vvill vnconstrayned the vi. yere of oure soue∣reigne lord kyng Henry the .viii. vvithin the Chapell of our lady of Bethlehem shevved to thynquest.

Fyrst Iulian sayeth, that the Wednesdaye at nyght after the death of Rychard Hun, that Charles Ioseph her master came home to hys supper: than Iulian sayde to hym, master yt was tolde me that ye were in pryson, Charles aunswered▪ it is merye to turne the penye, and after supper Charles trussed persell of his goodes, and with helpe of Iulyan bare them into Master Porters howse to kepe, and that done Charles sayde to Iulian. Iulian, yf thou wilt be sworne to kepe my counsayll I wyll shewe the my mynde. Iulian aunswered ye, yf it be neyther fe∣lonie or treason: than Charles toke a boke oute of his purse, and Iu∣lian sware to hym therupon, than sayde Charles to Iulian, I haue di∣stroyed Rycharde Hun. Alas Master sayde Iulian, howe he was cal∣led an honest man? Charles aunswered, I put a wyre in his nose. Alas sayde Iulyan nowe be ye cast a waye and vndone, than sayde Charles Iulyan I truste in the that thou wylt kepe my counsayll, and Iulyan aunswered ye, but for Godes sake master shifte for your selfe, and than Charles sayde I had leuer than hundred pound yt were not done, but that is done can not be vndone▪ Moreouer Charles sayde than to Iu∣lyan, vpon Sondaye whan I rode to my cousyn Baryngtons house▪ I taryed there and made good chere all daye tyll yt was nyght, and yet before it was mydnyghte I was in London, and had kylled Hun, and vpon the next day I rode y^e ther agayn and was there at dyner, and sent for neyghbours and made good chere. Than ••ulian asked Charles, where set you your horse that nyght you came to towne, and wherfore came ye not home, Charles aunswered, I came not home for feare of be∣wraiynge, and than Iulian asked Charles, who was wyth you at the kyllynge of Hun. Charles aunswered, I wyll not tell the: and Iulyan saythe that vpon the Thursdaye folowynge Charles taryed all daye in his house with great fere and vpon Frydaye folowyng erly in the mor∣nynge before daye, Charles went foorth (as he sayde) he wente to Pou∣les, and at his commyng in agayne he was in great fere sayenge. Haste∣ly get me my horse and with great feare and hast made hym redye to ry∣de, and bad Mayster Porters lad lede hys horse into the felde by the backsyde, and than Charles put into hys sleue hys mase or masor wyth other plate, and borowed of Masteres Porter bothe golde and syluer, but howe muche I am not sure, and Charles wente into the felde after hys horse, and Iulyan brought hys booget after hym. Also vpon Fry∣day

in Christmas weke folowyng▪ Charles came home late in the nyght and brought with hym .iii. bakers and a Smyth of Stratforde, and the same nyght they caried out of Charles howse all hys goodes by the feld syde to the Bell at Shordyche and erly in the morenynge conueyed yt with cartes to Stratford.

Moreouer Iulyan sayth that the Saturdaye at nyght before the death of Hun, Charles ••ame home and broughte with hym a Gurnard, sayenge, yt was for Hun, and Charles boye telled to Iulian, that there was also ordeyned a pece of freshe Salmon, whiche Ihon Belrynger had.

Also Charles sayde to thesayde Iulyan, were not this vngratious trouble, & coulde brynge my Lorde of London to the dores of herety∣ques in London bothe of men and women that ben worthe a thowsand pound: But I am aferd that the vngracions mydwyfe shall bewraye vs all.

Also Charles sayde vnto maistres Porter in lykewyse & more larger sayeng of the best in London, where to maistres porter answered, the best in London is my lord Mayer, than Charles saide, I will not skuse him quyte for he taketh this matter whote.

Where as Charles Ioseph sayeth he laye at necke hill with a harlott a mans wyfe in Baryngtons house thesame nyght, and there abode vn∣tyll the morowe at .xi. of the clocke that Rycharde Hun was murthered whereupon he brought before the kynges counsayll for hys purgacion the ••orsayde baude Baryngtons wyfe, and also the foresayde harlott, whiche purgacion we haue proued all vntreue as right largely may ap∣pere as well by the deposicion of Iulian Littell, as of Thomas Chyt∣cheley Taylor and of Ihon Symons Stacioner, with other, as of Ro∣bert Ihonson and Peter Turner.

The deposycion of Thomas Chitcheley Tay∣lor.

Thesayd Thomas sayeth, thesame Monday that Richard Hun was found dead, within a quarter of an hower after .vii. a clocke in the mor∣nyng, he met w^t Charles Ioseph cōmyng out of Pouls at y^e nether north dore, goyng toward Pater noster row, saȳg good morow master Char∣les, & thesayd Charles answered, good morow, & turned hys back whan he was withoute the churche dore, and loked vpon thesayde Chitchelay.

The deposicion of Thomas Symondes Stacioner.

He sayeth, the same mornyng that Hun was founde deed▪ y^e with in a quarter of an hower after .vii. a clock in the mornynge, Charles Ioseph came before him at his s••all & sayd good morow gossyp Symons, & the same Symons sayd good morow to him agayne, & the wyfe of thesame Symons was by him, & because of the dedly cōtenaunce & hasty goyng of Charles thesayd Thomas bad his wife loke whither Charles gothe, and as she coulde perceyue, Charles went into an ale howse standyng in

Pater noster rowe by the Aley ledyng into the rode of Northerne, or in∣to the Aley whither she could not well tell.

The deposicion of Roberte Ihonson and his vvife dvvellyng at the bell in Shord••••che, vvhere Charles Ioseph sett his horse that nyghte that he came to toune to murther Richard Hun.

Thesayde Robert sayeth that Charles Ioseph sent hys horse to hys house vpon a holydaye at nyght about .iii. wekes before Christmas by a boy, which horse was albeswet, and albe myred: and thesayd boye sayd let my fathers horse stand sadelled, for I can not tell whether my father wyll ryde agayne to nyghte or not, and thesayde horse stode sadell••d all nyght and in the morenynge folowynge Charles came be••ed and spur∣red aboute .viii. of the clocke, and asked yf hys horse was sadelled and the seruaunt aunswered: ye, and thesayde Charles lepte vpon hys horse and prayed the hoste to let hym out of hys backe gate that he myght ry∣de out by the feld syde, whyche host so dyd. And because he was vncer∣tayne of the daye, we asked hym yf he hard speke of the death of Hun at that tyme or not, and he aunswered nay: but shortly after he dyd. Neuer∣thelesse Peter Turner Charles sonne in law which brought the horse be nyght into the Bell Robert Ihonsons house, confessed it was the ••ame night before that Hun was founde dead in the mornyng. Moreouer the Frydaye before Huns deth Peter Turner sayde to an honest woman a waxe chaundelers wife dwellyng before sainct Maries spitel gate, that before this day seuen night Hun should haue a mischeuouse death. And the same daye at after none this Hun was founde dead, thesayde Pe∣ter came to thesame wyfe and tolde her that Hun was hanged, sayenge what told I you.

Also Iames the Chauncelers cooke, the Frydaye before Huns death, sayde to .v. honest men, y^• Hun should dye or Christmas, or els he would dye for hym, and on the Mondaye that Hun was founde dead thesayde Iames came to thesame men: and sayde, what tolde I you, is he not now hanged.

And we of thynquest asked both of Peter Turner & of Iames cooke wher they had knowlege that Hun should so shortely dye, and thei sayd in master Chauncellers place by euery man.

The deposicion of Ihon Spaldyng Belrynger

Fyrste thesayde deponent sayeth, that on Saturdaye the seconde daye of December. Anno. M.D.Xiiii. he toke the charge of the pry∣son at foure of the clocke at after none, by the commaundemente of ma∣ster Chaunceller, and so toke the keyes, wherupon he gaue commaunde∣ment to the deponent, that he should let no maner of person speke w^t the prysoner excepte he had knowlege of them, and so at .v. of the clocke the same daye thesayde deponent wente to the prysoner hym selfe alone, and sawe hym and cheryshed hym, where he gaue thesayde deponente a pece

of fresh Salmon for hys wyfe. And after that thesayde deponent sayeth that he went to master commissaries to supper with his felowe, where he remembred that he had left hys knyfe with thesayde prysoner, wherupō by the counsayll of master Commissary he went to the prysoner and fet∣ched hys knyfe, where he founde the prisoner sayeng of his beades, and so thesayde deponent requyred his knyfe of thesayde prisoner, and the∣saide prisoner deliuered the knyfe to thesayd deponent gladly, and so de parted for that nyght.

And after that on the Sonday next folowyng thesayd deponent came to the prisoner at .ix. of the clock, and asked him what mete he would ha∣ue to his diner, and he aunswered but a morsell, and so thesaide deponēt departed and went to the Chaunceller into the quere, and he cōmaūded, that he should take the penytensary vp to the prysoner w^t hym to make hym holy water and holy bread, and made thesaide deponent to departe the prison house for a whyle, and after that he brought hym his dyner, & locked Charles boye with hym all dyner while, vnto the hower of .i. of y^• clocke, and so let the lad out agayne and asked him what he would haue to his supper, and he answered that he had meate ynough, & so departed vntyll .vi. of the clocke, and than thesayde deponente broughte hym a quart•• of al••, and at that tyme one Wyllyam Sampson went with the∣sayde deponent to see the prysoner where he was, and sawe hym & spake together, and so from the hower of .vi. a foresayde vnto twelfe a clocke on the morow thesaide deponent came not there and whan he came there he met the Chaunceller with other doctoures goynge to se the prysoner where he hanged.

The deposicion of Peter Turner, sonne in lavv of Charles Ioseph.

Fyrste he sayeth that his father in lawe rode out of the toune vpon Sonday the .iii. day of December. Anno .xv.C. & .xiiii. at .vi. of the clock in the mornynge, weryng a cote of orenge tawny, on a horse cooler gry∣sell, trottyng.

He sayeth the Sondaye next before that one Buttons wyfe gaue knowlege to thesayde deponente that hys father shoulde bee arested by dyuerse sergeantes assone as he coulde be taken, and thereupon thesayd deponente gaue knowlege to thesayde father in lawe at the blacke Fry∣ers at the water syde. Wherupon he auoyded, and thesame nyghte may∣ster chaunceller gaue the keyes to Ihon Belrynger, and gaue him char∣ge of the prysoner and on thesayde Sondaye thesayde deponente wyth Ihon Belrynger serued thesayde prisoner of his diner at .xii. of y^e clocke and than Ihon Belrynger sayde to the deponēt, that he would not come to hym vnto the morowe for my lord had cōmaunded him that the priso∣ner should haue but one meales mete of the daye. Notwiths••ādyng that thesayde Ihon Belrynger after that he had shut Poules church dores, went to the foresayde prisoner, with another with him at .vii. of the clock at nyght thesayde Sonday••.

And the sayde deponent sayeth, that he came on the Monday at the hower of eyghte of the clocke in the morenynge to seke Ihon Bel∣rynger, and coulde not fynde hym, and taryed vntyll the hye Ma••••e of Poules was done, and yet he coulde not fynde Ihon Belrynger, and than Ihon Belryngers felowe, one Wyllyam, delyuered the keyes to thesayde deponent, and so thesayd deponent with two officers of my lor∣des beyng somners went to serue thesayd prison••t, and wh••n the•• came the prisoner (they saide) was hanged, his face to the wal warde, and vpō that thesayde deponent immediatly gaue knowelege to the chaun••e••ler, wherupon the chaunceller went vp w^t the master of the rolles, & master S••bdeane with other doctoures vnknowen, to the nomber of a do••en & their seruauntes.

The deposicion of Ihon Enderby Barber.

The sayde Ihon Enderby sayth, the Frydaye before the death of Ri∣chard Hun, betwixte .viii. & .ix. of the clock in the mornyng, he met w^t ••hō Belrynger in est••hepe, and asked of him how master Hun fared, thesayd Belrynger aunswered, sayenge: There is ordeyned for him so greuouse penaunce that when men here of it, they shall haue great maruel therof: wytnesses that hard Ihon Belrynger saye these woordes Ihon Rutte•• Skreuener, and William Segar armourer.

Also thesayd Ihon E••derby sayth thesame Mondaye that Rychard Hun was founde dedd, he met with thesayd Ihon Belrynge•• at y^e cōdyth in gracious strete about .ix. of the clock in the mornyng▪ askyng the••ayd Belrynger, how master Hun fared, thesayde Belrynger aun••wered, ••a∣yeng, he fared wel this day in the mornyng betwixte .v. & .vi. ••••the clock. Howbeit, I am sory for hym, for there can no body, come to him vntill I come, for I haue the keyes of the dorees here by my Gyrdel, and shewed keyes to the sayd Enderby.

The deposicion of Alen Cresvvell vvax Chaundeler.

Thesayde Alen sayth, that Ihon Grandger seruaunte w^t my lorde of Londō, in my lord of Londōs kechyn, at such time as thesayd Alen was seryng of Huns coffen that Grandger tolde to him that he was present with Ihon Belrynger thesame Sonday at night y^• Richard was ••oūde¦ded of the morowe whan his keper sett hym in the stockes, in so muche thesayde Hun desyred to borow the kepers knyfe, & the keper asked him what he would do with his knyfe, & aunswered, I had leuer kyll my self than to be thus entreted. This deposicion thesayde Alen wyll proue as farforth as any christen man may, saieng that Erandger shewed to hym these woordes of his awne frewyll and mynde, without any question or enquiry to him made by thesayd Alen. Moreouer thesayd Alen sayth, y^• ••ll that euenyng Grandger was in great feare.

The depos••cion of Richard Horsnayle Bailyfe of the sanctuary tovvne called Good Esture in Essex.

Thesaide Richard sayth▪ the Fryday before Christmas daie last past, y^• one Charles Ioseph, somner to my lord of Lōdō, became a sanctuary

man, and theaforsayde Frydaye he regestred his name, the sayde Char∣les sayenge yt was for the sauegarde of hys body, for there be certayne men in London so extreme agaynst hym for the deathe of Richard Hun, that he dare not abyde in London: Howbeit the sayde Charles saithe, he knowlegeth hym selfe gyltles of Huns death, for he delyuered the keyes to the Chaunceller hy Huns life, also the sayde Balife sayth, that Char∣les payd y^• deuty of thesayde regestryng, both to him and sir Ihon Stu∣dely Uicar.

The copye of my lorde of Londons Letter sent to my lorde Cardinall.

I beseche your good lordshipp to stande so good lord vnto my poore chaunceller nowe inwarde, and endited by an vntrewe quest for y^e death of Richard Hun, vpon the only accusacion of Charles Ioseph made by payne and duraunce, that by your intercession it may please the kynges grace to haue the matter duly and sufficiently examined by indifferente persones of his discrete counsayll in the presence of the parties, or there be any more done in that cause, and that vpon the innocency of my saide Chaunceller declared, it may further please the kynges grace, to a ward a plackard vnto his Attnoray to confesse the saide enditement to be vn∣trewe whan the tyme shall requyre it, for assured am I if my Chaūceller be tryed by any .xii. men in London, thei be so maliciously set. In fauorem heretice pra••••tatis, that they wyl cast and condempne ony clerke, though he were as innocent as Abell. ••uare sipotes beate pater adiuua infirmi∣tares nostras & tibi in perpetuum deuincti erimus. Ouer this in most hū∣ble wyse I beseche you that I maye haue the kynges gracious fauour, whome I neuer offended willyngly, and that by your good meanes I might sp••ke with his grace and you, and I with all myne, shal pray for your prosperouse estate long to continue.

Your most humble Oratour. R. L.

The vvoordes that my lord of London spake before the lordes in the parliament chamber.

Memorandum, that the Byshop of London sayde in the parliament chamber, that there was a byll brought to the parliamente to make the iury that was charged vppon the deathe of Hun true men, and sayde and tooke vpon his conscience that they were false periuried catyfes, and sayde further more too all the Lordes ther than beynge, for the loue of GOD, loke vpon this matter, for yf ye do not I dare not kepe myne awne house for heretiques: and sayde that thesaide Rychard Hun hanged hym selfe, and that yt was hys awne dede and no mans els. And further more sayde, that there came a man to hys howse (whose wyfe was appeched of heresye) to speke with hym, and he sayde that he had no mynde to speke with thesame man, which man spake and reported to the seruauntes of the same Byshoppe, that yf hys wyfe

woulde not holde styll her opinion, he woulde cutte her throte with his awne handes, with other woordes.

❧ The sentence of the quest, subscribed by the crouner.

The inquisicion intendid & taken at the cytie of London, in the Parishe of sainct Gregorie, in the warde of Baynard castell in Londō the .vi. daye of December, in the yere and raigne of kynge Henry the viij. the .vi. yere, afore Thomas Barnewell ••rouner of our soueraigne lorde the kynge, within the citie of London aforesayde. Also afore Ia∣mes Yarford, and Ihon Mondey Sheriffes of thesayde citie, vppon the sight of the bodye of Rychard Hun late of London Taylour, which was founde hanged in y^• Lollars Towre, and by the othe and profe of lawfull men of thesame warde, and of other .iii. wardes next adioyning as it ought to be after the custome in the ci••ie aforesayde, to enquyre, how, and in what maner wyse, thesayde Rycharde Hun came vnto hys death, and vpon the othe of Ihon Bernard, Thomas Sterte, William Warren, Henry Abraham, Ihon aborow, Ihon Turner, Robert Alen, William Marler, Ihon Burton, Iames Page, Thomas Pickehyll, William Burton, Robert Brigewater, Thomas Busted, Gilbert Ho∣well, Rychard Gibson, Christopher Crofton, Ihon Eod, Rychard Hol∣te, Ihon Pasmere, Edmonde Hudson, Ihon Aunsell, Rycharde Cou∣per, Ihon Tynie, the which sayde vpon their othes, that where the sayd Rychard Hun, by the commaundement of Rycharde, bishop of Londō, was enprisoned and brought to holde in a pryson of the sayd bishops, called Lollars Towre lyeng in the cathedral churche of saincte Paule in London, in the paryshe of sainct Gregorie, in the warde of Baynerd castell aforesayde, William Horseley of London clercke, otherwise cal∣led William Heresie, Chauncelour to Rycharde bishop of London, & one Charles Ioseph late of Lōdō somner, and Ihon Spaldyng of Lō∣don, otherwise called Ihon belrynger, felonyousely as felōs to our lord the kynge, with force and armes againste the peace of oure soueraigne lorde the kynge, and dignitie of hys croune, the, iiii. daye of December, the yere of the reygne of our soueraigne lorde the .vi. aforesayd, of their great malice, at the parishe of saincte Gregorie aforesayde, vppon the sayde Rycharde Hun made a fraye, and thesame Rycharde Hun felo∣nyously strangeled and smodered, and also the necke they did breake of thesayde Rychard Hun, and there felo••yously slew him and murthe∣red hym: and also the body of the sayd Rycharde Hun afterwarde the same .iiii. daye, yere, place, parishe and warde aforesayde, with the pro∣per gyrdell of thesame Rychard Hun of sylke, blacke of coloure, of the value of .xii. d, after his death vpon a hoke dryuen into a pece of tym∣ber in the walle of the pryson aforesayd made faste, and so hanged hym agaynst the peace of oure soueraigne lorde the kynge, and the dignitie of hys croune, and so thesayd Iury hathe sworne vpon the holy Euan∣gelist, y^• the sayde William Horsey clercke, Charles Ioseph, and Ihon

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Sp••ldynge of their set malice then, & their, felonyously kylled & mur∣thered thesayde Rychard Hun, in maner & forme abouesayde, agaynste the peace of our soueraigne lord the kyng his croune and dignitie.

❧ Subscribed in this maner. Thomas Barnewell, crouner of the citie of London.

This Chri••temas on Newyeres night, y^• king, y^• duke of Suffolke and .ii. other in mantels of clothe of siluer, & lyned with blew veluet, the syluer was pounsed in letters, so that veluet might be sene through, the mantels had great capes like to the Portingal ••opys, and all their ho∣sen, dublettes & cotes were of thesame fasshiō cut and of thesame stuffe, with thē were .iiii. ladyes in gounes, after the fashiō of Sauoy, of blew veluet, lyned with clothe of golde, the veluet all to cutte, and mantels like typpettes knytte together al of siluer and on there heddes bonettes of burned golde, the .iiii. torche b••arers were in satten white and blewe. This straunge apparell pleased muche euery person, and in especial the Quene, & thus these .iiii. lordes and .iiii. ladyes came into the Quenes chamber with great light of torches, and daunsed a greate season, and then put of their visers, & then they were well knowen, and the Quene hartelye thanked the kynges grace for her goodly pastyme, and kyssed hym.

Likewise on the twelfe night, the kyng and the Quene came into the hall of Grenewyche, and sodainlye entered a tent of clothe of golde and before the tent stode .iiii. men of armes, armed at all poinctes and swerdes in their handes, and sodainly with noyes of trompettes ente∣red .iiii. other persons all armed, and ran to the other foure, and there was a great and a fear••e fight, and sodainly came oute of a place lyke a wood .viii. wyldemen, all apparayled in grene mosse, made with slyued sylke, with Uggly weapons and terrible visages, and there foughte with the knyghtes .viii. to .viii, & after long fighting, the armed knigh∣tes draue the wylde men out of their places, and folowed the chace oute of the hall: and whē they were departed, the tent opened, and there ca∣me out vi. lordes and .vi. ladyes rychely apparayled, & daunsed a great tyme: when they had daunsed their pleasure▪ they entered the tent again and so was conueyed out of y^• hal, & then the kynge and the quene were serued with a right sumpteous banquet.

The .iii. daye of Februarie, the kynge made a solempne Iustes, & he and the Marques Dorset would aunswer all commers, their appa∣rell & bardes were of blewe veluet, and clothe of siluer, all too cutte in suttell knottes, rychely embraudered, al the seruitours in white & blew sylke. The counterparte, whiche were .xiiii. in number, richely apparai∣led in veluet, clothe of golde, & brouderie, euery man a••ter hys awne de∣uice. The kynge was that daye highly to be praysed, for he brake .xxiii. speres besyde attayntes▪ and bare doune to grounde a man of armes & hys horse: the lorde Marques and all other dyd valiauntly, and hadde

muche prayse▪ for euery man did passinge well, which is seldome sene in suche a case, but the kynge for a suertie exceded all other.

The .iiii. daye of October, the kynge remoued to Lambeth, and on the morow beganne the hygh courte of Parliamēt, syr Thomas Neuel was then speaker, in this Parliament was diuerse actes made, but in especiall two, which were muche spokē of, the one was the acte of appa∣rayll, and the other the acte of laborers, of these .ii. actes was muche cō∣monynge and muche busynes arose, for the laborers woulde in no wyse labour by the daye, but all by taske and in grette, and therefore muche trouble fell in the courte, and in especial in Haruest tyme, for then hus∣bande men coulde scace get workemen to helpe in their Haruest. Thys Parliament contynued tyl Easter, in the which dyuerse subsidies were graunted to the kynge towarde hys greate costes and charges, that he had bene at in hys vyage Royall in Fraunce, and after Easter the xix. daye of the moneth of Aprill, the kynge delitynge to set forth yoūge Gentelmen, called Nycholas Carew, and Fraunces Bryan, and cau∣sed dyuerse other younge Gentelmen, to be on the counter parte, and lent to them horse and harnes to encourage all youthe too seke dedes of armes. This yere dyed at Rome by poyson as was reported the Archebishop of Yorke & Cardinall,* 15.1 called doctor Benbrycke, whyche was the kynges Ambassadour there: this was a wise mā & of a ioly cou¦rage. The kyng then gaue thesayd Archebishoprike to Thomas Wol∣sey, then bishop of Lyncoln, which at that tyme bare all the rule aboute y^• kyng, & what he sayd was obeyed in all places. And whē he was once Archebishop, he studyed daye & night how to be a Cardinal, & caused y^• kyng & the Frenche kyng to wryte to Rome for him, & at their requestes he obteyned his purpose as you shall here afterwarde.

At this tyme was much cōmoning, & verely as it appered it was en∣tended, that the kyng in person woulde passe the sea to Caleys, & there on the marches of thesame, the Frenche kyng and quene to come & se the kyng their brother, and for thesame iornay many costely workes were wrought, & much ryche apparel prouided ••or, & much preparaciō made against the next spring: but death, which is the last ende of all thinges let this iornay, for before the next spring the Frenche kyng dyed at the citie of Parys, the first daye of Ianuary, whē he had ben maryed .lxxxii. dayes. And when the kyng was aduertised of the death of the Frenche kyng, he caused a solēpne obsequie to be songe for him in the cathedrall churche of s. Poule w^t a costly herse, & many noble men beynge present.

And after he sent a letter to comfort the Quene his sister, requyrynge too knowe her pleasure whither she woulde continue still in Fraunce or returne into Englande agayne. And when he was aduertised of her purpose, which was to retorne into England. He sent the duke of Suf∣folke, syr Rychard Wyngfeld, and doctor West with a goodl•• bāde of yomen, all in blacke to Parys, whiche were well receyued of the newe Frēch king Fraūces y^• first of y^• name, & declared to him, that according

to the couenauntes made at the tyme of the mariage betwene kynge Loyes & the ladye Marie, sister to the king of Englāde, they demaūded to haue thesayde quene deliuered to thē with her ••ower, & shewed their cōmission for the receite of her. Then the coūsaill of Fraūce, accordinge to the apointmentes assigned her a dower, & the duke of Suffolke put in officers, and then she was by endenture deliuered to the duke, which behaued him selfe so to her, that he obteyned her good wil to be her hus∣bande, & therupon he wrote to the kyng her brother, mekely besechynge hym of pardon of his request & hūblye requyringe hym of hys wil & cō∣sent, at which thynge the kyng a while staied, and at the last by y^• meane of the Frenche quene her selfe, & other great frendes on the dukes parte, After lōg suyte it was agreed that y^• duke of Suffolke should bring her into England vnmaryed, & at hys retorne to mary her in England: but for doubte of chaunge he maryed her secretely in Parys as was sayde.

¶The .vii. yere.

AFter that the duke of Suffolke had receaued the Frenche quene with her dower apoynted, & all her apparell, iuels and housholde stuffe deliuered, he with y^• quene toke their leaue of the Frēche kyng, leauing doctor West, nominate bishop of Ely, for the conclusion of the newe league to be made betwene the kyng of Englande, & the newe Frenche kynge called Fraunces the first, and so passed thorough Fraunce to Caleys, where she was honorably enterteined. And after with great honour maried to lord Charles Brandon, duke of Suffolke opēly: howbeit, some sayd he was maryed priuely before at Parys, in the house of Cluigny. Against this mariage many men grudged & sayd that it was a great losse to the realme that she was not maryed to the prynce of Castell: but the wisest sorte was cōtēt, cōsideryng that if she had ben maryed agayn out of the realm, she should haue caried much riches with her, & now she brought euery yere into the realme .ix. or .x.M. markes: but whatsoeuer the rude people said, y^e duke behaued him selfe so, that he had both the fauour of the kyng and of the people, hys wytte and demeanour was suche.

The king & the quene accōpanyed with many lordes & ladyes roade to the high ground of shoters hil to take the open ayre, and as thei pas∣sed by the waye, they espied a cōpany of tall yomen, clothed all in grene with grene whodes & bowes & arrowes,* 15.2 to the nūber of .ii.C. Then one of them, which called him selfe Robyn hood, came to the kyng, desyring him to se his men shoote, & the kyng was cōtent. Then he whisteled, & al the .ii.C. archers shot & losed at once, & then he whisteled agayne, & they likewyse shot agayne, their arrowes whisteled by crafte of the head, so that the noyes was straunge and great, & muche pleased the kynge the quene and all the company. All these archers were of the kynges garde and had thus appareled them selues to make solace to the kynge.

Then Robyn hood desyred the kynge and quene to come into the grene

wood, & to s•• how the outlawes lyue. The kyng demaunded of y^• quene & her ladyes, if they durst aduenture to go into the wood with so many outlawes. Then the quene sayde, that if it pleased him, she was con∣tent, then the hornes blewe tyl they came to the wood vnder shoters hil, and there was an Arber made of boowes with a hal, and a great chāber and an inner chamber very well made & couered with 〈◊〉〈◊〉 & swete herbes, whiche the kyng muche praysed. Then sayde Robyn hood, Sir Outlawes brekefastes is venyson, and therefore you must be contente with suche fare as we vse. Then the kyng and quene sate doune, & were serued with venyson and wyne by Robyn hood and hys men, too theyr great contentacion. Then the kyng departed and hys company, & Ro∣byn hood and hys men them condu••cted, and as they were returnynge, there met with them .ii. ladyes in a ryche chariot drawen with .v. horses and euery horse had hys name on his head, and on euery horse sate a la∣dye w^t her name writē. On the fir•••• cours••r called Cawde, sate humidite, or humide. On the .ii. courser called Meme••n, roade lady vert. On the iii. called pheron sate lady veg••taue. On the .iiii. called Rimphon sate lady pleasaunce. On the .v. called lampace, sate swete odour, and in the Chayre sate the lady May, accōpanyed with lady Flora, rychely appa∣reled▪ and they saluted the kinge with diuerse goodly songes, & so bro∣ught hym to Grenewyche. At this Maiyng was a great nūbre of peo∣ple to beholde to their great solace and confort.

Thesame after none, the king, y^• duke of Suffolke, y^• Marques dor∣set, & the erle of Essex, their bardes & bases of grene veluet and cloth of golde, came into the felde on great coursers, on whome wayted diuerse gētlemē in sylke of thesame colour. On the other side entred .xvi. lordes & gētlemē, al appareyled richely after their deuises, & so 〈◊〉〈◊〉 they rāne their courses appointed: & after y^• they rane volāt one as 〈◊〉〈◊〉 as he might ouertake another, which was a goodly ••••ght to se: & when al was done they departed, and went to a goodly banquet.

This Sōmer the kyng tooke his progresse Westward, & visited his tounes & castels there, & harde the c••play••tes of his poore cōminaltie, & euer as he roade, he hūted & liberally departed with veny••on: & in the myddes of Septēber he came to his maner o•• Okyng, & thether came to hym the Archbishop of Yorke, whome he hartely welcōmed & shewed him great pleasures: And while he soiourned ther, a letter was brought to y^e Archebishop frō Rome certefiyng him how he was elected to be a Cardinal, which incōtinēt shewed thesame to the kyng, disablinge hym self in wordes, though his entēt was otherwise, & so the king did encou∣rage him, & willed him to take y^e order on him, & so called him my lorde Cardinal, but his hat•• bul nor other ceremonyes were not yet come.

In the moneth of Nouember, the kyng assembled hys hygh court of Parliament at Westmynster, and diuerse actes made in the P••rliamēt the .vi. yere, amended and altered, & especially the acte of apparell, and the acte of labourers, as by the booke of statutes more plainly apereth.

And at the ende of this Parliament, the Archebishop of Caūtourbury perc••auing that the Archebishop of Yorke medled more in his office of Chaunc••lourship then it became him to suffer, except he would auēture the kynges displeasure, & seynge also that thesayd bishop of Yorke co∣u••ted to beare all the rule, and to haue all the whole authoritie, conside∣ringe also his awne great age, gaue vp into the kinges hādes hys row∣me of Chauncelour, and deliuered to the kynge the greate seale, whiche deliuered thesame to the Archebishop of Yorke, and made him Chaun∣celour. And assone as he was Chaūcelour, he directed cōmissiōs into al Shires, for to put the statute of apparell and the statute of labourers in execucion. And he him selfe one daye called a gentelmā named Sy∣mon fyzRichard, and tooke from him an olde Iacket of Crymosyn vel∣uet and diuerse brooches, whiche exstreme doyng caused him greatly to be hated, and by his exsample many cruell officiers for malice, euell in∣treated dyuerse of the kynges subiectes, in so muche that one Shyn∣nynge Mayre of Rochester, set a young man on the Pillory for wering of a ryuen shert.

In the ende of this moneth was sent into England the Cardinalles hat,* 15.3 & receaued by gentelmen of Kent, & brought to London with suche triumphe as though the greatest prince of Christendō had bene come into the realme. And on a Sonday at s. Peters church at Westmynster he receaued the habite, hat, and piller, and other vaynglorious tryfles, apperteygnyng to the ordre of a Cardinall. And when he was once a perfite Cardinal, he loked then aboue all estates, so that all mē almost hated hym, and disdayned hym.

Then after the Parliamēt syr Edward pouninges laboured to be dis∣charged of y^e keping of the citie of Torney, for there he was euer sickly, and so he was discharged, & syr Williā blunt lorde Moūtioye was sent thether. And for Marshal there was apoynted syr Sāpson Nortō. And when the lord Mountioye was come thether, & syr Sampson Norton, there happened such a ryot that the citie was in great ieopardy, y^e very cause was vnknowen, but all the souldiours, except such as were of the kynges garde rebelled, & put the lord Moūtioye in ieopardy of his life. And in cōclusion to appease the people, syr Sāpson Nortō was banis∣shed the toune for euer. And after the citie was appeased, & euery thing thought to be forgottē, diuerse were executed, & diuerse banished y^• toun and some fled & were banyshed bothe England and the toune.

After the Parliamēt was ended, the kyng kept a solēpne Christmas at his maner of Elthā, & on the .xii. night in the hal was made a goodly castel, wōderously set out, & in it certeyn ladyes & knyghtes, & when the kyng & quene were set, in came other knightes, & assailed the castel wher many a good strype was geuen, & at the last, the assaylantes were beatē awaye. And then issued out knightes and ladies out of the castel, which ladyes were ryche & straungely disguysed, for all theyr apparel was in braydes of gold, fret with mouing spangels, syluer and gilt, set on Cry∣mosyn

satten lose and not fastened: the mens apparell of thesame suyte made lyke Iulys of Hungary, and the ladyes heddes & bodyes were after the fassion of Amsterdam. And when the daunsing was done▪ the banquet was serued in of .ii.C. dyshes, with great plēty to euery body.

This yere was the new league betwene the kyng & the French kyng openly Proclaymed thorough the cytie of London with a trōpet. This yere also, Margaret quene of the Scottes, wife to Iames the .iiii. slain at Bramston the .v. yere of the kyng, & elder syster to the kyng, after the death of her late husband maried Archibald Douglas erle of Angus, without the kyng her brothers assent, or the coūsail of Scotlād, for the whiche he was not wel cōtent. But after that, there fell such a stryfe be∣twene the lordes of Scotlād, that she & her husband lyke banished per∣sones came into England, & wrote to the kyng for mercy & cōfort. The kyng euer enclyned to mercy, sent theim apparell, vessell & all thynges necessary, willyng them to lye still in Northumberland, till they knewe farther of his pleasure: And so they laye still at Harbotell, & the quene was there deliuered of a fayre lady called Margaret, and all the coun∣trey were commaunded by the kyng to do them pleasour.

This yere the .xviii. of February, at Grenewyche was borne a fayre prynces and christened with great solempnitie, and named Mary.

This yere dyed the kyng of Arragon father to the quene, for whome was kept a solempne obsequy in the Cathedral churche of Paules.

¶The .viii. yere.

YE haue harde the laste yere how the quene of Scottes w^t her husband was come for succour into Englād, & laye at Harbottell in Northumberland, tyll the kynges pleasure was to send for thē. So he, lyke a natural brother sent for her & her husbande to come to his courte for their solace. For the which kyndnes the erle Hūbly thanked the kyng, & promised to geue his attendaūce on the quene hys wyfe to the Courte: wherupō the kyng sent William blacknall esquyer, clerck of hys Spycery with sil∣uer vessell, plate and other thynges necessary for the conueyaūce of her, and sent to her all maner of officiers for her estate cōuenyent. And whē she was ready to departe, she asked for her husband, but he was depar∣ted into Scotland, & left her alone, no thing remembringe his promes, which sodeyn departyng muche made her to muse: Howbeit, the lordes of England greatly encoraged her to kepe her promyse with the kynge her brother: & so after she was somewhat appeased▪ she set forward, & in euery toune she was wel receaued, & so on the .iii. day of May she made her entry into Lōdō, riding on a white palfreye (which y^e quene of Eng∣land had sent to her) behynde syr Thomas par richely besene, & w^t great cōpany of lordes & ladyes, she roade thoroughe the citie to Baynardes Castel, & frō thence she was cōueyghed to Grenewiche, & there receaued ioyously of the kyng, the quene, the Frēche quene her syster, and highly

was she feasted. And when the kyng hearde that the erle of Angus her husband was departed, he sayd, it was done lyke a Scot. This quene sometyme was at the courte, and sometyme at Baynardes castel, and so she contynued in Englande all this yere.

The kynge for the honour of his syster, the .xix. & .xx. daye of Maye prepared .ii. solēpne dayes of Iustes, & the kynge hym selfe, & the duke of Suffolke•• the erle of Essex, & Nicholas Carew esquyer, toke on them to aunswer all cōmers. The apparell of thē & their horses was blacke velu••t, couered all ouer with braūches of hony suckels of ••yne flat gold of dāmaske, of lose worke, euery lete of the braūche mouing, the embrou¦dery was very cōning & sumpteous. On the kyng was attēding in one ••uyte on horseback, the lord Marques dorset, the erle of Surrey, y^e lord Burga••••y, the lord Hastinges, syr Ihon pechy, y^e lord Ferreys, syr Wil∣liam Fitzwilliā, & .xii. other knyghtes, all these were in frockes of blewe veluet•• ga••ded with ryche cloth of golde, & their horse trappers of blew veluet, ••rynged with golde: And on foote were .xl. persons all in blewe sattyn, garded with clothe of golde. And so they entered the felde wyth ••rompettes, dro••siades and other myns••relsey.

Then in came the coūtreparte, richely appareled, to the nūber of .xii. & on that daye euery mā did wel, but the kyng did best, & so was adiud∣ged, and so at night they ceassed, and came to supper.

The kyng, the next day & his cōpany were appareyled horse & all in purple veluet, set ful of leaues of cloth of gold, engrayled with fyne flat gold of dāmaske, embroudered like to Rose leues, & euery lefe fastened to other with pointes of dāmaske gold, & on all their borders were let∣ters of gold, bullion. And on the kyng wayted .v. lordes .xiiii. knightes in frockes of yelow veluet, garded & boūde with riche clothe of golde, & xxx. gentelmē were in like apparel on fote, & .xl. officiers in yelow satyn ••dged with cloth of gold: Thus with great triūphe they entred y^e felde. Then the coūtrepartie entred, al clothed & barded in white sattyn, tra∣uersed w^t cloth of gold richely. This dai was many a great stripe geuē. The kyng & syr Williā kyngstō rāne together, which syr Williā was a strōg & a tall knight, & yet y^e king by strēgth ouerthrew him to y^e groūd. And after that y^e king & his aides had performed their courses, thei rāne volāt at al cōmers, which was a pleasaūt sight to se. And whē night ap∣proched, they all disarmed thē, and wēt to the quenes chāber, where was a great banket for the welcome of the quene of Scottes.

Thys moneth of May were sent out of England .xii.C. masons and Carpenters, & .iii.C. laborers to the citie of Torney: for the kyng & his coūsail, cōsidering y^• the garrison that was kept there, was chargeable, & therfore it was determined that there shoulde be buylded a Castel to chastice the citie if they rebelled, and to minyshe the garrison. And ther∣fore these workemen were sent thether, whiche this yere began a strong Castell, and wrought still on it.

This yere, by the Cardinall, were all men called to accompt that

had the occupiyng of the kynges money in the warres or els where, not to euery mans contentacion, for some were ••ound in arrerages, & some saued them selfes by pollecy & brybory, and waxed ryche, and some In∣nocentes were punyshed. And for a truthe he so punyshed periurye with open punyshment & open papers werynge, that in his tyme it was lesse vsed. He punyshed also lordes, knyghtes, and men of all sortes for ry∣ottes, beryng and mayntenaunce in their countreyes, that the poore mē lyued quyetly, so that no man durst beare for feare of imprisonement: but he hym selfe and his seruaūtes, which were well punyshed therfore. The poore people perceaued that he punished the ryche, then they com∣playned without number, and brought many an honest man to trouble and vexacion. And when the Cardinall at the last had perceaued theyr vntrue surmyses & fayned cōplaintes for the most parte, he then wexed wery of heryng their causes, & ordeyned by the kynges cōmissiō, diuerse vnder courtes to here cōplaintes by byll of poore people. The one was kept in the white hall, the other before the kynges Almoner doctor Sto¦kes••ey, a mā y^• had more learning, then discreciō to be a iudge. The third was kept in lord treasourers chāber besyde the starre chāber, & y^• .iiii at the rolles at after noone. These courtes were greatly haunted for a tyme, but at y^• last y^• people perceaued y^• muche delay was vsed in these courtes, & few matters ended, & when they were ended, they boūd no mā by the law, then euery mā was wery of thē & resorted to the cōmō lawe.

In the moneth of October came into England Mathew bishop of Sedonō & Cardinal, called cōmonly the Cardinal of Swyshes, frō the Emperour Maximiliā. This Cardinal was a wise mā & of great bolde¦nes, & was wel entreteyned in the courte & of y^e king. And at his cōtēpla¦cion & for olde loue, y^e king lēt to y^e Emperour Maximiliā a great sūme of money: wherof y^e cōpany of Friscobalde, & Antony Caueler Geneuoy vndertoke thexchāge, but thei payed not y^e Emperour at his day, not w^t∣stāding thei had receaued y^e money of y^e king. This Friscobald & Antho¦ny Caueler by meanes of rewardes, geuē to great lordes of the coūsaill borowed of y^• king .xxx.M.••. & had lōg dayes for the paymēt: but Fris∣cobald was shortely cōsumed, & Anthony Caueler coulde not be sene, & so y^• kīg was not payd at his dayes, & many English merchaūtes were by these mē vndone, for they spent liberally of euery mans goodes.

This yere the king kept his Christmas at his maner of Grenewiche, & on the .xii. night, according to the old custome, he & the quene came in∣to the hall, & when they were set, & the quene of Scottes also, there en∣tred into the hall a Gardeyn artificial, called the Gardeyn of Esperāce. This Gardeyn was towred at euery corner, & rayled w^t rayles gilt, al y^• bākes were set w^t floures artificial of silke & golde, y^• leues cut of grene sattyn, so y^• they semed very floures. In y^• middest of this Gardeyn was a piller of antique worke, al golde set w^t perle & stone, & on the toppe of the piller, which was .vi. square, was a louer or an arche embowed, crou¦ned with golde: within which stoode a bushe of Roses red & white, all of

sylke and golde•• & a bushe of Pomegranates of lyke stuf. In this gar∣dey•• walked .vi. knyghtes and .vi. ladyes richely appareyled, and then they discended and daunsed many goodly daunses, & so ascended y^e gar∣deyn agayn and were conueighed oute of the hall, and then the kynge was serued of a great banket. After this Christmas, the kyng exercised him self muche in hawkynge.

In this ceason, the Genowayes, Frenchemen and other straungiers say••e and boasted them selfes to be in suche fauour with the kyng and hys counsayll, that they set naughte by the rulers of the citie: and the multitude of ••••raungers was so great aboute London, that the poore Englishe artificers coulde skace get any lyuynge: And moost of all the straungers were so proude, that they dis••ayned, mocked and oppres¦sed the Englishemen, whiche was the beginnynge of the grudge. For amonge all other thynges, there was a Carpenter in London called Willyan•• son, whiche bought two stockdoues in Chepe, and as he was abou••e to paye for them, a Frencheman tooke them oute of hys hande, and sayde they were not meate for a carpenter: well sayde the English∣man I haue bought them and now payd for them, and therefore I will haue them, naye sayde the Frencheman I will haue theim for my lorde the Ambassador, and so for better or worse, the Frencheman called the Englisheman knaue, and went awaye with the stockdoues. The straungiers came to the Frenche Ambassadour, & surmysed a cōplaynt agaynste the poore carpenter, and the Ambassadour came to my lorde Mayre, and sayde so muche, that the carpenter was sent to pryson: and yet not contented with this, so complayned to the kynges counsail, that the kynges commaund ement was layde on hym. And when syr Ihon Baker knyght and other worshipfull persones sued too the Ambassa∣dour for hym,* 15.4 he aūswered, by the body of God that the English knaue shoulde lose his lyfe, for he sayde no Englisheman shoulde deny that the Frenchemen required, and other aunswer had they none.

Also a Frencheman that had slayne a man, should abiure the realme & had a crosse in his hande, & then sodeinly came a great sorte of Frēch∣men aboute him, & one of them sayde to the Constable that led hym, syr is this crosse the price to kyll an Englishman. The Cōstable was som∣what astonyed and aunswered not. Then sayde another Frencheman, on that pryce we woulde be banyshed all by the masse, thys saiyng was noted to be spoken spitefully. Howebeit, the Frenchemen were not alo∣nely oppressors of the Englishmen, for a Lombarde called Fraunces de bard, entised a mannes wyfe in Lombarde strete to come to his chā∣bre with her husbandes plate, whiche thynge she dyd. After when her husbande knewe it, he demaunded hys wyfe, but aunswer was made he shoulde not haue her, then he demaunded his plate, and in lyke maner aunswer was made that he shoulde neither haue plate nor wyfe. And whē he had sewed an accion agaynste the straunger in the Guylde hall, the straunger so faced the Englisheman, that he faynted in hys sute.

And then the Lombarde arrested the poore man for his wyfes boorde, while he kept her frō her husbād in his chāber. This mocke was much noted, and for these and many other oppressions done by them, there en∣creased suche a malice in the Englishe mennes hartes, that at the laste it brast oute. For amongest other that sore grudged at these matters, there was a broker in London called Ihon Lyncoln, whiche wrote a bill before Easter, desyring doctor Standyche at hys sermon at sainct Marye Spyttell the Mondaye in Easter weke, too moue the Mayre and Aldermen, to take parte with the comminaltie agaynst the straun∣giers: The doctor aunswered that it became not hym too moue anye suche thynge in a sermon. From hym he departed, and came to a Cha¦non in sayncte Mary spittell, a doctor in Deuinitie, called doctor Bele, and lamentably declared to hym, howe miserably the common artifi∣cers lyued, and skase coulde get any woorke to fynde them, their wyfes and chyldren, for there were such a nūber of artificers straungers, that tooke awaye all the lyuynge in maner. And also howe the Englishe merchauntes coulde haue no vtteraunce, for the merchaunt s••raungers brynge in all Sylkes, clothe of Golde, Wyne, Oyle, Iron and suche other merchaundise, that no man almoost byeth of an Englisheman.

And also outwarde, they carye so muche Englishe Wolle, Tynne, and Leade, that Englishmen that auenture outwarde can haue no lyuyng: Whiche thynges sayd Lyncoln hathe bene shewed to the counsayll▪ & cannot be heard. And farther sayde he, the straungiers compasse the cytye rounde aboute, in Southwarke, in Westmynster, Temple barre, Holborne, Sayncte Martynes, Sayncte Ihons•• strete, Algate, Towre hyll, and sayncte Katherynes, and forstall the market▪ so that no good thynge for them commeth to the market: whiche is the cause that En∣glishemen want and sterue, and thei lyue haboundantly in great plea∣soure. Wherefore sayde Lyncolne master doctor, syth you were borne in Lōdon, & se the oppression of the straūgers, & the great misery of your awne natyue countray, exhorte all the cytiezens to ioyne in one agaynst these straungers, raueners and destroyers of your countrey. Master doctor hearynge thys, sayde he muche lamented the case if it were as Lyncoln hadde declared, yes sayde Lyncolne, that it is and muche more, for the Dutchemē bryng ouer Iron, Tymber, lether and Weyns∣kot ready wrought, as Nayles, Lockes, Baskettes, Cupbordes, Stoo∣les, Tables, Ches••es, gy••dels, with poyntes, sadel••es & painted clothes so that if it were wrought here, Englishmen might haue some worke & lyuynge by it. And besyde this, they growe into such a multitude that it is to be looked vpon, for I sawe on a Sondaye this Lent .vi.C. straū∣giers shotyng at y^• Popyngaye with Crosoowes, and they kepe such as∣semblyes and fraternities together, & make such a gathering to their cō¦mon boxe, that euery botcher will holde plee with the citye of Lōdō: wel sayd the doctor, I will do for a reformacion of this matter asmuche as a priest may do, & so receaued Lincolnes byl & studyed for his purpose.

Then Lyncoln very ioyous of hys enterprice went from man to man, saiyng that shortly they shoulde heare newes, and daily excited younge people and artificers to beare malice to the s••raungiers. When Ester came and doctor Bele should preache the Twesdaye in Ester weke, he came into the pulpit, and there declared that to him was brought a pi∣tiful bill, and red it in thys wyse. To al you the worshipful lordes and masters of this citie, that wil take cōpassion ouer the poore people your neyghbours, and also of the great importable hurtes, losses, and hyn∣deraunces, whereof procedeth the extreme pouertie too all the kynges subiectes that inhabite within this citie and suburbes of thesame, for so it is that the alyens and straūgiers eate the bread from the poore fa∣therles chyldren, and take the liuynge from all the artificers, and the entercourse from all merchauntes, wherby pouertie is so muche encrea∣sed that euery man bewaileth the misery of other, for craftes mē be bro∣ught to beggery and merchauntes to nedynes: wherefore the premisses considred, the redresse must be of the commons, knyt and vnyte to one parte, and as the hurt and dammage greueth all men, so muste all men set to their willyng power for remedy, and not to suffre thesayd alyens so highly in their wealth, and the naturall borne men of his region too come to confusion. Of this letter was more, but the doctor red no far∣ther, and then he began Coelum coeli domino, terram autem dedit fil••s ho¦minum, and vpon thys text he intreated, that this lande was geuen too Englishemen, and as byrdes woulde defende their nest, so oughte En∣glishemen to cheryshe and defende them selfes, and to hurte and greue aliens for the common weale. And vpon this text pugna pro patria, he brought in, howe by Goddes lawe it was lawfull to fight for their coū∣trey, and euer he subtellye moued the people to rebell agaynst the straū¦giers, and breake the kynges peace, nothynge regardynge the league betwene princes and the kynges honoure. Of this Sermon many a light person tooke courage, and openly spake against straungiers.

And as the deuell woulde, the Sundaye after at Grenewiche in y^• kyn∣ges gallery was Fraunces de bard, whiche as you harde kept an En∣glishe mans wyfe and his goodes, and yet he coulde haue no remedy, & with him were Domyngo, Anthony Caueler, and many mo straūgers, and ther they talkynge with syr Thomas Palmer knyght, Iested and laughed howe that Fraunces kepte the Englishemans wyfe, saiynge y^• if they had the Mayres wife of London, they woulde kepe her: syr Tho¦mas sayd, Sirs you haue to muche fauour in Englande. There were diuerse Englishe merchauntes by, and harde them laugh and were not content, in somuche as one William bolt a Marcer sayd, wel you who∣••eson Lombardes, you reioyse and laugh, by the masse we will one daye haue a daye at you, come when it will, and that saiynge the other mer∣chauntes affirmed. This tale was reported aboute London, and the younge and euell disposed people sayde, they woulde be reuenged on the merchaunt straungiers, as well as on the artificers straungiers.

On Monday the morow after, the kyng remoued to hys maner of Ry∣chemonde.

¶The .ix. yere.

VPon this rumour the .xxviii. daye of Aprill, diuerse yoūge men of the citie assauted the Alyens as they passed by the stretes, and some were strikē, & some buffeted, & some thro∣wen in the canel. Wherfore the Mayre sent diuerse persōs to ward, as Stephyn Studley skynner, and Bettes and Stephenson & diuerse other, some to one coūter, & some to another, and some to Newgate. Then sodeynly was a cōmen secret rumour, & no mā could tell how it began, that on May daye next, the citie would rebell & slaye all Aliens, in somuche as diuerse straungers fled oute of the citie. This brute ranne so farre that it came to the kynges coūsayl, insomuch as the Cardinall beyng lord Chaūcelour, sent for Ihon Rest Mayre of the citie, and other of the counsail of the citie, & demaūded of the Mayre in what case the citie stode, to whome he aunswered that it was wel & in good quyet: Nay sayd the Cardinal, it is informed vs that your yoūg and ryotous people will ryse & distresse the straungiers, heare ye of no such thing? No surely sayd the Mayre, & I trust so to gouerne thē that the kynges peace shalbe obserued, & that I dare vndertake if I & my brethren the Aldermen may be suffered. Wel sayd y^e Cardi••al, go ho••e & wisely forsee this matter, for & if any suche thing be▪ 〈…〉〈…〉 preuent it. The Mayre came from the Cardinals at 〈…〉〈…〉 after none on May euen, & demaūded of the officiers what they 〈◊〉〈◊〉▪ diuerse of thē aunswered that the voyce of the people was so, & had ben so .ii. or .iii. dayes before. This heryng the Mayre ••ent for al his brethrē to the Guylde hall in great hast, & almost .vii. of the clocke or the assem∣ble wasset. Then was declared to thē by Master brooke y^• recorder how that the kynges coūsail had reported to thē y^• the cōminaltie that night would ryse, & distresse all the Aliēs & straungers y^t inhabited in the citie of Lōdon: the Aldermē aūswered they harde say so, but they mistrusted not the matter, but yet they sayd that it was wel done to forsee it. Then sayd the recorder, it were best that a substācial watche were set of honest persons, housholders, whiche might withstand the euell doers. An Al∣derman sayde, that it was euell to rayse men in harneys, for if suche a thinge were entended, they coulde not tell who woulde take their parte. Another Alderman sayd, that it were best to kepe the younge men ason∣der, and euery man to shut in hys doores, and to kepe hys seruauntes within. Then with these opinions was the Recorder sent to y^e Cardinal before .viii. of the clocke, and then he with suche as were of the kynges counsaill at hys place, commaūded that in no wyse watche shoulde be kept, but that euery man shoulde repayre to hys awne house, and there to kepe hym and hys seruauntes tyl .vii. of the clocke of the mornynge: with whiche commaundement, the sayde Rycharde brooke serge••unt at

the lawe and recorder, and lyr Thomas Moore, late vndershrife of Lō¦don, & then of the kynges coūsaill, came to the Guy••de hall halfe houre and before .ix. of the clocke, and there shewed the commaundemēt of the kynges counsayl. Then in all hast, euery Alderman sent to his warde that no man should styrre after .ix. of the clocke out of his house,* 15.5 but to kepe hys doores shut, and hys seruauntes within tyll .vii. of the clocke in the mornynge. After this commaundement, syr Ihon Mondy Alder∣man came from hys warde, and founde two young men in Chepe plai∣ynge at Buckelers, and a great company of young men lokynge on thē for the commaundement was then skace knowen, for then it was but .ix of the clocke. Master Mo••dy seyng that, bade them leaue, and the one younge man asked hym why? and then he sayd thou shalt know, & toke hym by the arme to haue had him to the counter. Then all the yoūg mē resisted the Alderman, & toke him from master Mondy, and cryed pren∣tyses and clubbes. Then out at euery doore came clubbes and weapōs and the Alderman fled, and was in great daung••er. Then more people arose out of euery quarter, and oute came seruynge men, and water men and Courtiers, and by a .xi, of the clocke there were in Chepe .vi. or .vii. hundreth. And oute of Paules churcheyarde came .iii. hundreth, which wist not of the other, and so out of all places they gathered, and brake vp the counters, and tooke out the prisoners, that the Mayre had the∣ther committed for hurtynge of the straungers, and came to Newgate and tooke out Studley and Petyr, committed thether for that cause. The Mayre and Shrifes were there present, and made Proclamaciō in the kynges name, but nothynge was obeyed. Thus they ranne a plump thorow sainct Nycholas Shābles, & at saynct Martyns gate, there met with them syr Thomas Moore and other, desyrynge theym to go to their lodgynges: And as they were intreatyng, and had almost brought them to a staye. The people of ••aynct Martynes threwe oute stones and battes, and hurte dyuerse honest persones, that were per∣suadynge the ryotous people to ceasse, and they bade them holde their handes, but still they threwe oute bryckes and hoate water. Then a ser∣geaunt of Armes called Nycholas dounes, whiche was there with ma∣ster Moore, entreatynge them, beynge sore hurt, in a fury cryed doune with them. Then all the misruled persons ranne to the dores and wyn∣dowes of saynct Martyn, and spoyled all that they founde, and caste it into the strete, and lefte fewe houses vnspoyled. And after that they ranne hedlynge into Cornehill by Leaden hal, to the house of one Mu∣tuas a Frencheman or Pycarde borne, whiche was a greate bearer of Frenchemen, were they pyckpursses, or howe euell disposicion soeuer they were of, and within hys gate, called Grenegate, dwelled dyuerse Frenchmen that kalendred Worsted, contrary to the kynges lawes: & all they were so borne out by thesame Mutuas, y^t no mā durst medle w^t them, wherfore he was sore hated, & if the people had found him in their

fury, they would haue striken of his head: but whē they foūd hym not, the water men, & certayn young priestes that were there fell to rif••ynge: some ranne to Blāchechapelton, & brake the straūgers houses, & threwe shooes and bootes into the strete: This from .x. or .xi. of the clocke, con∣tinued these ryotous people, durynge, whiche cyme a knight called syr Thomas parr, in great hast went to the Cardinall & tolde him of thys ryot, which incōtinent strengthened his house with men & ordinaunce. And after, this knight roade to the kyng to Richemōd, & made y^e report much more then it was: Wherfore the king hastely sent to Lōdō, & was truly aduertised of the matter, & how that the ryot was ceassed, & many of the doers apprehēded. But while this ruffling cōtinued, syr Richard Cholmeley knyght, Lieutenaūt of the Towre, no great frende co the ci∣tie, in a frantyke fury losed certayn peces of ordinaunce, & shot into y^• citie, whiche did litle harme, howbeit his good wil apered. About .iii. of the clocke, these ryotous persons seuered and went to their places of re∣sorte, & by the waye they were taken by the Mayre and the heddes of y^• citie, and some sent to the Towre, and some to Newgate, and some to the Counters, to the number of .iii.C. some fled, and specially the watermen and priestes, & seruyng men, but the poore prentises were taken. About fyue of the clocke, the erles of Shrewesbury and Surrey, whiche had harde of this ryot, came to London with suche strength as they had, so dyd the Innes of court, and diuerse noble men: but or they came, all the ryot was ceased, and many taken as you haue heard.

Then were the prisoners examined, & the sermon of docter Bele cal∣led to remembraunce, and he taken & sent to the Towre, & so was Ihon Lyncoln: but with this ryot the Cardinall was sore displeased. Then y^• iiii. day of May was an Oyer & determiner at Londō before y^• Mayre, the duke of Norffolke, the erle of Surrey and other. The citie thought that the duke bare them grudge for a lewde priest of his, which the yere before was slayn in Chepe, in so much the duke then in his fury sayd, I pray God I may once haue the citezēs in my daungier: & the duke also thought that they bare him no good wil, wherfore he came into the citie w^tith .xiii.C. men in harneys to kepe the Oyer & determiner. And vpō examinaciō it could neuer be proued of any metyng, gathering, talking or conuenticle at any daye or tyme before y^• day, but that the chaūce so happened w^tout any matter prepensed of any creature sauing Lyncoln & neuer an honest person in maner was taken but onely he. Then Pro∣clamacions were made that no womē shoulde come together to bable & talke, but all men should kepe their wyues in their houses. All the stre∣tes y^• were notable stode ful of harnessed men, which spake many oppro∣brious wordes to the citezens, which greued them sore: & if they woulde haue bene reuenged, the other had had the worsse, for the citezēs were .ii.C. to one: but lyke true subiectes they suffred paciently.

When the lordes were set, the prisoners were brought in thorough y^• stretes tyed in ropes, some men, some laddes, some chyldren of .xiii. yere.

There was a great mourning of fathers & frendes for their chyldren & kyn••••olke. Emong the prisoners many were not of the citie, some were priestes, and some husbandmen & laborers, the whole some of the priso∣ners were•• 〈◊〉〈◊〉.C.lxxviii. persons. The cause of the treason was, because the kyng had amitie with all Christen prynces, that they had brokē the tru•••• & league, cōtrary to the statute of kyng Hēry the .v. Of this treasō diuerse were endited, & so for y^t tyme, the lordes departed. And the next day the duke came agayn, & the erle of Surrey with .ii.M. armed men, which kept the stretes. Whē the Mayre, the duke, & y^• erle of Shrews∣bury & Surrey were set, the prisoners were arreigned, and .xiii. founde giltye of high treason, & adiudged to be hanged, drawen & quartered, & for execucion wherof, were set vp .xi. payre of galowes in diuerse places where the offences were done, as at Algate, at Blāchechapel••ō, Graci∣ous strete, Leadē hal, & before euery coūter one, & at Newgate, at s. Mar¦teus, at Aldrisgate, at Bishopsgate. This sight sore greued the people to se galowes set in the kynges chāber. Then were y^e prysoners y^• were iudged brought to the places of execuciō, & executed in most rygorous maner, for the lord Edmōd haward sonne to the duke of Northfolke, & knight Mershal shewed no mercy, but extreme cruelty to the poore yō∣gelinges in their execuciō, & likewise the dukes seruaūtes spake many opprobrious wordes, some bad hāge, some bad drawe, some bad set the citie on fy••••, but all was suffred.

On Thursday the .vii. day of May was Lyncoln, Shyrwyn, & two brethrē called Bets, and diuerse other adiudged to dye. Then Lyncoln said▪ my lordes, I meant wel, for & you knew the mischief that is ensued in this realme by straūgers, you would remedy it, & many tymes I ha∣ue cōplayned, & then I was called a busy felow: now our lord haue mer∣cy on me. Then all thesayd persons were layd on the hardels, & drawen to the standarde in Chepe, & first was Ihon Lyncoln executed, & as the other had the rope about their neckes, there came a commaūdemēt frō the kyng to respite execucion. Then the people cryed, God saue y^e king. Then was the Oyer and determiner deferred tyll another daye, and the prisoners sent agayn to warde, and the harnessed men departed oute of London, and all thynges quyet.

The .xi. daye of Maye the kynge came to his maner of Grenewiche, where the recorder of London & diuerse Aldermen came to speake with his grace, and al ware gounes of black coloure. And when they percea∣••ed the king comming out of his priuie chambre into his chābre of pre∣sence, they kneled doune, & y^e recorder sayd: Our most natural, beninge and souereigne lorde, we knowe well that your grace is displeased with vs of your citie of Lōdon for the great ryot late done: we assertein your grace that none of vs, nor no honest person were condesendynge to that enormitie, and yet we, oure wyfes and chyldrē euery houre lament that your fauour shoulde be taken from vs, and forasmuche as light & ydle persones were the doers of thesame, we moost hūbly beseche your grace

to haue mercy of vs for our negligence, & compassion of the offendours for their offence and trespasse.

Truly sayd the kyng, you haue highly displeased and offended vs, & ye oughte to wayle and be sory for thesame, and where ye saye that you the substanciall persons were not concentyng to thesame, it appereth to the contrary, for you neuer moued to let theim, nor sturred once to fight with theim, whiche you saye were so small a numbre of light persones, wherefore we must thynke, and you cannot deny, but you dyd wyncke at the matter, but at this tyme we will graunt to you neither our fauor nor good will, nor to thoffenders mercy, but resort to the Cardinall our lord Chaūcelour, & he shal make you an answer & declare our pleasure, and with this answer y^e lōdoners departed & made relaciō to y^• Maior▪

The .xviii. day of this moneth the quene of Scottes, which had bene at the Courte and at Baynardes Castell, a whole yere at the kynges charge, and was richely apoynted of all thinges mete to her estate, both of Iewells, plate, tapissry, Arras, Coyne, Horsses, and all other thinges of the kynges gift & liberalitie, departed out of London toward Scot∣land with great ryches, albeit she came into Englande with muche po∣uertie, and she entred into Scotland the .xiii. daye of Iuyn, whome her husband receaued at Berwick: but the Englishmen smally him regar∣ded. All her charges within the realme, comminge to the courte & retur∣nynge, were of the kynges pursse.

Thursdaye the .xxii. day of May the kynge came into Westmynster hall, for whome at the vpper ende was set a clothe of estate, & the place hanged with Arras, with him was the Cardinal, the dukes of North∣folke & Suffolke, y^e erles of Shrewsbury, fo Essex & Wilshyre, of Sur∣rey, with many lordes & other of the kinges coūsail. The Mayre & Al∣dermē, & al the chief of the citie were there in their best liuery (according as the Cardinal had thē apoynted) by .ix. of the clock. Then the kynge cōmaunded y^• all the prisoners should be brought foorth. Then came in the poore yoūglinges & olde false knaues boūde in ropes all along, one after another in their shertes, & euery one a halter about his neck, to the nūber of .iiii.C. mē & .xi. womē. And whē all were come before y^• kinges presence, the Cardinal sore laied to the Mayre & cōminaltie their negli∣gēce, & to the prisoners he declared y^• they had deserued death for their offence: Then al the prisoners together cryed mercy gracious lord, mer∣cy. Then the lordes altogether besought his grace or mercy, at whose re¦quest the kyng pardoned thē al. And then the Cardinal gaue vnto thē a good exhortacion to the great gladnes of the herers. And whē the gene∣rall pardō was pronoūced, all y^e prisoners shouted atonce, & altogether cast vp their halters into y^• hall roffe, so y^• the kyng might perceaue they were none of the discretest sorte. Here is to be noted y^• diuerse offenders which were not takē, hering y^• king was inclined to mercy, came wel appareled to Westmynster, & sodeynly stryped thē into their shertes w^t halters, & came in emōg the prisoners willingly, to be partakers of the

kynges pardon, by the whiche doyng, it was well knowen that one Ihō Gelson yoman of the Croune, was the first that began to spoyle, and ex∣horted other to dooe thesame, and because he fled and was not taken, he came in the rope with the other prisoners, and so had his pardon. This compaignie was after called the blacke Wagon. Then were all the ga∣lowes within the citee taken doune, and many a good praier saied ••or the kyng, and the citezens toke more hede to their seruauntes.

In I••ne the kyng had with hym diuerse Ambassadors, for solace of whom he prepared a costly Iustes, he hymself and .xii. against the duke of Suffolk and other .xii. his base and bard was the one halfe clothe of siluer, and the other halfe blacke Tinsell. On the siluer was a curious lose worke of white veluet embraudered with Golde, cut on the Siluer and euery cut engrailed with golde, so that that side was golde, Siluer and veluet. On the blacke tynsell side was blacke veluet embraudered with golde and cut and euery cut was engrayled with flat gold of Da∣maske. The base and barde were broudered with greate letters of massy golde Bullion, full of pearles and stones, merueilous riche: al his com∣paignie wer in like suite, sauyng that thei had no iuelles. The kyng had on his hed a ladies sleue full of Diamondes. On the kyng attended gē∣tlemen, Armourers, and other officiers to the nomber of .Cxxv. persones all in white Ueluet and white Sattyn, horse and harneis for horsemen, Cappes and Hosen for footemen, all white at the kinges cost. This roy∣ally the kyng & his compaignie with his waiters came to the tiltes ende

Then entered the Duke of Suffolke with the Marques Dorcet, the Erles of Essex and Surrey, and .viii. other of his bande, in bardes and bases of white Ueluet & crimosin sattin losenged, set full of letters of. C. M. of gold, ••or Charles & Mary, and thei toke the other ende of the tilt. Then the Trompettes blewe, and the Kyng and the Duke ranne fierce∣ly together, and brake many speres, and so did all the other, that it was harde to saie who did best: but when the courses were ronne, thei ranne volant one at another, so that bothe by the reporte of sir Edwarde Gyl∣forde Master of the Armury, and also of the Iudges and Heraldes, at these Iustes wer broken fiue hūdred and sixe speres: and then the kyng thesame night made to the Ambassadors a sumpteous banket, with ma∣ny ridelles and muche pastyme.

After this greate triumphe, the kyng appointed his gestes for his pa∣styme this Sommer, but sodeinly there came a plague of sickenes, cal∣led the Swetyng sickenes, that turned all his purpose. This malady was so cruell that it killed some within three houres, some within twoo houres, some mery at diner and dedde at supper. Many died in the kyn∣ges Courte, the Lorde Clinton, the Lorde Grey of Wilton, and many knightes, Gentlemen and officiers. For this plague Mighelmas terme was adiourned and because that this malady continued from Iuly to the middes of December, the kyng kept hymself euer with a small com¦paignie, and kept no solempne Christmas, willyng to haue no resort for

feare of infeccion: but muche lamented the nomber of his people, for in some one toune halfe the people died, and in some other toune the thirde parte, the Sweate was so feruent and infeccious.

¶The .x. yere.

IN the beginnyng of this yere,* 15.6 Trinite terme was begon at Oxenford, where it continued but one day, and was again adiourned to Westminster. This yere came to Calice frō Pope Leo, a legate de latere, called Laurence Campeius, commonly called the Cardinall Campeius, for to exhorte the kyng to make warre on the Turke. And likewise thesaied Leo sent iii. other legates furth, at that tyme for thesaid purpose, one into Fraūce another into Spain, and the third into Germany.

When the Cardinall of Yorke knewe, that there was commyng a le∣gate into Englande, whiche should haue a greater preheminence then a Cardinall, he whose ambicion was neuer satisfied, caused a Bisshoppe and certain Docters to passe the Sea to Calice to welcome hym, and to shewe hym that if he would haue the Popes purpose, to take any effecte in Englande, he should in any wise sende in poste to Rome, to haue the∣saied Cardinall of Yorke to be legate also, and to be ioyned in commis∣sion with hym, whiche thyng was doen, (not without good rewardes) so that in thirtie and fiue daies, the bull was broughte to Calice. Duryng whiche tyme the Cardinall of Yorke sent to the Legate to Calice, redde cloth to clothe his seruauntes, whiche at their commyng to Calice, were but meanely appareled. And when all thynges were ready, he passed the sea and landed at Douer, and so kept furthe his iorney toward Londō. At euery toune as thei passed▪ he was receiued with Procession, and ac∣compaignied with all the Lordes and gentlemen of Kent. And when he came to Black heth, there met hym the Duke of Norffolke, with a great nomber of prelates, knightes and gentlemen, all richely appareled. And in the waie he was brought into a riche tente of clothe of golde, where he shifted hymself into a robe of a Cardinall, edged with Ermyns, and so toke his Moyle ridyng toward London.

The night before he came to London, the Cardinall of Yorke, to fur∣nishe the carriages of the Cardinall Campeius, sent to hym twelue mu∣lettes with emptie Cofers couered with redde, whiche twelue Mulettes wer led through London, emongest the Mulettes of Campeius, whiche were but eight and so these .xx. Mulettes passed through the stretes, as though thei had been full of treasures, apparell, and other necessaries. And when thei came into Chepe, one of the Mulettes brake from her keper, and ouerthrewe the Chestes, and ouerturned twoo or three other Mulettes cariages, whiche fell with suche a violence, that diuerse of theim vnlocked, and out of some fell olde Hosen, broken Shoen, and roasted Fleshe, peces of Breade, Egges and muche vile baggage: at whiche sight•• the Boyes cryed, see, see my Lorde Legates threasure,

and so the Muleters wer ashamed, and tooke vp all their stuffe & passed furth. And about thre of the clock at after none on the .xxix. day of Iuly thesaid legate entred the cite, & in Sothwarke met hym all the clergie of London, with crosses sensers & copes & sensed him with great reuerence. The Maior and Aldermen, and all the occupacions of the citee in their best liueries stode in the stretes, & hym highly honored: to whō sir Tho∣mas More made a brief oraciō in the name of the citee. And whē he cam to Paules, ther he was receiued by bishops mitred, and vnder a canapy entred the churche: whiche canapy his seruaūtes toke for their fees. And when he had offred, he gaue his benediccion to al the people, and toke a∣gain his mule, & so was with al his train aforsaid, conueighed to Bathe place▪ & there rested: where he was welcomed of the Cardinall of Yorke. And on Sondaie next ensuyng these twoo Cardinalles as legates, toke their barges & came to ••renewiche, eche of them had beside their crosses two pillers of siluer, two litle axes gilte, and two cloke bagges embrou∣dered, and the Cardinalles hattes borne before thē. And when thei came to the kynges hall, the Cardinall of Yorke went on the right hande: and there the kyng royally appareled and accompaignied, met them ••uen as though bothe had come from Rome, and so brought them bothe vp into his chamber of presence, and there was a solempne oracion made by an Italian, declaryng the cause of the legacy to be in twoo articles, one for aide against Gods enemies, and the second for reformacion of the Cler∣gie. And when Masse was doen, thei were had to a chamber, and serued with lordes and knightes, with muche solempnitie: and after dinner thei toke their leaue of the kyng and came to London, and rode through the citee together, in greate pompe and glory, to their lodgynges.

When the Cardinall of Yorke was thus a legate, he set vp a court, & called it the court of the legate, and proued testamētes, and hard causes to the great hinderaunce of all the bishops of the realme. He visited bis∣shopes and all the Clergie, exempt and not exempt, and vnder colour of reformacion he gat muche treasure, & nothyng was reformed, but came to more mis••hie••: for by exāple of his pride, priestes & all spiritual perso∣nes wexed so proude▪ that thei ware veluet, & silke, bothe in gounes, iac∣kettes▪ doblettes, & shoes, kept open lechery, and so highly bare thēselfes by reason of his aucthorities & faculties, that no mā durst once reproue any thyng in thē, for feare to bee called heretike, & then thei would make hym smoke or beare a faggot. And the Cardinall hymself was so elated that he thought hymself ••gall with the kyng: & when he had said Masse he made dukes & erl••s to ••••rue hym of wyne with a say taken, & to holde the ba••ō at the lauatories. Thus the pride & ambicion of the Cardinal & clergie was so high, y^• in maner al good persons abhorred & disde••••ed it.

This yere the French kyng wrote to the kyng of England▪ y^• if it wer his pleasure, he would send an ambassade into England, to cōmon with the kyng & his counsaill for the redemyng of the citee of Turney & other thynges: whiche answered the messenger, y^• the ambassade of the Frenche

kyngs should be right hartely welcome to him. And so the French king sent into England the lorde Boneuet, hygh Admyral of Fraunce, & the bishop of Parys as chiefe Ambassadors, accompanyed with many no∣ble men, & young freshe galātes of the courte of Fraunce, to the nūbre of lxxx. & more, & with them came a great nūbre of rascal & pedlers, & Iuel∣lers, and brought ouer hattes and cappes, and diuerse merchaūdise vn∣customed, all vnder the coloure of the trussery of the Ambassadours.

After that these noble men were landed at Douer, thei were receaued by the nobles and gentlemen of the countrey, and so conu••igh••d from lodgyng to lodgynge tyll they came to Blackheth, & before them went their cariages and people in great numbre, to the summe of .xii.C one & other, whiche was thought to be to many for an Ambassade. The••e gē∣tlemen of Fraunce were very freshe.

Monday the .xxvii. day of September, the erle of Surrey hygh Ad∣myrall of Englande, in a coate of riche tyssue cut on cloth of siluer, on a gr••at courser richely trapped, & a great whistell of gold, set with stones and perle, han••yng at a great and massy chayne baudryck wise, accom∣panyed with an .C.lx. gentlemen, rychely appareled, on goodly horsses came to blackheth, & there amiably receaued y^• Ambassadors of Fraūce. The yoūg gala••••es of Fraūce had coates garded with one colour, cut in .x. or .xii. partes very richely to beholde: & so al the Englishmē accou∣pled thē selues with the Frenchmen, louingly together, & so roade to Lō¦don. After the .ii. Admyrals folowed .xxiiii. of the Frēche kynges garde whome accompanyed .xxiiii. of the kynges garde. And after thē a great numbre of archers, to the nūbre of .iiii.C. And in this order they passed thorough the citie to Taylers hal, & there the chiefe Ambassadors were lodged, & the rēnaunt in marchaūtes houses about. When these lordes were in their lodgynges, then the Frēch harder mē opened their wares, & made the Taylers hal lyke to the paunde of a marte. At this doynge many an Englishmā grudged, but it auailed not. The last day of Sep∣tēber, the Frēch Ambassadors toke their barge, & came to Grenewiche. The Admyrall was in a goune of cloth of siluer raysed, furred with ry∣che Sables, & al his cōpany almost were in a new fassiō garmēt, called a Shemew, which was in effect a goune, cut in the middle. The gētlemē of Fraūce were brought to the kynges presence, wher the bishop of Pa∣rys made a solēpne oraciō: which beyng ended, & aūswer made therto, y^• kyng highly entreteyned the Admirall & hys company, and so dyd all the English lordes and gentlemen. The Ambassadours beyng dayly in counsail at Grenewiche, the other gentlemen daunced & passed the tyme in the quenes chābre with ladies & gentlewomen. After long coūsailing & muche desyring of the French kyng and his counsayll, it was agreed that the citie of Tourney should be deliuered to the Frenche kynge, he payenge .vi. hundred thousande crounes for the citie and .iiii. hundred thousand crounes for the Castell, the which y^e kyng had buylded, but it was not fully performed: & also he should pay .xxiii.M. l. Tourneys, y^•

whiche summe the citezens of the citie of Turney ought to the kyng of England for their liberties and fraunchises.

Upon these agremētes to be performed, it was cōcluded that y^• citye of Tourney should be deliuered to the French kyng. The Frenchmen y^• soner to come to their purpose, made a pretēce of mariage to be had be∣twene the Dolphyn, sonne & heyre to the Frēche kyng & the lady Mary the kynges daughter, which was agreed vpō this cōdicion, that if they both cōsented at lawful age, then to be ferme & stable, or els not: for thē they were both very young. And so all matters were concluded, and the erle of Worcester & the bishop of Ely apoynted to go into Fraunce for the deliuery of the citie of Tourney, and performyng of the other agre∣mentes. And for the sure payment of the summes of money to be payde to the kyng of England, vpō thesayd agrementes, there were .iiii. gen∣telmen of the realme of Fraunce, left in Englande for hostages: whose names were Mounsire Memorancy, Moūsire Monpesart, Mounsire Moy, Mounsire Morret. Of the which .iiii. the .ii. fyrst named were of noble blood, but the .ii. last were but of meane houses. And because they were yoūg, there was auncient gentlemē, apoynted gouernours to thē.

When all thinges were cōcluded & sealed, the kyng and all the Am∣bassadours richely appareled & the .ii. legates, roade solēply to y^• church of saynct Paul frō the bishop of Durhās place: & there was made frō the West doore to the quere doore of the churche egall with the highest step, a hautepace of tymber of .xii. fote broade, that the kyng & the Am∣bassadors might be sene. And there the Cardinall of Yorke sange hygh masse, & had hys cloth of estate of Tyssue: hys Cupboord set with basōs all gilt couered: his place was .v. steppes high. At the first lauatory, iii. Erles serued him, & at the secōd .ii. dukes & a Marques, & with the saye taken, they gaue hym wyne, & after water. And when masse was done, y^• Cardinal Campeius & he gaue to the people (as they sayd) cleane remis¦sion. And after that done, docter Pace the kynges secretory, a man very eloquent, made a goodly Oracion in prayse of peace: and that done, the kyng & all his nobles and Ambassadors went to the Bishops palace to dynner, where they were highly feasted. And after dynner, the kynge roade agayne to the bishop of Durhams place.

That night the Cardinal of Yorke made to the Ambassadors a so∣lempne bāket, & them accōpanyed many lordes & ladyes of Englande. And when the banket was done, in came .vi. mynstrels, richely disguy∣sed, & after them folowed .iii. gentelmen in wyde & lōg gounes of Cry∣mosyn sattyn, euery one hauing a cup of golde in theyr handes, the first cup was ful of Angels & royals, the second had diuerse bales of dyce, & the .iii. had certayn payres of Cardes. These gētlemē offred to playe at mōchaunce, & whē they had played y^• length of the first boorde, then the mynstrels blew vp, & then entred into the chābre .xii. ladyes disguysed, the fyrst was the kyng him selfe & the French quene, the secōd the duke of Suffolke, the lady Dawbeney, y^• lord Admiral & the lady Guyldford

syr Edward Neuel, and the lady Sentliger, syr Henry Guyldford and mastres Walden, Capitayn Emery, and mastres Anne Carew, 〈…〉〈…〉 Capel, & lady Elizabeth Carew, Nycholas Carew, & Anne broune, Fraunces Brian and Elizabeth blont, Henry Norrys & Anne wotton, Fraunces poyntz and Mary fyenes, Arthure poole & Margaret Bru∣ges. On this cōpany attended .xii. knightes disguysed▪ bearing ••orches all these .xxxvi. persons disguysed were in one suyte of fyne grene satyn all ouercouered with clothe of golde, vnder tyed together with laces of gold, & maskyng whoodes on their heddes: the ladyes had tyers made of braydes of dāmaske gold w^t long heres of whyte gold. All these mas∣kers daūced at one tyme, & after they had daunced, they put of their vi∣zers, & then they were all knowē. The Admyral & lordes of Fraūce har∣tely thanked the kyng that it pleased him to viset thē with such disport and then the kyng & his cōpany were banketed, & had high chere, & then they departed euery man to hys lodgynge.

The .viii. day of October at Grenewiche was song a solēpne masse by the bishop of Durhā, & after masse docter Tūstal master of the Rolles, which after was bishop of Londō, made an ••loquet preposiciō in praise of y^• matrimony to be had betwene the Dolphyn & the lady Mary: & all that day were y^e straūgers feasted, & at night thei were brought into the hall,* 15.7 where was a rock ful of al maner of stones, very artificially made, & on y^• top stood .v. trees, y^• first an Oliue tree, on which hāged a shild of y^e armes of the church of Rome: the .ii. a Pyneaple tree, w^t the armes of the Emperour: the .iii. a Rosyer w^t the armes of Englād: the .iiii. a braū∣che of Lylies, bearing y^• armes of Fraūce: & the .v. a Pomegranet tree, bearing y^e armes of Spayn: in tokē y^• all these .v. potētates were ioined together in one league against y^• enemies of Christes fayth. In, & vpon y^• middes of y^• Rock sate a fayre lady, richely appareyled w^t a Dolphin in her lap. In this Rock were ladies & gētelmē, appareled in Crimosyn sattyn, couered ouer w^t floures of purple satyn, embroudered on w^t wre thes of gold, knyt together with goldē laces, & on euery floure a hart of gold mouing. The ladies tyer was after y^• fassiō of Inde, w^t kerchiefes of pleasaūce, ha••h••d w^t fyne gold, & set with letters of Greke in golde of bulliō: & the edges of their kerchiefes were garnished w^t hāging perle. These gētlemē & ladyes sate on y^e neyther parte of the Rocke, & out of a caue in thesaid Rock came .x. knightes, armed at all poyntes, & faughte together a fayre tournay. And whē they were seuered & departed▪ y^• dis∣guysers dissended frō y^• rock & daūced a great space: & sodeynly y^• rocke moued & receaued y^e disguysers, & ymediatly closed agayn. Thē entred a person called Reaport, appareled in Crymosyn satyn ful of tōges sit∣ting on a flyēg horse w^t wynges & fete of gold called, Pegasus. Thys person in Frēche declared y^• meaning of y^e rocke & y^e trees & y^e Tournay.

After this pastyme ended, the kyng and the Ambassadours were ser∣ued at a bancket* 15.8 with .ii.C. & .lx. dyshes: & after that a voydee of spyces w^t .lx. spice plates of siluer & gilt, as great as mē with ease might beare.

This nyght the Cupboord in the hall was of .xii. stages all of place of 〈…〉〈…〉 pla••e. When that euery man had ben plenteou••y 〈…〉〈…〉 were taken vp, and the kynge and the quene and all the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 departed to their lodginges. After diuerse Iustes & 〈…〉〈…〉 Ambassadors by the kynge & lordes: Syr Thomas 〈…〉〈…〉 of Londō, made to them a costly dynner at the 〈…〉〈…〉 which dynner they highly praysed, it was so wel ordred.

And whē tyme came, they toke their leaue of the kyng, the quene and the kynges counsaill, & deliuered into the kynges possessiō their .iiii. ho∣stages as you haue harde before: at whiche departing the kyng gau•• to the Admyral of Fraūce a garnishe of gilt vessel, a payre of couered ba∣sons gilt▪ xii. great gilt bowles, iiii. payre of great gilt pottes, a stāding cup of gold, garnished w^t great perle: & to some other also, he gaue 〈◊〉〈◊〉 to some Cheynes of gold, to some riche apparel▪ & to some greate h••rses with ryche bardes, so y^• euery gentlemā was wel rewarded: which 〈◊〉〈◊〉 the straūgiers much praysed: & after y^• al their trusses were 〈◊〉〈◊〉 they departed toward the sea▪ & toke ship & laded at Boleyn.

Sone after their departing, the erle of Worcester, beyng the ky••ges chāberlayn. The bishop of Ely, the lord of s. Ihōs, syr 〈…〉〈…〉, syr Ihon p••••hy, syr Thomas bulleyn as Ambassadour•• 〈◊〉〈◊〉 the king of ••nglande, accompanied with .lxx. knightes & Gētlemen & yomē, to the nūber of .iiii.C. & aboue, passed the sea with some stormes, & came to Ca∣lys, & passed thorough Picardy with great & kynde entreteynmēt in all places, till they came to Parys, where they were nobly receaued, euery mā matched w^t a lyke pere: & after they were brought to y^• Frēche kyn∣ges presence, where y^• bishop of Ely made a solēpne oraciō, as cōcerning the mariage and the peace: he did it with suche a bolde spirite that the Frenchemen muche praysed his audacitie.

The cōclusiō of this peace was this, y^• Hēry kyng of Englād, Fraū∣ces kyng of Frenchemen, & Charles kynge of Castel had sworne a per∣petual peace, during their lyues. And if it should happen any of the .iii. to violate the league in any point and to moue warre: then the other .ii. should ioyne together, & make warre agaynst the violater or breaker of the peace.

After all thinges cōcluded, the Frēch king made a banket house in y^• bas••••il of Parys betwene .iiii. olde walles: this house was couered with coardes strayned by craft, & euery coarde was woūd aboute with boxe, & so layd crosse wise one ouer another in fret, & at the metynges a great knop gilt with gold foyle: Ouer their coardes was streyned wollen clothes of light blew: this roofe was .lxxx. fote high, & on euery side .iii. s••ages high: all the pillers of the stages were couered with antique wor¦kes, & the brestes of the stages curiously wrought with armes, fynettes & braūches: the roofe was set ful of starres gilt furnished with glasses betwene the fretes: & in this house was .ii.C.xii. braūches gilt hāged, & on euery braunche a great number of lightes of white waxe: & on euery

and diuers sortes of maskes were shewed that night: & also there was shewed at euery side of the palace a great Cupboord of massiue pla••e of muche greatnesse, and euer the Frenche kyng welcōmed the lordes and Ambassadours with good countenaunce. After diuerse feastes, iustes and bankettes made to the Englishe Ambassadours, the bishop of Ely with sir Thomas Bulleyn and sir Richard Weston were sent by the Frenche kyng to Konyack to see the dolphyn, where they were well re∣ceiued, and to theim was shewed a fayre young childe: & when they had seen him, they departed. The fame went that the Frenche kyng at that tyme had no sonne, but that this was but a colour of the Frenche kyng, howbeit it was proued other wise after.

In this ceason the Earle of Worcettre, and with him sir Nicholas Uaux, sir Ihō Pechy▪ sir Edward Belknap with many other knightes tooke their leaue of the Frenche kyng, & roade to Tourney, where they were well receiued. Then began the capitaines and the souldiours to mourne, knowyng that the toune should be yelded to the French kyng, and many a young gentleman, and many a tall yoman wished that thei had not spent ••heir tyme there. And the next day after, the sayd erle dis∣charged sir Richard Iernyngham of his office of capitaine & cōmaun∣ded euery man to be obedient to the kinges pleasure & to prepare to re∣turne into England. The .viii. day of February y^• lord Chatileon came nere to the citie of Tournay with .xxi. hundreth menne in harneys. The erle of Worcettre sent sir Edward Belknap to knowe his commission, and there he shewed him his commission, whiche was to receiue the citie of Tourney. Then sir Edward Belknap desired him to sende his com∣mission to the earle of Worcettre, whiche he refused to do, saiyng it was sufficient to shewe it: well sayd sir Edward Belknap you must vnder∣stand that we haue a commission from the kyng our Master to deliuer you the citie at a day appointed: wherfore we must shewe the kyng of England both your cōmission that you had aucthoritie to receiue it frō the Frenche king, and also that you by your indenture sealed with your seale of armes shall confesse that you receiue the citie as a gift, and not rendred as a right to the kyng your Master, or els be you sure that the citie shall not be deliuered.* 15.9 Then the lorde Chastileon was wonderous wroth that he was no better beleued: And so daily were great messages sent to the citie from him to the erle of Worcettre, and answers wer sent of the Englishe part. But when the daye approched he had ful answere that he must delyuer his commission and also seale the indenture, or els the Englishmen woulde nto put hym in possession of the towne, for the∣ir commission was otherwyse. The French capytaines perceauyng that yf they disagreed at the daye, that doubtes might folowe, wherfore they sent their commission and sealed their indenture and sent it lykewyse in the mornyng, and came forward with their banners displayed: whereof hering the earle, he sent woord that the citee was neither yelded nor got∣ten, but delyuered for cōfederacion of mariage, and therfore thei should

not entre with banners displaied. Then wer the Frenchemen angry, but there was no remedy but to rolle vp their standerdes and banners. And when thei came to the gates, there their commission and Indenture wer solemply red openly: and then the Frenchemen entred with drumslades and minstrelsy without any banner: and then to Monsire Castileon was deliuered the Castle, and there he ordeined watche and warde in euery part. Thus was the citee of Turnay deliuered the eight daie of Febru∣ary in the .x. yere of the reigne of the kyng, and many a tall yoman that lacked liuyng fel to robbyng, which would not labor after their returne

Duryng this tyme remained in the Frenche courte Nicholas Carew Fraunces Brian, and diuerse other of the young gentlemen of Englāde and thei with the Frenche kyng roade daily disguysed through Paris, throwyng Egges, stones and other foolishe trifles at the people, whiche light demeanoure of a kyng was muche discommended and gested at. And when these young gentlemē came again into Englande, ••hei wer al Frenche, in eatyng, drynkyng and apparell, yea, and in Frenche vices and bragges, so that all the estates of Englande were by them laughed at: the ladies and gentlewomen wer dispraised, so that nothyng by them was praised, but if it were after the Frenche turne, whiche after turned them to displeasure as you shall here.

After the kynges Ambassadors wer returned, and Tournay deliue∣red to the Frenchemen vpon the condicions aforesaid, the hostages that were here lefte for the paiment of the greate somes and performaunce of the condicions comprised in the league (of the which one was that if the mariage toke none effect, then the citee of Turnay should be redeliuered vpon repaiment of thesame some) thesaied hostages knewe not in what case thei stode, but when thei knewe it, thei wer very heuy and sorowful: howbeit, thei dissimuled the matter in the best wise thei could. The kyng vsed familiarly these foure hostages, and on the .vii. daie of Marche pre¦pared a disguysyng, and caused his greate chambre at Grenewiche to be staged, and greate ••ightes to be set on pillers that wer gilt, with basons gilt, and the rofe was couered with blewe sattin set full of presses of fine gold and flowers: and vnder was written, Iammes, the meanyng wherof was, that the flower of youth could not be oppressed. Into this chamber came the kyng and the quene with the hostages, and there was a goodly commedy of Plautus plaied, and that doen, there entred into the cham∣ber eight ladies in blacke veluet bordred about with gold, with hoopes frō the wast douneward, and sleues ruffed and plited at the elbowe and plain in the middes, full of cuttes, plucked out at euery cutte with fine Camericke, and tired like to the Egipcians very richely. And whē these ladies had passed aboute the place, in came eight noble personages in long gounes of taffe••a set with flowers of gold bullion, and vnder that apparell cotes of blacke veluet embroudered with golde all to cut, and plucked out with cu••tes of white sarcenet, and euery man had buskins of blacke veluet full of agglettes of gold. Then the eight men daunced

with the eight ladies all beyng viserd, and sodeinly the men cast of their large gounes, and then their vnder apparell was seen. And whē al was dooen, euery lorde and lady put of their visers, and then it was knowen that the kyng and the duke of Suffolk and the Frenche quene wer ther whiche wer present at the plaie tyme.

The .viii. daie of Marche was a solempne Iustes,* 15.10 the kyng himself & eight young gentlemen based and barded in blacke veluet embraude∣red with gold, against the duke of Suffolk and eight of his bande all in white satten with droppes of golde. And that daie thei all ranne excea∣dyng well, whiche the straungiers highly commended.

In the ende of Marche the kyng sent for all the yomen of garde that wer come from Tourney▪ and after many good wordes geuen to th••, he graūted to thē .iiii.d. the day without attendaunce, except thei wer speci∣ally cōmaunded: & yet for all this the cōminaltie said that the kyng was euil counsailed to geue away the citee of Tourney, because the maintei∣ning of a garrison there should haue norished & brought vp mē and yō∣ger brethren in feates of war to the great strength & defence of y^• realme

This yere the .xii. daie of February died the Emperour Maximilian for whom the kyng caused a solempne Obsequy to be dooen at Paules churche, all the nobles of the realme and knightes of the Gartier beyng present, of whiche ordre thesaied Emperour was one.

¶The .xi. yere.

IN the beginnyng of this yere,* 15.11 the kyng with all the knightes of his ordre beyng in Englande, roade on double horsses, with the henxmen folowyng the king, from Colbroke to Winsore in gor∣gious apparell, and there he kept with greate solempnitee the feast of .s. George, and dined in the hall. And the bishop of Wynchester prelate of the ordre sat at the boordes ende alone. The king was solempnly serued and the surnap cast like the feast of a coronacion. All thynges wer plen∣teous to straungiers that resorted thether. At the Masse of Requiem was offered the banner and other hachementes of honor belongyng to Maximilian the Emperor late deceased. After this feast ended, the kyng came to Richemond, and so to Grenewiche, and there laie all Maie.

In whiche moneth the kynges counsaill secretly communed together of the kynges gentlenes & liberalitee to all persones: by the whiche thei perceiued that certain young men in his priuie chamber, not regardyng his estate nor degree, were so familier and homely with hym, and plaied suche light touches with hym that thei forgat themselfes: Whiche thyn∣ges although the kyng of his gētle nature suffred and not rebuked nor reproued it: yet the kynges counsail thought it not mete to be suffred for the kynges honor, & therfore thei altogether came to the king, beseching him al these enormities and lightnes to redresse. To whom the kyng an∣swered, that he had chosen thē of his counsaill, both for the maintenaūce of his honor, & for the defence of all thyng that might blemishe the same: wherfore if thei sawe any about hym misuse theimselfes, he committed it

to their reformacion. Then the kynges counsaill caused the lorde cham∣berlein to cal before them Carew (and another who yet liueth, & therfore shall not at this tyme be named) with diuerse other also of the priuy chā¦ber, whiche had been in the Frenche courte, and banished them the court for diuerse consideracions, laiyng nothyng perticulerly to their charges And thei that had offices wer commaunded to go to their offices: which discharge out of the courte greued sore the hartes of these young menne whiche were called the kynges minions. Then was there foure sad and auncient knightes, put into the kynges priuie chāber, whose names wer sir Richard Wingfeld, sir Richard Iernynghā, sir Richard Westō and sir Willian Kyngston: and diuerse officers wer changed in all places.

Then sir Ihon Pe••hy was made deputie of Calis, and sir Richarde Wingfeld therof discharged, & Nicholas Carew made capitain of Rice banke and commaunded to go thether, whiche was sore to hym displea∣sant. These young minio••s which was thus seuered from the kyng, had been in Fraunce, and so highly praised the Frenche kyng and his court, that in a maner thei thought litle of the kyng and his court, in compari∣son of the other, thei wer so high in loue with the Frenche courte, where∣fore their fall was litle mo••ed emong wise men.

This yere in the moneth of Iune was elected to be Emperor Charles kyng of Castell, & nephew to the quene, by the whole assēt of the electors of thempire: Although the Frenche kyng sent his great Master to cause hym to be elected to the high maiestie of the Empire: yet his Ambassador & great Master of his houshold called Gonffier lord of Boisy, & brother to Willyam, Gonffier lorde Boneuet Admirall of Fraunce, whiche was ambassador in Englande the laste yere as you haue hard, did not so his message that it toke any effect. The kyng whiche had sēt docter Pace his secretory for the auauncement of his nephewe the kyng of Castell to the dignite imperiall, because he had the duchie of Ostrik & many other sei∣gniories in Almain, was very ioyous of this eleccion, & caused a solēpne Masse to be song at Paules the .vii. daie of Iuly: at whiche Masse was present the Cardinall Campeius, the Cardinall of Yorke, the Duke of Buckynghā, of Norffolk & Suffolk, with the Ambassadors of Spain, Fraunce, Uenice and Scotlande. And after Masse was doen, the quier sang Te deum, and then all the lordes departed to Baynardes Castle to dinner, & that night wer solempne fiers made through London, & greate plēty of wine geuē by Italiēs, duchmen & Spaniardes for these newes.

This sommer the quene desired the kyng to bryng to her mannour of Haueryng in the Bowe•• in Essex, the gentlemen of Fraūce beyng hosta∣ges. And for their welcōmyng she purueyed all thynges in the moste li∣berallest maner: and especially she made to the kyng suche a sumpteous banket that the kyng thanked her hartely, and the straungers gaue it greate praise. The kyng liyng there did shote, hunte, and ronne daily with the hostages to their greate ioye.

This yere in September the kyng laie at his Manour of Newhal in

Essex, otherwise called Beaulieu, where the kyng had newly buylded a costly mancion, and there to welcome the quene and the Lordes, and the Frenche gentlemen, he made to them a sumpteous banket, and all a lōg the chamber sat a Ladie and a Lorde, or a knight, whiche were plente∣ously serued. And after the banket ended, with noyse of mins••relles en∣tered into the chamber eight Maskers with white berdes, and long and large garmentes of Blewe satten pauned with Sipres, poudered with spangles of Bullion Golde, and thei daunsed with Ladies sadly, and cōmuned not with the ladies after the fassion of Maskers, but behaued theimselfes sadly. Wherefore the quene plucked of their visours, and then appered the duke of Suffolk, the erle of Essex, the Marques Dor∣set, the lorde Burgainy, sir Richard Wyngfeld, sir Robert Wyngfelde, sir Richard Weston, sir Willyam Kyngston: all these wer sōwhat aged, the youngest man was fi••tie at the least. The Ladies had good sporte to se these auncient persones Maskers. When thei wer departed, the kyng and the foure hostages of Fraunce, and the erle of Deuonshire with .vi. other young gentlemen entered the chamber, of the whiche sixe wer al in yelowe sattin, hosen, shoen, and cappes, and sixe other wer in like maner in Grene: the yelowe sattin was freted with siluer of Damaske, and so was the grene very richely to behold: and then euery Masker toke a la∣die and daunsed: and when thei had daunsed & commoned a great while their visers wer taken of, and then the ladies knewe thē, & there the king gaue many brooches & proper giftes to the ladies. And after this doen, the quene made a banket to the kyng & his lordes and thother strāgers.

In the moneth of Nouember, the kyng came from Lambith to West∣minster hall, and so to the starre chamber, and there were before hym the the Lorde Ogle, the Lorde Haward, sir Mathew Broune, sir Willyam Bulmer, and Ihon Skot of Camerwell, for diuerse riottes, misdemea∣nors and offēces, and especially the kyng rebuked sir William Bulmer knight, because he beyng the kynges seruaunt sworne, refused the kyn∣ges seruice, & became seruaunt to the duke of Buckingham, saiyng: that he would none of his seruauntes should hang on another mannes •• sleue, and that he was aswel able to maintein him as the duke of Buckynghā, and that what might be thought by his departyng, and what might bee supposed by y^• dukes retainyng, he would not then declare. The knight kneled still on his knees criyng the kyng mercie, and neuer a noble man there durst entreate for hym, y^• kyng was so highly displeased with hym Yet at the last when other matters wer hard, the kyng moued with pitie forgaue thesaid sir Willyam his offence, saiyng, that wee will that none of our seruauntes shalbe long to any other person, but to vs, nor we wil not that our subiectes repine or grudge at suche as wee fauoure, for our pleasure we wil haue in that ca••e as vs liketh, for one we wil fauor now and another at suche tyme as vs shall like: and therefore sir Willyam if you serue vs hartely, you shall not be forgotten, & for this tyme we par∣don you. Likewise he pardoned the lorde Edmōd Haward, and sir Ma∣thew

Browne th••ir offēces, whiche wer indicted of riottes, and maintei∣naunce of bearynges of diuerse misdoers within the countie of Surrey: but the lorde Ogle humbly beseched the kyng of his mercie to whom he answered. Sir your matter concerneth murder of our subiecte, whiche greate offence is not onely to vs but to God, and therfore we remit you to the common lawe. And then he rose and went to his barge, and by the waie he made Iames Yarfford Maior of the Citee of London knight, and so he with all his counsaill came to Lambeth.

The .iiii. gentlemen hostages of Fraunce, daily resorted to the courte and had greate chere, and wer well enterteined, and euery tyme thei mo∣ued, stirr••d and required the kyng to passe the sea, and to mete with the Frenche kyng their Master, whom thei preised highly, affirmyng that if the king & he might once familierly common together, that there should suche a constant loue rise and encreace betwene theim, whiche afterward should neuer faile. This request was often tymes hard and litle regar∣ded, but yet by the meanes of the Cardinall at the last, in the ende of Fe∣bruary it was agreed that the kyng in person, should passe the sea to his castle and lord••••ip of Guisnes, & there in Maie next commyng betwene Guisnes and Arde, the kyng and the Frenche kyng should mete. When this was fully concluded, the kyng wrote letters to all suche lordes, la∣dies, gentlemen and Gentlewomen as should geue their attendaunce on hym and the quene: whiche in continent put theimselfes in a redines a••ter the moste costliest fashion, for the furniture of thesame metyng.

Then were sent to Guysnes vnder the rule of sir Edward Belknay three .M. artificers, whiche buylded out of the yearth on the plain before the castle of Guysnes, y^• moste goodlyest palaice of timber that euer was wrought in thesame place, and so curiously garnished without & within Beside this, prouisions wer made within the realme of England and in Flaunders for vitaill, wine and all other thynges necessary for thesame. And y••t beside all this Orleaunce kyng of armes of Fraunce came in∣to the court of England and made proclamacion, that the kyng of En∣glande and the Frenche kyng, in a campe betwene Arde and Guysnes with .xviii. a••des in Iune next ensuyng, should abide al commers beyng gentlemen, at the tilt, at torney, and at barriers, and like proclamacion was made by Clarenseaux kyng of Armes of Englande, in the Courte of Fraunce, and in the courte of Burgoyn, and in diuerse other courtes and places in Almain, and Italy. For furnishyng of Iustes, there was deuised a tilte and all thynges necessary for that enterprice, in a goodly plain betwene Guysnes and Arde.

Duryng the tyme of these preparacions, newes were brought to the king that Charles his nephew elected Emperor of Almain would shor∣tly ••epart out of Spain by sea, and come by Englande to go into Ger∣many to receiue his firste Croune at Acon. Wherefore the kyng caused great prouisions to be made at euery hauē, for the receiuyng of his wel∣beloued nephew and frend, and daily prouisions wer made on all sides,

for these noble metynges of so high princes: and especially the quene of Englande, and the Lady dowager of Fraunce, made greate cost on the apparell of their ladies and gentlewomen.

The first daie of February beyng Candelmas euen, as the kyng and quene wer come from Euensong at their manour of Grenewiche, before the quenes chamber there blewe a trompet sodainly, and then entred in∣to the Quenes Chamber foure gentlemen appareled in long and large garmentes of blewe damaske bordred with gold, and brought with thē a tricke waggon, in the which sat a ladie richely appareled with a canapy ouer her hed, & on the .iiii. corners of the waggon, wer .iiii. hed peces cal∣led Armites, euery p••ce beyng of a sundery deuice: thesaied lady put vp a bill to the kyng, the effects whereof was that the .iiii. gentlemen present would for the loue of their ladies answer al commers at the tilt at a day by the kyng to be appoynted: whiche daie was appoynted at shrofetide next ensuyng. At whiche daie y^• forsaid gentlemen valiantly accōplished their entreprice, with greate laudes of the kyng, the quene and ladies.

In this yere the kyng beyng infourmed, that his realme of Irelande was out of ordre, discharged the erle of Kildare of his office of deputie, and therunto (by the meanes of the Cardinall as men thought) was ap∣poynted therle of Surrey lorde Admirall, to whō the Cardinall did not owe the best fauor. Wherfore thesaied erle of Surrey in the beginnyng of Aprill, tooke leaue of the kyng, and the duke of Norffolke his father, and passed into Irelande, and had with him diuerse gentlemen, that had been in the garrison of Tourney, and one hundred yomen of the kynges garde, and other to the nomber of a thousande menne. Where he by his manhod and wisedom, brought the erle of Desmonde and diuerse other rebelles, to good conformitie and ordre: and there he continued in great hardnes two yere and more, in whiche space he had many battailes and skirmishes with the wylde Irishe.

When it was concluded that the kynges of Englande and Fraunce should mete, as you haue hard, then bothe the kynges committed the or∣dre and maner of their metyng, and how many daies thei should mete, and what preheminence eche should geue to other, to the Cardinall of Yorke, whiche to set all thynges in a certaintie, made an instrument, the very true tenor whereof ensueth.

Thomas Archebishop of Yorke and Cardinall. &c. Albeit that by the treatie and metyng of the right high and right puyssaunt princes, Hen∣ry by the grace of God, kyng of Englande, and of Fraūce, lorde of Ire∣lande my souereigne Lorde: And Fraunces by thesame grace kyng of Fraunce right Christened, made and concluded at London the eight daie of October, the yere of our Lorde a thousande fiue hundred & .xviii be emongest other thynges concluded and accorded, that thesame me∣tyng shalbe in place indifferent, and not subiect to any of thesaied prin∣ces. Neuertheles, wee consideryng the honour, profite, and vtilitie, that shall redound by the enteruieu of thesaid two princes, & not onely to the

saied twoo princes, their realmes and subiectes, but also to all christen∣dom: after declaracion thereupon had with thesaied princes. Also consi∣deryng that thesaied illustre kyng of Englande my souereigne lorde, in passyng the sea with his retinue, shall sustein great costes and expences, and dispose hymse•• to greate labors and daungers, leuyng his realme and puyssaunce for certain tyme, wee haue thought and estemed that he should not be wholy satisfied to thonor and dignitie of thesame, right il∣lustre kyng of England my souereigne lorde, and should not haue in re∣ga••d condigne of his labors & dangiers, if thesaied enteruew or metyng a••ter the first treatie, should bee in place indifferent wherefore it is that we desiryng to weye egally thonor and dignitie of thesaid twoo kynges by vertue and power o•• the commissions to vs geuē▪ of whom the tenors shalbe hereafter declared: we haue made, declared, and ordeined certain articles accepted & approued, by y^• same princes respectiuely, whiche thei will obserue, & by this presentes we make, declare & ordein as foloweth.

And firste we declare and ordein, that before thende of the monethe of Maie next commyng, thesaid illustre kyng of Englande shal come per∣sonally to the castle of Guysnes, with his bed••elowe the quene, and his sister the dowar••s of Fraunce: and semblaby the right Christened kyng of Fraunce, shall come in persone to his Cas••le of Arde▪ with the Quene and his mother: and some daie▪ houre, and tyme, within .iiii. daies at the moste, after thende of Maie, that shalbe assigned by the commissioners o•• thone and the other partie. The••aid kyng of Englande s••all issue out of his castle of Guysnes halfe a mile long without that that he shall is∣sue out of the limit••s of his demain of Guisnes & shall come towardes thesaid castle of Arde: and there within the territorie of thesaied castle of ••uisnes, he ••••al rest in some place not fortified nor walled, and nere the l••••ites of Fraunce, that thesaied commis••ion••rs s••all assigne (as aboue said) and thesaid right christened kyng, partyng from his cas••le of Arde s••••ll ••ome towardes thesaid kyng of England thesame daie, place, time and houre, that s••all tary hym within the demain of Guisnes as is said. In the whiche shall not bee set nor dres••ed any pauilions or tentes, and there thesaid twoo kynges beyng on horsebacke, with their retinue shal¦le the one thother▪ and salute eche other, and speake together familiarly, and common in that sort and maner, and so long as shall seme to theim good. And after thesaied salu••acion and cōmunicacion finished for that tyme, the••aied illust••e kyng of Englande shall returne to his castle of Gui••nes, and thesaid right christened kyng to his castle of Arde.

••tem, ••or asmuche that wee thynke to bee satisfied touchyng the la∣bores dangiers and honoure of thesaied kyng of Englande my soue∣reigne Lorde o•• so mu••he, that thesaied right Christened kyng at the firste speakyng he shall come forwarde vnto and within his territorie of Guysnes we will kepe the honor of thesaied kynges, and therfore de∣clare and ordeine, that on the morowe after the firste enteruew, thesame kynges shall mete together in some place indifferent betwene Arde and

Guysnes, that shalbe assigned by thesaied Commissioners, and after the salutacion made on the one and the other partie, thesaied right illustre kyng of Englande shall go to the Castle of Arde, to se, salute, and visite the quene of Fraunce, and also the sister of thesaid christened kyng, with whom he shall dine priuely. And likewise thesaid right christened kyng shall go to the Castle of Guysnes, to visite and salute the quene of En∣glande, and the dowares of Fraunce, with whom he shall dine. In the whiche places thesaied princes shalbe receiued familiarly and amiably, vnto mutuall loue, and also to the honor of thesaied princes.

Item, as thesaied serene princes of Englande and Fraunce, be like in force corporall, beautie, and gifte of nature, right experte and hauyng knowlege in the arte militant, right cheualrous in armes, and in the flo∣wer and vigor of youth, whereby semed to vs a right assembly, that for to decore and illustre thesame assembly, and to shewe their forces in ar∣mes, thei shall take counsaill & dispose themselfes to do some faire feate of armes, aswell on fote as on horsebacke, against all commers. We de∣clare and ordein, that the place where shalbee thesaied fight and feate of armes, shalbee chosen betwene Guysnes and Arde, and assigned by the commissioners, of the one and the other partie. And for a suertie of the persones of thesaied kynges and their compaignie, thesaid place shalbe apparreled, diched, fortified and kepte of the one and the other partie, by equall nōber of men of armes, respectiuely committed and deputed that to do. And duryng the tyme of thesaied Iustes and feates of warre, the∣same kynges and quenes with their retinue, shall se eche other familiar∣ly, and conuerse and speake together: And euery daie towardes the eue∣nyng, after the Iustes, triumphes, bankettes, and familiar communica∣cions dooen, thesaied kynges with their retinue shall returne into their Castles, that is to saie, the kyng of England into his castle of Guysnes, thesaid right christened kyng into his Castle of Arde, and thus thei shal do daily, duryng thesaied fight and feate of armes.

Item, wee declare and ordein, that when thesame kyng of Englande and the Quene his bedfelowe, and the Dowares of Fraunce his sister, with their retinue, shall go to the territorie and entrie of thesaied right christened kyng, the superioritie and preheminence shalbe geuen to the∣saied kyng of Englande, to the quene his bedfelowe, and to their retinue respectiuely, duryng the tyme that thei shall tary and be there: and sem∣blaby when thesaied right Christened kyng, and the quene his bedfelow and his right illustre Ladie and mother, with their retinue shall come to the territorie and entrie of thesaid illustre kyng of Englande, the su∣perioritie and preheminence shalbee geuen to thesaied right Christened kyng, to the quene his bedfelowe, and to his mother, and to their retinue duryng the tyme that thei shall continue and abide there.

Item, for so muche as the Castles and places where thesaied enter∣vewe shalbe, bee so litle & narowe that if entree & license to come thether be geuen to all them that would go thether, diuerse anoyances, troubles

and impechementes should folowe, wherefore it is so that we Cardinall abouesaied, by these presentes declare & ordein, that none of the retynue of thesaied Kynges, Quenes, or other lordes and nobles, of what estate qualitie or condicion that he or thei be, shal not come to thesaid assemble with more greater nomber of persones or horse, then shalbee written by letters, subscribed by thesaied kynges, the whiche shall conteigne the e∣states and condicions of the persones, aswell men as women, and nom∣bre of seruauntes and horse, except by the common consent and license of thesaied kynges.

Item, forasmuche as perauenture it shall come that thesaid Princes lordes, gentlemen, and houshold seruauntes, shall se and conuerse toge∣ther familiarly, to the ende that it maie engender betwene them an ami∣tie more firme and stable, for that cause and that more surely and agrea¦bly thei maie bee together, aswell by daie as by night, without any dan∣ger or feare, whiche we desire to prouide: we declare and ordein that two gentlemen with sufficient compaignie of equall and like nombre, bee committed and depute, respectiuely by thesaied kynges for the kepyng and suretie of the waies and watches, that shalbee made continually duryng the assembly of thesaied kynges.

The whiche gentlemen with their compaignies shall ordein & depute explorators and spies in the valeis, forestes, wooddes, tounes, borowes villages, castles, passages and waies, and other places dangerous and suspect: from tyme to tyme, and houre, to houre, as well towardes Flaun¦ders, as Picardie, Artoys and Englande, to exployte and watche there. And if any be founde suspect, theim to repulse and take awaie, to thende that not onely thesaied princes, their gentlemen and houshold seruaun∣tes, maie surely and without fea••e visite the one the other as said is, but also those that shall bryng vitailes necessarie to thesaied assembly, maie without daunger, trouble, impechement or noysaunce go and come: the whiche explorators shalbe bounden euery daie in the mornyng and eue∣nyng▪ to make reporte to thesaied princes or to their saied counsailors respectiuely, of that which thei haue found, and in what estate the waies be. We declare further and ordein, that all men of armes and of warre, of the one and the other partie, shall not approche nerer then twoo ior∣neyes, to the place where thesaid enteruewe shalbe, except the retinewe & men of warre that bee committed and deputed to kepe Bullein and Ca∣leis, and that thesame men of warre nor none other duryng the assem∣bly of thesaid princes, shall not presume to come nerer, onlesse by the cō∣sent, accorde, and license of thesaied princes.

Item, we Cardinall aboue saied, by expresse aucthoritie and power to vs geuen, by these presentes▪ bynde thesaied princes to do, fulfill, and ac∣complishe, all and euery the thynges aboue saied here in conteined.

Item, we declare and ordein that eche of thesaied kynges on his par∣tie, shall ratifie, confirme, and approue all and euery the Chapiters and Articles aboue saied, by their Letters Patentes Sealed with

their handes. And by thesame lettres of ratificacion thei shalbee boundē to accomplish with good faith and in worde of a kyng, all and euery the thynges aboue saied: the whiche letters made, subscribed and sealed, as is said, thei shall geue the one the other, and shall chaunge in the citee of London, within one moneth next after the daie of these presentes. Made the twelfe of Marche, the yere of our lorde a .M.CCCCC.xix.

¶The .xii. yere.

THE moste noble and puisant kyng,* 15.12 kyng Hēry the .viii. kyng of Englande and of Fraunce, the yere of our Lorde a .M. ••iue hundred and .xx. and of his bodily age .xxix. yere, and the .xxii. daie of Aprill began the .xii. yere of his reigne ouer the realme of Englande, & halowed the daie of sainct George at the maner royall of Grenewiche with the noble knightes of the Garter in robes of the order

The kyng intendyng and perseueryng in purpose to mete with Fran¦ces the Frenche kyng, greate and riche prouisions were made, wherfore the noble Kyng and the Quene with all the noble courte, remoued the twentie and one daie of Man beyng on Mundaie, from their maner of Grenewyche, towardes the Sea side, and so on the Fridaie beeyng the twentie and fiue daie of Maij, arriued at the citee of Cantorbury, inten¦dyng there to kepe his Pentecoste.

Sone after whiche cominyng to Cantorbury, tidynges wer brought that Charles Emperor electe, was on the sea, in sight of the coast of En∣glande, wherefore officers of the kyng were sent with greate diligence to the Castle and toune of Douer, to be there in a redines against the arri∣uall of the Emperor.

The reuerent father in God my lorde Cardinall, came to the toune of Douer in hast with a noble repaire, abidyng the commyng of the Em∣perour, whiche Emperour, the Saterdaie beyng the .xxvi. daie of Ma•••• arriued with all his nauie of shippes royall on the coast of Kent, directe to the toune or porte of Hieth thesaied daie by noone, where he was hai∣led by the noble knight sir Willyam Fitzwillyam, vice admirall of En∣glande, with sixe of the kynges shippes well furnished, whiche laye for the safegarde of passage betwene Douer and Caleis, at the costes and charges of the kyng of Englande. Calmenes of the wether and lacke of wynde, caused that the Emperoure might not so sone take lande at the porte of Douer, as he would haue dooen. Notwithstandyng towardes the euen he departed from his shippes, and entered into his boate com∣myng towardes the lande, where in his commyng to the land▪ on the sea the reuerent father lorde Wolsay Cardinall and Legate, mette and re∣ceiued hym with suche reuerence, as to so noble a Prince apperteigned. Thus landed the Emperoure Charles, vnder the clothe of his estate of the blacke Egle all splaied on riche clothe of golde. In his retinue with hym, were many noble menne, and many faire Ladies of his bloud as princes and princesses, & one ladie as chief to bee noted, was the princes

Auinion with many other nobles whiche landed with hym in high and sumptuous maner and great riches in their apparell: greate ioye made the people of England to see the Emperour, and more to see the benyng maner and mekenes of so high a prince.

Then when the Emperour thus had taken lande, the reuerente father lord Cardynall was as conducte to thesame noble Emperour from the shore of Douer vnto the castell there: then were all persons chered, the best that there in the towne might be.

After the departyng of Themperour to the lande from his nauy, the apparell of euery ship then shewed, as flagges, banners, stremers, & tar∣getes, then the mighty ordinaunce of euery of them brake oute by force of fyer as though the see had brente, maruelous was the noyse of the gonnes.

The Emperour beyng thus in the castell of Douer, with hast tidyn∣ges came to the kyng where as he was at Cantorbury, who hasted hym towards the noble Emperour. And so came riding early in the morning to the castell of Douer, within which castell the kyng alighted: the Em∣perour heryng the kyng to be come, came out of his chamber to mete w^t the kyng, and so met with him on the stayres or he coulde come vp, wher¦eche embraced other right louingly: then y^• kyng brought the Emperour to hys chamber, where as there communyng was of gladnes.

Sone after these two noble princes on the Whitsonday early in the morenynge tooke their horse and rode to the Cytee of Cantorbury, the more to solempne the feast of Pentecost, but specially to see the quene of England his aunte was the intent of the Emperour.

The noble personages of the realme of England and the quene with her beautiful trayne of ladies receiued and welcommed the same Char∣les elect Emperour, whose person was by the kyng cōueighed to a faire and pleasant chamber where thesayde Emperour apparelled hym right richely. Then the noble retynue of thesayde Emperour aswell of lordes as ladyes were lodged, aswell as there myght be, with ioye and muche gladnes, and there in Cantorbury soiorned the Emperour and all hys trayne with the kyng, vntill the Thursdaye in thesame weke.

The last daye of May beyng Thursday, the Emperour toke leaue of the kyng & of all the ladyes, and gaue great thankes, and so rode to Sā∣dewiche, and there toke his shippes, the wynd to hym was likyng, wher∣by he sayled into Flaunders.

Then thesame daye, the kyng of Englande made saile from the porte of Douer and with noble apparaile londed at Calys at the hower of .xi. of the clock, and with hym the quene and ladyes and many nobles of y^• realme. And so was the kyng receiued into the Checker and there rested: great repayre of noble men came to the towne of Caleys from y^• French court, to se the kyng and to salute him, whiche were of his grace, princely entretayned.

Mondaye the .iiii. daye of Iune the kynges grace with all the nobles

aswell the quene with her trayne of ladyes as other, with all the whole nōber of nobles remoued from Calis to his lordship royall of Guisnes into the most noble and royall lodgyng before sene, for it was a palays, the palays was quadrant, and euery quadrant of thesame palays was iii.C.xxviii. foote longe of a syse, which was in compasse .xiii.C. and .xii. foote aboute. This palayce was sette on stages by great connynge and sumpteous woorke. At the enteryng into the palays before the ••ate, on the playne grene was buylded a fountayne of enbowed woorke, gylte with fine golde, and bice, ingrayled with anticke woorkes, the olde God of wyne called Baccus birlyng the wyne, whiche by the conduyctes in therth ranne to all people plenteously with red, white, and claret wyne, ouer whose hedde was written in letters of Romayn in gold, fa••cte bon∣ne chere quy vouldra.

On the other hande or syde of the gate, was set a pyller with was of auncient Romayne woorke borne with .iiii. Lyons of golde, the pyllers wrapped in a wrethe of golde curiously wroughte and intrayled, and on the sommet of thesayde pyller stode an image of the blynde God Cupide with his bowe and arrowes of loue redy by his semyng, to Stryke the younge people to loue.

The forgate of thesame palays or place with greate and mighty ma∣sonry by sight was arched, with a tower on euery syde of thesame porte r••red by great crafte, and inbattayled was the gate and tower, and in y^• fenestres and wyndowes were images resemblynge men of warre redy to caste greate stones: Also thesame gate or tower was set with compas∣sed images of auncient Prynces, as Hercules, Alexander and other by entrayled woorke, rychely lymned wyth golde and Albyn colours, and well and warly was made ouer the gate loups, and enforced with bat∣taylementes and in thesame gate a lodge for the porter: whyche there apered and other, sumpteously apparayled lyke vnto kynges officers.

By thesame gate, all people passed into a large courte fayre & beau∣tiful, for in this court appered much of the outward beutie of this place for from the firste water table to the raysyng or resun pieces, was bay wyndowes on euery syde myxed with clere Stories, curiously glased, y^• postes or monyelles of euery wyndow was gylte. Thus the outwarde parte of the place lumyned the eyes of the beholders, by reason of y^• sum∣ptuous woorke. Also the tower of the gate as semed, was buylded by greate maso••ry, and by great engyne of mans witt▪ for the sundry coun∣tenaūces of euery image that their appered, some shotyng, sum castyng, sume ready to strike, and firyng of gonnes whiche shewed very honorably. Also all thesayd quadrantes, bayes and edifices, were roial∣ly entrayled, as farre as vnto thesame court appartayned. And dyr••••te against the gate was deuised a hallpas, and at thentry of the staier was images of sore and terrible coūtenaunces, all armed in curious woorke of argentyne. The bay of thesame halpas pendant by crafte of trimmer and vnder y^e trimmer, anticke images of gold enuyroned w^t verdour of

Oliffes cast in compas, mounsteryng their countenaunces towardes the enteryng of the palaice. The staier of thesaied halpas was caste of passage by the w••ntes of brode steppes, so that from the first foote or lo∣west steppe, a persone might without pain goo vnto the highest place of thesame halpas.

On euery hande was there chamber doores and enterynges into the chambers of thesame palais, whiche were long and large and well pro∣porcioned, to receiue light and aire at pleasure: the roofes of theim from place to place, and chamber to chamber wer siled and couered with cloth of Silke, of the moste faire and quicke inuencion that before that tyme was seen, for the grounde was white ingrailed, Inbowed and batoned with riche clothes of silkes knitte, and tret with cuttes and braides and sundery newe castes, that thesame clothes of silke shewed like bullions of fine burned gold and the roses in lossenges: that in thesame rofe, were in kyndly course, furnished so to mannes sight that no liuyng creature might but ioye, in the beholdyng thereof, for from the iawe pece of the∣saied selyng: whiche pece was guilte with fine Golde, were woorkes in paan paled, all the walles to the crest encounteryng the clere stories, the same creste whiche was of large depenes, the worke was antique knot∣tes with bosses cast and wrought with more cunnyng then I can write, all whiche workes and ouerages were gilte: and to set it the more to the glory the florishyng Bise was comparable to the riche Ammell.

Also at the foote of thesame palaice was another ••rest all of fine sette gold, whereon hanged riche and maru••ilous clothes of Arras wrought of golde and silke▪ compassed of many auncient stories, with whiche clo∣thes of Arras, euery wall and chamber were hanged, and all wyndowes so richely couered, that it passed all other sightes before seen. In euery chamber in place conuenient were clothes of estate, greate and large of clothe of golde, of Tissue, and riche embroudery, with Chaiers couered with like clothe, with pomelles of fine gold: and great Cushyns of riche woorke of the Turkey makyng, nothyng lacked of honourable fur∣nishement.

Also to thesame palais was rered a Chapell with twoo closettes, the quire of thesaied Chapell siled with clothe of golde, and thereon frete ingrailed bent clothes of Silke, all was then silke and golde. The aul∣tars of this Chapell were hanged with riche reuesture of clothe of gold of Tissue embroudered with pearles. Ouer the high aultare was han∣ged a riche Canaby of merucilous greatnes, the aultare was appare∣led with fiue paire of Candelstickes of golde, and on the aultare an hal∣pas and thereon stode a Corpus domini••all ••i••e golde, and on thesame halpas stoode twelfe Images of the bignes of a childe of foure yeres of age all gold: And all the Coopes and Uestementes so riche as might be prepared or bought i•• the citee of Florens, for all the copes and U••∣stementes wer but of one p••ce, so wouen for the purpose, cloth of Ti••••ue and poudered with redde Roses purled with fine gold: the Orfrys sette

with pearles and precious stones. And all the walles and deskes of this Chapell was hanged with right Clothe of golde, and three riche greate Crosses were there ready to be borne at festiuall tymes, and basyns and Sensers, Gospellers, Paxes, Crewetes, holy Water vessels, and other ornamentes all of gold.

Also in the firste Closet was a trauerse for the kynges person of cloth of golde: And within that the kynges place and Chaire, with Cusshins of clothe of golde: before the trauerse was an altare of presence, whiche Aultare was adourned with clothe of brouderie, and riche Pearles and precious stones, set in goldesmithes woorke of fine golde. On the aul∣tare was a deske or halpace, whereon stoode a patible of the Cruci••ix of fine golde, with an Image of the Trinitee, an Image of our Lady, and twelue other Images all fine golde and precious stones, twoo paire of Candelstickes of fine golde, with Basens, Crewettes, Paxes, and other Ornamentes, ••hesaied Closet was hanged with Tappettes embraude∣red with riche worke fret with pearles and stones, the rooffe of thesame Closet was siled with woorke of Inmouled, gylte with fine Golde and S••napar and Bice.

The seconde Closette was for the Quenes persone, in whiche was a trauerse of riche clothe of golde, the aultare so richely appareled, that there lacked neither Pearles nor Stones of riches: on the aultare were twelue g••eate Images of golde, the Closet hanged with clothe of golde all other iewelles Missall, I suppose neuer suche like were seen, and the rooffe of thesame closet was siled with like worke that the kynges closet was, as is before rehersed.

And from this palaice or place into the mightie and strong fotresse and Castle royall of ••uisnes, was a galery for the secrete passage of the kynges persone into a secrete lodgyng within thesame Castle the more for the kynges ease.

Also to this palaice was all houses of offices, that to suche an honou∣rable Courte should apperteigne, that is to wete, the lorde Chamber∣laine, lorde Steward▪ lorde Thresourer of the houshold, for the Comp∣troller and office of grene Clothe, Wardroppes, Iuell house, and office of houshold seruice, as Ewery, Pantrie, Seller, Buttery, Spicery, pit∣cher house, Larder and Poultrie, and all other offices so large and faire that the officers might and did marueiles, as in the craft of viandes, by Ouens, harthes, reredorses, Chimnayes, Ranges, and suche instrumen∣tes that there was ordained. In this Palaice as ye haue heard, was the kinges grace lodged and al the nobles after their degrees. And for that the toune of Guysnes was litle, and that all the noble menne might not there be lodged, thei sette vp tentes in the felde, to the nomber of twentie and eight hundred sundery lodgynges, whiche was a goodly sighte. Thus was the kyng in his Palais royall at Guysnes.

FRAVNCES the Frenche kyng was with all his nobles of the realme of Fraunce, come to the toune of Arde, whiche was prepared for his cō∣myng

many tentes, hales and pauilions, were set and pight in the felde. On the French partie also, there was at thesame toune of Arde buylded the Frenche kynges lodgyng full well, but not finished, muche was the prouisions in Picardy on euery part through all. The French kyng cō∣maunded his lodgyng to be made, a litle out of the toune of Arde in the territorie of an old castle, whiche by the war of old tyme had been beatē. On thesame place was edified a house of solas and sporte, of large and mightie compas, whiche was chiefly sustained by a great mightie maste, wherby the greate ropes and takell strained, thesame maste was staied. All the roffe of thesame house hong on thesame Maste, and with takell was strained and borne, by the supporters of thesame Maste or tree, the colours of thesame was all blewe, set with starres of gold foyle, and the Orbes of the heauens by the crafte of colours in the roffe, were curiosly wrought in maner like the sky, or firmamēt, and a cresant strained sum∣dell towardes the toune of Arde, this cresant was couered with frettes and knottes made of Iue busshes, and boxe braunches, and other thyn∣ges that longest would be grene for pleasure.

In this tyme the reuerent father lorde Thomas Wolsay Cardinall and legate a Latere as the kynges high ambassador rode with noble re∣paire or lordes, gentlemen & prelates to the toune of Arde, to the French courte where of the Frenche kyng, thesame lorde Cardinall was highly enterteined. Of the noblenes of this Cardinall, the Frenchemen made bokes, shewyng the triumphant dooynges of the Cardinalles royaltie. The nomber of the gentlemen, knightes and lordes all in crimosyn vel∣uet, with the marueilous nomber of chames of golde, the greate Horse, Mules, Coursers, and cariages, that there were, whiche went before the Cardinalles cōmyng into Arde with sumters and cofers. Of his great Crosses and Pillers borne, the pillowe bere or cace broudered, the twoo mantelles, with other the Ceremoniall Offices, with greate and honou∣rable nomber of bishoppes geuyng their attendaunce, the mightie and greate nomber of seruauntes, as yomen, gromes, all clothed in Scarlet who so redeth of the Frenche boke, shall finde wonderfully set furthe.

The kyng of Englande beeyng at the Castle of Guysnes in the newe palais, many noble men of the Frenche court resorted to his grace, to se the kyng of Englande and the quene, and to salute thē: who of the kyng of Englande were well entertained.

When the lorde Cardinall had soiourned at Arde in the French court by the space of twoo daies, and the high and vrgent princely causes in counsaill declared, the lorde Cardinal toke his leaue of the French kyng and of all the Frenche courte, and repaired vnto the Castle of Guysnes, where he founde the kyng of Englande his souereigne Lorde. And the∣same kyng by his letters patentes, had geuen full power and aucthori∣tie to thesame lorde Cardinall, concernyng all matters to bee debated, touchyng the kyng and the realme, and also gaue vnto thesame Cardi∣nall, full strength, power, and aucthoritie, to affirme and confirme, bynd

and vnbynde, whatsoeuer should bee in question, betwene hym and the Frenche kyng, as though the kyng in proper person had been there pre∣sently.

When the lordes of the Frenche counsaill, sawe the high and greate aucthoritie that the Cardinall had, thei shewed it vnto the Frēch kyng, who incontinent commaunded his commission to be made, of like power and aucthoritie, that the kyng of Englāde had geuen vnto thesaid lorde Cardinall: thesame power and aucthoritie had thesame reuerent father, geuen to him by Fraunces the Frenche kyng, and affirmed by the coun∣saill royall of Fraunce: Then hastely was sent to the kyng of Englande the Frenche kynges patent, for the lorde Cardinall saied humbly to the Frenche kyng, that he would no suche power receiue, without the con∣sent of the kyng of Englande his souereigne Lorde: but when the kyng of Englande and his counsaill, had seen and vewed the Frenche kynges Patent, and it well considered, then he sent thesame Patent of power to the lorde Cardinall with full assent: then the lorde Cardinall the power receiued with muche gladnes. It was highly estemed & taken for greate loue that the Frenche Kyng had geuen so greate power to the Kyng of Englandes subiect.

Thursdaie the seuenth day of Iune, in the vale of Andren, within the lordeship royall of Guysnes, before daie was set and pight a royall rich tent, all or clothe of gold, and riche embroudery of the kyng of Englan∣des, and diuerse other hales and pauilions: thesame riche tente of gold, was within hanged of the richest Arras, newly cōtriued and made, that euer before was seen, and a presence of the kynges estate, with two cha∣yers and riche cusshyns therein: the ground was spred with Carpettes, of newe Turkey makyng, all full of beautie.

But here is to be noted, that in this meane season in all the feldes a∣bout, bothe nigh and far, wer many of the Frenche gard, ridyng and be∣holdyng the maner of the Englishe parte, some of the kynges gard, and some of the duke of Burbons gard, and some of the Admirall of Fraū∣ces Gard, whiche slily marked the conueighaunce of the people of En∣glande. At the houre of metyng appoynted, the Lordes of Englande set their people and seruauntes in good arraie of battaill, in a plain felde directly before the castle of Guysnes. The kyng of Englande commaū∣ded that his Garde should bee set in the breste of the battaill, or bend of footemen, and so it was doen. This battaill of footemen conducted thē∣selfes so in ordre, that from the firste to the laste, neuer a persone of the footemen brake his place or arraie, but kepte theimselfes so well, that neuer seruyng menne theimselfes better demeaned. The seruyng menne thus set in ordre in the felde, on the left hande of the kyng of Englande, somewhat towarde the Marres, long while thus abidyng, in whiche tyme the Castle of Guysnes shot a warnyng pece to the toune of Arde, and in likewyse the Toune of Arde gaue warnyng to the Castle of Guysnes.

Now was gathered the Frenche Kynges repaire, and by the Lorde Marshall and Constable of Fraunce, the Lordes and gentlemen were set in ordre: thus bothe these twoo high and mightie princes, intendyng to mete and assemble many woordes and tales, and suspect demeanyn∣ges arose in the Englishe partie, for the great loue that we the Englishe¦men had to our Prince, caused the ignoraunt people that were not wor∣thy to knowe the pretence of princes, to suspecte the Frenche partie, and the more because that Monsire Chatelion a Lorde of Fraunce, in rigo∣rous and cruel maner, threwe doune foure pennons of white and grene whiche wer set by Richard Gibson, by commaundement from the kyng for the suer marke or metyng place of the twoo kynges in what ground thei should encounter, wordes rose betwene Monsire Chatelion and Ri∣charde Gibson, as farre as became for that deede, but at the commaun∣dement of the erle Marshall for that tyme, whiche was the noble erle of Essex, the kyng of Englandes cosyn, that wrong by vs Englishemenne was paciently suffered, thus from tyme to tyme, and watche to watche, and vewe to vewe, the houre drewe nere, that was by bothe the Princes appoynted, of metyng or encountre.

Wherefore the kyng of Englande our souereigne Lorde, with all the Court of nobles of Englande mounted on horsebacke, and marched to∣wardes the valey of Andern in honourable ordre, all Gentle menne, Squiers, Knightes, and Barons, roade before the kyng and bishoppes also, the dukes, Marques and Erles, gaue attendaunce next the kyng. He were muche wise that could haue tolde or shewed of the riches of ap∣parell that was emongest the Lordes and Gentlemenne of Englande, Clothe of Golde, Clothe of Siluer, Ueluettes, Tinsins, Sattins em∣broudered, and Crymosyn Sattens: The marueilous threasor of golde that was worne in Chaynes and Bauderickes, so greate, so weightie, some so manifolde, some in Colers of. S. greate, that the Golde was innumerable to my demyng to bee summed, of all noble menne, Gentle∣menne, Squiers, Knightes, and euery honest Officer of the Kyng was richely appareled, and had Chaynes of Golde, greate and meruelous waightie: what should bee saied? surely emong the Englishemenne lac∣ked no riches, nor beautifull apparell or aray, and alwaies as the kyng of Englande and his horsemen marched, so pace for pace marched the moste goodly battaill or bend of foote men (out of defensable apparell) that euer I trowe before was seen.

The Frenche kyng on his partie marched towardes the encountre with all the ruffelers and gallantes of the Frenche Courte. In whiche tyme came to the Frenche kyng some reporte, that caused hym to tarry, and a light from his Horse, then the Frenche menne were very doubt∣full, and in a staye so still rested, vntill a Lorde of Fraunce called Mon∣sire Morret, thesaied Morret came to the Frenche Kyng, and shewed hym the very fidelitie of the Kyng of Englande, whereby the Frenche kyng mounted on horsebacke, and the better couraged, marched towar∣des

the place appoynted of encountre.

Thus in marchyng thone kyng to the other, to the kyng of England came lorde George Neuell lorde Aburgheny, and openly saied, sir ye be my kyng and souereigne, wherefore aboue all I am bounden to shewe you truthe, and not to let for none, I haue been in the Frenche partie, and thei be mo in nomber, double so many, as ye bee: with that was the Erle of Shrewesbery Lorde Stewarde ready and saied, sir, whatsoe∣uer my Lorde of Burgheny saieth, I my selfe haue been there, and the Frenchemenne bee more in feare of you and youre subiectes, then youre subiectes bee of them, wherefore saied the Erle, if I wer worthie to geue counsaill, your grace should marche forwarde, so we intende my Lorde saied the kyng: then the Officers of Armes cried on afore, then in shorte while was the kyng on the banke of Andern: then euery gentleman as thei roade toke his place, and stoode still side by side, their regard or face towardes the vale of Andern.

Then the kyng of Englande shewed hymself somedele forwarde in beautie and personage, the moste goodlicit Prince that euer reigned o∣uer the Realme of Englande: his grace was apparelled in a garment of Clothe of Siluer, of Damaske, ribbed with Clothe of Golde, so thicke as mighte bee, the garment was large, and plited verie thicke, and canteled of very good intaile, of suche shape and makyng, that it was marucilous to beholde. The Courser whiche his grace roade on, was Trapped in a marueilous vesture of a newe deuised fashion, the Trapper was of fine Golde in Bullion, curiously wroughte, pounced and sette with anticke woorke of Romayne Figures. Attendyng on the kynges grace of Englande, was the Master of his horse, by name Sir Henry Guylford, leadyng the kynges spare horse, the whiche horse was Trapped in a Mantellet bront and backe place, all of fine gold in Sci∣fers, of deuice with Tasselles on Cordelles pendaunt, the Sadell was of thesame sute and woorke, so was the hedde stall and raynes. After fo∣lowed nyne henxce menne, ridyng on Coursers of Naples, thesame young Gentlemen were appareled in riche Clothe of Tissue, the Cour∣sers in Harneis of marueilous fashion, scaled in fine Golde in Bullion, and workes subtile more then my sighte could contriue, and all thesame horse Harneis were sette full of tremblyng spanges that were large and faire. The lorde Marques Dorset bare the kynges sweard of estate be∣fore the kynges grace, the reuerent father Lorde Cardinall did his at∣tendaunce.

Thus in litle tyme, abidyng the commyng of the Frenche kyng and his, the whiche in shorte tyme came with greate nomber of horsemenne, freshely appareled, the Frenche Kyng and his retayne, put themselfes in place appoynted, direct against the Englishe partie, beholdyng euery o∣ther of bothe nacions, the Frenche menne mused muche of the battaill of the foote menne, and euery of the Frenche menne to other spake of the

multitude of the Englishe menne whiche semed greate, yet were not thei so many as the Frenche partie.

When the Frenche kyng had a litle beholden the Englishe menne, he put hymself somewhat before his people, that were there on hym atten∣daunt, the Duke of Burbon bearyng a naked Swearde vpright, the Lorde Admirall of Fraunce, and the Countie Cosmen Galias, Master of the Frenche kynges horse, and no mo persones gaue their attendance in passyng with the Frenche kyng: when it was perceiued that the Frēch kynges swearde was borne naked, then the kyng of England commaū∣ded the lorde Marques Dorset to drawe out the swearde of estate, and beare it vp naked in presence, whiche was so doen.

Then vp blewe the Trumpettes, Sagbuttes, Clarions, and all o∣ther Minstrelles on bothe sides, and the kynges descended doune to∣warde the bottome of the valey of Andern, in sight of bothe the nacions and on horsebacke met and embrased the twoo kynges eache other: then the two kinges alighted, and after embrased with benyng and curteous maner eche to other, with swete and goodly wordes of gretyng: and af∣ter sewe woordes, these twoo noble kynges went together into the riche tente of clothe of golde, that there was set on the grounde for suche pur∣pose, thus arme in arme went the Frenche kyng Fraunces the firste of Fraunce, and Henry the eight kyng of Englande and of Fraunce, toge∣ther passyng with communicacion.

When the twoo princes were in the tente, before rehersed, the Frenche Kyng saied, my dere brother and Cosyn, thus farre to my paine haue I trauailed to se you personally, I thynke verely that you esteme me as I am. And that I mai•• to you bee your aide, the realmes and seigniories shewe the might of my persone: Sir said the kyng of Englande, neither your realmes nor other the places of your power, is the matter of my re∣garde, but the stedfastnes and loyall kepyng of promesse, comprised in Charters betwene you and me: that obserued and kepte, I neuer sawe Prince with my iyen, that might of my harte bee more loued. And for your loue I haue passed the seas, into the fardest frontier of my realme to se you presently, the whiche dooyng now gladdeth me. And then were the twoo Kynges serued with a banket, and after mirthe, had communi∣cacion in the Banket tyme, and there shewed the one the other their pleasure.

The Englishe officers went and ranne with greate pottes of Wyne, and Bolles to the Frenche menne, and theim chered the best that might bee, all this season stoode still the noble men of the Englishe partie, and all other, and from their places moued nothyng that thei were appoin∣ted vnto. And the seruyng men in likewise, not once moued from their ground or standyng, but the Frenchemen sodainly brake, and many of them came into the Englishe partie, speakyng faire, but for all that, the courte of Englande and the lordes, kept still their arraie.

After the twoo kynges had ended the banket, and spice and wyne ge∣uen

to the Frenchemen, Ipocras was chief drinke of plentie, to all that would drinke. In open sight then came the two kynges, that is to were: the Frenche kyng, and he kyng of England, out of their tent, by whiche I then well perceiued thabiliment royall of the Frenche kyng, his gar∣ment was a chemew, of clothe of siluer, culpond with clothe of golde, of damaske cantell wise, and garded on the bordours with the Burgon bendes, and ouer that a cloke of broched satten, with gold of purple co∣loure, wrapped aboute his body trauerse, beded from the shulder to the waste, fastened in the lope of the first fold: this said cloke was richely set with pearles and precious stones: this Frenche kyng had on his hed a koyfe of damaske gold set with diamondes, and his courser that he rode on was couered with a trapper of Tissue, broudered with deuise, cut in fashion mātell wise, the skirtes were embowed & fret with frised worke, & knit with Cordelles, & buttons tasseled of Turkey makyng, Raines and hedstall, answeryng of like woorke: and verely of his persone thesame Fraunces the Frenche kyng, a goodly Prince, stately of countenaunce, mery of chere, broune coloured, great iyes, high nosed, bigge lipped, faire brested and shoulders, small legges, and long fete.

All the nobles of the Frenche courte, were in garmentes of many co∣lours, so that thei were not knowen from the braggery: thus as the two kynges wer in communicacion, diuerse noble men of Englande wer cal∣led to presence. And then the twoo kynges departed with their compai∣gnie, the kyng of Englande to Guysnes, the Frenche kyng to Arde.

Saterdaie the .ix. daie of Iune in a place within the Englishe pale, were set and pight in a felde, called the campe, two trees of muche honor the one called the Aub••spine, and the other called the Framboister, whi∣che is in English the Hathorne, whiche was Henry, and the Raspis ber∣ry for Fraunces, after the significacion of the Frenche: these twoo trees were mixed one with the other together on a high mountaigne, couered with grene Damaske, thesame Trees were artificially wrought, resem∣blyng the nature of thesame as nigh as could be, the leaues were grene Damaske, the braunches, bowes, and withered leaues of clothe of gold, and all the bodies and armes of thesame clothe of golde, laied on tym∣ber, thei were in heigth frō the foote to the toppe .xxxiiii. foote of assise▪ in compasse aboute an hundred twentie and nyne foote, and from bough to bough, fourtie and three foote: on these trees were flowers and fruites, wrought in kyndly wise with siluer and Uenice gold, their beautie she∣wed farre: on the mountaigne was a place ha••ber wise, where the Her∣rauldes were, the mountaigne was rayled about, and the railes couered with grene Damaske.

Thesame daie the twoo noble kynges came to thesame trees of honor with greate triumph, accompaignied with diuerse nobles and yong va∣liauntes, before whom were their shildes caried, and after borne aboute the listes, and set on the highest place, shewyng into the feldes, the kyng of Englandes armes within a Gartier, and the Frenche kynges within

a Coller of his ordre of sainct Michael, with a close Croune, with a Flo∣wer delice in the toppe. The Campe was in length nyne hundred foote, and in bredth three hundred and twentie foote, ditched rounde aboute, sauyng at the entrees with broade and depe diches, diuerse skaffoldes were tered aboute this Campe, for the ease of the nobles: on the right∣side of the felde stood the quene of Englande, and the quene of Fraunce with many ladies. Thesame Campe was railed and bard on euery ende strongly, there was twoo lodgynges in the entery of thesame felde, for the twoo kynges richely adourned, whiche were vnto theim very neces∣sarie, for therein thei armed theimselfes and tooke their ease: also in the∣same compasse was twoo greate Sellers couched full of wyne, whiche was to all men as larges••e as the fountain.

The cause of the settyng vp of the twoo greate shieldes with armes Royall, was for ioye of the honourable metyng, there to passe the tyme from idlenes, with the exercise of noble feactes of Armes in honoure, ar∣ticles of Iustes, Turnayes, battailes on foote at the Barres, and suche victorious feactes were ••arre in Realmes Proclaimed, whiche caused muche people of noble courage thether to resorte: the twoo kynges as brethren in armes, vndertoke to deliuer all personages of thesame fea∣ctes, and to thesame twoo kynges by the ordre of armes were ••ociate, the Duke of Uendosme, the duke of Suffolke, the countie sainct Paule the Marques Dorset, Monsire de Roche, sir Willyam Kyngston, Mō∣sire Brian, sir Richard Garnyngham, Monsire Cauaan, sir Giles Ca∣pell, Monsire Bukkall, Master Nicholas Carewe, Monsire Mounta∣filion, and Master Anthony Kneuet, the shieldes of all these nobles wer hanged on the trees, with thre tables of the Chalenges, to the whiche all noble menne that would answere, brought in their shieldes to thesame trees, and theim presented to the kynges of Armes, and to the Articles wrote with their handes.

Mondaie the .xi. daie of Iune, the twoo Quenes of Englande and of Fraunce came to the campe, where either saluted other right honorably, and went into a stage for them prepared, right curiously hanged, & spe∣cially there was for the quene of Englande, a Tapet all of pearle called Huges Dike, whiche was muche loked at for the costlynes of thesame.

At the houre assigned, the two kynges armed at all peces mounted on horsebacke, on them attendyng the noble persones, parteners of the cha∣lenge: the Frenche kyng sette hymself on a Courser barded, couered with Purple sattin, broched with golde, and embraudered with Corbyns fe∣thers round and buckeled, the fether was blacke and hached with gold. Corbyn is a Rauen, and the firste silable of Corbyn is Cor, whiche is a harte, a penne in English, is a fether in Frenche, and signifieth pain, & so it stode, this fether round was endles, the buckels wherwith the fethers wer fastened, betokeneth sothfastnes, thus was the deuise, harte fastened in pain endles, or pain in harte fastened endles: on his hed pece he bare a sleue, all the partenars of the Frenche kynges chalenge were in like

apparell, euery thyng correspondent in clothe of silke embroudered, on his persone were attendant on horsebacke noble persones, and on foote foure persones all appareled in purple sattin.

The kyng of Englande mounted on a freshe courser, the trapper of clothe of golde, of Tissue, the Arson mantell wise: And the brunt of the trapper bard fashion, cutte in waues of water woorke, and euery waue rawe wrought and frised with Damaske golde, this woorke was laied lose on russet veluet, and knitte together with poyntes of golde, whiche waues signified the Lordeshippe of the narowe sea. All the parteners of the kynges chalenge wer in thesame sute, their horses aswell as their persones, attendyng on the kyng on horsebacke wer sir Henry Guilford Master of the kynges horse, sir Ihon Pechie deputie of Caleis, sir Ed∣ward Guilford Master of the kinges army, and Monsire Moret of the Frēche courte appareled al foure in the kynges, liuery, which was white on the right side, and the left side gold and russet bothe hose and garmēt And on hym wer attēdant on foote sixe honorable knightes .xx. esquiers and officers to the nombre of an .C. and .xii, persons, of the whiche nom∣ber all the knightes and gentlemen had coates, the one halfe siluer, and thother clothe of gold and russet veluet, and the other officers cotes wer of right Sattin of thesame coloure, and all their hosen were of thesame suite very costly. Thus with honour and noble courage these twoo no∣ble kynges with their compaignies entered into the feld, and theim pre∣sented vnto the Quenes, and after reuerence dooen to theim, thei roade rounde aboute the tilte, and so toke their places appoynted, abidyng the answerers, whiche was for the first the duke Dallencon and tenne men of armes on his bēd, on coursers barded, the bardes couered with white and blacke Ueluet, fastened the one within the other, garded with Bur∣gon bendes of Tynsell sattin, aswell their garmentes as their bardes. Then entered on coursers barded twelfe gentlemen of the bende of the lorde Admirall of Fraunce, their garmentes and bardes were russet sat∣tin, broched with golde and white and purple Sattin, after the deuise of their pleasure with greate plumes. When these bendes were entered the feld, thei shewed themselfes about the tilte, and did reuerence to the que∣nes, the bend of the Duke Dallencon tooke firste place, thei made theim prest on bothe sides, the Frenche kyng was the firste that ranne, he did valiauntly and brake speres mightely.

Then ranne the kyng of England to Monsire Graundeuile with great vigor, so that the speres brake in the kynges hande to the vantplate all to sheuers. And at the second course he gaue thesaied Monsire Gra••••de∣uile suche a stroke that the charnell of his hedde pece, although thesame was very strong, was broken in suchewise that he might runne no more whereby the kyng wanted three courses.

Then ranne the Duke de Vandon and mette his counter parte right nobely, and brake speres right valiauntly.

The noble duke of Suffolke charged his course & met right valiātly

his counter parte and furnished the .v. courses right nobly together like good men of armes.

And when all parties of the chalenge had right valiauntly furnished they•• courses, then ranne agayne the .ii. noble kynges, who dyd so vali∣antly that the beholders had great ioy, after whiche courses the heraul∣des cried the disarmy and the trompettes sounded to lodgyng.

Tewsday the .xii. daie of Iune at hower cōuenient the .ii. quenes toke their stages and the bende of chalenge in the feld prest to answere & de∣lyuer all commers, to whom came .x. gentlemen armed on barded horses of the bend of Mounsire de Svvyes ther bardes and apparel cloth of vel∣uet ful of friers knottes syluer, after that thei had presēted theim vnto y^e quenes, then they toke thende of the tilte, & then course after course they ronne to the chalengers right egerly, and the chalengers of the partie of the twoo kynges deliuered to the ende of their articles of Iustes.

Then entered a .xi. men of armes of the bende of Mounsire de Tre∣moyell, on horses barded with yelowe veluet, losenged with Friers knot¦tes of blacke veluet, & after thei had saluted y^e quenes, thei likewise toke thende of the tilt, and course after course, ranne till thei wer deliuered of their chalenges of Iustes: valiauntly this daie was finished.

Wednesdaie the .xiii. daie of Iune, the twoo hardie kynges armed at all peces entered into the feld right nobly appareled, the Frenche kyng and all his parteners of chalenge were arraied in purple sattin, broched with golde and purple veluet, embrodered with litle rolles of white sa∣tin, wherein was written, quando, all bardes and garmentes wer set full of thesame, and all the residue where was no rolles, were poudered and sette with the letter ell as thus .L. whiche in Frenche is she, whiche was interpreted to be quando elle, whē she, and ensuyng the deuise of the first daie it signifieth together, harte fastened in pain endles, when she.

The kyng of Englande with all the bende parteners of his chalenge wer likewise on horsebacke, appareled in trappers of losēges russet vel∣uet and clothe of siluer of damaske, enbroudered and set in euery losēge a braunche of Eglantine of gold, the apparell of the persones wer of the same correspondent to the trapper, this Eglantine tree is swete, plesant and grene, and if it be kyndely and frendly handeled, and if it be rudely delt with, it will pricke, and he that will pull vp the whole tree by the top his handes will bee hurte: The twoo kynges with their compaignies thus appareled, presented themselfes to the quenes, and so toke the ende of the tilte then entered into the feld Monsire Leskevv called lorde Lis∣kyn, with hym came a .xi. men of armes, hymself the .xii. on horses barded and richely appareled, and so rode aboute the tilte and saluted the que∣nes, and toke the ende of the tilte.

Mons••re de Leskevv and his .xi. compaignions had their bases & bar∣des, all blacke clothe of gold of damaske all to cut on blacke sattin, their garmentes had mantell sleues on the left arme, to the wast behynde iust to the shulder, whiche was praised for the strangenes.

The Frenche kyng rāne to Moūsire Bewsy Damboyes, one of the bend of Mounsire Liskew, & the kyng of England charged his course and rāne to Mounsire Liskew, and so furnished their courses (as they laie) right nobly and valiauntly in breakyng speres that were stro••g, thus course after course eche with other, his counter partie did right valiantly, but the two Kynges surmounted all the rest in prowesse and valiantnes. This bend thus furnished entred the Marques de Salons and his bend .xii. persones all ridyng on coursers barded and appa∣relled in white Sattin and blacke, broched with gold and siluer, with cuttes and culpynes muche after tawny and blacke Sattin bil∣lottes: and atter reuerence done to the Quenes, toke thende of the tilte. To the Marques de Salons ranne the kyng of England, and the kyng of Fraūce to another of the same bend, stil course alter course ranne all the noble men til the Marques de Salons and his bend were deliuered, who bare theim right valiantly: then blew the trumpettes the retraicte and the two kinges them vnarmed & after departed, the Frenche kyng to Arde, and the kyng of England to his castle of Guysnes.

Thursday the .xiii. day of Iune by the noonetyde the twoo Quenes mette in the campe and toke their places, the people wer come to behold the honor, & to see the two kynges, who all ready armed entred the feld to receiue and deliuer all men of answere of Iustes. Then entred the erle of Deuonshyre nere cosyn to the kyng of England, on his bend the lorde Mountague also cosyn to the kyng, lord Harbert, lord Leonard Gray, Master Arthur Poole, Master Fraunces Brian, Master Henry Norres, and .iiii. other all richely apparelled, the one side blew Ueluet enbrodred with a mans hartburnyng in a ladies hand holdyng a gar∣den pot stillyng with water on the hart, the other side was white Sat∣tin enbrodered with letters of golde, This compaignie rode about the tilte and did reuerence to the Quenes & so abode at thende of thesame. The erle of Deuonshyre charged his spere, and the Frenche king like∣wise charged his course to mete thesame erle and rāne so hard together that bothe their speres brake, and so mainteined their courses nobly.

Then ranne the kyng of England to Mounsire Memorācie and him encountered and bothe bare together & gaue great strokes, the kynges moste noble grace neuer disuisered nor breathed tyll he ranne the fiue courses and deliuered his counter partie.

Dukes, Marqueses, Knightes, Esquiers and other ranne as fast as euer they might, there was none abode when the courses came, tyll the earle of Deuonshyre and his bend were deliuered of demaundes.

Then entered the lorde Hawarde sonne to the Duke of Northfolke and .xi, compaignions apparelled and barded in crimosyn Sattin ful of flames of golde, the borders ribbed with crimosyn Ueluet, and with muche honor after due reuerence done to the quenes were brought with Heraldes of armes aboute the tiltes, and so toke the place to theim ap∣pointed, right riche was their apparell. Then ranne the Frenche kyng

and encountered the same lord Edmond, they brake bothe their staues valiantly course after course, the encounter ceassed not til they had fur∣nished theyr fiue courses, so was the lorde Edmond deliuered by the Frenche kyng.

Then ranne the kyng of Englande to a strong gentleman named Raffe Broke and brake his spere, and ranne course after course till he had finished his courses right nobly & like a prince of moste valiance. The residue ceased not til thei had ech deliuered other of their chalēge.

Friday the .xv. day of Iune the kyng of England moūted on a cour∣ser roial, his person armed at all pieces, his apparel and trapper was the one side riche cloth of gold, of tissue, the other side clothe of Tissue of siluer, & clothe of gold of Tissue entered ounde the one with y^e other, the ounde is warke wauyng vp and doune, and all the borders as well trapper as other was garded with letters of fine gold, and on the other side that was ounde was sette with signes called cifers of finegold, the whiche were set with great & oriental perles, the cifers signified letters knit together in a knot, whiche was to wete, God my frende, my realme & I may. This was the deuise and reason thereof, all the kynges bend were apparelled in like apparel.

The Frenche kyng likewise armed at al pointesmounted on a cour∣ser royal, all his apparel aswel bardes as garmentes were purple vel∣uet entred the one with the other, enbrodred ful of litle bookes of white Satten, and in the bokes were written a me, aboute the borders of the bardes and the borders of the garmentes, a chaine of blewe, like Iron resemblyng the chayne of a well or prison chaine, whiche was enterpre∣ted to be Liber, a booke, within this boke was written as is sayd, a me, put these two together and it maketh libera me, the chayne betokeneth prison or bondes, and so maketh together in Englishe deliuer me of bōdes, put to y^• reason, the fyrst day, second day, and .iii. day, of chaūge for he chaunged but the second day, and it is, hart fastened in paine end∣les, vvhen she deliuereth me not of bondes, thus was thinterpretacion made, but whether it were so in all thinges or not I may not say. Now is ready the two kynges and princes and all theyr retaine abidyng the answeres, and after salutacions made to the Quenes beyng by theyr stages, they toke thende of the tilte.

Ready was Mounsire Florengis and with him, xii. men of armes w^e coursers barded: the bardes and apparel was Crimosyn veluet, tawny veluet, and Plunket veluet embrodered border wise with shepcherdes hokes of cloth of siluer. When they with honor had passed about the tilte, the reuerence to the Quenes and ladies done, the two kynges had theyr speres ready, then began the rushyng of speres: the kyng of En∣gland this day rāne so freshly and so many courses that one of his best coursers was dead that night, this band was deliuered man after man of their pretence of Iustes.

Then entered bendes of Mounsire de Rambeurs & Mounsire de Pyns

eche hauyng .xi. persones in nomber, the one band all white Satten en∣brodered with blacke, & the other all blacke, dropped w^t siluer droppes and after reuerence done to the quenes, at the end of the tilte toke their places, Then began a new encoūter hard and sore, many of them bare great strokes of the kynges, to their honor: when these bendes were de∣liuered, the Heraldes cryed a lostel and the princes them disarmed and went to lodgyng.

Saterday, the .xvii. day of Iune the Frenche kyng with a small nō∣bre came to y^e castle of Guisnes about the hour of viii. in the mornyng: the kyng beyng in his priuy chambre, had therof knowlege, who with glad hast went to receiue thesame Frenche kyng, and him met and wel∣comed in frendly and honorable maner, & after cōmunicacion betwene them had, the kyng of Englād departed, leauyng y^• Frenche kyng there in y^e sumptuous place before named. Then was busy the lord Chāber∣lain, the lord Stewarde and all other officers to make ready feast and chere, It were to long to reherse all, for suche a feast and banquet was then made, that of long tyme before he like had not been seen.

The kyng of England thus departed, he toke his horse and with cō∣paignie of noblemen rode to Arde, where the Frenche quene and other noblemen him receiued with muche honor. After whiche receiuyng, he was by the sayd quene and lordes brought into a chamber hāged with blewe veluet enbrodered with flowers delice of cloth of golde, wherein was a great bed of like worke, from whence he was conueighed into a∣nother chamber, in the whiche was a kynges state: this chamber was hanged and siled with clothe of gold, enbrodered with great cordelles or friers knottes of cloth of siluer. In thesame chambre were two cup∣bordes on either side one, furnished with great and goodly plate gilte. Noble feastyng & there was there made. After dyner the ladies dressed them to daunce, the kyng the more to glad the quene & the sayd ladies, departed secretly and put himself with .xxix. persones more in Maskers apparell, fyrst .x. yong honorable lordes apparelled after the maner of Ry and Reuel in Ruseland or farre Estland. Fyrst theyr hosen of riche goldsatten called Aureate satten, ouerrouled to y^e kne with Skarlet, & on theyr fete, shoen with litle pykes of white nayles after the Estland guise, theyr doublettes of riche crimosyn veluet and cloth of gold with wide sleues lined with cloth of gold, ouer this thei had clokes of crimo∣syn veluet short, lined with cloth of gold, on eueryside of the clokes rin∣ges of siluer w^t laces of Uenice gold, & on their heades they had hattes made in y^e toune of Danske and Purses of Seales skynnes, and gir∣dles of thesame: all these yong lorde had visers on their faces and their hattes were drawen like hatbondes full of Damaske gold.

Other .x. lordes were apparelled in long gounes of blew Satten of the auncient fashion enbrodred with reasons of golde that sayd, adieu Iunesse, farewell youth: they had typpettes of blacke veluet and hattes hangyng therby, and on theyr heades, high violette standyng cappes

and girdelles of silke, and Purses of clothe of golde after the auncient maner, with visers, their faces of like auncientie.

Then was there another compaignie of .x. lordes in whiche maskery the kyng was himselfe, apparelled all in long garmentes of estate all pale riche clothe of golde, all these had riche gounes whiche were lined with grene Taffata, and knit with pointes of Uenice siluer wherewith the riche clothe together was fastened on their faces visers, and all the berdes were fine wyer of Ducket gold, the Drunslad plaiers and other minstrels arayed in white, yelowe, and russet Damaske, these minstrels blew and plaied and so passed through the strete of Arde, all these no∣ble reuelers into the Frenche court & put them in presēce of the Frēche Quene and ladies: and when the Quene had them beholden, these re∣uelers toke ladies and daunsed, in passyng the tyme right honorably. Then at thinstance of the Frenche quene and her ladies these maskers and reuelers them disuisered, shewyng them what persones they were. Then spices, fruites, ielies, and banket viandes wer brought, that done and ended, y^e kyng toke leaue of the Frenche quene & ladies, & in secrete places euery one visered himselfe, so that they were vnknowen, and so passed through the Frenche court, to whom were brought .xxx. horses trapped in Damaske, white and yelowe, and so in maskeler passed the toune of Arde, into the felde or campe.

But now to tell of the feast and riches royal that was in the presēce of the Frenche kyng in the newe palaice royal. This daie the quene of England receiued the Frenche kyng w^t all honor that was accordyng. In presēce larked neither clothes of estate nor other riches, for to shewe the multitude of siluer and golde in plate and vessell there that daie, it were impossible: for all noble men were serued in gilte vessel, and all o∣ther in siluer vessell. When the Frenche kyng had washed and in his estate was set, he was right honorably serued in all thinges nedefull, for Forestes, Parkes, felde, salte seas, Riuers, Moates, and Pondes, wer serched and sought through countreys for the delicacie of viādes: well was that man rewarded that could bryng any thyng of likyng or pleasure: Right honorably was the Frenche kyng entertained, and all other after their degre and state. When the Frenche kyng had washed, then the ladies came and profered themselues to daunce, & so did in the Frenche kynges presence, whiche done the Frenche kyng toke leaue of the Quene and ladies of the court, The reuerend father lord Cardinal accompanied with the duke of Buckyngham and other great Lordes conducted forwarde the Frenche kyng, and in their waie they encoun∣tred and met the kyng of England & his companye right in the valy of Anderne apparelled in their Maskyng apparell, whiche gladded the Frenche kyng. After reuerence done, the sayd two kynges departed for that night.

Mondaie the .xviii. day of Iune, there blew suche stormes of wynd & wether that meruail was to heare, for which hideous tēpest some said it

was a very {pro}nosticacion of trouble & hatred to come betwene princes.

Tewsoay the .xix. day of Iune, the .ii. valiant chalengers kynges at houre conuenient entred into the felde armed at all pieces abidyng the comers. Then entred Mounsire Bonyual and his bend .xiiii. persones in nōber wel armed ridyng on barded horses, their apparel was blacke veluet and cloth of golde bylet wise and fayre plumes on their heades, and after reuerence done to the quenes all ready beyng on their stages, they toke their places at the ende of the tilte.

Ready were the speares, the Frenche king charged and ranne course after course and did nobly. Also the king of England ranne surely and lost no course till Mounsire Bonyual and his bend was deliuered, the kynges and their retaine did not cease.

Then entered .xvii. persones royally armed, the bend of the duke of Burbon ridyng on barded coursers, their apparell was white veluet, tawny and blacke veluet, entred together & all bordered with clothe of gold garnished with plumes of thesame colours on their heades, they saluted the quenes and ladies and toke thende of the tilte as they that came to furnishe thende of the chalenge of Iustes.

The kyng of England was ready & strake his horse with the spurres & so fiersly rāne to the countre partie that his graund graue gard was lose with the great stroke that the kyng gaue him: course after course y^e kyng lost none, but euermore he brake his spere and so nobly ended his Iustes royal, for this daie ended the kinges great chalenge, and of the kyng our souereigne lordes doynges, all men there that him beheld re∣ported his doynges (so valiant wer his factes) euermore in honor to be renoumed. The Frenche kyng on his part ranne valiantly breakyng speares egrely and so well ended his chalenge of Iustes, that he ought euer to be spoken of. When the bend of the Duke of Burbon was of their pretence of chalenge deliuered, thei toke leaue and departed.

Wednisday the .xx. day of Iune, the two kynges began to hold Tur∣neyes with all the parteners of their chalenge, armed at all pieces, The Frenche kyng & his bend wer apparelled, their bard couered with pur∣ple sattin, broched with gold and purple veluet, ouer all brodered with garlondes of friers knottes of white satten, and in euery garlond .liii. paunse flowers, whiche signified, thinke on Fraunces, to whō he spake was not knowen, goodly and riche was their apparel.

The kyng of England mounted on a courser of Naples barded, and after him all the faire bend of his retaine on coursers barded, the bar∣des & apparell was the one side riche clothe of Tyssue enbrodered, and lined w^t riche cloth of siluer, all y^e outward part was cutte, the otherside was russet veluet poudered w^t gold or purpled with golde, enbrodered with a great rocke or moūtaine, and a picture of an armed knight on a courser barded, vauncyng himself vpon that hill: then was on thesame in riche enbrodery a picture of a ladie cōmyng out of a cloud strikyng the knight into the body with an arow a deadly wound, and beneth on

the borders were written in letters enbrodered that sayd, Inloue vvho∣so mounteth, passeth 〈◊〉〈◊〉 perill, this was the deuise, so was the kyng of England apparelled and all his parteners of chalenge.

The quene of Fraunce and the quene of England were in the pla∣ces appointed for their honors. The Iudges were on stages to marke with y^e kyng of Heraldes that was for Fraūce named Roy Mon Ioy, and for England kyng of armes Garter, to marke and write the dedes of noblemen: euery person toke a naked sworde in his hande, the trum∣pettes blewe all waityng to ride and runne, the Frenche kyng and the kyng of England together entred, and their bendes, and reuerēced the quenes, and rode about the place, and then toke the ende of the felde in their abode.

Now againe souned the trūpettes, y^e Heraldes brought in the bēdes of diuers noble and wel armed men on horses barded, that is to wete, Fyrst the duke of Alanson and .x. men of armes on his bende, the lorde Admyrals bend .xii. menne of armes, and Mounsire Gywer and .ix. in nomber of men of armes all gentlemen, Mounsire Trenoyll with .xi. men of armes mounsire Liskew and with him .xi. men of armes on his bende, the Marques de Salons and .xii. men of armes on his bend, al on horses barded, and naked swordes in their handes.

Then the two kynges put doune their visers & rode to the encoūtre valiantly, and for trouth strake and receiued great strokes, but verely the two kynges bet their countre parties to disarmyng, and then were they departed and that battail ceased: then went other, euermore two for two till it came to the kynges againe, at whiche it neded not to put them in remēbraunce: for coragiously the two kynges newely fought with great randon and force, they shewed their vigors and strengthes and did so nobly that their coūter parties had none aduaūtage. When they had thus eche of them fought .iiii. battailes, then came Mounsire Liskew with whom the kyng of England had fought one battail, and presented the kyng with his horse, whiche the kyng gently receiued and for loue incontinent mounted on him and there fought the .v. battail right valiantly. Thus was the turney deliuered honorably for that day.

Thursday the .xx. day of Iune, the quene of England & the Frenche quene were come to the campe in royaltie like vnto their estates, the .ii. kynges were in the felde armed and apparelled, the Frenche kyng and his bend on coursers barded, their bardes couered with purple broched satten and purple veluet right roially, without any more enbroderyng. The kyng of England was mounted on a horse of force and courage, royally and nobly apparelled he and his retaine in sute like. The ap∣parell was of clothe of siluer of damaske bordered with letters of cloth of golde of damaske all the borders, on the bardes and apparell were litle mountaines & springyng braunches of Basile, wrought al of fyne gold, and euery braunche, lefe, and stalke, was lose and waueryng, all

thicke and full of leaues and braunches, that vneth was the clothe of siluer sene, y^e reasons written on the borders was thus, Breake not these svvere herbes of the riche mounte, doute for dāmage. This apparel was meruailous freshe and fayre: thus the two kynges & their retaine toke the felde. Then entred therle of Deuonshire cosyn to the king of Eng∣land and .xvi. honorable persones in his bende all armed.

Then came mounsire Florenges and .xii. persoues on his bend, then came Mounsire de Rambeurs Mounsire de Pyns and .ix. men of ar∣mes on his bend, then came the bend of Mounsire de Bonyual himself and .xiii. men of armes on his bend, then came the bend of Mounsire de Burbon and .xvii. men of armes, al wel and warlike horsed and armed and euery of these bendes after their deuises apparelled right richely.

The .ii. noble kynges were ready and either of them encountred one man of armes, the Frenche kyng to the erle of Deuonshire, the kyng of England to Mounsire Florenges. The kyng of England bare backe Mounsire Florenges and brake his Poldron & him disarmed, when y^e strokes were striken, this battail was departed, it was muche praised. Then on went swordes & doune went visers, there was litle abidyng. Sir Iohn Neuell, Master Fraunces Bryan, sir Rouland, and master Robart Garnyngham were this day as aydes sor y^e hurt persones that before were of the entertaine, and fought feruently battail after battail and none ceased till they all that would entre were deliuered of their pretence in chalenge royall pretenced. This day was the chalenge of Turnays after the articles ended, and all noble men deliuered and so departed the felde: then the kinges rode about the felde as honor of ar∣mes required, and the Herauldes cried la fine des Turnayes, by the sayd two noble princes the .xxi. daie of Iune.

Fryday the .xxii. day of Iune in the campe was sette a barrier for to fight on foote, also an Hale of the kynges of England was sette in the same place, enbrodered with cloudes of blewe, and out of the cloudes the Sunne risyng, the valence of the same was written in letters of blewe enbrodered, dieu er men droit, in whiche Hale the Lordes and other of the entertaine of the chalenge armed theim¦selfes.

Nowe was the noble Kynges readye to do battail on foote at the Barriers, the Quenes on their stages: then entered bend after bend on foote and preased to the Barriers, euery one in his hande a Punchion spere, wherewith without any abode foyned and lashed alwayes one at another, two for two as the lotte fell. When the speres were, spent, then swordes to theim were geuen. Then preased to the Barriers the two valiant kynges, and other, then was no ta∣riyng but fought with suche force that the fyer sprang out of their ar∣mure. Thus bend after bend they were all deliuered by the two noble kynges and their aydes of retaine.

Then in came a bend with two hande swordes and castyng dartes to answere to that chalenge, .xii. menne well armed whiche presed to the barriers & mightely threwe their speares the one to the other, ready or not ready, none fauored other more then two enemies or at vtterance, and euer styll two for two, till all were deliuered concernyng the cha∣lenge, so this same two kinges safe in body and lymmes ended the bat∣battail for that day at the barriers with great honor.

All men of armes passed and departed for that tyme, muche prepara∣cion was made there, as settyng vp tentes, hales, and other places for furnishyng of houses of offices and chābers of estates for the kynges and quenes, & also thesame night was in the campe rered a large frame of tymber worke for a chapell place, whiche was syled w^t riche clothes enbrodered, wherin was made a stage of two degrees, with the chayre and cloth of state for the lorde Cardynall, the alter apparelled with all Iuelles myssall of great riches, thesame chapel thus finished the .xxiii. day of Iune beyng satterday, at houre conuenient, the sayd lorde Car∣dinal sang an high and solempne masse by note before the two kynges and quenes, thesame done, Indulgence was geuen to all hearers, the two kynges together associate tooke their chamber. Of this masse in Flaunders arose muche communicacion, in so muche that the common voyce went, how the .ii. kynges wer sworne together on the sacrament, which was contrary, for the masse was for none other entent then to geue Indulgence to the kynges.

When tyme was, the two kynges washed and satte to meate vnder their clothes of estate where they were richely serued, the royaltie of the fare and the riches of vessell, plate and Iuelles surmounteth the witte of man to expresse: the quenes in another Chamber wer serued with no lesse honor, the dyner ended, the sayd straūgers royally apparelled, pre∣sented themselues in places of estate.

To tell you the apparel of the ladies, their riche attyres, their sump∣tuous Iuelles, their diuersities of beauties, and the goodly behauior from day to day sithe the fyrst metyng, I assure you ten mennes wittes can scace declare it.

The two noble kynges put themselfes in armes with their bend and entered the felde on foote, before the barriers, then entered the bendes of men of armes in armur right richely, then all was ready and the .ii. kynges at the barriers ready to fight right nobly. This day was deliuered at barriers by battail a C. & vi. persones, the .ii. last battailes did the kynges. The kyng of England with few strokes disarmed his counter partie, the Frenche kyng likewise bare himselfe right valiant∣ly. Thus the sayd saterday was fully ended, and all men deliuered of articles of Iustes and all Turneys and battailes on foote by the sayd two noble kynges.

After this chalenge honorably performed, the kynges prepared di∣uers

maskers and especially the king of England had .iiii. companies, and in euery companie, x. persones apparelled as you shall heare.

The fyrst persone of the fyrst .x. was apparelled like Hercules in a shirte of siluer of damaske written in letters of purple about y^• border, en femes et infauntes cy petit assurance, whiche in Englishe is as muche to say: In women and children is litle assuraunce: he had on his head a whode with a garlond of grene damaske cutte into leaues like Uyne leaues and Hawthorne leaues, in his hand a club couered with grene damaske full of prickes: the Lyons skyn about his backe was of cloth gold of damaske, wrought and frysed with flatte golde of damaske for the heeres, and buskyns of gold on his legges. Other thre were appa∣relled for Hector, Alexandre and Iulius Caesar, in Turkay Iubbes of grene cloth of gold wrought like Chālet very richely, & on their heades bonettes of Turkay fashion, of cloth of golde of Tyssue, and clothe of siluer rolled in Cypres, kercheffes after the Panyns fashion, and gir∣dles of cloth of gold with pendantes of thesame cut in great flames, & euery one buskyns of grene damaske, & thre other like princes of Iury for Dauid, Iosue, and Iudas Machabeus: these thre wer in long gou∣nes of russet Tynsell satten with great wide sleues lyned with clothe of gold pendant and great tippettes of the same cloth of gold baudericke wise and whodes of thesame, buskyns of grene damaske, their visers had berdes of fyne gold: the other thre were for Christen princes, as Charlemaine, Arthur, & Godfry de Bulloigne. These thre were appa∣relled in long vestures of calendred cloth of gold and purple clothe of gold broched together, with whoddes and cappes of thesame, visers & buskyns of grene damaske.

Other .x. were apparelled in cotes of crimosyn Satten al ouer coue∣red with quaterfoyles of clothe of gold, of tissue, and clothe of siluer rai∣sed, the gold was fringed with siluer, and the siluer with gold and layd lose on the Crimosyn Satten, and euery quaterfoyle was knit to other with laces of golde. Ouer that y^• sayd .x. persones had euery one a large mantle or Robe of crimosyn satten enbrodered full of figures of gold, and on their heades bonettes of stoole worke of golde of damaske, and euery one had on his viser a berde of golde wyer with whoddes and buskyns of crimosyn Satten.

Ten of the ladies were apparelled after the Genowayes fashion, the ground of their gounes was white satten, ouer diapred with right cri∣mosyn satten & gold of damaske, and on their heades square bonettes of damaske golde, rolled with lose golde that did hang doune at their backes, with kerchiefes or cleres of fine Cypres.

The other .x. ladies were attired after the fashion of Myllayne, in riche Tyssue and cloth of siluer raised, parted, trauers & ruffed sleues with foresleues pendant, knit w^t pointes of gold & caules or coyfes of gold piped, & Myllaine bonettes of crimosyn satten drawen through with clothe of golde. Thus the kyng of England and .xix. noblemen

with him and his sister Quene Marye dowager of Fraunce and .xix. ladies with her like maskers apparelled as you haue heard, all moūted on horses trapped in veluet white and yelow, and euermore a lord and a lady ridyng together, with mynstrelsye departed out of Guysnes on sonday the .xxiiii. day of Iune and toke their way toward Arde, and in the way on the banke of Anderne these Maskers met with the Frenche kyng, beyng in a chariot with .xxxviii. persones richely apparelled in Maskyng apparell, and eche compaigny passed by other without any countenaunce makyng or disuiseryng.

The Frenche kyng and his compaignie went to Guysnes, the kyng of England to Arde, where his maiestie was receiued into the Frenche court, and brought into the chamber of riche apparell, where at the in∣stance of the Frenche Quene the kyng and all his, them disuisered and shewed theyr faces, and al the ladies of England likewyse, then began feast & chere to arise, the kyng of England was set, and after al y^e ladies and Maskers of England and were nobly serued of many straunge meates: After dyner began the daunces in passyng the tyme ioyously.

The Frenche Maskers apparell was not al of one suite, but of seue∣ral fashions, of diuers silkes, some cut, some broched, some had plumes that were very fayre, but very beautifull was the sight.

The Frenche kyng and his compaignie was then at guisnes where the quene of Englād met and welcomed them, Then the Frenche kyng and his Maskers shewed themselfes bare faced, and when the Quene them sawe she did then the more reuerence. Great was the chere that then was there. After dyner and daunces done, the Frenche kyng drew himselfe into a secrete chamber & put from him his apparel of maskery and toke to him his apparel of vsaunce, in the whiche were many fayre Emeraudes, this done he toke his leaue of the quene, and on the court he loked with a high countenaunce and so departed, the lord Cardinal and the duke of Buckyngham him conductyng, the kyng of England, this tyme duryng, was at Arde, where he passed the tyme with muche solas: At tyme conuement he toke leaue of the Frenchemen & all other of the Frēche court, and after they had visered themselfes they rode no∣bly thus apparelled through y^e toune of Arde, & so passed till they came to the campe whereas all the chalenges were finished, and there the Frenche kyng perceiuyng the cōmyng of the Englishe maskers, stode still beholdyng them. Then the kyng of England put of his viser and preased vnto the Frenche kyng: then the two kynges enbrased and a∣miably together communed, after whiche communicacion either of o∣ther by kyngly salutyng tooke leaue, and for remembraunce either to other gaue giftes. The kyng of England gaue to the Frenche kyng a collor of Iewels of precious stones called Balastes the San∣ker furnished with great Diamantes and Perles. The Frenche kyng gaue to the kyng of England a Bracelet of precious stones, riche Iewels and fayre, and so departed the sayd two noble kynges,

the sayd .xxiiii. day of Iune, whiche was sonday and Midsomerday.

Duryng this triumph so muche people of Picardie and west Flaū∣ders drew to Guysnes to se y^e kyng of England & his honor, to whō vi∣tailes of the court were in plentie, the conduicte of the gate ranne wyne alwaies, there were vacaboundes, plowmen, laborers & of the bragery, wagoners & beggers that for drunkennes lay in routes and heapes, so great resorte thether came, that bothe knightes & ladies that wer come to see the noblenes, were faine to lye in haye and strawe, & helde theim therof highly pleased. From the court of the Emperor, nor of the Lady Margaretes court, nor of Flaūders, Brabāt nor Burgoyn came neuer a persone to answere to the chalenge: By that it semed that there was small loue betwene the Emperor and the Frenche kyng: Moreouer, Mounsire Fayot capitaine of Boleyn with Mounsire Chattelon did their deuoier to haue taken the toune of sainct Omer, of whiche doyng was thought no goodnes to the Emperor.

Monday the .xxv. day of Iune, the kyng of England & the Quene & all the court remoued frō Guysnes to the toune of Caleys & there made the kyng his abode, where was concluded the metyng of the Emperor with the kyng, wherfore was made newe and great prouisions.

In the tyme of the triumph there was a mutteryng that the toune of Caleys should be rēdred into the Frenche kinges hādes, & for truth the Frenchmen so spake & sayd, wherwith many Englishmen wer greued.

Whyle the kyng lay thus in Caleys he considered the charge of his nobles, and thought that lesse nombre of seruauntes would now serue them for the tyme of his abode, and so caused the Cardynal to call all y^e gentlemen before him, whiche in the kynges name gaue to theim than∣kes with muche commendacions, and for eschewyng of cost, because the kyng taried but the Emperors commyng, he licēsed them to send home the halfe nombre of their seruauntes & bad them after their long char∣ges to liue warely, this terme warely was amongest the moste part ta∣ken for barely, at whiche saiyng the gentlemen sore disdained.

Thus in Caleys rested the kyng & the quene vntil the .x. day of Iuly. Then y^• kinges grace with goodly repaire rode to the toune of Graue∣lyng in Flaunders there that night to rest & se the Emperor, on y^e kyng were waityng the lord Cardinal, Dukes, Marquises, Erles, bishops, Barons, knightes, and gentlemen. The noble Emperor passed the wa∣ter of Grauelyng, and at a place called Waell, there he met & receiued the kyng of England, the Emperor made suche semblant of loue to all the court of England that he wan y^e loue of Thenglishmen, & so passed the Emperor and the kyng of England to Grauelyng where the kyng lodged the best that might be, all lordes, gentlemen, yomen & all sortes of Englishmen frō the highest to the lowest were so chered and feasted, with so louyng maner that muche they praised Themperors court. In Grauelyng was the Emperors Aunte Margarete, she welcomed the kyng and other noble men of the realme.

When the Frenche kyng and his lordes had knowlege of y^e metyng of the Emperor and the kyng of Englād in the towne of Grauelynge, they were therewith greatly greued, as by many thinges appeared, for after the Englishmen were in Fraunce disdained, & in their suites there greatly deferred and had litle right and muche lesse fauor, so from day to day still more and more began hartbrennyng, and in cōclusion open warre did arise betwene the two realmes.

Wednisday the .xi. day of Iuly, the Emperor & the lady Margarete came with the kyng of England to the toune of Caleys, the Emperor & the lady Margaret were lodged in Staple hall, and al gentlemen and other lodged in other places right well prepared of all necessaries for their cōmyng: & for solas was builded a banquetyng house, 80. foote round, after a goodly deuise, builded vpō Mastes of shippes in suche maner as I thinke was neuer sene, for in it was the whole spere por∣trated, whiche by reason of the great winde that blewe, could not be a∣cheued, thesame day at night, the kyng & .xv. persones were apparelled all in blacke Ueluet couered with cloth of gold, cut on the veluet, faste∣ned w^t knottes of gold, on the whiche knottes honge spangels of gold like tuftes, and bonettes of thesame and clokes of crimosyn Satten & cloth of gold wrapped trauers, and their buskyns of thesame clothe of gold. All these lustie maskers went to the Emperors lodgyng and wer receiued and in the chambre of presens daūced and reuelled, the whiche at the Emperors request, the kyng and other theimselues disuisered, whereby the kyng was knowen: then the kyng toke his leaue and de∣parted for that night.

Tewsday the .xii. day of Iulye, because the banquet house could not be finished, the Emperor and the lady Margaret supped with the king & the quene at the Checker, where thesame night after supper reuelled lxxxxvi. Maskers: after the reuelles was a banquet: After whiche banquet the kyng brought the Emperor and the ladie Margaret to the Staple, and after withdrewe him.

This night was .viii. compaignies of maskers, and in euery com∣paignie .xii. persones all in gold, siluer and veluet richely apparelled, but because the rome was small, the shewe was the lesse.

In these reuelles were put in maskers apparel diuers gentlemen of the Frenche court vnwetyng to y^e kyng or any other that bare rule, for diuers yong gentlemen of the Frenche court fauored more the Frenche partie, then the Emperors partie, through whiche meanes they saw and muche more heard then they should haue done.

Friday, the .xiii. day of Iuly, the Emperor did intend to haue depar∣ted from Caleys, but the counsail was suche that he departed not that night. The charters before tyme cōcluded, there were redde, and to the Emperor declared all the whole articles of high peace and league tri∣pertite, to whiche the Frenche kyng had assented and fully contented, & for the more exemplificacion of thesame, he sent thelorde de Roche with

letters of credēce to signifie to the Emperors Maiestie that to thesame articles he the Frenche kyng promised in the worde of a king as prince faythfull, to obserue & kepe for him and his realme & subiectes. Thus by the lorde de Roche in the Emperors presēce & before the king of En∣gland in the name of his master there shewed the Frenche kynges will in the toune of Caleys with many high and vrgent causes concernyng the princes, whereby the Emperor went not out of Calays that night, by whiche abode the Emperors seruauntes were muche in doubt of the Emperors persone.

Saterday the .xiiii. day of Iuly, about none the Emperor toke leaue of the quene of England his aunte and of her traine of ladies, the kyng with all his nobles conducted the Emperor on hisway to a village to∣wardes Flaūders called Wael, where the Emperor enbrased the kyng, and him betoke to almightie God, and the kyng gaue to him a courser of Naples richely apparelled.

The kyng toke leaue of the Duches of Sauoye great aunte to the Emperor and of all nobles of the Emperors court, & so departed, smal tyme in Calayce the kyng made abode, but in goodly hast shipped and with the quene and all other nobles in safetie tooke lande. And after passed the tyme of Sommer with huntyng and other sportes honora∣bly and made no great iestes this yere.

This yere the kyng kept his Christmas at his Maner of Grene∣wiche with muche noblenes & open court. And the .x. day of February in his owne person Iusted to all comers, and the .xii. day his grace and therle of Deuonshyre with .iiii. aydes answered at the Turnay all co∣mers whiche wer .xvi. persones, noble and riche was their apparel, but in feates of armes the kyng excelled the rest.

In this tyme was Edwarde Duke of Buckyngham accused to the kyng of high treason,* 15.13 wherfore the kynges grace by the aduise of his coūsail, sent & directed his letters to the sayd duke, beyng at his maner of Thornbury in the countie of Glocester, that incontinent he should come to his presence all excuses layde aside. Also the kyng gaue com∣maundement to sir Willyam Cumpton, sir Richard Weston, and sir Willyam Kyngston knightes for the kynges body, to take with them secret power and also seriauntes at armes, and that thei should wisely take hede that when the duke had receiued the kynges letters, he shuld not conuey himselfe, whiche they wisely accomplished.

The sayd Duke vpon the sight of the kynges letters remoued, & so iornied tyll he came to Wyndsore, and there offered at S. George, and alwayes not farre from him awaityng his demeanor, were thesame knightes liyng. The duke lodged in Wyndsore for that night, and as it was well proued, he meruailously feared, insomuche that he called vnto him a seruaunt of the kynges named Thomas Ward, thesame Thomas Ward was gentleman Herbenger for the kyng, and demaū∣ded of him what he made there, who answered, saiyng that ther lay his

office, there the duke perceiued that he could not escape. And so muche was he in spirit troubled that as he was at breakefast his meat would not doune, yet he made good countenaunce, and shortly toke his horse, and so rode till he came to Tothill besides Westminster where he toke his barge: before this tyme was the dukes chauncellour taken and as a prisoner kept in the tower, whiche had confessed matter of high trea∣son concernyng the kynges persone.

When the Duke was in his barge, he commaunded to lande at my lorde Cardinals bridge, where he landed with foure or fiue of his ser∣uauntes, desiryng to see thesame lorde Cardinall, but to him was an∣swered how the same lorde was diseased, well sayd the duke yet will I drynke of my lordes wyne or I passe, then a gentleman of my lordes brought the Duke with muche reuerence into the Seller, where the duke dranke.

When he sawe and perceiued no chere to him was made, he chaun∣ged colour and so departed to his barge, saiyng to his seruauntes, I meruail where my chauncellor is, that he cōmeth not to me, not know∣yng that he was in prison.

The duke thus in his barge cōmyng towardes London, sir Henry Marney capitaine of the Kynges Garde, on him attendyng C. yomen of the Kynges garde in a barge on the ryuer of Thames met the same duke, and without abode borded the dukes barge & him in the Kynges name attached. And then from him were put his seruauntes, and the duke was brought to the Haie wharfe and there landed, the dukes ser∣uauntes were commaunded to go to the Maner of the Rose in sainct Larence Pountnay, and there to abide tyll the Kynges pleasure were further knowen.

Sir Henry Marnay brought the duke through the Thames strete to the Tower of London, the people muche mused what the cause might he, and for trouth till it was knowen, among theim was muche speakyng. There was also attached a Monke of a Charter house be∣sides Bristow called Henton, also Master Ihon Delaker the Dukes Confessor, and the dukes Chauncellor before mencioned, al were in the Tower prisoners. The .xvi. day of April was the same Duke brought to the Tower. Alas the while that euer ambicion should be the losse of so noble a man, and so muche in the kynges fauor, by him all lordes and other may beware how they geue credence to false prophesies or false hypocrites. For a Monke of the Charter house shewed the duke that he should be kyng of England, whiche to the kynges persone could be no higher treason. Alas that euer he gaue credence to suche a false traitor.

The .xiii. yere.

IN this tyme inquiries were made in diuers shyres of Ed∣ward duke of Buckyngham beyng prisoner in the tower of London, where, by the knightes and gentlemen, there he was endited of high treason for certaine wordes spo∣ken by thesame duke in Blechy••gly to the lorde Abur∣genye, thesame Lorde was attached for consailement, and the Lorde Mountague the kynges Cosyn and both ledde to the Tower. And sir Edward Neuel knight, brother to the sayd lorde Aburgeney forbidden the kynges presence.

The Duke of Northfolke was made by the kinges letters patentes high Steward of Englande, to accomplishe the high cause of appele of the Piere or Pieres of the realme, and to decerne & iudge the causes of the piers. &c.

Wherfore shortly after was made in Westmynster hall a scaffolde for the lordes and a presence for a Iudge railed and counter railed a∣bout, and barred with degrees. The Duke of Northfolke was chiefe Iudge, and many Pieres of the realme, as the Duke of Suffolke, the Marques Dorcet, the Erles of Worcester, Deuonshyre, Essex, Shre∣wisbury, Kent, Oxford, and Darby, the lorde of S. Ihons, lorde De∣laware, lorde Fitz Warren, lorde Wylloughby, lorde Broke, lorde Cobham, lorde Harbert, and the lord Morley, satte as Peres & iudges vpon thesame duke of Buckyngham.

When the lordes had taken their places, sir Thomas Louel and sir Richard Chomley knightes, brought the duke to the barre with thaxe of the Tower before him, who humbly bareheaded reuerēced the duke of Northfolke, and after all the lordes and the kinges lerned counsail, Then the Clarke of y^e counsail sayd, sir Edward Duke of Buckynghā hold vp thy hande, thou art endited of high treason, for that thou trai∣torously hast conspired and ymagined as farte as in thee lay to shorten the life of our soueraigne lorde the kyng: of this treason how wilt thou acquite thee, the Duke answered by my Peres.

And when thenditement was openly redde, the Duke sayd it is false and vntrue, and conspired and forged to bryng me to my death, & that will I proue, allegyng many reasons to falsefy the inditement, and a∣gainst his reasons the kynges Atturnay alleged the examinacions, cō∣fessions and proues of witnesses.

The Duke desired the witnesses to be brought furth, then was brought before him sir Gylbert Perke priest his Chauncellor, fyrst accusor of thesame Duke, Master Ihon Delacourt priest, the Dukes Confessor and his owne hand writyng layde before him to the accuse∣ment of the duke. Charles Kneuet Esquyer Cosyn to the Duke, and a Monke, Prior of the Charterhouse besides Bathe, whiche like a false

ypocrite had enduced the Duke to the treason, and had diuers tymes sayd to the duke that he should be kyng of England, but the duke sayd that in himselfe he neuer consented to it. Diuers presumpcions and ac∣cusementes wer layde to him by Charles Kneuet, whiche he would fain haue couered. The deposicions were redde, and the deponentes were deliuered as prisoners to the officers of the Tower.

Then spake the Duke of Northfolke, and sayd my lorde, the kyng our soueraigne Lorde hath commaunded, that you shall haue his lawes ministred with fauor and right to you. Wherfore if you haue any other thing to say for your selfe you shallbe hard. Then he was commaunded to withdrawe him, & so was led into Paradise a house so named. The lordes went to counsail a great while and after tooke their places. Then sayd the Duke of Northfolke to the Duke of Suffolke, what say you of sir Edward Duke of Buckyngham tou∣chyng the high treasons? the Duke of Suffolke answered, he is giltie, and so sayd the Marques and all the other Erles & lordes: Thus was this prince duke of Buckyngham founde giltie of high treason by a Duke, a Marques, vii. Erles, and .xii. Barons.

The Duke was brought to the barre sore chafyng and swette mer∣uailously, after he had made his reuerēce, he paused a while. The duke of Northfolke as a Iudge sayd, sir Edward, you haue heard how you be indited of high treason, you pleaded thereto not giltie, puttyng your selfe to the Peres of the realme, the whiche haue found you giltie: then the Duke of Northfolke wept and sayd, you shalbe l••dde to the kynges prison and there layde on a Herdill and so drawen to the place of execucion,* 15.14 and there to be hanged, cutte doune a liue, your membres to be cutte of and cast into the fyer, your bowels brent before you, your head smytten of, and your body quartered and deuyded at the kynges will, and God haue mercy on your soule. Amen.

The Duke of Buckingham sayd, my lorde of Northfolke, you haue sayd as a traytor should be sayd vnto, but I was neuer none, but my lordes I nothyng maligne for that you haue done to me, but the eter∣nal God forgeue you my death and I do: I shal neuer sue to the kyng for life, howbeit he is gracious prince, and more grace may come from him then I desire. I desire you my lordes and all my felowes to pray for me.

Then was the edge of the axe turned towardes him, and so led into a barge, sir Thomas Louell desired him to sytte on the cusshyns and carpet ordained for him, he sayd nay, for when I went to Westminster I was duke of Buckyngham, nowe I am but Edwarde Bowhen the mooste caitiffe of the worlde. Thus they landed at the Temple, where receiued him sir Nicholas Uawse & sir Willyam Sandes Baronetes and led him through the citie, who desired euer the people to pray for him, of whom some wept and lamented, and sayd, this is thende of euil

life. God forgeue him, he was a proude prince, It is pitie that he beha∣ued him so against his kyng and liege lorde, whō God preserue. Thus aboute .iiii. of the clocke he was brought as a cast man to the Tower.

Frydaie the .xvii. day of Maie, about .xi. of the clocke. This duke w^e a great power was deliuered to Ihon Kyeme and Ihon Skeuyngton shyriffes, who led him to the skaffolde on Tower hill, where he sayd he had offended the kynges grace through negligence and lacke of grace, and desired al noblemen to beware by him, and al men to pray for him, and that he trusted to dye the kynges true man. Thus mekely with an a••e he toke his death, on whose soule Iesu haue mercy. Then the Au∣gustine friers toke the body & head and buried them. Alas that euer the grace of truth was w^tdrawen frō so noble a man, that he was not to his kyng in alegeaunce as he ought to haue been, suche is thende of ambi∣cion, thende of false prophesies, thende of euil life and euil counsail.

About this tyme Fraunces the Frenche kyng made open warre a∣gainst the Emperor Charles both by lande and sea. The Prouinces of Aragon, Castle, and all Spayne, Germany, Brabant, Flaunders & the steades mainteined the partie of the Emperor. The kynges highnes cōsideryng y^e murder & effusion of Christen bloud, and the trouble that might ensue to al the princes of Christendome, by inuasion of the great Turke, sent the Cardinal of Yorke his Chaūcellor by name lord Tho∣mas Wols••y to his toune of Calayce to intreate an amitie and peace betwene those two mightie princes. For this voiage great preparacion was made, not onely for him but also for the Erle of Worcestre then lorde Chamberlayn, the lord of sainct Iohns, the lord Ferryes, the lord Harbert, the bishop of Duresme, the bishop of Ely, the Primate of Ar∣micane, sir Thomas Boleyn, sir Ihon Peche, sir Iohn Hussey, sir Ri∣chard Wyngfelde, sir Henry Gildforde, and many other knightes, Es∣quiers, gentlemen, Doctors, and learned menne. And thus honorably accompanied he rode through London the .xxv. day of Iuly, & at Tho∣mas Beckettes house the Maier and Aldermen toke leaue of him, prai∣yng God to send him good spede, Thus passed he to Cātorbury where tharchebishop, and the bishop of Cātorbury and other places receiued him in pontificalibus and brought him to his lodgyng vnder Canape to the bishoppes palayce: the .viii. day of Iulye he came to Douer: the xx. day he and thother lordes with their retinues toke passage, & ariued at Calayce in safetie, where the lord Deputie & counsail receiued them with muche honor, and lodged the Cardinal in the Staple hall.

Shortly after whose ariuall, came thether y^e Chauncelor of Fraūce, and the Countie de Palays with .iiii.C. horse, as ambassadors frō the Frenche kyng. And likewise from the Emperor came great Ambassa∣dors, and when thei satte in counsail, the Emperors Ambassade shewed their Commission & power. And euen so did the Frenche kynges Am∣bassade, whiche was more larger then the Emperors commission.

Thus when the grudges were declared on bothe sides, when the Em∣perors Ambassadors cōsented to peace, the Frenche kynges would not. And when the Frenche Ambassadors cōsented to peace, the Emperors would not. The Cardinal then would haue knitted the Emperor, the kyng our soueraigne lorde, the Frenche kyng, and the bishop of Rome in a league and amitie together: the other Ambassadors had no suche Commission, especially the bishop of Romes, wherevpon letters were sent to Rome in all hast and the Frenchmen taried in Calayce till he re∣turned, & beheld the toune, with whiche the counsail of Calaice wer not contented. Herevpon the Cardinal rode to the Emperor accompanied with his Ambassadors (and left the Frenche ambassadors in Calaice to abide his returne) and passed by Grauelyng, Dūkirke, Newport, Ow∣denborow, & sundry tymes in the waie he was encoūtred and receiued with noble men. And without Bruges he was receiued with many no∣ble men, and many lordes and other of the Emperors court, and a myle without Bruges the Emperor his owne persone met him, and shewed to him and to the other lordes & gentlemen of Englād gracious coun∣tenaūce, & so accompanied y^• Cardinal into the toune, where great mul∣titude of people beheld them, & so rode to the Emperors palayce where he lighted, and fyrst embrased the Cardinal and after all the lordes, knightes, and gentlemen of Englande. It is to suppose the Emperor knewe of the Commission geuen to the sayd Cardinal, whiche had the kynges power as if his grace had been present, and also had the great seale w^t him, whiche had not been seen before, or els the Emperor would not haue done him so high honor and reuerence.

The Englishe lordes, knightes, esquiers, yomen of the kinges gard & other beyng to the nomber of .iiii.C.lx. horse, were well lodged euery man after his degree, and euery lodgyng furnished with fewell, bread, bere, wyne, Beues, Muttons, Ueles, Lambes, Uenison, and all maner deintie viand aswell in fishe as fleshe, with no lacke of spices and ban∣kettyng dishes.

The next day after the great chere made to y^e lorde Cardinal & to all his lordes, knightes, gentlemen, and all other lordes and knightes of England (in whose presence) the Cardinal made his proposicion cōcer∣nyng peace to be had betwene the sayd Emperor and the Frenche kyng declaryng the calamities, misery, and wretchednes that came by warre: and the cōmodities, benefite, and welth that came by peace, concorde & trāqulitie, whiche proposicion continued a great while: and when the Cardinal had made an ende, the Emperor himselfe answered and sayd: The lawe God byndeth euery man to claime and aske his right, & that thesame lawe byndeth no man to holde, kepe, and withstande another mans right. Our cosyn of Fraunce doeth withholde our rightes & pa∣trimonies whiche we haue princely desired, & eftsones wil, and if he wil rendre to vs our sayd rightes & patrimonies, we are contented to haue peace with him and his subiectes, if not we trust in God and our right

that the troubles by your fatherhed rehersed, shal come vpon him and his adherentes. And for the titles of our regalitie, to putte that to the bishop of Rome, we do consider that kyng Edwarde of Englande the third of that name of noble memory, warred by iust title to recouer the realme of Fraunce from Philip de Ualois, whiche title by intercession was put to the bishop of Rome & his court, to discusse & expended there by y^• space of .xxiii. yeres vndetermined, notwithstāding great pursuite & labor was made to haue it ended: Suche like tyme should be to vs tedious, wherfore we entende by the ayde of God to folowe our title.

The Cardinal replied and declared the league that was betwene the thre mightyest princes of the worlde, that is to say, the Emperor, the kyng our soueraigne lorde Henry the .viii. and the Frenche kyng, and how that to the prince that fyrst moued warre, the other two should be enemies vnto him, and sayd, beholde the mightie power and puissaunt realme, riches, shippes, vitailes, and ordinaūce, lordes, chiualry, horse∣men, archers and comminaltie, this is in the high and mightie kyng of England my soueraigne lord, and he that fyrst warre beginneth, by the sayd league my sayd soueraigne lorde to his honor may lefully spr••d his baner and make warre in defence of his frende. For this and other thynges my soueraigne lorde desires of your highnes and Maiesrie the consent of peace.

My lorde Cardinal sayd the Emperor, I esteme moste the honor of my dere vncle the kyng of Englande and trust in his assuraunce, that neither his royall person, his realme, his power, Nauye, nor ordinaūce shalbe but to our ayde in assistyng our tried title, nor will cōsent to any thyng in dishonoryng vs or our Empire: God defende but we should humble our selfe to his request, our high honor reserued. Lorde God who may esteme more higher iniuries and wronges then we in our per∣son, our predecessours, and our louyng subiectes haue endured by the house of Fraunce. My lorde Cardinall sayd the Emperor, their pride with our honor we may & must apprehende and ouerthrow by the help of God: With these wordes the counsail brake vp.

All the lordes and menne of honor of England that day dyned in the Emperors court.

When they were set and serued, it came so to passe that an honorable man of the Emperors as he sat at dyner sayd thus. It is thought that the kynges Maiestie of Englande entendeth to make a peace. Alas that euer he should ymagyn a thyng so muche to the dishonor of the Emperor. The kyng is his vncle, is it not come to his hearyng that all the worlde heareth? It was so that by assent of the bishoppe of Rome and other princes to make peace with vs, the Frenche partie after the battail of Gyngate obtained by Maximilian then arche∣duke of Osteriche, where euerye noble manne of vs fought with the Frenchmen quarter naked, and slewe of theim a meruailous nom∣ber. They desired the doughter of Maximilian named Margarete

to wife, whiche lady is Duches of Sauoy and yet liuyng, & she beyng like an Emperors childe was deliuered into their handes as quene of the realme, with diuers tounes in Picardie rēdred with her and partie of high Burgonie, and treasure meruailous. Now•• sithen thesame Maximilian had spoused Iane doughter and heire of Fraunces duke of Britaigne, whiche lande the Frenchemen ouer rāne and spoiled, and she constrained to sue vnto Charles kyng of Fraunce for a safe con∣duict to passe through his realme to Maximilian her spouse, and vpon the same safe conduict graunted, the sayd ladie Iane passyng through Fraunce with a small company, was by y^• same Charles taken at Am∣bois & there maried her against her will, whervpon he forsoke the lady Margarete and sent her againe to her father themperor without redy∣liuer or rendryng againe the tounes that were deliuered with her. And where as the duke of Geldre is subiect to the Emperor, is he not yet at this day by the procurement of the Frenche kyng, rebell? And where also by iust title the realme of Naples ought to be vnited to the croune of Castle, did not the Frenche kyng faine a iorney into the holy lande pretendyng title by Ieniamy brother to the great Turke beyng then captiue in Rome, and by a craftie treatie obtained the sayd Ieniamy, & so passed into Naples without perill, and seazed all the lande into his handes, & then prisoned he thesame Ieniamy? Thus to the great dam∣mage of Castle, he made claime to Naples by Margaret quene of En∣gland late wife to Henry the vi.

The kyng of Nauerne is euermore vassal to the house of Aragon & Castell, yet the Frenche kyng caused him to rebell, hopyng thereby to subdue the sayd countreys.

Of late daies the Frenche kyng by false treason caused sir Robert de la Marche to submitte himselfe to the Emperors Maiestie, who re∣ceiued him vpō his othe & fidelitie, pardonyng all offences past. Is not this false traitor returned, and is of the Frenche partie? How may that court, that counsail, that kyng, that realme that consenteth to treason & periury by maintenaunce of traitors be called honorable? Hath not the Frenche kyng sworne, and is bounden neuer to retaine the Switchers in wages to make warre against the Emperor? & yet doth at this day, And albeit that his Maiestie speaketh not of these thinges, yet he well considereth them. I trust verely sayd this noble man that God sayeth, v••••e Burgoigne, euery man that heard this rehersall, knewe that it was true, howbeit he was not answered, but some Englishe knightes sayd, sir you haue sayd well, and as God will all must be. Thus was this narracion ended.

In this season the Emperor gatte the toune of Mewzon: Also of the Emperors partie a great army arriued in the Duchy of Mylan & also the Emperors power besieged the noble citie of Messiers, but the capi∣taine called Franciscus was suspected of treason, for he remoued with

the hoste from the seage without knowlege of the Emperor.

The Emperor made a seage volant aboute the citie of Turnay, for the reskue wherof and also of Messiers the French kyng made a great army and him selfe in person.

Duryng this seage the Frenchemen toke a Spaniardes ship laden with Englishemens goodes at Margate within the kinges streames, not without great slaughter on both parties, yet the Frenchemen were C.lx. men, and of Spaniardes and Englishemen only .xxv.

The kyng of Denmarke Cristianus came to se themperor his bro∣ther in law beyng a stately prince, yet meanes was made that the lorde Cardinal and he spake together without great signe of amitie.

The lorde Cardinal after he had soiorned in Bruges by the space of xiii. daies & concluded diuers matters with the Emperor & accompli∣shed his cōmission: he tooke leaue of his Maiestie, and likewise did all the noblemen of England, & after cōuenient iornies ariued with al his company at Calyce, where thembassadors of Fraunce taried him, & im∣mediatly after his ariuyng he treated w^t thē of peace, yet not so ernest∣ly as he did before & that perceiued well the sayd Ambassadors & wrote therof to the Frēche kyng, yet the welth & prosperitie of both y^e realmes and their subiectes were highly reasoned betwene the Cardinal and the sayd Ambassadours, especially for fishyng, wherevpon was concluded that the subiectes of both the princes might freely fishe on the sea, and repaire to any porte of thone or thother prince without robbyng, spoy∣lyng, or takyng vnto the second day of February next.

The Frenche kyng with a mightie army & himself in person repaired to the coūtrey of Cambray, mindyng to passe the streites, but they wer w^tstanded by the Emperors power, yet he cōtinued there frō October vnto Nouembre w^tout any thing doyng, to the great displeasure of the French kyng. The duke Daleson hearyng that, made preparacions w^t the Almaynes to passe the marrys by the point Dassans & there the Al∣maynes had made bridges of Pypes and vessels, and brought thither their great ordinaunce. The Emperor beyng in the toune of Ualēcian and therof aduertised, caused stronge watche to be made, and as they would haue passed, the bastarde Emery, & the capitaine of Gaunt with xii.C. men mette with them, where was a great conflicte and many men slaine, and at the last the Almaines wer put to flight and their bridges and other prouisions broken: Of the Frenche partie wer slaine in this conflicte .xiiii.C. men, and of the Burgonians were slaine the bastarde Emery, the capitaine of Gaunte and iiii.C. men.

The lord Cardinal after he had long treated with the Ambassadors of Fraunce and could not bryng theim to no conformitie of peace, he sent to the Emperor the lord of sainct Ihons and sir Thomas Boleyn knight to aduertise his Maiestie therof.

Likewise the sayd lorde Cardinal sent to the Frenche kyng the Erle of Worcester and the bishop of Ely to exhorte his grace to peace, he hard theim, but he gaue theim but fewe woordes to answere, and after they had been .xix. or .xx. daies in his hoost, they tooke leaue and retur∣ned to Calyce.

Duryng the continuaunce of the Cardinall in Calayce all writtes and patentes wer there by him sealed and no shyriffes chosen for lacke of his presence.

The kyng of Hungary sent an Ambassador to the kynges highnes for ayde against the Turke, whom the Cardinall honorably entertay∣ned duryng his abode in Calayce. His commyng was for ayde as men sayd against the Frenche kyng.

The lorde Cardinal after the returne of the Englishe Ambassadors from the Emperour and from the Frenche kyng, tooke shippyng and landed at the porte of Douer, the .xxvii. day of Nouember, and there toke his iorney to Blechyngly, where the kinges grace welcomed him, geuyng him also thankes for his great paines and trauail.

This tyme the Frenche kyng layde seage to the toune and Castle of Hedyng, the Burgonions perceiuyng they were not furnished for the defence thereof, forsoke the sayd toune and castle and fledde into Flaunders to no litle reioysyng of the sayd Frenchemen.

The Admyrall of Fraunce named Mounsire Bonyfet with a pu∣issaunt armye made signe as though he would passe into Nauerne, howbeit sodainly he reculed with his hoost and beseaged the toune of Fontraby in Biskay, and brake the fyrst, second, and third walle therof with his ordinaunce meruailously: And after gaue a freshe assault to the same. The Spaniardes (notwithstandyng that the ordinaunce was caryed into Nauerne for defence thereof) defended theimselfes manfully and slewe of the Frenchemen .vi. hundreth and moo, and of the Spaniardes .lx. slaine. Then the capitaine of Fon∣traby made serche what vitailes was in the toune, and founde that there was but for two meles, he called the inhabitauntes and menne of warre together declaryng their great necessitie, and sayd the bat∣tery of the walles discorages vs not, but the great necessitie of vic∣talles, wherfore we must do like the Wolfe that runneth from the wood for hunger to his death, and consideryng the great scarcitie of vitailes in Byskay, by meanes whereof we cannot be vitailed we must nedes rendre the toune. Neuerthelesse they kept the toune seuen daies after that they had neither bread, fleshe fruite nor oyles in the same, but onely herbes and water, yet at last herbes fail••d also, by meanes wherof they rendred the toune by composicion, and or the Frenchemen entered, they deliuered the Englishemen all their goodes out of the toune.

The Frenche kyng liyng enbattailed in the countrey of Cambray sodainly brake his campe, not muche to his honor. Great warres was this tyme in Italye, in so muche that the Emperours hoost wanne the citie and countrey of Mylan to the high displeasure of the Frenche kyng, for he lost there many of his nobles and other capitaines & men of warre.

Thus the Frenche kyng returned into his countrey without resku∣yng the citie of Turnay, neuerthelesse he sent them a letter whiche was taken by the people of the Countye of Nasson, the tenour whereof foloweth.

Trustie and welbeloued we grete you well, lettyng you to we••e that dayly before vs appeareth your true faythfull seruices, by that you abode within our citie of Turnay with great ieopardie, to the muche honor of vs and our realme, and to your praise and manly fame for e∣uer, and vs to be your good lorde for the deme••ites of your so high seruices. And where as we entended the relief and reskue of you and oure sayd subiectes and citie of Turnay, we consideryng the weale of our persone and realme, haue remoued vs from that purpose. Where∣fore we may no more say vnto you but God and Mounsire sainct De∣nys be your succours.

When the Countie of Nasson knewe that no reskew should come, he then sent for more people and ordinaunce and planted siege on all parties of the citie. Then the capitaine of the Castell and Prouost of the citie after thei knewe of the Frenche kynges retreite, and after long consultacion amongest them had, rendred the Citie and Castle by ap∣pointment, that is to say, that the Burgeises should haue .xv. daies to depart with bagge and baggage, leuyng behynd them all the ordinaū∣ces aswel of the Castle as of the Citie. Thus was the Castle and Citie of Turnay rendred into the Emperors handes the last day of Nouem∣ber, the yere of our lorde God M.D.xxi.

This yere many goodly and gorgious Mōmeries were made in the court to the great reioysing of the Quene and ladies and other nobles beyng there.

The last day of December the Cardinal accompaignied the Empe∣rors Ambassadours to the court where they were honorably receiued and highly feasted duryng their abode there, and many sumptuous and gorgious disguisynges, enterludes and bankettes made in the same season.

Pope Leo dyed and Adryan chosen.

This yere was a great pestilence and death in London & other pla∣ces of the realme, and many noble capitaines died, as the lorde Broke, sir Weston Browne, sir Ihon Heron, sir Edward, sir Ihon Peche and muche other people.

The bishop of London Doctor Fitz Iames likewise deceased this yere, and Doctor Tunstall was preferred to thesame benefice.

The lorde Thomas Hawarde erle of Surrey, came out of Ireland to the court the .xxv. day of Ianuary, when he had been there the space of .xx. monethes in great trauail & pain, and often tymes sore troubled by the wylde Irishe, howbeit by his noblenes and manhod he brought the lordes of Ireland to the kynges due obeysaunce, and had of them many victories to his perpetual laude and praise.

The Frenchemen this tyme spoiled & shamefully robbed the kynges subiectes on euery coast of the sea, so that wheresoeuer the kyng roade his poore subiectes came with lamentacions and cryes shewyng his grace of the crueltie of the Frenchemen & of their inhumaine dealyng with them, but euer the Frenche Ambassadours promised restitucion of euery thyng but none was restored.

In this moneth of Ianuary, the kyng commaunded all his shippes of warre to be made in a readynes, whiche was done with all diligēce.

About this tyme the duke of Albany arriued in Scotland, notwith∣standyng that the Frenche kyng sware vnto the Cardinall that he should neuer come into Scotlande without the kyng our souereigne lordes consent, but for all that he had cōmission frō the Frenche kyng although the Frenche kyng wrote to y^• kyng that he was entred Scot∣lande without his assent.

The second day of February, the kyng beyng at Grenewiche, came thether the Cardinal with a Legacion from Leo bishop of Rome, and also his ambassadour, on whō waited many a nobleman, the kyng met them at his chamber doore welcōmyng them as though they had both come from Rome. Then sayd the Cardinal, high and victorious kyng it hath pleased our lorde God to indue your grace with a great multi∣tude of manifolde graces as a kyng electe in fauor of the high heauen, and so appeareth presently by your noble persone, so formed & figured in shape and stature with force and pulchritude, whiche signifieth the present pleasure of our lorde God wrought in your noble grace. And further he praised his wisedome, prudence, and learnyng, with many other goodly wordes in the praise of his most noble grace. And finally the Cardinal declared how the sayd bishop of Rome had sent his high∣nes an Acte in Bull vnder leade, declaryng therein his grace to be the defendor of the Christian fayth,* 15.15 and his successors for euermore.

And when his grace had receiued the sayd Bull and caused it to be redde & published, he went to his chapell to heare Masse accompanied with many nobles of his realme and also with Ambassadors of sundry princes, the Cardinall beyng reuested to syng Masse, the Erle of Essex brought the Bason with water, the duke of Suffolke gaue thassay, the duke of Northfolke helde the towell, and so proceded to Masse. And that done gaue vnto all them that heard the Masse cleane remission & blessed the kyng and the Quene and all the people: then was the Bull eftsones declared, and trumpettes blew, the shalmes and saggebuttes plaied in honor of the kynges newe style. Thus his highnes went to

dinuer. In the middes whereof, the kyng of Heraldes and his compai∣gnie began the larges, criyng. Henricus dei graria rex. Anglie, & Francie, defensor fide••, & dominus H••••ernie, thus ended the dinner, with muche habundance of vitaill and wyne, to all maner of people.

The .x. daie of February, the Lorde Hoote chief Baron of the kynges Eschequer gaue ouer his office, and for hym was admitted by the Car∣dinall, master Ihon Fitz Iames, a right honorable man & well learned.

In this tyme was muche busines betwene themperor & the Frenche kyng, wherefore the kyng sent to the sea sixe good shippes, well manned and vitailed for the warre: the Admirall was called Christopher Coo••a man expert on the sea, for saffegarde of the Merchauntes, and other the kynges subiectes, that were greuously spoyled and robbed on the sea, by Frenchemen, Scottes and other rouers.

This tyme the .viii. daie of February, the lorde Dacres Wardein of the Marches of Scotlande, entered into Scotlande with .v.C. men, by the Kynges commaundement, and there Proclamed that the Scottes should come into the kynges peace, by the first daie of Marche folow∣yng, or els to stande at their perilles, the Duke of Albany beeyng then within fiue miles, with a mightie power of Scottes.

The .xi. daie of February, sir George Neuell lorde a Burgayny, bee∣yng then prisoner in the Tower was brought to Westminster, and ther in the kynges Bēche con••essed his enditement of imprision, in the cause of Edwarde late Duke of Buckyngham to bee true, and after the open confession thereof, led again to the Tower.

The lorde Montacute the kynges cosyn, was about this tyme recō∣ciled to his graces fauor, whiche had been prisoner in the Tower, with sir Edward Neuell knight, this sir Edward Neuell was forbidden the kynges presence, for bearyng fauor to the Duke of Buckyngham.

This yere the second of Marche▪ certain noble men of the Empire ar∣riued in Englande to passe into Spain, who were honorably receiued, and in honor of them greate Iustes and triumphes wer made, and that finished and doen, thei toke their leaue and departed on their iorney.

Also this tyme commission was geuen throughout the realme, for ge∣nerall musters to bee had, to knowe what power might bee made within thesame, & also men sworne of what substaunce and landes thei wer of, And the Cardinall aduertised of thesame: not without grudgyng of the people, & marueilyng why thei should be sworne for their awne goodes.

The citee of London was this moneth aduertised of the commyng of the Emperor, wherefore was made greate preparacion: and the citezens sent the kynges grace one hundred tall men well harnissed, to furnishe his nauie, appoynted to kepe the narowe seas.

The Frenche kyng certified the kynges highnes, by his letters dated in Marche, how the Graunde capitain of Fraunce, the Countie de Pa∣lais, Monsire de Lescue▪ and other noble men of Fraunce, had won the toune of Milain, whiche was not true, for within fiue or sixe daies af∣ter,

it was euidently knowen that the Frenchemen were beaten backe, and had wonne nothyng, to their greate shame and reproche.

Moreouer thesame season the Frenche kyng wrote his lettters to the Seignory and commonaltie of Gean, to sende hym three Carectes, and sixe Galeis furnished for the warres, vnto his porte of Breste, to main∣tein his warres against the foresaied Emperor, who made hym by their letters suche a reasonable excuse, that he was contented to spare theim for that tyme.

The kynges highnes kept this yere his Easter at his manour of Ri∣chemont, and caused his amner to make enquire, eight miles rounde a∣bout thesaid manour, what poore people was in euery parishe. And for the eschuyng of murther, that moste commonly fortuned euery goodfri∣daie, by reason of the great resort of poore people, his grace caused them to be refre••hed with his almose at home at their houses.

Aboute this tyme a rouer or theif of Scotlande, called Duncan Ca∣mell, was after long fight taken on the sea, by a Squier of Cornewall called master Ihon Arondell, and presented to the kynges highnes, who committed hym to the Tower of London, where he remaigned prisoner a long season after.

In the moneth of Marche, as you haue hard before, came certain no∣ble men from the Emperor to the kyng, whiche the more to solace theim enterprised a Iustes, he hymself was chief on the one side, his courser was barded in clothe of siluer, of Denmarke embrodered with .L.L.L. of Golde, and vnder the letters a harte of a manne wounded, and greate rolles of golde with blacke letters, in whiche was written, mon nauera, put together it is, ell mon ceur a nauera, she hath vvounded my harte, and thesame suite was his base.

Then folowed sir Nicholas Carewe, his base and barde was white Damaske, on whiche was embraudered with Clothe of golde: a prison an•• a man lokyng out at a grate, and ouer the prison came from the pri∣soner a rolle, in whiche was written in Frenche, in prison I am at liber∣tie, and at libertie I am in prison, and all his apparell was garded with shakelles of siluer.

Then folowed therle of Deuonshire, the lorde Roos in one suite, their apparell was white veluet, embraudered with clothe of golde, wrought in deuice an harte, trauersed crosse wise with a chayne, the whiche deui∣ded the bard in foure quarters, in twoo quarters was a hande of golde holdyng a spere of the worlde, on the other twoo quarters was twoo handes holdyng twoo plumes of fethers, and on the borders were writ∣ten my harte is betwene ioye and pein.

Then folowed Anthony Kyngston, and Anthony Kneuet, their appa∣rell was a harte bounde in a blewe lace, embroudered on Crimosyn sat∣tin▪ and written aboute with letters of golde, my harte is bounde.

Nicholas Darrel had a bard and base of blacke sattin, embraudered full of hartes, turned or broken of golde, and written in letters of siluer.

my harte is broken.

Last of that bende was Anthony Broune, whiche had a bard of siluer full of speeres of the world broken, set on hartes broken al of gold writ∣ten aboute in letters of b••a••ke 〈◊〉〈◊〉 remedy, without remedy.

Then entered the Duke of Suffolke and his bend, all in bardes and bases of russet veluet and clothe of siluer, embraudered with braunches of paunces of golde, at these Iustes were many speres broken, whiche the straungiers highly commended.

The thirde daie of Marche▪ the Cardinall made to the kyng and the Ambassadors, a greate and a co••••ly banket, and after that, a plaie and a Maske, their garmentes were rui••et sattin and yelowe, all the one side was yelowe, face and legge, and all the other side was russet.

On shrouetewes••aie at night, thesaid Cardinall to the kyng and am∣ba••sadors, made another supper, and after supper thei came into a great chamber hanged with Arras, and there was a clothe of estate, and many br••••unches, and on euery braunche .xxxii. forchettes of waxe, and in the nether ende of thesame chamber was a castle, in whiche was a principall Tower, in whiche was a Cresset burnyng: and twoo other lesse Towers stode on euery side, warded and embattailed, and on euery Tower was a banner, one banner was of in rent hartes, the other was a ladies hand g••••yng a mannes harte, the third banner was a ladies hande turnyng a mannes hart: this castle was kept with ladies of straunge names the first beautie, the second Honor, the third Perseueraunce, the ••ourth Kynd∣n••s, the fifth Constance, the sixte ••••unrie, the seuenthe Mercie, and the ••ight Pitie: these eight ladies had Millian gounes of white sattin, eue∣ry Lady had her name embraudered with golde, on their heddes calles, and Millein bonettes of gold, with Iwelles. Under nethe the basse for∣tresse of the castle were other eight ladies, whose names were, Dangier, Disdain, Gelousie, Vnkyndenes, Scorne, Malebouche, Straungenes, these ladies were tired like to women of Inde. Then entered eight Lordes in clothe of golde cappes and all, and greate mantell clokes of blewe sat∣tin, these lordes were named, A morus, Noblenes, Youthe, Attendaunce L••yaltie, Pleasure, Gentlenes, and Libertie, the kyng was chief of this compaignie, this compaignie was led by one all in crimosin sattin with burnyng flames of gold, called Ardent Desire, whiche so moued the La∣dies to geue ouer the Castle, but Scorne and Disdain saied thei would holde the place, then Desire saied the ladies should be wonne▪ and came and encoraged the knightes, then the lordes ranne to the c••stle, (at whi∣che tyme without was shot a greate peale of gunnes) and the ladies de∣fended the castle with Rose water and Comfirtes, and the lordes threwe in Dates and Orenges, and other fruites made for pleasure, but at the laste the place was wonne, but Lady Scorne and her compaignie stub∣b••••nely defended theim with boows and ba••les, till thei were driuen out of the place and ded. Then the lordes toke the ladies of honor as priso∣ners by the handes, and brought them doune, and daunced together ve∣ry

pleasauntly, whiche much pleased the straungers, and when thei had daunced their fill, then all these disuisered themselfes and wer knowen: and then was there a costly banket, and when all was doen, the straun∣giers tooke their leaue of the kyng and the Cardinall, and so departed into Flaunders, geuyng to the kyng muche commendacion.

The kyng like a prince whiche forseeth all thynges, sawe what warre was likely to ensue, caused the erle of Surtey his high Admirall, to put in readines his nauie, bothe for the conduictyng of the Emperoure into Englande, and also for the defence of his subiectes, whiche were daily robbed and spoyled on the sea, whiche lorde Admiral toke suche diligēce with the helpe of sir Willyam Fitz Willyam his Uice Admirall, that al the shippes by the beginnyng of Aprill, were rigged and trimmed, and in especial the Henry grace of due, the kynges greate ship, was brought out of the riuer of Thamis into the Dounes, redy to saile whether God and the kyng would.

In this yere at the Assise, kept at the castle of Cambridge in Lent, the Iustices, and all the gentlemen, Bailiffes and other, resortyng thether, toke suche an infeccion, whether it wer of the sauor of the prisoners, or of the filthe of the house, that many gentlemen, as sir Ihon Cut, sir Giles Alyngton knightes, and many other honest yomen thereof died, and all moste all whiche were there present, wer sore sicke and narrowly escaped with their liues. And this yere also died Sir Edwarde Pownynges, knight of the Gartier, sir Ihon Pechy, and sir Edwarde Belknap, vali∣aunt capitaines, whiche wer suspected to be poysoned, at a banket made at Arde, when the twoo kynges met last.

This yere also, was not without Pestilence nor Derthe of Corne, for Whe••e was sold this yere in the citee of Londō, for .xx.s. a quarter, and in other places, for .xxvi.s.viii.d. And in thesame yere in Decēber, died Leo bishop of Rome, for whom was chosen, one Adriā borne at Utrike the Emperors schoole master. And in thesame moneth Gawan Doglas bisshop of Dunkell in Scotlande, fled out of Scotlande into England because the Duke of Albany was arriued into Scotlande, and had ta∣ken vpon hym to be gouernor of the kyng and the realme to whom the kyng assigned an honest pencion to liue on. But when the king was ad∣uertised, that the Duke of Albany was arriued into Scotland, and had taken the rule of the young kyng, his realme, and he muche doubted the sequele of the matter, consideryng the Duke to be heire apparant to the Croune of Scotlande: wherefore he sent Clarēseaux kyng of Armes in∣to Scotlande, and with commaundement, that he should declare to the Duke of Albany, that his pleasure was, that he should depart y^e realme of Scotlande for twoo causes, the one, because it was promised by the Frenche kyng, at the laste metyng, that he should not come into Scot∣lande, the second was, that the kyng of England was vncle to the kyng of Scottes, and by the very bonde of nature, ought to defende his ne∣phew. Wherefore his nephew beyng young, and in the custodie of hym,

to whom, if the should dye, the realme of Scotlande should discende, he doubted lest he might be brought out of the waie, as other dukes of Al∣bany before had serued the heires of Scotlande: and if he would not a∣uoyde Scotlande, then Clarenseaux was commaunded to defie hym, whiche accordyngly did defie hym, at holy Rode house in Edenbrough, to whom he answered, that niether y^e Frēche kyng, nor the kyng of En∣glande, should let him to come into his naturall countrey, by their agre∣ment: also as touchyng the young kyng, he saied, that he loued hym as his souereigne lorde, and hym would kepe and protest, against al other.

When Clarenseaux had reported his answere to the kyng, then he knewe well that all this was the Frenche kynges dooyng wherefore he prouided in all thynges accordyngly. The erle of Anguishe of Scot∣lande that had maried lady Margaret, the kyng our souereigne lordes sister, late wife vnto kyng Iames of Scotlande, that was slain at Flod∣don felde, was by the Duke of Albany, sent by a coloured Ambassade into Fraunce, where shortely after his arriuyng, he was by the Frenche kyng committed to prison, and his brother likewise, whiche escaped af∣ter as you shall heare.

Also the .vi. daie of Marche, the Frenche kyng commaunded all En∣glishemēnes goodes beyng in Burdeaux to be attached and put vnder a reste: and likewise deteined the kynges tribute, whiche he should haue out of Fraunce, and also the French quenes dowry, and when the kyng sent to hym for it, he euer gaue faire wordes, and made delaies, but none was paied, and euer the Ambassador promised faire.

¶The .xiiii. yere.

THe kyng this yere kept the daie of* 15.16 S. George with great solempnitie, at his manour of Richemond where wer elect to the ordre of the Gartier, Done Ferdinando brother to the Emperor, and Archduke of Oy••trike, and sir Richard Wyngfeld knight by the Emperors meanes, to the which the Emperor had geuen twoo hundred pound pencion, out of the house of Burgoyn, whiche sir Edward Pounynges before had of the Empe∣rors gifte. Duryng this warre betwene the Emperour and the Frenche kyng, and the kyng of Englande liyng still an entreator betwene them, the Englishemen were robbed on bothe sides, and when their wines wer laden at Burdeaux, and ready to depart, it was attached, and the Mer∣chauntes put in prison: the poore fishermen on the coast of Englande, sometyme met with the Frenchemen and them spoyled, but to no recom∣pence of that thei had taken. The Merchauntes of Englande, that had factors at Burdeau••, complained to the kyng of Englande, and shewed hym how the Frenche kyng, contrary to his league and his safeconduit vnder his seale, by his people, had taken their goodes, and emprisoned their factors and frendes, and can haue no remedy. Likewise complay∣ned all the Merchauntes, how their shippes were restrained, in euery

porte of Fraunce, and their goodes rifeled, and could haue no redresse, The kyng and his counsaill, were sory to here the cōplaintes of the mer∣chauntes, and so concluded to sende for the Frenche Ambassadours, to whom the Cardinall saied: sir how is this chaunce happened? you haue promised euer in the name of the kyng your Master, that all leagues, promises, and couenauntes should be kept, & that ful restitucion should bee made of euery hurte and dammage▪ and that ferme peace and amitie should be kept: but contrary to your saiyng our Merchauntes be rob∣bed and spoyled, yea, although he hath graunted his safeconduite, yet thei bee robbed, and staied at Bur••eaux, is this the peace that you and your Master hath promised to bee kepte? is this the amitie that he was sworne to kepe? Is this the woorde of a kyng? Is this the strength of a prince, to breake his safconduite? And where you aduised our merchan∣tes to sue in Fraunce for re••itucion, and did warrant theim to be resto∣red, you haue put theim to co••e and losse, for thei haue sued there long and▪ pent their goodes, without any redresse, and now you haue empri∣soned them, and kept bothe them and their goods, is this iustice? is this restitucion? And all this was your procurement, and now see what is come of your promise, surely this maie not bee suffered, and beside this the kyng is enformed, that the kyng your Master hath spoken by hym, foule and opprobrious wordes yea, in the hearyng of the Englishemen whiche were sore greued to heare suche wordes, and were not able to be reuenged.

The Ambassadour of Fraunce saied, that it was not so as it was re∣ported: well saied the Cardinall, if you note the counsaill of Englande so light as to tel fables you be misauised, but I praie you how often ti∣mes hath the kyng written to your Master, for restitucion of suche ro∣bertes as hath been dooen, and yet can haue no redresse? Wherefore he graūted letters of marke, whiche maie s••and with the league, but Mon∣sire Chas••ilion hath taken Merchauntes of Englande prisoners, and hath lent certain hether for their raūsome, this is open warre & no peace. Master president Polliot or Pulteyne the French Ambassador, answe∣red▪ that surely the matters whiche wer alleged against his Master the Frenche kyng, were but forged matters and not true: but he saied that for a fruthe▪ daily in the Courte of Fraunce, were complaintes made a∣gainst the Englishemen, for greate robberies dooen by theim, aswell on land as sea, affirmyng it to be doen in the Emperors querell▪ and yet the Frenche kyng for the loue he beareth to Englande, letteth his subiectes to bee vnhard, although he daily lament the greate iniury, doen to hym and his subiectes by Englishemen: and ther••••ore my lorde I praie you, beleue no suche tales, till I haue tolde you the truthe.

Then the Cardinall called the ••••ure hostages, that laie here for the paiment of money for Turney and thei foure wer deliuered, to my lorde of sainct Ihones to sir Thomas Louell, to sir Andrew Wyndsore, and to sir Thomas Neuell, euery knight one to kepe safe, and none of their

countrey to speake with them priuely, and the Ambassador was cōmaū∣ded to kepe his house in silence, and not to come in presence, till he was sent for, whiche ordre sore abashed the Frenche hostages, and thambas∣sador, but there was no remedy, and commaundement was geuen to the Maior of London, to attache all the Frenchmen body and goodes, and them to kepe in prison, till he hard farther of the kynges pleasure: then were all the Frenchemen in London and aboute, arrested and broughte to prison, so that al the prisons in and aboute London, wer full of them, some of them escaped by speakyng Dutche, and saied thei wer Flemyn∣ges borne, whiche was not tried.

The kyng for safegard of his Merchaūtes, sent .xxviii. goodly ship∣pes to the sea, well manned and trimmed for the warres, and seuen other shippes he sent toward Scotlande, whiche entered the Frithe▪ and pro∣ferred to enter into the Scottishe shippes that laie in the hauen▪ but the Scottes ran their shippes on land, and the Englishemen folowed with boates and landed, and set the shippes on ••ire, and at Lithe toke certain prisoners, whiche thei brought into Englande, & still the kynges great na••e kepte the narrowe seas, for then was neither peace betwene En∣glande and Fraunce, nor open warre▪ as you you haue hard.

The kyng had perfect knowlege, that Charles the Emperour would be at the kinges toune of Calice the .xxiii. daie of Maie, to passe thorow Englande into Spain, wherefore the kyng sent the Marques Dor••et, accompaignied with diuerse knightes and gentlemen, to receiue hym at Calice, whiche in all hast sped hym thether. Likewise the Cardinal toke his iorney toward Douer the .xx. daie of Maie, and rode through Lon∣don, accompaignied with twoo Erles .xxxvi. Knightes, and a hundred Gentlemen, eight Bishoppes, tenne Abbottes, thirtie Chapelleines, all in veluet and Sattin, and yomen seuen .C, and so by iorneiyng he came to Douer the .xxvi. daie beyng Monday. In the meane season tidynges were brought to the kyng, that the Frenche kyng had sent a great army toward Calice, and the men of warre laie at Abuile, Munstrell, Bullein and aboute▪ nere the Englishe pale. Wherefore the kyng like a Prince that forsawe all, and entendyng not to be disceiued, wrote to his nobles, and citees, and tounes, to prepare certain menne of warre in a readines, whiche was shortly dooen, and so thei were sent to the nauie, so tha•• thei might shortely bee at Calice if nede required.

On Sundaie the .xxv. daie of Maie, the lorde Marques Dorset, the bishop of Chichester, and the lorde de Lawarr, with other noble men, at the water of Grauelyng, receiued the Emperor in the name of the kyng of England, and so the Emperor embraced theim, and he hauyng in his compaignie many noble men, came toward Calice, where at the Turne∣pike in the lordeship of Marke, he was receiued of sir Edwarde Guyl∣ford Marshall of Calice, with fiftie menne of armes richely beleen, and also a hundred archers on horsebacke, then in passyng forward towarde Calice, the ordinaunce shotte terribly, and into Calice he was receiued

with procession, and then by the lorde Barne deputie there, and the coū∣saill of the toune: then was he receiued by the Maior and Aldermen of the toune, and then of the Maior and merchauntes of the Staple, and so conueighed to the Checker, and there lodged.

On the Mondaie, he and al the nobles of Spain, Flaunders, & Ger∣many, toke ship at Calice and landed at Douer, at foure of the Clocke at after noone, and with hym the duke Daluoy, the Prince of Orenge, the Countie Nas••aw, the Countie Uascord, the lorde Ogmond, and the Marques of Brandebrough, all in one ship bote. The Cardinall recei∣ued hym on the Sandes, accompaignied with three hundred Lordes, Knightes, and Gentlemen of Englande: themperor embrased the Car∣dinall, and toke hym by the arme, and so passed forward and toke horses and rode together to Douer Castle, where thei wer lodged. Thenglishe Harbingers di••igently lodged the Emperours train, euery man accor∣dyng of his degree. The kyng of Englande was come to Cantorbury, the .xxvii. daie of Maie, and receiued by the Archbishopp: and hearyng o•• the Emperors arriuall, with a smal compaignie on the Wednesdaie, ••eyng the Assension euen, he rode to Douer, and with muche ioye and gla••nes the Emperour and he met, and there taried the Assension daie, and on Fridaie, the kyng brought the Emperoure aborde on his newe ship, called the Henry grace a dieu, a shippe of .xv.C. and rowed aboute to all his greate shippes, whiche then laie in Douer rode, the Emperor and his lordes, muche praised the makyng of the shippes, and especial∣ly the artilerie, thei saied, thei neuer sawe shippes so armed.

Thesame daie at after none, the two noble princes marched forward to Cantorbury, wher the Maior and Aldermen receiued them, without the toune, with a solempne oracion, to whom the Emperors Secretary answered ornatly. Then the Princes with their sweardes borne naked before theim, and the Emperour on the right hande, entered the citee of Cantorbury, and so with procession were brought to Christes Churche, where the Archebishop and twelue prelates mitered, receiued them vn∣der a Canapy, and so thei offered to the Sacrament, and the Emperor was brought to the Bishoppes palace, where he laie for that night, and the kyng lodged at sainct Augustines. The morowe after, these princes remoued to Sityngbor••e, and the next daie to Rochester, where the Bi∣s••op receiued them with the whole Couent, and on Mondaie thei came to Grauersēde by one of the Clocke, where thei tooke their Barges, and there wer thirtie Barges appoynted, for the straūgiers, and so by .vi. of the clocke thei landed at Grenew••che, thesame Mondaie the .ii. daie of Iune, where the Emperor was of the kyng newly welcōmed, and al his nobilitie, and at the halle doore the Quene and the Princes, and all the Ladies receiued and welcomed hym: and he asked the Quene blessyng, (for that is the fashion of Spain, betwene the Aunte and Nephewe) the Emperor had great ioye to se the Quene his Aunte, and in especiall his young cosyn germain the Lady Mary. The Emperour was lodged in

the kynges lodgyng, whiche was so richely hanged, that the Spanyar∣des wōdered at it, and specially at the riche cloth of estate: nothyng lac∣ked that might begotten, to chere the Emperor and his Lordes, and all that came in his compaignie, were highly feasted.

The Wednesdaie, the more to doo the Emperor pleasure, was prepa∣red a Iustes royall: on the one parte was the kyng, the Erle of Deuon∣shire and .x. more compaignions, al mounted on horsebacke, their appa∣rell and bardes, were of riche Clothe of golde, embroudered with siluer letters, very riche, with greate plumes on their heddes. This compai∣gnie tooke the felde, and rode aboute the tilte: then entered the Duke of Suffolk, and the Marques Dorset, and .x. with them barded, and their apparel was russet veluet, embroudered with sundery knottes, and cul∣pyns of golde. The Emperor and the Quene, with all the nobles stode in the galery, to beholde the doyng. The kyng ran at the duke of Suf∣folk .viii. courses, and at euery course brake his spere. Then euery man ran his courses, and then doen, all ranne together volant, as fast as thei could discharge, and when the speres appoynted were broken, then thei disarmed and went to supper. After supper, the Emperor behelde the la∣dies daunces, and sodainly came to the chamber, sixe noble mē, appare∣led in Crimosin veluet and clothe of golde, and a mantell of taffeta, rol∣led about their bodies, and hooddes and bonettes of clothe of golde, on their heddes, and veluet buskyns on their legges: these Maskers entred and daunced a greate while with the ladies, and sodainly entered sixe o∣ther Maskers with drumslades, appareled in long gounes, and hoddes of clothe of gold, of whiche nomber was the kyng, the duke of Suffolk the prince of Orenge, the Countie of Nassow, the Coūtie of Naueray, & Monsire Egremond. Whē these maskers wer entred, the other auoyded and then thei toke ladies and daunsed, so that the straūgers much prai∣sed them, & when the tyme came, euery person departed to their lodgyng.

Thursdaie, thei that Iusted the other daie, appoynted theimselfes to Tornay, & as the kyng was armyng him, there came to him one George Luffkin and shewed hym, that there was one come frō his Ambassador in Fraunce, the kyng called for the messenger, and deliuered his letters, whiche the kyng red, and saied to sir William Compton, tell the Empe∣ror that I haue newes, if it pleaseth hym to come hether: sir Willyam Compton went and told this to the Emperoure, whiche without delaye came to the kyng, whiche shewed hym the letters frō sir Thomas Che∣ney his Ambassador, wherin was conteined the definitiue answer, made aswel to sir Thomas Cheney, as to Clarenseaux kyng of armes of En∣glande, by the Frenche kyng, to the kynges requestes: for you shall vn∣derstande, that the kyng of Englande by his Ambassador, had often ti∣mes demaunded, bothe his tribute and his lawfull debte, and also resti∣tucion to bee made to his subiectes greued, and farther also the league was broken, by makyng warre on themperor, so that now by the league the kyng of Englande should be enemy, to hym that first brake, and did

take part with the other, yet he had so muche compassion, on shedyng of Christen bloud, that he would not enter warre, but shewe hymself a me∣diator and an entreator betwene theim. And vpō this sir Thomas Che∣ney had o••ten moued the Frenche kyng▪ & also moued hym to take peace with the Emperor for two yeres, so that some mediacion of peace might be ••ntreated, in the meane season: to all this the Frenche kyng answered, we haue well considered your Masters desire, to the whiche we nothyng agree, nor hold vs content with his request. Sir said thambassador, the kyng my Master shalbe aduertised of your answere by me, wherefore I beseche your grace of safeconduite, to returne into Englande: then saied the kyng, there is an officer of armes comehether out of Englande, lette hym come and he shalbe hard, and haue an answere, to whiche thyng sir Thomas Chency answered not, but with reuerence departed, and so on the .xxi. daie of Maie, thesaid officer called Clarenseaux kyng of armes, came to the French kynges chāber at Lions, which was accompaignied with many noble men and gentlemen, and then Clarenseux put on his cote of armes, and desired license to speake, and libertie according to the lawe of armes, whiche was to hym graūted: then he declared that where the French kyng was bound by league tripertite, to kepe peace with the Emperor, aud with the kyng of Englande, and whosoeuer firste brake, the other twoo to bee enemies to hym, to the whiche league the Frenche kyng was sworne, whiche league he apparauntly had broken, by ma∣kyng warre on themperor, by sir Robert de la Marche and by hymself in persone. Wherefore the kyng by that league must be his enemie, and take parte against hym.

Also he declared, the French kyng kept away the kynges rētes, & deb∣tes▪ dewe to hym. Also that he deteined the dower of the Frenche quene. Also that contrary to his promise, he had sent the Duke of Albany into Scot••and: Also that contrary to Iustice he had emprisoned Merchan∣tes, hauyng his safeconduite, where thei should haue gone in saftie, se∣yng there was no warre proclaimed, betwene hym and the kyng his ma∣ster: all these articles with many mo, y^• kyng my master is redy to proue. Naie saied the Frenche kyng, I began not the warre, nor sent Robert de Lamarche to make warre, but commaunded him to the contrary, and or I made warre in proper person, his warre was open, & he had our toune of Cournay strong••y besieged, and as touchyng the duke of Albany, it hath cost me .xl.M. Frankes, to kepe hym out of Scotland but I could not let him to go into his awne coūtrey. This the Frenche kyng excused his vntruth. Sir I am farther charged to tell you, said Clarēseaux that the kyng my souereigne lorde, holdeth you for his mortall enemie, from this d••ie furth & al your adherentes: well said the French kyng, I loked for this a gre••t while agone▪ for sith the Cardinal was at Bridges, I lo∣ked for no nother, but you haue doen your message: then y^e French kyng rose and departed, and Clarēseaux was conueighed to his lodgyng, and shortly after, sir Thomas Cheney and he, by safeconduite, departed and

came to Bullein, and there Monsire Fayett capitain there, theim bothe staied till the Ambassador of Fraunce, whiche had lien in England, wer clerely deliuered out of Calice. The whole circumstaunce of the demaū∣des and deffiaune, and the Frenche kynges answere, was conteined in the letter, whiche was brought to the kyng, which shewed it to the Em∣peror (as you haue hard) but while the kyng and the Emperor loked on the letter, a sodein noyse rose emongest bothe their subiectes, that it was a letter of defiance, sent to tem bothe by the Frenche kyng, whiche was nothyng so. Thus now was the warre open of all parties, betwene En∣glande and Fraunce, & Spain. When the twoo princes had of this mat¦ter commoned their fill, themperor called for a horse, and the kyng hym∣self was armed, an•• bothe the bendes that should Tornay mounted on horsebacke, and themperor in rich apparell of tissew and richely trapped brought the kyng into the felde, and toke vp his horse, that all men had greate pleasure to beholde hym. The men of armes fell to Turnay, and brake sweardes and were seuered, and after came together again, and fought very valiauntly, and when tyme was, the Herauldes cried the disarme, and assone as ht kyng was vnarmed the Emperor and he wēt to supper, and after supper, the kyng brought the Emperor into the hall where was a Cupperd of .xii. stages, all set with greate mightie plate al of golde, at the vpper ende hong three clothes of estate, and the hall was full of greate lightes, set on gylte braunches.

When the twoo Prines were set, and the Quene also, then entered in eight noble menne, in Maskers apparell with visers, their garmen∣tes blacke Ueluet, garded and embroudered with golde in cut woorkes and ouer that double Lumberdy Mantelles of Sattyn, folded vp on euery shulder, curiously embroudered, these Maskers were halfe En∣glishe Lordes, and the other ••traungiers. Thei toke Ladies and daun∣sed, and sodainly entered eight other Maskers, apparelled in riche tyn∣sell, matched with clothe of golde, and on that Turkey Clokes, reban∣ded with Nettes of Siluer, and betwene the knittynges Flowers of Golde, and the Mantelles were Crimosyn Sattyn, bothe the Maskers had hoddes of Crimosyn Sattyn, these lustie Maskers entered, and reueled lustely, and when thei had doen, then were there spices brought and wyne, and then all persones began to drawe to reste.

On Fridaie, the sixe daie of Iune, the Kyng and the Emperour, with all their compaignies marched towarde London, where in the waie, a Myle from Sainct Georges barre, was set a riche Tente of Clothe of golde, in whiche Tente were twoo lodgynges, one for the Emperoure, and another for the Kyng, where these twoo Princes shifted theim. And when the Herauldes had appoynted euery manne their roume, then e∣uery manne set forwarde in ordre, richely apparelled in Clothe of gold, Tissew▪ Siluer, Tynsell, and Ueluettes of all coloures. There lacked no massye Cheynes, nor curious Collers: an Englishemanne and a straung••er roade euer together, matched accordyng to their degrees,

before the Emperoure and the Kyng, were borne twoo swordes naked, then the twoo Princes folowed in Coates of Clothe of Golde, embrau∣dered with Siluer, bothe of one suite: after theim folowed the Kynges Henxinenne, in Coates of Purple Ueluet, pieled and paned with riche Clothe of Siluer, and with theim were matched the Emperours Henxe menne, in equall nomber, in Coates of Crimosyn Uelue, with two gar∣des, the one Golde, and the other Siluer: then folowed the Capitaines of the Gardes, then the Emperours Garde on the right hande, and the Englishe Garde on the lefte hande, and so in this ordre they wēte for∣warde, and in the waie the Maior Ihon Milborne and his brethren, in tine Skarlet and well horssed, met with the Emperoure and the kyng where one sir Thomas More knight, and well learned, made to theim an eloquent Oracion in the praise of the twoo princes, and of the peace and loue betwene theim, and what comfort it was to their subiectes, to se theim in suche smitie, and how that the Maior and Citezens, offered any pleasure or leruice that in them laye, next their souereigne lorde.

When this was dooen, thei came into Southwarke, where the Cler∣gie receiued theim, in Copes, with Crosses, and Sensers, and to kept the one side of the strete, all the citee through. When thei came by the Mar∣shalsie and the Kynges Benche, the Emperoure desired pardon of the kyng, for the prison••rs, and he at the Emperours request, pardoned a∣greate nomber of theim. When thei were almoste at the Bridge foote, there was a staie, the Kyng demaunded the cause, and it was tolde hym, that the Herauldes had appoynted, twoo gentlemen to ride together, one was the Ambassadour from the Marques of Mantua, to the Em∣perour, and the other from the Citee of Seines, to the Emperour also, and the Citee and the Marques were not frendes, the Emperoure in∣continent sente his Lorde Chamberlaine to theim, saiyng: that if thei would that daie doo hym honoure, he would thanke theim, and if thei would not ride as thei were appoynted, he praied theim to departe. When the Lorde Chamberlaine had tolde this message, thei rode furth and made no more curtesie.

When thei were come to the Drawe Bridge, there were set Target∣tes, of the Armes of the Emperoure and his Dominions, richely pa∣incted, and on the other side, stoode one greate Giaunte, representyng Hercules, with a mightie Clubbe in his hande, and on the other syde stoode another Giaunte, representyng Sampson, with the Iawe bone of an Asse in his hande. These twoo Gyauntes helde a greate Table, in the whiche was written in Golden letters, all the Emperours Stile. From the Drawe Bridge these twoo Princes passed, to the middes of the Bridge, where was raised a faire edisice, with Towers embattay∣led and gates, all like Masonrie, of White and Blacke, like Touche and White Merbell: aboue this buyldyng was a faire pagiaunt, in the whiche stoode Iason all in harnes, hauyng before hym a golden Flece, and on the one side of hym stoode a fiery Dragon, and on the other side

stode two Bulles whiche beastes cast out fyer continually, & in a towe•• on the one syde stode a fayre mayde representyng the lady Medea whi∣che was very straungely and richely apparelled, and aboue this Pagi∣ant were written these verses.

Letici•• quantum mimijs prebebat, Iason Aurea Phrixee vellera nactus ouís Leticie quantum tulerat Pompeius et Vrbi Hoste tr••umphato Scípío Romulídum Tantum tu nobís C••sar mítíssíme Prínceps Intrans Henríci Princípís hospícium

When they had beholden this Pagiant they came to the Conduste at Gracious strete where was made a Bastyle with two great gates, one on the one side of the way and the other on the other side, and ouer these gates and betwene these gates were made iii. great towers embattailed and vauted with lopes Lucanes like Masonry, curiously wrought, and in the middle tower was a clothe of estate, vnder whiche sat one re∣presentyng the Emperor, and in the third tower represētyng the kyng. And Charlemayne hauyng ii. swordes gaue to the Emperor the sworde of Iustice, and to the kyng the sworde of triumphant victory, & before him sat the Pope to whom he gaue the croune of thorne & thre nayles. About this pagiant were sette all the armes of the electors of thempyre and these verses in a table.

Carole Chrístígenum decus et quem scrîpta loquntur A magno duc••um Carolo habere genus Tuque Henríce pía vírtutís laude refulgens Doctrína íngenîo relígíone fide Vospretor consul sanctus cum plebe senatus Vectos huc fausto sydere gestit ouans

This Pagiant was made by the Esterlynges.

From Gracious strete where the Esterlinges stode in good order, the two princes came to Leden halle wher ouerthwart the great strete that leadeth to Byshoppes gate was erected a goodly Pagiant wonderfull curiously wrought, it was xxxviii. fote broade and lxxx. of length, at the fote of the pagiant sat Ihon duke of Lancastre called Ihon of Gaunte sonne to kyng Edward the third. This duke sat in a rote and out of the rote sprang many braunches curiously wrought with leaues whiche by pollicie dropped swete water, and on euery braunche satte a kyng and a quene or some other noble parsonage descended of the sayd duke, to the nomber of lv. images, and on the toppe stode the Emperor, the kyng of England and the Quene, as thre in the vi. degree from the sayd Duke. This pagiant was made at the cost of the Italyans & was muche prai∣sed. Frō thence they passed y^• Conduite in Cornehill where the strete was enclosed frō side to side with ii. gates to open & shitte, and ouer the gates wer arches with towers embattailed set with vanes and scutchi∣ons of the armes of the Emperor & the kyng, and ouer the arches were

two towers, the one full of Trompettes and the other full of Shalmes and shagbuttes whiche played continually: Betwene these two towers was a palice, vnder the riche clothe of estate sat kyng Arthur at a rounde table & was serued with x. kynges, Dukes and erles all beryng Tar∣gettes of their armes, and when the Emperor and the kyng were com∣myng thither a Poet sayd.

Laudat magnanimos vrbs inclita Roma Catone•• Cantant Ha••ibalem punica regna suum Gentis erat Solime rex íngens gloría Dauíd. Gentis Alexander gloría príma sue. ••llustrat fortes Arthurifama Britannos Illustras gentem C••sar & ipse tuam Cui deus ímperíum vícto precor hoste secundet Regnet vt ••n terrís pacís amíca qu••es

When this was sayd, they came tot he Stockes where was a qua∣drant stage where on was an Herber full of Roses, Lyllies & all other flowers curiously wrought, and byrdes, beastes and all other thynges of pleasure. And aboute the Herber was made the water full of Fyshe, and about it was the Elementes, the Planettes and Starres in their places and euery thing moued, and in a type in the toppe was made the Trinitie with the Angels singyng, and the Trinitie blessed the kyng & the Emperor, and vnder his feete was written, behold the louer of peace and concorde. And so they passed through the Poultry to the great Cō∣duite in Chepe, where was made on the right hand of the sayd Conduite (as they passed) in maner quadrant with fower towers, a euery corner one with goodly types, betwene euery tower was a gallery, whiche ga∣leries were hanged with clothes of golde and siluer within, & so couered ouer. The forefrontes of euery gallery were hanged with white & grene Sarcenet wrethed and with great knottes of golde, let doune in maner of a valence before the gallery, and vnder the sayd galleries were Tar∣gettes and schutchions of the Emperors and kynges armes & deuises. In the fower towers were fower fayre ladyes for the cardinall vertues so richely besene that it was great pleasure to behold, euery vertue ha∣uyng a signe and token of her propertie. In the galleries sat children mixed with men and women singyng and plaiyng on instrumētes me∣lodiously, of the whiche sort one child sayd these verses folowyng.

Quinto amplexetur populus te C••sar amore Testantur varijs gaudía míxta sonis Aera, tube, Lítuí, cantus cithare calamis{que} Consona te resonant organa dísparibus Vnum te celebrant, te vnum sic cuncta salutant O decus, O rerum gloria C••sar aue.

When they came to the stādard there was made a mightie buildyng to tymber w^t towers set in carbles forced with arches buttād & al abili∣mentes embossed, & the lynterelles inhaunsed with pillers quadrant & the vautes in orbes with crobbes depēdyng & mōsters bearyng vp the

pillers & in the roffe was a louer swellyng, in y^• top wherof was a bāner of the armes of Spayne & England & al the pagiant ful of scutchions of armes of the ii. princes. At the fote of this pagiāt sat Alphons kyng of Spayne richely apparelled, & out of his brest a braunche of whiche sprang many kynges, quenes and princes whiche satte and were liuely persones richely apparelled euery one with a scutchion of armes shew∣yng their mariages, and in the highest braunche satte the Emperor, the kyng and iust v. and vii. degrees frō the sayd kyng of Spayne, to whō he sayd kyng Alphons sayd these verses.

Carole qú fulges sceptro & diademate sacro Tu{que} Henrice fimul stemmata íuncta gerens Alter germa••ís, lux alter clara britannís Míscens Híspano sanguíne vterque genus Víuíte felíces quod víxit secula Nestor Víuíte cumane tempora fatídice

After this pagiant seen & the verses sayd, they came to the litle Con∣duite in Chepe where was buylded a place like heauen curiously pain∣ted with cloudes, erbes, starres & the Ierarchies of angels, in the top of this pagiant was a great type & out of this type sodainly issued out of a cloude a fayre Lady richely apparelled, & then al the minstrels whiche wer in the pagiant plaied & the angels sang, & sodainly againe she was assumted into the cloud whiche was very curiously done, and aboute this pagiant stode the Apostles wherof one sayd these verses.

Ob quorum aduentum tocies gens ipsa britanua Supplex dijs superís vota pr••ter{que} dedít Quos ••tas omnis, pueri, íuuenes{que}, senes{que} Optarunt oculis sepe vídere suís Venistis tandem auspicio Chrísti Marie{que} Pacís coníuncti f••dere perpetuo. Heroes saluete pij, saluete bea••i Exhílarant nostros miníma vestra lares

Yet you must not forget for all the pagiantes how the Citezens well apparelled stode within railes sette on the left side of the stretes and the clergie on the right side in riche copes, whiche sensed the princes as they passed and all the stretes were richely hanged with clothes of golde, sil∣uer, veluet and Arras, and in euery house almooste Mynstrelsy, and in euery strete were these two verses written in letters of gold.

Carolus, Henrícus, viuant defensor vter{que} Henrícus fídeí, Carolus Eccleste

Whiche verses er also written in other tables in golden letters as ensueth.

• Long prosperitie
• To Charles and Henry
• The one of fayth
• The other of the Churche
• Pricnes moste puissaunt.
• Chosen defendant.

When they were past the lytle Conduite they came to the West ende of Poules churche and there they alighted, & there was a Canapie redy vnder whiche they two stoode and were receiued by the Archebishop of Caūtorbury and xxi. prelates in pontificalles and so they offered at the high aulter and returned to horsebacke and came to the Blacke Friers where the Emperor was lodged in great royaltie: All his nobles were lodged in his newe palace of Brydewell, out of the whiche was made a Gallery to the Emperors lodgyng, whiche gallery was very long, and that gallery and all other galleries there wer hanged with Arras. The kynges palayce was so richely adorned of all thynges that my witte is to dull to deser••ue theim or the riches of the hangynges or the sumptu∣ous buildyng and giltyng of chambers.

On saterday the kyng & the Emperor playd at tennice at the Bayne against the princes of Orenge and the Marques of Brandenborow, & on the Princes syde stopped the Erle of Deuonshyre and the lorde Ed∣mond on the other syde, and they departed euen handes on bothe sydes after xi. games fully played.

On Whitsonday the viii. day of Iune themperor and the kyng with great honor both apparelled in cloth of siluer ••eysed, gounes and cotes and all their apparell white except their bonettes, roade to the Churche of saint Paule & there heard high Masse whiche was song by the Car∣dinal whiche had his trauers & cupborde, and before Masse ii. Barons gaue him water & after the Gospell ii. Erles, and at the last lauatory ii. Dukes whiche pride the Spanyardes sore disdayned. When Masse was done they returned to Brydewell where the Emperor was highly feasted. Thesame sonday at after noone the two princes went by wa∣ter to Westminster and roade to the churche, and in ridyng all the san∣ctuary menne cryed mercy and pardon, they were so hastye and pre∣sed so nere that the sergeaunts at armes could scase kepe theim from touchyng the Emperor and the kyng: The Cardinal gaue them a gen∣tle answere whiche contented theim for a tyme. They wer receiued with Procession into the Abbey & heard euensong & beheld kyng Henry the seuenthes chapel & then went into Westminster halle, at the largenesse wherof the Emperor muche meruailed, then they turned to Brydewell and there supped.

On Mōday thei dyned in Southwarke with the duke of Suffolke and hunted there in the Parke, and roade to the Manor of Richemond to their lodgyng and the next day to Hampton court, where they had great chere and from thence on thursday to Wyndsore where he hunted Fryday and Saterday and on Sonday at night in the great halle was a disguisyng or play, theffect of it was y^e there was a proud horse which would not be tamed nor brideled, but amitie sent prudence and pollicie which tamed him, and force & puissaunce brideled him. This horse was ment by y^e Frēche kyng, & amitie by the kyng of Englād & themperor, &

other prisoners were their counsail & power, after this play ended was a sumptuous Maske of .xii. men and .xii. women, the men had in gar∣mentes of clothes of golde and siluer lose layde on crimosyn Satten, knit with pointes of gold, bonettes, whoddes, buskyns, were al of gold, The ladies were of thesame suite whiche was very riche to behold, and when they had daunced, then came in a costly bāket and a voidy of spi∣ces, and so departed to their lodgyng.

Monday, tewsday, and wednesday the princes and their counsail sat moste parte in counsail, and on Corpus Christi day, they with great tri∣umph rode to the collage of Wyndsore where the Emperor ware his Mantle of the Garter and satte in his owne stall, and gaue to the He∣rauldes CC. crounes: that day bothe the princes receiued the Sacra∣ment, and after Masse bothe sware to kepe the promises & league eche to other, for the which amitie great ioy was made on both parties, & af∣ter y^• Masse was ended they went to dyner, where was great feastyng.

On Fryday they departed out of Wyndsore, & by easy iorneys came to Wynchester the .xxii. day of Iune, & in the way thether, the Emperor hunted the Hart. Before the Emperor was come to Wynchester, therle of Surray Admyrall of England with all y^• kynges Nauy was come to Hampton, and with him the lorde Fitz Water, the Baron Curson, sir Gyles Capell, sir Nicholas Carew, sir Richard Wyngfeld, sir Richard Iernyngham, Fraunces Bryan, Anthony Browne, Iohn Russell, of whiche many were of the kynges preuy chamber: These with many mo departed from Hampton with .xxx. shippes well manned & ordinaūced in the ende of Iune, noisyng that they should onely skoure the seas for safegard of the Emperor and his Nauye: But they had priuy instruc∣cions to go to another place as you shal heare after.

All this while was the warre on the parties of Picardy hotte, and the capitaine of Bullain called Fayet wrote euer mockyng letters to the garison of Calaice, and sayd: if the garison of Calayce would issue out, he would mete with them halfe way with iiii.M. men. Whervpon sir Edward Guildforde Marshall of Calayce, whom the capitaine of Bullain called the fyrebrand, because it was his badge, sette furth out of Calayce the .xi. day of Iune with .xii.C. men, & went out of Calayce and sent a pursiuant to the capitain of Bullain certifiyng him that he was commyng with his fyerbrand, and bad him kepe promise. This officer declared the message to him, but he came not: Furth marched sir Edward til he came to Marguison and taryed to see whether the capi∣tain of Bullayne would come or no, and when he sawe he came not, he set fyer in the toune, and the light horsemen forrayed the beastes and pillage, and brent villages all about, whiche was wel perceiued in the countrey a farre of, and towarde night all the crew came home with good pillage, & on the morow sir Edwarde Gyldford deliuered a pri∣soner franke and free, on condicion he should tell the capitaine of Bul∣lain that he had him at Marguison with his fyerbrand, whiche truely

did his message, for the whiche the capitaine brake his head: all the castels and fortresses in the Englishe pale were well manned and vi∣tailed and lacked no artillerie, so that the Frenchemen could do theim no harme.

When the Emperor and the kyng laye at Byshops Waltham they ioyntly sent letters of defiaunce to the Duke of Lorraine, as alye and confederate with the Frenche kyng. The fyrst day of Iuly the Em∣perors nauy sailed before Hampton, which wer C.lxxx. goodly shippes. When the Emperors shippes were come, he tooke leaue of the kyng and had great gyftes geuen him and muche money lent to him, & so the vi. day of Iuly he toke his shippe, so with all his Nauy he made saile towarde Spayne where he ariued in safetie the .x. day after.

The kyng about this very tyme sent to the citie of London to borow xx.M. poūdes, whiche sore chafed the citizens, but the somme was pro∣mised, and for the payment the Mayer sent for none but for men of sub¦staunce. Howbeit the craftes solde muche of their plate. This summe was payde, and the kyng sent his letter promisyng payment of thesame and so did the Cardinall. The poore men were content with this pay∣ment and sayd, let the riche churles pay, for they may well. Lyke loane was practised through al the realme, and priuy seales deliuered for the repayment of the same.

This season the .xxi. day of Maye was the citie of Geane gotten by the Emperors capitain called Octauiano de Columna, whiche had with him .iiii.M. and, iiii.C. Spaniardes .v.M. Italyans, and .iiii.M. Lanceknightes: & in the citie was taken Porter de Nauarro the Frenche kynges familiar capitaine and all the lordes of Geane whiche fauored the Frenche kyng were taken prisoners or slaine, & especially one Octa∣••iano Faragoso, whiche ruled there for the Frenche kyng, was euil pu∣nished: The spoyle of the citie that the souldiers had, was .iiii.M. du∣kates beside the pillage, whiche was a great thyng.

Now let vs returne to the lorde Admyrall of Englande whiche de∣parted frō Hampton as you haue heard, and so with his Nauy sayled and skoured the seas, and at last came on the costes of Britaigne, and commaunded the wysest Masters and Marriners to boy the hauen of Morles, whiche was done, an so the next night all the flete came to the hauen of Morles in safetie & moored their shippes together. Then all men were commaunded to harnes and to auaunce their standardes, & all souldiers to geue their attendance on their capitaines, and then the lorde Admyral appointed and caused .xiiii. pieces of ordinaunce called Faucons to be brought to land and drawen furth with strēgth of men. Then when all menne that should go forwarde were landed, the lorde Amyrall with banner displayed tooke lande on the Estside of the ha∣uen the fyrst day of Iulye, and with him a fayre band of souldiers, as the lorde Fitz Water, the Baron Curson, sir Richard Wyngfelde, sir Richard Iernyngham, sir Wyllyam Barantine, sir Adrian Foskew, sir Edwarde Donne, sir Edwarde Chamberlayne, Fraunces Bryan,

Richard Cornewall, sir Anthony poynes, sir Hēry Sherborne, and the vice Admyrall, sir Willyam Fitzwillyam, sir Edmond Bray, sir Gyles Capel, sir Willyam Pyrton, sir Ihon Cornewalles, sir Ihon Wallop, sir Edward Echyngham, sir Willyam Sidnay, Anthony Broune, Gy∣les Huse, Thomas More, Ihon Russell, Edward Bray, Henry Owen, George Cobham, Thomas Owdayle, Thomas Louell, Robert Ier∣nyngham, Anthony Kneuit, sir Ihon Tremaile, and the Master of the kynges ordinaunce, sir Willyam Skeuyngton, and Ihon Fabian ser∣ieant at armes, by whom this enterprise was chiefly moued as was re∣ported, with many other gentlemen and souldiers, to the nombre of vii.M. The lorde Admyral and sir Richard Wyngfeld brought these men in good order of battail, & caused Christopher Morres the master gunner to see all thinges redy prepared, & then about .viii. of the clocke the sayd fyrst day they marched towarde Morles in good ordre of bat∣tail with banners displaied. The alarme rose in the countrey and came to the toune of Morles wherby the gentlemen of the countrey shewed theimselfes prickyng, but when they heard the Gunnes they fledde as though they neuer vsed warre. They of Morles armed theimselfes & went to the walles and shut the gates and laide ordinaunce where was moste ieopardie. The Englishemen had gone fiue long myle and were nowe come to the subberbes of the toune: then the Englishemen archers shot, and the Brytons them defended: then the Admyrall commaunded the toune to be assauted, then the lord Fitz Water and the Baron Cur∣son quartered the toune on all sides: The Englishemen shot with long bowes, and the Brytons with crosse bowes, whiche defended themsel••es manfully. Before the port Moruet where is a Meason de dieu, At this gate gaue the assaut sir Richard Wyngfelde, Nycholas Carew, Fraū∣ces Bryan, sir Ihon Wallop and all their bendes hauyng with them thre pieces of ordinaune called Faucons, whiche the master Gunner oft tymes shot, but the Britons had set the gate full of hacbushes, then the gunner sayd, haue at the wicket, and in the smoke of the gunnes let vs entre the gate, the gentlemen assented, then the sayd sir Christopher Gunner strake the locke of the wicket,* 15.17 so that it flew open, then in the smoke ranne to the gate the sayd Christopher and the other forenamed gentlemen, and when Christopher came to the gate he found the wicket open & entred, and the gentlemen folowed, the Brytons defended them selfes, but thei were put backe or slaine, then was the great gate opened and then entered the souldiers that were on the other side of the toune. When the Brytons on the walles sawe the towne gotten, some fled at the posterne and some by another way, the best way that they could.

Therle of Surray with bāner displayed toke the market place. Then the souldiers fell to pillage and rifled the chestes and ware houses of marchauntes, for the toune of Morles was very riche, and specially of lynnen clothe, the gentlemen suffered the souldiers to do what they would. When the souldiers had taken their pleasure of the toune as muche for a trueth or more then they could beare away.

The lorde Admiral cōmaunded the trumpettes to blow, & cōmaunded all men to set fyer in al places of the toune (the holy places only except) the fayre market place was set on fyer, & the subburbes brent ardātly. Wherfore all men were commaunded to their standardes, and aboute vi. of the clocke the army retreted, and as thei passed they brent the vil∣lages and places. And when night approched they drewe together and and all that night lay on land abidyng their enemies. And the next day with honor they tooke their shippes, and when all menne were shipped and fewe or none missed. The lorde Admyrall cōmaunded .xvi. or .xvii. shippes small and great liyng in the hauen to be brent. Then they sai∣led furth and came to anker before saint Polle de Lyon, then he com∣maunded that the foyst and other smal shippes and great botes should be manned to enter into an harborow for shippes called pympoll or pympole, which was sone done, the boates entred y^e place & some lāded, but then the Brytons were to strong & so they tooke their boates & bet the Britons on the shore, & the Brytons shotte great ordinaunce at the Englishemen, but it did them no harme, and yet the Englishmen brent a shippe of .CC. and many small vessels. When tyme came the whole flete sailed into the hauen of Brest and with barkes and rowe barges entered the hauen and toke land, and some Englishemen did so muche that they set ••yer in hou••es nere the castle. And euen as thenglishemen sayled by the cost, the Brytons them askryed and fortefied the lādyng places▪ yet dayly the Englishemen skyrmished with the Brytons and came safely to their shippes againe: with this watre was all the duchy of Brytaigne sore troubled.

When the lorde Admirall had wonne the toune of Morles as you haue heard. He called to him certaine squyers whom for their hardynes and noble courage he made knightes, ••yrst sir Fraunces Bryan, sir An∣thony Broune, sir Richard Cornwall, sir Thomas More, sir Eyles Huse, sir Ihon Russel, sir Ihon Raynsford, sir George Cobham, sir Ihō Cornwalles, sir Edward Rigley and diuers other, And after he wrote letters to the kyng of his good spede: In the whiche he muche praised and all gentlemen and souldiers for their hardynes. When he had say∣led a while on the seas, he had letters sent from the king that he should retreyte, and so he came withall his flete vnder the Isle of Wyght to a place called the Kow, and then he departed from his shippe and came to Estamstede the .xxi. day of Iulye to the kyng, of whom he was well welcomed you may be sure. And so on mounday the .xxiii. day of Iuly the kyng and he came to London to the Cardynals place and there sat in counsaile to determine what should be done. After this the kyng dyned with the Cardinall the .xxiii. day of Iulye, where he rehersed that he had knowlege that the Amyrall of Britaigne was in Morles with a C. horsemen and a C. crosbowes, and yet he fledde, and the kyng muche cōmended the lorde Admyral for his paind and hardynes, and praised theim of his garde, and specially fiftie, whiche left pylferyng

and neuer went from the lorde capitaine.

On the third day of Iuly while this enterprise was done at Morles, certaine Frenchemen to the nomber of CCC. horsemen came nere to the castle of Guysnes and kept theim selfe in a close couert and so appered viii. or x. horsemen and came nere Guysnes: out of the Castle came viii. Englishe archers and issued out of the gate and fell with the Frenche horsemen in skyrmished: to the Frenchemennes, reskue came iiii. men of armes and skyrmished with the archers whiche were a fote. Then out of Guysnes issued xii. dimilances all Welshemen and rāne boldely to y^e Frenchemen in reskue of the fotemen, Then the whole bend of Frenche∣men issued out and set on the Welshemen, the fotemen shotte while ar∣rowes lasted and were faine to fight with swordes, the Welshmen kept themselfes together and entred into the bend of Frenchemen and brake their speres and then fought so with swordes that they made away, so that thei escaped from the bend of CCC. horsemen, and of the Frenche∣men were slayne iii. men and v. horse, the fotemen were ouerpressed and solde their liues dere, for the Frenchemen slew them all and would take none prisoner, they were so angry with the kyllyng of their horse.

Also the xxv. day of Iuly sir Wylly am Sandes treasorer of Caleys and sir Edward Guilforde Marshall, with banners spred, issued out of Caleys with xiiii.C. menne and went into the Frenche pale lokyng for Mounsire Foyat whiche was a great mocker and a coward: But when he appeared not they went to Whitsand baye and set it on fyer, and the people fled to the churche whiche was fortified and stode at defence, the body of the churche was wonne and then they toke the steple and some yelded themselfes, but the remnant by counsail of a priest mainteined so long that the Steple was fyred and then the priest cried succour, but it was to late and so the Frenche people was fayne to lepe the Steple & diuers perished, & they that were saued wer led to Caleys as prisoners. Farther the xxiii. daye of thesame moneth Thwaites a capitaine of an Englishe shippe tooke land beside Bullein, and went vp thre myle into the countrey to a toune called Newe Castle and forryed all the coun∣trey and in his returne set fyer on the toune & brent a great part therof maugre the Bullenoys, and with his bowes and men whiche only was vi. score, he put backe lxxx. Hagbushes and CCC. men of warre of the countrey and so came to their shippe with all the botie and lost no mā, notwithstandyng they were sore folowed to their shippe.

On the vi. day of Iuly the Cardynall satte in the starre chamber at Westminster where he sayd, my Lordes it is reason that you should know the honorable enterprise done by the lorde Admiral and his com∣paigny in Brytaigne whiche hath dispoyled and destroyed the great toune of Morles in Brytaigne with all the villages and countrey

adioynyng to thesame, whiche is in the Frenche dominion, whiche mis∣chiefe had neuer risen if Fraunces the Frenche kyng had kept his othe and promise. For he is bound that he should neuer retayne the Swy∣ches from the Emperor, nor that he shall not inuade any of the Empe∣rors landes or dominions, whiche he hath done, for he hath inuaded the coūtrey of Henaude and Cambrises and taken Hedyng and Fountra∣by with many other iniuryes. For when the kyng sent me and other to his great costes the last yere to Caleys to treate a vnitie and peace be∣twene theim, all our saiynges were by the Frenche kyng turned into a mocquery. Also cōtrary to his promise he hath suffered Duke Ihon of Albany to enter the realme of Scotland to the great perill of the yong kyng, Nephieu to our soueraigne lorde, and also entendeth to mary the the Quene of Scottes contrary to the kynges honor. The sayd Frenche kyng also witholdeth the kynges dueties & his systers dower: wherfore of necessitie the kyng is entered into warre, for no prince will suffre the wrong that the French kyng offereth him as an vntrue & for∣sworne prince, wherfore for your owne welth you must now ayde your prince, trustyng to punishe and chastice him to your great honor and fame.

Then by commaundement wer all Frechemen and Scottes impri∣soned and the goodes seazed, and all suche as were denizens were com∣maunded to shewe their letters patentes, & suche as were allowed had all their goodes and the other not, and all Frenchemen and Scottes that had maryed Englishewomen, the wifes and children had halfe the goodes deliuered vnto them, and euery denizen to fynde suertie for his good abearyng, and al the other if they would be bayled to fynde suer∣ties for their trueth and allegeaunce or els to be kept in prison, for the portes were so kept that they could not flye.

The kyng nowe beyng entered into the warres thought not to slepe and let the Frenche kyng alone, wherfore by his letters he commaūded certain persones with their powers to come to Lōdon in August. They that wer appointed came accordyngly, euery man with suche a nomber as to him was appointed, and when they had mustered at London be∣fore the kynges Commissioners they were nere xii.M. menne with the Pyoners, and they wer sent to the lorde Admyral whiche lay at Douer with iiii.M. mē, but because haruest was not done, y^e vitaile at Caleys was to litle for so great an armye, wherfore they lay in Kent at tounes there a good space, whiche made vitaile dere there.

In this sommer the lorde Rosse and the lorde Dacres of the North whiche were appointed to kepe the borders against Scotland did so valiantly that they burned the good toune of Kelsy and lxxx. villages and ouerthrew xviii. towers of stone with all their Barnkyns or Bul∣werkes.

The kyng also in this moneth was credibly enformed that the duke of Albany prepared an army royal of Scottes and Frenchemen to in∣uade England▪ Wherfore the kyng appointed the Erle of Shrewsbu∣ry his lorde Steward to be his Lieutenaunt generall against the sayd Duke and his inuasions, whiche directed his letters to the shyres of Yorke, Darby, Stafford, Shropshyre and al other beyond Trent that all menne should be in a readynes.

The xx. day of August the Cardynall sent for the Maior, Alder∣men and the moste substanciallest comminers of the Citie of Lon∣don, where he declared to theim that the kyng had appointed com∣missioners through the whole realem for England for to swere eue∣ry manne of what value he is in mouables, the more to be in rea∣dynes for the defence of this realme. And the kyng for the loue he beareth you would haue syt with you himselfe, but for certayne o∣ther affayres in his warres to be done he is letted, and so hath ap∣pointed me your Commissioner. Wherefore in conuenient tyme cer∣tifye me the nomber of all suche as be worth one hundreth poundes and vpwarde, to the entent I may sweare theim of their values: for fyrst the kyng asketh of you your louyng heartes and due obey∣saunce, the whiche shall appeare by your conformitie to his reque∣stes, and when the value is taken the desyreth onely the tenth part of goodes and landes whiche is the least reasonable thyng that you can ayde your prince with. I thynke euerye one of you wyll offer no lesse, as for the spiritualtie euery manne is in the shyres sworne and shall and wyll gladly pay the fowerth part to the kyng and liue on the iii. partes. Nowe to your part I am sure you wyll not grudge, ther∣fore name me the menne of substaunce and for the meanet sorte, meaner Commissioners shall be appointed. Sir sayd a marchaunt if it may please you, how shal this tenth part to the kyng be deliuered? in money plate or Iuels sayd the Cardinall at a value. O my lorde sayd the Aldermen it is not yet two monethes sithe the kyng had of the Citie xx. thousand pound in ready money in loane, whereby the Citie is very bare of money, for Goddes sake remembre this that riche mar∣chauntes in ware be bare of money: Well sayd the Cardynall, this must be done and therefore go about it. So the Aldermen resorted to their Wardes and named suche as they iudged to be of that value, whiche came before the Cardynall and moste humbly besought him that they might not be sworne for the true value of their substaunce for the true valuacion to theim was vnknowen and many honest mennes credence was better then his substance, and therefore they doubted the paril of periury. Well sayd the Cardinall sythe you dread the cryme of periurye, it is a signe of grace, and therefore I will for you borowe of the kyng a lytie. Make you your bylles of your owne value

likely to report your fame and then more busynes nedeth not for you see what two costly armyes the kyng hath ready against bothe Fraunce and Scotland, therfore nowe shewe your selfes lyke louyng subiectes, for you be able inough. And I dare sweare the substance of London is no lesse worth then two Myllions of golde. Then sayd the citezens we would to God that it were so, and the citie is sore appaired by the great occupiyng of straungers. Well sayd the Cardinal it shalbe redressed if I liue: But on Saterday next I shall appoint one to receiue your bylles, and he that is of credence more then of substance let him resorte to me and I will be secrete and good to him. Thus the Citezens de∣parted in great agony saiyng, that at the last loane some lent the fifth part and nowe to haue the tenth part was to muche. And here note wel that the x. thousand poundes that was lent was not taken as the xx. of euery mannes substaūce, but it should be allowed as part of the x. part, and this valuacion should performe vp the whole x. part. Great was the mournyng of the common people as it is euer in suche cases of pay∣mentes. But in the ende one doctor Tonnys a secretary to the Cardinal came to the Chapiter house of Poules, and to him the citezens brought in their bylles and on their honestie they were receiued, whiche values afterwarde turned them to displeasure.

The spiritualtie made suite to the lorde Cardinal that no temporal men should sit to examyne them, to be made priuy to their possessions & goodes: wherfore bishoppes and Abbottes were appointed commissio∣ners to take the value of their snbstaunce.

In this season was great plentie of vitaile sent to Caleys, and to the lorde Admyral were sent Tentes and Pauilions some of lxx. lodgyn∣ges for him and other noblemen.

The Friday beyng the xxii. day of August certain Welshemen were lodged at a poore village named Cause, because in Caleys was verye narow lodgyng, and thesame night CCCC. Frenchmen passed by Ca∣leys hauē for lacke of good watche and came into thesame village and set fyer in the house where the Welshemen lay, whiche ranne awaye na∣ked into the Marishe and saued themselfes, but their horses wer taken. This chaunce happened for lacke of good watche.

When the lorde Admyrall had brought all his menne out of the shippes and that all the souldiors were come out of Englande and the ordinaunce set on land, then came into Caleys hauen xiiii. shyppes out of Spayne from the Emperor whiche set on land CCC. Spanyardes whiche were sent to serue the lorde Admyrall and vnder him they were put. When all thinges were ready, the lorde Admyral set in order his battels and for the forewarde he appointed sir Robert Ratcleffe, lorde Fitzwater for Capitayne, and with him diuers knightes and gentle∣men whiche capitaine kept his men in very good order.

After that battail folowed the ordinaunce, artilerie and other trusses with vitail and all necessaries, & for the capitaine of the horsemen was appoined sir Edward Gyldford, by whom the currers and vewers of the countrey were appointed. The myddle warde ledde the lorde Ad∣myrall himselfe, and in his compaignie the lorde Edmond Hawarde his brother, with many worshipfull knightes, squiers and tall yomen: The last battail was ledde by two valiaunt knightes of the Garter sir Wyllyam Sandes and sir Richard Wyngfelde, and with theim was sir Richard Iernyngham with many other. In good order of battail they passed ouer Newnam bridge the .xxx. day of August to a place called Calkewell & there lodged betwene y^e Wyndmyl & the marrishe.

Thesame day came to the lorde Admyrall a certain nombe of wilde persones, as menne out of seruice and apprentises that ranne frō their Masters and other ydle persones, and him desired that they might be retained in the kinges wages, to whom he answered, that the kyng had appointed the nōbre of suche as should haue wages, whiche was fully complete and aduised theim to returne into England and not to loyter there. Then sayd a tall yoman, my lorde here be many good felowes that with your fauor would ieopard to get or lose, for their mynde is to be reuenged on the Frenchemen enemies to the kyng and his realme.

Good felowe sayd the lorde Admyrall, their myndes be good, but if for lacke of conduite they should be cast awaye, it were a losse to the kyng and a great corage to the Frenchemen. Then all the compaignie cried, let vs go in the name of God and sainct George: Then after counsail takē he gaue them a Penon of sainct George and bad them aduenture (of whiche they were called aduenturers) and farther bad theim that if they got any botie they should euer bryng it to tharmy, and thei should be payde to the vttermost, and then he gaue them money and cōmaun∣ded them weapons & so the sayd .xxxi. day the sayd aduenturers .iiii.C. in nombre and mo, sette forwarde before the host, but how they did, you shall heare afterwarde.

Monday the fyrst day of September the armye remoued towarde Guisnes, which day was very hote & drinke lacked, and water was not nere, so that some died for faintnes, & this night they laye at Guysnes.

Tewsday the second day of September the armye passed towarde Arde: And in the golden Ualay where the kyng of England and the Frenchekyng met two yeres before, there met with tharmy of England two capitaines of the Burgonions, the one called the erle of Egemond the Seneschal of Henaude, and the lorde for Bauers Admyral of Flaū∣ders with v.C. horsemen, like men of warre. The lord Admyral in gen∣tle maner receiued these two capitaines and their compaignie & so they ioyned theimselfes to the Englishe armye, and the same day they tooke lodgyng at Arde south from the toune, where they were wel vitailed, & there lay wednisday all day, and the Burgonyons lay vnder the castle of Mountorrey. The next day they remoued to the vale of Lyekes, &

there encāped themselfes. Sir George Cobham thesame day w^t .ii.M. men, by the Admyralles cōmaūdement came to the toune of Selloys & set fyer in the toune, & when the toune was on fyer he assauted the castle. They within made resistence, but it auayled not, for the walles wer en∣tred & the souldiers taken, and the castle set on fyer, & with gunpouder ouerthrew the walles: then w^t hast he remoued to a toune called Brune bridge and set it on fyer, and also brent a toune called Senekerke, and also the tounes of Botyngham and Manstier & so returned to the lorde Admyrall whiche gaue him great thankes, The Frenchemen appered in plumpes, but yet they durst not reskue their tounes.

On saterday the lorde Admyrall remoued with the whole army to a ground beside sainct Nerbyns and there lay all sonday beyng the .vii. day of September, where he sent diuers companies out, whiche forra∣ged the coūtreys & brent many villages as farre as thei might trauail: the lorde Admyrall caused the toune of Narbyn to be brent, & tooke the castle and rased it and vtterly destroyed it.

On Monday the .viii. day, he remoued to Dauerne and brent all the tounes as he passed, and liyng there, he brent the toune of Dauerne and cast doune the castle of Columberge & the castle Rew, but the churches of Dauerne and a house of Nonnes were saued by his cōmaundement.

Thesame day was brent saint Marie de Boys and all the countrey twelue myle about was of light fyer, the people fledde and left tounes and Castelles full of wyne, corne, and all other necessaries, so that in Dauerne the Englishmen found great plentie, whiche or they went a∣way they set a fyer.

The ix. day of Septembre the whole armye came before the toune of Boyardes in whiche was a Church more liker a castle then a Church, for it was depe dyched with drawe brydges and with Bulwarkes for∣tefied and lopes very warlike, The Admyrall beholdyng it sayd, this is like no house of praier. Then he commaūded his people to entre the dyches and plucke doune the drawe bridges and set fyer in y^e Churche, and with gunpouder ouerthrew it, and brent the toune and all the vil∣lages adiacent to the same, the people cried and fledde, well was he that might saue himselfe.

The .x. day, thei came to the toune of Uaus, which was nye the toune called Foucamberge and there a company of Frenchmen were askried, for out of a wod they shewed themselfes, but they taryed not long, but without profer of encountre they departed. Wherfore the whole army toke their campe & there lay till the .xiii. day which was saterday, euery day s••ndyng plu••pes out to set fyer in the countrey, and on that day they toke the ••ay to Frynge of F••ynges, and there brent the toune and destroyed the castle whiche was very strong.

The Sonday beyng the .xiiii. day, the lorde Admyral with his com∣paigny in great raine and yll wether passed by hilles and valeys verye painefully, and with great labor came to a toune called Blaniow, and

there taried monday all day, & there all day counsailed the capitaines both of England, and Flaūders or Burgon what was best to be done.

On tewsday in the mornyng came a trumpet from the Castle of He∣dyng and desired to speake with the capitaine,* 15.18 whiche incontinent sent for him: my lorde capitaine sayd the trumpet, the capitaine of Hedyng desireth you to come thither and see the place, and on the walles he wil bryng you good lucke, and he prayeth you not to hurt the dere in his parke, and for any other hurt you can do him he careth not: well sayd the lorde Admyrall, I will send him answere by my trumpet.* 15.19 Inconti∣nent he called a trumpet and bad him go to Hedyng to Mounsire de Bees and to say to him that he would come to the castle of Hedyng, & if he slay any of my menne with his artillerie, let him trust me, that if I gette the castle I shall saue neither man, woman, nor childe. So with that message the trumpet departed & declared it to Mounsire de Bees, whiche sayd that it was spoken of noble corage, and so the trumpet re∣turned, and thesame day the campe was remoued and the whole army came about the castle of Hedyng,* 15.20 at whiche tyme the toune of Hedyng was sore infecte with pestilence, wherefore a generall commaundement was geuen that no mā should ones come into the toune, howbeit some of the Burgonyans did and set fyre in the houses.

When the siege was planted, the ordinaunce was very light for the wayes were so depe and the grounde so wet that the great ordinaunce could not be caried. This thing was well debated by the lord Admiral and the capitaines. After they had been there .xi. dayes, fyrst they consi∣dered that the castle could not be obtained without great ordinaunce, whiche in no wise could then be caried, and also if they with the light ordinaūce shotyng should spend all their pouder and not get the castle than in theim might be reckened great foly, and also they should be in great ieopardie to passe without ordinaunce, and further the plage be∣gan sore in the armye, wherfore they determined to leaue the siege and returne. But while they lay at y^• toune they bet doune roffes, galleries, chymnies, and suche other thinges as the light ordinaunce would bete doune, whiche sore defaced the beautie of the castle. Thei also destroied all the dere in the Parke, whiche were falowe dere and left none for the capitaine. The Englishemen were clerely determined to haue assauted the castle if the Burgonions would haue done thesame:* 15.21 but they refu∣sed, whiche seyng the Englishmen left the assaut alone: For though the Englishemen had gotten it, it should haue been deliuered to the Empe∣rours vse by the treatie, fbr he claymed it as his inheritaunce, whiche caused the Englishemen to leaue the assaut.

And so the .xxii. day of September they rered the siege and set theim selfes in good order of battail and passed styl onwarde til they came to Dorlans and brent the toune,* 15.22 and rased the castle, and frō thence came to the good toune of Darrier and brent and spoyled thesame. Thus he brent all the way as he passed: and euer the wether was worse, and men

fell sicke, wherfore the Burgonions and the Spaniardes returned into Flaunders about Betwyn.

Then the lorde Admyrall saw that it was no tyme to kepe the felde, turned bacward in good ordre of battail & came to Calaice the .xvi. day of October. And while he lay at Calayce he sent out sir Willyā San∣des, sir Morice Barkeley, sir Willyam Fitzwillyam with .iii.M. men, whiche brent Marguyson whiche was newly edified and fortefied, thei brent also the toune of sainct Iohnes Rhode & Temple toune, & many villages. At this voiage wer takē many prisoners .xiiii.M. shepe, xiiii. C. great cattal as Oxe•• & Kyen, & xiii.C. hogges, and .vi.C. Mares & Horses, with this great botie this crew returned to Calayce in safetie.

Then y^• lord Admyral sent sir Ihon Walop with .ix.C. men to saint Omers to lye there and at Guysnes, Hammes, and at Marke, & at Oy he left another nombre and left capitaines to ouerse them, & al the sou∣diers had a monethes wages payde them & to returned into England.

The aduenturers taried stil and gat many good prayes, & brought to the garrisons, and lacked nothyng: they were muche drad of all the common people, for of them they had great prayes, and dayly learned feates of warre whiche made them the bolder.

When the lorde Admirall had set all thinges in an order on that side the sea, he toke shippe & with the Nauy came into the riuer of Thames and so to the kyng, of whom he was well welcommed & not vnworthy.

In this season were banished out of Southwarke xii. Scottes whi∣che had dwelt there a long season & wer conueied frō parishe to parishe by the constable like men y^• hadabiured the realme, & on their vttermost garment a white crosse before & another behynd them. Thus were they conucyed through London Northwarde till they came to Scotlande.

While the lord Admyral was this in Fraunce destroiyng the coun∣trey, the noble Erle of Shrewsbury lorde George Talbot & Steward of the kynges houshold prepared by the kynges commaundement a great army toward Scotland: for the kyng was enformed that Duke Ihon of Albany (whiche in y^e Parliament of Scotland was made lord gouernor of the realme and of the yong kyng duryng his nonage) had raised a mightie & puissaunt host of Scottes to the nomber of, lxxx.M. men as after was well knowen, whiche were warlike appointed, & that he with .v.C. Frenchemen with handgunnes and other great artillerie was cōmyng forward to inuade the west Marches of England adioy∣nyng towarde Scotland. Wherefore the kyng sent worde to therle of Shrewsbury, which with all diligēce like a noble capitain set forward towarde Yorke, & wrote to therles of Northumberland, Westmerland and Darby, to the lorde Dacres, Lumley, Clyfford, Scrope, Latemer, Ogle, Darcy, Conyers, & to all other gentlemen to be ready w^tin .viii. houres warnyng with all their powers, and so in iorniyng, he with his power whiche was great, came to the citie of Yorke abidyng the ordi∣naunce, and the lordes and all other thynges necessary in suche a case.

In the meane season the Scottes wer come nigh to the citie of Car¦leyle and lodged them nigh the water of Eske not farre from Sulway sandes, & there made their abode. Therle of Westmerland, y^e lord Da∣cres, the lorde Roos, the lorde Mountaigle, with the knightes of Lan∣cashere, Westmerland & Cumberland were ready with .xxviii.M. men to haue geuen them battail.

When the Scottes sawe that they could not come into Englād with out battail, the lordes of Scotland drew to counsail, and amongest all one wyseman sayd, my lordes, hether be we come by the cōmaundement of my lorde Gouernor the duke of Albany,* 15.23 but for what ause the warre is we should know: you al remēbre that the last warre was to y^e realme of Scotland muche preiudiciall: For kyng Iames the .iiii. brought the realme of Scotlād to the best that euer it was: and by his warre it was brought to y^e worst almost that may be, for by that warre was he & his nobilitie slaine, whiche Scotlād sore lamēteth: Wherfore by myne ad∣uice let vs go to y^e duke & know of him the cause. Thē thei al came to y^• dukes court, & therle of Arrayn an aūcient mā spake for thē al & sayd, my lord Gouernor, by your wil & cōmaūdement here is assēbled almost all y^e nobilitie of Scotland w^t their power vpō a pretence to entre into Englād, my lordes here would know y^e cause & quarel why this war is begon, if it might please your goodnes, it shuld wel satisfie their mīdes

The duke studied a good while & sayd: this questiō would haue been demaūded or now:* 15.24 For well you know y^t I for the very loue that I bere to y^e realme of Scotlād, of the whiche I haue my name, honor & linage. I haue passed y^e seas out of y^e noble realme of Fraūce into this realme of Scotlād. One great cause to bryng you to a vnitie when you wer in deuision: By reason of which deuision your realme was likely to be cō∣quered & destroyed. Also y^e Frenche kyng by my suites & interessiō wil ioyne w^t you in ayde against thenglishe nacion: & when this war was determined in y^e parliament, you made me capitain, authorisyng me to inuade Englād w^t bāner displaied: then was no questiō demaūded of y^• right or quarel, & that that I haue is by your assent & agrement, & that I will iustifie: But to answer your demaūde, my thynke you haue iust cause to inuade Englād with fyer, sworde, & bloud, if you be not to for getfull, & without you will beare dishonor & reproche for euer: For you know that this realme of Scotlād is our inheritaūce as a porcion of y^• worlde alotted to our nacion & aūcetors whō we succede: Then where may be better warre then to mainteine this our natural inheritaūce, is not daily seen the great inuasions y^• thenglishmen on vs make, y^e great māslaughters & murders with robberies & spoiles that they do dayly? Is not this a cause of warre? To defēd the coūtrey is y^• office of a king, the honor of noble men & the very seruice of chiualry, & the dutie natu∣ral of y^e cominaltie. For I thinke it a iust quarel if we might cōquere the realme of Englād & annex it to our realme & make a Monarchie: For sith y^e beginning of our habitacion in this Isle of Britaigne, that naciō & we haue been enemies, & vs they haue euer hated, & yet we haue euer withstode thē til at y^e last battail of Branxston where we by chaūce lost

our soueraigne lorde & many noble men, but that was by treason of his lord chāberlain, & yet I thinke we wan y^e felde: which murther I thinke all we noble men ought to reuenge. Therfore I would that you should coragiously auaūce your self in this quarel to get honor & to be reuēged

Then a sad mā called the president of the coūsail sayd, my lorde: For∣tune of war is led by him that all ledeth, & he striketh the stroke, we can worke no miracles, & here are y^• lordes of Englād redy to encountre vs, and surely they will fight, for their power shal encreace daily and ours is at the hyest. And if God geue vs y^e victory as I trust he wil, yet haue we not won the feld. For redy cōming is y^e lord Talbot erle of Shrews∣bury so muche drad in Fraūce as you know wel, with a great puissaūt army, & there is no doubt but the kyng of Englād wil send or bryng a∣nother army, if we should chaūce to gette the ••yrst battail: if we get the ii. feld, that wil not be w^tout losse of many nobles, by reason wherof the realme shalbe weaker. And if we be ouercome, how many shalbe slaine god knoweth: They y^• fle be worthy to be reputed as traitors to y^e king & so by wilfulnes & folishe hardynes y^• realme shalbe in ieopardie to be vndone, & I say, while the kyng is w^tin age, we ought to moue no war, sith by war we may bring him to distruccion. Alas sayd y^• duke, here is al y^e puissaūce of Scotlād: if we returne, we shal encorage our enemies, & the realme of Scotlād shal euer be rebuked & defamed. All this com∣municacion in coūsail was written ••y one sir Lother priest & Scot and secretary to y^e quene of Scottes, whiche was a secretary there in y^• host at that tyme, to a Scottishe priest y^• dwelt in Lōdon: & farther he wrote that the Scottishe king did muche for the Frenche kynges pleasure to draw the lordes of Englād w^t their powers toward that partie & to put the kyng of Englād to charges, so that he should not inuade Fraunce.

After this cōmunicacion the quene of Scottes whiche doubted the se∣quele of this matter, sēt worde to the duke & him required to comon of a peace w^t the warden of thenglishe Marches, whiche sent an Herauld to the lord Daker then warden of y^• west Marches, y^• lord Daker agreed, & vpō hostages wēt to the duke of Albany into his cāpe, where y^• quene of Scottes by that tyme was come, & so ther was an abstinence of war taken for a season: and in the meane tyme the duke and the quene pro∣mised to send Ambassa••ors to the kyng of England to cōlude a peace: And thus y^• Scottes returned into their houses. This truce was takē the xi. day of Septēber betwene Englād & Scotlād this xiiii. yere of y^• kyng. Therle of Shrewsbury hearing of the truce by the lord Dacres letters returned with al his cōpany, sory that he had not gone forward on the Scottes. In this season the cōmissioners sat for the loane of the x. part of euery mans substaunce in euery shyre, the people were sworne and some auaunsed them selfes more then thei were worth of pride, not remembryng what was comyng, and the commissioners did what they could to set the people to the vttermoste, whiche afterwarde turned the people to muche heauines, & by reason of this, great summes of money were leuied, but the moste part were not content, because the loane was so sodainly payed. But vnder the value of .v. pound no mā lent a peny.

The .vii. day of October was .iiii.M. pound payde to the citie of Lon∣don whiche was lent for a priuate cause about the loane of the .x. part.

In this yere the bakers of London came and tolde the Mayre that corne would be dere, whervpon he and thaldermen made prouision for xv.C. quarters, & when it was come thei would bye none, and made the cōmon people beleue that it was musty, because they would vtter their owne, so that the lorde Cardynal was faine to proue it, and found the bakers false and commaunded them to bye it.

The xvi. day of October the kyng lay at Hitchyn in Hartford shyre to see this Haukes ••lye, and by chaunce, there the kynges lodgyng was on fyer & he is great feare, but in no i••opardie, and so the kyng came shortly to London and sent for the Mayre and dyuers comyners and to them gaue thankes for many kyndnes whiche they thought they had well deserued.

The warre thus cōtinuyng betwene the Frenche kyng and the kyng of England, there was a valiaunt capitane Constable of the castle of Hammes vnder the lorde Mount••oy called sir Richard Whethyll, the Frēchemen him somuche hated that thei deuised a policie to take him, & so on Christmasday at night there issued out of Bullain CC. horsmen and CCC. fotemen, and somuche they trauailed that all together were come to a place where Hoppes grew, nere Hammes castle called Catte Hall. When they were come thither, they kept theimselfes couert, and in the mornyng they brake vp the Turne pyke by sainct Gertrudes: Then sent they into Hammes Marshe .ix. or .x. fotemen to take cattell. In the castle the alarme rang, but the embushment kept theim stil close: The constable perceiued what the alarme ment, and armed him, & so did his archers, and toke his horse, and thre gētlemen went on fote by him. The Frenchmen of purpose driued the cattel here & there as though it would not be driuen, sir Richard Whethyll pursued them. When the driuers sawe him, they droue the cattel into a great felde: then were the bushment of horsmen and fotemen betwene him and sainct Gertrudes, and they sodaynly brake out on him, and the thre gentlemen on foote fought valiantly but they were slaine, the knight alighted and fought on fote manfully, but he was borne doune with pykes, and sore woun∣ded and so was compelled to yelde himselfe prisoner: by that tyme wer xxx. archers come out of the castle, and when they sawe the great nom∣ber of the Frenchemen, then they knewe that their capitaine was be∣trayed and so returned.

In this Christmas whiche was kept at Eltham, the Cardinal made dyuers reformacions for the kynges housholde, and all they that had no masters were commaunded to auoyde.

The .xxvii. day of February sir Ihon Walop knight sent .lx. auen∣turers from Guysnes to seke auentures, and they mette with a gentle∣manne called Thomas Palmer whiche went with them. And out of a castle betwene Bullaine and Marguyson called Hadyngham came out .lxxx. Frenchemen with Pykes and Crosbowes, and sette on the same Palmer whiche him defended.

Al his cōpany sauyng, xxiii. persons wer gone about to seke their pray. These .xxiii. persones him manfully succoured & after the Frenchemen had slaine his horse and wounded him, his company slewe .iii. Frenche∣men and toke xxv. and liue whiche were all hurt & so wer thenglishmen, for the Frenchemen fought sore. All these prisoners were brought to Guisnes, & the remnant of thaduenturers returned with muche cattel.

The last day of February .lx. Englishmen archers & bilmen came to a place called saint Anthonies nere to Marguison & entred y^e houses and fell a spoilyng: The Frenchmen wer therof aduertised by a spy, & came on & set on a few Englishmen which wer together: then with noise other of thenglishmen approched, so they were .xl. persones. Then came out a freshe embushment of Frenchmen & set on thenglishmen & so slewe .xi. & toke xx. prisoners & the other scaped.* 15.25 About this time y^e duke of Albany sailed out of Scotlād into Fraūce, & the French king somuche fauored him, y^t as it was shewed to the kyng of Englād for trueth, that when y^e Frenche king rode through Parys he rode on y^• one hand & Richard de la Pole a traytor to Englād & by parliament attainted on y^• other hād, & that the duke had asked of the Frēche kyng v.M. horsemen & .x.M. Almaines, & that he had promised y^e French kyng if he had those .xv.M. men, he would do one of these .iii. thynges, either sley y^• kyng of Englād in battail, or els take him prisoner, or els driue him out of his realme. These were shamefull bragges of a noble man and very folishe.

Ye haue hard before how truce was taken by y^e duke of Albany & the lord Da••res for a season betwene Englād & Scotlād & that Ambassa∣dors should be sent to y^e king of Englād, so it was y^• in October accor∣dyng to their accustomed doublenes they sent .iii. personages of small behauor as it semed▪ as Ambassadors frō Scotlād: they wer smally re∣garded & shortly departed. Their Cōmission was to know whether the same tyme or abstinēce of warre was by y^e king assēted to or not,* 15.26 & other cōmission had thei none. Thus thei ment craftely as you may perceiue, for in suche troublous tyme they may steale vnpunished, whiche they may not do in tyme of peace. Wherfore the kyng to be sure of them sent for Hēry the .v. erle of Northūberland & him made warden of the whole Marches which thākefully accepted thesame, & so departed lord War¦den. But how soeuer it happened he made suite to y^• kyng & his coūsail & neuer left, till he was discharged of thesame, & then therle of Surray lord Admyral of Englād was made general warden, & the lord Mar∣ques Dorset was made Warden of thest Marches & Myddil, and the lorde Dacres of the west Marches: whiche .iii. lordes sped them thether the vi. day of March for y^• defence of the borders. For refusyng of this office th••rle of Northūberland was not regarded of his owne tenaūtes which disdained him and his blod and muche lamēted his foly, and all men estemed him without hart or loue of honor and chiualrie.

The kyng out of hād sent cōmissions to gather y^e loane, this was cal∣led the practisyng of the loane,* 15.27 which sore emptied mens purses. In the same moneth were musters taken through the realme & euery ma com∣maūded to be ready within a dayes warnyng to do the kyng seruice in

harnes, which caused euery man of honesty to bye harnes and weapon.

The lorde Marques Dorset warden of the East Marches betwene England & Scotland accompanied with sir Willyam Bulmer and sir Arthur Darcy and many other noble men, the second day of April then beyng shere thursday entred into Tyuedale & so .x. myle into Galoway and brent on euery side townes and villages, and the Scottes in great nomber shewed themselfes on the hylles & did not approche, & so he all that night taried in the Scottishe ground & on good Friday returned with their botie whiche was .iiii.M. head of nete into England, when they had brent Grymslay, Mowhouse, Dufforde mylles, Ackeforthe, Crowlyng, Nowes maner, Midder Crowling, Marbottel, Low Bog, Sefforth Maner, Myddyl rigge, Primsed, Broket, Shawes Haruel, wide open Haught & other tounes & villages, & yet lost not many men.

The .xv. day of April beganne a Parliament at the blacke Fryers in Lōdon, & that day the Masse of the holy ghost was song, all the lor∣des beyng present in their Parliament robes. And when Masse was finished the kyng came into the Parliament chamber and there satte doune in the seate royall or throne, and at his fete on the right side satte the Cardynal of Yorke & the Archebishop of Cantorbury, & at the raile behind stode doctor Tūstal bishop of Lōdon, which made to the whole Parliament an eloquent Oracion, declaryng to the people the office of a kyng. Fyrst he must be a man of iudgement accordyng to the saiyng of the Prophet Dauid Deus iudicium tuum regi da, &c.* 15.28 Also he must be a man of great learnyng according to the saiyng of the Prophete, Eru∣dimini qui iudicatis ••erram. Accordyng to whiche saiynges he sayd that God had sent vs a prince of great iudgment, of great lernyng, & great experience, whiche accordyng to his princely dutie forgat not to studye to sette forwarde all thynges whiche might be profitable to his people and realme, least myght be layde to his charge the saiyng of Seneca Es rex & non habes tempus esse rex? Art thou a kyng and hast no tyme to be a kyng? which is asmuch to say, as art thou a kyng and doest no∣thyng profitable to thy people? Art thou a kyng & seest the people haue an insufficient lawe? Art thou a kyng and wilt not prouide remedy for the mischiefe of thy people? These thynges haue moued the kynges highnes to call this his high court of Parliament both for the remedy of mischiefes whiche be in the comon law, as recoueries, forain vou∣chers and corrupt trials. And for making & orderyng of new estatutes whiche may be to the high auauncement of the common wealth, wher∣fore he wylleth he commons to repare to the cōmon house and there to elect theim a speaker, or their comon mouth, and to certifie the lorde Chauncellour of the same, whiche should thereof make report to the kynges moste noble grace, whiche should declare his pleasure when he would haue him presented before his persone. This was the cause of the Parlyament he sayd, but surely of these thinges no worde was spoken in the whole Parlyament, and in effect no good act made

except the graunt of a great subsidie were one, but accordyng to this instruccion the commons departed to the common house and chose for their speaker sir Thomas Moore knight & presented him the saterday after in the Parliament chamber, where he accordyng to the old vsage disabled himselfe both in wit,* 15.29 learnyng, and discrecion, to speake before the kyng, & brought in for his purpose how one Phormio desired Han∣niball to come to his readyng, whiche thereto assented, and when Han∣nyball was come he began to reade, de re militari, that is of Chiualrie, when Hannyball perceiued him, he called him arrogant foole, because he would presume to teache him whiche was master of Chiualrie, in the feates of warre. So the speaker sayd, if he should speake before the kyng of learnyng and orderyng of a cōmon welth and suche other like the kyng beyng so well learned & of suche prudence & experience might say to him as Hannyball sayd to Phormio. Wherfore he desired his grace that the commons might chose another speaker: The Cardinall answered, that the kyng knewe his witte, learnyng & discrecion by long experience in his seruice: wherfore he thought that the commons had chosen him as the moste metest of all, and so he did admit him. Than sir Th••mas Moore gaue to the kyng his moste humble thankes, and de∣sired of him two peticions: The one, if he should de sent from the com∣mons to the king on message & mistake their entent, that he might with the kynges pleasure resort againe to the commons for the knowlege of their true meanyng: The other was, if in communicacion & reasonyng any man in the cōmon house should speake more largely then of dutie he ought to do, that all suche offences should be pardoned, & that to be entred of recorde, whiche two peticions were graunted, and so thus be∣gan the Parlyament and continued as you shal heare.

Because an euil chaūce happened to the great rebuke of all christen princes,* 15.30 I entend briefly to declare thesame miserable chaunce. In the beginnyng of this yere Sultan Solyman Pac called y^e great Turke whiche was but the viii. of y^e ligne of Ottoman, the fyrst that toke vpō him to be a great capitain or ruler. And to whom Sultan Selyme his father had lost thempyres of Constantinoble, Trapesonde, Alexandry, & Babylon, with many diuers kyngdomes & realmes: whiche Sultan Solymon the yere before had gotten the toune of Belgrado beyng the key of Hungary. Because the sawe all y^e great princes in Christendome now at discorde,* 15.31 thought it most for his honor & profite to make warre on the Isle of y^e Rodes and to take thesame, whiche Isle had been kept by the space of .CC.xiiii. yeres by the brethren or knightes of the order of sainct Iohnes of Ierusalē. Dyuers thinges moued him to take this enterprice, One was because this Isle stode so that the religious of the same oftentymes toke & destroyed his shippes as they came with golde and other riches from Egypt, Sirie & other Estparties to Constanti∣noble, so that by theim of that Isle he sustayned more hurt then by all Christendome, because the sayd Isle stode in the entry toward Constā∣tinople.

Another mocion was because his father when he died charged him to assay to take the Rhodes for to be reuenged of the shame that they had done to his graundfather Mahomet the great Turke whiche was with dishonor beten frō the siege of the Rhodes. But the greatest occasion of all was the exhortacion of a great counsailer of the religiō called Andrewe Amyral borne in Portyngale, whiche knewe the whole estate & in what case the toune stode in: The cause why this Andrew A∣myral bare malice to his religion, was because after the death of Frier Fabrica de Laretto lorde master of their religion, he was not elected to that honor, but one Philip de Uyllyers de Lisle Adam of Fraunce was named to be lorde Master, wherfore the sayd Andrew prouoked the Turke to come to the Rhodes.

The great Turke seyng so great an occasiō offered & desiryng honor, & also knowing the fortresse of y^• Rhodes to lacke municions (for surely the brethren of the sayd order wer both of suche wealth & pride, and also liued after suche an vngracious & godly fashion, that thei toke neither heede of their vow & solempne {pro}fession, nor also did for••se the thyng to come, so that the great welth of them, & their euil liuyng blinded them, so that thei thought y^e Turke durst not ones attēpt to set on their gar∣rison, & so they beyng eleuate in this point of pride, left their toune vn∣furnished and so wer sodainly surprised as you shal heare) wherfore y^e sayd Turke couerty {pro}uided for .iii.C. saile, in y^• which he al his caried artilery & all other thinges necessary: in y^e whiche army wer .lx.M. my∣ners and pyoners prepared for the onely intent to digge & myne: all the rest of the army of y^• Turke came by lād to a place called Fysco, which stādeth so directly against y^• Rhodes that a fyer many be seen frō the one side to the other, frō whiche place the Turke sent letters to y^e abouena∣med Philip de Uylliers lord Master of the sayd religion signifiyng to him that he would haue y^• sayd Isle for y^• great damage y^• thei had done to him & his people,* 15.32 and if they would yeld to him the sayd Isle, he pro∣mised on his fayth & by Mahomet his fyrst prophet, they should haue no damage nor hurt by him, & that they that would depart shuld go in safetie, & they that would tary & serue him should haue good wages, & if they refused this to do, he sware that he would subuert the walles of their fortresse and destroy them al and make them slaues, whiche letter was dated at Constantinople the fyrst day of Iune. The sayd Lorde Master and his compaignie were greatly abashed of this letter, but yet like hardy gentlemen they intended to defende them, and made all the preparacions that thei could do in so short a space, and wrote to all princes christen of their nede and distres. But the Turke like a wyly serpent knowyng the great deuision amōgest y^• christen princes, so that he knew that they could sende no succours to the Rhodes, sent CC.M. Turkes whiche arriued in the Isle of the Rhodes on Mydsomerday, whiche was y^• feastful day of y^• Rhodians in honor of S. Ihon baptist

whiche sodain commyng sore abashed the Rhodyans beyng but .vi.C. knightes and v.M. other mete to beare armes: yet of noble corage and trusting in God, thei determined to defend the enemies of God, and the xxviii. day of Iuly the Turke arriued there in his owne person, whiche muche encoraged his people.

When the Turke was arriued, he bent his ordinaunce towarde the toune and did no great harme, when he saw that the walles were of that defence that ordinaunce did litle harme, he caused all his Pyoners to cast yerth one banke ouer another styll till they came within a bowshot of the wall,* 15.33 and although that many of the pyoners were slain with or∣dinaunce of the toune, they neuer ceased tyll they had made a banke of yearth higher by .x. foote then the wall of the toune, and thei there layde their ordinaunce, so that no persone durst styrre on the walles or Bul∣workes, and thus with mountaines of yerth was the toune enuironed and behynd the mountaines lay the Basheaux and chiefe capitaines of the Turke whiche were euer redy to take their aduauntage, and dayly they shot into the toune•• and bet doune houses and slewe the people in the streates, for they vpon this mount might easely see into the toune. Beside this,* 15.34 the Turke caused so many mynes mynes to be made in diuers places, that they within were not able to make countermynes for lacke of people, insomuche as wemen were set a worke to dygge and cary, by reason wherof a great part of the walles were ouerthrowen, and if thei within had not made countermines the toune had been gotten within a short space.

Also the Turkes in September gaue to the Rhodyans foure great assautes like valiaunt warriers,* 15.35 but the Christen men within, so vali∣antly defended them, that at euery assaut thei lost at the lest .ii.M. men, and at the fourth assaut they lost .x.M. Turkes and more.

The great Turke seyng the losse of his men at the assautes, sent for Mo••staffa Basshaw, through whose counsail he toke on him this en∣terprice and muche blamed him that he had made him beleue that he might haue the toune within .xii. dayes or in a moneth at y^e most wher∣fore in y^• furie he would hue put him to death, if the other Bass••awes had not entreated for him: but in cōclusion y^e Turke determined clerely to rayse his siege and to depart, and so had done if that same night sir Andrew Amyrall that you heard of before and a Iewe beyng within the Rhodes had not written letters and shot them out on quarelles in∣to the Turkes army. By whiche letters the Turke knew the necessitie of the toune and feblenes of the people, whiche caused him to chaunge his purpose.* 15.36 But this treason was espyed, and the traytors taken and put to terrible execucion, And the Turke caused so many Mynes to be made, that although some tooke none effecte, yet by some he ouerthrew bothe Bulwarkes, walles and towers, so that he might entre into the toune: and so on sainct Andrewes euen he caused a great assaut to be geuen, whiche was very fierce, but yet the Christen men so valiauntly

defended them, that thei slewe three thousand Turkes and mo, and kept them from enteryng that daie, but the Citezens of the Rhodes after this assaulte, came to the lorde Master, and praied hym to haue compassion of them, their wiues and children, and shewed hym that if the toune wer taken by assault, (as it was like to be) that thei al should be cruelly mur∣dered, the Lorde Master muche regarded his honor, and comforted the people with faire wordes, but by chaunce about thesame tyme, the great Turke sent a letter into the Rhodes, willyng theim to deliuer the toune, and thei all should haue their liues and goodes, and thei that would ta∣ry, should tary in quiet, & thei that would departe, should sauely depart.

When this letter was knowen, then the people cried out on the lorde Master, to take the offre, wherfore he callyng all his counsaill together seyng that it was not possible to kepe the toune longe, both for lacke of artilary and vitaile, and also because his nomber was so minished, that scace he had souldiers to kepe the walles: wherefore he by greate aduice determined to take the Turkes offer, and so sent to hym twoo of his re∣ligion, for the farther conclusion and assuraunce of thesame,* 15.37 whiche well entertained them, and had writynges sealed of al thynges that thei desired, to whiche twoo knightes. Aymeche Bassaw sware by his faith that there was slain at the siege .lxiiii. thousande Turkes, and .xl. thou∣sande dedde of mortalitie and mo.

And so on Christmas daie, the greate Turke hymself entered into the Rhodes, and toke possession therof, and the lorde Master and all his re∣ligion, the first daie of Ianuary tooke ship and sailed to Candy, and s•• in conclusion came to Rome, and there declared his chaunce and aduen∣ture. Thus was the toune and the isle of the Rhodes, taken by the great Turke, whiche was a greate succor to all Christian men, resortyng into the Este partes of the world, whiche chaunce was muche lamented tho∣rowe all Christendom, and muche blame put in all Princes, because thei sent no succor nor aide to the Isle.

And this yere the bishoppe of Duresme died, and the kyng gaue the bishoprike to the Cardinall, and he resigned the bishoprike of Bathe, to doctor Ihon Clerke master of the Rolles, and he made sir Henry Mar∣ney his vicechamberleyn lorde Priuie Seale, & after created hym lorde Marney. In thende of this yere, doctor Blithe bishopp of Chester, was attached for treason, but he acquite hymself. And aboute this season, the Cardinall of Yorke beyng Legate, proued testamentes, and did call be∣fore hym, all the executors and administrators, of euery Dioces within the realme, so that the bishoppes and ordinaries, did proue no great wil¦les in their Dioces, except he wer compounded with, not to their litle di∣sauauntage. Also by his power Legantine he gaue by prouencions, all benefices belongyng to spirituall persones, by the whiche doyng, he not onely had the hatred of the spiritualtie, but also he ran into the daunger of the Premunire, whiche he sore after repented, as it shall appere in the xxi. yere of this kyng.

¶The .xv. yere.

THe Parliament beyng begon,* 15.38 as you haue hard before re∣hersed, the Cardinall accompaignied with diuerse lordes,* 15.39 aswell of the Spiritualtie, as of the temporaltie, came the xxix. daie of Aprill into the Common house, where he clo∣quently declared to the commons, how the Frenche Kyng Fraunces the first, called the moste Christened kyng, had so often tymes broken promise with the kyng of England, and his welbeloued nephew Charles the Emperor, that the kyng of his honor, could not lōger suffre. For first he declared, that the metyng of thesaied twoo princes at Guys∣nes, thesaid Frenche kyng was sworne, to kepe al the articles conteined in the tripartie league, made betwene hym, the Emperour, and the kyng of Englande, sithe the whiche tyme, he hath made warre on themperors dominiōs by Robert de la Marche his capitain. He also hath with hol∣den the tributes and other paimentes, whiche he should paie to the kyng of Englande, for redempcion of Tornay and Tirwin, and not with this content, hath not alonely robbed and spoyled the kynges subiectes, but also hath sent Ihon duke of Albany into Scotlande, to make warr and to inuade this realme, wherefore the Kyng of necessitie was driuen to warre and defence, whiche in no wise could be mainteined, without great somes of money,* 15.40 and he thought no lesse then .viii.C.M.••. to be re••••ed of the fifth parte of euery mannes goodes and landes, that is to saie .iiii.s. of euery pounde, for he saied that the yere folowyng, the Kyng and the Emperor should make suche warre in Fraunce, as hath not been seen.

After that he had declared his matter at length, exhortyng the Com∣mons to aide their prince, in tyme of necessitie, he departed out of the cō∣mon house. The morowe after, sir Thomas More beyng speker, decla∣red all the Cardinalles oracion again to the commons, and enforced his demaund strongly, saiyng: that of duetie men ought not to deny to paie iiii.••. of the pounde. But for all that, it was denied and proued manife∣stly, that if the fifth parte of substaunce of the Realme, were but .viii.C. M.••. and if men should paie to the kyng, the fifth parte of their goodes, in money or plate, it was proued, that there was not so muche money out of the kynges handes, in all the realme, for the fifth parte of euery man∣nes goodes, is not in money nor plate: For although fiue men wer well monyed, fiue thousand wer not so, the gentleman of landes, hath not the fifth parte of the value in coyne: the Merchaunt that is riche of Silke, Wolle, Tynne, Clothe, and suche Merchaundise, hath not the fifth part in money, the husbande man is riche in Corne and cattell, yet he lacketh of that some. Likewise viteilers and all other artificers, be riche in hou∣sholde stuffe, and not in money: and then consequently, if all the moeny wer brought to the kynges handes, then men must barter clothe for vi∣taile, and bread for chefe, and so one thyng for another: then cōsider that after this valuacion, the kyng hath had by the waie of loane .ii.••. of the pound, whiche is .iiii.C.M.••. and now to haue .iiii.••. of the .••. whiche a∣mounteth

in the whole .xii.C.M.••. whiche first and last is .vi.••. of the .••. whiche is almoste the third part of euery mannes good, whiche in coyne cannot bee had within this Realme, for the profe whereof was alleged, that if there were in Englande, but .xv.M. parishes, and euery parishe should geue a .C. marke, that were but .xv.C.M. marke, whiche is but x.C.M.••. and how many parishes be in Englande on with another a∣ble to spare a .C. markes, out of citees and tounes: and where it is writ∣ten, that in Englande there bee .xl. M. Parishe Churches, it was proued that there wer not .xiii. M. parishe churches at this vaie. Then accompt the whole some cannot amounte aboue .x.C.M.••. and the kyng demaū∣deth .viii.C.M. and he accordyng to this valuacion▪ hath had .iiii.C.M pounde, therefore it was thought, the some was impossible to be leuied, and if all the coyne wer in the kynges handes, how should men liue: Al∣so the kyng had of the spirituall men the last yere, iiii.s. of the pounde.

After long reasonyng, there wer certain appoynted, to declare the im∣possibilite of this demaunde to the Cardinal, whiche accordyng to their commission, declared to hym substancially the pouertie and skarcenes of the realme: all whiche reasons and demonstracions, he litle regarded, and then thesaid persones, moste m••kely beseched his grace, to moue the kynges highnes, to bee content with a more easier some, to the whiche he currishly answered, that he would rather haue his tongue, plucked out of his hedde with a paire of pinsons, then to moue the kyng, to take any lesse some: with whiche answere, thei almoste dismaied, came and made reporte to the common house, where euery daie was reasonyng, but no∣thyng concluded.

Wherefore the Cardinall came again to the common house, and desi∣red to be reasoned withall, to whom it was answered, that the fashion of the nether house was, to heare and not to reason, but emong themselfes. Then he shewed the realme to be of greate riches, firste, because the kyn∣ges customes were greater now, then thei were before tyme: also he alle∣ged sumpteous buildynges, plate, riche apparell, of menne, women, chil∣dren, and seruauntes, fatte feastes, and dilicate dishes, whiche thynges were all tokens of greate aboundance: with whiche repetyng of mennes substaunce, as though he had repined or disdained, that any man should fare well, or be well clothed, but hymself, the commons greatly grudged. And when he was departed out of the house, it was proued, that honest apparell of the commodities of this Realme, aboundance of plate, and honest viandes, were profitable to the realme, and not prodigall.

After long debatyng, the Commons concluded to graunte .ii.s. of the pound, of euery mannes landes or goodes, that was worth .xx. pounde, or might dispende .xx. pounde, to be taken for the kyng, and so vpwarde of euery .xx.s. twoo .s. and from .xl.s. to .xx. pounde, of euery .xx.s.xii.d. and vnder .xl.s. of euery hed, xvi. yeres and vpward .iiii.d. to bee paied in two yeres. This graunt was reported to the Cardinall, whiche ther∣with was sore discontent, and saied, that the lordes had graunted .iii.s.

of the pound, whiche was proued vntrue, for in dede thei had graunted nothyng, but harkened all vpon the commons.

Then a knight called sir Ihon Huse of Lincolneshire, saied, to please the Cardinal somewhat, let vs gentlemen of fiftie pound lande and vp∣wardes, geue to the kyng of our landes .xii.d. of the pounde, to be paied in thre yere: with whiche mocion diuerse gentlemen wer sore discontent. And when the question was asked, ten or .xii. of the gentlemen saied yea, and when the naie should be asked, the commons saied nothyng, for thei would not condempne, nor let the gētlemen to charge themselfes, and so by .x. or .xii. persones the gentlemen wer burdened, with .xii.d. more then other, for the whiche graunt, sir Ihon Huse and muche euill will.

A••ter this graunte made the .xxi. daie of Maie, because of Whitson∣tide the Parliament was proroged to the tenth daie of Iune: Duryng whiche prorogacion, the common people saied to the Burgesses, sirs, we heare saie you will graunt .iiii.s. of the pound, we aduise you to doo so that you maie go home, with many euill woordes and threatenynges.

And in this season, the Cardinall by his power legātine, dissolued the Conuocacion at Paules, called by the Archebishop of Cantorbury, and called hym and all the clergie, to his conuocaciō to Westminster, which was neuer seen before in Englande, wherof master Skeltō a mery Poet wrote. Gentle Paule laie doune thy sweard: For Peter of westminster hath shauen thy beard.

When the parliament was begonne again, the landed menne of fiftie pounde and vpward, seyng that thei were charged, with .xii.d. of euery pounde of their landes, moued, that all suche as were worth fiftie poūde in goodes and vpward, should paie also .xii.d. of the pounde, in the .iiii. yere. At the whiche mocion was muche reasonyng, & at the last the .xxvii. daie of Iune, the question was asked, and doubtfull it was, whether the yea or nay were moste, then was the house diuided, and al the commons seuered theimselfes, from the knightes of the sheres, so that one yea part remained onely the knightes of the shire, and the cōmons stifly affirmed that the mocioners of this demaunde, wer enemies to the realme. At the last the Speaker called theim all together, and after long perswadyng, and priuie laboryng of frendes, it was agreed that .xii.d. of the pounde should be paied the fourth yere, of fiftie pounde in goodes.

After this the parliamēt the ▪xxxi. daie of Iuly, was adiorned to West¦minster, and there continued till the .xiii. daie of August, and that daie at ix. o•• the clocke in the night dissolued. Duryng the tyme of this Parlia∣ment the .xxvii. daie of Aprill, was Sir Arthur Plantagenet, bastarde sonne to kyng Edward the fourth, at Bridewell created viscount Lisle, in the right of his wife, whiche was wife to Edmond Dudley behedded.

In this season was true worde brought, that on Christmas daie laste past, the strong toune of the Rhodes was deliuered, to the great Turke called Sultan Soliman, with the whole Islande, to the greate hurt of all Christian nacions: the causes of the losse, was the ••uill liuyng of the brethren or knightes, and negligēce of prouision for the defence, and the

enuie and treason emongest themselfes, as it is written and reported.

This yere Cristierne Kyng of Denmarke with his wife, whiche was sister to the Emperor Charles, and his thre children, with .xviii. shippes arriued in Flaunders, clene banished out of his realmes and domini∣ons, by his vncle Frederick Duke of Ho••st, & his awne subiectes, for his crueltie as is written. Whiche Cristierne with his wife, was well enter∣tained of the Duches of Sauoy, and a pencion assigned to hym to liue on, in Brabant and Hollande. Duryng the tyme of his there soiornyng, he made muche suite to come into Englande, to see and speake with the kyng, whiche request was to hym graunted, and so he and his Quene, with foure gentlewomen,* 15.41 and a trayne of fourtie persones, poore and e∣uil appareled, landed at Douer the .xv. daie of Iune, where he was no∣bely receiued, by the erle of Deuonshire, and the bishoppes of Excester, and Rochester, and diuerse Knightes and Esquiers, and so brought to Grenewiche: where the Kyng and the Quene, standyng vnder their clo∣thes of estate, receiued in the greate hall of Grenewiche, kyng Cristerne and Quene Isabell his wife. And he dined with the kyng, and she with the quene, bothe set vnder the clothe of estate, and were sumpteously ser∣ued, of all dilicate viandes.

And when he had soiorned there a season, euery daie feasted at the Court, he was conueighed to Londō, and lodged at Bathe place, where he hearyng of the watche in London, on sainct Peters euen, desired to se it, and so was accompainied with the duke of Suffolk, the Erles of Ox∣ford, Es••ex, and Kent, and diuerse other lordes and ladies, and brought into the Kynges hed in Chepe, where the citee of London made to hym and his wife a costly banket. And when he had seen the watche, he saied, I would to God I had so many Archers, Pikes, and halberders, as I sawe this night, then I trust I would ponishe suche, as haue wrōgful∣ly dispossessed me, of my realme and countrey. And after he had solaced hymself in London, he resorted to the kyng, of whom he had many great giftes, and likewise had his wife of the quene her aunte▪ and so tooke their leaue, and were conueighed to Douer. And when he had been in Englande .xii. daies, he tooke shippyng, and sailed again into Flaun∣ders, preisyng muche the kyng of Englande and his Court.

Duryng all this season, and session of the parliament, the warre was fierce, bothe betwene England and Fraunce, and England and Scot∣lande, in so muche that eche parte, did asmuche as in theim laie, to hurte the other. For on the borders of Scotlande, laie the valiaunt Erle of Surrey, greate Admirall of Englande, and the Marques Dorset, and his three brethren, sir Willyam Co••••ton, and sir Willyam Kyngston, with diuerse other knightes and Esquiers, sent to theim by the kyng, whiche daily inuaded the Realme of Scotlande, and threwe doune the Castle of We••orberne, the castle of West Nesgate, the Castle of B••ak∣kater, the tower of Mackewalles, the Tower of Est Nesgate, and many other, and brent to the nomber of .xxxvii. villages, and haried the coun∣trey

from the Este Marches to the West, and neuer had skirmishe: but thei oftētymes shewed themselfes in plumpes, waityng their auantage how be it in all this iorney, were fewe Englishemen lost. Wherfore the Lordes perceiuyng, that the Scottes entended not to make any armie into Englande, fortified the frontiers on euery parte, with men and all thynges necessary for defence, for stealyng or other small rodes▪ After al whiche thynges set in a perfectnes, thei returned toward the kyng, and came to the ende of the Parliament.

In this season,* 15.42 the Frenchemen hauyng a greate desire, to haue the kynges toune of Calice, deuised first to destroy the hauen, by the which thei supposed, that Calice might haue been lightly gotten, for faulte of reskewe. Whereupon thei laded an old ship of .iiii.C. tonne, with great Cane stone, in the port of Depe, whiche ship had no mast, but came with a forsaile, as though the mast had been cut, and cast ouer the bord in the sea in a tempest. And when she came before Calice, euery man that sawe her, thought she had been wether driuen, and lost her mast by tēpest, and so aboute .x. of the clocke at night the .xxiiii. daie of Maie, thesaid shippe came before Calice hauē, as though she would entre for harborow, and so was enteryng and missed the chanell, & turned to the sandes, towarde Rise banke, and the Frēchemen supposyng, that thei had been in the ve∣ry chanell, launched out their boate, and sodainly set the shippe on fire, and lepte into their boate, and so skaped by the shore. When thei of Ca∣lice sawe the fire, thei were sore troubled, and at the last when the water was gone, thei perceiued the ship consumed, and the goodly Cane stone liyng whole.

Wherfore the lorde Barnes deputie of Calice, the lorde Barkley le∣uetenaunt of the castle, the lorde Sandes thresorer of Calice, and other commaunded all the laborers that might be gotten, to breake the rem∣naunt of the ship, and to cary awaie the stone, and so thesaied stone was brought to Calice: wherupon thesaied capitaines sent a letter, to the ca∣pitain of Bull••ine, by Calice pursiuant at armes, desiryng hym to geue thankes, to Monsire Lodowyke capitain of Depe, for the sendyng of for faire a ship, and goodly stone to Calice, whiche stone thesaied lordes sent worde, thei had receiued into the toune of Calice, and that it did thē muche profite, for the fortificacion of thesaied Toune, desiryng hym to sende more, and thei would receiue it on thesame price. To the whiche letter, the capitain of Bulleine answered, I haue nothyng lost, nor thei haue nothyng gotten of me, tell hym that hath lost, with whiche answere the pursiuant departed. Wherupon thenglishemen beyng greued, there issued out of Calice an .C. light menne of warre, called auenturers, and came nere Bulleine, and obteined a greate botie, wherof the garrison of Bullein beyng aduertised, issued out and folowed the Englishmen, and sharpely them encountered. The Englishemen shot so, that the Frenche men whiche were fiue hundred, lighted and fought sore, so that as it ap∣pered euidently, that there wer dedde on the ground .xlvi. Frenchemen,

and .xxii. Englishemen, and the Frenchemen toke .xx. Englishemen pri∣soners, the residue of the Englishemen kept them to gether, and so came to Calice, the capitain of this enterprise was on Lathebery.

The lorde Sandes thresorer of Calice, entendyng to be reuenged on the Frenchemen, called the counsaill of Calice to hym, and declared to them how that the Frenchemen, and in especiall Monsire de Bees capi∣tain of Bullein, daily imagened to destroye the Englishe pale, and that thei on the Englishe part, had nothyng doen yet against them: wherfore he aduised them all to do some act, and he hymself would be present, and formoste man, and their leder and capitain. Whereupon it was conclu∣ded and commaunded, that euery manne should be in a readines, at the foundyng of a trompet, vpon whiche warnyng, thesaied lorde Sandes the .ix daie of Iuly early in the mornyng, sent furth twoo hundred light horses, through the Englishe pale, to stoppe the people from goyng, the one towarde the other, least his enterprise should bee askried, and so the people wer kept in all that daie, and in the euenyng aboute seuen of the clocke, he himself with a capitain called Guiot, Thomas Palmer, Rip∣ton. Raufe Broke and other, set forward with light ordinaunce and vi∣taile, and embattailed themselfes in good arraie, and marched towarde Sandifelde by a .xi. of the clocke, and there refreshed themselfes, and in good ordre, thei came to the Water of Sclaukes, not farre from Bul∣lein, whiche was the tenth daie of Iuly.

When thei were askried Alarme was rong all the countrey, and the capitain of Bullein sent furth .lxx. menne of Armes, and foure hundred footemen with morice pikes, crosebowes, and hande gunnes, wherefore capitain Guyot was sent with his bend of horsemen, to aide thenglishe footemen, whiche were farre behynde, and Capitain Ripton, was ap∣poynted to fight with the Frenchemen, and sir Thomas Palmer, and Raufe Broke, with the remnaūt of the horsemen, stode for a stale. Then capitain Ripton profered forwarde with the Speres of Calice, and the Frenchmen came on valiauntly, then began a sore skirmishe, the Frēche¦men bothe horsemen and footemen, defended the passage at the water of Sclaukes, whiche is but a gut made by force of lande water, but after long fight, the Englishemen gat ouer the water by pure force, and toke the Frenchemens standerd, and a gentleman, whiche was a man of Ar∣mes of Bullein, called Charles be Maruiel, and euer sir Thomas Pal¦mer and Raufe Broke, stode & aided where necessitie was moste. Thus this skirmishe continued, from foure of the Clocke in the mornyng, till ix. of the clocke, before None, and euer the Frenchemen encreased, but at the last thei retreited themselfes toward Bullein, in whiche returne di∣uerse of thē wer slain. Or the skirmishe was ended, came the lorde San∣des with the fotemen, with his spere on his thigh, and this helme on his hed, and greatly encoraged his compaignie: duryng whiche conflict, di∣uerse of Picardy had gathered them together, and had taken the church of Odirsaell, whiche was well fortefied, and a strong place: whereof the

Lorde Sandes beyng aduertised, he marched thether ward, and in the waie burned all that might be brent, and sent an officer of Armes, to thē that kept the churche of Odirsaell, to yeld the churche to hym; whiche to hym answered▪ that thei would stande at defence: then he commaunded an assault, whiche quickly was doen, and the Frenchemen defended thē selfes, with hand gonnes, crosebowes, and pikes, so that the Englishmē could not entre. Then the lorde Sandes commaunded a curtal, whiche he had with hym, to be shotte to the churche, and perced it through: then thei within sawe that their defence could not hold, yelded thēselfes be by and goodes. Out of the Churche came .lxxii. Frenchemen, whiche were taken as prisoners, and all the goodes whiche thei had caried into the churche were taken for a botie. Thus by one of the cl••cke, thesaid tenth daie of Iuly, was the churche of Odirsaell taken.

In this while also, had the Frenchemen manned the steple of Odyn∣gham, whiche was a very strong tower, muche like a castle, to whom the lorde Sandes sent an officer of armes, to commaunde them to yelde the fortresse, to whom thei answered, that thei wer Frenchemen, and to hym thei would none yeld, and if he came thether, thei would withstand him: wherupon he and his armie marched thether ward, and aboute foure of the clocke at after none, he assaulted the steple, and the Frenchmen them selfes valiauntly defended, but sodainly by a chaūce vnknowen, the s••e∣ple was a sire, and the Frenchemen fled doune to the quire, then the En∣glishemen lightly entered the body of the churche, & assaulted the Frēch menne, whiche cried mercie and yelded theimselfes, and at twelue of the Clocke at midnight the assaulte ended, and there were yelded out of the churche fortie prisoners.

After whiche tyme, the Lorde Sandes encamped hymself, and made good watche for feare of enemies, & in the mornyng called to hym all the priestes, whiche wer in bothe the churches, and stode at defence, and said to thē, that thei ought not to bee men of warre, and notwithstandyng he had theim as prisoners, yet for Gods sake he released thē, admonishyng thē, that if euer after thei wer taken at defence, thei should be hanged on the nexte galowes: after whiche monicion doen, he deliuered them frely.

About .viii. of the clocke in the mornyng, he marched forward in good ordre of battaill, and came to the Castle of Hardyngham, the whiche he brent and spoyled, and so the .xi. daie of Iuly, he and his cōpaignie whi∣che passed not .xii.C. men, of whiche he had lost but onely .xii. returned to Calice with greate store of bestiall and pillage.

This▪ same season, the Frenche kyng sent an armie of .xviii.M. men, towardes the parties of Flaunders, whiche secretly enterprised to take a place called Newdike, whiche is a strong passage, betwene Fraunce and Flaunders, kept by the Flemynges, whereof thei beyng aduertised, a••••eised a greate power of .xiii.M. and came to the passage, and slewe of the Frenchemen .vi.C: then the Frenchemen reculed, and seuered theim∣selfes: some went to Mount Orry, and some to sainct Omers and some

brent the subbarbes, thei within Mount Orry defended themselfes, and hurte the capitain of Bulleine, called Monsire de Bees, and slewe his horse: wherfore the Frenchemen wente thence, and brent a village called Arkus: thus was all the ••rountiers full of Frenchemen, in somuche that in the monethe of August, thei bette into the toune of Guisnes, the scou∣rers and the scoute watche, whereof began Alarme, and the Frenchmen whiche were many in nōbre, a lighted as though thei would geue assaut maintenant, and fiersly proffered toward the diches, but when the ordi∣naunce beganne once to shote, it was no nede to bid theim go. Then the Englishemen coragiously folowed the chace, but sodainly out came an embushement of Frenchemen, and toke twoo Englishemen, and thus al the armie of Fraunce, remoued to Gyngate beside Tyrwyn.

The Frenche kyng seyng the kyng of England, daily more and more encoraged to make war on hym and his dominions, and that the Scot∣tes did nothyng to his pleasure, for lacke of the Duke Ihon of Albany, whom the Scottes called their gouernor. He therfore caused greate pre∣paraciō to be made, on all parties for men, shippes, harnes, and artilery for the sendyng of the Duke Ihon of Albany into Scotlande, whiche Duke of a greate presumpcion promised to the Frenche kyng, to driue the kyng of Englande out of his realme, whiche promise was not kept.

The Kyng of Englande, hearyng that the Duke of Albany, should passe into Englande, to make warre on his realme, thought to haue him met on the seas, and therfore he prepared, a flete of tal and strōg shippes mete to encounter with thesaied Duke and his power, and made Admi∣rall of that iorney, sir Willyam Fitz willyam, and with hym sir Fraun∣ces Brian, sir Antony Pounez, Seriant Rot, Ihon Hopton, Willyam Goustone, Anthony Kniuet, Thomas West & other whiche with great diligence, laie in waite to mete with thesaid duke of Albany, and as thei sailed on the Frenche coste, thei determined to lande, to doo some harme to Tray Port, and as thei houered there, thei were espied: then the capi∣tain of the toune fired the beakēs, sent for aide of al the for••resses about and strengthed and manned the toune very warlike. This notwithstan¦dyng, sir William Fitz William and other capitaines, left not their en∣terprice, and so the .xxiii. daie of August beyng Sondaie, at seuen of the clocke in the mornyng, thei toke lande in the hauen of Treyport, at whō the Frenchemen shot out ordinaunce, quarelles and stones, the English men in the botes shot likewise, and encoraged by their capitaines, assau∣ted the Frenchemen in their bulwerkes, the Frenchemen them valiantly defended, and thenglishe capitaines as men without fere, theim assailed and yet the nomber was nothyng egall, for the Englishemen were but vii.C. men, & the Frenchmen .vi.M. For the well fightyng of the Frēch men, their bulwerkes wer taken, and their ordinaunce sezed, and all that wer about, fled to the toune of Treiport, and euer thenglishmen folowed shotyng arowes at them, and sleyng them, in whiche skirmishe Seriant Rotte had his bowe in his hande striken with a Gonne. Then the capi∣taines

••ried sainct George, to the gates of Treyport, then euery manne a••••unced forward, and as thei were goyng, Cristopher Morres master Gon••er, espied a pece of a Maste, whiche he caused to bee taken vp, and then Anthony K••euet, and Fraunces Neudigate with their men, ranne with thesaid maste to the gate, but the gate was so strong, that it could not be broken: and also at euery loupe late a pece of ordinaunce, whiche continually shot at the Englishemen, whiche caused theim to leaue the gate, and then thei s••tte fire in the subbarbes, whiche was a faire str••te, and all was brent▪ and while the subbarbes brent, the Englishemen wēt to the hauen, and would haue had out the shippes, but water lacked, wherefore thei set fire on theim, and brent there seuen faire shippes be∣stoe other. All this while was there skirmishyng at the gates, and much murder on bothe sides, for the Frenchemen in fityng from their bulwer∣kes to the toune, lost .lxxx. per••ones, and many wer hurte with arrowes. The men of the countrey came thether still, in somuche as the nomber became very great, whiche sir Willyam Fitz Willyam pe••ceiuyng, cau∣sed his trompet to blowe a retrete, and with suche prisoners, pillage, and ordinaunce as thei had gotten, thei returned to their boates, and the ca∣pitaines sent their souldiers before, the Frenchemen perceiuyng the En∣glishemen returned, issued out and founde on lande, Fraunces Neudi∣gate, Thomas Wagham, Seriant Rotte, and other Capitaines to the nomber of twelue, and ran hastely toward theim in greate nomber, whi∣che perceiuyng that, bended themselfes to fell their liues dere Sir Wil∣lyam Fitz Willyā perceiuyng the greate ieoperdy that thei wer in, tur∣ned his boate towarde the lande, and discharged his ordinaunce, & with muche pain saued these gentlemen, and them toke into boates, notwith∣standyng a great nomber of Frenchemen, whiche wer in the water to let hym: and thus the whole armie returned to their shippes, after thei had been v••houres on land, and brought with them .xxvii. pe••es of faire ordi¦naunce, which wer in the bulwarkes, & lost of their men not fully .xx. per∣sones, and then euery capitain toke his awne ship, and coasted the seas, euer lokyng for the duke of Albany, but thei hard no tidynges of hym.

In the Parliamēt (as you haue hard) it was cōcluded,* 15.43 that the kyng of necessitie, muste nedes make strong warre on the realme of Fraunce, wherefore the noble Charles duke of Suffolk, was appoynted as Ca∣pitain generall, to passe with an armie royall into Fraunce, in thende of August, whiche with all diligence, prepared all thynges necessary, for suche a royall enterprice: and for the furniture of this armie, there were appoynted to geue their attendaunce on hym, the lorde Montacute, and sir Arthur Po••e his brother, the lorde Herbert sonne to the erle of Wor∣cester, the lorde Ferreis, he lorde Marney, the lorde Sandes, the lorde Barkeley, the lorde Powes, and Baron Curson, and of knightes, sir Ri∣charde Wyngfelde, Chaunceller of the Duchie of Lancaster, sir Ihon Ueer, sir Edward Neuell, sir Willyam Kyngston, sir Richard Welson, sir Andrew Wynsore, sir Robert Wyngfeld, sir Anthony Wyngfeld, sir

Edward Guyldford, sir Edward Gryuell, sir Edward Chamberlein, sir Thomas Luce, sir Euerard Dighby, sir Adrian Foscew, sir Willyam Skeuyngtō Master of the ordinance, sir Thomas Cheiney, sir Richard Cornwall, sir William Cortney, sir Willyam Sidney, sir Henry Owen all these lordes and knightes, with many other knightes and coragious E••quiers, & actiue gentlemen, came accordyng to the kynges commaun demēt at last, with all their people and retinue to Douer, where thei mu∣stered at seuerall tymes▪ as thei passed to the sea, and so the nombre takē, that is to saie, of dimy Lances .vi.C. of archers on horsebacke twoo .C. of Archers on foote three .M. of bill men fiue .M. of pioners and labo∣rers .ii.M.vi.C, and when the viewe was taken on the other side of the sea, there were adioyned to this nomber .xvii.C. whiche might be spared out of the fortresses, and krewes of Hams, Guysnes, and Calice, so that al the army wer .xiii.M. and an .C. well harnesed, and appareled for the warre, the pioners onely excepte: but the duke hymself arriued at Calice the .xxiiii. of August, with his retinue and counsaill, abidyng the armie, and caused all thynges, as vitaill and other, to be prepared for thesame.

Muche commonyng was in Englande, whether this army should go because that no man, except a fewe, knew the secretnes: some said to Bul∣l••••n, some to Paris, and so euery man iudged, accordyng to his awne o∣pinion, as the common vse is.

In this season, because the mortalitie was greate in Calice, the duke of Suffolk caused his armie to be lodged in tentes and pauilions, vpō the faire grene beside sainct Peters Churche, for their more healthe, and he accompaignied with diuerse noble men, the .viii. daie of September ••od•• to Grau••lyng, & thether came to hym Cristerne kyng of Denmark and the lorde I••il••ten, capitain generall of Flaunders, whiche amiably enterteigned thesaied duke, and after thei had secretly commoned of di∣uerse matters, concernyng diuerse armies to inuade Fraunce, in sondry places, the duke toke leaue of the kyng and other, and came to Calice.

While the armie laie without Calice, thei daily came into the toune, and so it happened that a symple felowe cut a purse,* 15.44 as he made to bye apples, whiche incōtinent was taken, and brought to the Maiors hous to ward, whiche thyng diuerse Welshemen perceiuyng, and not know∣yng what apperteigned to Iustice, ranne in greate compaignies to the Maiors house, and would haue broken the house, the Officers of the toune entreated, and Welshemen more and more approched, the nom∣bre of the Welshemen were so greate, that the watche of Calice strake Alarme. Then the Lorde deputie and the Lorde Sandes, did all that in them laye, to bryng theim to conformitie, but thei were so rude that thei nothyng them regarded,* 15.45 the priestes brought furthe the blessed Sacra∣ment, whiche also was not regarded. Wherfore the Lorde Ferreis was straightly commaūded to appese their rage, for with hym thei came the∣ther, whiche with greate pain and entreatie theim appesed: and then all the Welshemen were commaunded to the felde, and to depart the toune

& so wer al other capitaines, & after diuerse of y^• hed rioters wer appreh••¦ded & sore punished for exāple. And when al thynges necessary wer pre∣pared the duke issued out of Calice & toke the feld, & ordeined his Mar∣shal, & capitain of the vantgard the lord Sandes, capitain of his right wyng sir Williā kyngston, and capitain of his lefte wyng, sir Eueraid Dighby, sir Edward Guyldford Marshal of Calice, was capitain of al the horsmē, sir Richard Wingfeld, capitain of y^e rereward: then the duke with al his army, as capitain of y^e middle ward, with standerdes, baners and penons, displaied, marched forward in good ordre of battail, & came to a place called Kalkewell, and there lodged the .xix. day of September In whiche place diuerse souldiers, of Carters and vp lande men, whiche wer vnmete for the warre, (for euery thyng to theim was pain) fell sicke and disseased, wherfore the duke gaue them leaue by pasport to returne.

And on the .xxii. daie of September, he tooke vp his campe and came to Hamswell, and there pitched his felde, he thus liyng in abode for the armie of Flaunders, which promised to ioyne with hym, whiche as then wer not come to .s. Omers. He entendyng not to lye still idlely, s••nt Cla∣re••seux kyng of Armes, to somon the castle called Bell castle, to yelde to hym, or els he would destroy it with fire and sword, the officer of armes did his message accordyngly, to whom the Capitain answered, that he would deliuer no castle to the duke, & if the duke came thether, he should nothyng get, for he saied he was sure of suche rescues, y^• should not be to the dukes auantage: whiche with this answer returned toward the duke and in the waie he met the lorde Sandes, & the lord Ferreis, in array of battail, with .v.C. horsmen, & .i.M. footemen, to whō he rehersed the an∣swer, then said y^• lordes we must cōpel him, if otherwise he wil not. Then the master of thordinance was cōmaūded to prepare for a batrie, which was doen, & thether came .v.c. horsemen of Burgoniōs, & .v.C. fotemen, then thordinance with great difficultie was brought nere the castle, & al though it wer night, the gonnescesed not & bet the place sore, thei within defended the best that thei might, & when the day begā to spryng, the lor∣des caused to blow to thassault, which hearyng the capitain of the castle said to his cōpanions, y^• thei wer not able to abide thassault, & that their succors failed them, wherefore of necessitie thei muste deliuer the castle, whereto thei agreed, and so he yelded the castle, his life onely saued, and all other at the mercie of the duke, whiche pardoned theim, and toke thē as prisoners, and deliuered the castle to sir Willyam Skeuyngtō, whi∣che was shortly rased doune to the ground, the .xxvii. daie of Septēber.

Mondaie beyng the .xxviii. daie of Septēber, there was a proclama∣cion made in tharmy, how that Fraunces duke of Burbon, & Constable of Fraunce, was become frend to the kyng of Englande, & enemy to the Frēch kyng▪ & was sworne to the kyng of England, & had in his wages for the kyng of England .x.M. Almaines to inuade Fraūce, or to let the French kynges purposes, & for this intent to hym was sent money in no litle some, but the common people said, y^• neuer was Frenchman true to Englande, how be it he was true as long as he liued.

To make this proclamacion more apparant, you must vnderstande that in this season the Frenche king was ruled by his mother the Coū∣tesse of Angulesme and the Admyrall of Fraunce called lorde Bonyu••t whiche as was reported and sayd, loued the sayd lady as his paramor, of whiche all the court of Fraunce spake muche. These two persones so ruled the kyng, that what thei sayd was done, and no iudgement nor sētence passed in the Parliament at Parys without their assent, so that nothing was done without them, at whiche thing the nobles of Fraūce sore disdained and especially the lorde Fraunces duke of Burbon and Constable of Fraunce whiche hauing a suite for therledome of Mont∣pelyer could not be heard speake nor his counsail neither. At the l••st he beyng sore displeased with this vnkynd and vniust handlyng, came to the French kyng besechyng him of iustice & fauor, whiche flateryng him sayd, that al that was in his power to do he would gladly accom∣plish, & other answer had he none, & to encreace his grudge y^e more, the Frenche kinges mother made a title to the whole Duchy of Burbon & Auerne, and the Admyral & she so entised the kyng that he sayd opēly that the Duke of Burbon shortly should be as poore as the meanest gentleman in Fraunce, whiche wordes reported to him caused him to hate mortally the Frenche kyng and his mother, and so in displeasure departed into his owne countrey. The kyng of England beyng he••eof aduertised, sent to the duke of Burbon a knight of his Chamber called sir Ihon Russell a man well languaged, whiche wisely and couertly so behaued himself, that he came to the duke to Molyns and knew al his entent how he would forsake his kyng, and serue the king of Englād & the Emperor against the Frenche kyng, and therevpon tooke his othe•• The Frenche kyng not mistrusting the allegeance of the duke of Bur∣bon sent to the Duke to prepare him to go into Italye, for he had pre∣pared a great army to passe the mountaines against the duke of Myl∣laine, in which army he had .vi.M. men of armes, and .xxv.M. fotemen The duke hearyng hereof fained himselfe sicke, and the Frenche kyng passyng by Molyns visited & cōforted him: to whō the duke promised to come shortly after to Lyons with all his power, and caused an horse∣litter to be caried emptie, iii. dayes amongest a certain of his souldiers as though he were ••here, but he himselfe fled secretly into the Countye of Burgoyne pertainyng to the Emperor, where he retained .x.M. Al∣maines to inuade Fraunce assone as the Frenche kyng was passed the mountaines.

When the Frenche kyng heard of this, he sent the Admyrall into I∣taly with his army, & sent his great Master to seaze al the dukes lādes. Of all these doynges sir Ihon Russell brought true worde, for he was present with the Duke, and also sawe the Frenche armye, and returned vnespied, wherfore he deserued & had of the king and his coūsail great thankes. Wherevpon the kyng caused the proclamacion to be made in the army, that they might knowe that all the power of Fraunce should

not trouble them. For what with the warres of Italy and for the duke of Burbons power they might do what they lust & be vnfought withal whiche so proued after. Whiche tidynges muche encoraged thenglishe souldiers.

After this proclacion, there were tidynges brought to the army for a trueth, that one Hierome Uicount, a great familiar frende w^t the duke of Myllayne entised by the Frenche kyng, had almost slaine Fraūces duke of Myllaine with a dagger behynd at his backe, with the whiche doyng the Frenche kyng aboue all persones fained himselfe to be most displeased. The morowe beyng the .xxix. day of September the duke with his whole army remoued to Arde and there lodged, & the last day of September he remoued to a village called Alrke, and from thence the fyrst day October he came to a village betwene Tyrwyn and saint Omers called Esqwerdes or Cordes, where the duke lay and encāped himselfe abidyng his enemies.

Nowe must I returne to tell you what was done betwene England and Scotland this same season. Whyle the Duke of Suffolke was thus inuadyng the realme of Fraūce. The Scottes thinkyng the war turned into Fraunce, and that nothyng should be attempted against them, began to robbe and spoile on the Marches of England, whereof the kyng hearyng sent againe thither the valiant erle of Surray trea∣sorer and Admyrall of England, whiche in all hast sped him to the west Marches and sent for an army of vi.M. men, & with banner displayed entred by the dry Marches betyng doune castles & fortresses on euery side. And alth••ugh the Scottes be men of high corage, yet they seyng the wise conduict of the noble erle of Surray and his chosen company, durst not ones enco••̄ter with hi••, and so he passed quietly through the dales, tyll he came to the strong toune of Iedworthe, in whiche lay a great garrison of Scottishmen whiche did al the hurt they could to the Englishmen, and hardely in great nomber skyrmished with thenglish∣men, so that on both partes diuers wer slaine, but in the end the Abbay, Castle, and toune of Iedworth were brent and all rased a sonder in the open sight of the Scottes. And after this he would not returne but en∣camped himself in the Scottishe ground abidyng battail, and lay ther from the .xxii. day of September to the .xxv. day. D••ryng whiche tyme tyme he sent y^• lorde Daker of Gyldersland to a strong hold of Doncar called Fernhurst, the whiche castle stode very euil to come to, for the wayes wer hylly, stony, and full of marishes, and the Scottes had bent their ordinaunce that way: yet for all that the Englishmen so fiersly set on that they gat the castle, notwithstandyng that the Scottes fought valiauntly, and many of theim were taken, as Dan Car the lorde, the lorde of Gradon and diuers other whiche was there taken, and so the lorde Daker returned with his prisoners, and then he was ordained to kepe the watche that night whiche set his watches & his wardes surely. In the night sodainly .CCC. good geldynges brake out of a pasture,

whiche were in custodie of the sayd lord Dacres campe, and as beastes wodde and sauage ranne enraged, and notwithstandyng that men did asmuche as they might to stoppe them, yet they ranne as though they were in array of battail, whereof the noyse in the night was so great, that the armye souned alar me, the horse styll in array ranne to the cāpe, where the erle lay and bare doune many persones in their waye, and so sodainly ranne away whether it was vnknowen: the lorde Dacres men sayd that the deuil was sene amongest them: and after the third day the Erle returned into England,

When the Erle of Surray departed from the borders in August as you haue heard heretofore: The Scottes wrote to the duke of Albany of all their affaires, whiche was commyng into Scotland. But when he heard that the Nauy of England lay in wayte to fight with him, he durst not auenture, but sate styll: And when he heard there was no ca∣pitaines of name on the borders of England toward Scotland, he de∣uised by policie that all his shippes should be remoued to the hauen of Brest, and sayd himselfe and caused it to be noysed that he would not saile into Scotlād that yere. So rāne the voice al the coastes of Nor∣mandy and Britaigne, and so passed tyll the ende of Septembre.

The kyng of England was enformed by suche as knew none other, that the Duke of Albany had broken his iorney, and would not passe that yere into Scotland. Wherfore the kyng of England in the mid∣dest of September caused his shippes to be layde vp in hauens tyl the next spryng: The duke of Albany beyng therof aduertised boldly then tooke his shippes and shipped his people, and with .lxxii. saile in sight passed by the West partes of England and coasted Wales, & so with great labor landed at Kyrcowbre in the West parte of Scotland with all his people the .xxi. day of Septēber whiche were in nomber .iii.M. or there about, and with him was the traytor Richard Delapole.

When it was knowen in Scotland that the lorde Gouernor was landed, muche gladnes there was amongest the people. Then the duke was highly receiued and his people wel cherished, and then beganne a Parlyament. The kyng of England hearyng that the duke of Albany was landed in Scotlande and was vnfought withall, was not a litle displeased, and suspected that suche as enformed him that the Duke would not passe that yere, had deceiued him, but there was no remedye: Wherfore he made prouisions and put all thynges in a readynes, if he would attempt any thing against him and his realme.

The Duke of Albany Gouernor of Scotland beyng in the Parlia∣ment of the realme, with great eloquence declared to them the loue and fauor that Fraūces the Frenche kyng bare to the realme of Scotland, insomuch that he beyng aduertised of the great murders, slaughters, & burnynges done by the Englishemen, thought that he suffered no lesse hurt and damage then they did, accomptyng him self one of their mem∣bres, and them likewise the membres of him and his realme, and for the reuenging of thesame, he to be partener as their member, & for the more

credite he shewed the Frenche kynges fauorable letter, affirmyng his d••••laracion. When the letters wer red, there start vp a Baron of Scot¦land called the lorde Forbos, whiche sayd: the realme of Scotland for the loue of Fraunce suffereth great paine as daily doeth appere, for our nobles be slain or taken, our cominaltie murdered, our lādes ouerrūne, our houses & fortresses brent & rased, the profites of our owne lādes we lese: which mischief we nede not to haue had, but for the loue of Fraūce, & what helpeth Fraunce? A farre frend is not sone fet? A mightie niegh∣bor may be a cruel enemy. I affirme this, if we would kepe amitie with the realme of England we were out of all these daungers. God forbyd sayd the duke of Albany that Scotland euer should seke a new frende or pro••er their amitie, to the destroyers of their coūtrey and nacion, but you my lordes of Scotlād are sufficient of your selfe to maintain your lādes, libertie, & fredome against your comon enemies thenglishemen. And therfore now let vs together reuenge the hurtes done to vs & our countrey: And I on myne honor shal go with you, and therfore I haue brought with me bothe treasure, men, and artillerie into this realme. I thinke not but we shall so do that all Christendome shall speake of our noble cōquest. To the dukes request all y^e court of Parliament agreed and then wer cōmissions sent through Scotland & cryes made that all men shuld assemble at Doglas dale with vitaile for xxviii. dayes. The Scotes in al hast prepared, so that the lordes wer come to the place ap∣pointed the xviii. day of October, with vitaile, gunnes, & all other ar∣tillerie, and so came by easy iorneys to the riuer of Twede on a ground beside Hume castle, & frō thence came to Cawdestrene & there lodged.

All this doyng the kyng of England knewe well, wherfore with all diligēce he caused to be assembled the people of the North part beyond Trent, whero•• there were .iii.M. beryng cotes of armes w^t their power and strength, whiche al wer cōmaunded to resort to the erle of Surray with spede. The noble Marques Dorset Thomas was appointed to kepe Berwicke with vi.M. men, lest y^e Scottes therto would lay siege.

The duke of Albany whiche lay on the frontiers hearyng of the Erle of Surreyes preparyng▪ sent to him an Herauld promisyng him of his honor to geue him battail, and if he tooke him in battail he would put him to curteous raunsome & his body to be safe: To whom the erle an∣swered, that muche he thanked the duke of his offer, and that he would abide battail, ••msyng him that he would geue him battail if he durst abide: and if that y^e sayd duke were taken prisoner by him or his menne he would strike of his head & send it to the kyng of England his Ma∣ster, and bad that he should trust to none other, at whiche answere the duke of Albany and the Scottes toke great dispite.

The erle of Surray beyng at Alnwyke, to him came therles of Nor∣thumberland and Westmerland, the lorde Clyfford, the lorde Dacres, the lorde Lumley, the lorde Ogle, the lorde Darcy, and many noble Knightes▪ Squiers and yomen, to the nomber of .xl.M. And from the kynges court was sent to be at the batail sir Nicholas Carew Master

of the horse, sir Fraunces Bryan, sir Edwarde Baynton and diuers o∣ther. All this armye laye on the borders abidyng the Scottes cōmyng into Englande, whiche lay styll in Scotland and did nothyng till the last day of October beyng Saterday. The night before the Scottes had sent ouer the water into England .iii. or .iiii.M. men, to lay siege to a lytle castle called y^e Castle of Warke, whiche stādeth nere the border: the great ordinaūce of Scotland sore bet the castle, and Dan Car and the Frenchemen whiche came out of Fraunce with the duke of Albany gaue to the castle a strong assaut: within the castle was sir Williā Lyle with a C. persones, but the Scottes were so many in nomber, that they got the vttermoste warde called the Barnkyns where the beastes and barnes were, whiche seyng, the capitaine sent in all hast to the Erle of Surrey aduertisyng him of their distres, whiche in all hast assembled his capitaines to reskue the castle, therby hopyng that Duke Ihon of Albany would enter into England. The Frenchmen and Scottes lay styll about the castle cōtinually shotyng ordinaunce Sonday & Mon∣day the fyrst and second day of Nouember, and then the Scottes thin∣kyng the place assautable, coragiously set on the castle and by strength entred the second warde. Sir Willyā Lyle perceiuyng that y^e Scottes had gotten the false brayes and that nothing remained but only the in∣ner warde or dōgeon, sayd to his company, sirs for our honor & māhod let vs issue and fight with the proude Scottes and stately Frenchmen, for more shall our honor be to dye in fight, then to be murthered with gunnes, to the whiche his company that were left agreed: for of his .C. men he had lost almost .xl. at the other assautes. Then they issued out boldly and shot coragiously as men that shot for a vauntage, and with shotyng and fightyng they draue their enemies clene out of the place & slew of them and chiefly of the Frenchmen CCC. whiche lay there dead in sight when the Erle came thither, beside suche as dyed of woundes & were drouned. Then the Scottes remoued their ordinaunce, in great hast ouer the water, and by that tyme was the Erle of Surrey come w^t v.M. men on horsbacke & all his great army folowed & was very sory that his enemies were gone, & muche praised sir Willyam Lyle for his valiauntnes.

When the duke of Albany & the lordes of Scotland knew that the erle of Surrey approched with his puissant army, they thought it not conuenient to ieoparde all the nobilitie of Scotlande in one felde, con∣sideryng their chaunce x. yeres before, and therfore they cōcluded to re∣turne, and so on the sayd secōd day of Nouember in the night the duke with all his armye retreated more for his suertie then honor.

The horsemen of Scotland kept the fordes that no mā should passe to greue the fotemen as they returned, and when all the baggages wer gone they cast them selfes in a plumpe and returned.

When the day appeared, then the Englishmen might plainly see the Scottes how they fled fiftie mennes thickenes, many a lusty English∣man

would faine haue folowed them on horsbacke, and so would therle of Surray with all his heart, but his cōmission was only to defend the realme and not to inuade Scotland, whiche thing him sore displeased. Thus brake vp the great army of Scotland to the great rebuke of the duke of Albany & the nobles of Scotland whiche .ii. yere together had made bragges & assembles and durst not abide battaile. The Scottes made much bragges that they had beaten doune the walles of Warke castle, but they spake nothyng of their men that they left there, nor how cowardly they returned & would not abide. After this returne quene Margaret of Scotlād & mother to the yong kyng, sent to her brother the kyng of England for an abstinence of warre to be taken betwene y^• realme of England and Scotland to thentent that some way might be taken, that an amitie might be had betwene them: whiche request to her was graunted, and so the great armye of England was dissolued and the Erle of Surrey returned to the coast.

In this season the Emperor Charles sent to the kyng of Englād .ii. Mules trapped in crimosyn veluet curiously enbrodered,* 15.46 al y^• bukcles, stiroppes & all suche other garnishynges were siluer & gilt of meruai∣lous cōnyng worke. He sēt also .xl. G••nettes ful goodly to behold trap∣ped with russet veluet richely wrought, and .iiii. speres, & .ii. Iauelynes of straunge tymber & worke richely garnished, and .v. brace of greyhoū¦des: and to the quene he sent two Mules with riche trappers and high chayers after the Spanishe fashion, all these presētes wet thankefully receiued both of the kyng and quene.

Now let vs returne to the Duke of Suffolke whiche lay at Cordes or Esqwerdes the .xx. day of September & thither came to him y^• army of Flaunders, wherof was capitaine the lorde of I••il••teyne which had with him of Spaniardes, Almaines, Cleues and other .iii.M. fotemen and .v.C. horsemen well apparelled for the warres in all pointes.

The duke of Suffolke beyng thus furnished passed forward in wete wether makyng bridges & wayes, euer lokyng for battel, & on the .xvii. day of October he sent the lorde Sandes Marshall of his armye, and with him .iii.M. men to a good toune called Anker whiche accompa∣nied with diuers knightes & gentlemen in good order of battail mar∣ched towarde the toune. The Frenchmen perceiuyng the Englishmen cōmyng toward their toune, fled out as fast as they might, and left the toune desolate: then entred the Englishmen and had there a great botie and toke the cas••le called Bone gard▪ and therin put a garrison of En∣glishemen, whereof was capitaine the lorde Leonard Gray brother to the Marques Dorset to conduict vitailers to the armye, whiche nowe was farre from any succours of the Englishe part. In this toune was an abbay of Monkes whiche receiued humbly the lordes and nobles of England, whiche to them did no hurt nor dammage, and then they re∣turned to the duke.

After this, the .xix. day, the Duke with his armye passed to a village

called Qwede: and there, after long coūsailyng it was determined that the whole army should passe to a s••rong toune and wel fortefied called Bray, whiche toune was well ordinaunced and had in it .xvi.C. men of warre, the capitaine therof was called Adrian, and for succours to the toune were come Mounsire Po••tdormy, the Vicount Larnerdam, the Vicount Turraine, Moūsire Applyngcort, & Mounsire Dāpney, with v.C. horsmen, so that in the toune beside the inhabitauntes wer .ii.M. good men. This toune standeth on the riuer of Some .xxiiii. Englishe myle from Arras, and xiiii. myles aboue Amyas: This toune was well diched and strengthned on euery side.

The .xx. day of this moneth the Duke cōmaunded al his great ordi∣naūce to be brought by .iiii. of the clocke in the mornyng before y^• toune of Bray, they that had the charge therof so manfully acquited thē that notwithstādyng all y^e damage that their enemies could do, brought the ordinaunce before the toune at y^• houre appointed. Then eche part shot dredfully at other, but the Englishe gūners shot so wel, that the walles of the toune were beaten doune & rased with the ordinaunce, insomuche that by .ix. of the clocke the toune was made assautable. Then the duke caused to blow to thassaut. Then the Englishmen & Flemynges & Bur¦gonions lept furth quickely, and notwithstandyng that the diches wer depe, yet they so coragiously entered by the good comfort of the lorde Sādes & other noble men that they gat y^• di••hes. The Frenchmen per∣ceiuyng that the toune should be gotten, hastely made traynes of gun∣pouder from strete to strete & house to house, saiyng that the English∣men after their entry into y^e toune would fal to pillage, & then sodainly sodain fyer should destroy them. This was the prouision of the Frēch∣men: by this tyme the Englishmen wer enteryng on the walles, and the Frenchmen stode yet at defence with pikes, cros••owes, handgunnes, & halberdes, but they were to weke, for on all partes entred thenglishmen and sodainly the Frenchmen fledde and the Englishemen folowed and killed and slew in euery part.

Nowe you must vnderstand that this toune of Bray standeth on the riuer of Some whiche is there deuided in diuers braunches & betwene euery braūche is a marishe ground, where on the farside of y^etoune was fortefied a Bulwarke ful of ordinaunce to kepe the passage ouer y^e wa∣ter, & the Frenchmen had losed the plankes of the bridge nere a myle a∣boue Bray, & the horsmen of Fraūce passed by a myle which was to the Frēchfotemen a great ayd, for thei stode & kept the passage til y^e fotemē wer come ouer the bridge, & then they plucked away the plāckes of the bridge, so that nomā shuld folow, but euer thenglishmen folowed & cast plākes on the bridge & passed ouer the bridge, in which passyng diuers wer drouned, but w^t great trauail all men passed, horsmen & fotemen, & fiersly assauted the Bulwarke and toke it with all the ordinaunce, & in it was taken capitaine Adrian and capitaine Ulterlew. The Englishe

horsmen folowed the Frenchmen & diuers of them wer slaine and takē, sir Robert Iernyngham brake a spere on the lorde Pountdormy. The lorde Leonard Gray did valiaūtly that day. You must remember that when the Frenchmen issued out of the toune, they forgatte not to lay a matche to the traine of gunnepouder whiche they had made, whiche in short space set the toune al on fyer, so that when thenglishmen returned again, al was on fyer, so that there they ha•• litle profite but wyne, whi∣che to them did great pleasure. This was the toune of Bray taken and destroyed the xx. day of October.

The duke consideryng that litle succours were for him and his soul∣diers in the toune of Bray because the sayd toune was consumed with fyer, he therfore cōmaunded the bridges to be wel repayred for to passe ouer the great riuer of Some into the realme of Fraūce: and when the passage was sure, the lord Sandes the .xxi. day of October in the mor∣nyng was prest to passe ouer with the vaward. Then some gentlemen sayd that they would passe no farther forward, & diuers souldiers were on thesame opinion. It was asked why they should feare, and they an∣swered that if they were past ouer the riuer▪ they were past all succours and vitail, none could be brought to them. By reason of this noyse the souldiers stayed, whiche y^e lord Sādes perceiuyng, sayd to the Welsh∣men whiche wer euil willyng to passe y^e riuer: sirs sayd he, behold what I do, and with that he toke a banner of sainct George & sayd, as many as loue the kyng of England & be true to him and to the croune, folow me▪ and then he and sir Wylliam Kyngston set forward and passed the water, whiche there tunneth in thre streames, then all other persones coragiously folowed, and the ordinaunce and vitailes.

After the foreward folowed the duke and al his battail: At this tyme the army was sore minished by reason many wer diseased and from the host departed, so the host was not of that strength that it was at the set∣tyng out of Calayce. When thenglishemen were passed, then folowed the Burgonions in good order, and so that night this army came to a toune called Kappe and there encamped theimselfes, all the inhabi∣tauntes were fled bothe out of the toune and Castle: there thenglishe∣men found C. tonne of wyne, & other good pillage. The garrison that lay at Anker knowyng that y^• duke was passed the riuer of Some, ra∣sed the toune & castle, and came & ioyned with y^• dukes army at Kappe.

There the duke caused proclamacions to be made in the armye that all the people of Fraunce that would vitaile the armye of Englande should be well entreated & haue their vitailes well payed for, and safe goyng and cōmyng, by the whiche proclamacion the host was well vi∣tailed, for the people of y^• countrey resorted with all thynges necessarie.

The Duke thus liyng at Cap sent to the toune of Roy to yeld them to the kyng of England. The toune perceiuyng that their power was not able to withstand the great armye of the Duke, assented to deliuer the toune to the Duke. This was a strong toune well walled, dyched

and ordinaunced but not manned, the Duke sent thither sir Richard Cornwall and other with .iiii.C. men to receiue the toune, whiche went thither in good array and had the toune to them deliuered and then they sette the banner of sainct George in the highest part of the toune, and full well this garrison kept the toune of Roy til the duke came thi∣ther with his whole armye.

The Duke & his armye the .xxv. day of the sayd moneth remoued to a village called Lyhome, & had there great pillage: for this toune was muche haunted of marchauntes and there kept great markettes. The next day he remoued to Dauenker, and the ▪xxvii. day he remoued and came before y^• strong toune of Mountdedier, where for defēce of warre lacked neither diches, walles, nor bulwarkes: The horsmen of the En∣glishe army rode about the toune to vew it, at whō the capitaines cau∣sed diuers pieces to be losed whiche shewed well their strength. The duke sent an officer of armes to somon the capitain to deliuer y^e toune: the officer departed, & with him a trumpet whiche blew before the gate, but no person would answere, because they would haue no Sommons made to them: the officer of armes returned and made report. Then the Dukes skyrers made profer afore the toune, out of the whiche issued a great compaignie of horsemen and skyrmished with the Dukes horsemen and fought valiantly, but at the last .xl. of the horsemen were taken, with whiche the lorde Roche Baron capitaine of the toune was sore displeased, yet he thought him able to maintaine the toune against the whole armye. Then the Duke of Suffolke pytched his felde and layd his siege rounde about the toune of Mountdedier and kept good watche and warde on euery side: whiche thyng the lorde Roche Baron perceiuyng comforted his menne of warre and bad them not be afrayd but to be of good corage, and sayd that the Duke there should get ••o∣thyng. When the Duke had thus planted his siege, he considered that he was farre from reskew, and that liyng still and nothyng •• oyng was not profitable, he knewe also by report of the prisoners that in the toune of Moundedier were two thousand footemen, and one thousand horsemen, wherefore he sent for all the lordes and capitaines of his a••∣my and muche praised their hardynes and sayd that the noble corrage that he sawe in theim did muche auaunce him to sette forwarde in all thynges, the praise wherof should be to them and not to him, and ther∣fore nowe he encoraged them againe to continue still in their valiaunt doyng, for with Goddes grace he entended to bend his ordinaunce the next mornyng before the toune, to the whiche all the lordes agreed and praised muche the dukes corage and forwardnes.

Then was sir Willyam Skeuyngton knight, Maister of the ordi∣naunce cōmaunded to prepare for the battery, whiche with all diligēce made trenches, and prepared all thinges mete for the purpose. In this season sir Ihon Walop knight had with him almost a M. proper men and hardy, hauyng litle wages or none whiche liued alonely on their auenture, wherfore of some they were called aduenturers, of some they

were called kreekars. These men wer light, hardy, and politike, and by their manhod and hardines had robbed many tounes, taken many pri∣soners, with great boties, & daily brought to the army Horses, Mares, vitaile, cloth, corne, & other necessaries whiche might not be misled. Of this company the Frenchemen and especially they of villages & passe∣gers wer sore afrayde, for they were neuer idle but doyng some thyng in one part or other. The lorde Pountdormy, or Pountreny hearyng Mountdedyer was besieged, called to him diuers great lordes & capi∣taines to the nomber of .v.C. menne of armes and dimy launces, and a great nomber of fotemen, entendyng to bryng gunnepouder and other necessaries to the toune of Moūtdedier: & as they wer thither cōmyng by night, Thomas Palmer, capitain of the skout watche of thenglishe army them askried and skyrmished with them although they wer more in nomber: manfully fought the Frenchemen, but for all that they were compelled to flee backe, and then Englishmen them ••olowed and slewe diuers, and two speres were broken on the brother of the lorde Pount∣dorny, but by the swyftnes of his horse he saued himselfe, and in this chase were C. prisoners taken whiche muche reioysed the Englishmen.

When the Master of the ordinaunce had all thinges ready, at the houre of .iiii. of the clocke in the mornyng he discharged the ordinaūce continually in suche fashion, that by viii. of the clocke the .xxviii. day of October the walles were made lowe & the toune assautable. All whiche while, the great ordinaunce shot still out of the toune tyll the walles & toune were beaten doune. The capitaine of the toune perceiuyng this, called to him al the capitaines, declaryng to them that their toune was in .iiii. houres made assautable, and that surely the Englishmen would assaute the toune whiche should be to their cōfusion, wherfore he asked their aduise what was best to be done, al thei answered, do as you will: Then he went into a tower & caused a trompet to blowe and set furth a banner of truce. Then the duke cōmaunded the ordinaunce to cease. Then sir Willyā Skeuyngton came to the walles & demaunded what they would, & the lord Roche Baron sayd, that if it pleased the duke for the loue of the kyng of England & his honor, to graūt to him & thother gentlemen that wer there, licence to depart with life, bagge & baggage, thei would deliuer the toune of Mountdedier. Then sir Willyā Ske∣uyngton made report to the duke, whiche therto cōsented, saiyng: they be men of warre, their riches is not great. Then the lorde Sandes and diuers other weee appointed to receiue the toune, & so they entred & set their stādardes on the top of the gates, & toke the keys of all the strong houses, towers, and Bulwarkes. The Frenchemen were readye to de∣part with trussages and cariages, with Crosbowes, Pykes, & Hand∣gunnes, with whiche doyng the lorde Sandes and the Englishemen which wer within the toune wer not cōtent, & sayd that the Frenchmen should passe without weapon: on this point was muche alteraciō and the Frenchemen were stayed, but the lorde Roche Baron gaue many fayre wordes and passed forwarde with a red standard, with a white

crosse before him, that seyng sir Thomas Palmer, ranne to the stādard and plucked it in pieces. Then sayd the Lorde Roche Baron that it was vngently done: To whom he answered that he should beare no standard there like a conqueror. Then after long disputacion the Frenchemen sayd, that it was promised theim that they should haue their weapons and baggage, and so vpon that they were suffered to depart. The fotemen likewise had a standard before them whiche was rent by sir Robert Iernyngham. The nomber whiche departed truely accompted, were two thousand footemen, fiue hundreth horsemen and odde wel and warlike appointed, and they left muche baggage behynd them, because they sawe the Englishemen so fast come into the toune, they were in feare of losse of all.

When the Frenchmen wer departed, the duke with his whole army entred the toune and there the Englishemen founde fine f••the••beddes, napery, coueringes, and muche houshold stuffe, and especially of wyne great plentie, and there the armye tested till the last day of October, and then were all the gates of the toune rased and throwen doune, and all the Bulwarkes likewise. Then the duke caused all the ordinaunce to be taken and so remoued to the toune of Roye, where ••e and all his armye rested for a while: wherof they were glad, for they had trauailed sore, and the wether was wette and colde. On the feast of all sainctes called Alhalon daye, the Duke in the chiefe Churche of R••y made knightes the lorde Harbert, the lorde Powes, Olyuer Manners, Ar∣thur Pole, Richard Sandes, Robert Iernyngham, Robert Sailsbu∣ry, Edmond Benyngfelde, Richard Corbet, Thomas Wentworthe, Wyllyam Storton, Water Mantell, George warran, Edward Sey∣mour after erle of Hartford, and now Duke of Sommerset, and moste worthy Gouernor of the kynges maiesties persone and Protector of al his realmes, dominions and subiectes.

The morowe after, the armye remoued to a place called Neele, there the Burgonions beganne to waxe wery, and so did the Englishe∣men, for euery day was foule wether and raine bothe day and night. Wherfore dyuers companies fell to grudgyng saiyng, nowe you may see that by our remouyng we shall be ledde from place to place all this wynter, whiche is to the vtter losse of our lyues: for dayly we see that of our company dyeth no smal nomber (and trueth it was that some dyed but not many) they sayd farther, the Burgonions haue the great gaine and do lest for it, for they haue wagons and carye their boties to their countrey, whiche is nere hand, and we go before and ••ight, and we haue no meanes to conuey any thing into our coūt••ey for lacke of carryage, and so we bete the bushe and they take the byrdes. This grudge was seassed by gentle wordes for a tyme.

In these iorneys was cōmonly spoken that the duke of Burbon with his .x.M. Almaynes would haue inuaded Fraunce and so ioyned with this army, but y^• truth was cōtrary, for he turned his host another way

and went into prouince and layde siege to Marcelles, wherof the duke b••yng aduertised, not a litle mused, and also seyng his menne daily fall s••cke, was sory, and yet he so comforted theim that euery man was glad to folowe his will and entent.

On the .vi. day of Nouember the lorde Sandes beyng capitaine of the foreward, and the duke of the middle ward, and sir Richard Wyng∣feld capitaine of the rereward came in order of battail prest to fight, to a village called Ueane and there rested for that night, and the morow after the whole army returned againe ouer the water of Some, & came to a place called Beaufford: At this passage the duke made knightes Ihon Dudley, and Robert Utreyght esquiers.

The viii. day y^e duke remoued to a place called Mount sainct Mar∣tyne a very mete place for an armye, and then was the dukes iustruc∣cions loked vpō by the capitaines, and they perceiuyng that they hard nothyng of the duke of Burbons commyng, ayde nor counsail, all they thought and determined to send the lorde Sandes in post to the kyng, to declare all the case as it stode & their necessitie accordyng as he him selfe knew and saw in all pointes: whiche lorde Sandes tooke great paine and made good diligence toward the kyng, and while he was ri∣dyng, the duke remoued his armye to a place called Permount & there lodged for a tyme to rest, and the army was well vitailed, but euer the W••••shemen muttered and grudged more and more.

After the great raynes and wyndes that had fallen, came a feruent frost,* 15.47 so sore that many a souldier dyed for colde, some lost fyngers and some toes, but many lost their nailes of their handes, whiche was to thē a great grefe. The duke all this notwithstandyng remembryng that he came not thither to lye styl, the .xiii. day remoued to a place two myle from the castle of Bowhen and still it frised, insomuche that the master of the Ordinaunce was compelled of necessitie to set the wheles of his ordinaunce on hardels for sinkyng. In the mornyng the Welshemen set out a shout and cryed, home▪ home, the krekers hearyng that, cryed hang, hang. For whiche matter deuision was like to haue fallen, but by policie it was ceased. Sir Edward Gyldfod capitaine of the horsmen vewed the castle of Bowhen or Boghan, whiche euer was thought to be impregnable, but he iudged it might be wonne, for the castle was inuironed with Marryses, so that to no mans iudgement it was possi∣ble to wynne it: But nowe he perceiued that the frost was so great and strong that it might be beseaged, & all that night it fresed againe: wher∣fore he desired the Duke to geue him leaue to assaute it whiche thereto agreed. Then he caused the ordinaūce to be set furth ouer the marrish. When they within the castle perceiued that the marrishe fayled theim, they were sore dismayed. Then sir Edward Guildeford shot thre great pieces at the castle, and the castilian shot thre pieces againe. Then as the Englishe gunners wer preparing to the battery, the capitain seyng his castle could not hold, by reason that the ma••ishe failed, and that he

could defende none assault, deliuer the castle to him to the behofe of the Emperor and the kyng of England, and after a small communicacion had betwene the sayd sir Edwarde Guyldforde and the capitaine, the capitaine with all his retinue departed leuyng behynd the ordinaunce of bombardes, curtawes, & deiny curtaux, slinges, canons, volgers, and other ordinaunce, there were lxxvi. pieces, plentie of pellettes & pouder. The duke of Suffolke perceiuyng that this castle stode on the border of Henaude: Wherfore the more to please the Henawers he made capi∣taine of thesame castle of Boghan the Seneshal of Henaude, to the be∣hofe of the Emperor and the kyng of England. In this place the army was euil vitailed, because the Frenchemen had stopped the water of Some, that no vitaile should passe ouer the riuer: wherfore the Duke sent to them of Henaude & specially to theim of Ualencien to haue ayde of vitaile, which of their litle sent to the army a litle, but yet it did them some seruice, and all this while the feruent frost with bitter windes cō∣tinued, which caused many people to dye: yet still lay the army abidyng the answer of the lord Sandes, whiche as you haue heard rode in post & somuche trauailed that he came to the king of England to his castle of Wyndsore and there declared to the kyng his message, whiche was that his people which wer in the Frenche ground abode muche misery, for the wether was wet, the wayes depe, long nightes and short dayes, great iorneys and litle vitaile, which caused the souldiers daily to dye. Also they trusted when they passed the seas accordyng to their instruc∣cions to haue had ayde of the Duke of Burbon (of whom sith their de∣partyng they neuer heard worde) wherfore the Duke of Suffolke and other nobles of your army haue sēt me to your highnes to declare their state and condicion, their good will to tary, & the euil chaunces whiche daily happeneth to them by God and not by their enemies. Well sayd the kyng all this we knewe before your cōmyng: wherfore we haue ap∣pointed the lorde Mountioy with .vi.M. men to passe the seas for the relefe of our army, whiche lorde Mountioy is almost in a redynes: For we will in nowise that the army shall breake.

Then the kyng came to Westminster to the Cardinals place & there receiued letters from the duke of Suffolke by sir Robert Iernyngham of the gettyng of the castle of Boghan or Bowen: wherfore incōtinent it was by the kyng and his counsail determined that the lord Moūioy should make spede, whiche did suche diligence that many of his soul∣diers were come to Lōdon wel harnissed and weponed redy to passe the seas. Wherfore the kyng sent in all hast sir Robert Iernyngham again to declare to the duke the kinges pleasure and what ayde was cōmyng towarde him. But or sir Robert Iernyngham could come to the duke the armye was remoued from Bohan and brent the toune, and so came to the citie of Ualencine in Henaude, & there layde vp their ordinaunce and from thence came to the citie of Turnay (whiche then was vnder

the Emperor and out of the Frenche kynges handes) and so toke their iornay homewarde thorow Flaunders and the army there broken and dispatched. But when the duke mette with sir Robert Iernyngham at Bridges in Flaunders and knewe the kynges mynde and entent, he did what he might to retreate the souldiers, which could not be, for ma∣ny Englishemen shipped at Andwarpe, and many at Sluyes, and at Newport and other hauens, and they that were at Calayce were steyed for a tyme, but when the Duke sawe that he could not bryng all his army together scacely the .iiii. part, he then licensed the remnaunt to de∣part. Of this breakyngvp of the armye were letters sent to the kyng, whiche incontinent stopped the lorde Mountioy and sent his men into the countrey againe. The Duke and other capitaines hearyng of the Kynges displeasure, were sore abashed, and did write to their frendes that they had perfite knowlege that the Duke of Burbon had broken vppe his campe for the extremitie of the Wynter, and also shewed that their souldiers dyed, and vita••l failid, whiche caused them to breake the army, for of trueth the souldiers would not abide: with whiche reasons the kyng was somewhat appeased and so on good hope the duke came to Calayce the .xii. day of December, & there abode long, till their fren∣des had sued to the kyng for their returne. And when it was graunted and that they were returned, the Duke and the capitaines came not to the kynges presence in a long season, to their great heauynes and dis∣pleasure: But at the last all thinges were taken in good part and they well receiued and in great loue, fauor, and familiaritie with the kyng.

Whyle the Duke of Suffolke was in Fraunce and the Erle of Surrey on the Marches of Scotland, the Cardinall sent out cōmissi∣ons in the moneth of October through the realme, that euery man that was worth .xl. l. should pay the whole subsidie before graunted out of hand & before the dayes of payment. This payment was called an An∣ticipacion,* 15.48 which is to say a thing taken or a thing cōmyng before his tyme or season: This terme was new to y^• commaltie, but thei payd wel for their learnyng, for their money was paied out of hand w^tout delay.

The kyng this yere kept his Christmas solempnely at his castle of Wyndsore and thither came to him the third day of Ianuarye the erle Pountiuer of the royal bloud of Brytaigne and pretēdyng to be duke of the same, whiche was nere cosyn to the duke of Burbon & bannished Fraunce. This erle came hastely from the duke of Burbon & was well entertained and feasted of the kyng, and after answere made to him by the kyng, he went to the Cardinal to Hampton court, and so with great spede returned to the sayd duke into the countrey of Prouince.

In the same season was brought to the court a gentleman of Scot∣land called Andrew Stewart taken on the sea with diuers letters by one Water Iago a yoman of the kynges, with diuers letters from the duke of Albany to the Frenche kyng, by reason wherof the kyng knew

muche of their counsail. This gentleman payed raunsome and was very sone redemed.

The .xix. day of Ianuary vi. fayre shippes of Fraunce well appoin∣ted, mette with a shippe of the kynges of England called the Kateryne Galley a shippe of .xl. tonne, the capitain wherof was one Ihon Mari∣ner, with a small company, for many of his company were a land: But he so encoraged his menne that all feare was sette aside, and euer as the Frenchemen approched, they bet theim of with arrowes pykes, & figh∣tyng, & styll this continued frō .iiii. of the clocke in the mornyng till .ix. of the clocke, & euer on the cost of Englād, and the Englishmen did the best they could to saue themselfes: For by that tyme she had spent her pouder, arrowes with shotyng, & her bylles with hewyng, & her pykes with kepyng them of from cōmyng aborde, and al the company almost sore hurte, and the capitaine wounded to the death, so that they had no other remedy but to sayle. This chace was perceiued by one called ca∣pitain Markam, capitain of the barke of Sandwyche, whiche māfully called his men together out of Sandwyche hauen & with good wynde came to reskue the Kateryne Galley. The .vi. shippes perceiuyng that, left their chace & made with the Barke of Sandwyche. The capitaine coragiously comforted his men and made the quarters of his ship de∣fensable. The Frenchmen sette on fiersly, and their toppes were higher then the toppe of the Englishe ship. Out went the ordinaunce, quarels and dartes of the Frenche shippes: the Englishmen shot fiersly againe and when the Frenchemen profered to enter, the Englishmen bet them of with bylles. The Frenchemen at last with a great gunne bet doune the toppe of the barke & slewe the men in thesame, and lastly they strake doune his Mast. This conflict continued from .x. of the clocke tyll two at after noone. Then he could make no shift, but to saile: and euer the Englishmen shot arrowes, & while thenglishmen had any arrowes the Frenchemen durst not enter: But when their arrowes were spent, the Frenchemen came aborde all at ones & entred the barke. In this fight were slaine of Frenchmen out of hand .xxvii. and .lxxx. sore hurt, and of the Englishe were slaine .xxiii. What should I say, the Englishemen fought valiauntly, but they were to weake for .vi. tall shippes. Wher∣fore they were taken and brought to Depe for a prise, but the French∣men sayd they neuer bought prise so dere. After this Ihon Maryner capitaine of the Kateryne galey dyed, and many Frenchemen that wer hurt dyed at Depe, so that neither part wanne greatly.

In the last moneth called December were taken certain traytors in the citie of Couentry,* 15.49 one called Fraunces Philippe scholemaster to the kynges Henxmen, and one Christopher Pykeryng clerke of y^• Larder, and one Antony Maynuile gentleman, which by the persuasion of the sayd Fraunces Philip, entended to haue taken the kynges treasure of his subsidie as the Collectors of thesame came towarde London, and then to haue araised men and taken the castle of Kylingworth, and then

to haue made battaile against the kyng: wherfore the sayd Fraunces, Christopher and Anthony wer hanged, drawen, and quartered at Ty∣borne the xi. day of Februarye, the residue that were taken, were sent to the citie of Couentry and there wer executed. One of the kynges Henx∣men called Dygby which was one of the conspirators fled the realme, and after had his pardon.

The .xvii. day of Ianuary ther was a Fayer or market at the toune of Marguyson in the Frenche kynges dominions beside Calayce, and for defence of the people and their marchaundise, there were appointed CC. men in harnes wel weaponed: The souldiers of Guysnes hearyng of this, departed in the night & came nere to the toune of Marguyson and closly kept themselfes tyll the Market was fayre & at the best, then the Englishmen whiche wer .lxx. archers and bylles, set sodainly on the Market, that seyng the Frenchemen stode manfully at their defence w^t handgunnes and pykes, but the Englishmen shotte so wholy together that they draue the Frenchmen out of the toune, and would for succors haue taken the Churche, but the Englishemen were betwene theim and the Churche, so that they had none other remedye but to flee and many Frenchemen were slaine. Capitain Ihon de Pound, and capitain Ihō de Babage and diuers other were taken prisoners, and diuers mar∣chauntes that were there to sell their goodes were also taken, and all their goodes brought in Frenchemennes wagons to Guysnes and no Englishman slaine but diuers were sore hurt.

The fyrst day of Februay the valiant knight sir Robert Iernynghā and with him fifty demylaūces of the garrison of Calayce skoured the countrey to Odirsaell & there toke a C. hedde of beastes, by that doyng an ask••y rose through the countrey, wherby the Frenchemen gathered together to the nomber of .xii. score, and or sir Robert and his company came to Houndyngbrige they were beset round about, so that of neces∣sitie they must fight, the Frenchmen set on with hādgunnes, crosbowes and pykes, and for a while there was a strong encountre, but the Eng∣lishmen as m••nne desperate (because of the nomber) fought so fiersly that they caused the Frenchmen to geue backe and slewe many of them and toke .xiii. prisoners, & in the chace they toke vii. more whiche made vp .xxi. Then the sayd sir Robert returned with his botie and prisoners and lost noman, but almoste all were hurt.

The .x. day of Marche the kyng hauyng a newe harnes made of his own deuise and fashion, sucheas no armorer before that tyme had seen, thought to assaye thesame at the tilte, and appointed a Iustes to serue him. On fote were appointed the lorde Marques Dorset and the Erle of Surrey, the kyng came to the one ende of the tylt, and the Duke of Suffolke to the other: then a gentleman sayd to the Duke, sir the kyng is come to the tyltes ende.* 15.50 I see him not sayd the Duke on my fayth, for my head piece taketh frō me my sight: with these wordes God knoweth by what chaunce, the kyng had his spere deliuered him by the lorde

Marques, the vi••er of his headpece beyng vp and not doune nor fas••e∣ned, so that his face was clene naked. Then the gentleman sayd to the duke, sir the king commeth, then the duke set forward and charged his spere, and the kyng likewise vnaduisedly set toward y^e duke: the people perceiuyng the kynges face bare, cryed hold, hold, the duke neither saw nor heard, and whether the kyng remembred that his viser was vp or no few could tell: Alas what sorow was it to the people when they saw the spleters of the dukes spere strike on the kynges hedpiece: For of a suertie the duke strake the kyng on the brow right vnder the de••ēce of y^• hedpece on the verye coyffe s••u••l or bas••enetpece wherevnto the barbet for power and defence is charneld, to whiche coyffe or bassenet neuer ar∣morer taketh hede, for it is euermore couered with the viser, barbet and volant pece, and so that pece is so defended that it forseth of no charge: But when y^• spere on that place lighted, it was great ieopardy of death insomuche that the face was bare, for the Dukes spere brake all to shy∣uers, and bare the kynges viser or barbet so farre backe by the countre buffe that all the kynges headpece was full of spleters. The Armorers for this matter were muche blamed, and so was the lorde Marques for the deliueryng of the spere when his face was open, but the kyng sayd that none was to blame but himself, for he entended to haue sayed him selfe and his sight. The duke incontinently vnarmed him, and came to the kyng, shewyng him the closenes of his sight, & sware that he would neuer runne against the kyng more: But if the kyng had been a lytle hurt, the kynges seruauntes would haue put the Duke in ieopardy.

Then the kyng called his Armorers and put all his peces together and then toke a spere and ranne vi. courses very well, by the whiche all men might perceiue that he had no hurt, whiche was great ioy and comfort to all his subiectes there present.

In the ende of Februarye foure Frenche shippes chased the Fysher botes of Rye to the verye shore, and when the fludde was gone, would haue taken the botes and came a land with pikes, but the fishers threw stones, and one archer shotte and slewe a Frencheman whiche helde vp a basket and bad shote Englisheman shote, and the Englisheman shot through the basket and slewe him, and so they saued their botes, and when the fludde came, the Frenchemen sette vp their sailes, and as they were passyng, the Englishemen of warre mette with theim and tooke two of the sayd shippes, and the other two fled.

In this yere the kyng sent the lorde Morlay sir Wyllyam Hosy knight and doctor Lee his Almoner to Done Ferdinando archduke of Austrice and brother to the Emperour Charles with the order of the Garter whiche in the toune of Norryngberge receiued the same, where then were all the princes of Germanye assembled at a counsel or Dyet, against the bishop of Rome, against whom the Germaynes put a C. greues.

The xiii. day of Aprill one Capitain Breerton one of the capitaines of the auenturers at Guysnes with .xvi. tall men came to village cal∣led Waste and there toke a bootie of beastes, by whiche takyng an as∣kry rose, and by chaunce certain of the garrison of Bulleyn were then abrode and by the cry of the people came where the Englishemen were, the Frenchemen wer CC. horsemen and with great cryes enuiro••ed the Englishemen about, so that the Englishemen could make no defence. Then capitain Brearton called to the capitain of the Frenchemen and sayd, sir I am a gētleman & this enterprice was myne, I haue brought these good felowes to this ieopardy, wherfore we yelde vs al prisoners to you, and so they deliuered their weapons, the capitain was a gentle∣man and gently them receiued, then to the menne of warre drewe all the pe••santz or chorles of the coūtrey nye hand to the nomber of vii. or viii. score, whiche desired to bye y^• Englishmen that wer takē, the Frenchmen were content and toke money, then the Englishmen were deliuered to the vplandishe people, and the men of warre rode away.

When the menne of warre were departed the rybaudes with pykes, iauelyns,* 15.51 and knyues, fell on the Englishemen whiche had no weapon and them slewe all xvii. and cutte theim in pieces the moste shamefully that euer was sene.

When knowlege hereof was brought to the capitain of Guisnes sir Ihon Gage, he sent for the auenturers willyng theim to reuenge their capitaines death. So all the aduenturers the xiiii. day gathered toge∣ther to the nomber of .xl. archers and pykes, and by good guide the next day in the mornyng they came to the same village of Wast & there toke xxxvii. prisoners and moste part were at the murder of Brearton and his company,* 15.52 and of the xxxvii. they slew xxxvi. and so they left one and caried him with them, but or they departed they set the toune on fyer and spared nothyng, their ire was so great: the menne of warre of Fraunce costed the Englishmen, but they would not medle with them in that rage.

When they came to Guysnes they sware the Frencheman that was left on liue to declare their message to the capitaine of Bullein, whiche was that after that day they would saue neither man, woman nor child that came to their handes for the great crueltie that the peysantz had done to capitaine Brearton and his company, with whiche message the Frenchmen were discontent & sayd that the villaynes deserued to haue vengeaunce for their crueltie.

In this yere through bookes of Emphimerydes and Pronosticaci∣ons made and calculate by Astronomers, the people were sore affrayde for the sayd writers declared that this yere should be suche Eclipses in watery signes, and suche coniunctions that by waters & fluddes many people should perishe, Insomuche that many persones vitailed them selfes and went to high groundes for feare of drounyng, and specially

one Bolton which was Prior of saint Bartholomewes in Smythfeld builded him an house vpō Harow of the hill, only for feare of this flud,* 15.53 and thether he went & made prouision for all thinges necessarye within him, for the space of two monethes: But the faythfull people put their trust and confidence onely in God. And this raine was by the wryters pronosticate to be in February, wherfore when it began to raine in Fe∣bruary the people wer muche afrayd, & some sayd now it beginneth, but many wisemen whiche thought that the worlde could not be drouned againe, contrary to Goddes promise, put their trust in him onely, but because thei thought that some great raines might fall by enclinacions of the starres, and that water milles might stande styll and not grinde, they prouided for meale, and yet God be thanked there was not a fairer season in many yeres, & at the last the Astronomers for their excuse sayd that in their computacion they had mistaken and miscounted in their nomber an hundreth yeres.

The Emperor charles whiche also was enemy to the Frenche kyng, seyng the great army that the kyng of England his confederate had in Fraunce, thought it was to him honorable to make warre also on that part of Fraūce that ioyneth to Spain, & in especially he imagined how to recouer the toune of Fountraby, whiche the Frenchemen before that tyme had gotten: wherfore he assembled a great puissaunce and made capitain the lorde Barnardine de Belasco Constable of Castyle, which with great diligence came before the toune of Fountraby whiche was strongly fortefied and the capitain therof was a Naueroys: but when the capitaine and his compaigny sawe the toune besieged with suche a puissaunce, and also that the sea was so narowly kept that they could not haue vitail nor succour, they determined to geue vp the toune: but yet the capitaine of a high stomacke shotte out his ordinaunce and sent his trompet to the capitain of the Spanyardes to know what priso∣ners he had of his, and for the communicacion thereof he desired absti∣nence of warre tyl he had communed with the counsail of the Spanish host, whiche to him was graunted. Then was communicacion for fiue dayes and nothyng ended, for the Spanyardes were haute on the one syde, and the Frenchemen proude on the other syde, but on the vi. day it was concluded that the toune should be deliuered with ordinaunce and artillery and all the men of war to depart with bagge & baggage and so the xxvii. day of February was y^e toune of Fountraby brought againe to the handes of the Emperor, & he that was capitain of Foun∣traby was afterwarde restored to his landes in Nauer by the Emperor and became his man.

The bishop of Rome called Pope Clement seyng the great warres that were this yere on all parties and in especial betwene the Emperor

& the kyng of England on the one partie against Fraunces the Frēche kyng and his alyes, sent an archebishop of the realme of Naples fyrst to the Frenche kyng, and after to the Emperor, whiche declared to the Frenche kyng the manyfolde mischiefes that ryse by warre, the great stroke of vengeaunce that God will strike for vniust warre & specially for the death of innocentes and effusion of christen bloud, and shewed farther that the sayd Frenche kyng made daily warre on the Emperor and the kyng of England without cause, but onely because he himselfe would do no right to them nor to their subiectes.

The Frenche kyng after counsail taken answered, my lorde Legate we assure you that we make no warre, but warre is made on vs, and we stande at the defence, notwithstandyng our right is kept from vs both the duchy of Myllain and realme of Naples by the Emperor and the vsurped duke, to the whiche we haue good title, and the kyng of Eng∣land warreth on vs without cause, notwithstāding that we haue geuen him and many lordes o•• his coūsail diuers fayre pencions, not because we be afrayde of him, but because we would haue his loue and amitie, and when we perceiued that he toke part with the Emperor our mortal enemy, we withdrewe our pencions as with right we might, & now with all his power he would conquere our good will, whiche is against rea∣son, and we clayme nothing of him. Well sayd the ambassador, I will speake fyrst with the Emperor and after with the kyng of England, & then I will declare to you their rightes and demaundes, with whiche the Frenche kyng semed to be content.

Then the sayd ambassadour tooke his leaue and in post came to the Emperor in Spaine, & there exhorted him to peace with many goodly reasons, affirmyng that the warre was vniust and without reasonable cause made on the Frenche kyng as the sayd kyng affirmed. Then the Emperor like a noble prince answered, that the warres were neuer of his beginnyng: For the Frenche kyng or he wyst had taken the toune of Fountraby, and also had sent an army to cōquere the realme of Na∣uer••e, & not with this contented, reteyned the Swyches whiche be the Emperors subiectes and caused them to be enemies to thempyre, and he also withhelde the duchy of haut Burgoyne, and the countie of Ar∣thoys with diuers other countreys and seignories belongyng to him: Wherfore his quarel was alway iust, and because the college of Rome should perceiue the whole cause of his warres, he deliuered to the sayd ambassador a seedule, with whiche he departed, refusyng all giftes whiche the Emperor offered him, and came again to the Frenche kyng and rehersed to him all the Emperors saiyng, but the French kyng him selfe highly excused and sayd that he might not lese that that his prede∣cessors left him, and so the bishop of Romes ambassador toke his leaue and came into England.

After this Legate was departed frō the Emperors court, there came thither an Ambassador from Portyngale, whiche highly behaued him selfe, and when he came to the Emperors speche, he proudly sayd:* 15.54 Sir you that are the greatest prince of Christendome ought aboue all men to do iustice and right, and to do wrong to no man, and where it is well knowen that by the labor, studye, and learnyng in Cosmography and Astronomy of vs only Portyngales, the trade to the parties of Inde or Indias were fyrst sought and found, and the fyrst labor in that behalf was ours and the great innumerable riches whiche was spent for the searchyng and findyng of thesame, was employed & spent by the kyng of Portyngale and his progenitors, by whiche trauail we haue wonne straung lādes, wherby all Christendome is greatly enriched w^t Iuels, stones, and perles and other straung commodities. How can it then be thought iust or righteous that any other persone should take from vs that cōmoditie that we haue so derely bought? Yet moste puissant lorde and mightie Emperor, your subiectes daily trauail thither and wrong fully take away our gayne, whiche neuer labored nor toke pain for the findyng or serching of thesame, wherfore of iustice you must cōmaunde your subiectes not alonely to leue their trade thitherwarde, but also to make to vs Portyngales a sufficient recompence for the harmes that we haue susteined.

When the Ambassador had sayd,* 15.55 after a lytle deliberacion the Em∣peror answered. The very pouertie of your countrey of Portyngale is suche, that of your selfes you be not able to liue, wherfore of necessitie you were driuen to seke liuyng, for landes of princes you were not able to purchase, and lande of lordes you were not able to conquere. Wher∣fore on the sea you were compelled to seke that whiche was not found: And where you say that you haue found lādes, I say those landes foūd you by shipwrekes of the sea beyng cast thereon before you thought of any suche ground, & so sought farther for succours in necessitie, yet they say not that you haue them wōne, but they haue wōne you. And where you would that our subiectes should not repare thither, we ascertaine you that no man shall prohibite our subictes to saile where thei lyst for their auauntage. For our subiectes may be warned no place by them w^t whom I haue peace and amitie: for he is mine enemy and no frend that letteth my libertie: Well sayd the Ambassador, and we wil let your sub∣iectes to passe thither. Nay sayd the Emperor, we wil not trye so farre, for I am able to disturbe your doynges nerer hand. But for a suertie you Portyngales be enemies to all Christendome, for to the Indyans you cary nothyng but coyne, whiche is hurt to all countreys, wher∣fore at this tyme you may depart, till you be better aduised. After this answere geuen to the Portyngales, they offered great summes of money to the Emperor to leaue his trade into the Indyans, but he therto in nowyse would agree.

The .xvi. yere.

IN the beginnyng of this xvi. yere the kyng lay at his ma∣ner of Newhall in Essex, and there kept the feast of sainct George & hearyng that the bishop of Romes Ambassador was commyng into England remoued to his Manor of Grenewyche where the sayd Archbishop and legate came to him & was highly entertained, which declared wisely and eloquently the message & entent of his master, whiche was to make a peace and cō∣cord betwene y^• princes of Christendome, & especially betwene the Em∣peror, the kyng of Englād & the Frenche kyng, & for that cause he had been with the Emperor & also with the French kyng, whiche as he sayd affirmed that without cause the kyng of England made on him warre, consideryng that he to thentent to haue y^• more amitie & fauor of you & your nobles hath liberally geuen to you & theim honorable pencions, whiche by no dutie as he affirmeth you can nor may clayme, but of his beniuolence and bountie. Also he sayeth that you clayme his croune, realme, and possessions, whiche toucheth him highly, and of yours he claymeth nothyng, and therfore he thynketh of right you ought not to make him warre. Wherfore may it please your highnes to tell me your mynde and I shall it declare to the whole court of Rome God willyng and forget nothyng.

Then the kyng called to him his coūsail & after diuers cōsultacions had, the Ambassador was sent for, & there was shewed to him many re∣cordes, prouyng the kyng of England to be inheritor to the realme of Fraūce by bloud & also so cōfirmed by diuers Charters in the tyme of kyng Charles the vii. And as cōcernyng y^e pencion, to him was shewed diuers Charters, that it was no Pencion of frendship but due rent for the duches of Normādy & Guyan and the coūtreys of Aniew & Maine whiche are the kyng of Englandes very enheritaunce. Farthermore there wer shewed to him diuers bondes of the sayd French kynges for the payment for the citie of Turnay & other duties whiche he ought to the kyng of England, all whiche articles to fulfyll, the Frenche kyng hath oftentymes been required by Ambassadors, & yet he euer dissēbled & would not conforme himselfe to reason: of all these thinges wer notes written & deliuered to the bishop of Romes ambassador, which toke his leue of the kyng & returned in post accompanied but with .iii. persones. By reason of y^• cōmyng of this Ambassador men hoped y^• peace should ensue, but it succeded not this yere: for the third day of May the garri∣son of Bullein with diuers other in the moste secrete wise that could be came to a place within the Englishe pale called Sentricas & sodainly strake vp a drōme or drounslade: the people hearyng this in the night wer sore abashed, some fled naked & some clothed, the moste part fled to the Churche, and the Frenchemen them folowed & toke ..xxi. prisoners

and then set fyer on the Churche: By this tyme was all the pale raised whiche thyng the Frenchemen perceiuyng left their botie and returned in all hast with their prisoners to Bullein.

In this season the lordes of Flaunders lay at the siege before Tyr∣wyn and were likely to haue taken it by famyne, whereof the Frenche kyng beyng aduertised assembled an armye of .xxii.M. horsemen and fotemen vnder the conduicte of the Duke of Uandosme and the lorde Pountdormy, and the Frenche kyng himselfe came doune to Amyas and there caused it to be noysed that he would besege the toune of Ualencyen in Henaude, where the Duke of Suffolke the last yere had left the kyng of Englandes ordinaunce. The kyng of England hea∣ryng of this, sayd, that if the Frenche kyng beseged Ualencyen, he in person would go thither for to reskue his ordinaunce. The lorde Fy∣nes and other lordes of Fl••unders whiche lay before Tyrwyn with ix.M. menne were aduertised of the Frenche armye, but because of the fame that the host shuld go to Ualencyen, they sent for nomore succors.

When the Frenchemen had all thynges ready, they lefte the waye to Ualencyen and tooke the way directly to Tyrwyn. When the lordes of Flaunders perceiued that they were sore abashed & then they knewe that they were disceiued, and that they were not able to abyde the pu∣issaunce of the Frenche army. Wherefore they raysed their siege, & put thēselfes in order of battail on y^e Southest side of Tyrwyn: the French armye passed forward the vi. day of May towarde Tyrwyn and made no semblaunce to fight: Howbeit some of theim skyrmished with the horsemen of Flaunders, but they at the last entered the toune, whervn∣to they were welcome, and the lordes of Flaunders departed sore dis∣pleased but there was no remedy. Then ranne a brute that the Frenche army would lay sege to Guysnes: wherfore the kyng caused men & all other thynges to be put in a readynes for the spedye reskue thereof if it had so chaunsed. But the Frenchemen toke a better aduice.

In this moneth of May sir Robert Iernyngham capitain of New∣nam bridge cōmuned with Christopher Coo, a capitaine of diuers En∣glishe shippes that kept the sea, whiche then was in Calayce hauen for vitaile and sayd, capitain Coo you know how the Bulleners haue vi∣sited nere to Calayce the Englishe pale and haue burned Sentrycas. If you will promise to set many of your menne a lande at the hauen of Bullein the .xix. day of Maye, I with as many as I can furnishe will mete with you there in basse Bulleine at the tyme and houre betwene vs appointed, to the whiche the sayd Christopher agreed and faithful∣ly promised, and so prepared accordyngly euerye thyng necessarye and so sayled towarde Bulleyn, sir Robert Iernyngham sent worde of this enterprise to sir Willyam Fitzwillyam capitaine of Guysnes to know if he would ayde any part toward this iorney, whiche sent worde that he would be at thesame auenture himselfe: then all the gentlemen desired him to be capitaine of that enterprise, whiche he thākefully and

weth heart receiued: then all the men of warre and the aduenturers and the Bayly Marke assembled together, so that when all were come to∣gether they wer .CCC. horsemen, and of the coūtrey and Marke .iii.C. and of the auenturers .C.lx. and so one and other they were vii.C. men. All these persones mette at an houre appointed at Sandyngfelde: the night was short so that it was day or they came nere Bullein all set in good order of battail, but thei were askried before they came nere Bul∣lein, and so it chaunsed that Christopher Coo with his shippes whiche had winde at will was come with his .iiii. shippes before Bullein som∣what before day, the Bulleners that kept the watche him espied, & then he manned his boates and with men and ordinaunce stretched toward the land, by that tyme was all basse Bullein in harnes ready to defend the Englishmen from londyng, but capitaine Coo did what he might, and almost all the people of Basse Bullein wer on the shore, that seyng the garrison made them ready and bent their ordinaunce. Sir Willyā Fitzwillyam hearyng the gunnes toward the hauenside knew wel that Cristopher Coo was in his busines, and so encoraged euery man to do well and marched forwarde w^t asmuche spede as might be, insomuche that all the Englishemen were on the hylles before Bullein in sondry plumpes, then i••••ued out the horsmen of Bullein betwene the castle and Cardons tower, the light horsmen of the Englishe part theim encoun∣tred, there was a good fight, the Frenchemen shotte with Crosbowes, and the Englishemen with long bowes, and the great ordinaunce shot terri••ly, the Englishemen approched the toune walles, this skyrmishe was ••••erse & euer the archers ayded the horsemen. Whyle the horsemen were thus skyrmishyng, the viii. score auenturers whiche were hardy & valiaunt men cast themselfes about & came to basse Bullein, and there they were hardely receiued of the Frenchmen, yet notwithstādyng they lost their barriers and the Englishmen entred, there was shotyng on al sides and a strong fight. The Frenchmen cried Bullein, and thenglish∣men sainct George Calayce: but at the last the Frenchmen were driuen backe and many slaine, & xliiii. taken prisoners, and so they returned to their capitaine sir Willyam Fitzwillyam. All this while was Christo∣pher Coo on lond on the sea cost and bet y^e Frenchmen vp to the toune, and when the tide turned he with all his came againe in safetie to their shippes. The Englishe horsemen after long fightyng tooke thre of the Frenchemen of armes and the other reculed to the toune. By this tyme by reason of the Alarme was all the countrey of Pycardye raysed and muche people resorted to Bullein on all sydes, whiche doyng sir Willyam Fitzwillyam wisely perceiuyng, by the sound of a trumpette brought all his menne together in a plumpe, and then sent them hither and thither to fette his driftes of beastes that were nere in the countrey on euery side, whiche was quickely done, for the aduenturers brought Oxen, Kyne, Horses, and many other pillages, and brent the granges

and villages, and so mette together, and with their botie returned in sauetie.

The tewesdaie folowyng, beyng the laste daie of Maie, sir Willyam Fitz Willyam, with a .C. and fiftie horsemen, and the auenturers, and a hundred other persones mo, came to a place called Samer de Boys, the saied capitain wisely considered, that in that place the Frenchemen had diuerse tymes lurked, and taken at auantage the Englishmen, wherfore he laied his horsemen, and his archers on horsebacke in a woodde, in a waite if the Frenchemen folowed the stale: then he sent furth the auentu∣rers, whiche passed farther then y^• capitain would that thei should haue doen, and sodainly thei were askried: then on came the Frenchemen, the auenturers sware, that thei would not flee, but bent theimselfes to defēd their enemies, whiche wer .iii.C. horsemen. The Frenchmen knewe well their hardines, but yet thei called theim Crakers, whiche by missoun∣dyng, was commonly called Krekers, for a suretie these men wer hardy, and full of pollicie, and very far••e would ieoperd, the Frenchemen sent aboute a valey .i.C. of the best horsemen, and .ii.C. footemen, then wer•• the Krekers betwene twoo bendes of the Frenchmen: sir Willyam Fitz Willyā, beyng assured of the conduite of the Frenchemen, muche doub∣ted the chaunce of the auenturers, wherefore in greate hast sent for his stale of horsemen, that he had left couered: and the Frenchmen that wer before the Krekers, came and set on very fast, in hope of their horsemen, that wer gone about an hill in the valey. The Englishemen theim vali∣antly defended, then as the horsemen had compassed the hill, the auentu∣rers wer come on a plain: then the horsemen that wer come to sir Williā Fitz Willyam, set on the French horsemen, there was a hard and a ferce encounter, for the Frenchmen fought sore, but at length thei fled, and in the chace wer taken .lvi. horsmen, and .xliiii. slain one and other, & many Englishemen sore hurte and diuerse slain, thus the Krekers scaped a narowe hasarde.

In thesame season on the second daie of Maie, sir Thomas Palmer one of the Capitaines of the frontiers, was ridyng to his frende, master Ierome of Burgon, capitain of Turnahan, and with hym .xx. Englishe men on light horse, and as he roade, he sodainly espied .xxx. horsemen, of the garrison of Tirwyn and Bullein, thei were nere together or the En∣glishemen espied theim: then there was no remedy, but to encounter, sir Thomas Palmer wel comforted his compaignie, and then the Frenche men set on with great force, and truly thei fought long, without one ha∣uyng any auauntage of the other, but at last the Frenchemen began to faint, and alitle to withdrawe themselfes, that perceiuyng the Englishe men, set to them coragiously, and so thei slewe three out of hande, and .vi men of armes taken prisoners, and eight dimy lances, with whiche pri∣soners the Englishemen returned to Guysnes, and kepte not their pur∣pose to Turnahan, for all were hurte or wounded.

In Iune, sir Willyam Fitz Willyam, capitain of Guysnes, sir Ihon

Walop, and sir Ihon Gage, secretly called to them .ix.C. men of warre suche as thei trusted, and on Midsomer day, passed the lowe countrey of Picardy, vnto the castle of Hardynghā, or Rigsam and thei caried with them but one pece of ordinaunce called a Curtall, this gonne thei bente against the Castle, whiche was well furnished with harnes, ordinaunce, and all other artilerie, and thynges nedefull, and the capitain also was a valiant and hardie gentleman. The Englishemen euer shot that pece and remoued it from place to place with greate pain, and in conclusion made a batery of the walles, so that thei might assault it, then the trom∣pet blewe to assault, and the capitain with his compaignie stoode at de∣fence: then sir Ihon Wallop, and sir Ihon Gage with the auenturers or krekers entred the diche, and the archers shot at euery loupe arrowes and the Frenchemen likewise shot quarelles: the Englishmen set vp la∣ders to the walles, but the Frenchemen threwe thē doune, at this assault was slain a gentleman called Butler, and .xv. other Englishmen, but for all that, the assaulte was not lefte, for some clymed by pikes, and some a∣mended the ladders, and cried again to the assault: but sir William Fitz William chief capitain of this enterprise, perceiued that thei lacked en∣gynes and other thynges, ••or the spedy assault of the castle, and not wil∣lyng to lose his men without cause, caused them to staye, while he and o∣ther capitaines counsailed together, and as thei were concluded once a∣gain to attempt the assault, thei hard newes that twoo thousande horse men, and twoo thousande footemen, wer at hande to fight with thē, thei then perceiuyng that .ix.C. men beyng wery, wer no power to encounter with foure thousande Frenchemen, thei in good ordre returned to the Englishe fortresses.

Monsire de Bees Capiiain of Bullein, well considered all the enter∣prices, that the Englishmen had doen in Picardy and Fraunce, now of late: he determined to requite theim, to his honor and fame, and for that purpose, sent for the erle of Dammartyne, the lorde Pontremie, and the lorde Chastillion, whiche concluded, to entre into the Englishe pale, and to shewe themselfes before Calice. Wherefore thei assembled all the men of armes and souldiers, of the garrisons aboute, and so thei wer .viii.C. good horsemen, and with pikes, gonnes, and crossebowes .viii.C. foote∣men: and when all this compaignie was assembled, Monsire de Bees as capitain of this iorney, with the other lordes, the fourthe daie of August with banner displaied, came toward Calice in the euenyng: and the next daie in the mornyng by sixe of the Clocke, thei came to a village within the Englishe pale, called Bonynges. Then the Alarme rose through all the Englishe pale, and so came to Calice. These lordes of Fraunce sente out their foreriders, to serche and ouer se the coūtrey, and then thei laied an embushement of .iii.C. horsemen, at thesaid toune of Bonynges, and with that bend abode Monsire Pontremie, and Monsire de Bees rode to Kalkewell with .iiiC. horsemen, and there taried with them, the erle of Dammartine with .iii.C. freshe horsemen, and all the footemen with bā∣ner

displaied, roade and forraged all the Countrey, of whiche three hun∣dred speres, thei let one .C. go at large, and kept the residue with them.

When the Alarme came to Calice, euery man made to horse and har∣nes. Then sir Robert Iernyngham with .lxxx. horsemen with all spede, rode out of Calice to behold the compaignie of the Frenchemen. And he sent furth his light horsemen, whiche met with the skourers of the Frēch men, and because the Frenchemen semed a fewe in nombre, the Englishe for••riders profered toward them, whiche fled towarde Sandiffeld, and the Englishemen chased after, not beeyng of knowlege of the ••mbushe∣mentes, that laye at Bonynges and Kalkewell.

When sir Robert Iernyngham sawe his light horsemen chace, he fo∣lowed after softly, to kepe his horse in brethe. Then sodainly the French men that were in chace returned, for some of their aide was nere theim. When the Englishemen whiche passed not .xvi. horse, sawe the Frenche∣men returne, thei encountered with theim manfully, but to the Frenche∣men came still mo and mo, so that the Englishemen were constrained to flie another waie, to the hye lande in greate ieoperdy, for the Frenchmen them pursued, but by the helpe of the light geldynges, the Englishemen gat the sea side, or sea sandes beyond Skales: then wer the Englishmen glad and returned, and fought with the Frenchmen hande to hande, for the Frenchemen behynde folowed not the chace, but onely twentie horse men, and with pure fightyng the Englishemen toke one of the Frenche horsemen, and came with hym to Calice, and so wer saued.

When sir Robert Iernyngham sawe his men in chace (as you haue hard) and sawe that thei wer in great ieoperdy, he auaunsed for their re∣scue all that he might, whiche was the sauyng of the light horsemen, for the Frenhemen lefte theim, to encounter with sir Robert Iernyngham, and so it was that he went so farre forward, that the Frenchemen were betwene hym and Calice. And when he sawe al the bendes, and embush∣mentes breake out, he said to his compaignie: sers, sainct George to bo∣rowe, lette these Frenche galantes knowe what wee Englishemen bee: Sir saied his compaignie, thei shall bye vs dere. Then he marched to∣warde the high lande: Then approched a greate nombre of horsemen of Fraunce, the Englishemen theim valiauntly receiued, and manfully defended, but euer the Frēchmen came freshe and freshe, so that the En∣glishemen beyng wery, and oppressed with multitude, were faine to flie: and in this chace was taken Thomas Cheiney an Archer, whose horse was tiered, and two other archers on horsbacke, one called George Kar and the other Rowlande Atkynson, and thre other of the Englishe pale, sir Robert and the remnaunt, saued themselfes the best that thei could.

When sir Robert was returned, the Frenchemen souned their trom∣pet, and re••uled to Bullein, and sent woorde to Calice, that thei would visite thē oftener. Sir Robert Iernyngham remembryng this chaunce, thought to be reuenged of thesame, & so aduisyng hymself, to what place he should repare, he remembred that whensoeuer the Englishmen made

any iorney to Margyson, the Frenchemen would flie ouer the water or creke▪ to a high ground by boates, and there as it wer in an island, saue thēselfes, because on that side thei might euer haue succors, for the creke or water, is beyond the toune from Calice. Therfore thesaied sir Robert caused fiue greate boates to bee caried in wagons, and so he with other capitaines, of Calice and Guysnes, to the nombre of .iii.C. fotemen with the Krekers▪ & .lx. horsemen the .xii. daie of August, with banners displa∣yed, toke their waie to the toune of Margison, and in the night the light horsemen gaue Alarme to the toune of Bullein, and toke two souldiers prisoners, and brought with theim certain cattaill to their compaignie. Then thenglishemen marched forward, toward Margyson, that seyng the Frenchemen, toke their boates in trust of the water, and passed ouer, the Englishemen perceiued that, and lanched their Boates, and so like auenturers entered, and by force passed▪ and so mo and mo, till .C.lx. wer passed ouer: the countrey began to gather, so that the Frenchemen were thre hundred, whiche fought with the Englishmen, and would haue let∣ted the boates to land, but the archers on the other side draue thē backe, and the Englishemen slewe at the first encounter .lx. men, and toke fortie prisoners, yet the Frenchemen that fled met with newe succors, and then began a newe battail, and the Frenchmen fought hardely, but at thende thei fled, the moste porest of the people, on the other side of the water, fled to the Churche, and abode at their defence, then was there fire set in the church, then the Frenchemen lept out of the churche, to their destruccion, for of three hundred there was saued but sixtie on liue.

The whole power of Bullein was come doune, nere to the place: but when thei perceiued that it was to late, and that the Englishemen were returned thei came no farther. This was sir Robert Iarnyngham euen with the Frenchemen, and brought a good botie, and many prisoners to Calice, whiche sore greued the capitain of Bullein.

The Frenchemen perceiuyng, that thei gat litle at the Englishemen∣nes handes, thought to take their auauntage of the Flemmynges, wher fore thei assembled of the garrisons, of Bullein and Tirwyn, v.C. fote∣men, and three hundred horsemen, and so in good ordre marched toward sainct Omers, and thei sent to go aforragyng .i.C. footmen, and as ma∣ny horsemen, and the rest kepte themselfes in a stale. These Frenchemen came by Arkus, nigh to sainct Omers, and forraged al the countrey, the Alarme sprang all the countrey to Turnahan, the capitain of Turnahā sent woorde to sir Willyam Fitzwillyan, Capitain of Guysnes, that the Frenchemen were abrode, whiche made answere, that if the Frenchemen came nere to hym, surely he would speke with them, with whiche answer the capitain of Turnahan beyng encoraged, sent furth .CC. Flēmynges on foote, stil the Frenchemen marched toward Turnahā, the Flemmyn∣ges that wer sent from Turnahan, marched toward the waie, where the Frenchemen should come, thynkyng that when the capitain of Guysnes had set on them, that then thei would haue lien in the chace at the receipt

Thesaied capitain of Guisnes valiantly marched forward, with a .C horsemen, and .iiii.C. footemen, entendyng to mete with the Frenchmen, and sodainly as he was passyng forward, worde was brought hym that the erle of Damarten, with the garrisons of Mustrel and Abuile, to the nomber of .vi.C. horsemen, were commyng forward towarde Guysnes. This hearyng sir Willyam Fitzwillyam, sware that the erle should not take pain to come to Guisnes, for he would mete him on the way: by this meane he left his first enterprice, & marched toward therle of Damartin

The Frenchemen of Tirwyn, beyng therof aduertised by a spy, called all the people together, and with their botie came on forwarde towarde Turnahan, and sodainly thei askried the poore Flemynges, whiche wer sent out of the castle of Turnahan, and when thei perceiued the French men, commyng toward thē, thei turned their backes, and fled like shepe: the Frenchemen folowed apace, and slewe the moste parte of theim, for fewe escaped.

The capitain of Guysnes came to a faire grene, fiue myle from Guis∣nes, and there in good ordre of battaill, taried for the Erles commyng, whiche hearyng that the capitain of Guysnes, was redy to receiue hym, made his returne backeward, without any thyng doyng: when the capi∣tain knewe the truthe of the erles returne, he then with all hast, sped hym to mete with the Frenchemen, that were commyng to Turnahan, and in the meane waie, he hard tidynges of the chaunce of the Flemynges, and how the Frenchmen wer re••uled toward Tirwyn, whiche auenture sore hym displeased, but there was no remedy, wherfore he returned to Guis∣nes again, very sory that the Frenchemen, went awaie vnfought with∣all: The Frenchemen litle medled after this tyme, wherefore let vs now returne, and shewe what warres wer kept on the frontiers, betwene En∣glande and Scotlande, in this ceason.

The .xxi. daie of Maie beyng Trinite Sondaie, v.C. Scottes in the mornyng by seuerall fordes, entered into Englande, and laye couertly by the high waie, to distresse merchauntes and merket men, that should passe to Berwike, that daie to the faire: for euery Trinite Sondaie, ther is kepte a greate faire, whiche the Scottes knewe well, and as thei laye thus lurkyng, thei robbed many merchauntes, and toke riche prisoners, but at the last thei wer perceiued, then the Alarme rose, and people begā to gather, the Scottes drewe together toward Branxston, & thenglish∣men theim assailed, whiche so manfully theim defended, that if the yong lorde of Fulbery, had not come with one .C. light horsmen, the Scottes had gone awaie with their botie, but then began a sore fight, many were hurt on bothe sides, and some slain, and at the last the Scottes fled, and in the chace there were twoo hundred Scottes taken prisoners, and the residue fled and saued themselfes.

After this the .v. daie of Iuly, sir Ihon a Fenwicke, Leonard Mus∣graue, and bastard Heron, and diuerse other, gathered together .ix.C. mē and entred into Scotland, in the countrey called the Marche, & robbed

and spoyled all the countrey, and by chaunce thesame season, the Scot∣tes had assembled twoo thousande men, to inuade Englande, and none of these knewe of other, till thei by auenture met together. Then began a strong medley, for the Scottes fought valiauntly a greate while, and the Englishemen them hardeli assailed, and at the last by fine force, cau∣sed theim to leaue the grounde and flie, and in the flight wer taken .CC. Scottes, and many slain, of the whiche prisoners diuerse wer gentlemē sir Raufe of Fanwicke, Leonard Musgraue, and bastarde Heron, with xxx. other Englishemen wel horssed, folowed so farre the chace, that thei were paste rescues of their compaignie, whiche perceiuyng the Scottes sodainly returned, and sette on the Englishemen, whiche oppressed with multitude, were sone ouercome, and there was taken sir Raufe a Fan∣wicke, Leonard Musgraue, and sixe other, and bastarde Heron, and se∣uen other slain, the remnant by chaunce eskaped: the other Englishmen with their twoo hundred prysoners, returned sauely into Englande: the slaying of the Bastard Heron, was more pleasure to the Scottes, then the takyng of the two hundred was displeasure, thei hated hym so.

The .vii. daie of Iuly, the lorde Maxwell of Scotlande, and sir Ale∣xander Iorden, with banners displayed, and Scottes to the nombre of foure thousande, entered into Englande at the West Marches by Car∣leile, and began to burne on euery side: then the Englishemen assembled on euery side, and so thei were in nombre .ii.M. men, and fiercely set on the Scottes, there was a greate fighte, for the space of an houre, at the last the Englishemen brake the arraie of the Scottes, and them discom∣fited, and toke .CCC. Scottes prisoners, the Englishemen that had ta∣ken prisoners, went awaie with their prisoners: For sir Alexander Ior∣den and his sonne and diuerse other were taken prisoners, and by their departyng, the compaignie of the Englishemen was muche minished. The lorde Maxwell beyng a politique man, perceiued that, & sodainly called his people together, and them encoraged, and began a newe skir∣mishe, and recouered al the prisoners almost, and toke diuerse Englishe men prisoners, this was the chaunce of warre.

After this iorney, in the Courte of Parliament of Scotlande, was muche commonyng of the warres, whiche were betwene Englande and Scotlande: some of the nobles saied, that Fraunce neuer did so muche good to Scotlande in .xx. yeres, as Scotlande had lost by Englande, ī one yere, for y^• loue & cause of Fraūce: wherfore they thought it cōueni∣ētto make a perpetuall league of amitie, with y^• kyng of Englande, and to leaue the Frenche kynges parte. Other nobles whiche had pencions in Fraunce, declared the olde amitie betwene Fraunce and Scotlande, and how the Frenche kyng, brought vp many gentlemen of Scotlande in his Courte, geuyng theim greate liuynges, whiche the kyng of En∣glande would not do: thei also alleged the franches, and priuileges that the Scottes haue in Fraūce, and specially thei shewed, that if the kyng of Scottes should breake with Fraunce, & then if it happened the kyng

of Englande, to inuade Scotlande, whiche beeyng without aide of any frend, might well by the power of Englande be conquered. After many long reasons it was thought expedient, to sue to the kyng of Englande for a truce, whiche was doen, & a truce graunted til. S. Andrewes daie.

This yere the first day of September, was docter Thomas Hanibal Master of the Rolles, receiued into London, with erles, and bishoppes, and diuerse other nobles and gentlemen,* 15.56 as Ambassador from Clement bishop of Rome, whiche brought with hym a rose of gold, for a token to the kyng: the people as he passed▪ thought to haue seen the Rose, but it was not shewed, till he came to the kyng to Wynsore, on the daie of the Natiuitie of our Lady, on whiche daie, after a solempne Masse song by the Cardinall of Yorke, thesaid present was deliuered to the kyng, whi∣che was a tree forged of fine golde, and wrought with branches, leaues and flowers, resemblyng Roses: this tree was set in a pot of gold, which pot had thre fete of antike fashion: the pot was of measure halfe a pinte, in the vppermost Rose, was a faire Saphier loupe perced, the bignes of an Acorne, the tree was of height halfe an Englishe yard, and in bredth it was a foote. Thesaied Ambassador in deliueryng thesame rose, made an oracion, declaryng the good mynd, loue, and fauor, that the bishop of Rome bare to the kyng, in token whereof he sent hym that present, whi∣che the kyng thankefully receiued, and deliuered it to hym again, and so he bare it open before the kyng, from the College to the greate chamber, and there deliuered it to the Master of the Iuell house, and so there en∣ded his Legacion.

Befor this tyme in the moneth of Iuly, Lorde Archebalde Douglas erle of Anguishe, whiche had maried the Quene of Scottes, sister to the kyng of Englande, and was sent into Fraunce by the Duke of Albany, and there kepte, contrary to his will and pleasure, and from thence har∣dely escaped, and came to the kyng of England, to his maner of Grene∣wiche, and there besought hym of his aide & comfort, to whom the kyng made a gentle answere. This Erle was not in the fauor of his wife the Quene of Scottes, wherefore she caused hym to bee sent into Fraunce: some saied that she loued the duke of Albany, better then hym, but what soeuer the matter was, she wrote to the Frenche kyng, that if therle euer came again into Scotlande, that the Frenche kyng should haue no ple∣sure in Scotlande, that she might let, so that the erle beyng in Fraunce, was in ieoperdie of his life. Wherfore secretly he fled and came into En¦glande, as you haue hard, and one daie at the Castle of Wynsore he de∣clared, that in the counsaill of Fraunce, when he was there, thei happe∣ned in communicacion, to talke of y^• warres that were then, betwene the Emperor and the Frenche king, and betwene the kyng of England and the Frenche kyng: there was a Lorde of the counsaill, that stode vp and saied, it were better that one persone suffered, rather then all the Realme should bee daily in this mischief. Then was it asked, what he meante by that one persone, he answered, that if the Frenche Quene, whiche was

lame and vgly were dedde, that then waies might bee founde, that the Frenche kyng should mary themperors sister, and to haue with her the Duchy of Millain, and then with the money of her mariage, the kyng of England should be paied, and so a peace might be concluded: to this no answere was made, but whether this were true or false, for a truthe the Frēche quene was ded the .xxvi. daie of Iuly, & was buried at .s. De••ise

The duke of Burbon this Sommer, made sharpe warre on the Frē∣che kynges dominions, and did high enterprises: wherefore the kyng of Englande sent his letters, to diuerse lordes and gentlemen in this seasō the tenor whereof ensueth. Trustie. &c. For asmuche as (our Lorde God be thanked) our armie, vnder the leadyng of our cosyn the duke of Bur∣bon, hath not onely entered the realme of Fraunce, gainyng and attay∣nyng many tounes, citees, Castles, and places, with the whole countrey of Prouince, without any resistence, of our auncient enemie the Frenche kyng, but also goeth daily marchyng, and continually dooth chace, and driue before them suche men of warre, as our said enemie hath prepared for his defence, in resistence of our cosyn the Duke of Burbon, and oure saied armie. In suche wise that it is thought vndoubtedly, now to bee moste conuenient tyme and season, either in our persone (although the yere be somewhat past) or by a leuetenaunt, with a puissant armie to in∣uade Fraunce, on the other side, bothe for the recoueryng of the Croune and to compell our saied enemie, to knowlege his obstinate, wilfull, and cronious demeanure, wherfore we will and commaunde you, to be redy with suche power as you be able to make, vpon the next Proclamacion to be made, dated the tenth daie of September.

After whiche letters sent furthe, euery man made preparacion accor∣dyngly, and the people murmured and saied, that it were muche better, that the kyng should maintein his warres, with his awne subiectes, and spende his treasure on them, then to trust the Duke of Burbon, beyng a straungier to spende his money.

The kyng beyng at Wynsore, to hym came sir Anthony Fitz Herbert one of the Iustices of the Cōmon place, a man of excellent lernyng in the lawe, as appereth by his workes, sir Raufe Egerton knight, doctor Dē∣ton Deane of Lichfeld, which in the beginnyng of this yere, wer sent as Commissioners into Irelande, whiche so wisely endeuored theimselfes, that thei reformed many iniuries doen in the countrey, and brought di∣uerse of the wilde Irishe, by faire meanes to a submission, and made by the Kynges aucthoritie, the Erle of Kildare deputie of the lande, before whom the greate Oneele bare the sworde: and the Lorde Piers Butler, called Erle of Ormound, whiche was deputie of Irelande, was by the∣saied Commissioners, made high threasorer of Irelande. And when thei had set all thynges in good ordre, in the moneth of September thei toke shippyng, and in thesame monethe came to the kyng, whiche gaue theim his hartie thankes, for their good doynges.

In this monethe the kyng sent Master Ihon Magnus Priest, and

Roger Ratcliffe Esquier into Scotlande, for the suretie of his nephew the kyng of Scottes, for diuerse lordes of Scotland, wrote to the kyng that thei doubted the suretie of their kyng, because the duke of Albany, whiche was heire apparant to the realme of Scotlande, had the kyng in gouernaunce, & also thei thought, he beyng a Frencheman borne, should not rule their realme: wherefore thei emongest thēselfes, murmured sore in this matter. The Duke hearyng, that the Lordes of Scotlande, had written to the kyng of Englande, and also that thei repined and grud∣ged at his doynges, sodainly with all the threasure that he could make, departed from Scotlande, and sailed into Fraunce, with whiche depar∣tyng the commons were nothyng sory, and sone after his departyng, the Ambassador of Englande, were ioyously receiued into Scotlande, and there thesaied Ambassadors taried, till Marche twelue monethe▪ in whi∣che tyme, there wer many conclusions driuen, betwene the two realmes: now let vs returne to Fraunce.

The .xxiiii. daie of September, thre horsemen of the garrison of Bul∣lein, whiche wel knewe the hauen of Calice, came at a nepe tide, and pas∣sed ouer Calice hauen, by Rise banke in the night, and went behynd the Est Wyndmill, and then tooke lande, and went to a litle village called Middilwaie, and passed the Turne Pikes, and entered into a Whelers house, and tooke the man and the wife, and .xx.l. in money sterlyng, and went a waie clere without askrie of perceiuyng of the watche of Calice, and no manne wist where thei were become, till the Trompet of Bullein brought worde, and demaunded the ransome.

The laste daie of September, fiftie light horsemen of Calice, apper∣teignyng to sir Rober Iernyngham, rode towarde Bullein, and passed the water of Margysō, and came to the water of Sclakes nere Bullein where sodainly thei encountered .lx. Frenchmen, of the garrison of Bul∣lein, there was shotyng with long bowes and crosebowes, on euery side strong was the fight, but at the last the Frenchemen fled, the Englishe∣men folowed, and toke thre light horsemen, and when thei perceiued the Alarme on euery side, thei put themselfes in arraie, and with their botie came to Calice.

Thesame daie sir Thomas Palmer, with .lx. horsemen of Guysnes, encountered with the capitain Bertram, leader of the horsemen of therle Dammartyn, with .lx. horsemen, there was a strong fight twoo howers together, but in the ende the Frenchemen fled, and the Englishemen fo∣lowed, and toke .xviii. prisoners, and .xvi. good horse, and with this bo∣t••e thei returned to Guysnes.

In this busie season, the auenturers hearyng what the horsemen, on their parties had doen▪ and inespeciall perceiuyng that thenglishe horse∣men had taken good prisoners, commoned emongest theimselfes, what was to be doen, then one of their capitaines said openly: sirs you se how long wee haue been here, and wages we haue none, our liuyng riseth on the gain of our enemies, and sithe our beginnyng, wee haue had good

chaunce in all our enterprises, God bee thanked: now the Wynter dra∣weth nere, let vs now auenture to get some good botie▪ to make vs mery with, in the cold wether, and if you will, we shall enterprise a thyng, that I truste to vs shalbee profitable. Then all the compaignie cried turthe turth. Then with a banner of sainct George, thei marched toward a vil∣lage, liyng toward Mustrell, hauyng onely .xxv. light horsemen, to bee their skou••e••s, and thei wer not fully two hundred men. This compai∣gnie folowyng their skourers, went farre on, and had gotten a faire bo∣tie, of Oxen, Kyne, and other beastiall, and wer nere at their returne, and by chaunce thesame daie, was the erle of Dammartyn, and the capitain of Mustrell, with the power of the Duke of Uandosme, goyng toward sainct Omers, to burne and destroy that countrey, and for that purpose thei had gathered together .xv.C. horsmen, and .viii.C. footmen, howbe∣it the footemen wer a large mile behynd the horsemen.

The Frenchmen on horsebacke, espied the Englishe horsmen, whiche perceiuyng the greate nombre fled, and as thesaid Frenchmen marched forward, thei espied the auenturers on foote, & made toward them: then∣glishemen seyng the greate nombre of the horsemen, studied to get some hedge, or strong place to fortifie theim, but there was no suche place in sight, and also thei had no suche tyme so to doo, wherefore the Capitain saied: Good felowes and brethren, wee haue of long tyme been called a∣uenturers, now is the tyme come of our auenture, the Frenchemen will not raūsome vs for nothyng, we be emongest thē so feared: if any thyng saue our liues, it must be God and our hardines, and therefore saied he, if you se me begyn to flie, slaie me out of hande. Then euery manne cried God mercie, and kneled donne and kissed the yearth, and strake handes eche with other, in token not to departe, and then made theimselfes prest to the defence.

The Frenchmen came on, on euery side, thenglishmen shot their arro∣wes, and defended them aswel as thei could: the Frenchmen perceiuyng that the Englishemen, kept thēselfes so close, caused diuerse of the horse men to light a fote, and so thei did, and fought with their speres against the pikes, and shotte with Crosebowes on euery side. Alas the while, for while the Englishemen had arrowes to shote, thei were not broken, but close without perill, but when their arrowes wer spent, the Englishmen fought valiauntly, and slewe many Frenchemen that lighted on foote, but in the conclusion the horsemen entered, and killed them al in maner because there were so many of their compaignie s••ain, and tooke fewe of them prisoners.* 15.57 This was thend of these compaignions, called the kre∣kers or auenturers, whiche wer as hardie men, as euer serued prince or capitain.

The Duke of Burbon, with the Marques of Picardy, in the moneth of October, with a greate puyssaunce, laied siege to the strong toune of Marcell in Prouince, and laye there a greate space. The Frenche kyng reised a greate armie, and sware that he would reise the siege, whereof

hearyng the Duke of Burbon, sent for the Marques of Piscare, and his other capitains, and declared to them that his intēt was, to geue the Frenche Kyng battaill: the Marques of Piscare saied that the Frenche kynges puyssaunce was greate, and theirs small, and said: although the duke of Burbon, whiche was a banished man from his countrey, had no other remeady to reuenge hym, but by battaill, yet he saied he would not put al the Emperors men, of the whiche he had the guyde, in suche a ha∣sard till the remnant of the Emperours power wer come. Well saied the duke of Burbon, then you do not as you haue written, bothe to the Em∣peror and to the kyng of England, whiche shalbe a reproche to your ho∣nor: Naie saied the Marques, I will kepe me from reproche. Then said docter Richard Pace, Ambassador for the kyng of Englande: my lorde you haue had the Kyng my Masters wages, I would bee glad to heare what waie you would take: I woll tell you said the Marques, the Frēch kyng hath a great armie gone into Italy, & he hymself foloweth with a∣nother, not to come to fight with vs. I dare assure you: but onely to take the Duchie of Millain vnprouided, whiche shall do hym more pleasure then he had slain all vs. Also the Emperor shall lese, more then .x. Mar∣celes be worthe, and the Frenche kynges power shalbe more elated, that he will not set by the Emperor, nor the kyng of Englande. Therfore my aduise is, to breake vp this siege, and with all spede to preuēt hym in I∣taly, and if we bee entered the tounes, and put municions in thesame, he shall lye a colde in the feldes, and then you shall se what shall become of hym, when his beastes dye, and his vitaill spent. To this counsaill the duke and all the Capitaines agreed, and so brake vp the siege, and with all hast departed into Italy, and fortified all the tounes in the Duchie of Millain, with men and other necessaries.

The Frenche kyng hearyng of this, with all his armie passed the Mountaignes, and Camped nere to Millain. It chaunced in this mo∣nethe of Nouember the .xiii. daie, aboute the toune of Calice, there fell a great mist, in whiche mist the Frenchmen came to a village called Kause beside Newnā bridge, & tooke .xl. beastes, then the Alarme was brought to Calice, whiche hearyng the Marshall of Calice, called to hym sir Ro∣bert Iernyngham, and thei had with them .i.C.xx. horsemen, and sent sir Anthony Broune to tell the capitain of Guysnes, what thei intended to do, but thei ••aried not for the compaignie of Guynes, but marched so far forward, that thei came to the water of Sclaukes, whiche is nere Bul∣lein, and there thei sette their stale. And in the mornyng betyme, thei sent furth a gentleman called Richard Lamberd, with .xx. light horsemen on swifte geldynges, and thei came by Moone light nere Bullein, and then thei sawe the men of Bullein and other there about, put out there be••tes into the feld. Then the Englishemen with greate diligence, brought all the beastes together, and so began to driue theim together, toward their embushement. Then the Alarme began at Bullein, and the men of warr issued out of the toune, and fought with thenglishemen, their horses wer

freshe: wherfore thei had a great auantage, but incōclusion three French menne were slain, and their horses taken, and so the light horsemen came with their cattaill, nere to the embushement, and the Frenchemen folo∣wed, that seyng the Englishemen that kept the stale, came in all hast and rescued their light horsemen, and draue the Frenchemen backe, and then made returne with their beastes, and as thei were returnyng, thei had worde brought to them, how that sir Willyam Fitzwillyam, capitain of Guysnes with his retinue, were besiegyng a pile called the castle of Ca∣pell, wherfore thei sped them thether in all hast, and when thei wer come thether, the capitain of Guysnes theim hartely welcomed, and then thei concluded to geue an assault to the Castle, and so with good courage set on, the Frenchemen defended it very valiantly a greate while, but at the laste the Englishmen gat ouer the diches, and scaled the walles, but the Frenchemen still them defended, till the Englishemen had gotten to the highest of the dongion, and then was there slaiyng a pace▪ For there wer liii. persones slain out of hande, in reuengyng the greate obstinacie of the Frenchemen, and the castle was rased and brent. Then sir Willyam Fitzwillyam with his botie, and sir Ihon Wallop Marshall of Calice and sir Ihon Iernyngham returned, he to Guysnes, and thei to Calice. Thesame daie .xiiii. Burgonions, and .xiiii. Spaniardes, all horsemen of Guysnes, came to the Churche of Falske, not farre from Durnam at high Masse tyme, and there drewe their swordes, and so muche did, that all the men in the churche, to the nomber of fiftie, yelded theimselfes pri∣soners, of the whiche nomber thei toke eight persones with them, whiche should be gages for the remnant, & with these .viii. thei came to Guisnes

The .xix. daie of December wer receiued into London, lorde Gilbert Keuet Erle of Castelles, sir Robert Cockeburne bishop of Dunkel, and the Abbot of Campskenell, Ambassadors from Iames the fifth kyng of Scottes, by the bishop of Lyncolne, the lorde of sainct Ihones, and di∣uerse other noble men, and wer conueighed to their lodgynges at Tay∣lers Haule.

The .xxiii. daie of December, thesaied Ambassadors wer conueighed to Grenewiche, accompaignied with thesaied lordes by water, a••d when thei came to the vtter gate, thei wer receiued of the officers of the house, and so passed through the haule, which was well furnished with people, and so through the vttermost chamber, into the greate chamber of pre∣sence, where thei wer receiued and welcomed, of al the prīces and nobles of the realme, and within a short space the kyng came furth, and set hym self in a throne of three steppes high, vnder his Clothe of estate, whiche was veri rich, but his apparell was excedīg riche, both of goldsmithes worke & perle, and stone, which the Scottes wel auised, & then thei wise∣ly and humbly made their obeisance, and the bishop in good plain latin made a solempne Oracion, in the whiche he declared, that although the realme of Scotland and he, had often times hard the renoune and fame of hym and his Courte, bothe for the giftes of grace and nature, whiche

wer in his persone, yet he saied that his princely countenance, his loue∣ly fauor, whiche he hymself did se, did muche surmount the fame & name, whiche he hath hard of reporte. He declared further, that although for∣tune had hym fauored, in conqueryng of regions, and vanquishyng of battailes, yet that thyng was not so honorable to hym, nor profitable to his realme, as was a good peace, whiche pleaseth bothe God and man, and for that cause he shewed, that kyng Iames the fifth his nephew, and felowe to the kyng of Englande, had sent them his Ambassadors, to en∣treate a peace, so that a cōuenient mariage might be made, betwene hym and the lady Mary, daughter to the kyng, whiche should be a lincke ne∣cessary, to knit together the realme of Scotlande and England, in per∣petuall loue and amitie.

To whiche Oracion, the bishop of London docter Tunstal answered and saied: that the kyng was at their desire, content to haue peace vpon reasonable condicions, and as touchy••g mariage of his daughter, he would so answere theim, that thei should bee contented. Then the kyng rose from his place and welcomed theim, and all the honest persones of the train, and after communicacion had, thei tooke their leaue for that tyme, and so toke their barge and came to London.

Before the feast of Christmas, the lorde Leonard Grey, and the lorde Ihon Grey, brethrē to the Marques Dorcet, sir George Cobham sonne to the lorde Cobham, Willyam Cary, sir Ihon Dudley, Thomas Wi∣at, Frances Pointz, Frances Sidney, sir Anthony Broune, sir Edward Seimour, Oliuer Manners, Perciuall Harte, Sebastian Nudigate, and Thomas Calen Esquires of the Kynges housholde, enterprised a chalenge of feactes of armes, against the feast of Christmas, wherefore thei sent Wyndsore herault, on sainct Th••mas daie before Christmas, into the Quenes great chamber, the kyng beyng present, whiche herault had a coate of armes of red silke, beaten with a goodly Castle, of foure Turrettes siluer, and in euery turret a faire lady, standyng gorgiously appareled: the herault after that the Trumpet had blowen, saied, where the kyng our souereigne Lorde, of his bountifull goodnes, hath geuen to foure maidens of his Court, the castle of Loyaltie, to dispose at their pleasure, thesaied maidens haue geuen the custodie therof, to a capitain and fiftene gentlemen with hym, whiche capitain sent furthe me his He∣rault called Chasteau Blanche, to declare to all kynges and princes, and other gentlemen of noble corage, that thesaied capitain will nere to his Castle ••aise a Mount, on whiche shall stande an Unicorne, supportyng foure faire shildes.

The firste shilde shalbe White, and whosoeuer toucheth that shelde shalbe answered sixe courses at the Tilt, by them of the Castle, with ho∣styng harnes and double peces.

The second shilde, Red, betokenyng the Turnay, and whosoeuer tou∣cheth that shild, shalbe answered tenne strokes at the Turnay, with the sworde, edge and poynt abated.

The third shild yelow, signifiyng the Barriers, and he that toucheth that shilde shalbee answered twelue strokes at the Barriers, with the sworde, edge and poynt abated.

The fourth shilde blewe, betokenyng the assaulte, with suche wepons as the capitain of the Castle shal occupie, that is, Morrice pike, sworde, target, the poynt and edge abated.

Also thesaied capitain and his compaignie promise, to defend thesaid Castle against all commers, beeyng gentlemen of name and armes, and the assaulters to deuise, all maner of engynes for the assaultyng, edge tole to breake the house and ground, onely except, and also that no other weapon shalbe vsed, but suche as the patron shalbe sette vp, by thesaied Unicorne, and that no manne medle with fire within or without, but the matches for gonnes, and euery prisoner taken on either partie, to paye for his raunsom .iiii yardes of right satten, & euery capitain .xiii▪ yardes.

Accordyng to this Proclamacion was the Mounte, and all thynges deuised sumpteously, with a greate craggy braunche, on whiche wer hā∣ged the shildes of the armes of the capitain, and all other of the Castle. For this enterprise there was set vp, in the Tilte yard at Grenewiche a castle square euery waie .xx. foote, and fiftie foote on heigh, very strong and of great timber, well fastened with yron, the embatelinentes, loupes and euery place where men should entre, wer set with greate rolles, and turned assone as thei wer touched, so that to semyng no man could entre the towers, nor embatilmentes. On the North and Southe sides, were twoo greate diches .xv. foote depe, from the brynke to the botome, & thei were very stepe, and betwene the diche and Castle, was set a pale, whiche was rampaired with yearth so stepe and thicke, that it was not likely to be gotten. On these diches were twoo drawe bridges, on the Weste side was a greate rampire or banke, very stepe without and within, and like to a vamure of a fortresse, by the vamure the diches wer .xxiiii. fote depe When the strength of this castle was wel beholden, many made dange∣rous to assault it, and some saied it could not be wonne by sporte, but by ernest. The kyng mynded to haue it assaulted, and deuised engins ther∣fore, but the Carpenters wer so dull, that thei vnderstode not his intent, and wrought all thyng contrary, and so for that tyme the assaulte was prolonged, and all the other poyntes of the chalenge held, for the morow after sainct Ihon the Euangelistes daie in Christmas, came out of the castle▪ sixe men of armes of the castle, on horsebacke armed at al poyntes with their speres ready to discharge, and so came to the ende of the Tilt, abidyng all commers. Then sodainly entered into the feld, twoo ladies on twoo palfreis, in greate robes of purple damaske, leadyng two anci∣ent knightes, with beardes of siluer, in thesame apparell, and when thei came before the Quene, thei put vp a bill to her, the effect whereof was, that although youth had lefte them, and age was come, and would lette theim to doo feactes of armes: Yet courage, desire, and good will abode with theim, and bad theim to take vpon theim to breake speres, whiche

thei would gladly doo, if it pleased her to geue theim license. When the Quene and the Ladies had seen the bill, thei praised their corage, and gaue them license.

Then the knightes threw awaie their robes, and then it was knowen that it was the Kyng, and the Duke of Suffolk, whose bardes and ba∣ses were golde, embraudered with purple, siluer, and Blacke, very curi∣ously. After them folowed the Erle of Deuonshire, the Lorde Monta∣cute, the Lorde Roos, sir Nicholas Carewe, sir Frances Brian, Henry Norreis, Anthony Kneuet, and fiue other, euery man ran eight courses, in whiche courses the kyng brake seuen speres. Euery man that day did well, so that the Scottes muche preised the men of armes of Englande▪ but moste of all thei preised and marueiled at the kynges strength, for thei saw his speres wer brokē with more force, then the other speres wer

When all the courses wer roune, the kyng and all the other disarmed them, and went to supper, and after supper the kyng hauyng with hym, the Ambassadors of Scotlande, came into the Quenes chamber, where after that the Lordes, and diuerse Ladies had daunced, there came in a Maske of .xvi. all appareled in clothe of Golde, riche tynsell and crimo∣syn veluet, cut, slit, and tied very curiously, their buskins and shoen wer golde, cappes and whoddes all gold, riche and not counterfeted: of this nomber the Kyng and the Duke of Suffolke wer twoo, then the Ma••∣kers toke ladies, & daunsed a greate season, and that doen was brought in wyne and spices, and the straungiers well cherished, & after that con∣ueighed toward their lodgyng. And as thei went thei asked a gentlemā whiche accompaignied them, if all the warre tyme the kyng and the lor∣des wer so mery, or had had suche ioyous pastyme, or kepte suche royall housholde, or were so well appareled: for in their countrey thei saied, in tyme of warre, was nothyng but wailyng and mournyng, and also thei thought that the realme of Fraunce, is not a realme to sport with, nor to Maske with. The gentleman answered, that the kyng and his courte, v∣sed theim still all the warre tyme, as thei dooe now, for thei set not by the Frenche kyng one bene. For the kyng of England maie sit in his chaire and dammage the Frenche kyng, for the Lordes and cominaltie of En∣gland, praie for the continuance of warre, for by the warres of Fraunce thei wynne, and lese not, at whiche saiyng the Scottes muche mused.

Fridaie the .xxx. daie of December, therle of Castels one of the Scot∣tishe Ambassadors toke his leaue, and departed toward Scotlande: for to common with the Counsaill of Scotlande, for thynges whiche were not in their commission, and left behynd hym the Bishoppe of Dunkell, and the Abbot of Campskenell: some saied tharticle was, that the Scot∣tes should forsake the Frenche kyng, & that the kyng of Scottes should come into Englande, but whatsoeuer it was, euery man knewe it not.

The second daie of Ianuary, there was muche talkyng of the assault of the Castle, and so after long debate, sir Frances Brian, and Frances Poynt;, enterprised to defende the Weste braie of the Castle, with Pike

Target, ••nd Sworde, poynt and edge abated, against sir George Cob∣ham George Harbert, Ihon Poyntz, and Willyam Kneuet, and when thei were all armed, the Trumpettes blewe, then toward the braie mar∣ched the foure gentlemen, with pikes and swordes, and cried harr, harr, there was foynyng, lasshyng, and strikyng, thei within fought mightely and when any without clymed vp the banke, thei within bet them doune thei within were sometyme beten doune almo••••e: but surely thei fought valiantly, and then thei seased for a while.

Then began the assaulte again, and George Harbert and Willyam Kneuet, hel••e theim twoo within so hard, that thei could scant put their heddes ouer the braye, or bulwerke. While thei twoo thus still fought, their twoo felowes, sir George Cobham, and Ihon Poyntz, with their swordes digged holes in the banke to clyme vp, but or thei had dooen, their twoo compaignions were fought out of brethe, then sir Frances Brian and Frances Poyntz fought with the other two that digged, and then on came thother twoo, that had brethed themselfes, then ••ierce was the fight, and Ihon Poyntz gat footyng in the bancke aboue, and toke holde of the pa••e, and fought hande to hande, with Frances Poyntz his brother, and euer George Harbert susteined hym, at the banke with his pike, sir Edward Cobham gat the banke, and fought hardely, but at the la•••• he was ouerthrowen, but vp he gat again, and coragiously gat the pale▪ thei twoo within fought valiauntly, but thei wer ouer matched, for t••ei that fought at the pale without, by aide of their felowes gatte ouer the pale, and then was the battail ended. I thynke that there was neuer battaill of pleasure▪ better fought then this was.

The next daie after was another fight, of foure and eight, which was sore ••oughten, and at last the braye taken, and when the combates were disarmed, sodainly all the young persones without, threwe stones at thē within the ca••••le, and thei at theim, and many honest men whiche threwe not wer hurt, and with muche pein thei without wer apeised, and no mā knewe how nor why, this hurlyng began.

The fifth daie of Ianuary, all the knightes of the castle, came to the ba••••••ers to abide al men, thether came the kyng and many other lordes and gentlemen, and that daie by them of the castle, were deliuered .lviii. gentlemen, & .lviii. battailes fought valiantly, the kyng hymself fought coragiou••••y, and so did all the other. The eight daie of February, the gē∣tlemen of the castle folowyng their chalenge, came into the feld, ••eady to an••were all commers. To this turnay came the kyng his base and bard wer cloth or siluer, and blacke veluet ruffed and not plain, and ouer that was a worke of purple veluet, embraudered richely with golde, cutte in knottes or ••ol••es fas••ened, so that it bossed out and frounced very state∣ly to behold, after the Kyng came .xix. other richely appareled, the Kyng and Sir Anthony Broune Turnaied together, and the Kyng with his sword, poynt and edge abated, had almoste cut his poldron, his strokes were so greate. Then euery man turnaied as his course came, and many

a sworde was broken, and many a good stripe geuen, and when euery man had striken the full nomber of twelue strokes, thei wer seuered and then thei disarmed.

In this monethe the Cardinall was Legate, by his power Legantyne, would haue visited the Friers Obseruauntes,* 15.58 but thei in nowise would therein condiscende, wherefore .xix. of thesame religion, were accursed at Paules Crosse, by one of thesame religion, called Frier Forest. Of this Frier Forest ye shall here more here after, in the thirtie yere of this Kyng.

In this season the Frenche kyng was in Italy, with all his nobilitie, and to hym was Millain yelded, but because of pestilence he would not entre, but departed and laied siege to the strong toune of Pauia, wherof was capitain a valiāt Spanyard, called Anthony de Leua. The Frēche kynges mother beyng Regent of Fraunce, perceiuyng that the king her soonne, with all his good Capitaines were in Italy, doubted that the kyng of Englande, in the nexte Spryng tyme would inuade Fraunce. Wherfore she by the auice of the counsaill of Fraūce, did so muche with the kyng of England, that her Stuard of houshold called Ihon Iokin, had a saueconduit to come into Englande, whiche was kept close in the house of docter Larke, a Prebendary of sainct Steuens, and euery daie priuely spake with the Cardinall, & so secretly he remained, til the .xxiiii. daie of Ianuary, at whiche daie came to London, the president of Roan called Monsire Brynyon, as an Ambassador from Frances the French kyng, and was lodged with Ihon Iokyn: this Ihon Iokyn was kepte priuie, because that no man should knowe, that there was any manne of Fraunce, here to sollicite any cause for the Frenche Kyng, whiche after grewe to greate trouble. For he shewed hymself to straungiers, whiche fauored the Frenche partie, and so at last it was openly knowen, to the kynges counsaill, and almoste to all men: but when the Emperors Am∣bassador knewe this darke dealyng, he mused not a litle and saied, that the Cardinall did driue priuie driftes, & that by his meanes onley, Ihon Iokyn was come into Englande, to entreate a peace in secret maner, or the kynges frendes might knowe it, and al people saied, that Ihon Io∣kyn was but a cast awaie of Ieane, and had no liuyng to liue on, but of the lady Regent, and marueiled why he should be kept close, & so muche cherished of the Cardinall. For this kepyng close of this Iokyn, En∣glishemen wer rebuked at the Marte in Flaunders, and Brabant. The Emperors Ambassador and the bishop of Romes Ambassador also sore murmured, why this Ihon Iokyn should bee kept as a spirite in close, consideryng that there was open warre betwene the twoo kynges, and feared that the kynges counsaill should be corrupt. This Ihon Iokyn was muche with the Cardinall, but neuer was seen with the Kyng nor his counsaill, but for all the secretnes, Monsire Pratt themperors Am∣bassadour, knewe all the offers that he made for peace (whiche in deede wer very greate) and how he had offered pencions, to diuerse young mē aboute the kyng, of the whiche some wer very glad, & so the noyse be re∣son

of suche offers ran, that a peace was likely to ensue in shorte space.

Monsire Pratt wrote of this matter, in all hast to the Emperor, in the whiche letters he highly commended the kyng of England, for his sted∣fastnes: but he said some of the kynges counsaill, loued neither the Em∣perour nor the kyng of Englande, and wrote to hym farther, all the ma∣ner of y^e secret kepyng of Ihō Iokyn. These letters at last wer brought to the Cardinall, by what chaunce it was not openly knowen, and so he sent for Monsire Pratt, and declared to hym the matter, whiche answe∣red hym, that he was counsailer and Ambassador to the Emperour, and that it was his parte, to assertein the Emperor of euery thyng, that was or might sound preiudicial to his maiestie, but howsoeuer that his an∣swere was taken, he was not fauored with the Cardinall, but he saied o∣penly, that it was not well ment to the Emperor, to stop his packet with letters and to open them, and the Spanyardes saied, that the Emperor sent them not into Englande to slepe, but to do hym seruice. The bishop of Romes Ambassador wrote to his master, that peace was likely to bee concluded, betwene Englande and Fraunce, and willed hym to bee the firste frende to the Frenche kyng, rather then the seconde. Of whiche writyng came harme after, as you shall heare.

In this moneth tidynges came to the Kyng, howe the Marques of Piscaire in Italy, had gotten from the Frenche kyng, a castle called the castle. S. Angell, whiche was a greate fortificacion, of his siege at Pauie.

There was in this monethe a Flemyng in Heddyng Castle, whiche came often tymes to sainct Omers, & promised them if thei would come to Heddyng, he would deliuer the Castle: vpon his worde thei of saincte Omers,* 15.59 gathered together seuen hundred footemen, and fiue hundred horsemen, and poynted with the spie, that the fourthe daie of February, thei would come thether, and whē the false knaue knewe the daie, he told Monsire Pontdormie, Capitain of Heddyng, whiche incontment filled the castle with men of warre, and laied busshementes on euery side, and had laied the ordinaunce, all on the one side of the Castle, that waie that the Flemynges should come. The men of warre of sainct Omers, were conueighed by their spie, mistrustyng nothyng, to a posterne, which was litle vsed, and when there were as many in, as the Frenchemen thought sufficient, thei let fall the Portcolis: Then Monsire Pontdromie, cried, slaie, slaie, then the Flemynges wist that thei wer betraied, and put them selfes to fight for their liues, that seyng Monsire Pontdromie, cōmaū∣ded to fire the ordinaunce in suche haste and fury, that the flame was so greate and fierce, that it brent thesaied Lorde Pontdromie, and .xxvii. of his compaignions all gentlemen, the trayne was so hastely fiered, that thei had no leasure to auoyde. In the fight tenne of the Flemynges we•• slain, and thirtie kept thēselfes so hardely together, that their liues were graunted them, and so was taken as prisoners, the remnant that entred lept ouer the castle wal, and so saued themselfes, and told newes to their horsmen, whiche wer without, whiche hearyng the mischaunce, returned

toward sainct Omers.

Sundaie the fifth daie of Marche,* 15.60 wer receiued into London, Mon∣sire de Beuer lorde of Camphere, Admirall of Flaunders, & the Presi∣dent of Malynes, called Master Ihon de la Coos, and Master Ihon de la Gache, as Ambassadors from the lady Margaret, in the name of the Emperor, for causes of the lowe countreis, of Brabant, Flaunders, and Zelande: and on Tewesdaie thei wer brought to the kyng to Bridewell, whiche nobely theim enterteined, and then thei shewed how themperors maiestie, had commaunded theim to obey the kyng of England, as pro∣tertor and gouernor, wherfore thei and all theirs, wer at his cōmaunde∣ment, & if thei had doen other wise, and not obeyed hym as their gouer∣nor, thei asked hym mercy, then the kyng and thei talked together secret¦ly, and then thei departed. These Ambassadors demaūded thre thynges.

First, thei demaunded the ladie Mary the kynges onely daughter, to [ 1] be deliuered to theim out of hande, and she to be named Emprise, and to take possession of all the lowe countreis, and to be gouernor of thesame, this article was not agreed to, for causes.

Also that all suche sommes of money, as the Kyng should geue with [ 2] her in mariage, for a dower to be made to her, should be paied incontinēt this article was also denied.

Thirdly, that the kyng of Englande hymself, should passe the sea a••d [ 3] made warre in Fraunce, the nexte Sommer, to this the kyng saied he would take auisement.

Thursday the .ix. daie of Marche, at .vii. of the clocke in the mornyng there came a gentleman in poste, from the lady Margaret gouernesse of Flaūders, and brought letters, shewyng how that the .xxiiii. daie of Fe∣bruary, the siege of Pauia, where the Frenche kyng had lien long, was raised by force of battaill, and the Frenche kyng hymself takē prisoner, and how by the Duke of Burbon, the Uiceroy of Naples called Myn∣gnouale, and the Marques of Piscaire, and other of the Emperors ca∣pitaines, the whole power of Fraunce was discomfited, & how the duke of Albany with seuen thousande men, was goyng to Naples, and how the bishop of Rome was become French, against the Emperor, and had sent his cosyn in aide of the Frēche kyng, with a great power. Thesame daie the president of Roan & Ihon Iokyn, wer goyng to the Court (for thei had not yet spokē with the kyng) and in Holburne in their way was tidynges brought them, of the takyng of the kyng their Master, and of the losse of the feld, whiche hearyng this misauenture, returned to their lodgyng sorowfull, and within shorte space, returned to the Regent of Fraūce. It was thought surely that the kyng of England, would haue had peace with the Frenche kyng, if this chaunce had not happened, for all the people of Englande, grudged against Flaunders, for their euill entreatyng, in the tyme of warre, and also the kyng was displeased with theim, for enhaunsyng his coyne there, whiche was a cause that money was daily conueighed out of the Realme, and many other causes there

were of grudge.

〈◊〉〈◊〉 the .xi. daie of Marche,* 15.61 in the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 of London for these ty∣dynges, wer made greate ••iers and triumph, and the Maior and Alder∣men road about the citee with Trumpettes, and 〈◊〉〈◊〉 ••yne was laied in diuerse places of the citee, that euery man might 〈◊〉〈◊〉, and on To∣wer hill the Ambassadours of Rome, of Flaunders, and 〈◊〉〈◊〉, had a greate ba••ket made in a goodly ••ent, whiche pleased theim 〈◊〉〈◊〉, and as thei returned homewarde, all the stretes were full of harnessed men and Cressettes, attendyng on the Constables, whiche thei preised muche.

Sondaie the .xii. of Marche, the kyng accompaignied with the Ambassadors, of Rome, of the Emperor, of Scotland, of Uenice, of Millain and Florence, road in his estate to Paules churche, and there the Cardi∣nall sang Masse, and a .xi. prelates waited on hym in pontificalles, and after Masse was doen, the quere sang Te deum, and the mynstrelles plaied on euery side, and when all was doen, the kyng returned to Bride well, and there kept a solempne dinner. The bishop of Scotland was muche marked this daie, for whensoeuer he came to the Court, before this time his apparell was sumpteous, his whodde was euer veluet or crimosyn Satyn: but after the takyng of the Frenche kyng, he ware onely blacke Chamlet, by whiche token men iudged his Frenche harte.

From the .ix. daie of Marche to the .xvi. daie, the kyng had no mo let∣ters, of the maner of battaill of Pauie, and that daie he receiued a letter from the Duke of Burbon, by a gentleman called Gropayne: when the kyng had redde the letter,* 15.62 he came into the Quenes Chamber, and there thesaied Gropayne declared the maner of the siege, and how wel it was planted, and how themperors men entered the Frenche campe by force, and threwe doune their bastiles, and fought with the Frenchmen, within their Campe, and tooke their kyng prisoner in thesame, and many other whiche was maruell. For when the Frenche kyng entered Italy, he had in his gard .xi.C. men, and of speres furnished twoo M.ii.C.l. and of light horsemen eight hundred and .xx. and of footemen .lvii.M. and of these the Duke of Albany had but eight thousande, so that there remay∣ned with the Frenche kyng .xlix.M.ix.C. and fiftie men, wherof was ta∣ken .xiiii.M. and mo, beside the greate riches, and the goodly ordinance whiche were .xii. greate Bombardes of brasse, and .xxiiii. greate Canon peces .xxiiii. double Curtalles, foure double Canon peces, twoo middle Canon peces, and eight other peces. After the feld was doen, the French kyng was put in the custodie of the Uiceroy of Naples, whiche muche comforted hym, and preised his valiauntnes, and praied hym to be con∣tent, for he should haue a gentle ende, then he desired to write to his mo∣ther, whiche was to hym graunted, the very wordes wer these.

To aduertise you of my infortunate chaunce: Nothyng is left but the honor, and the life that is saued, and because some other newes shall re∣comforte you, I haue desired to write to you this letter▪ the whiche libe∣rally hath been graunted to me: besechyng you to regard the extremitie

of your self, in ensuyng your accustomed wisedome. For I hope that at length God will not forget me, to you recommendyng your litle en••an∣tes and myne, suppliyng you to geue saueconduite, to passe and returne from Spain, to this berar that goeth toward the Emperor, to knowe in what wise I shalbe intreated, and thus right hūbly to your good grace, I haue me recommended: This subscribed by your humble and obedi∣ent sonne Frances.

This season the Cardinal beyng in the kynges fauor,* 15.63 obteined licēce to make a College at Oxford, and another at Ipswyche, and because he would geue no landes to thesaid Colleges, he obteined of the bishop of Rome, licēse to suppresse and put doune diuerse Abbayes, Priories, and Monasteries, to the nomber of wherfore sodainly he entered by his Cōmissioners, into thesaied houses, and put out the Religious, and tooke all their goodes, moueables, and scarcely gaue ton the poore wret∣ches any thyng, except it wer to the heddes of the house, and then he cau∣sed thexcheter to sit, and to finde the houses voyde, as relynquished, and founde the kyng founder, where other men wer founders, and with these landes he endewed with all his Colleges, whiche he begā so sumpteous and the scholers were so proude, that euery persone iudged, that thende would not be good, as you shall heare, fiue yeres hereafter.

The Erle of Castelles whiche was sent into Scotlande,* 15.64 returned in∣to England, the .xix. daie of Marche, but because the Frenche kyng was taken, his commission for the moste part was determined, and so he and al his compaignie toke their leaue of the kyng, and without any reward returned into Scotlande, the fourth daie of Aprill.

In this monethe of Marche, the Kyng sent Cutberd Tunstall Bi∣shop of London, and sir Richard Wyngfeld, Chanceller of the Duchy of Lancastre, and Knight of the Gartier, into Spain to the Emperour, for greate causes concernyng the takyng of the Frenche kyng, and in e∣speciall for warres to be made on Fraūce, on euery side. For so the kyng of England and his counsaill, wer agreed and determined: and thesame moneth the Ambassadors, departed again into Flaunders.

The counsaill remembryng that it was determined, that the kyng in proper persone should passe the sea, thei considered that aboue all thyn∣ges, greate threasure and plentie of money, must nedes be had in a rea∣dines: wherefore by the Cardinall were deuised strange Commissions,* 15.65 and sent in the ende of Marche to euery shire, and Commissioners ap∣poynted, whiche wer the greatest men of euery shire: and priuie instruc∣cions sent to theim, to saie and ordre the people, and the tenor was, that the sixt part of euery mannes substaunce, should without delaie bee pa∣yed in money or plate, to the kyng, for the furniture of his warre: where∣fore the Cardinal••, as chief Commissioner for London, sent for sir Wil∣lyam Bayly knight,* 15.66 then Maior of the citee, and the Aldermen, and di∣uerse hedde Comminers, and saied to them in maner folowyng. You the kynges welbeloued frendes and subiectes, of the citee of Lōdon, I must

declare to you, how the kyng contrary to his awne mynd and will▪ but compelled of ve••ie force, is determined to entre into a new war, & for the more explanacion of the truthe, you shall vnderstande, that after that Frances the Frenche kyng that now is, had obteigned the Croune and scepter o•• the realme of Fraunce, he moste humbly sued to the kyng our Master for peace, loue, and amitie, promisyng vpon the Euange••••••••es, to kepe the league then concluded, and also to paie to lady Mary quene dowager of Fraunce, her due pencion and doware, to her graunted by kyng Lewes her husbande. After this he by his Ambassadors, humbly desired the citee of Turnay, whiche kyng Lewes before tyme had loste: the kyng whiche would that the citee of Turnay, should bee no cause of grudge, betwene hym and the Frenche kyng, consented that for certaine sommes of money, it should be deliuered. And farther the more to bynd amitie betwene theim, the kyng was content, that a communicacion of mariage should be had▪ betwene the Dolphyn of Fraunce, and the ladie Marie Princes of Englande, yet for to entreate more loue, familiaritie, and acquaintance, the kyng to his greate cost and charge passed the sea, and met in persone with the Frenche kyng, thynkyng that by reason of personall sight and actuall communicacion, that more stable and ferme loue, should growe betwene them, then by writyng, at whiche time it was vndoubtedly thought, that there could be no more loue be knit, betwene two persones. There were couenauntes amde and sworne, and the kyng our Master saied to the Frenche kyng:* 15.67 Brother, now that you and I be this knit, I require you to kepe ferme peace, & amitie, with my nephewe themperor: and also suffre not Duke Ihon of Albany▪ to go into Scot∣lande, for puttyng the young kyng my nephewe, in ieoperdie of his per∣sone, wherefore if you loue men, in especiall kepe these two articles: if you obserue these articles, and all other couenauntes betwene vs agreed, I assure you there had neuer prince a surer frende, then you shall haue of me.* 15.68 Then the Frenche kyng ••aied his hande in ••ine (said the Cardinal) and sware by the othe of a kyng, he would obserue & kepe fermely, these poyntes with many mo, and after the Kynges were departed, and that the Emperoure was come to the kyng to Calice: the Frenche kyng sent Monsire de la Roche ba••on with letters, declaryng that he was in per∣fecte league and amitie with the Emperor, and this not withstandyng, he within lesse space then halfe a yere, sent Robert de la Marche, to in∣uade the emperors lande, and made warre in Neuert & other places. The kyng ouer Master hearyng this, of his mere charitie sent me, and o∣ther nobles with a greate trayne to Calice, to knowe by whom the warr began, for he promised to be enemie to hym that brake firste. To whiche place came from the Frenche kyng, his Chanceller, and Monsire de la Palice, and many other noble menne. And from the Emperor came his Chanceller, and the lorde Cheuers, and there in open counsaill, the Em∣perors Ambassadors, did shewe the Frenche kynges letters, signed and sealed, by the whiche he enforced and began the warre: to whiche poynte

the Frenche Ambassadours could not answere. What should I saie, the warre was open on bothe parties, I sent to the Frenche kyng Ambassa∣dors, to entreate peace, but in nowise he would concēt: wherfore I with my compaignie returned. In the meane season (although I doubted no∣thyng, the Frenche kynges faithe towarde our Master) yet, or a more suertie, I obteigned a saueconduit for the Englishe Merchauntes, that thei should go to Burdeaux, and vpon suertie of that our Merchantes passed, yet he contrary to his saucconduit, toke the Merchantes goodes, and put their bodies in prison, whiche the Turke would not haue doen. The kyng sent gentely to hym, his herault Clarenseux, desiryng hym to redresse all these enormities, and to paie hym his sommes, of money, due to hym and to the Quene his sister, for her dower, whiche to doo he refu∣sed and denied, whiche thynges you knowe, the kyng of his honor might not suffre. Wherfore mightely he hath these three yeres, kept warre con∣tinually bothe on lande and sea, and inuaded Fraunce with two armies royall, and bet their tounes, castles, and fortresses, destroyed the people, and passed the water of Somme, and proffered battaill to the Frenche∣men, in their awne countrey, and hath brought the countrey, in suche pe∣nury and wretchednes, that in many yeres it will not be recouered.

And the more to hurt and damage the French kyng, the kyng hath in wages the Duke of Burbon, whiche was the greatest strengthe on the Frenche part: by whose power and aide of other, whiche had great som∣mes of money, of the kyng our Master, the Frenche kyng in persone is now taken, and all his nobles in effect, before Pauia, and kept as priso∣ner to the Emperor and the kyng our Master, and that for greate reasō: for our Master sent sir Gregory de Cassado his Ambassador to the Ui∣ceioy of Naples, and to the Duke of Burbon, and the Marques of Pi∣scaire, with a hundred thousand Crounes, so that thei would fight with the Frenche kyng: For the whiche money thei assented, and so gaue b••t∣taill, in the whiche thei slewe xii. thousande men, and drouned .vii. thou∣sande, and .xiii. thousande taken prisoners, and now sithe God hath geuē vs victory, the kyng remembryng the saiyng of the Poet that saieth: It is more mastery to vse victorie gotten, then to get it, thynketh it necessa∣rie now in all hast, to make an armie royall, and he in person to passe the seas, and to recouer his right inheritance, bothe of the Croune of Fraūce as of Normandie, Guyen, Gascone, Aniowe and Mayne, the writynges whereof comprehendyng the very title, you maie se here present if ye list, but I doubt not but you knowe them well inough. And now I aske you this questiō, whether that you thynke it cōuenient, that the kyng should passe with an armie or not, for the kyng will doo by thauise of his subie∣etes: to the whiche many saied yea, yea.

Wel said the Cardinal,* 15.69 then must he be made able to go like a prince, whiche cannot be without your aides, & for to shewe you what the Arch∣bishoppe of Cantorbury and I, whiche bee primates of the realme haue doen, we haue geuen of our landes, and all landes apperteignyng to the

churche the third parte, ••nd the temporall lordes, haue geuen of landes and goodes, the sixt parte, and to ••••opa••d their bodies in pain and tra∣uaill, and now sithe thei whiche shall 〈◊〉〈◊〉 their lifes, doth profer the sixt part, what should thei geu•• whiche abide at home? For soth I thinke that halfe your subs••aunce were 〈◊〉〈◊〉 litle, not meanyng that the Kyng so asketh. For he demaundeth onely no more, of fi••••ie .••. the sixt part, and so vpon euery .l. aboue fiftie .l. to what some soeuer it amounte to, the sixt part that is .iii. d .iiii. s̄. of the .l. and from .xx. .l. to fiftie pounde, & so vp∣ward .ii. s̄. and .viii. d of the pounde, and from .xx. pounde to .xx. s̄ .xii. d of the pounde, and this to be leuied accordyng to the first valuacion, as appereth by your awne valuacion, whiche is out a small matter, to the thing that is meant. Then thei beyng astonied, at last y^• one said, my lord sithe the last valuacion, diuerse Merchantes be decaied, by the seas, and suertiship, and other waies, so that valuacion cannot bee had. Then an∣swered the Cardinall, sers, speake not to breake that thyng that is con∣cluded, for some shal not paie the tenth parte, and some more, it wer bet∣ter that some should suffre ••••digence, then the kyng at this tyme should lacke, and therefore beware and re••ist not, nor ruffill not in this case, for it maie fortune to cost some their heddes:* 15.70 But I will speke to the kyng, to bee good to you, so that if he go not ouer the sea in persone, then you shall haue your money redeliuered, but firste let the money bee gathe∣red and laie it where you will, and if the kyng nede it not, you maie take it again.

When the Cardinall had thus perswaded the Maior, and his brethē and other hedde Cominers, thei toke their leaue, and euery daie after by the space o•• fortenight, he sent for a certain nomber of Comyners, and told them like tale, but some spake suche woordes to hym, and some go∣yng from hym, that thei were sent to ward.

Now were Commissioners sent to the clergie,* 15.71 for the fourthe parte of their landes and moueables, and in euery alsembly the priestes answe∣red, that thei would paie nothyng, except it were graunted by Conuoca∣cion, other wise not: for thei saied that neuer kyng of England, did aske any mannes goodes, but by an ordre of the lawe, and this Commission is not by the ordre of the lawe: wherefore thei saied, that the Cardinall and all the doers thereof, were enemies to the kyng, and to the common wealthe. This infamie was spoken in preachynges, and euery where.

When this matter was opened through Englande,* 15.72 howe the greate men toke it it was maruell, the poore curssed, y^• riche repugned, the light wittes railed, but in conclusion, all people curssed the Cardinall, and his coadherentes as subuersor of the Lawes and libertie of Englande. For thei saied, if men should geue their goodes by a Commission, then wer it worse then the taxes of Fraunce, and so England should be bond and not free.

It happened at Redyng in Barkeshire, that the Commissioners satte for this money to be graunted, and the people in no wise would consent

to the sixt parte: but of their awne mere mynde, for the loue thei bare to the kyng, thei graunted the twe••neth parte, that is .xx. d. of the pounde, the Commissioners hearyng this, said thei would sende to the Cardinal, desiryng hym to be content with this offre, and so the Lord Li••e wrote the letter, so that six Richard Weston would beare it, the which letter at the request of the gentlemen of the coūtrey, thesaid sir Richard toke vpō him to cary, & road to the Cardinall: whiche therewith was sore greued, and said, but because that the lorde Liue wrote, that the matter was but communed of, and not concluded, it should cost the lorde Lille his hedde and his landes should be solde to paie the kyng the values, that by hym and you fo••ishe commissioners he had lost, and all your liues at the kyn∣ges will: these wordes sore astonied sir Richard Westō, but he said litle.

Then the Cardinall wrote letters, to ••l Commissioners of the realme that thei should kepe their first ins••ru••ciō, and in no wise to swarue one iote, vpon pain of their liues and euery man to be valued, accordyng to the valuacion taken in the .xiiii. yere. This la••••e poynte sore touched the citee of London, for the Cardinall in the .xiiii. yere, sent one Docter Tu∣nes his secret Chapelein, to the Chapter house of Paules, pron. ••••yng to the Londoners, that whatsoeuer thei valued themselfes at, that no man should knowe it, but the kyng, the Cardinall, and he, vpon whiche pro∣messe, many persones for their more credite, and to be the higher estemed valued theimselfes at a greater substaunce then thei were worthe▪ thyn∣kyng neuer to lende or paie by that confession, for the loane and the sub∣sidie were paied, accordyng as men were sessed, and not by Mas••er Tu∣nes boke, whē men valued thēselfes, not knowyng what should ••uccede.

Now in this tyme was that subtile valuacion, laied to their charge, whiche when thei perceiued, thei murmured muche and said, thei would paie nothyng, except the kynges lawes, vnder whiche thei were borne, so determined it: But this notwithstandyng, Commissioners went out to euery shire, for the leuie of thesaied money, but for all that could be per∣swaded, saied, lied, and flatered, the d••maunde could not bee assented to, saiyng,* 15.73 that thei that sent furthe suche Commissioners, were subuerters of the lawe, and worthy to bee punished as traytors. So that in all the realme were billes set vp, in al places: Some billes sai••d, that the kyng had not paied that he borowed: Some saied that the Subsedy amoun∣ted treble, more then he had bestowed: other saied whatsoeuer was graū¦ted, no good came of it: and other said that the Cardinall sent al the mo∣ney to Rome, thus was the mutteryng through all the realme, with cur∣ses and wepynges that pitie it was to beholde.

Duryng this season that the Commissioners sat, and that the bishop of London, and other the kynges Ambassadors, were abidyng wynde to saile into Spain to the Emperor (as you haue hard rehersed) Mon••ire Pratt, the Emperours Ambassadour, whiche was sore angrie for Ihon Iokyns commyng into Englande, as you haue harde before, departed priuely out of the Realme of Englande, the .ix. daie of Aprill, without

speakyng with the kyng, or the Cardinall, and so muche did by sauecon∣duite, that he passed through Fraunce in poste, and came to the Empe∣ror before the Ambassadours of Englande came thether, and whether it was by his report or otherwise, the accustomed fauor that themperor and his counsaill shewed to the Englishemen, began then to decaie, and to shewe theimselfes vnkynde to the Englishe nacion, without cause, as you shall here after perceiue.

In this yere the kyng folowing of his hauke,* 15.74 lept ouer a diche beside Hychyn, with a polle and the polle brake, so that if one Edmond Mody, a foteman, had not lept into the water, & lift vp his hed, whiche was fast in the clay, he had been drouned: but God of his goodnes preserued him

This yere at Whitsontyde, died Thomas Duke of Norffolke, and honorably buried at The••ford in Suffolke.

¶The .xvii. yere.

IN the beginnyng of this .xvii. yere,* 15.75 the Commissioners in all shires satte, for the leuie of the sixt parte of euery man∣nes goodes, but the burden was so greuous, that it was de••ied, and the commōs in euery place were so moued, that it was like to haue growen to a rebellion. When this mis∣chief was shewed to the kyng, he saied that he neuer knewe of that de∣maunde, and therefore with greate diligence, he sent his letters to the citee of London, and to all other places, in the whiche the kyng gentely wrote, that he would demaūde no some certain, but suche as his louyng subiectes would graunt to hym of their good mindes, toward the main∣tenaunce of his warres: wherfore the Cardinal, the twentie & sixe daie of Aprill, sent for the Maior of London, the Aldermen and counsail of the same, with the moste subs••anciall persones, of the common counsail, and when thei were come to his place at Westminster, he saied: the kyng our louereigne lorde, moste graciously considereth the greate loue, zeale, and obe••ience, which you beare vnto hym, a••d where like louyng subiectes, without any grudge or againsaie, of your louyng myndes you haue graunted the sixt parte, of all youre goodes and substaunce, frely to bee p••••ed, accordyng to the firste valuacion, the whiche louyng graunt and good mynde, he so kyndly accepted, that it was maruell to le. But I my sel•• do cōsider the great losses, and other charges that daily hath, & doth to you grow, and that notwithstandyng, any losse or charge that happe∣neth to you, yet you neuer withstoode nor againsai••d, any of the kynges demaundes or Commissions, as it appereth now of late, of whiche doo∣ynges,* 15.76 I haue highly the kyng enformed, for y^• whiche he gaue you har∣tie thākes. Then I kneled doune to his grace, shewyng hym bothe your good myndes towarde hym, and also the charges, that you continuelly sustein, the whiche at my desire and peticion, was content to call in, and abrogate thesame commission, & where he by reason of your awne graū∣tes, might haue demaunded thesaied somme as a verie debte, yet he is

content to release and pardon thesame, and wil nothyng take of you, but of your beneuolence: wherfore take here with you the kynges letter, and let it be redde to the commons, and I doubt not but you will gladly do, as louyng subiectes should do.

Here note, that if the Cardinall had not said, that the kyng had relea∣sed and pardoned the first demaunde, the citezens would haue answered the Cardinall, that thei neuer made no suche graunt, and for a suretie no more thei did not: and so thei helde their peace, & departed toward Lon∣don, sore grudgyng at the liyng of the Cardinal, and openly saiyng that he was the verie cause, and occasiō of this demaunde, and would plucke the peoples hartes from the kyng.

The .xxviii. daie of Aprill,* 15.77 in the Common counsaill of the citee, was redde the kynges letter, accordyng to the effect aboue rehersed, wherfore the citizens sent foure Aldermen, and .xii. Cominers to Hampton courte to geue thankes to the lorde Cardinall, whiche for busines as was saied could not speake with hym, wherefore thei returned not content. Then euery Alderman assembled his ward, in their places accustomed, & gen∣tely moued them of a beneuolence, to be graunted to the kyng, the which thei openly denied, saiyng: that thei had paied inough before, with ma∣ny euill wordes.

The .viii. daie of Maie, the Cardinall again sent for the Maior and his brethren, whiche shewed thē what thei had doen: then saied the Car∣dinall, you haue no suche commission to examyn any man, I am youre Commissioner, I will examyne you one by one my self, and then I shall knowe the good wil that you beare to your prince, for I will aske of you a beneuolence in his name. Then was it answered to the Cardinall, by a counsailer of the citee, that by the lawe there might no suche beneuolēce be asked, nor men so examined, for it was contrary to the statute made the first yere of kyng Richarde the thirde, also some persones commyng before your grace, maie for feare graunt that, that all daies of their life thei shall repent, and some to wynne your fauor, will graunt more then thei bee able to paie of their awne, and so ronne in other mennes debtes, so that by dredfull gladnes, and fearefull boldnes, men shall not be ma∣sters of themselfes, but as menne dismaied, shall graunt that that their wifes and children shall sore rewe. The Cardinall hard this saiyng ve∣rie paciently, and answered: Sir I maruell that you speake of Richard the third, whiche was a vsurper and a murtherer of his awne nephewes: then of so euill a man, how can the actes be good, make no suche allega∣cions, his actes be not honorable. And it please your grace said the coū∣sailer, although he did euill, yet in his tyme wer many good actes made not by hym onely, but by the consent of the body of the whole realme, whiche is the parliament. Then sir Willyam Bayly lorde Maior, kne∣led doune and besought his grace, that sithe it was enacted, by the com∣mon Counsaill of London, that euery Alderman should sit in his awne ward, for a beneuolence to be graūted, whiche he perceiued to be against

the lawe, that thesame acte by thesame common counsall, might be reuo∣ked and no otherwise: well saied the Cardinall, I am content. But now will I entre into the kynges Commission: You Maior, and you Master Aldermen, what will you geue? my lorde saied the Maior▪ I praie you pardō me, for if I should entre i••to any graunt, it might fortune to cost me my life: your life saied the Cardinall, that is a maruelous worde, for your will toward the kyng, will the citezens put you in ieoperdy of your life, that w••re straunge: For if thei would that waie, then must the kyng come with ••••rōg power them to oppresse, wherfore speake no more suche wordes,* 15.78 and with that he studied a litle and saied: My lorde Maior, let you & your citezens, if you be greued with any thyng, in this demaunde, humbly and after a good fashiō come to me, and I shall so entreate you that you shalbe content, and no displeasure arise, & so I praie pou shewe your neighbors, and so the Maior for that daie departed.

The Maior did wisely not to assent to graunt to any thyng, for al∣though he and the Aldermen had assented, the common counsaill would neuer haue assented. So on the next morowe▪ it was declared to the com∣mon coūsaill, that their act that was made that euery Alderman should sit for a beneuolence to be graunted, was against a statute lawe: where∣vpon thesaid act was anulled: and then was it declared, that euery man should come to the Cardinall, and to graūt priuily what he would, with this saiyng the citezens wer sore greued, then the Maior gentely shewed them, how he durst warrant, that thei should bee entreated gentely, and exhorted theim to go thether when thei were sent for, whiche saiyng no∣thyng pleased theim: and then in a furie thei would haue had Richarde Gresham, and Ihon Hewster Mercers, and Richarde Gibson Seriant at armes and Merchant Tailor, banished out of the common counsail, and so without answere made, what thei would do, thei departed home.

In thesame season through all the realme, this demaunde was vtter∣ly de••••ed, so that the Commissioners could bryng nothyng to passe, and yet thei assaied bothe by faire waies and ••ou••e: ••ome spake faire and fla∣tered, other spake cruell and threatened, and yet could not bryng their purpose aboute. For in Kent the lorde Cobham was commissioner, and han••led men roughly, and by reason one Ihō S••udder, answered hym ••••ubbishly, he sent hym to the tower of London: For whiche dooyng the people muttered, and grudged against the lorde Cobham, and saied ex∣pre••••y that thei would paie no money, and then thei began to accōpt the loanes and sub••edies graunted, so that thei reken••d the kynges Tresure innumerable, for thei accompted that the kyng had takē of this realme, twentie fiftenes, sithe the .xiiii. yere of his reigne, and in this grudge, thei euill entreated sir Thomas Bullein at Maidestone.

In Essex the people would not assemble before the commissioners in no houses, but in open places: and in Huntyngdon shire, diuerse resisted the commissioners to sit,* 15.79 whiche wer apprehended, and sent to the Fl••te.

The Duke of Suffolke, sat in Suffolke this season in like commis∣sion,

and by gentle handlyng, he caused the riche Clothiers to assent, and graunt to geue the sixt parte, and when thei came home to their houses, thei called to them their Spinners, Carders, Fullers, Weuers, & other a••tificers, whiche were wont to be set a woorke and haue their liuynges by cloth makyng, and saied, sirs we be not able to set you a woorke, our goodes be taken from vs, wherefore trust to your selfes, and not to vs, for otherwise it wil not be. Then began women to wepe, and young fol∣kes to crie, and men that had no woorke, began to rage, and assemble theimselfes in compaignies. The Duke of Suffolke hearyng of this, commaunded the Constables, that euery mannes harnes, should be ta∣ken from them, but when that was knowen, then the rumor waxed more greater, and the people railed openly on the Duke of Suffolke, and sir Robert Dru••ie, and threatened them with death, and the Cardinall al∣so, and so of Lanam, Sudbery, Hadley, and other ••ounes aboute, there rebelled foure thousande men, and put theimselfes in harnes, and ••ang the belles Alarme and began togather still more: then the duke of Suf∣folke perceiuyng this, began to reise men, but he could gette but a small nombre, and thei that came to hym saied, that thei would defende hym from all pe••illes, if he hurte not their neighbors, but against their nei∣ghbors thei would not fight: Yet the gentlemen that were with the duke did so muche, that al the bridges wer broken, so that their assemble was some what letted.

The duke of Norffolke, high Threasorer and Admirall of Englande hearyng of this, gathered a greate power in Norffolke, & came towarde the commons, and of his noblenes he sent to the cōmons, to knowe their intent, which answered: that thei would liue and dye in the kynges cau∣ses, and to the kyng to be obedient: When the duke wist that, he came to thē, and then al spake at once, so that he wist not what thei meant. Then he asked who was their Capitain, and bad that he should speke: then a well aged manne of fiftie yeres and aboue, asked licence of the Duke to speake, whiche graūted with good will. My lorde saied this man, whose name was Ihon Grene, si••he you aske who is our capitain, for soth his name is Pouertie, for he and his cosyn Necessitie, hath brought vs to this dooyng, for all these persones and many mo, whiche I would were not here, liue not of our selfes, but all wee liue, by the substanciall occu∣piers of this countrey, and yet thei geue vs so litle wages, for our work∣māship, that scacely we be able to liue, and thus in penurie we passe the tyme, we, our wifes and childrē, and if thei by whom we liue, be brought in that case, that thei of their litle, cannot helpe vs to earne our liuyng, then must we perishe, and dye miserably. I speke this my lorde, the cloth makers haue put all these people, and a farre greater nomber frō worke the husbande men haue put awaie their seruauntes, and geuen vp hous∣hold, thei say, the kyng asketh so muche, that thei be not able to do as thei haue doen before this tyme, & then of necessitie, must we dye wretchedly: wherfore my lorde, now accordyng to your wisedom, consider our neces∣sitie.

The Duke was sory to heare their complaint, and well he knewe that it was true: then he saied, neighbors, seuer your selfes a sonder, let euery man depart to his home, and chose furthe foure, that shall answer for the remnant, and on my honor I will send to the kyng, and make hū∣ble intercession for your pardon, whiche I truste to obtein, so that you will depart, then al thei answered thei would, and so thei departed home.

At the twoo dukes requestes, commissioners of great aucthoritie wer sent to theim, then the Duke of Norffolke, and the Duke of Suffolke came to Bery, & thether came many people of the countrey, in their shir∣tes, and halters about their neckes, mekely desiryng pardon for their of∣fences: the Dukes so wisely handeled themselfes, that the commons wer ••ppeised, & in especiall one Master Iermyn, toke muche pain in ridyng and goyng, betwene the lordes and commons: then the demaunde of mo¦ney seased in all the realme, for well it was perceiued, that the commons would none paie.

After this, the twoo dukes came to London, and brought with theim the chief capitaines of the rebelliō, whiche wer put in the Flete, and then the kyng came to Westminster▪ to the Cardinals place: Wherupon this matter,* 15.80 he assembled a great counsaill, and openly he said, that his mynd was neuer, to aske any thyng of his commons, whiche might sounde to his dishonor, or to the breche of his lawes, wherfore he would knowe of whom it was long, that the commissions were so straight, ••o demaunde the sixt parte of euery mannes substaunce:* 15.81 the Cardinall excused hym∣self & saied, that when it was moued in counsaill, how to make the kyng ••••••he, the Kynges Counsaill, and especially the Iudges ••aied, he might lawfully demaunde any some by Commission, and that by the assent of the whole counsaill it was dooen, and toke God to witnes, that he neuer maligned nor desired, the hynderance of the Commons, but like a true counsailer, deuised to enriche the kyng: And the spirituall men saie, that it standeth with Goddes lawe, for Ioseph caused the kyng of Egip••e, ••o take the fifth parte of euery mannes goodes, but because euery manne laieth the burden from hym, I am cōtent to take it on me, and to endure the same and noyes of the people, for my good wil toward the kyng, and comfort of you my lordes, and other the kynges counsailers, but the eter¦nall God knoweth all. Well said the kyng, some haue enformed me that my realme was neuer so riche, and that there should neuer trouble haue risen of that demaunde, and that men would pay at the first request, but now I finde all contrary, then euery man helde his peace.

The kyng was sore moued,* 15.82 that his subiectes were 〈◊〉〈◊〉 stirred, and also he was enformed of the deniall, that the spirituall men had made and of their saiynges, wherefore he thought it touched his honoure that his counsaill should attempt, suche a doubtfull matter in his name▪ and to bee denied bothe of the spiritualtie and temporaltie, for although some graunted for feare, before the commissioners, yet when thei wer de∣parted, thei denied it again. Then the kyng saied, I will no more of this

trouble: Let letters bee sent to all shires, that this matter maie no more bee spoken of,* 15.83 I will pardon all theim, that haue denied the demaunde, openly or secretly: Then all the lordes kn••l••d doune, and hartely than∣ked the kyng. Then letters were sent to all commissioners to cease, with instruccions how to declare the kynges pardon. In whiche declaracion, was shewed, that the Cardinal neuer assented, to the first demaunde, and in the instruccions was comprehended, that the lordes and the Iudges, and other of the kynges counsaill, diuised thesame demaunde, and that the Cardinall folowed the mynd of the whole counsaill, these two poyn∣••es were contrary one to another, whiche were well marked. And farther the instruccions were, that at the humble peticion, and suppli••acion of the Cardinall, thesaied greate sommes, whiche were demaunded, by the kynges auchoritie royall, wer clerely pardoned and remitted, wherefore the Commissioners willed the people to praie for the Cardinall: but the people toke all this for a mocke, and saied God saue the Kyng, for the Cardinall is knowen well inough, the commons would heare no praise spoken of the Cardinall, thei hated hym so muche.

The .xix. daie of Maie,* 15.84 the Cardinall sent for the Maior and his bre∣thren, and certain comminers, and made the Maior to ••it doune by hym and then declared, that where the kyng was determined, in proper persō to passe the sea into Fraunce, for whiche cause he asked of the citezens of London, and his other subiectes, an aide toward his charges, to whi∣che request (he saied) that the Londoners wer at all tymes conformable, like louyng subiectes, but sithe the kyng considereth, the greate fall of the Frenche Kyng, whiche is yet prisoner, and that daily he hath suite made to hym for peace, greatly to his honor and profite, for I trust that all his right and title, shalbe to hym deliuered, which thyng once agreed I truste you shall haue peace, and therefore at my 〈◊〉〈◊〉 request, the kyng hath pardoned you, of all the ••••••mes of money, that of you were demaunded: and if his grace had not passed the seas, although the mo∣ney▪ had been gathered, surely it should haue been restored again, and cō∣sequently the kyng thanketh you as ha••tely, as any prince maie thanke his subiectes: and for asmuche as peace▪ is not yet concluded, I counsail you to shewe your selfes, enemies to the Frenchmen, and so saie that you be the kynges,* 15.85 bodie and goodes at his will and pleasure, so that youre louyng myndes towardes hym, maie to the Frenchmen appere, you wot well what I meane saied the Cardinall. Then the Maior and his com∣paignie kneled doun••, and moste hattely thāked the kyng and hym, and so departed. The next daie, all this was rehersed to the cōmon counsail, whiche humbly thanked the kyng for the pardon: but twoo thynges thē sore displeased, one was that the Cardinall bad theim saie, thei were the kynges body and goodes, thei saied that thei vsed no dissimulacion, for thei would not saie thei were the kynges, but thei thought and were the kynges in deede, and not in saiyng: the seconde was, that the Cardinall excused hymself, that he was ignorant of the first cōmission: For all thei

knewe and wer present, when he himself made to them the first mo••ion, & whatsoeuer was saied by the Recorder, in his excuse, was takē as a cloke for the rain, & a d••ssimulacion or a mocke. For wisemen perceiued all the handelyng of the matter: after the kyng had pardoned euery offendour.

The .xxix. daie of Maie the lordes sat in the Starre chamber, and the ••her wer brought one Deuereux, a gentleman of Huntyngdō shire (whi∣che would not suffre the commissioners to sit, as you haue hard) & Ihon Scudder of Kent, these twoo wer brought from the Tower, bare footed in their shirtes through London, to the Starre Chamber, and there the Cardinall shewed theim their offences, with terrible woordes: and after that he shewed the kynges mercie, extended to thē and declared their par¦don and so thei wer deliuered.

The morowe after beyng the .xxx. daie, wer the chief of the rebelles of Suffolke, brought to the Starre chamber barre, and there the Kynges counsaill learned, laied sore to theim their offence, but the Cardinall de∣clared for thē the kynges pardon: then the kynges Attorney, asked suer∣tie for their good aberyng, thei answered that thei could finde none, then saied the Cardinall I will be one, because you be my countrey men, and my lorde of Norffolke will bee another, and so thei were discharged, and had money to bryng them home: Now here is an ende of this commissiō, but not an ende of inward grudge and hatered, that the commons bare to the Cardinall, and to all gentlemen, whiche vehemētly set furth that Commission and demaunde.

In this troubelous season, the vplandishe men of Germany, called the bowres, ••ose in a greate nomber, almoste an hundred thousande, and rebelled against the princes of Germany, of whiche a great nomber wer slain and destroyed.

In Aprill last past, the Tyndale men, with the aide of the Scottes, to the nōber of eight hundred, did daily greate robe••ies in Englande. For to represse this nest of theues wer sent, sir Richard Bulmer, and sir Cri∣stopher Da••res, with a greate compaignie of Englishmen, and to them diuerse men came, and submitted themselfes, but the greate theues kept them in the moūtaignes of Cheuiot, and daily sk••rmished with the En∣glishemen, and could not sone be taken: but after long liyng abrode, thei seuered and many of them wer taken.

In this verie season the Frenchemen, kept a greate nomber of men of warre, at Bullein and there aboute, and the .v. daie of Maie foure hun∣dred horsemen, embushed theimselfes in the Forest of Guysnes, and the same daie .lxxx. horsemen of the Crewe of Guysnes, roade furthe sekyng auentures, the Frenchemen let theim passe, till thei had theim at auaun∣tage, then thei issued out and cried, kill, kill, then Englishemen them va∣liauntly defended▪ almoste twoo houres, but at the last the Frenchemen▪ oppressed theim with multitude, and brake their arraye, and slewe fiftie of them, the remnant saued themselfes: this chaunce was nothyng plea∣sant to the Englishe capitaines. But the Frenchemen wer of su••moun∣ted

by this iorney, that the .xx. daie of Maie, the men of warre of all the garrisons in Picardy, assembled together, and came within the English pale to Aunderne, and so to Calice: the Frenchemen wer of suche nombre that all the Englishe pale was spred ouer: At Baiyngham the Frenche¦men draue awaie the cattell: the Englishemen thought thēselfes to weke to encounter with them, whiche were the whole strength of all Picardy. And so on the Assension daie, there came to Newnam bridge, thr••e hun∣dred horsemen, and there set a stale, but with ordinaunce thei were made to go backe. Then came foure hundred French••••en to the Turne pike, and thei had gotten all the cattell together. The bend of sir Robert Ier∣nyngham, seyng the Frenchemen so nere Calice, set forward not past .lx. horsemen, and thei fiersly set on the Frenchemen, whiche fledde, and thei chased them, and reskued all the cattell, that the Frenchemen had taken, and with greate difficultie, brought them to the Marshe beside Calice.

The .xxviii. daie of Maie .v.C. horsemen, and .xvi.C. footemen, came to a village called Froyton, within the Englishe pale, and many auen∣tured ouer the Water to haue taken all the cattell in the Marrishes, of Hamnes, Guysnes, and Calice, whiche were of greate nomber, but the Frenchemen that made the auenture in the night, wer askried and s••ain al saue two. Then the Frenchemen returned in a great furie, and sware that thei would once robbe the Marrisses or els thei would dye for it, and so returned to Bullein, whether were come of newe, fiue .C. horsmen called Stradiats, whiche fortified wel the Frenche parties, in so muche that thei passed in nomber fiue tymes the Englishmen.

You haue hard before,* 15.86 how the Cardinall suppressed many monaste∣ries, of the whiche one was called Beggam in Sussex, the whiche was verie commodious to the countrey: but so befell the cause, that a riotus compaignie, disguysed and vnknowen, with painted faces and visures, came to thesame Monasterie, and brought with them the Chanons, and put them in their place again, and promised theim that whensoeuer thei rang the bell, that thei would come with a great power, and defende thē. This doyng came to the eare of the kynges counsail, whiche caused the Chanons to be taken, and thei confessed the capitaines, whiche wer em∣prisoned, and sore punished.

The Cardinall aboute this season, by his power Legantyne, sent a Chappelein of his, called Doctor Ihon Alein, a man of more learnyng then vertue, or good conscience, to visite all places religious: this priest roade in his goune of veluet, with a greate trayne, and was receiued in∣to euery Religion with Procession, as though the legate had been there, and toke suche greate sommes for his visitacion, that the religious sore were greued, and murmured muche against it, and in especiall, for thei were charged with greate sommes of money to the kyng, and now this sodain visitacion or ‡predacion,* 15.87 cleane shaued them. The common peo∣ple spake muche against this, and also thei saied, that thē Cardinall by Uisitacions, makyng of Abbottes, probates of testamentes, grauntyng

of faculties, licēses, and other pollynges in his Courtes legantines, had made his threasore egall with the kynges, & yet euery yere he sent greate sommes to Rome: this was their communicacion, euer against the Car∣dinall, and his high aucthoritie, & the spirituall men moste disdained it.

You shall vnderstande, the kyng in his freshe youth, was in the chey∣nes of loue, with a faire damosell called Elizabeth Blount, daughter to sir Ihon Blunt knight, whiche damosell in syngyng, daunsyng, and in all goodly pastymes, exceded all other, by the whiche goodly pastymes, she wan the kynges harte: and she again shewed hym suche fauour, that by hym she bare a goodly manne child, of beautie like to the father and mother. This child was well brought vp, like a Princes child, and whē he was .vi. yere of age, the kyng made hym knight, and called hym lorde Henry Fitz Roy, and on Sondaie beyng the .xviii. daie of Iune, at the Manor or place of Bridewell, thesaied Lorde ledde by twoo Erles, was created Erle of Notynghā, and then he was brought backe again by thesaied twoo Erles: then the Dukes of Norffolke and Suffolk, led hym into the great chamber again and the kyng created hym, Duke of Richemond and Somerset:* 15.88 & thesame daie was the lorde Henry Cour∣tenay Erle of Deuonshire, and cosyn germain to the kyng, was created Marques of Excester, and the lorde Henry Brandon, sonne to the duke of Suffolke and the Frenche Quene the kynges sister, a childe of twoo yere old, was created Erle of Lincolne, and sir Thomas Manners lord Roos, was created Erle of Rutlande, and sir Henry Clifford, was crea∣ted Erle of Cumberlande, and the lorde Fitz Water sir Robert Radclif was created Uiscount Fitz Water, and sir Thomas Bullein, threasorer of the kynges houshold, was created Uiscount Rocheforde, and at those creacions, wer kept greate feastes and disguisynges.

After this the Cardinall toke vpon him, as the kynges chief counsai∣ler, to••e a reformacion in the ordre of the kynges houshode, wherein he made certain ordinaunces. He also made all newe officers in the house of the Duke of Richemond, whiche was then newly begon: Also at that tyme he ordeined a coūsaill, and stablished another houshold, for the la∣die Mary, then beyng Princes of the realme, so that all thyng that was d••en, was doen by hym, and without his assent, nothyng was doen: he tooke so muche vpon hym, and made the Kyng beleue, that all thynges should be to his honor, and that he neded not to take any pain, so that to hym was the charge of all thynges committed, at the whiche wise menne becked, and light men laughed, thynkyng great foly in his high presūp∣cion. And at this tyme, thesaied Cardinall gaue to the kyng, the lease of the Manor of Hampton Court, whiche he had of the lease of the lord of Sainct Ihones, and on whiche he had doen greate coste. Therefore the kyng of his gētle nature, licensed hym to lie in his Manor of Richemōd at his pleasure, and so he laie there at certain tymes: but when the com∣mon people, and in especiall suche, as had been kyng Henry the seuēthes seruauntes, sawe the Cardinal kepe house in the Manor royal of Rich∣mond,

whiche kyng Henry the seuenth, so highly estemed it, was a mar∣uell to here, how thei grudged and saied, see a Bochers dogge lye in the Manor of Richemond: these with many approbrious wordes, were spo∣ken against the Cardinall, whose pride was so high that the nothyng re∣garded, and yet was he hated so moste men.

In this season the Frenche kynges mother, Regent of Fraunce, and the three estates of the realme, assembled together, concernyng the estate of their realme: First, thei sent a solēpne Ambassador or themperor, with articles (as thei thought resonable) for y^e deliueraūce of the Frēch kyng and also for a peace, thei sent also a messenger to the kyng of Englande, for a saueconduite for an Ambassadour, to be sent into Englande, for a treatie of peace, whiche to the messenger, was graunted and diliuered.

Then came ouer as Ambassadour from Fraunce, Ihon Iokyn now called Monsire de Uaux, whiche as you haue hard in the last yere, was kept secret in Master Larkes house, and when he came into Englande, he was welcomed of the Cardinall, and there betwene theim were suche communicacions, that at the sute of thesaied Ihon Iokyn, a truce was concluded, from the .xiii. daie of Iuly for fortie daies, betwene England and Fraunce, bothe on the sea and beyonde the sea. Full well wist Ihon Iokyn, what he meant, when he desired peace for fortie daies, for in that season the Pikardes, might haue a quiet haruest, to cary in their Corne, whiche thei should not haue, if the garrisōs of Calice and Guysnes: and other within the Englishe pale, had not been restreined from warre, and also the Fishermen of Depe, Bullein, and Traiport, had quiete fi••hyng, by this truce, for the nauie of Englāde, was come home to harborough, this truce greued the menne of warre on bothe parties, it was so sodain that thei wist not well what to do.

When the Flemynges hard tell of truce, and that thei were not com∣prehended in thesame, thei began to rayle and said, that the kyng 〈◊〉〈◊〉 En∣glande▪ had not doen truly with thē, to take a truce without their know∣lege: the Englishemen answered, that thei had no Ambassadour in En∣glande, and if that thei had had any, thei should haue been made priuie, but the kyng would sende theim no woorde of his affaires, if thei would not sende to knowe, for he ought their master, nor y••t them suche seruice.

The Frenchemen in this season, enterprised to enter into Flaunders, by Newe dike, but thei were manfully defended by the Flemynges, and because the Frenchemen passed by the Englishe pale, and had nothyng doen to them, the Flemynges wer sore displeased, with the Engl••shemen of Calice.

In the latter ende of Iuly came into Englande, Monsire Bryond chief President of Roan, and was brought to the Cardinalles presence, at the Manor of Richemond, and when his Commission was shewed, 〈◊〉〈◊〉 was doubted whether the aucthoritie wer sufficiēt, because the▪ ky••g his Master was prisoner in Spain: but then he shewed aucthoritie geuen to the Lady Regent, and certain nobles of the realme of Fraunce, by the

Frenche kyng in open Parliament, before his goyng into Italy for all thynges that ••id or mighte concerne his Realme, duryng his absence. When the Commission was thought reasonable, then was rehersed to the Frenchemen their double••es, their vnstedfastnes, and how thei had behaued theimselfes toward the kyng of Englande: then thei answered if wee haue offended▪ you haue vs punished, for you haue br••nt our tou∣nes, slain our people, destroyed our countrey, so that you haue brought the lowe parties, to a long miserie without recouery, and therefore sithe we be the lesers for our offence, yet we sue for peace, least we be more pu∣nished. After long consult••cion, thei offered many offers: first, to pay all suche sommes of money as wer due, bothe for the yerely tribute, and also for the citee of Turnay, and the Frenche Quenes dowar, and farther to recompence the kyng o•• Englande his expences doen in the warres.

Duryng this treatie, woorde was brought to the kyng of Englande, that there was a truce so••ainly concluded, betwene the realme of Fraūce and the ••adie Margaret, Duches of Sauoy, and Gouerner of Flaun∣de••s and the lowe countreis, for the space of .v. monethes, so that no ••n∣tercourse should be betwene them for merchantes, but by saueconduite, and that this Proclamacion was proclamed at sainct Omers, the ••irste daie of August, ••herupon the kyng was contented, that a peace should bee taken from the .xiiii. daie of August, to the firste daie of December, whiche was proclamed in London: and by this truce euery Englishemā without sauecondute, might passe into Fraunce, & thei likewise into En∣gland. When this truce was proclaymed, the people 〈◊〉〈◊〉 & said, now hath the Frenchemen gotten their fishyng quictly, and if thei had been kept from that, thei had been vndoen▪ and so with ••aire wordes thei helpe themselfes, whiche 〈◊〉〈◊〉 we haue warre again, shall hurte vs, for this Herryng shall vitaill their tounes the next yere. This the common peo∣ple talked, but it was to no purpose.

This yere the kyng sent Docter Henry Standishe,* 15.89 Bishop of sainct Asse, & sir Ihon Baker knight into the realme of Denmarke, to comen and entreate with the nobles of the Countery for the reduccion of kyng Cristierne, to his realme, Croune, and dignitie, but all that could be said or perswaded, could not bryng the Danes to any reson, thei hated hym so for his greate crueltie, and in especiall for the greate tiranny that he committed at Stokeholme in Swethen, where he desired a greate nom∣ber of his nobles to a banket, and after the bāket, strake of their heddes. When the Ambassadours of Englande sawe that thei could not bryng hym in again: thei then began to require, that his sonne might haue the croune and dominion, whiche neuer them offended, and was of progeny borne of lady Isabell, sister to the Emperor Charles the .v. whiche also made greate labor and instaunce for thesame: but the Danes answered thei would none of his procreacion, for thei said, the sonne would folow the father, or els at the least he would reuenge his fathers wrong, and so with this answere thei departed.

So muche did the Ambassadors of Fraunce, bothe by offers and en∣treatyes, that the kyng of England and his counsaill, did condiscende to a peace, and the more soner because thei sawe if warre should continue, money must be demaunded of the cōmons, whiche had leuer rebell then pay any more money, as you haue hard in the last yere. Whē peace was concluded, then were Proclamacions of thesame, sent to euery citee and good toune, and the .viii. daye of September, thys peace was proclay∣med solemply with a Trumpet through the citee of London, the effecte wherof was, that vpon humble suite and large profers, made by the la∣dy Regent of Fraunce, & the three estates of the same, a peace, league, & amitie was concluded, betwene bothe the kynges of England & Fraūce, and their countreys and subiectes, so that the subiectes of either realme maie lawfully passe and repasse, into the others realme and dominions, to bye and sell frankely and frely, without let or interrupcion, and that this league in no wise, was a breche of the league taken wyth the Em∣peror and the lady Margaret, gouernesse of Flaunders in no point, but that thesaied Emperour and lady Margaret, and all other the kynges old and auncient confederates and alies, wer comprehended in thesame, and for due restitucion to be made to the Frēchmen, there was appoync∣ted the reuerende father, Cutberd bishop of Lōdon, and forrestitucion to be made to the Englishemē, was appoynted the chief Presidēt of Roan.

And on the .xi. daie of September, was a truce proclamed in Spain, in the toune of Uale Dolito, betwene themperor and the Frenche kyng, from that daie to the ende of December next ensuyng, at whiche time the Emperor had not seen the Frenche kyng, whiche was conueighed by sea out of Italy into Spain, to a Castle called Madrill, and there remay∣gned: and shortly after fell sore sicke, and was in greate ieoperdy, for the whiche the Frēchmen cared litle, for thei saied that if he died, thei should paie no raunsome, and then their realme shoulde be quiet.

This peace betwene England and Fraunce, nothing pleased the Fle∣mynges, wherefore when thei had dronke well, thei spake largely, and bosted how thei had victailed the English armies, and found them car∣tes and cariages, and thought it not kyndly doen, to refuse them as old frendes & make peace wyth old enemies, but thei did not considre what money the Englishemen left in their countrey, nor how the Frenchmen for dred of the Englishemen, would not inuade Flaunders, so that thei lyued quietly, all this thei considered not.

In thesame moneth this peace was proclamed, in Paris, Liōs, Roan and Amias: by this peace the kyng of Englande, should receiue at cer∣tain daies .xx. hundred thousande Crounes, whiche then was foure hun∣dred thousand pound sterlyng, of the whiche one paiment of fiftie thou∣sande pounde was paied in hande. After this peace taken, all the men of warre, that were aboute the retinue of Calice, Hammes, and Guysnes, we called home, and the shippes brought into the hauens, and many a Kreker wist not how to lyue.

In the moneth of October wer sent into Fraunce, sir Willyam Fitz-Willyam Threasorer of the kynges house, and docter Tayllor, as Am∣bassadors from the kyng of England, & wer receiued through Fraunce very honorably, and by long iorneis at the last, came to the citie of Liōs the .xxiiii. daie of Nouember, where to them wer presented, Wine, Fishe, Fleshe, and Ware, and thei wer visited with diuerse noble men. And on the .xxvi. daie thei were conueighed to the Courte by twoo Erles, and at the gate receiued with twoo Cardinalles, and so brought to the lady re∣gent, whiche with muche honor theim receiued, and then thei deliuered the kynges letters, whiche she tooke in greate reuerence, and so with her counsaill, departed into her priuie chamber, and there taried almost two houres, and then came out again, to whom Docter Tailor made an elo∣quent Oracion in Latin, of the commodities of peace, and declared that the kyng his Master for very loue, and not for no dred nor nede did cō∣discend to peace. To whom the bishop of Besanson, Chaunceller to the Lady Regent made answere, and that doen, the Ambassadors were fea∣sted, and serued with men of greate estate, and after that thei wer conuei∣ghed to their lodgynges.

And on Sondaie next ensuyng, the Ambassadors wer conueighed to the Courte,* 15.90 and from thence the lady Regent and all the Court, rode so∣lemply to the Cathedrall churche of Lions, and there a Cardinall sang a solempne Masse, and after that Masse was dooen, the Lady Regent toke the twoo Ambassadors, the one on the right hande▪ and the other on the left hande, and so went vp to the high aultar, and there she laied her hande on the Canon and Crucifix of the Masse boke, and there sware to obserue, fulfill, and kepe, all the articles and agrementes, concluded in the league and treatie of peace, by her commissioners. And whē this was doen, the bishop of Bisanson made an eloquent sermon, takyng for his antitheme. Quis est homo qui uult uitam, diligit dies uidere bonos, Inquire pacem. &c. In this sermon he muche praised the kyng of Englāde, whiche assented to peace and lauded the Cardinall, whom he called the Legate of God, for coun∣sailyng hym to peace: for now was Fraūce free, and aall hostilitie seased, and when this sermon was doen, Te deum was song, and then the Trum∣pettes blewe, and all other instrumentes Musaicall, and then the Lady Regent, with all her trayne returned to the palace, & there were the Am∣bassadors highly feasted, and then sir Willyam Fitz Willyam toke his leaue, and came shortly into Englande, leauyng behynde hym Doctor Tayler, whiche taried there till the Frenche kyng was deliuered.

When the articles of peace, wer knowen to themperor and his coun∣saill, full well wist thei that the kyng of Englande now would be frend to the Frenche kyng, wherefore he and his subiectes, shewed themselfes more straunge and vnkynde to the Englishemen, then thei had been ac∣customed. In somuche that the Englishe merchauntes, put vp a suppli∣cacion to the Emperor, shewyng hym how their goodes were taken, by letters of Marke, their shippes restrained, newe imposicions taken of

theim, and moste of all thei complained, that by an acte made in Spain called Premetica whiche ordeineth that euery cloth, should bee of a certain nomber of thredes, the clothes of Englande there could not bee solde, to the great hynderaunce of the Englishe Merchauntes: For the clothiers of England, knowe not the nomber appoynted by the statute, and when thei make cloth, thei knowe not to what countrey that cloth shalbe sold, of these thynges the Englishe Merchauntes desired a redresse.

At a daie appoynted the Englishmen had an answere deliuered them in writyng, conteignyng certain articles. The firste, if any wronges bee [ 1] dooen vnto you, our Iustice is open in euery place. The second, as tou∣chyng [ 2] letters of Marke, we will be auised by our counsaill. The third, [ 3] as touchyng your shippes, we frely graunt that you shal haue our frēd¦ship liberally, so that with your awne shippes and goodes, you maie go at youre pleasure, passyng or makyng abode. And as touchyng custo∣mes, [ 4] or Imposicions of newe: The accident maie cause vs so to doo, but that shalbee in suspence. And finally as touchyng our Premetica, made by [ 5] the lordes of our counsaill, and by vs affirmed, wee will not breake, but wee will suffre to the intent that you Englishe Mer••hauntes, maie bryng true and well made clothe, for the whiche you shall bee the better welcome: this was the very answere that the Englishe Merchauntes had, of the Emperor and his counsaill.

In this Wynter was greate death in London, wherefore the Terme was adiorned, and the king for to eschew the plague, kept his Chrstmas at Eltham with a small nomber, for no manne might come thether, but suche as wer appoynted by name: this Christmas in the kynges house, was called the still Christmas. But the Cardinall in this sea••on, laye at the Manor of Richemond, and there kept open housholde, to lordes, la∣dies, and all other that would come, with plaies and disguisyng in most royall maner: whiche sore greued the people, and in especial the kynges seruauntes, to se hym kepe an open Court, and the kyng a secret Court.

The Cardinall came to Eltham the .viii. daie of Ianuary, and taried there till the .xxii. daie. In whiche season the Cardinall, and other of the kynges coūsaill, sat for a direccion to be taken in the kynges house, and first it was considered, that the greate nomber of the yomen of the gard were very chargeable, and that there were many officers farre striken in age: whiche had seruauntes in the Courte, and so the kyng was serued with their seruauntes, and not with his awne seruauntes, whiche was thought not conuenient Wherfore first the officers seruauntes, wer put out of the Courte, and many old officers were put to liue in their coun∣treys, but the kyng of his bountie enhaunsed their liuynges, for he that had three pound wages, had sixe pound annuitie, without attendaunce, and he that had .xl.s. had foure pound, and so euery man after that rate, and young menne were put in their romes. Then was there .lxiiii. of the gard, whiche had .xii.d. the daie checked, put out of that wages, and thei had .vi.d. a daie vnchecked, and should dwell in their countreys & come

not at the court, til thei wer sent for except it wer for suites: in the whiche the Cardinall promised thē, to be their helper: Alas what sorowe, & what lamentacion was made, when all these persones should depart the court Some saied that poore seruauntes wer vndoen and must steale: Some saied that thei wer found of the reuercions of the officers seruice, so that for them was nothyng more set out at the bres••er, and it was greate cha∣rit•••• to ••ynde them. Other saied that the yomen of the gard, whiche were put out, wer now not able to fynde themselfes and their horse, to doo the Kyng seruice. Other saied, that now thei would polle and pill in their countreys, & oppresse the poore people, thus euery anm had his saiyng.

At this season the Cardinall made many ordin linces, concernyng the kynges house, whiche bee at this daie called the statutes of Eltham, the whiche some saied wer more profitable then honor••ble.

This monethe of Ianuary was a peace concluded, betwene the real∣mes of England and Scotlande, for three yeres and sixe monethes, of the whiche the Scottes wer very glad, and especially the borderers, for thei wer sore hurt by this warre.

This yere the kyng on Shrouetewesdaie, kept a solempne Iustes at his Manour of Grenewiche, he hymself and .xi. wer on the one part, and the Marques of Excester with .xi. were on the other parte: the Kynges barde and base and all his bende, wer of cloth of gold and siluer, richely embraudered, with a mannes harte in a presse, with f••ames about it, and in letters were written, Declare le nose, in Englishe, Declare I dare not, the Marques and his bend wer in Grene Ueluet, & c••mosyn sattyn embro∣••ered with hartes burnyng, and ouer euery hatte a Ladies haned com∣myng out of a cloude, holdyng a garden water pot, whiche dropped sil∣uer droppes on the harte:* 15.91 At this Iustes was many a spere broken, and by chaunce of shiueryng of the spere, sir Frances Brian lost one of his ••yes. After these Iustes, the kyng made to the Quene, and lordes and la∣dies a costly banket, and did seruice to the Quene, and ladies hymself.

In the monethe of February the .xi. daie beyng Sondaie, the Cardi∣nall with greate pompe, came to the Cathedrall Churche of Paules, on whom Bi••••oppes, Abbottes, and a great nomber of doctors, gaue their atten••aunce and there he sat in pont••••••calibus, vnder his cloth of estate 〈…〉〈…〉 c••othe of Golde: and there on Frier Barnes a Frier Augustyne 〈…〉〈…〉* 15.92 for certain poyntes of heresie, as the Bishoppes saied: and twoo Merchauntes of the Stilierd bare fagottes, for eatyng fleshe on •• Fridaie▪ and there the bishop of Rochester Doctor Fisher, made a ser∣mon reprouyng Martin Luthers opiniō, a Frier of Germany, whiche wrote against the power of the Bishoppe of Rome, and in his sermon he spake so muche honor of the Pope and his Cardinalles, and of their di∣gnitie and prehenminence, that he forgat to speake any thyng of the Gos∣pell, whiche he toke in hand to declare, whiche sermō was muche praised o•• the Cardinall and bishoppes, wherefore the Cardinall gaue to all the people his benediccion, and then departed.

All this yere was continuall suite made to the Emperor and his coū∣sail, by the Lady Regent of Fraunce, and all the realme there, for the de∣liueraunce of Frances the Frenche kyng, and after many communicaci∣ons whiche toke none effect, was sent into Spain of Ambassade, the no∣ble lady Margaret, late duches of Alaunson, sister to the French kyng, with a greate compaignie of nobles and honorable personages. Them∣peror Charles met thesaied lady in the Market place of the cite of To∣leto, and her right hartely welcomed, and after that the Duches and her compaignie, had refused to agree to certain articles, whiche the Frenche kyng had offered hymself, thesaied Duches had license of the Emperor, to go to Madrill, where the Frenche kyng was kepte as prisoner, and there to knowe his mynd. When she was there, she & other diuised suche a waie, that the Frenche kyng should haue scaped, and poste horses wer laied euery where: this was not so secrete,* 15.93 but the Emperor was thereof, enformed, and toke certain Frenchemen, whiche confessed how all thyn∣ges should haue been brought to passe. The Duches of Alaunson hea∣ryng that this priuitie was opened, on post horses with all spede retur∣ned into Fraunce, leuyng the whole matter at large.

But for all this the lordes of Fraunce, ceased not daily to sue, for the deliueraunce of their souereigne lorde, and at last to the Emperor was deliuered a boke for the Frenche kynges deliueraunce, for the Emperor saied he would nothyng demaund of hym, for hauyng hym he had more then he could geue hym. Then the Frenche kyng and his counsaill, offe∣red a boke conteignyng many articles to the Emperoure: and when the Emperor had well vnderstande the contentes of thesame, he saied to the Frenche Ambassadors, is this the full will and agrement of your Ma∣ster, thei answered yea: well saied the Emperor, if this be his awne offre, I truste that he will kepe it. Then themperor thought best to bryng the Frenche kyng to more libertie, and to visite hym hymself, whiche he had not doen but in the tyme of his sickenes. Where the .xiiii. daie of Febru∣ary, the Emperor accompaignied with the greate Constable of Fraūce, the Duke of Enphantaso, the Duke of Ciuill, the Duke of Nas••o, the Duke of Aluoy, the Duke of Alberkirke, the Duke of Medena, the Duke of Massedonia, the Marques of Aguler, the Marques Uillas••ā¦ea, the Marques of Sturgus, the Erle of Barselona, the Erle of Boni∣uent, the Erle of Ieniuer, the Erle of Salenas, the Erle of Arrowffe, the Erle of Saluator, and .xii. Bishoppes, and a greate nomber of nobles, came to the castle of Madrill, to whom was the Frenche kyng brought with a noble repaire, to whom the Emperor made lo reuerence, and de∣clared to hym how all victories, consist in the hande of God, and where greate debate, warre, and strief, had lond continued betwene thē, he said it was the very hādy worke of God, to deliuer hym to captiuitie, so that by his restaint of libertie, a generall peace should be cōcluded through all Christendome, and now sithe you haue offered vs reasonable con••i∣cions, we entendyng not your punishement, nor restraint of your libertie

haue gently rece••ued your offers, signed with your awne hande, whiche all your nobles shall heare redde.

[ 1] In primis, the Frenche kyng sware to kepe peace, bothe by land and by water with the Emperor and his subiectes, of all landes, territories, or dominions, belongyng to the Emperor or the Empire.

[ 2] Item, thesaied Frenche kyng clerely renounced, all the right, title▪ or interest whiche he had or pretended, to the realme of Naples, or the kyn∣gdome of Scicile.

[ 3] Item, thesaied Frenche kyng clerely renounced his right and title, to the Duchie of Millain, and the Conntie of Ast.

[ 4] Item, thesame kyng surrendered into themperors handes, the whole Duchie of Burgoyn, the Countie Charoloys, with all castles and lord∣shippes apperteinyng to thesame, with all maner of souereigntie, apper¦teignyng to the croune of Fraunce by reason of thesame.

[ 5] Item, thesaied kyng surrendered & relased, all the souereignetie whi∣che he claimed of the Counties of Flaunders and Arthoys, and thother lowe countreis, so that thei from thence furthe, should neuer sue to any Parliament of Fraunce by appele, or resorte, the Counties of Guysnes, Arde, and Bullonoys alwaie except.

[ 6] Itē, he released all the right & title, that he had to the citee of Tour∣nay and Turnesyns, and to the tounes of Hedyng and Arras, with all Castles and dominions apperteignyng to thesame, with the title of the souereignetie and resort of thesame, to the Parliamentes of Fraunce.

[ 7] Item, he sware and promised, neuer to helpe or aide the Lorde Dal∣brethe, called the kyng of Nauerr by couyn or other wise, against them∣peror or his heires nor successors.

[ 8] Item, that he nor none other by his assent, should maintein, aide or cō¦fort Charles Duke of Geldres, nor maintein sir Robert de la Marche, by no meanes against the Emperor, or his countreys, or dominions.

[ 9] Item, he promised at his awne costes and charges, to finde fiue hun∣dred men of armes, and tenne thousande, footemen, to do the Emperour seruice, whensoeuer that he toke his iorney toward Rome, for the obtei∣gnyng of his croune and sceprer Imperiall, and to paie their wages for sixe monethes.

[ 10] Ite, he promised to be enemie to all persones, whiche would go about or entend in any wise, to let or di••••urbe thesaied iorney to Rome.

[ 11] Item, he promised to discharge the Emperor against the kyng of En∣glande, for the so••me of twoo hundred thousande Crounes, whiche he ought then to the kyng of Englande, and to deliuer the Emperor a sure acquitaunce for thesame, whiche amounteth in starlyng money .••l.M.l.

[ 12] Item, he released all the pencions, whiche he claimed of the realmes of Naples & Scicile, whiche was yerely a hundred thousand dukattes.

[ 13] Item, for the surer performaunce of all these articles, it was agreed th••t the Frenche kyng should at his departyng▪ deliuer into the Empe∣rors handes, the Dolphin of Uien, and Henry Duke of Orleaunce, his

twoo elder sonnes, whiche should remain in Spain, till that all these ar∣ticles wer performed: and if after he came into his realme, the three esta∣tes of Fraunce, would not condiscend and agree to these articles, which he had offered and sworne, then he should shortly come again into spain, and yeld hymself prisoner again, and his children then to be redeliuered into Fraunce.

Item, for the more fortificacion of this concorde, and for the more a∣mitie [ 14] to be had betwene the twoo princes and their realmes, the Empe∣ror offered in mariage to the Frenche kyng, the noble princes lady Eli∣nor late Quene of Portyngall, with a greate dowar, and offered to hym with her in mariage three faire lordeshippes, called Ansames, Macono∣yes, and Barsur, the whiche the Frenche kyng ioyfully accepted: But this offre was condicionally, so that the whole agrement toke effecte, or els not. Some saied as you heard before, that the Frenche Quene was poysoned for this intent: but euill tongues neuer saied well. To al these articles and many mo, the Frenche kyng sware before the Emperor, and all his nobles the .xiiii. daie of February.

In the tyme of this entreatie came into Spayne, Charles Duke of Burbon whiche appeled the Frenche kyng, that he contrary to al right and Iustice, had procured and imagened, the death and destruccion of thesaied Duke without any cause, but onely to possede his soueraigne∣ties and dominions, by reason whereof, thesaied Duke was compelled to liue in exile, out of his countrey, and that the Regent of Fraunce, con∣trary to Iustice had proclaimed hym a traitor, and seazed all his goods and landes, wherefore he desired that the Frenche kyng, might to hym make a condigne recompence: to whom the Emperour answered, that a prisoner might not bee appeled: but yet for his good seruice, the Empe∣ror did so muche, that an article was concluded, that the duke of Burbō should bee restored to his firste title, state, honor, and dignitie, and to all his other Duches, Counties, seigniories, and Dominions, and there the Frenche kyng frely pardoned to hym al offences, and sware that al pro∣ces, proclamacions, impeticions, had or dooen against hym should bee voyde, annulled and repeled, and farther the Frenche kyng, in recōpence of al wronges doen to him, and for the restitucion of his goodes, promi∣sed and sware to paie thesame duke .CC. thousande crounes, with al the rentes, and profites receiued of the landes of thesaied duke, in the tyme of his exile. When all these articles wer concluded, sworne, and appoyn∣ted, the Emperour iudged that the Frenche kyng, would neuer loue the Duke of Burbon, and that by some newe found faute, or by some priuy enemie, he might bee brought to confusion: wherefore of his noble libe∣ralitie, consideryng the good seruice that the duke had doen to hym, and might do if he were of possessions and dominions, gaue vnto the Duke the whole Duchie of Millain, so that thesaied duke should finde yerely foure thousande footemen, and fiue hundred men of armes, and paie to the Emperor yerely foure thousande Ducates, but he neuer obteigned

the possession, for lacke of the inuesture or creacion: Also the Emperoure gaue to the Uiceroy of Naples, the Duchie of Boysee, and the Countie of Ast, and many greate rewardes for his good seruice.

This peace thus concluded betwene the Empe••our and the Frenche kyng, was openly proclaimed through all Spain, Fraunce, Flaunders and the Emperours dominions, whereof their subiectes were glad, and made fiers & triumphes through all their countreys. The kyng of En∣glande like wise, whiche was included in thesame League, was very g••ad of the peace, and caused the Cardinall and all the nobles and pre∣lates, to assemble at the Cathedrall Churche of saincte Paule, and there was Te deum song, and the Cardinall gaue benediccion to all the people, and that night ••ites was made through all London. The common peo∣ple said as thei thought: some saied the peace was honorable to the Em∣peroure, and other saied, the Frenche kyng would not kepe his promise, when he was once deliuered, and so it proued.

The kyng of England hearyng that y^e Frenche kyng was at a poynt to be deliue••ed, sēt a knight of his chamber, called sir Thomas Cheyney, to the French kyng, ce••tefiyng him of the great gladnes y^e he ha•• of his deliuery, & also the cōfort that he had for the conclusion of peace: of whi∣che kynd remembraunce, the French kyng muche reioysed. The French kyng toke his leaue of themperor, & toke his iorney into Fraunce ward, and came to Uictoria, in whiche season the fame went, that the Dolphin whiche should haue been deliuered, as one of the hostages for the Frēch Kyng his father was disseased, and so the Frenche Kyng was staied for xv. daies, till the truth was knowen: other saied that the cause was that there wer betwene Fontrabie and Bayon .xxx.M. men, and doubted lest if he had been brought doune to Foūtraby, he might haue been rescued: but whatsoeuer the cause was, he was restraigned as you haue harde.

And at the last when the daie came of his diliuery,* 15.94 and he was discre∣tely moued, that he should not speake to his children, for feare that la∣mentacion and sorowe might in suche wise rise, that hurte might ensue of it. Whē the daie was come that he should be deliuered, there was be∣twene the borders of Fraunce and Spain, a Lake of no great depenes, in the middes whereof was laied a greate emptie boate at an anker, and at euery shore was another boate, and when the French kyng was come to the banke, he entered the boate on the Spanishe side, and sixe Spa∣niardes with hym, and like wise on the Frenche part the twoo Princes sonnes to the Frenche kyng, entered the other boate and sixe Frenchmen with them, and so bothe the boates came to the boat liyng in the middes, the Frenche kyng entered at the one ende, and his children at the other, and passed through the great boate, and euen in the middest of the boate thei met, and he with his hande blessed theim, without speakyng of any wordes, but sadly regarded theim, and so he entered into the boate with the Frenchemen, and his children into the boate with Spaniardes, and eche of them were shortly at the shore, and mounted on horsebacke, and

the Frenche kyng rode to Bayon, where he was nobely receiued, almost of all the nobles in the realme, and in especiall of his mother: and his .ii. children were 〈◊〉〈◊〉 to Fountraby and so vpward, and were well cherished in all thynges, by the great Constable of Spain and his wife.

Thus was Frances the Frenche kyng, cōueighed into his realme the xxi. daie of Marche, whiche was taken the .xxiiii. daie of February, the yere last past.

After that themperor had concluded, & taken his leaue of the Frenche kyng, he rode to the faire citee of Ciuill, and there he with greate triūph maried lady Isabell, daughter to kyng Emanuell of Portyngall,* 15.95 with whom he had greate threasures and sommes of money, and great frend∣ship of the Portyngalles, for he had .xi. hundred thousande Ducates with her mariage. When this mariage was knowen in Englande, the Englishemen sore murmured, that the Emperor beyng at Wynsore, in the .xiiii. yere of the king, had faithfully promised to mary, the lady Ma∣ry, daughter to the Kyng of Englande. But for a verie truthe the Em∣peroures counsaill was not content with the answere made to Monsire de Beuers the last yere, and so counsailed the Emperour, not to tary for the lady Mary whiche was young: and also thei saied that she was be∣gotten of the kyng of Englande by his brothers wife. And also an acte was made in Spain, that he should not depart the countrey, till he had issue. All these thynges were laied to hym, whiche caused hym to encline to mariage, and seyng the great offer that the kyng of Portyngal made to hym, he was there to agreyng, and so maried the lady Isabell, sister to kyng Ihon of Portyngall.

¶The .xviii. yere.

THE .xxviii. daie of Aprill,* 15.96 in the beginnyng of this .xviii. yere, came to the Court to Grenewiche, Monsire Brenion chief president of Roan, & Ihon Iokyn now called Mon∣sire de Uaux, whiche President of Roan, before the Kyng sette in a Throne, and accompaignied with all his nobles, and the Ambassadors of Rome, of the Emperor, of Uenice, and Florēce beyng there present, made in the Latyn toungue a solempne oracion, the effect wherof was that he shewed,* 15.97 how dredfull the warres had been be∣twene the realmes of Englande & Fraunce, what greate losse the realme of Fraunce, had susteigned by thesaied warres: He declared farther of what power the kyng of Englande was of and what conquest he might haue made in Fraunce, the kyng beyng prisoner, & knowleged the kyng of Englandes right in the warres, and their wronges, where he humbly thanked hym of his pitie and cōpassion that he had on them in their ne∣ccss••••••e and a••••••ic••ion, that he would concent to peace. To this Oracion the Chan••eller of the Duchie of Lancastre, by name sir Thomas More made answere saiyng: that it muche reioysed the kyng, that thei first cō∣sidered, how by his power he might haue oppressed, and how by his pi∣••ie

he had releued them: wherefore the would here after that for kindnes, thei should shewe hym none vnkindnes, but inuiolatly to kepe that lea∣gue whiche was concluded.

The next daie after beeyng Sondaie,* 15.98 the Cardinall song a solempne Masse, in the kynges chapell of Grenewiche, and after Masse the kyng sware before the Frenche Ambassadors, the foure Ambassadors aboue rehersed beyng present, that he should kepe the peace and league conclu∣ded, betwene hym and his brother and perpetuall alie the French kyng, duryng his life and a yere after, and after Masse to all Ambassadoures was made a greate feast.

In the moneth of Maie was a proclamaciō made, against al vnlaw∣full games, accordyng to the statutes made in this behalf, & commissiōs a warded into euery shire, for the execucion of thesame, so that in all pla∣ces, Tables, Dice, Cardes, and Boules, wer taken and brent. Wherfore the people murmured against the Cardinall▪ saiyug: that he grudged at euery mannes pleasure, sauyng his awne, but this Proclamacion small tyme endured: and when young men were forbidden Boules, and suche other games: some fell to drinkyng, and some to ferettyng of other meu∣••es Conies, and stealyng of Dere in Parkes, and other vnthriftines.

Because al this Sommer the Kyng tooke his pastyme in huntyng, and nothyng happened worthye to bee written of: I will returne to the Frenche kyng, now comen again into his realme.

When he was at Paris he saied and wrote to the Emperour, that he would obserue & kepe his promises in euery point, but what he thought I will not iudge: For shortly after he set ••urth a boke, called the appol∣logie or defence against the conuencion or agrement made betwene the Emperor and hym at Madrill, allegyng that he was cōpelled to make that agrement, or els he should neuer haue been diliuered: He alleged farther that the Lawers of his realme clerely determined, all promises and couenauntes made by any persone to his awne hurt, with hym that is more of power then he to be made by compulsiō, and so of none effect and not to be performed. He also saied that the gouernors of the Lawe, determined that no othe or promise is of any effecte, where a manne is in ieoperdie of life, or of perpetuall imprisonement or bondage, and moste in especiall when it is doen by compulsion or thretenyng.Moreouer he saied that he might geue awaie nothyng apperteignyng to his Croune, without thassent of his peeres, and the three estates of his realme (to the whiche he was sworne at the time of his Coronaciō, whiche would ther∣to in no wise assent, and therfore he saied that his othe and promes was voyd, and so he declared to the Uiceroy of Naples, beyng then with him as Ambassadour for the Emperor, and offered for his raunsome to paye asmuche money as euer Frenche kyng paied, with diuerse other articles of newe diuised.

When these articles came to the Emperor, he them refused and saied, that he had desired nothyng impossible of the Frenche Kyng, and if he

might not or would noy kepe, the appoyntemēt betwene theun made, yet he bad hym kepe that poynt of couenaunt, whiche onely depended in his will, that was that he should yelde hymself prisoner againe, and so he should haue his children deliuered: and then he would reasonably com∣men with hym, of newe articles of agrement, and as to he appollegie set furthe by the Frenche kyng, that his othe and promesse was voyde, and made by compulsion and threatenyng, it was answered by another boke called the Refutacion or Ouercommyng of the apollogie, of the conuē∣ncion of Madrill. Whiche twoo woorkes were so eloquently set furth, with suche and so many perswacions and allegacions, bothe on the one part and the other, that it would comber a wise man (except he were per∣fectly indifferent) to iudge to whiche parte he should moste encline, and geue credence, therefore I leaue it at large.

After that the Frenche kyng was deliuered, and the peace concluded, the Emperor was fully determined to passe the seas into Italy, and so to Rome, and there to be crouned Emperor, wherof hearyng the bishop of Rome, called Pope Clement the seuenth, a man of great wit and vice, and of litle vertue or learnyng: much doubted in hymself what damage might come to hym, if the emperor had bothe Naples, Scicill, and the Duchie of Millain, and also wer crouned Emperor. Wherefore he sent to the Uenicians, and to the Florētines, and to Fraunces Sforce duke of Millain, whiche had committed treason against themperor, and was depriued by iudgeme••t of his name & dignitie, and thesame geuen to the Duke of Burbon, but yet by power he kept muche of the possession: and declared to them, by what puyssaunce the Emperor would come into I∣taly, and what greate possessions he▪ had there, at euery ende of Italy, so that if he wer once crouned Emperor, he would loke to haue the seigni∣orie of all Italy: wherefore thei consulted and debated for their awne suretie, how to banishe him and his all Italy by power: and as thei wer debatyng of this matter, thei hard worde how the French kyng was re∣turned into Fraunce, and sought all waies and meanes, how to breake with the Emperour. When thei sawe so open an accion offered to theim, with al diligence thei sent their seuerall Ambassadors, that is to saie, the Pope twain, the duke of Uenice called Andrew Gritty, one (whiche was his secretorie) and the Florentynes one, and the Duke of Millaine one, these fiue Ambassadours came to the Frenche Kyng, and delcared what ioye and gladnes their masters had of his safe returne into his realme, and then thei shewed to him how thei by the Bishop of Romes exhorta∣cion had diuised a league, whiche should set a perpetuall peace betwene all princes Christen, and for the more expedicion, thei had set furth and agreed vpō articles, for the whole league. When the Frenche kyng saw the articles it was as he would haue it, for he thought by the whole po∣wer of the confederates, his children should be deliuered, & he yet again once to haue a medelyng in Italy: wherefore with greate gladnes and solempnitie he entered into the league, and sware to kepe it, and gaue to

the Ambassadors greate rewardes.

[ 1] The first article of this league was that themperor, the kyng of En∣glande, and all other kynges and princes, might entre into thesame, and if the kyng of Englande would, he sould bee admitted as protector of thesame league.

But yet the E••perour should not bee admitted, till he had deliuered the Frenche kynges children, hauyng a reasonable somme of money for thesame, nor before he had restored the Duke of Millain to his whole Duchie, franckly and frely, and all other persones of Italy, in like ma∣ner as thei wer before the last warres began: Nor he shal not once come into Italy for his Coronacion or other wise, but with suche a traine as the Pope & the Duke of Uenice shall thynke conuenient, and that with in three monethes after he hath entered into this league, he shall paie to the kyng of Englande, all suche sommes as he ought hym before y^e time

[ 2] Item, if themperor would not entre, then thesaid cōfederates should assemble a greate armie in Italy, accordyng as euery one should bee as∣sessed, and this armie to be mainteigned, till the Emperors power were driuen out of Italy.

[ 3] Item, that the Emperor shalbe warned, to deliuer the Frēche kynges children, and to fall to a reasonable poynt with hym, whiche thynges if he deny to dooe, then the confederates certifie hym, that thei shall neuer cease till he be brought to reason.

[ 4] Item, that a greate nauie should be prepared on all the coastes of I∣taly at the common costes of the confederates.

[ 5] Item, that Fraunces Sforce shall enioy the Duchie of Millain, pa∣yng yerely to the Frenche kyng fiftie thousande Ducattes, & the French kyng neuer to claime thesame.

[ 6] Item, the Frenche Kyng or the Duke of Orleaunce hys sonne, shall haue the Countie of As••.

[ 7] Item, if he Emperour bee expelled oute of Naples and Scicil, then the realmes to be at the gift of the Pope, paiyng yerely to the French kyng lxxv. thousand Ducattes.

[ 8] Item, if the kyng of Englande wyll take vpon hym as Protector of this league, then he or his sonne (the Duke of Richemond) to haue a du∣chie or a principalitie in the realme of Naples, to hym & to his heires, to the somme of thirtie thousande Ducattes at the least, and the Cardinal of Yorke to haue a yerely pencion of .x. thousand Ducates. This league was concluded at Cogmace or the .xxii. daie of Maie, in this yere.

When this League was thus concluded, it was sent to the Kyng of Englande, whiche with greate deliberacion like a wise prince, consulted muche with hys counsail of this waightie matter, & whē al thinges wer fully perceiued, he answered to thambassadours, that he thanked muche the confederates of their good will, but he would not entre into the lea∣gue, because he would be an indifferent entreator betwene bothe parties and a meane for a peace: and so he wrote to the Emperor, whiche hartely

thanked him, and toke it for greate kyndnes: this league was called the holy league of Clement. When the Bishop of Rome sawe that this lea∣gue was concluded, because he would shewe that he and the confedera∣tes, had iust cause of warre against the Emperor, for thynges doen in I∣taly, he sent to hym a letter, dated at Rome the .xxiii. daie of Iune: in the whiche letter he moste craftely laied to the Emperours charge, what he had doen for hym before he was Pope, & sithe he was promoted to that dignitie, he left nothyng vnremembred, that either he had frendly meant or actualy doen to the Emperor: and accused him of muche vnkyndnes, and in especiall that he would not pardō Frances Sforce duke of Mil∣lain, at his request. He accused hym also of the coueteous desire which he had, to haue or obtein the whole Monarchie of Italy, with many other pretie inuencions: for whiche causes he saied he was compelled, for the ••uretie of all Italy, & in especiall for the churche of Rome, to ioyne hym∣self with greate Princes, and to make warre for the defence of thesame. This letter was deliuered to the Emperour with all spede, to whom the Emperour answered by a letter, dated the .xiiii. daie of September, con∣teinyng .xxiiii. shetes of paper, in suche wise that all wise men maie se by thesame, that the Romishe bishop accused themperour, where he should haue blamed hymself, for the Emperor laied a greate nomber of ingra∣titudes and vntruthes to hym, and clerely auoyded all thynges, that he laied to his charge. The Pope sent his Ambassador another letter, that if the first letter were not deliuered, then he should retain it, but as God would, for manifestyng of the truthe, the letter was deliuered tenne da∣yes before.

After the first letters writtē, the holy father of Rome raised in al hast an armie of eight thousande footemen, with a valiaunt compaignie of horsmen, whiche passed the riuer of Poo, and ioyned themselfes with the power of the Uenicians, wherof was capitain Frances duke of Urbine, and so thei all together marched toward Millain: and in the meane sea∣son thei had sent Octauian Sforcia Bishop of Aretyne, whiche for the Frenche kyng should retain .xiiii. M. Swysses, and thei wer commyng out of Swyserlande, to ioyne with the armie of Italy. Thintent of this armie was to driue all the Emperors power, out of the Duchie of Mil∣lain, but all their deuises proued cōtrary, as you shall after plainly per∣ceiue. For you shall vnderstande, that although the Frenche kyng was taken before Pauia, a yere & more before this tyme, and all the Frenche¦men driuen out of the Duchie of Millain, yet the Emperour left not the duchie without an armie, for he left there Anthony de Leua, whiche was capitain of Pauia, at the siege laied by the Frenche Kyng, and Fernan∣do Daual and Alphons his brethren, two valiant capitaines, but Fer∣nando died, the more pitie: these capitaines had with them Spaniardes and Almaines and other, to the nomber of eight or tenne thousande, and laie still till the newe confederacie set forwarde, and especially thei were sore moued with Frances Sforce duke of Millain, whiche had the pos∣session of the moste part of all the fortresses of the duchie, that he would

••e one of the cōfederates: wherfore thei thought best to begin with him and to get the possession out of his hand. Wherefore Alphons Daual sent for all themperors army together, & thei came al together to warre, & whē he was there, he sent for Moron chief counsailer with the duke of Millain, whiche mistrustyng nothing came to him, and there he laied to him how the Duke his Master was false to the Emperor, and Moron it denied, then he was kept there as a prisoner, whether it wer by cautele or no I cannot tel, but he wrote to the Duke, that he perceiued that the Emperoure was like to preuaile, and aduised hym for auoydyng of al mistrust, and also to shewe him self the veri frende of the Emperor, and his obedient subiect, to deliuer all the strong holdes into his captaines handes: The Duke hearyng this counsaill, and willyng not to haue the enmitie of the Emperiall capitaines, assented and deliuered to Da∣uall all the fortresses that he had, except the castelles of Millain & Cre∣mona, which he saied he kepte onely for the healthe of his body, because he had ben long sicke.

Then Dauall with his powre of Almains & Spaniardes came to y^• citie of Milaine & lodged his people in eueri house, & fearing y^• the duke imagened some thing by kepyng of the two strongest castels, for if he delyuered those two castelles to the army of the confederates, the Em∣peroures capitaynes & people should be in greate daūger, wherfore he gentlye with greate perswasiō desired to haue the keping of the castell of Millayn, whiche the duke would in nowise assent, mistrustyng, that then he shoulde lese the duchie & al, wherefore Daual with al spede layed sege to the castell, the duke being with in. During y^e tyme of thys sege, the capitaynes euer toke monney & other thinges frō the Citezyns which sore therat grudged and saied that they wold suffer it no more, and so as an almaine came to a smith for a docate, the smith cried helpe, & with that the toune rose: then the capitaynes came into the citie to se what was done, the souldiers that kepte the sege seyng that, ranne into the citie and there was much entreting on both partes.

The duke hering the noies in the citie & seing the besegers gone, came out of the castel, thinking that his frendes had come to his reskue, but when he sawe no succour, and harde the noyes seased, he ētred the castell agayne. When the Capitaines had long intreated the people were ons cōtēted, but by meanes of one sedicious felowe thei begane again, & there was a sore fight, but the night cam so faste on that both the partes seuered them selues.

The citizens sore greued with the spaniardes saied opēly that short∣ly they trus••ed to se all themperours frendes driuē out of Italie, & with many yll woordes rebuked the souldiais: and when they cam into the citie thei hurt them.

Anthony deleua and Dauall, perceiuyng this▪ deuysed how to be re∣vēged, wherfore in the euenyng they entred with a thousād spaniards & other, & slewe one citizē & set his hed on a polle & caused it to be borne a∣fore thē & set, iii. or iiii, houses a ••ire, which whē the citizēs pe••c••iued thei

wer greatly aferd and ran to harnesse, and cast doune stones and barres, but the hand gonnes shot so fast at them, that thei durst not loke out: the Almaines set fire in many houses, least thei should haue leyser to fight, and some of the Spaniardes that kept the towers, slewe the citezens. A∣las the citee was in greate perill, and that wel perceiued Leua and Da∣uall, for if the remnant of the Spaniardes had come in, the whole citee had been burned or vtterly destroyed▪ wherfore thei caused the souldiers to cease, whiche were content, for thei had been in harnes from the sunne set, till nyne of the clocke the next daie.

In this seasō tharmy of the cōfederates, made hast to help the duke of Millain, & in the meane waie the citee of Lawde was yelded to the duke of Urbin: Dauall wēt thether wtih a small cōpaignie to reskew the citee and when he sawe that it was past reskew he returned▪ saiyng: it wer bet∣ter to lese Lawde, then Millain, & so brought al his people to Millain.

The Emperoure from tyme to tyme was aduertised, of all thynges doen in Italy, wherfore with great diligence he sent the duke of Burbon thether, with ten saile, and landed at Sauona, & brought with him .x.M. men, wherof the Millaners wer very glad, & besought him to be good to thē, to whom he gaue many good wordes & sware, and praied God that his braynes might be striken out with a gonne, except he did deliuer thē shortly of their great burden, and oppression of the Spaniardes, so thei would deliuer hym .xxx.M. ducates, for the wages of the souldiers that he had brought with hym, whiche wishe was thought to haue happened to hym at Rome, for breakyng of his promes: for after he had receiued the money, for a litle space the Millaners wer in good quiet, but shortly after, thei wer worse then afore, in so muche as some substanciall menne, for feare of their liues, hanged themselfes.

Whē the Millaners hard how the citee of Lawde was taken, and the Spaniardes put out, thei thought that .v.M. Spaniardes and .iii.M Almaines, and no great nomber of horsemen, beyng without wages and vitaile, could not defende so great a citee long, against the whole power of the princes confederate▪ While the power of y^• confederates, wer slow∣ly commyng to Millain ward, the duke and his compaignie lacked vi∣ctaile, wherfore of necessitie, when thei sawe the watche negligently kept, thei sent out of the castle .CC. men, whiche with strength passed the siege, and came to the armie of the confederates, and shewed them in what case the castle was in, whiche bad theim bee of a good chere, and so thei mar∣ched forwarde towarde a gate of Millain, called Rome gate, and Ihon de Medices whiche led the forward, shot sixe gonnes at a tower to haue ouerthrowen thesame, and so to haue entered in by that waie. The Emperors men came to the place, and not onely defended thesame, but valiantly set forward to fight with their enemies, and skirmished with them very sore. The Italians seyng that the Spaniardes wer so fierce. thought it not best to fight with them, but to tary till the Swysses were come, and then thei thought thēselfes sure of victorie: and so with shame

inough, thei returned to Meligia.

After his returne, the Imperialles fortified the citee in many places. The duke of Millein seyng that he lacked victaile, and that his succors had failed him, sent to the duke of Burbon worde, that he would deliuer the castle, so that he should be bound to no farther inconuenience: so thei agreed that he and his, should haue their bagge & baggage, and should haue the citee of Come for his abode til he wer tried of themperor, of the accusacions against hym alleged:* 15.99 vpon whiche condicion he yelded the castle, & went directly to tharmy of the confederates. And after y^e he went to Come, accordyng to his appoyntment: but the Spaniardes whiche kepte the toune, would not suffre hym to entre, wherefore of necessitie he was compelled to returne, to tharmy of the confederates, & there became enemie to themperors meny Al this Sommer tharmie of Italy gat no∣thyng, but the citee of Lawde, and thei durste not fight with the Span∣yardes, wherfore thei went & besieged Cremona, in the whiche wer .i.M Almaines, and .v.C. Spanyardes. All the Swisshes and .viii.M of the Popes men, & all the horsemen of Malatesta, wer sent to the siege, wher∣of was capitain y^e said Malatesta Ballio Perusine, whiche, as he would haue entered the castle was salin, and .i.M. men and more of his bende: wherfore the duke of Urbyne, and the whole army of the Uenicians wer sent for, whiche made so greate a nomber, and had suche ordinance, that thei within began to treate, and by appoyntment deliuered the citee.

After this, the whole army of the Italia••s or confederates, determ••∣ned clerely to besiege Millain, but sodainly the bishop of Rome sent for his army (for what cause you shal here after) and also thei hard say, that George Fronsberge a valiant capitain an Almain, which serued thēpe∣ror in his last warres: was cōmyng with .x••ii.M. Lanceknightes, which wer paied their wages afore hand, for .iiii. monethes, to aide themperors part When the confederate army hard this, thei wer astonied, and durst not enterprise the siege, but at a certain Abbay, twoo mile frō the citee of Millain, thei made a fortificacion for .iii.M. fotemen, and fiue hundred horsemen, to lye surely all wynter, to suffre no recourse to come to the ci∣tee, whiche citee was all this Sōmer season well fortified and victaled.

After the Popes army was departed at Cremona, as you haue hard, there came to tharmy of the confederates. Michael Anthonio Marques of Saluce▪ as capitain generall for the Frēche kyng, and brought with hym .iii.M. Eascons, and .v.C. men of armes, and, xv.C. light horses, accordyng to the league. Then this whole army hearyng that y^• Almai∣nes wer commyng forward, with greate ordinance, and a greate nomber of horsmen, and had passed the straightes of the mountaignes maugre the Uenicians, and that Couradine Lepontine, whiche had deliuered vp Cremona with .i.M. Almaines, was ioyned with capitain George. Whē tharmy of the confederates wer well informed of this greate armie that was cōming toward Millain, the capitaines clerely determined to mete with thē, and by battaill or otherwise, to let them from passyng the riuer

of Poo, or to ioyne with themperors armie, wherefore thei marched for∣warde, and founde that the Almaynes were come into the territories of Mantua: then the duke of Urbyn, & Ihon de Medi••s cosin to the Pope thought to wery the Almaines with light skirmishes, but Ihon de Me∣di••••s skirmished so nere tharmie, to get him a name aboue other, that he was hit with a gonne, and so shortely died. Then the Almaines came to Florenciola and there toke counsaill, & thought it not best to soiorne all wynter in the Duchie of Millain, because al thyng there was scace, by reason of the continuall warres: wherefore thei determined to take the Popes tounes, as aucthor of all the mischief and warre, and surely thei had taken the toune of Plesance, if tharmie of the confederates had not strongly, bothe with men and artilery, fortified the toune.

While all these thynges wer a doyng, there continued a greate hate∣red betwene the bishop of Rome, & the noble famely of Colume in Rome all whiche famely was Imperiall, in so muche that the Bishop saied to Pompey Cardinal of Colume, that he would take awaie his Cardinal∣les hat,* 15.100 and thother answered if he did so, that he would put on a helmet to ouerthrowe his thre crounes. When this malice had long continued, the Bishop of Rome began to lacke money, to maintein his warres, and sore he fered the Columes his domesticall enemies, & so of his awne mo∣cion began to breake the matter with Ascayn Colume, sonne to Prosper de Columna, in name of the whole bloud of the Columes, saiyng: that it wer more conuenient for bothe parties to agree, then to abide the chaūce of battaill, to the whiche thei bothe were parties (for the Columes had men of warre in themperors battaill, as the bishop had in tharmy of the confederates) then euery daie to retain souldiers at home eche for feare of other, to their greate charges and losse. Ascaine hearyng this, saied he would speake with his kynred, and so did: and this communicacion had takē effect, and Hugo de Moncado had not been. For this Hugo was a litle before sent from themperor to the Pope, with certain articles to cō∣clude a peace, to the whiche the Pope would not agre, saiyng he came to late, & when he sawe the bishops proude answer, & perceiued him enemie to his master, he then sought an occasion, to oppresse the bishop & his po¦wer, and so moued the Cardinall of Colume, and Ascain Colume, to in∣uade Rome with a sodain fraie, & to take Pope Clement or he wer ware.

Thei beyng glad to please themperor, gathererd secretly .ii.M. souldi∣ers, and entered Rome with suche spede, that thei wet at. S. Ihon Laterēce nere to the Popes Palace, or any man spied theim, then began a crie, the Cardinall of Colume cōmeth with a great power. The Pope thynkyng it to late to sende for aide, fled by a secret vaw••e to the castle Angell, and with hym fled Cardinalles, Bishoppes, & other of his palace, to a great nomber, so that there was not victaile inough, for theim all. The bishop Clement sawe that shortly he and thei, should be famished in the castle, sent to Hugo de Moncado, whiche had declared that he was thauctor of this act, not mindyng to hurt the Pope, but to make hym themperors

frend, or els to cause hym to surcesse, for doyng themperor any damage, and to thesaid Hugo he offered, to kepe peace with the Emperor and his confederates for foure monethes, & in the meane season to treate a peace, and also to call his armie again ouer the Poo, and for the performance of this, he deliuered to the Columes good hostage, and returned his ar∣mie from Cremona, as you haue hard before, and so he was deliuered at large: Now will I leaue the Emperors armie liyng in Italy, and speke of a greate mischief that fell in Hongary.

The greate Turke Sultan Soliman Pac, hearyng of the strie•• and warre that was betwene Christen princes, imagened that his tyme was come, to do some greate act in Christendō, wher••ore he assembled a puis∣sant armie of .C.xx.M. men, and entered into Hungary, sore destroiyng the countrey. Wherof hearyng Lewes kyng of Hongary, a couragious knight of .xxvi. yere of age, with a small nomber marched forwarde in Iune, and was on the great army of the Turkes or he wist, and so with good corage ioyned battaill, but he was oppressed with multitude, and was compelled to flie into a marreis, where he horse & man wer drouned and many other with hym, his body was found after & buried. The sai∣yng was that he was betraied, by an Erle of his awne, called Ihon de Uoada, & so it was likely, for the Turke afterwarde made hym kyng of Hongary,* 15.101 but he enioyed but one part of it called Trāsiluan••a: for Fer∣nando themperors brother, whiche had maried the sister & heire of kyng Lewes y^e was slain, kept the chief part of Hongary. The greate Turke hymself was not at the fight, but when he hard that the kyng was slain, he reioysed muche, & spoyled the countrey, & brought many a Christian soule into captiuitie to Turkey. Of this victory he wrote to the Ueni∣cians, as to his frendes, whiche letter was red openly in Uenice, before Doctor Pace Ambassador there for the kyng of Englande, but whether thei wer ioyous or sorowfull of the tidynges, I cannot well tell you.

This sōmer was great grudge against merchant strangers in Lōdō in somuch y^e if y^e matter had not been well pacified, much busines might haue folowed, the cause of the grudge was this, ther was an act made in the .iiii. yere of kyng Henry, y^e no stranger should bryng in no wyne nor woade in an aliens ship: so y^e thenglishmen after y^e went to Tholose, and brought much woade to London, & serued al the clothiers repairyng to London: & now in this yere by meanes of gentlemen about the king, the ••••rangers had license to bryng in woade in strāgers bottomes, so that al Lōdon was ful of their woade, & also thei sent their woade into the coū∣trey, so y^e thenglishmennes woade in Londō lay vnbought: wherfore sir Ihō Alen knight beyng Maior, sent for a great sort of strangers, which wer the chief merchantes of all, & shewed vnto thē what gaines thei had gotten in the citee, by reason wherof thei should auaunce the citee, & not hurt it, wherfore he willed thē to sel their woade to the merchātes of Lō¦don, & thei should be paied in continent, & not to resort to other places in the countrey with their woade, to the hinderance of the Londoners. The

strangers proudely answered the Maior▪ y^e thei would seke euery place for their auātage, & so in mockyng maner depa••ted. The Maior percei∣uyng y^e, called a cōmen counsaill in the moneth of August, and there wer many billes laied against the strangers, & at last it was enacted, that no citezen nor freman, ••hould bye nor sell in no place, nor exchāge nor med∣dle with certain strangers, called Anthony Bonuice, Laurence Bōuice, Anthony Uiuald, Anthony Caueler, Frāces de Bard, Thomas Calne∣cant▪ and a great sort mo whose names I let passe, and if any person did meddle or occupie with them, contrary to this acte, he should lese his fre∣dome, and libertie in the citee of London: by whiche acte the strangers wer so brideled, that thei came to a reasonable poynt and conclusion.

In this season the angel noble was iust the sixt part of an oūce Troy* 15.102 so y^• sixe Angels wer iust an ounce, which was .xl. s. sterlyng & the Angel was worth .ii. ounces of siluer so y^e sixe Angels were .xii. ounces, whiche was but .xl. s. in siluer: but in Flaunders, Braband, and Zeland, the An∣gel was worth .vii. s .iiii. d. so y^• merchantes daily caried ouer much mo∣ney, to the great hynderance of the merchandise of this realme, for moste men caried gold, & when it was ther, it was losse in euery noble .viii. d. to bryng it hether again: & when thenglishmen spake to the rulers there, to leaue thenhaūcyng of the kynges coyne, thei laughed thē to skorne. The kyng & his counsail perceiued to what end this enhauncement in Flaū∣ders, if it wer not met with shortly would bryng y^e riches of this realme: wherfore in the moneth of September, he by Proclamacion, enhaunced the Angell to .viii.s.iiii.d. and the Royal to .xi.s. and the croune to .iiii.s and .iiii.d. and this Proclamacion was made through al England: and to bryng out of Flaunders to greate nober of Englishe golde whiche was there,* 15.103 the kyng by Proclamacion again, the fift daie of Nouember, enhaunced the Angell to .vii.s.vi.d. and so euery ounce of gold should be .xlv.s. and that an ounce of siluer should be .iii. s .ix. d. in value.

This yere on Michaelmas euen, Thomas Hynd whiche was chosen shrife before, was called to take his oth, but he made defaute, wherefore on Sunō Rice was chosen which refused, then was one George Robin∣son Mercer chosen, whiche toke his oth not to be able. The cōmons wer in such a fury, y^e thei sware y^e thei would haue a Mercer. Master Nicho∣las Lābert an Alderman & Grocer, which had a dispensacion for y^• shri∣ualtie for y^e yere, seyng this discord, said to the cōmōs, masters, although my tyme bee not come, yet to appease your strief, if you will chose me, I will take it, & so he was chosen with great thankes. In this season a so∣dain rumor begā in Spain, y^• themperor would haue war with kyng of England, wherof hearyng thenglishe merchantes, whiche lay in Spain at diuerse portes, cōcluded to sende to doctor Edward Lee, Ambassador for the kyng of England in thēperors court to knowe y^• certentie, which gently answered thē▪ that he trusted y^e there was no such cause, of y^e which thei should be aferd, for the kyng his master & themperor, wer yet in per∣fite loue▪ & amitie, and farther he sent them worde, y^e the kyng of Englād was not entered into the league of Italy with the confederates, as thei

would haue hym, for he laboreth to make a vniuersall peace, whiche he could not conuenlently do, if he wer protector or a cōtractor in y^• league, this answere he sent to theim from Granado, the .v. daie of September.

In the moneth of December, the kyng kept a solempne Christmas, at his Manor of Grenewiche, with greate plētie of victaile, Reuels, Mas∣kes, disguysynges, and bankettes: and the .xxx. daie of December, was an enterprise of Iustes made at the tilt by sixe gentlemen, against al cō∣mers, whiche valiantly furnished thesame, bothe with spere and sworde, and like Iustes wer kept the third daie of Ianuary, where were .CCC. speres broken. That same night, the kyng and many young gentlemen with hym, came to Bridewell, & there put hym, and .xv. other, al in Mas∣kyng apparell, and then toke his Barge, and towed to the Cardinalles place, where wer at supper a great compaignie of lordes and ladies, and then the Maskers daūced, and made goodly pastyme, and whē thei had well danced, the Ladies plucked awaie their visors, and so thei were all knowen and to the kyng was made a greate banket.

The .xiii. daie of Ianuary came to the court, Don Hugo de Mendo∣sa, a greate man borne in Spain, of a noble famely, this persone was se••t as Ambassador from the Emperor, to the kyng of Englande with large commission, for themperor put it to the kyng of Englandes determina∣cion, whether his demaundes whiche he required of the Frenche Kyng, wer reasonable or not, and for the declaracion thereof, and for to knowe the kyng of Englandes request and entreatie concerning the peace, was this noble man sent into Englande, whiche many tymes consulted with the kyng and his counsaill, and he taried here twoo yeres full.

This Christmas was a goodly disguisyng plaied at Greis inne,* 15.104 whi∣che was compiled for the moste part, by master Ihon Roo, seriant at the law .xx. yere past, and long before the Cardinall had any aucthoritie, the effecte of the plaie was, that lorde gouernance was ruled by dissipacion and negligence, by whose misgouernance and euill order, lady Publike wele was put from gouernance: which caused Rumor Populi, Inward grudge and disdain of wanton souereignetie, to rise with a greate mul∣titude, to expell negligence and dissipacion, and to restore Publik welth again to her estate, which was so doen. This plaie was so set furth with riche and costly apparel, with straunge diuises of Maskes & morrishes that it was highly praised of all menne, sauyng of the Cardinall, whiche imagined that the plaie had been diuised of hym, & in a greate furie sent for thesaied master Roo, and toke from hym his Coyfe, and sent hym to the Flete, & after he sent for the yong gentlemen, that plaied in the plaie, and them highly rebuked and thretened, & sen•• one of them called Tho∣mas Moyle of Kent to the Flete, but by the meanes of frendes Master Roo and he wer deliuered at last. This plaie sore displeased the Cardi∣nall, and yet it was neuer meante to hym, as you haue harde, wherfore many wisemen grudged to see hym take it so hartely, and euer the Car∣dinall saied that the kyng was highly displeased with it, and spake no∣thyng

of hymself.

In this yere the second day of Marche wer receiued to London,* 15.105 with a great compaignie of noble men, the bishop of Tarbe Frances visoūt of Toraine, & master Anthony Uescy, secōd president of Paris, as Am∣bassadors from the Frenche kyng, & so brought through London to the Tailers hall and there lodged, and afterward wer cōueighed to Grene∣wiche to the kyng, where thei wer right haitely enterteined, & after their letters red & their requestes haro, thei departed for a season to London.

On shrouetewes••aie,* 15.106 the kyng hymself in a newe harnes all gilte, of a strange fashion that had not been seen, and with hym .viii. gentlemen all in cloth of golde of one suite, embrodered with knottes of siluer, and the Marques of Excester, and .viii. with hym in blewe veluet and white sa∣ten, like the waues of the sea, these men of armes came to the tilte, & there ran many freshe courses, till .cc.lxxxvi. speres wer broken▪ and then thei disarmed and wēt to the quenes chamber, where for them was prouided a costly banket.

The Frēche Ambassadors hauyng their recourse to the kyng and his counsaill, muche labored to haue in mariage the Lady Mary daughter to the kyng▪ and after long counsailyng, that matter was put in suspēce because the president of Paris, doubted whether the mariage betwene the kyng & her mother, beyng his brothers wife were good or no: of this first mocion grewe muche busines or it wer ended, as you shall here, af∣terward. The common people repugned sore against that demaund, for thei said that she was heire apparant to her father, and if he should dye, thei would haue no Frencheman to be kyng of Englande, and thus the common people spake, as their myndes serued them.

While the Frenche Ambassadours laie thus in London, it happened one euenyng as thei wer commyng from the blacke Friers, from supper to the Tailers hall, two boyes wer in a gutter castyng doune rubbishe, whiche the rain had driuen there, and vnware hit a lackay belonging to the viscount of Tourain, and hurte hym nothyng, for scantly touched it his cote, but the Frenche lordes toke the matter highly, as a thyng doen in dispite, and sent worde to the Cardinal, whiche beyng to hastie of cre∣dence, sent for sir Thomas Seimer knight, lord Maior of the citee, and in all hast commaunded hym vpon his allegeance, to take the husband, wife, children and seruauntes of the house, and theim to emprison, till he knewe farther of the kinges pleasure, and that the .ii. boyes apprentices should be sent to the Tower, whiche cōmaundement was accomplished without any fauor: For the man and his wife, and seruauntes, wer kept in the Counter till the sixt daie of Maie, whiche was sixe wekes ful, and their neighbours of gentlenes kepte their house in the meane tyme, and one of the apprētices died in the Tower, and the other was almost lame: of the crueltie of the Cardinall, & of the pride of the Frenchemen, muche people spake, and would haue been reuenged on the Frenchemen, if wi∣semen in the citee had not appeased it with faire wordes.

On the .xiiii. daie of Marche wer conueighed from Lōdon to Grene∣wiche,* 15.107 by therle of Rutlande and other, the lorde Gabliel de Salaman∣ka Erle of Ottonbrough, Ihon Burgraue of Siluerberge, and Ihon Faber a famous clerke after bishop of Uien, as Ambassadors frō Don Fernando, brother to the Emperor, newly electe kyng of Hungarye and Beame, after the death of his brother in lawe kyng Lewes, whiche was slain by the Turke the last Sommer, as you haue hard before: this com¦paignie was welcomed of the high Officers, and after brought into the kynges presence, all the nobilitie beyng present, and there after great re∣uerence made,* 15.108 thesaied Clerke Master Faber made a notable Oracion, takyng his ground of the Gospell, Exiit seminare semen suum, and of that he de∣clared how Christe and his disciples went furthe to sowe, and how their sede was good that fell into the good ground, and brought furth good fruite, whiche was the Christen faithe: and then he declared how contra∣ry to that sowyng, Machomete had sowen seede, whiche brought furthe the euil sede, and shewed from the beginnyng, how the Turkes haue en∣cresed in power, what realmes thei had conquered, what people thei had subdued euen to that daie: he declared farther what actes y^e great Turk then liuyng had doen, and in especial he noted the gettyng of Belgrade, and of the Rhodes, and the slaiyng of the kyng of Hungary, to the great rebuke (as he said) of al the kynges christened: he set furth also what po∣wer the Turke had, what diuersities of cōpaignies, what armure, what capitaines he had, so that he thought, that without a marueilous great nomber of people, he could not be ouerthrowē: Wherfore he moste hum∣bly beseched the kyng, as Sainct Georges knight, and defender of the faithe, to assist the kyng his Master, in that Godly warre and verteous purpose To this oracion the kyng,* 15.109 by the mouthe of sir Thomas More answered, that muche he lamented the losse that happened in Hongarie, and if it wer not for the warres, whiche wer betwene the two great prin∣ces, he thought that the Turke would not haue enterprised that acte, wherfore he with al his studie would take pain, first, to set an vnitie and peace throughout all Christendom, and after that he bothe with money and men, would be ready to helpe toward that glorious warre, asmuche as any other prince in Christendom. After this doen the Ambassadours were well cherished, and diuerse tymes resorted to the Courte, and had greate chere and good rewardes, and so the third daie of Maie next en∣suyng, thei toke their leaue and departed homeward.

This season the fame went,* 15.110 that themperor had written to the French kyng, admonishyng hym to regarde his othe and promes toward God, and his honor and fame toward the worlde, allegyng that if he kept his promise towarde hym, that he should finde hym suche a frende, that all Fraunce should reioyse of it, & if he would not kepe his former promes, whiche he made and sware at Madrill, he toke God to witnesse, that he would neuer leaue the warre, til fire and sworde had brought hym to ac∣complishe his promes, or els to driue hym out of his realme & dominiōs

wyth strength and puissaunce, which letter the French kyng nothyng re∣garded saiyng that the Emperoure the nexte yere shoulde haue warre inough.

The fame went and letters came to London, that the Emperoures army in Italy the xii. day of April had met with the Uenicians as they were goyng homewarde, and that betwene them there was a cruell fyght & by fyne force the Uenicians were put to ••lyght, & no maruell as the Uenicyans answere, for they sai that by cause ther was a peace con∣cluded for six monethes betwene the byshop of Rome, and Hugo De∣mountcado, and that the viceroy of Naples was come to Rome to cō∣ferme the same truce, therfore they sent their ordinaūce and harnes and loked for no war, but only taried together tyl they wer payed there wa∣ges, and so vnprouided they were set on and ouercome.

In the end of this yere the people were sore troubled with pouertye for the greate paymentes of money that were past, and also in wynter in the seade season fell such abound ans of rayne in Septēbre, Nouem∣bre & Decembre, and on the xvi daie of Ianiuer fell suche a great rayne that there of ensued greate fluddes whiche distroyed corne, feldes, and pastures: and drouned many shepe and beastes: then was it dry tyll the xii day of Aprill and from thence it rayned euery day or nyght tyll the third day of Iune, and in May it rayned, xxx. houres contynually with oute ceasyng whiche caused greate fluddes and did muche ha••me, so that corne sore fayled the next yere as you shall perceiue hereafter.

The .xix, yere,

THis time a bill was set vp in Londō muche contrary to the ho∣nor of the Cardinall, in the whiche the Cardinall was warned that he should not counsaile the king to mary his daughter in to Fraunce, for if he did, he shoulde shewe hym selfe enemy to the kyng and the Realme with many threatnyng wordes: thys bill was delyuered to the Cardinall by sir Thomas Seimer Maior of the citie, which thanked him for the same, & made much serch for the author of that bill, but he coulde not be founde, whiche sore displeased the Car∣dinall, & vpō this occasiō the last day of April at night he caused a great watch to be kept at Westminster & had there cart gonnes read•• charged & caused diuerse watches to be kept about Londō in Newington. S. Iones strete, Westminster. S. Giles, Iseldon, & other places nere Lō∣don, which watches were kept by gentelmē & their seruaūtes, with hou∣seholders & al for feare of y^• Lōdoners bicause of this bil. Whē y^• citizēs knew of this, thei saied that thei marueiled whi the Cardinal hated thē so for thei saied that if he mistrusted thē, he loued not them, & where loue is not, there is hatred, & thei affirmed that thei neuer entēded no harme to∣ward him, & mused of this chaūce, for if .v. or .vi. lewde persones had made Alarme in the citie, thē had ētred all these watche mē with there trayne which might haue spoiled the citie without cause, wherfore they much murmured against the Cardinall & his vndiscrete doinges.

Sonday the fift daye of Maye was a solempe Ma••se song at

Grenewiche the Cardinall and the Archebishop of Canterbury with .x. prelates mi••e••ed beyng present, and there the Frenche Ambassadors, in the name of the Frēche kyng there Master, sware to obserue the peace & legaue concluded betwene thē for the terme of two princes liues, & there opēly the bishop of Terby gaue to the kyng hartie thākes for the great fauor he showed to the kyng his master, in the tyme of his visitacion (as he called it) that is to were when he was in prisō, for he said the kyng by his mercy had conquered the whole hartes of the realme which he could not do by strēgth. Thēbassadors also desired as you haue harde, the ma∣riage of the lady Mary for the duke of Orleance .ii. sonne to the French Kyng. Some said she was mete for him ••elf: but many a man marueled why she was denayed for the secōd sonne, seyng that in the .x. yere of this kyng it was cōcluded that she should mary the Dolphin beyng the first sonne: but this demaund was not concluded nor answered but deferred because of her tendre age, tyll another tyme. For the more enterteinyng of the French ambassadors the king caused a solēpne Iustes to be doen by sir Nicholas Carew, sir Robert Iernyngham, sir Anthony Broune, and Nicholas Haruy, the valiaunt esquier as chalengers: whiche were appareled in bases and bardes all of one suite, the right side was ryche tyssue embaudered with a compasse or roundell of blacke veluet and in the compas a ryght hand holdyng a sworde, and a boute the sword were pennes and peces of money of diuerse coynes, all embrawdered, vnder the hand was embraudered Loialte, and on that side of the bard was writ∣ten in embraudery, Bi pen, pain nor treasure, truth shall not be violated. The otherside of the bases and bardes were of cloth of gold and cloth of siluer. When these foure chalengars were come to the tilt, then entered the Marques of Excester and .xiii. with hym all armed and barded and based of one suit: that is to saie, the right sides cloth of golde cut in cloudes engray∣led with Damaske golde, the otherside cloth of syluer set with moun∣taynes full of Oliue braunches, made of gold all mouyng. These men of armes ranne many a faire course with little missyng, for with in twoo houres and a half, notwithstandyng that yt rained apace, thei brake .iii hundreth speres at the least, and when nyght approched they disarmed and went to the courte.

The kyng agaynst that night had caused a banket house to bee made on the one syde of the tylt yarde at Grenewyche of an hundreth foote of length and .xxx. foote bredth, the roofe was purple cloth ful of roses and Pomgarnettes, the wyndowes, wer all clere stories with curious mon∣neles strangely wrought, the Iawe peces and crestes were karued wyth Uinettes and trailes of sauage worke, and richely gilted with gold and Bise, thys woorke corbolyng bare the candelstykes of antyke woorke whiche bare litle torchettes of white waxe, these candelstickes wer poli∣shed lyke Aumbre: at the one syde was a haute place for herawldes and minstrelles: this house was richly hanged and therin was raised a cup∣bord of seuen stages high and .xiii. foote long, set with standyng cuppes Bolles, Flaggons and greate pottes all of fyne golde: some garnyshed

with one stone and some with other stones and perles, on the other side was a nother Cupbord of .ix. stages high, set full of high pottes flago••s and bolles, all was massy plate of siluer and gilte, so high & so brode that it was maruaile to beholde: at the nether ende were two broade arches vpon thre Antike pillers all of gold, burnished swaged and grauen full of Gargills and Serpentes, supportyng the edifices the Arches were vawted with Armorie, all of Bice and golde, & aboue the Arches were made many sondri Antikes & diuises: In this cham∣bre, was thre ewry bordes, one for the kyng, another for the quene, & the third for the princes: the first bourde had .ix. greate ewers, and ba∣sins al gilt, and playne, the seconde bourde had seauen greate gilt ba∣sins chased, & thre paire of couered basyns, chasid al gilt with Cuppes of assaie, thei were so great that euery Lorde grudged to beare theim: the third ewery had .ix. basyns and two payre of coueryd Basines, and cuppes of assaie, this ewery was all of gold, & the Ba••ins were so mas∣sye that thei troubled sore the bearers: The hole supper was serued in vessel of gold: to reherse the fare, the straūgenes of dishes, with deuises of beastes & fowles it were to long, wherefore I will let passe ouer the supper with songes & minstrelsie. Whē supper was done, the kyng, the quene and the ambassadors washed, and after talked at their pleasure and then thei rose and went out of the banket chambre by the forsaied Arches, & when thei were betwene the vttermoste dore and the Arches the kyng caused them to turne backe & loke on that syde of the Arches, and there thei sawe how Tyrwin was beseged, and the very maner of euery mans camp, very connyngly wroughte, whiche woorke more pleased them thē the remembring of the thing in dede. From thens thei passed by a long galerie richely hanged into a chambre faire & large the dore whereof was made with masonrie, emba••ayled with Iasper, and within that a porche with a tipe, and crokettes gilt, this chambre was raised with stages .v. degrees on euery syde, & rayled & coūtrerai∣led borne by pillars of Azute, ful of starres & flower delice of gold▪ eue∣ry pillar had at the toppe a basin siluer, wherein stode greate braūches of white waxe, the degrees were all of Marble ••oler, and the railes like white marble: in the middest of this Chamber, was a gate, the Arches whereof stretched from side to side, this Arche was figured masonrie on water tables with haunses receiuyng pillers wrapped, beyng Dor∣mants Antike, & ouer the gate stode the pictures of Hercules, Scipio, Iulius, ••ompe••▪ & suche other cōquererours, the ventes and embowes were of very strange worke, with leaues, balles, & other garnishinges, all golde, and in the hole arche was nothing but fine Bice & golde, the rofe of this chambre was conninglie made by the kynges Astronimer, for on the grounde of the rofe, was made the hole earth enuironed with the Sea, like a very Mappe or Carte, and by a conning makyng of a nother cloth, the zodiacke with the .xii. Signes, and the fiue circles or girdelles and the two poles apered on the earth and water compassing

the same, and in the zodiak were the twelue signes, curiously made, and aboue this were made the seuen planettes, as Mars, Iupiter, Sol, Mercurius, Venus, Saturnus, and Luna, euery one in their proper houses, made accordyng to their properties, that it was a connyng thing and a plesant syght to be holde.

When the kyng and the quene, were set vnder their clothes of estate which were rich and goodly, and the ambassadours set on the righte side of the chambre, then entred a person clothed in cloth of golde, and ouer that mantell of blew silke, full of eyes of golde, and ouer his hed a cap of gold, with a garland of Laurell set with beries of fyue gold, this per∣on made a solempne Oraciō,* 15.111 in the Latin tongue, declaryng what Ioye was to the people of both the realmes of England and Fraunce, to here and knowe the great loue, league, and amitie, that was betwene the two kynges of the same Realmes geuyng greate praise to the kyng of Eng∣land for graunting of peace, and also to the Frenche kyng for suyng for thesame, and also to the Cardinal for beyng a mediator in thesame: and when he had doen, then entred eight of the kynges Chappel with a song and brought with theim one richly appareled: and in likewise at the o∣ther side, entred eight other of the saied Chappel bringyng with them a nother persone,* 15.112 likewise appareled, these two persones plaied a dialog theffect wherof was whether riches were better thē loue, and when they could not agre vpon a conclusion, eche called in thre knightes, all ar∣med, thre of them woulde haue entred the gate of the Arche in the mid∣del of the chambre, & the other iii resisted, & sodēly betwene the six knigh∣tes,* 15.113 out of the Arche fell doune a bar all gilte, at the whiche barre the sir kinghtes fought a fair battail, and then thei were departed, and so went out of the place: then came in an olde man with a siluer berd, and he con∣cluded that loue & riches, both be necessarie for princes (that is to saie) by loue to be obeied and serued, and with riches ••o rewarde his louers and frendes, and with this conclusion the dialogue ended.

Thē at y^• nether ende,* 15.114 by lettyng doune of a courtaine, apered a goodly moūt, walled with towers and vamures al gilt, with al thinges neces∣sarie for afortresse, & al the mount was set ful of Christal coralles, & rich rockes of rubie cureously conterfaited & full of roses & pomgranates as though thei grewe: on this rocke sat eight Lordes appareled in cloth of Tissue & siluer cut in quater foyles,* 15.115 the gold engrailed with siluer, and the siluer with gold, al loose on white satin, and on ther heddes cap∣pes of blake veluet set with perle and stone, thei had also mantelles of blame saten: and then thei sodenly descended from the mounte and toke ladyes, and daūced diuers daunces,

Thē out of a caue issued out the ladie Mary doughter to the kyng & with her seuen ladies, all appareled after the romayne fashion in riche cloth of gold oftissue & Crimosin tinsel bendy & their heres wrapped in

calles of golde with bonetes of Crimosin veluet on their heddes, set full of pearle and stone: these eight Ladies dau••ced with the eight Lordes of the mount, and as thei daunced, sodenly entred sixe persona∣ges, appareled in cloth of siluer and blacke ••••nsell satin, and whodes on there heddes with tippetes of cloth of gold▪ there garmentes were long after the fashion of Ireland, and these persones had visers with syluer berdes, so that thei were not knowne: these Maskers tooke Ladies and daunsed lustely about the place,

Then sodenly the kyng and the viscount of Torayne were conueig∣hed out of the place into a chambre thereby, & there quicklie thei .ii. and six other in maskyng apparel of cloth of gold and purple tinsell sattin, greate, lōg, & large, after the Uenicians fashiō & ouer them great robes, & there faces were visard w^t beardes of gold: then with minstrelsie these .viii. noble personages entred and daunsed long with the ladies, and when thei had daunsed there fill, then the quene plucked of the kynges visar, & so did the Ladies the visars of the other Lordes, & then al were knowē: thē the kyng gaue to the viscoūt of Torayn, the maskyng appa∣rel that the kyng hym self ware & also the apparel that the viscount hym selfe masked in, which were very riche, for the whiche he thanked hym.

Then the kyng quene and the ambassadours, returned to the banket chamber, where thei found a banked ready set on the borde, of so many & marueilous dishes, that it was wonder to se, then the kyng sat doune and there was ioy, myrth and melody: and after that all was doen the kyng and all other went to rest, for the night was spent, and the day e∣uen at the breakyng.

The morowe after the ambassadours toke there leaue of the kyng, and had greate rewardes geuen them and so came to London, and ther rested two dayes and so departed in hast homeward.

These two houses with Cupbordes, hāgynges and al other thinges the kyng commaunded should stand still, for thre or foure daies, that al honest persones might see and beholde the houses & riches, and thether came a great nombre of people, to see & behold y^• riches & costely deuices

After that the ambassadours of Fraunce were departed the kyng sēt an other ambassade into Fraūce (that is to say) Sir Thomas Boleyne knight, viscoūt of Rochforth, and Sir Anthony Broune knight, which came to Paris to the bishop of Bathe, whiche lay in Fraunce as am∣bassadour for the kyng of Englād, and then these thre went to the court and saw the Frenche kyng in persone swere to kepe the league & amitie concluded betwene hym and the kyng of Englande, and there thei had greate chere and maskes shewed vnto them, but litle rewardes were ge∣uen, & so y^• viscount Rochforth retorned into Englād, & so did the bishop of Bathe shortly after, leauyng sir Anthony Broūe behind for a ligier.

In this moneth of Maie y^• .x. day the kyng sent sir Fraūces Poynes knight,* 15.116 as ābassadour frō y^• kyng of Englād, to Charles themperor & with him he sēt Clarenseaux, king of armes, to demaūd the one halfe of

the treasure & ordinaūce which was takē at Pauia, for somuch as that warr, was made as well at the kynges charge, as themperors charge: he demaunded also the duke of Orleaūce, to be deliuered to him, & also it was demaūded that themperour should deliuer y^• bishop of Rome which was takē this moneth as you shal here, and also should bring his armie out of Italy, and if he refused to do any of these poinctes, then Clarēse∣auxin the kynges name of Englande should make to him defiaunce.

When it was knowen that warr like to be betwene the Empe∣rour and the kyng of England, the commons of England sore lamen∣tyd the chaūce, for all marchandise were rest rayned to passe in to any of themperours dominiōs, & he marchaūtes wer desired by the Cardinal to kepe ther martes at Caleis, to the which in nowise thei would assenf.

This same moneth the kyng sent two fayre shippes, well manned and vitailed, hauing in them diuers connyng men, to seke strange regi∣ons:* 15.117 and so furth thei set, out of the Tha••is, the twentie day of May, if thei sped well you shall here at their retorne.

The .xxii. day of May cam in post to the kyng out of Fraunce the bi∣shop of Tarbie, whiche was here in the beginnyng of this moneth, this bishop brought to the kyng of England, the articles which the Frenche kyng now offered to the Emperour, which wer contrarie to the articles sworne at Madryll in the .xvii. yere of the kyng, and farther he moued the kyng of Englande to be enemy to themperour, which request (as well men say) was muche furtherd by the Cadinall, because of the warres in Italie, betwene the Pope & thēperour: this bishop made short tariyng with the kyng, for in post a ga••••e he returned to Paris, to sir Frances Poynes, & Clarēseaux, whiche taried ther for him, & so thei al toke ther Io••••ay toward Spayne.

Now will I retorne to the duke of Burbō, and themperou••s armie, which all y^• last winter liued ingreat pouertie, with our clothes, victaile or wages, so that thei were in maner desperat, & so went toward Parme & Bononie, belongyng to the Sea of Rome. The bishop of Rome hea∣ryng this sēt a messenger to the duke to redeme the Popes townes, so that thei shoulde not be spoyled nor hurte: the duke and the capitaine axed thre hundreth & fiftie thowsād Ducates, for sauyng of the Popes lād, & if thei might haue so much money, thei would depart to Naples: but when thei sawe that thei coulde haue no money, they with all spede turned toward Florence the .xxii. of Aprill, whereof hearyng the Ro∣maines thei wer glad, for thei thought that the Florentines wold hold good war with them, & thā the Pope & the Romaines woulde geue the lokyng on: but the chaūse turned, as you shall here after.

For a suertie the duke of Burbon thought to haue gon to Florence for this cause, for ther was a gentlemā in Florence called Peter de sal∣uiata which had a brother that serued themperor in his warres, which promised to deliuer y^• citie, for he determined to cause the commons to rebell in y^• citie gaynst the heddes, & in the meane seasō y^• dukes cō∣pany shulde scale y^• walles: whē this Peter knew y^• themperours army

Armye was come to a place called Le Chase, within twelue myle of the Citie, to bryng his purpose to a conclusyon, he with suche as he had trayned to him, cryed in the Citie: Liber••ate de populo, that is in English Lybertie of the people: with which voyce the people styrred and came to the Palace in great nombre, and there they tooke the .vi. Lordes of the counsell which had the rule of the Publyke welthe of the Citie (as they call it) and slew one of them: The Familie of Medices, whiche were the Popes kynred, were at this tyme sore a fraied. Thus this Peter de Saluiota, with the Commons gate the Palace and rang the cōmen bell. In this season was in Florence a Capitayn of the Frenche kynges cal∣led Frederico de Bodsoo, he had with hym .iii.C. men: and when he saw this rebellyon, he came to the Commons and sayde: Syrs, if you continew in this case, your fayre Citie is lyke to be subuerted, for your enemyes be at hande: which notwithstandynge that you beare some fauoure to themperour as appeareth, yet their needinesse and pouertie is soch, that without mercy thei wyll robbe, 〈◊〉〈◊〉 and sley you, your wyfes & chyl∣dren, and sette fyer on your beautifull Citie.

This Capitayne moche steyed the Citie, notwithstandyng that .xx. or more persones were sleyne in the ruffle, yet they were well auoyded, and sodeyngly entered into the Citie the Duke of Urbyne, which lay but .vi. myle from Florence, and .xviii. myle from themperours armye whom he had coasted, but he thought no aduauntage to medle. This Duke brought with hym▪ v.M. footemen, and .vi.C, horsemen, and when he was entered the Citie, a crye was made that all thynges was pardoned, so that euery man departed home and delyuered his weapon, whiche was dooen: and thus the Citie was appeased, the .xxviii. day of Apryll.

All this doyng within the Citie was vnknowne to themperours ar∣mye, for it was beyonne and ended in .iiii. or .v. houres, and so for lacke of knowledge, this enterprise was lost, which was happye for the Flo∣rentynes. Sore displeased were themperours Capitaynes when they knew of this channce, and also how the Duke of Urbyne was entered into the Citie of Florence for their defence, but thei coulde not doo with all. And so shortly thei departed and came to the Citie of Seynes .xxx. myle of, and there they lost their great ordynaunce, and tooke counsell to go to Rome (notwithstandynge the trewce concluded betwene the Pope and the Uiceroy of Naples, & Hugo de Moncada, as you haue hearde) and so moche they traucyled by nyghtes and dayes, commenly passyng .xl, myle, day and nyght (Their good wyll was soche) that the vi. daye of Maie, with banners displaied, they came before the Citie of Rome beynge saturdaye the some day: and sonday the Romaynes made Bulwarkes, Rampiers, and other defences, and layde ordynaūce on the walles, and shot at them without fearcely.

The Duke of Burbon determyned that it were not best to lye styll without,* 15.118 and be slayne with ordinaunce, consideryng that they were all naked people, and without great ordinaunce: wherfore he determined

to take the chaunce & to geue the assaute, & so manfully they approched the walles betwene the Burgo nouo & olde Rome. But the Romayns valiauntly defended them with handgn̄nes, pykes, stones, & other wea∣pons, so that the enemyes were fayne to retreyte. Then the Romaynes were glad, & sette many faire banners on their Towers & Bulwarkes, and made great showtes: Which seeynge the Duke of Burbon cryed to a new assaute. Then the Drumslades blew, & euery mā with a ladder mounted: & at the ••yrst encoūter, agayn the Romayns put them a lytel backe: Which perceiuīg, the duke of Burbō cryed: God & themperour. Then euery man manfully sette on, there was a sore fyght, many an arrow shot, & many a man felled: but at the last the Emperours men gotte the wall: & betwene euery assaute fell a myst, so that they within coulde not see what parte they without would assayle, which was pro∣fitable to themperours partie: At the three assautes were sleyne .iii.C. Swyshes of the Popes Garde In this last assaute was the Duke of Burbon stryken in the thygh with a handgōne,* 15.119 of the which he shortly dyed in a chapell of s. Syst, whyther his Souldiers had brought him▪ And this chaunce notwithstandynge the Armye entered into Rome, & toke the Popes Palace & set vp themperours Armes. The same day that these three assautes were made, Pope Clement passed lytell on the Emperours Armye:* 15.120 for he had accursed theim on the saturday before, and in his curse he called the Almaynes Lutheranes, & the Spaniards Murreynes or mores: and when he was hearyng of masse, sodeinly the Almaynes entered the Churche, & slew his Garde & dyuerse other. He seeyng that, fled in all haste by a preuye way to the Castell s. Angell: & al they that followed hym that way & coulde not entre, were sleyne, and if he in that fury had ben taken, he had ben sleine. The Cardinals & other prelates fled to the castel of s. Angel, ouer the bridge, where many of the commen people were ouerpr••ssed and drowned as thei gaue way to the Cardinalles & other estates that passed towarde the castell for succour.

The Cardinall of Senes, of Sesaryne, of Tudertine, of Iacobace & of the Ualle, taryed so long, that they coulde not get to the castell for multitude of people: wherefore they were compelled to take a nother house, called the Palace of s. George, where they kepte theym selfe for a whyle, as secretely as thei myngt. You must vnderstand, that thorough the Citie of Rome, ronneth a famouse Ryuer, called Tyber: and on the one syde of the Ryuer standeth the Castell s. Angell, or the Borough of s, Angell: & the other side is called Burgo Nouo, or the New Borough. This Brydge is called, the Brydge of Syxte, which lyeth directly be∣fore the Castell. At the ende of this Brydge was a wonderous strong Bulwarke, well Ordinaunced & well manned. The Emperours men saw that they coulde doo nothynge to the Pope nor to that porte of the Citie but by the bridge, determyned to assaute the Bulwarke: & so as men without feare, came on the bridge: & the Romayns so well defended them, that they slew almost .iiii.M. men. That seeyng the Prince of O∣renge,

& the Marques of Gnasto, with all spede gaue assaute, and not∣withstandyng that the Romaynes shot great ordinaūces, handgonnes quarrels, & all that myght be shot: yet the Imperiall persones neuer shranke, but manly entered the Bulwarke & slew & threw downe out at the loupes all the Romains that thei found, & after rased the bulwarke to the grounde. The Pope was in the Castell Angell and behelde this fyght, & with him were .xxiii. Cardinalles, of which one called the Car∣dinall Sanctorum quatuor, or the Cardinall of Pouche was slayne, & with hym were a .M. Prelates & Priestes .v.C. Genglemen .v.C. soul∣dyers: wherefore immediatly the Capitayns determined to ley Siege to the Castell of s. Angell, lest thei within myght issue out & turne theym to dāmage: wherfore sodeinly a Siege was planted rounde about the Castell.* 15.121 In the meane srason the souldyers fell to spoyle, neuer was Rome so pylled neither of the Gothes, nor Uandales, for the souldiers were not content with the spoyle of the Citizens, but they robbed the Churches, brake vp the houses of close religious persons, & ouerthrew the cloysters & spoyled virgins, & rauyshed maryed women: Men wer tormented if they had not to geue euery new asker or demaunder: some wer strangeled, some wer punyshed by the priuey mēbres, to cause them to confesse their treasure. This woodnesse contynued a great whyle, & some man myght thynke that when they had gotten so moche, then thei would ceasse & be quyet, but that was not so, for they plaied cōtinually at dyce, some .v.C. some a .M. ducates at a cast: & he that came to play laded wtih pla••e, went awai again almost naked, & then fell to ryfelyng agayne. Many of the Citizens whiche coulde not paciently suffre that vexacion, drowned them selues in Tiber: The souldiers daily that ley at the siege, made Iestes of the Pope, sometyme they had one ridyng•• lyke the Pope with a whore behynde hym, sometyme he blessed, & some∣tyme he cursed, and sometyme thei woulde with one voyce call hym An∣tech••ist. And they went about to vndermynde the Castell, and to haue throwen it downe on his head, but the water that ennironeth the castell dispoynted their purpose. In this season the Duke of Urbyne with .xv,M. men came to ayde the Pope: but hearyng that Rome was takē he ••aried, lx. myle frō Rome tyl he heard other word. The Marques of Saluce, & sir Frederico de Bodso with .xv.M. footemen & a .M. horse∣men wer at Uitarbe the .x, dai of Maie. Where thei hering that the citie of Rome was taken also taried. The cardinal of Colume came with an army of Neapolitans to helpe themperours men: but when he saw the crueltie of the souldiers, he dyd lytle to helpe thē, but he hated thē moch

The bisshop of Rome was thus besieged, tyl the .viii. ides of Iuli, at which dai he yelded him selfe for necessitie & penury of al thinges in the castell. And then he was restored to geue Graces & graunte Bulles as he dyd before: but he taryed styll in the Castell saynt Angell, and had a great nombre of Almaynes and Spanyardes to keepe him: But the Spanyardes bare most rule in the Castell, for no man entered nor came

out of the Castell but by them. When the moneth of Iuly came, corne began to fayle in Rome, & the pestilence beganne to waxe strong: wherfore the great Army remoued to a place called Naruya, xl. mile frō Rome▪ leauyng behynde them suche as kepte the bysshop of Rome.

When they were departed, the Spanyardes neuer were contented tyll they had gotten the Almaynes out of the Castell of s. Angell, & so they had the whole custodye of the Pope. This Rome continued in peace tyll Septembre, tyll the Armye came agayne from Naruya: for then the Almayns sware, that they woulde set the Citie and all on fyer, excepte the Pope woulde pay them their full wages.

The bisshop of Rome was sumwhat astonyed, and sent to commen with them, onely two Archebisshops & two Bysshops & two Gentlemē: These syxe persones, the Almayns tooke as pledges, coutrarye to the Popes meanyng, & sayde: they would keepe them there tyll they were payed, & so put them in a strong chaumbre, in the Palace of s. George: and euery day almost they woulde bryng them furth openly, and scolde and chyde with them, & make them beleue that they woulde hang them if they were not payed. And so they kepte them emprisoned in a chaūbre and .xxiiii. watched euery nyght without the chaumbre dore, & .xiiii. all day lykewyse:* 15.122 and yet for all that watche, they got out at a chymney, on saynte Andrewes eue, and were no more seene of them.

This escape was sooner knowen of the Spanyardes that kepte the Pope, then of the Almaynes that watched the dore. The Almaynes were so woode with this chaūce, that thei came to the Prince of Orenge their generall Capitayne, & demaunded money of hym, in suche rigo∣rouse manier, that he was fayne secretely to flee to Senes: & then for hym they chose Capitayne, the Marques of Gnasto, whiche gouerned them tyll February, that he brought them to Naples.

Aboute the .xxviii. daye of Maie, there were letters broughte to the Kyng of Englande from the Frenche kyng, of parte of this troble: but sonday, the second day of Iune, the Kyng receyued letters at the Castell of Wyndsore, by the whiche he perceyued all the ordre & manier of the sackyng of Rome, & taking of the Pope, in manier & forme as you haue hearde: Wherfore the Kyng was sorye, & so were many Prelates: but the Comminaltie lytle mourned for it, and sayde that the Pope was a ruffyan, & was not meete for the roume: wherfore they sayde that he be∣ganne the myschief, & so he was well serued. But the Cardynall which tooke this matter highly, called to hym the Prelates & the Clergy, and muche mourned the fall of the Bisshop of Rome, and saw how the people grudged agaynste the Spiritualtie, for their greate Pride, Pompe, & yll lyuyng: Wherfore he came to the Kyng, & sayde: Sir, by them onely callyng of God, you be made Defendor of the Christian faith: Nowe consydre in what state the Churche of Christe standeth: See howe the head of the Churche of Rome is in captiuitie: See how the holy farthers ••e brought into thraldome, and be without com∣fort,

now shewe your selfe an aide, a defendour of the Church, and god shall reward you.

The kyng answered,* 15.123 my Lorde, I more lament this euel chaunce then my toungue can tell, but where you lay that I am defendor of the faith, I assure you, that this war betwene the Emperor and the Pope, is not for the faith but for temporall possessiōs and dominiōs, and now sith bishop Clemēt is takē by men of war, what should I doo? my persō nor my people cannot him reskue, but if my treasure may help him, take that which to you semeth most conuenient: for the which offer the Cardi∣nall thanked the kyng on his knee,* 15.124 and there vppon the Cardinall cau∣sed to be gathered together of the kynges treasure .xii. score thousande pounde, which he caried ouer the Sea with him, as you shal heare after.

Then the Cardinal sēt cōmissions, as legate to al bishopes, commaū∣dyng that thei shoulde cause in euery parish Churche, solemne processi∣ons to be made for the releuyng of the Pope, and moued the people to fast .iii. daies in the weke, but ••ew men fasted, for the priestes saied, that there commaundement was,* 15.125 to exhorte the lay people to fast and not to fall them selfes: & the lay people saied, that the priestes should first fast, because the verie cause of the fas••yng, lwas for a priest, but none of bothe almoste fasted.

This seasō began a fame in Londō that y^• kynges cōfessor, beyng bi∣shop of Lyncolne, called doctor Lōglād, & diuerse other great Clarkes had told the kyng that the mariage betwene him & the Lady Katheryn, late wife to his brother, prince Arthure, was not good, but damnable & the kyng here vpō should mary, the dutches of Alansō, sister to y^• Frēch kyng at the toūe of Caleis this sommer, & that y^• viscoūt Rochforth had brought with him the picture of the saied Ladi, & that at his retorne out of fraūce y^e Cardinal should passe th•• Se to go into Fraūce to fetch her

This rumor sprāg so much, that the kyng sent for sir Thomas Sei∣mer maior of Londō & straightly charged him to s•• that y^• people should sease of this cōmunicacion, vpō payne of the kynges high displeasu••e.

But whatsoeuer the Commons talked, it was cōcluded by the kyng and his counsayll, that the Cardinall shoulde passe into Fraūce, as his high ambassadour, but for what cause no persone knew but the kyng til his retorne.

Then was much preparacion made at Calleis, for the receauyng of y^e Cardinal, but y^• cōmō saiyng was that y^• kyng would cōe to Caleis & meet with y^• Frēch kyng, & ••or y^• cause such preparaciō was made▪ but he ca•• not there at al, & alwaies the people comoned as thei durst of the kynges mariage.

The iii. day of Iuly,* 15.126 the Cardynall of Yorke, passed thorough the citie of Londō, accōpaigned with many Lordes & Gētlemē, to the nombre of twelue hundreth horse, towarde the Sea side, and at Cauntorburie he rested, & there to the people declared the destruction of Rome, & howe the Pope was in captiuitie with many Cardinalles: wherefore he cau∣sed

a Letany to be sōg by the mōkes of Christes Church, after this ma∣ner.* 15.127 S, Maria, or a pro Clemente papa. S. Petri ora pro Clemente papa. & so furth al y^• letany: thē he exhorted the people to fast & pray for his deliueraūce which fewdid.

The xi. day of Maye, the Cardinal with al his traine, toke shipping at Douer, and the same day lāded at Caleis, wher he was receiued with procession, and with the hole garrison of the towne.

Whē the Cardinal was lāded,* 15.128 there were set on lande .xvi. barrelles al ful of gold of the kynges money, which wer deliuered to the capitain of the castel in charge: of this money the people much grudged, & saied this money shalbe spēt out of y^• realme, & yet Englishemē shal haue no parte nor proffit of it, but only it shalbe spēt for y^e Cardinalles pleasure and the Frenche kynges, and the Popes proffite.

The Cardinal was so sore displeased with the Emperour for kepyng the Pope in prysō (although it wer agaynst his wil & knowlege••) that he imagened al the wayes and meanes possible how to hurte & dommage themperour & therfore he set for thenglish marchaūtes, willing them to kepe y^e mar••e at Caleis, bu thei āswered that y^• towne of Caleis, was a towne of warre, & al marchaūtes must haue libertie at al houres of the night, in the marte season, whiche thei coulde not haue at Caleis: also the hauen is not able to receiue greate Hulkes, and Carikes that come to a marte:* 15.129 but some marchaūtes to please the Cardinal, brought their clothes to Caleis, and so caused ther frendes of Andwarpe to come to Caleis, & to say, that thei had bought the marchaūtes clothes, & ther at Caleis paied the custome, & so caried them, to the towne of Andwarp at thēglish mēnes charge, & ther sold thē to the great losse of thēglishmē.

While the Cardinal lay in Calleis, the Frenche men daily resorted to Calleis, to welcome the Cardinall, and sodenly there vpon a noyse sprang that Calleis should be deliuered, to the Frenche kyng, whiche vayne saiyng, made many men muse,

But the .xxii. day of Iuli, the Cardinall departed oute of Calleis, & with hym was the lorde Cutberd Tūstal bishop of London, the Lorde Sandes, Chamberlayn to the kyng, the Earle of Darby, sir Henry Guildforde, sir Thomas More, with many knightes and squyres, to y^• numbre of .xii.C. horse, & in the cariages .lxxx. wagons, & .lx. moyles and sumpter horses & at Sandifelde, met with him the coūtie Brian gouer∣nour of Picardie, & Monsir de Bees, capitaine of Bullein, with .iiii.C men of armes, well appareiled, with banners displaied & al well horsed, which with trumpets & melodie receiued the Cardinal, & at Marguisō there met hym the Cardinal of Lorayn,* 15.130 & .vi. bishoppes, & xl. gentlemē, wel furnished, & in their cōpany .iiii.C. horse, and so thei rode furthe to Bullein where the burges them receiued.

And at the gate was made a pageaunte in the which was a Nonne called holy churche, & thre Spaniardes & thre Almaynes had her vio∣lated, and a Cardinall her reskued, and set her vp of newe agayne.

A nother Pageaunte, was a Cardinal geuyng a Paxe to the Kyng

of England and the French kyng, in token of peace, a nother Paegant was the Pope, liyng vnder, and the Emperour sittyng in his Maiestie, and a Cardinall pulled downe the Emperoure, and set vp the Pope.

Whē wise men sawe this Pagiaunt, thei smiled & saied, well can the Frenche kyng flatter, for harde it were for one Cardinall to subde him that hath pulled downe the master of all Cardinalles.

Many wordes wer spokē in reproue of this pageaūt, but stil with great triūph rode these .ii. Cardinalls together, to the Abbey vnder a Canapie boren ouer them, & there lodged.

The morow beyng the thre & twentie day he with al his traine remoued toward Muttrel, & .ii. mile without the towne ther met with him the bai∣lies, ther to him was made a solempne oraciō, & whē he came to the towne he was receiued with the Clergie, & ther the Englishmen had strayt lodg¦ing, the nombre was so greate, & so y^e morowe he remoued toward Abbe∣uil wher he was reciued of the Baylife and aduocates of the towne, and then of the garison of men of warre of the towne, and there was he recei∣ued with procession, and Pageauntes to his praise vnder a Canapie, and so brought to the Chruch, and after to his lodging, and all the Ca∣napies were set with T C for Thomas Cardinal, and so were al his ser∣uauntes cotes.

The third day of August in the Citie of Amias, came the Frenche kyng in a cote of blakce Ueluet vpon white Satin, and tied with la∣ces agglated with golde, and with him, the kyng of Nauer, and the Car∣dinall of Burbon, the greate master, the Duke of Uandosme, Monsir de Guise, and Monsir Uaudemount his brother, and the Frenche kyn∣ges mother▪ with many Lordes and Ladies, which were there solemp∣lie receiued.

And on Sōday the .iiii. daie of August, the Cardinal came fro Pick∣queny toward Amias, in which towne he lay the night before, and in the way he was receiued with the prouost of the Citie, and many honorable personages of the citie, and after the•••• came the Iustices and aduoca∣tes and with an eloquent oracion saluted him, and when he was with in halfe a myle of the towne, the Frenche kyng hym selfe with all his No∣bles mette with him, and louinglie embraced him, and welcommed him and after toke all the Nobles of England, by the hand, and so brought the saied Cardinall to Amias: where for hym were deuised many Pagiauntes, to his prayse, and euer he was called Cardinalis pacificu•• the Cardinall pacifique, and so was writen at the gate of his lodg∣ing.

The Frenche kyng brought the Cardinal to his lodging, & he would haue brought the kyng to his Courte agayne, but he would in nowise suffre him, but left him in his lodgyng and the same night the Cardinal rode to visit the Frenche kynges mother, & there he had long communi∣cacion and so departed to his lodging.

The .v. day of August the Cardinal with the great estates of Fraūce was conueighed to the Frenche kynges Courte, where he was receined of the Frenche kynges garde, and in the first Chambre he was receiued of Knightes & gētlemen, In the the secoūd Chambre, of Earls Barons and bishoppes. In the third of Ladies•• in which chambre the kyng lay on a bed, and his mother sate hy him, because he had a sore Legg. Then the Cardinal shewed his commission, which was very large, and in that was none but he alone: the Bishop of London and the Lorde Sandes, were in another commission, but that was not shewed than, nor thei cal∣led to counsail. There was the Cardinall highly thanked of the greate loue that he bare to the house of Fraunce: Then he & the Frēch Lordes fell to counsaile, first concernyng the Articles of peace, & for the suerty of performaunce of the same, and so that day thei sat foure houres, and so euery day was the Cardinall in Counsaile with the Frenche kynges Counsaile, tyll the .xxviii. day of August, at which day was made in the Cathedrall Churche of Amias, for the Cardinall of Englande a place on the North side of the Churche for his Traues, & directly in the middes of the quere was a curious chappell wroughte of carued wood all gilt set for the Frenche kyng and his mother, which was coue∣red with Crimosyn veluet, richely embrodered and hanged with clothes of Antike makyng, set with pearle & stone, very curiously: The Masse was song by a Cardinall, and after Masse, the French kyng and diuers of his Lordes, were sworne to kepe the league, & then was a great Char∣ter sealed on the high aultare, & deliuered to the Cardinal by the kynges awne hand, and then the Cardinall of England gaue to theim all (as he saied clere remission) and then was Te deum song, and so thei all depar∣ted.

Now will I leaue the Cardinall styll at Amias in counsaill, and re∣torne to Sir Fraunces Poynes, & Clarēceaux which were at this tyme arriued in Spaine, in the towne of Uale Doli••e, the third day of Iuly, where thei found Doctor Le•• the kynges Almoner: there ambassadour for the kyng of Englande, & with him taried till the sixte day of Iuly, & then Sir Fraunces Poynes was brought to his presēce, and deliuered the kyng his masters letter, and beside that praied his Maiestie to cō∣sider what the kyng of England had doen for hym sence his tendre age, how that he holpe him•• at all times with money and treasure, and howe that at suche tyme as the Lordes of Spayne would not receiue hym as there kyng duryng his mothers life, yet by the kynges meane and his greate labour and cost▪ he was to that Realme receiued: And also howe the kyng of England had alwaies defended and protected the contreys of Flaunders, Brabant, and zeland, against all persones, and in the quarell of themperoure he had strongly inuaded the Realme of Fraūce so that by his inuasion at home, themperour had obteyned great victo∣rie in forein places, which he could not haue done, if al the whole realme of Fraunce had ben without any enemies at home: wherefore the kyng

him as reason woulde, the one halfe of the profite of the battail of Pauy and also for his parte he required the duke of Orleaūce to be deliue∣red to him, and also to paie to the kyng, fourtie thousād pownde, which he ought to him as money lent, towardes his charges: and farther that he shoulde delyuer the Pope, and make him a resonable amendes, & no farther to make warre on him or his dominions.* 15.131 The Emperor after this demaunde, answerered, sir we assure you that the loue of our vncle of England, toward vs and the manifolde benefites that we haue recei∣uid of him and by his meanes we shal neuer forget, and although oure power be not able to recompence thesame, yet our good will shall neuer fayle, to endeuer vs to do him pleasure: and as concernyng his letters we with oure counsaile shall take aduice, and we trust you shall haue a reasonable answere, during which time, you may repose you, and althin∣ges necessarie shalbe at your commaundement: with this answere, Sir Fraūces departed at this time. Whē it was knowen in Spaine, that the kyng of England was alied with the Frenche kyng, the Spaniardes spake largeli and saied that thei cared not for the kyng of England, and saied farther that all this was the drift of the Cardinall, and by reason hereof the Englishe marchanntes were euil entertained in Spaine, but the Emperoure perceiuing this, gaue a generall commaundement, that all Englishmen shoulde be orderid and reputed as his louing frendes.

In this very moneth, tidynges was brought to the Emperour, howe the inhabitauntes of Turnei conspired to distroy Monsire Delanoies their Capitaine, and deuised to bid him to a banket, & so to ••••ey hym & al that loued the Emperour, but as God would, he had knowlege of this treason, and toke the chefe Capitaynes, and did on the sharp execuci∣on for feare whereof many fled into fraunce.

The Emperour within a day or twayne called to hym Doctor Lee, & Syr Fraunces Poynes the kyng of Englandes ambassadors, & saied, my lordes, we haue percei••ed the kyng your masters requests, which be greate and of a waightie Importaunce, wherefore wee entend with all spede to write to the kyng our vncle, and when we haue receiued answere from him, wee shall delyuer you of suche thinges as you demaund, prai∣yng you in the meane season, to take pacience, and so for the tyme they departed.

By this tyme was it knowen that the Cardinall of England was with the Frenche kyng, & ful well knew the Emperour that the Cardi∣nall woulde doo all for to aide the Frenche kyng and to domage hym yet had he a great pencion of the Emperour.

The Englishe Marchauntes fearing the sequele of this matter, co••∣ueighed away there goodes daily out of the Emperours dominions: but still the Englishe ambassadours came to the Emperours Courte, and one day the Emperour saied to them, my Lordes, I marueill how the Kyng myne vncle is moued aginst me & my subiectes, I assure you

I wyl no warr with hym, I trust in his faithful promes, & his accusto∣med goodnes, & his people I take as my frēdes. If he loue the Frēche kyng I may not so do, for he to me is vntrue & kepeth no iust promise, and we neuer compelled him to make any offer, but his offer was of his owne mocion and he also sworne to mainteine the same, whiche he now refuseth, and to our great preiudice hath persuaded against vs our dere vncle of England by peruers imaginacions, whiche I trust will neuer be our enemy. This many tymes the Emperor would comen with the Englishe ambassadors whiche lay in Spayne.

But now must I returne to the Cardinal of England whiche lay at Amyas, there was great counsailyng from day to day: Fyrst how the Pope should be deliuered and the sea of Rome brought to a quietnes: Secondarily how to bryng the Emperor to some reasonable agrement so that the Frenche kynges children might be deliuered. It was well considered that themperor had a great ••ordell by reason of the sayd .ii. hostages, which fordele might perchaunce so stomacke him y^• he would agre to no new condicions nor agrementes. The it was answered on the otherside that if a great armye were sent into Italy whiche might driue the Emperors power out of Italy, then that armye should set the Pope a•• libertie & also driue themperor to come to their purpose, or els he should le••se both the realmes of Naples & Scycylle, and the duchie o•• Myllayn and other dominions, wherfore the Frenche kyng determi∣ned to ••end an army royal into Italy vnder the conduict of Mounsire O••yt de Law••rick erle of Foys, whiche was appointed afore in Iune to go to the borders of Italy with a smal nomber, but now to him was assigned viii.M. Bretons with notable capitaines of thesame coūtrey, and viii.M. Normans with like capitaines, and viii.M. Gascoynes, and vi.M. Burgonions, iii.M. Sauosyns, viii.M. Swyches and Al∣maines, and vi.M. Pycardes of whiche men were v.M. horsemen vn∣der the conduict of Mounsire Ealyas, & in this army went sir Robert Iernyngham & Ihon Carew of Hakam and lxxx. other Englishe gen∣tlemen whiche were sent thither by the Cardinal from Amyas. When this army was assembled, the Cardinal deliuered the kyng of Englan∣des mony that he had brought out of England in barrels as you haue heard,* 15.132 with whiche money was this armye payed two monethes before hand, and the remnant was deliuered to sir Robert Iernynghā whiche was called treasorer of the warres. In this army were .iii.M. cariage men, and aduenturers .iiii. thousand, so that when they were ouer the mountaines they were lix.M. men, and some writers say C. thousand. This armye was called in Latin Excercitus Angli•• et Gallorum Regum, pr•• Pontific•• R••mano liberando congregatus, that is to say, the armye of the kynges of Eng∣land, and Fraunce gathered for the deliueraunce of the bishoppe of Rome, and so was this armye reputed. Although fewe people knewe at the beginnyng in Englande of the conueiyng of the money ouer

the sea, yet when the Englishe coyne was the common payment of the armye it was then openly knowen: then many menne sayd alas, so muche mony spent out of the realme, and of this charge the realme shal not be one peny the better, the kyng hath had of vs a loane and that is not payde, and the great subsedie was graūted to make the kyng riche and now is that money to helpe our olde enemies and the Pope whiche neuer shall do vs good, this the people spake and muche worse. While the Cardinal was with the Frenche kyng, the Pope sent to him a bull and made him Uycar general vnder him through al the kyng of Eng∣landes dominions, and there by a bull he created Anthony de Prato bishop of Sens and Chauncelor to the Frenche kyng a Cardinal with great solempnitie. The Cardinall for his solace rode with the Frenche kyng to Compeigne and Mountdedier, and was euer highly feasted of the kyng and his mother and of the Chauncellor of Fraunce, and of all the nobilitie. The was it concluded by the Cardinal & the Frēche kynges counsail what articles of offer should be sent to the Emperor, whiche if he refused then open defiaunce to be made to him in the name of bothe the kynges: The profters were these.

❧ Fyrst that the Frenche kyng should pay for his raunsome xxv.M. crounes whiche amounteth to v.M. pound sterlyng, one writer calleth it two myllions of crounes.

The second to release all the pencion that he had in Naples with al the right of the same.

The third, that he should neuer clayme title to the duchie of Myllain. That .iiii, that he should release the superioritie of Flaunders for euer & the right that he had to the citie of Turnay.

The v. to release all the homages of all other persones within the sayd countreys.

The .vi. to withdrawe his army out of Italy.

The .vii. to forsake the ayde of the Swyches against the Emperor.

The viii. to take no more the part of Robert de la Marche against the Emperor.

The .ix. neuer to ayde the kyng of Nauerne against him, although he had maried the kynges sister.

The .x. neuer to ayde y^• duke of Gelder nor to chalenge thesame duchy.

The .xi. to ayde the Emperor with shippes and men to his coronacion.

The .xii. to mary lady Elianor the quene of Portyngale sister to the Emperor.

The .xiii. that the Dolphyn shoud mary the sayd quenes daughter.

The .xiiii. that if the Frenche kyng had any children male by the sayd quene, then the duchy of Burgoyne to remayne to the sayd child bryng a male.

The .xv. that the Frenche kyng should be frende to the Emperor & his frendes, and enemy to his enemyes.

These with many other articles whiche wer not openly knowen wer

sent to the bishop of Tarby and the vicount of Thorayn ambassadors to the Emperor from the Frenche kyng. And other articles wer sent to the kyng of Englandes ambassadors beyng in Spayne: fyrst to moue the Emperor to take a reasonable peace with the Frenche kyng.

Also that the kyng of England would release to him all the summes of money due to him aswel by themperor Maximilian his graūdfather as by himselfe, and take the Frenche kyng as detter for thesame.

Item if the Emperor would not therto agree, then the Frenche kyng should mary the lady Mari doughter to the kyng of Englād and they both to be enemies to the Emperor.

When all these thinges wer concluded, the Cardinal toke his leaue of the Frenche kyng and his mother (whiche tolde him that a noble ambassade should be shortly sent again into England from the realme of Fraunce for fortefiyng of all conclusions) and so the sayd Cardinall with great rewardes returned with all his traine & by iorneys the last day of September he came to Rychmond to the kyng of England and there ascertained the kyng of all his doynges, but so could no lord that then was in Cōmission with him, for they knew nothyng of all his do∣ynges, whiche sore greued their stomackes.

The Cardinal whiche muche reioysed in this peace, came y^• fyrst day of the terme into the starre chamber & there by his cōmaundement wer present the lordes spiritual and temporal of the kynges counsail, and the Maior and Aldermen of the citie of London, and the iudges of the lawe, & all the Iustices of peace of all shyres then beyng at Westmin∣ster. And then he sayd, how muche is the realme of England bounde to God for the high peace that now is concluded? A high peace, yea suche a peace as was neuer cōcluded betwene no realme, for by my labor and industry I haue knit the realmes of England and Fraunce in suche a perfite knot y^• it shal neuer fayle, for the thre estates of Fraunce (whiche here we cal a Parliament) haue affirmed thesame, and therfore now my lordes be mery for the kyng shal neuermore charge you with warres in Fraunce, nor the Mayer and other marchaūtes shall neuer be charged farther with expences, so that with exaccions for warres of Fraūce you shall no more be charged, for the kyng shall haue no nede, because that he by this league shalbe the richest prince of the world, for I assure you he shal haue more treasure out of Fraūce yerely then all his reuenewes and customes amount to, yea and counte his wardes, forfeites and all suche casualties. Now syth you haue suche an honorable peace & suche a profitable peace how muche be you boū•• to him which hath brought this peace about•• for this is a peace in secula seculorum. And because this peace is so noble it is sealed with a seale of golde, and so he caused all there present to looke on the seale, whiche was the verye great seale of Fraunce printed in fine gold: at this tale many a man after laughed to thinke how the Cardinall lyed, for they knew that that he sayd was for his owne glory, and nothyng should folowe as he sayd.

The Frenche kyng accordyng to his appointment sent the lorde Annas of Momorancy great Master of his house and after that high Constable of Fraunce, and the bishop of Bayon, the chiefe president of Roan and Mounsire de Hunyers, as his Ambassadors to the kyng of England accompanyed with lx. gentlemen well appointed, whiche the xiiii. day of October lāded at Douer whose seruauntes demeaned thē selfes so in passyng through Kent that muche busines was to lodge thē in Lōdon, but the Cardinal cōmaunded corporacions of the citie to pro¦uide lodgyng for them whiche was neuer seen before, wherat the people murmured sore, saiyng that the Cardinal was all Frenche. So on the xx. day of October the sayd ambassadors wer met on Blacke heth by y^• marques of Exeter, the bishop of London, the Uycount Rocheford and lorde Moūtioy with many men of honor & gentlemen to the nomber of v.C. horses and more. The Maior and Aldermen of the citie of Lōdon and the chiefe comminers on horsebacke in their gounes mette the sayd ambassadors at S. Georges bar & there was made to them a solempne Oracion, & so frō thence they wer conueyed through Lōdon to y^• bishop of Londons palays & there and nere there about they wer well lodged.

The citezens of London presēted them with v. fat oxen, xx. shepe, xii. Swannes,* 15.133 xii. Cranes, xii. Fesantz, iiii. dosyn Patriches, xx. loaues of Suger, Comfettes & other spyce and waxe, and viii. hoggesheades of wyne with many other thinges whiche I cannot reherse.

On tewsday beyng the xxii. day or Septēber, the sayd ambassadors wer conueyed by water to Grenewyche, where before the kyng sittyng vnder his clothe of estate the foresayd Mounsire Bayon president of Roan made an eloquent proposicon in the whiche he muche thāked the kyng for sendyng so high an ambassador as the Cardinall was, a man of suche prudence & wit as it appeared by y^• knittyng of the league, that like to him could none be found, for by hs only mediacion the .ii. prin∣ces wer accorded so surely as neuer wer princes before that time, so y^• by this cōfederacion the Pope & his Cardinals whiche wer in captiuitie & thraldome should by the power of these .ii. princes be deliuered & all the Emperors power should be clene banished & driuen out of Italy, and the Pope should be restored to his olde estate and dignitie again.

When this Oracion was done & an answere made to thesame, the kyng welcomed al the gentlemen of Fraunce & then thei had wyne and spyce brought to them, wherof they toke part and dranke & so departed to their barge. Daily these ambassadors repaired to y^e cardinals place and there wer highly entertained, & the morow after S. Symons day & ••ude the bishop of Bayon & a great nomber of y^e Frenchegentlemen dyned at the Maiors feast, & so they taried in London til Al••alonday, on whiche day the kyng accompanied with the ambassadors of Fraūce & all his nobilitie rode to the Cathedral churche of S. Paule wher the Cardinal sang Masse, & after masse done y^• people wer desired to pray, that by their praiers Pope Clement might the soner be deliuered out of

captiuitie: and when that wa•• done the kyng of England before the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 sware to kepe and performe the league. The cōmon people sayd what ••ede all this swearyng, the Frenche kyng was once sworne and all his nobilitie, yea & all his good tounes, but yet they brake with vs, and so will they againe when they see an a••auntage.

For the more loue to be engendered betwene these two princes it was concluded y^• the kyng of England should elect the Frēche kyng knight of the noble order of the Garter,* 15.134 and that the Frenche kyng should elect the kyng of England companion of his order of saint Mychel, whiche ••leccions passed on both parties. Wherfore in all spede y^e kyng sent sir Arthur Plantagenet Uycount Lysle & bastard sonne to kyng Edward the fourth, Doctor Taylor Master of the Rolles, sir Nycholas Carew knight Master of y^e kynges horses, and sir Anthony Broune knight, & sir Thomas Wryothesley knight bryng Garter kyng of armes of the order, with the whole habite coller and habilimentes of y^• order, whiche order he receiued on sonday the x. day of Nouēber in the citie of Parys & rode in the sayd habit frō the house of saint Poule to our lady church and there heard a solempne Masse & dyned in his robe of the order, ha∣uyng with him thambassadors of Englād, and thesame night he made to them a banket & so the next day they departed. In likewyse the selfe same sonday the kyng at Grenewiche receiued y^• order of saint Mychel by the handes of the great Master of Fraunce and Mounsire Huniers compaignions of thesayd order:* 15.135 and they al there ware the Mantels of the sayd order whiche were of cloth of siluer embrodered with Fraūces knottes & kocle shelles & the collor was of thesame deuise hauing han∣gyng before the brest the image of saint Mychel, and in these Mantels they went doune to the chapel to Masse and there heard Masse, whiche was ••ong by a bishop, & after Masse they returued to the kinges cham∣ber where was made a great feast, and after diner whiche was late thei were conueyed into the tyltyard and there were Iustes of pleasure xii. against xii. whiche valiauntly furnished their courses til they had bro∣ken C. staues, and then they departed, for night was sodainly come.

Then the kyng brought the Ambassadors to the newe banket chamber whiche was hāged with a costly verdor all new, the ground therof was all gold and the flowers were al of Sattyn siluer of that by the bright∣somenes of the gold, the flowers appeared so freshly that they semed as they were growyng in dede, the cupberdes of gold and gilte plate with the eweryes, thesame I ouer passe because you haue heard thereof in the beginnyng of this yere. Then the kyng, quene & ambassadors satte doune to supper & were serued with lxxxx. dishes, all the galleryes and chambers were full of lordes, knightes & gentlemen, & the ga••rates a∣boue full of Frenche lackays & verlettes whiche wer plēteously serued.

After supper was done, the kyng led the ambassadors into the great chamber of disguisynges,* 15.136 & in the ende of thesame chamber was a foū∣taine, and on the one side was a Hawthorne tree all of silke with white

flowers, and on the other side of the fountaine was a Mulbery tree ful of fayre beryes all silke, on the toppe of the Hawthorne was the armes of England compassed with the coller of the garter of S. Mychel, & in the toppe of the Moulberie tree stode the armes of Fraunce within a garter. This fountaine was all of white Marble grauen & chased, the bases of thesame were balles of golde supported by rampyng beastes wounde in leues of golde. In the fyrst worke were gargylles of golde fiersly faced with spoutes runnyng, The second receit of this foūtaine was enuironed with wynged serpentes all of golde whiche gryped the second receite of the fountain, & on the sōmit or toppe of thesame was a fayre lady, out of whose brestes ran aboundantly water of merueilous dilicious sauer. About this foūtaine were benches of Rosemary fret••ed in braydes layde on gold, all the sydes sette with roses in braunches as they wer growyng about this fountaine, On the benches sat viii. fayre ladies in straung attier & so richely apparelled in clothe of gold embro∣dered and cut ouer siluer, that I cannot expresse the connyng workemā∣ship therof. Then when the kyng and quene were set, there was played before them by children in the Latyn tongue in maner of Tragedy,* 15.137 the effect wherof was that y^• pope was in captiuitie & the churche brought vnder the foote, wherfore S. Peter appeared and put the Cardinal in authoritie to bryng the Pope to his libertie and to set vp the churche a∣gaine, and so the Cardinal made intercession to the kinges of England and of Fraunce, that they tooke part together, and by their meanes the pope was deliuered. Then in came the Frenche kynges children and complayned to the Cardinal how the Emperor kept them as hostages and would not come to no reasonable point with their father, wherfore they desired y^• Cardinal to helpe for their deliueraūce, whiche wrought so with the kyng his master and the Frenche kyng that he brought the Emperor to a peace, and caused the two yong princes to be deliuered. At this play wisemen smyled & thought that it sounded more glorious to the Cardinal then true to the matter in dede.

When the play was done and iiii. companies of maskers daunsed, the kyng, the great master of Fraunce, the duke of Suffolke, the mar∣ques of Exceter, sir Edward Newel and other thre apparelled in cloth of gold and purple Tynsell sattyn set with cutte warkes of cloth of sil∣uer plyghted goord fret and folded eche clothe vpon other, and one plucked vnder another very richely: they had also mantels of crimosyn Sattyn cast about them Bauderike wise, so that the other garmentes might largely appeare, and then they entered with noyse of mynstrelsie and toke the ladies that sat about the fountaine and daūsed with them very lustely, and when they had daunsed inough then they put of their visers and were knowen, and so with disporte al this night passed.

The next day the great master and all his company toke their leaue of the kyng (except the bishop of Bayon whiche abode as Ambassador in England) and were highly rewarded,* 15.138 and so passed to Douer and toke

shippe there and landed at Bullein.

After that the Frenchmen wer departed y^• cōmons spake sore against the Cardinal & sayd that the Frenchemen did neuer good to England, and for the Cardinals pleasure we should forsake out olde frēdes and receiue our olde enemies. When the Cardinal heard of these saiynges he was not content, wherfore he sent a Cōmission to the Maior of Lō∣don to cōmaunde al men not to talke of y^e kinges affayres & busines or of y^e quene, or of the kynges coūsail. And if any persone spake or talked of any of these matters, then he to be taken & brought to the Cardinal. When this commaundement was once knowen, euery man mistrusted other and noman durst breake his mynde to other.

In this moneth of Nouember the Cardinal as legate called y^• whole clergie before him a Westminster & there he sayd that all the abusions of the churche should be amended,* 15.139 but he did nothyng therto, but abiu∣red Arthur, Bylney, Geffery Lome, and Garret that spake against the Popes aucthoritie and his pompe and pride.

By reason of the great raines whiche fell in the sowyng tyme & in the beginnyng of the last yere, now in the beginnyng of this yere corne be∣gan sore to fayle throughout the realme, insomuche that in the citie of London,* 15.140 bread for a while was very skant and people did starue dayly for bread, for wheat so failed that none could be gotten for money. Sa∣uyng that the kyng of his goodnes sent to the citie of his owne proui∣sion vi.C. quarters, or els for a weeke there had been litle bread in Lō∣don, yet was the scarcitie more then y^• derth: For then wheate was only at xv.s. the quarter & frō thēce it rose to xx.s. and after to xxvi.s.viii.d. the quarter. Men sayd that the negligēce was in sir Thomas Seymer knight then Maior. Many substancial men would haue made proui∣sion for their houses, but they feared left the cōminaltie would haue ta∣ken it from them. Then were cōmissions sent into all shyres and com∣missioners appointed to se what wheat was in the realme, and the com∣missioners ordered that no wheate should be conueyed out of one shyre to another, whiche cōmaundement had like to haue raysed trouble, and specially the citie of London w^t thesame was sore agreued, for thei had no arable ground to sowe, but must make prouision with money, which prouision was them denyed in diuers shyres by that cōmaundement, whereat the citezens grudged, so the Maior and Aldermen seyng that the people began to murmur, came to the Cardinal & moued him of the mischiefe that was like to ensue: either the people must dye for famyne or els they with strong hand will fetche corne from them that haue it.

To whō he answered y^• they should haue wheat inough out of Fraūce, for the Frenche kyng sayd to me {quod} the Cardinal that if he had but thre bushels of corne in all Fraunce, England should haue twayne so muche he loueth & regardeth this realme: with this answere they de∣parted & euery day loked for Frēche wheate but none came: and farther suche wheat as y^e marchaūtes of England had brought and shipped in

Normādy and other places wer there restrained, so that the relefe there failed, but the gentle marchaūtes of y^• Styliard brought frō Danske, Breme, Hamborough and other places great plētie, & so did other mar∣chaūtes from Flaūders, Holand, and Frisland, so that wheat was bet∣ter chepe in Lōdon then in all England ouer. Then the people sayd, see how we had been serued by the Frenchemen in our necessitie if thempe∣rors subiectes had not holpen vs. For this kyndnes the cōmon people loued themperor the better & all his subiectes. The kyng of his good∣nes hearyng that y^e wheat in Fraunce was stopped, mused not a litle, & so for comfort of his citie of Lōdon he lent M. quarters, for the whiche they both thāked him and praied for him. Then within short space the marchauntes of London so diligently made prouision in all places for Wheate & Rye, that after Christmas they lacked none, and all the par∣ties adioynyng to them wer faine to fetche wheate of them and none to them was denied, notwithstādyng their vnkynd cōmaundement geuen that the Londoners should none haue of them.

Now let vs speake of the army y^• the lorde Lawtrick had into Italy at y^e charges of the kyng of England & the Frenche kyng for y^• deliue∣raūce of pope Clement. The lorde Lawtrick after that his whole army was come to him to Lyons, & that al thinges necessary wer in readines, then he set forward with great diligence: but or he had passed y^• moun∣taines y^• Uenicians army was come into Lōbardy abidyng y^e cōmyng of the Frenchemen, & in the meane season thei marched toward thempe∣rors army whiche lay at y^• citie of Myllain. Wherof hearing Anthony de Leua with viii.C. Almaines and Spaniardes on foote, & as many Italyans marched forward to mete w^t thē, & by force caused thē to take the toune of Meligna for refuge, wher he hearyng y^• Ihon de Medices with a great nomber wer cōmyng toward the Uenicians, he in the eue∣nyng or his enemies were, aware sodainly set on the sayd Ihon de Me∣dyces, whiche began to set his men in an order, but he was so enclosed that he could do nothyng, but tooke his horse and fled and le••t his com∣pany alone, whiche were slaine almoste all, and lost .iiii. great pieces of ordinaunce, whiche Anthony de Leua car••ed with him to Myllam. In whiche season the lorde Lawtrick with his army was pas••ed the moun∣taines and was come to the citie of As••er abidyng the Swyches, where he heard tell how that Lewe Erle of Lodron with a great crew of Al∣maines was come to the toune to Boskenye Alexādry with money and vitail to ayde the Almaines that kept Alexandrye: wherfore he sent his horsemen to stoppe them that they should not passe to Alexandry, and after them he folowed with his whole army and beseged them in Boske whiche a certain daies defended, but at the last they yelded the toune, & became souldiers to the lorde Lawtrick. In this same season Andrewe Dorye admyral of the Frenche nauy lay before the hauen of Gene and kept the Genowayes from al marchaundise and vitailes whiche to the citie might repaire, & in especial he letted certain shippes of corne whi∣che

lay at Pont de Ferry betwene Gene and Sauona to come to Gene. The Genowayes whiche lacked corne and were on the land side besie∣ged by a citezen of their owne whiche was on the Frenche part called Cesar Fulgosus, imagined how to bryng the shippes of corne into the citie, and when they sawe that Andrewe Dorye had but xvii. Galyes. They prepared vi. galeyes to fight w^t Andrew Dorye, Duryng which fight the shippes with corne shuld entre y^• hauen. When the galeys wer abrode, a sodain tempest rose with suche a violence, that Andrew Dory was tayne to take y^e port of Saunona for his succor, and so the shippes or corne came safe into the hauen of Geane, & all the galeys in safetie: this good was fortune to Geane at this tyme.

When the citezens of Geane were thus vitailed, they tooke to them good courage and in warlike maner issued out agaīst Cesar Fulgosus whiche knew well that thei had litle more then iii.C. Spaniardes that could skyll of the warre, & as for the remnant were neither of stomacke nor of experience in warre, wherfore he boldly set on them, and whyle thei wer fightyng without, the citezens within whiche be euer mutable, sodainly cried Fraunce Fraunce, whiche ••lamour came to the eares of Adurnus whiche was imperial, wherfore he retired backe into the citie to appeace the rumor, but their enemies folowed them in suche hast that both entred together and, so Geane was become Frenche. Then thither came the lorde Lawtrick and put there a capitaine with a retinue for y^• safe kepyng of the citie. Then Adurnus duke of Geane whiche was in the castle with diuers of the Emperors frendes and lacked vitail & saw no comfort of reskue, yelded the castle vpon condicion to depart with bagge and baggage & so they did. In the meane season certain French∣men whiche wer lefte at Boske defaced the toune and then came before Alexandrie, & there kept a siege volant that no ayde nor succor should come to the toune, till the whole army wer assembled to besiege y^e toune. But for al that purpose, by the Dounes of Alexandrie, Albericke Bar∣bian with v.C. souldiers came into the toune whiche muche comforted the garrison there whiche was in maner dismaied because their ayde at Boske had fayled them. The Frenchmen besieged the toune and bet it with ordinaunce and they within manfully defended it and made new countermures so that their enemies could not enter without ieopardy. But at the last y^• Uenicians brought thither great pieces of ordinaūce which so sore bet the walles that Baptist Lodryn the capitain saw that he was not able to defende it & so he deliuered the toune vpō this cōpo∣sicion that he & his should depart with bagge & baggage, & he nor his to weare no harnys against the Frēche kyng nor his confederates by y^• space of vi. monethes. Then the lorde Lawtrick deliuered the toune to Fraūces Sforcia according to y^• league, which Fraūces put there a cō∣uenient garrisō. Thēce y^• army remoued to Belgrasse which to thē was yelded & also deliuered to y^e duke of Myllain, & frō thēce they remoued toward y^• citie of Myllain, wherof hering Anthony de Leua fortefied y^•

of Myllayn and sent Lewes Barbyan to defende the citie of Pauye.

When the lord Lawtrick was w^t in viii. myle of Myllayn, he sodainly returned toward Pauy, whiche men iudged to be done for y^• displeasure that was done there to the Frenchemen when their kyng was taken, & so the .xix. day of September they besieged Pauye, and daily betwene them wer great skirmishes, but at last they bet the walles so with great ordinaunce that they made the toune assautable. Then the Frenchmen threwe into the dyches fagottes and emptye pypes and shortly entered the toune. The capitain per••eiuyng the toune entered, opened the gate and yelded himselfe prisoner. Then the Frenchmen ••lewe and kylled on euery side, robbed and spoyled houses and churches & spared no person nor place, and of crueltie raūsomed one man v. or vi. tymes, & the Gas∣coynes whiche were moste cruel set fyer in the fayre houses & had brent the whole citie if the lorde Lawtrick after vii. dayes spoilyng had not commaunded them to case. When Pauye was thus taken & spoyled the lorde Lawtrick determined with the Cardinal Innocent Legate of Bonony, whiche was come for the•• deliueraunce of the Pope incōtinent to pas••e to Rome and to driue away al the Emperors power frō thence, and to restore the pope to libertie.

F••aunces Sforcia duke of Myllayn hearyng of this determinacion came to the lorde Lawtri••k to Pauye and required him first to rid the duchy of Myllayn of themperors souldiers rather then to go forward and leaue his enemies behynd him. The lorde Lawtrick answered that he was of thesame opinion, but the cōmission that he had of the Frenche kyng and the kyng of England was, that with all spede he should go forward to deliuer the bishop of Rome, whiche done he faythfully pro∣mised that he would returne and expulse all the Emperors power out of Lombaroy, and in the meane season he would that the duke and the Uenicians should besiege Anthony de Leua in the castle of Myllayn. Duke Fraunces semed to be content with this answere, but yet he per∣ceiued that the Frenche kyng cared not for his restoryng lest he should be emperial. So for that tyme the duke dissembled the matter & tooke possession of the citie of Pauye▪ When the lorde Lowtrick had layen xvi. dayes at Pauy, he dismyssed y^• Swyches whiche in no wise would go with him to Rome, wherfore he marched forward w^t his owne army & came to Plesance where he cōcluded a league with Alphons duke of Farrer & Frederike marques of Mantua, so y^• then he knew wel that he might wel passe in saftie: & then in good order of battail he marched to∣ward Rome for y^• finishyng of his enterprise. But or he was passed out of Lōbardy themperor had sent letters to y^• B. of Rome & excused him self that he neither willed nor commaunded suche mischief to be done, & straightly cōmaunded his capitaines to deliuer him. The prince of O∣renge & other capitaines of themperors hearing his cōmaūdemēt, toke agremēt w^t the pope & his Cardinals•• & so he & xii. Cardinals wer boūd to performe certen articles to y^e nōber of xi. & then he was deliuered out

the Castle sainct Angell the .x. day of December and was conueyed to Oruyet,* 15.141 where after, he had paied certaine money for the souldiars wa∣ges he was put at full libertie & the Emperors people departed from him, and thence he remoued to Ancona. When tidynges was brought into England of his deliueraunce the Cardinal in great hast caused Te deum to be song on Newyeres day in the kinges chapel and declared opēly that he was escaped & sayd not deliuered, which made many men to muse: and on sonday the .v. day of Ianuary the Cardinal with great triumph came to the churche of saint Paule in London, and on him at∣tended diuers prelates of the clergy and there Te deum was song again, and after that doctor Capon opēly declared how that bishop Clement had been long kept in distres by faulte of tyrānes and infidels and so kept as prisoner to the behofe of Charles the Emperor, tyll now of late through the praiers of good Christen people he was escaped the hādes of his enemies, for whiche cause he wylled all men to geue thankes to God: That night were great fyers made in the kynges court and in all London. Shortly after this trueth was knowen, that the Pope was deliuered by composicion and not frely escaped as the Cardinall had blowen abrode, but men sayd that he could not leaue his liyng.

Whyle the lorde Lawtrick was cōtinually goyng forwarde to deli∣uer poeple Clement, he was credibly enformed at Bonnony that he was deliuered and at hs libertie, wherfore he thought his iorney voyde to go to Rome to do nothing, he therfore determined to turne toward Na∣ples and to take the citie if it wer not fortefied or replenished with men of warre, & so accordyng to this purpose he iornied forward with great diligence. The Emperors capitaines perceiuyng the Frenchemennes entent caused all their souldiers to depart out of Rome in the begin∣nyng of February (whiche was against the minde of the souldiers) and so came into the realme of Naples and fortefied certain tounes as they passed, and so came to a toune called Troy and there they taried: This remouyng was to them very {pro}fitable. For if they had taried at Rome thei had been set on with the Italyans on the one side, & the Frenchmen on the otherside, that by euery mannes iudgement they should all haue been taken or slaine. The lorde Lawtrick departed from Bonnony to Inmole and so to Fayance Forlicke, Pezere, Senegal, Ancone, Rauen∣na, Loret and to Ferne whiche is at the foote of the mountaines of Sybylles in the duchie of Bresse percell of the realme of Naples, in whiche toune wer certain nobles of that coūtrey whiche seyng the army so puissant departed thence to Naples. As the armye passed the moun∣taines in the Lent season, there died of very colde v.C. Gascoynes and mo, and so with muche paine they came nere to Troy in Puylle the xv. day of Marche, where the Spaniardes and the Emperors armye lay. Sir Robert Iernynghā of England whiche was capitain of the light horsemen, knowyng their enemies so nere, desired the lorde Lawtrick that he with his company might assay the Spaniardes. The lorde

Lawtreck (whether it was for lacke of corage or that he were corrupted by money) in no wise would suffe sir Robert Iernyngham to fight, but saied he would take theim at a more auantage shortly, whiche answere sore greued sir Robert, in somuche he saied he would accuse hym, to both the kynges their Masters.

The Spaniardes whiche laie at Troy, thought to entre Naples be∣fore the Frenchemen, and so on the .xxi. daie of Marche beeyng Sater∣daie, thei remoued and came to Naples, & fortified the citee, whiche was happie for the Emperor, for surely if the Frenchmen had come first, thei had been Masters of the citee. After the Emperors people wer departed from Troy, as you haue hard, the Frenchemen besieged it, and within a xi. daies it was to them yelded, and from thēce thei remoued to Melphe, a strong litle toune, where thei s••ewe & put to flight .iiii.M. Spaniardes but thei lost many of their men ther, so that this toune was not to theim very profitable: Sith the armie was entered into the realme of Naples there was euer some sickenes emongest them, and in especiall there ray∣gned emongest thē a sore hore feuer, of the whiche many gentlemen died or thei came to Naples, for at the toune of Uerse there died sir Richarde Iernyngham, & Ihon Carew of Hackam, twoo valiant capitaines, sent thether by the kyng of Englande and diuerse other, whiche twoo gentle¦men be there buried.

When the Frenchemen had taken Melphe, thei remoued to Boniuēt and from thence to Magdelon, where thei laye al Easter: and after Ea∣ster thei came before the citee of Naples, and firste thei tooke the palace that standeth without the citee, very pleasant to beholde, and after that was taken, thei planted their siege round aboute the citee, and cast tren∣ches, and made fortificaciōs, for the defence of sodain inuasions of their enemies: all the whole armie laye in an open plaine ground, without co∣uerture very nere the citee, by reason whereof, thei wer sore cūbered with hete and drougth, whereupon ensued greate mortalitie and death, for if thei had lien on the hill side nere couerte, thei had lien more wholesomly, but their intent was to lye nere the ••words••, to the intent to kepe their ene∣mies straight, and therfore thei planted their ••words•• the playne, whiche turned them to muche displeasure and disease. Thus was the siege plā∣ted before Naples, in the beginnyng of Aprill, & continued till the .xxvi. daie of August nexte insuyng, and then by meane of mortalitie thei re∣moued as you shall here.

While the lord Lawtreck was thus passing toward Naples, sir Frā∣ces Poynes Knight, whiche was sent with Clarenseaux kyng of Armes into Spain to the Emperor, returned into England before Christmas, in thende of December, and left Clarenseaux behynde, to bryng farther answere frō themperor of thynges demaunded, wherof he said he would take longer auice or he would answere. This sir Frances reported that the Emperor so muche fauored and estemed the kyng of Englande, that at his onely request and contemplacion, he had released and discharged

twelue articles, whiche wer moste greuous & disprofitable to the Frēche kyng, not for the Frenche kynges sake, but at the intercessiō of the kyng of Englande: yet this notwithstandyng, the Cardinall so muegled the kyng, that he so highly fauored the Frenche kyng, that all his causes he tooke and reputed as his awne, and did all that he might, to bryng the Frenche kynges purposes aboute.

The Emperor before this time had written to the Frenche kyng, and also aduertised thereof the Frenche Ambassadors, that laye in Spaine, that he would that the Frenche Kyng should sende to hym a diffinitiue answere, if he would withdrawe his people out of Italy or not, and lett the Duchie of Millain alone, and to cease of all Inuasions or not, and this answere to bee geuen the last daie of Ianuary folowyng, and if the said Frenche kyng answered not by that day, then the lacke of answer to be taken for a defiaunce. Then the French Ambassadors before the daie, shewed to the Emperour, the proffe•• whiche the Frenche kyng offered to hym in articles, as you haue harde before, in the conclusion taken at A∣mias by the Frenche Kyng and the Cardinall in August laste passed.* 15.142 Whiche profers when the Emperoure had hard and seen, he saied to the Ambassadours, we thought surely that our cosin the Frenche kyng and we, had been at a full conclusion, when the league and appoyntmēt was agreed at our toune of Madrill: for when he sued for his deliueraunce to vs, he and his counsaill offered vs certain profers, whiche wee neuer demaunded, but we of pitie hauyng compassion of his affliccion, accep∣ted thesaied offers, and agreed to his deliueraunce, whiche Articles he promised in the othe of a Kyng, & also on the holy Euangelistes, to per∣forme to the vttermoste, and thē inuiolatly to obserue and kepe. Wher∣vpon wee clerely remitted, and deliuered hym into his countrey, of all whiche promises he hath performed none, wherfore we take hym as per∣iured, and not worthy to be trusted, and nowe he offereth newe offers, whiche he cannot performe, as for the money we beleue he is able to pay▪ but as for money dewe for the kyngdom of Naples, we knowe no suche dutie, for it is our inheritaunce, although kyng Charles the seuenth, by sotletie once vsurped thesame, which he lōg not enioied: as to release his title to Millain, that release is voyde, for the Duchie is Imperiall, and in our gifte as many other seigniories bee: and as touchyng Tournay, ours it is of right and now in our possession: So that in all these thyn∣ges he would release and rendre thynges that he hath not: and as to the withdrawyng of his armie out of Italy, he shall not nede, for wee truste that our armie shall expell theim all Italy, maugre their hartes. And as touchyng the Kyng of Nauarr, the Duke of Gelder, and Robert de la Marche, we of pitie let them alone till we se our tyme, and then thei shall knowe our puyssaunce: And as touchyng his offre to aide vs with a na∣uie, we trust we haue suche a nauie prouided, that we shall nede none of his: and where he saith he will mary our sister quene Aelienor, daughter of Portyngall, if he had been true, that he might haue dooen or this, but

nowe wee entende not to geue her to our enemie: and as touchyng her daughter to bee maried to the Dolphyn, that wee leaue in suspence for this tyme: But where he saieth that he will defend vs, that toucheth our honour, for well knoweth he that our awne might and puyssaunce, hath euer defended vs, and him and his power hath defaced and vanquished wherefore we nede not of his defence, whiche is not able to defende hym¦self: and as touchyng the kyng of Englandes debt, we shall reasonably answere his Ambassadours, for that toucheth not the Frenche Kyng: But now my Lordes Ambassadours, saied the Emperor, let the Frenche Kyng your Master, fulfill the promise that he was sworne to, as a true Prince ought to do, and then he shall haue his children deliuered, or els accordyng to his othe, let hym yelde hymself prisoner again, and so shal his honor and truthe be saued, or els not, so with this answere the Am∣bassadors departed. Neuerthelesse thei daily sued to the Emperour and his Counsaill to take the offers whiche were profered by the Frenche kyng, and emongest other thynges, the warre was sore laied to the Frē∣che Ambassadours charge, for that that the Frenche kyng made warre on the Emperours possessions, without cause and without defiaunce, to whiche accusement thei answered that that armie was procured by the Cardinal of Englande, when he was at Amias, for the deliuery of Cle∣ment Bishoppe of Rome, and that the kyng of England bare the moste charge. When the Emperour hard this answere, he sent for the Ambas∣sadoure of Englande, and to hym saied: My Lorde Ambassadoure, I muche maruaill why the kyng your Master, hath so great loue to the Frenche kyng, his newe reconsiled frende, and withdrawen his loue frō me, that am his cosyn and alye: How fortuneth this, that your olde aun∣cient enemies bee now in fauoure, and your olde frendes cast out of fa∣uoure. I se well there is indignaciō had at our estate, and waies sought to greue vs, whiche wee hope to withstande: But who would haue thought that our Uncle of Englande, would haue made warre on vs? How would he haue vs graunt his requestes and desires for the Fren∣che kyng, seyng he sheweth himself our open enemy? Then the Ambassa∣doure discretly answered, that he neither heard nor knewe of suche doo∣ynges, on his faithe and honoure. Well saied the Emperoure, if it bee true that is reported, myne Uncle is not the Prince that I haue taken hym for, and if he bee myne enemie, I muste withstande hym, and in a greate fury, the Emperoure withdrewe hym from the Ambassadoure, to his priuie chamber.

Daily the Ambassadours, bothe of Englande and of Fraunce, solli∣cited themperor and his counsaill, to accept the Frenche Kynges offers▪ whiche made euer answere, that thei would not truste to the newe pro∣mise, seyng that the olde promise whiche was sworne, was not obserued and kepte. Nowe whosoeuer indifferently shall consider, the Articles whiche were offered in the treatie of Madrill, and the Articles offered now at Amias shall openly perceiue, that the greatest thyng whiche the

Frēche kyng refused to do, was the deliuery of the Duchie of Burgoyn and the Countie Charoloys, for declaracion whereof, the Frenche kyng sent for all the nobles of bothe the countreys, and declared to theim this promise and concord, taken with the Emperor, whiche answered that no realme or dominion could be transferred to any forrein prince or person without the sentence, agrement, and submission of the nobles, and com∣mons of thesame countrey, and therefore thei would neuer assent to that alteraciō: This answere was deliuered to lorde Charles de la Noa Ui∣ceroy of Naples, then Ambassador for the Emperor in Fraunce, whiche thereof certified the Emperours counsaill. But the Emperoure and his Counsaill thought this to bee but a deceipte, in somuche as the Frenche kyng had onely called suche of Burgoyne, as hym pleased, and not the substanciall of the countrey. And farther the Emperor so muche desired the Duchie of Burgoyne, because he was the very heire there of bloude discended from duke Phillip, soonne to kyng Ihon of Fraunce, that by no meanes he would haue that article broken, but he would haue that Duchie. The Frenche kyng perceiued his mynd, & offered to hym greate sommes of money for the redemyng of that article, the kyng of Englād also offered to be suretie for the paiment: but all this could not moue the Emperoure, but he would haue Burgoyne, and all thesaied treatie and agrement performed.

The kyng of Englande consideryng how muche he had doen for the Emperor, and callyng to his remembraunce, bothe that the Lordes and Commons of Spaine, would not haue taken hym as kyng▪ his mother liuyng (although she were Lunatike) because she was heire, without his greate labour and intercession, and also that he holpe hym to be elected Emperour, whiche the Frenche kyng had obteigned, if he had not putte thereunto his aide▪ and sent Docter Richard Pace his Secretory to the Electors to Franckeford, and moste of all that he at all tymes, had suc∣coured thesaied Emperoure with money, and was not paied, wherefore he was not alitle displeased with the Emperours wilfulnes, but more with his vnkyndnes, and perceiued clerely, that sithe by his meanes he was so exalted, that now he had forgottē all the kyndnes to hym shewed wherefore he thought to make hym to knowe hymself by warres, the so∣ner to bryng hym to accomplishe his request, and to make hym to remē∣ber his olde kyndnes, and so by the auise of the Cardinal of Yorke (whi∣che loued not the Emperour, for the Bishoppe of Romes case) and other of his counsaill, he sent woorde to Clarenseaux Kyng of armes, to make defiaunce to the Emperour,* 15.143 and so Guyan Herault for the French kyng and thesaid Clarenseaux for the kyng of Englande, the .xiiii daie of Ia∣nuary, in the citee of Burgues in Castle, came before the Emperour be∣yng nobly accompaignied with Dukes, Marqueses, Erles, and Ba∣rons, in his greate hall, and there made their defiaunce.

When the defiaunces were made by bothe the Kynges of Armes, as you haue heard, all the nobles whiche were present, as the Constable of

Castell, the Duke of Massedonia, the Duke of Inuancaso, the Duke of Alberkirke, the Duke of Ciuill, the Duke of Nassaw, or Nazareth, the Duke of Aluoy, the Marques of Sturgus, the Marques of Agular, the Marques of Uillafranca, the Erle Barcelon, the Erle of Salama∣tero, the Erle Boniu••nt, the Erle Arowen, the Erle Agulard, the Erle Salienas, the Erle Geneuer, with sixe great Lordes Commendatories Crossed, and many other noble menne and gentlemen, for a truthe to the nomber of seuen hundred at the least: all these drewe out their swerdes, and sware that the defiaunces then made should be reuenged, and saied to the Emperoure: Sir, if the dispite of this defiaunce be vnreuenged, the infamy▪ & rebuke thereof, shall remain to vs and our heires for euer, wherefore our landes, lifes, and lordshippes, shalbe at your commaun∣dement, and while any lyen of your succession remain, this ignominie shalbe euer newe and not dye, till you haue obteigned the double honor, against all your enemies.

When the Emperor was thus defied, the warre was Proclaimed in Ciuill, in Ualedolite, in Burgus, & in other places through all Spain: But when the commen people heard of this defiaunce, thei wrong them¦selfes by the berdes and sware, that all their landes and goodes should be spent, for the honor of the Emperor, and to bee reuenged on the Fren∣che kyng, whom thei called periured Prince, and so the common people cried in the stretes, now is come the tyme, that Spain shalbe renoumed, and reuenged on the Frenchmen▪ for their falsenes and wrong doynges. But alas saied thei, why should wee make warre with the Englishe na∣cion, whiche euer loued vs, and neuer offended vs: but this defiance pro¦cedeth not of them, but onely of the Frenche kyng, and of the Cardinall of Englande, whiche is sworne frenche: thus the Spanyardes talked, and euer excused the kyng of Englande, and accused the Cardinall and saied, that he had a greate pencion out of Spain, and that notwithstan∣dyng, because he might not haue the bishoprike of Toledo, he caused all this warre. This Proclamacion of warre, was proclamed with baners displaied, in the whiche were painted a redde swerde, and a Cresset bur∣nyng, against he Frenche kyng and his parte takers, not meanyng the kyng of Englande, by expresse name, but it was rehersed in the Procla∣macion, that the Kyng of Englande had manace••, and defied the Empe∣rour,* 15.144 in the Frenche kynges querell. Then wer the Englishe Merchan∣tes in Spain attached, and their goodes put in safe custody, and to thē was saied that thei were staied onely, till the Emperour was aduertised, how his subiectes wer ordered in Englande.

Tidynges of this was first knowen in Fraunce, and from thence let∣ters were sent to the Frenche Ambassadours in London, how bothe the Ambassadors of fraunce and of Englande, beyng in Spain, and Gui∣en and Cl••renseaux officers of Armes, wer retained by the Emperor as prisoners, whiche report was false, for thei were at libertie, and well che∣rished, and in especiall the Englishe Ambassadors and Clarēseaux wer

frendly enterteined in all places. When the Cardinall hard this report, he was to light of credence (whiche he forthought afterward) and was sore therewith moued, and in his fury the .xii. daie of February, he cau∣sed Don Hugo de Mēdosa, the Emperors Ambassador, to be taken out of his house, in sainct Swithines lane in London, and to bee brought to sir Ihon Daunces place in Marke lane, as a prisoner, & his house with his goodes wer kept by the Cardinalles seruauntes, til the kynges ple∣sure wer farther knowen.

The morowe after beyng the .xiii. daie of February, the Cardinal be∣yng in the Starre chamber, called before hym al Iustices of the Peace,* 15.145 and other honest personages to a greate nomber, and to them said: My lordes and all you the kynges louyng subiectes, his graces pleasure is that I should declare to you, howe that his highnes, not of his awne se∣kyng, but rather against his will and intent, is entered into warre: For the electe Emperor Charles the fifth, hath hym so handeled and moued, that he must of necessitie with hym make war. First, it is not vnknowen to you all, how good the Kyng hath been to hym, fithe his infancie▪ how he hath defended his lowe countreis duryng his noneage? Ye▪ what pain the king toke by his Ambassadors, to sollicite the lordes of Spain, whi∣che refused to take him as their kyng, while his mother liued, and by the kynges onely labor, he came to the kyngdom of Spain, what it cost the kyng to helpe him to be Emperor, we that be his counsailers can tell, for if the kyng had not been, surely the Frēch kyng had been Emperor. Be∣side all these kyndnesses, he hath lent to thesaid Emperor, diuerse greate sommes of money, to defend his countreys, & what profite his countreis haue by the resort of Englishemen thether, ye that be Merchauntes can tell: for these thynges with many mo proffites, commodities, and gratu∣ities, the kyng of hym is so litle regarded, that I am halfe ashamed to report it. True it is that Frances the frenche kyng, was to hym priso∣ner (whiche chaunce hath happened to many high princes) the kyng our master, highly regardyng the peace of Christen princes, by whiche peace God might the more be glorified: disired the Emperour to take some re∣sonable ••nde for his deliueraunce, and for that purpose hath sent to him sondery Ambassadors, whiche gaue them ea••es, but dalied with thē, and nothyng would doo at all, and regarded no more his requestes, then I would the desire of my seruaunt (and perauenture not so muche) so that for all gratuities and frendshippes to hym, by the kyng our souereigne lorde, at all tymes shewed, he sheweth himself ingrate and vngentle, and for kyndnes rendere••h vnkyndnes: as for the Frenche Kyng I assure you, he hath hūbled hymself asmuche as a prince maie, his honor saued. He hath offered hym so greate offers, that excepte he should geue 〈◊〉〈◊〉 his realme and Croune, he can offer no more larger, whiche offers I••••∣sure you, sore minishe the beautie of his Croune, whiche I shall breuely declare vnto you. For he offereth to paie fiue hundred thousande poun∣des sterlyng, whereof three hundred thousande, to bee paied in hand▪ for

the remnaunt sufficient Bankers to be bound, and farther to discharge the Emperoure, of all suche sommes of money, as he oweth to the Kyng of Englande, and to deliuer hym a sufficient acquitaunce for thesame. Also where the Frenche kyng should haue, out of the kyngdome of Na∣ples an hundred thousande Crounes yerely, the Frenche kyng will re∣lease thesame pencion, with all the arrerages whiche are no small some. Also he will release his whole title and right, whiche he hath to the Du∣chie of Millayne, his very enheritaunce, and neuer he to chalenge or claime thesame nor his posteritie. Also where the Countie of Flaunders maie lawfully appeale to the Parliamentes of Fraunce, from iudge∣mentes geuen by the Emperour or his Iustices, he is content to release thesame superioritie and resorte, whiche is a greate minishement to the prerogatiue royall, of the Realme of Fraunce, for whiche of you (saied the Cardinall) would concent that the kyng should release his Seigni∣oritie or superioritie of Wales, Irelande, or Cornewall, I dare saie you would rather spende your liues and goodes.

Farther where the Frenche Kyng bought of the Kyng the Citee of Tournay, for sixe hundred thousande Crounes and odde, yet he is con∣tent to yelde and release thesame Citee to the Emperoure for euer, yea, and beside this he offereth to take to wife, Elianor Quene Dowager of Portyngall, without any dower, yea, in her kirtell, & to endowe her with tenne thousande Markes sterlyng by the yere, and farther that the child if it bee a male, whiche shalbee gotten of theim twoo, shalbee Duke of Burgoyne, and bee partetaker of all the honours of Fraunce, whiche is a greate thyng: Also that the Dolphyn his sonne and heire, shall ma∣ry the daughter of thesaied Lady Elianor, without any threasure to bee receiued for thesame, whiche proffer is worthe twoo hundred thousande Markes sterlyng.

Farther more, he woll lende the Emperour Shippes and Mariners, to conueigh hym to Rome, and also defende hym against all menne, yea, what woll he doo more, although the Kyng of Nauerr haue maried his awne sister, whose Kyngdome the Emperour kepeth by force, yet he of∣fereth neither to ayde nor comforte hym against the Emperoure, but in his querel to be against hym: Also he offereth to forsake his old and ap∣proued frendes, Sir Robert de la Marche, and the Duke of Gelders, whiche faithfully hath serued the realme of Fraunce, and al for the Em∣perours sake. But the Emperoure saied he, is so indurate, so vnkynde and wilfull, that he neither regardes these reasonable requestes, nor yet the Kynges praiers nor requestes, but answered and saied: that if the Frenche kyng can dooe all this, he shall haue his children. So that the Emperoure woll truste no manne, but euery manne muste truste hym: Yet the Frenche Kyng offereth farther, to withdrawe the puyssaunt ar∣mye of the Lorde Lawtrecke in Italy, and yet thesame passeth prospe∣riously forwarde, and is like to doo the Emperour more disauauntage, then I will now reherse: but the Emperour is so proude, and his people

so cruell, that he nothyng regardeth these offers: for what a crueltie was this, to pull doune Goddes Uicar of Rome, and persecute the holy ••a∣thers by extreme tyranny, violated the holy Sacrament, and threwe the hostes doune on the aultar, and like robbers toke the Pixe: and farther in the Churche, thei violated Uirgins, and stupred matrones, and dis∣poyled the holy Reliques of the citee of Rome. And like as the Kyng in huntyng tyme hath s••ain iii.C. dere, and the garbage and paunches bee cast round about, in euery quarter of the Parke, so (saied the Cardinal) euery strete laye full of the priuie members and genitures of the Cardi∣nalles and holy prelates: the whole history were to abhominable to tell. Yet notwithstādyng all these offers mocioned, and nothyng regardyng this detestable tyranny, the whiche euery good Christen man abhorreth, he will encline to no reason, I am sure that I could shewe you .xx. arti∣cles of promises, whiche he hath broken with the Kyng: so that I assure you, he kepeth no promise with our souereigne lorde, also contra ius Gencium, whiche I am sure the greate Turke would not dooe, he kepeth priso∣ner the kynges Ambassador Docter Lee, the Frenche Ambassador, and the Ambassadour of Uenice: and for asmuche as the Emperor refuseth these offers, whiche amount to eight kynges raunsomes, I trust by this warre we shall bridle hym, and bryng hym to peace, and this occasiō of warre, I would all you should declare in your countrey.

When the Cardinall had saied,* 15.146 some knocked other on the elbow, and said softly he lieth, other said, that euil wil said neuer wel, other said that the Frenche crounes, made hym speake euill of themperor, but thei that knewe all that you haue hard before saied, that it was shame for hym to lie in suche an audience. The common people muche lamented, that war should arise betwene the Kyng and themperor, and especiall their consi∣deracion was, because the Emperors dominions, had holpen them with corne, and releued them with grain, whē thei could haue no corne, or litle out of Fraunce. And in this rumor wer diuerse ships come out of Flaū∣ders and that parties, laden with Heryng, Sturgion & all other victale necessary: beside eight faire shippes, whiche wer laden with corne, all the saied shippes,* 15.147 and all the shippes of Spain, wer staied and arested, and their ••ailes taken from them, and put in safe custodie. This doyng was muche talked of by Merchantes, whiche frequented the Emperors do∣minions, for thei knewe and openly saied, that the let of the entercourse of Merchantes, should turne to the greate losse of the Princes, but yet Englishemen were content, to obeye their kyng and his counsaill.

The declaracion of warre in Englande against the Emperoure, and the restraint of Shippes of the Emperoures Subiectes, were shortly knowen to the Lady Margaret daughter of Sauoy, and aunte to the Emperour, whiche was gouernor of Flaunders, Brabant, and Zeland and of all the Lowe Countreis: wherefore she by the auice of the Empe∣roures Counsaill to her associate, caused all the Englishemen and their goodes and Shippes to bee restrained, and thei and their goodes were

put in safe kepyng. Thus the poore Merchantes suffered greate losse, for the doynges of their Princes, as Horace saieth: Qui•• quid delirant Reges, ple∣ctuntur achini: whatsoeuer kynges do, the Commons be punished. Now af∣ter this sodain storme, whiche the Cardinall had moued openly against the Emperour, for euill entreatyng of the kynges Ambassadour, he had perfect knowlege that the Emperor, bothe did the kynges Ambassador greate honour, and also that he neuer restrained hym from his libertie, wherupon he caused the Emperors Ambassador, whiche before was re∣strained of his libertie, to be sent to his awne lodgyng again, and saied that by the reporte made by the Frenche Ambassadours, he hym restray∣gned, and now sithe he knewe the truthe, he mocioned the Kyng for his deliueraunce.

The Emperours Ambassadour, called Don Hugo de Mendosa, dis∣simuled the matter by apparant signes: and the Cardinall the more to auoyde suspicion on his behalfe, towarde all the worlde, saied: the kyng was enformed by the Frenche Ambassadours, that the Ambassadours of bothe Princes were put in prison, and farther he saied that Claren∣seaux had made the defiaunce to the Emperoure without the kynges commaundement, but onely did it by the mocion of the Frenche Ambas∣sadours, to accompaignie the Frenche Herault, and for his presumpte∣ous act, he should suffre death at Calice at his returne: all these excuses the Cardinal shewed to the Emperors Ambassador, whiche certified the Emperour of euery poynt, and sent the letter by poste into Spain, whi∣che letters were opened & copied, by the capitain of Bayon, as the poste passed that waie. And when Clarenseaux returned homewarde out of Spain, the Capitain gently shewed to hym the copie of the letters, that the Emperours Ambassadoure had written.* 15.148 Thynke you not but Cla∣renseaux was dismaied, to here his daies so shorte: yet he trustyng in his truth, and grace of his Prince▪ passed forward and came to Bullein, where he hard worde again of the danger that he was in, wherefore like a wise man he lefte Calice, and tooke a Ship at Bullein, and landed at Rye, and came secretly to Hampton Court, where the kyng la••e, and by frendeship of sir Nicholas Carew, one of the kynges priuie chamber, he was brought to the kynges presēce, or the Cardinall wist of his returne and to hym shewed the three Letters, whiche the Cardinall had sent to hym, chargyng hym to make the defiaunce, or he did intimate the warre. He declared farther, that neither the Ambassadours of the kyng, nor the Frenche kyng, nor he wer neuer sequestered from libertie, but gently en∣tertained, and to the kyng he shewed a chayne, to the value of seuen hun∣dred Ducat••s, whiche the Emperoure had geuen hym, and shewed also the copie of the Emperoures Ambassadoures letters, whiche he had at Bayon.* 15.149 When the kyng had heard all the circumstaunce of his decla∣racion, he mused a greate while, and saied: O Lorde Iesu▪ he that I tru∣sted moste, tolde me all these thynges contrary, well Clarenseaux I wil bee no more of so light credence hereafter, for nowe I see perfectly, that

I am made to beleue the thyng that was neuer doen.

Then the Kyng sent for the Cardinall, and priuily talked with hym, but whatsoeuer he saied to hym, the Cardinall was not very mery, and after that tyme, the Kyng mistrusted hym euer after. When the Kyng and his Counsaill, had well digested the Emperoures answere, and his gentle demeanor toward the kinges Ambassadors, and also had ponde∣red that the lowe countreis of the Emperor, wer glad to please the kyng of Englande and his Subiectes: wherefore the kyng commaunded, to sir Ihon Stile knight, to discharge all the Duchemen and their Ship∣pes, and deliuered their Sailes, and gaue them license to returne: Naye said the Duchemen, the Spanyardes and we be the Emperours Sub∣iectes, why should not thei be also discharged? sir Ihon Stile answered thē, that his Commission was onely to discharge them. The Duchemen fearyng that the Frenchemen, would take the seas before thē, and so to stop thē, departed hastely, curssyng the Cardinal as aucthor of this war.

When the Lady Margaret heard tell, howe the Duche nacion with their Shippes and goodes were released, and not the Spanyardes, she sent for the Englishe Merchauntes, and to theim saied: Sirs, sithe the Kyng your Master, hath deliuered onely the Duche menne, and not the Spanyardes, we relese your bodies fr••e, to go at your libertie, but your goodes shall remain, till we knowe what shal become of the Spanyar∣des, and when thei bee deliuered, come for your goodes, and you shall haue theim deliuered, thus the Englishemen departed, and came to the kyng, and declared to hym and his counsaill, how thei were entreated.

This warr with the Emperor was displeasant▪ bothe to Merchantes and Clothiers,* 15.150 for the Merchauntes durste not auenture into Spaine, sithe Aprill last past, and now was come the .xi. daie of March, wherfore all brode Clothes, Kerseis, & Cottons, laye on their handes. In somuche as when the Clothiers of Essex, Kent, Wilshire, Suffolk, & other shires whiche vse Clothmakyng, brought clothes into Blackewell hall of Lō∣don, to be sold as thei wer wont to do: fewe Merchantes or none bought any cloth at all. When the Clothiers lacked sale, then thei put frō theim their spinners, carders, tuckers, & suche other that liue by clothworkyng whiche caused the people greatly to murmor, and specially in Suffolke, for if the duke of Norffolk had not wisely appeased theim, no doubt but thei had fallen to some riotous act. When the kynges counsail was ad∣uertised of this inconuenience, the Cardinall sent for a greate nomber of the Merchantes of London, and to them saied: Sirs the kyng is infor∣med, that you vse not your selfes like Merchātes, but like Grasiers and artificers▪ for where the Clothiers do daily bryng clothes, to your mar∣ket for your ease, to their greate cost, and there be ready to sell them, you of your wilfulnes wil not bye them, as you haue been accustomed to do: what maner of men be you saied the Cardinall? I tell you that the kyng straightly commaundeth you to bye their Clothes, as before tyme you haue been accustomed to do, vpon pain of his high displeasure.

The Merchantes answered, my lorde you knowe well, that we haue had no trade outward this twelue monethes past, and we haue so many clothes in our handes, that we knowe not how to vtter them, therefore it were greate losse to vs to bye any more: wherefore we trust you will not moue vs to bye the thyng, whiche wee cannot vtter, for in all places our vent is stopped and forbidden. Well saied the Cardinall, if you wil not bye the clothes at Blackewell hall, thei shall bee brought to the White Hall at Westminster, and so you of London shall lose the libertie, and the kyng shall bye them all, and sell them to Merchant strangers. Then answered a wise Merchant, my lorde, the kyng maie bye theim aswell at Blackewell hall, if it please hym, and the strangers will gladlyer receiue theim there, then at Westminster: You shall not ordre that matter, saied the Cardinall, and first I will sende into London, to knowe what Clo∣thes you haue in your handes, and that doen the kyng and his counsail shall appoynt who shall bye the Clothes I warrant you, with this an∣swere the Londoners departed.

When the Clothiers hard that the Cardinall toke their part, thei wa∣red proude, and spake euill of the Merchantes, and when the Merchā∣tes came to bye Clothes, the Clothiers set them hire, then thei were accu∣stomed to be solde: but at length thei were fain, bothe to abate the price, and also to seke of the Merchant men, for all the Cardinalles saiyng.

If this warre was displeasaunt to many in Englande (as you haue hard) surely it was asmuche or more displeasant, to the tounes and peo∣ple of Flaunders, Brabant, Hollande, and Zelande, and in especiall to the tounes of Andwarpe and Barrow, where the Martes wer kept, and where the resorte of Englishemen was, for thei saied that their Martes were vndoen, if the Englishemen came not there, and if there were no Marte, their Shippes, Hoyes, and Waggons might rest, and all arti∣ficers, Hostes, and Brokers might slepe, and so the people should fal in∣to miserie and pouerite, of these thynges daily complaintes were made to the lady Margaret, and the Emperors counsaill, whiche wisely pon∣dered the complaintes, and after long consultacion had, thei appoynted certain Ambassadors to go to the kyng of Englande▪ and to entreate for a truce, or abstinence of warre, whiche Ambassadors came into Englād, and associated themselfes with Don Hugo de Mendosa, Ambassadoure there for the Emperor: the one Ambassador was Prouost of Cassell, and the other Master Ihon Lay souereigne of Flaunders: these .iii. Ambas∣sadors came to the kyng, the .xxix. daie of Marche to Richemond▪ & after reuerence doen,* 15.151 the lorde Hugo de Mēdosa said to the kyng▪ sir thempe∣rours Maiestie so muche knowlegeth hymself bound to your grace, for manifolde kynde actes and beneuolences, doen and shewed to hym sith his tendre age, that he in no wise woll take the defiaunce, dooen by your Herault as a paremptory intimacion of warre, till he had heard farther of your pleasure, and therefore his counsaill hath sent hether these twoo noble persones and me, to knowe your determinate answere, and finall

resolucion in that behalfe. The Kyng* 15.152 after a good auisement had, an∣swered and saied: Of warre I am nothyng ioyfull, and of warre I am lesse fearefull, I thanke God I haue no cause to care for warre, for I haue bothe men and money, and all thyng ready prepared for thesame, (whiche thynges I knowe y^• other princes lacke, for all their high woor∣des) and therefore to that question of warre, I could sone agre, but or I make you a determinate answere, some part of my mynd I will declare to you, and I tell you although your Master be a greate Emperor, and a mightie Prince, I cannot nor maie not suffre hym, to bere doune & de∣stroye the realme of Fraunce, whiche is our true inheritance, and for the whiche our brother and alie the Frenche kyng, paieth vs yerely a greate pencion and tribute, wherfore we of Iustice and equitie, muste maintein that lande, out of whiche we haue so faire a rent and suche a profite.

Then saied the Prouost of Cassell, yea sir, and it please you to call to your remembraunce, the olde and auncient loue and familiaritie, whi∣che hath been betwene your Realme, and the houses of Burgoyne and Flaunders, and the lowe countreys, I assure you the people of all those coūtreis will liue and dye with you, aboue all men next their souereigne Lorde, wherefore moste noble Prince neuer concent, that olde loue that hath so long continued, be now broken and seperated: we saie this for no feare, for we be well furnished for war, bothe of men and strong castles, all whiche before this tyme hath been at your cōmaundement, and ther∣fore the loue that we haue euer borne you, we continue & offer you nowe to continue: and where we offre you choyse of war or peace, at your plea∣sure, surely the Emperour meaneth that for your honor, as though you should commaunde whiche you would: and if you chose warre, we haue commission to entreate for peace, and you chose peace, we haue like com∣mission to thanke you, and to offre vs and ours at your cōmaundement Then saied the Lorde Hugo de Mendosa to the kyng,* 15.153 sir of very right the Emperor and his countreys, ought to haue your loue and fauor, be∣fore the Frenche kyng and his nacion: for the Frenchmen in the tyme of their affliccion, made humble sutes and requestes to your grace, whiche thei neuer would do in the tyme of their prosperitie, but the Emperoure hath euer continued one man at all tymes, wherefore he is better to bee trusted, then thei whiche neuer wer long true to you. Wel said the kyng sithe I haue well perceiued the intent of your commyng, I woll be aui∣sed, and then I will make you an auised answere, and in the meane sea∣son I am content, that there be an abstinence of warre for a tyme, so the Ambassadours departed for a season, and the Prouost of Casselles, de∣parted to the lady Margaret with this answere.

After this the kyng which was wise, well learned, and a farre castyng prince, consulted with his counsaill of this matter, and there after long debatyng it was considered, that the kyng was riche, strong, and puys∣sant inough to make warre with any prince Christen, and that no prince could hurte hym by warre or inuasion, therefore some thought it best to

haue warre, but the kyng & the wiser sort cōsidered that if he had warre with the Emperor, that his marchauntes should lese muche, and if thei lost, the clothyers and the clothworkers, of whiche were a great multi∣tude should lese and be brought to extreme pouertie. For it was consi∣dered that the Emperor was lorde of all Spaine, Naples, Sardinia & so southward to Epuskaia, and likewise northest ward from Grauelyn to Rye and Reuell, so that Englishe marchauntes passyng on those co∣stes were euer in daūger. Also no Alame could come into England but through his dominions, by reason wherof cloth making should decay. Wherfore the kyng considered if the marchauntes lost, the porer sorte should lese, and at length he should lese in his customes. Wherfore lea∣uyng the glorye of warre he tooke mercye on his subiectes and conclu∣ded to take a peace for a tyme till farther cōmunicacion might be had betwene his coūsail and the Emperors. And vpō this point letters wer sent into Spayne, Fraunce, and Flaunders, and so this matter conti∣nued vndertermined till answers were brought from outward partes.

In this season the bishop of Bayon whiche afterward was bishop & Cardinal of Parys beyng ambassador from the Frenchekyng & soior∣nyng in Lōdon,* 15.154 hard tell how the Empe••ors ambassadors made muche su••te to the kyng and his counsail where he came to y^e court and desired to speake with the kyng and so was brought to the kynges presence, to whom he sayd: pleaseth your highnes to consider the great and high peace that is cōcluded betwene you and your louyng brother and per∣petual alye the Frenche kyng my master, whiche is ratified and confir∣med by the thre estates of the realme of Fraunce, by y^e whiche you haue yerely xx.M. pound sterlyng, whiche realme you haue promised to de∣fende against all persones: Now in shewyng your loue that you beare to the Frenche kyng & his subiectes. If you would make sharpe warre on the Emperors subiectes, I assure you the whole realme of Fraunce would take it so thankefully that it should neuer be forgotten.* 15.155 Well sayd the kyng, as touchyng the league and amitie betwene my brother of Fraūce and me it shalbe inuiolately kept for me, but sir to enter into warre it nedeth no counsail, but how to end warre with honor & pro••ite men must nedes study. As touchyng y^• defence of the realme of Fraūce I assure you it shalbe defended to my power though it be to my losse, and my studye is no lesse to haue a peace whiche might be honorable to your master then to myne owne self. With whiche saiyng the Ambassa∣dor held him well contented, So that you may perceiue that the great pencion and profite that the king of England had out of Fraunce with the great league and amitie concluded and sworne, was the very cause why the kyng of England so muche helde with the Frenche kyng & not for mere loue. For this matter was daily great counsailes, and one day themperors ambassador was present, another day the Frenche kynges ambassador was present, but the Cardinal was euer on the Frenche part. So thus continued this daily counsels with great study.

In the same season a Frenche Crayer of .xxx. tonne manned with xxxviii. Frenchemen laye at Margate to wayte for a pray of some Fle∣myng that should come out of the ryuer of Thames, and by chaunce a Crayer of Armew whiche was appointed to waft the fisher botes be∣twene Grauelyn and Ost end, was come by North of Goodwyn sādes to Nor••hsand head and so came to Grauesend and toke in bread. This Crayer was of xxviii. tonne and had in her xxiiii. Flemynges: When she was vitayled she made to the sea warde, and sodainly he espyed the Frenchemen whiche houed vnder a saile, The Flemynges mistrusted and incontinent put them selfes in a readynes and came so nye that he hayled the Frencheman, the Frenchman shot a piece of ordinaunce and with that layde the Flemyng aborde, there was sore fightyng, for the Frenchmen had crosoowes and the Flemynges had handgunnes. The Frencheman fell of & would haue been gone, that seyng the Flemyng whysteled and after the Frencheman made sayle. Now the wynde was so straynable Est that the Frencheman could sayle no whither but into the Thames, and so he did and the Fleuiyng folowed, and before Gra∣uesend the Flemyng borded the Frencheman and there they fought a∣gain, but away againe went the Frenchman and the Flemyng after w^t all his sayles, and so farre sayled the Frencheman that he rāne a long the Tower wharffe as though he would haue reuen his shippe, the Flemyng set on and entered the shippe for any thyng the Frencheman could do and cryed I haue takē the thefe.* 15.156 Sir Edmond Walsynghgā Leuetenaunt of the Tower was on the wharffe & saw them fight, called his men and entered the shippes and toke both the capitaines and their men. The Flemyng boldly chalenged his prise, for he sayd that open warre was betwene Fraunce and Flaunders, and sayd farther that the Frencheman was a pirate: The kynges counsail tooke vp the matter and made an ende betwene them. This chaunce was muche talked of that two shippes should sayle in chase from Margate to the Tower wharffe, because y^e before tyme suche a like thyng had neuer been hard.

Now let vs returne to the lorde Lawtrick whiche had gotten many tounes in Italy, and had with his great army besieged the citie of Na∣ples and so it happened that the prince of Orenge & other capitaines y^• xix. day of April set on a great part of the Frenche armye and notwith∣standyng their hardynes the Emperors army obteined the victorie, so that from that tyme forth the Frenchemen lost, what by pestilence whi∣che then was great in Italy, and what by sodain skyrmishes.

This yere the .xxii. day of February the kyng created at Wynsor sir Pierce Buelar of Ireland, erle of Osserey.

The .xx. yere.

THe kyng kept the day of sainct George with the compani∣ons of the order of the Garter with great solempnitie at his Manor of Rychemond, where to him came tidynges from the army of the lorde Lawtrick in Italy, whiche let∣ters shewed that the lorde Lawtrick had sent the lorde Peter de Nauarro the third day of Marche last past to a great toune called Melffe with x.M. Frenchemen, & within the toune were viii.C. Spaniardes good men of warre, the lorde Peter de Nauarro besieged the toune, & after gaue to the same a great assaut, but y^• Spaniardes so defended them with ordinaunce & resistences that they slew v. or vi.M Frenchemen and caused them to retrete. The lorde Lautrick hearyng this came in persone with a great nomber to the toune of Smel & mer∣ueilously be•• the toune with ordinaunce and then gaue to it a great and fierse assaut, and so sore that the Spaniardes were put backe, yet they defended them, so that it was meruail to beholde, for they slewe and de∣stroyed iiii. M. Frenchemen. The Frenche armye entered the toune on all sides, and yet the Spanyardes kept y^• market with their ordinaūce as long as they might, but at the last beyng oppressed with multitude they all were slaine without mercy, so cruel were the Frenchemen: In this toune was taken the prince of Melff a noble man perteinyng to the Emperor. Thus was the toune of Melffe taken and spoyled, not greatly to the Frenchemennes profite, for they lost almost x.M. menne whiche sore diminished their power.

Although that this season was an abstinence of war taken betwene the kyng of England & the ladye Margarete so that the dutche nacion might safely come & go into England, and y^• Englishmen might safely ••epaire thither, yet betwene the Frenchemen and y^• Flemynges was hot warre on the frontiers, and many a prisoner was taken, and many men slain, and likewise the one part toke the other on the seas, and someti•••• the Frenchemen would spoyle Englishe shippes, saiyng that they ha•• Flemynges goodes or Spaniardes goodes, and likewise the Flemyn∣ges would enter the Englishe shippes, and say they had Frenchemens goodes, so the Englishmen lost till the kyng sent shippes to kepe y^• sea: But for a trueth the Spanyardes were strong on the sea, and to the Frenchemen did muche harme. The kyng perceiuyng that there was nothyng cōcluded betwene themperor & him, thought not to be behynd hand, wherfore he ordained that the lord Sādes should passe to Guis∣nes with a M. souldiers that was v.C. archers and v.C. horsmen, and that the duke of Suffolke should passe ouer after with a great army to inuade Flaunders. These lordes made muche preparacion & mustered their men at y^• Mantels beside saint Ihones & was redy to depart, but the Emperors ambassador & thambassador of Flaunders so muche did with the kyng & his coūsail (& the Frenche kyng also assēted) that truce was taken betwene England, Flaunders, & the countreys of Pycardy

on this side the water of Some for viii. monethes▪ the peace to begyn y^• first day o•• May▪ and to endure to y^e last day o•• February. This peace was pro••laymed in Lōdon the .xix. day of Iune, so y^• now all English∣men might lawfully passe into the low countreys but not into Spayn, whiche sore greued mare••auntes that haunted that parties, In y^e same proclamacion was farther conteined, that if a final peace wer not fully agreed betwene the sayd .iii. princes within y^e sayd .viii. monethes, that then all ma••ch••ūtes should haue two monethes after to passe into their owne countreys with their wares and marchaunoises in safetie. The Emperor sone enclyned to this peace, for he saw that by y^• Marte many of his frendes in high Dutcheland and other places ••••ke great profite and especially his owne low coūtreys, wherfore he thought not to hurt his frendes for the displeasure he bare to his enemyes of Fraunce, and also to shewe himselfe ••ouyng to the kyng of England he was content to take this peace.

In this season the duke Charles of G••lders perceiuyng y^• Emperor was at warre with Fraunce, raised a great power of horsmen & came to a great toune of Holland called the Hage where the lawe and iustice is kept for that countrey, by reason wherof the toune was very riche, and sodainly he entred the toune without resistence and spoiled and robbed the toune and slew diuers persones and with muche riches laded their wagons and so departed and caryed with him diuers riche prisoners. The lady Margarete gouernesse of the low countreys hearyng of this raised a great power vnder the conduict of the lord Isylsteinge, whiche lorde with a great puis••aunce entered Gelderland and gat the toune of Hatton, the castle of Howryng, and forraied and destroied the coūtrey: las••ly on Whitsonday beyng the last day of Maye the Gelders gaue battel to the lord Isylsteinge and fought valiauntly as any men could do, but yet by fortune of warre they were ouercome and fled & wer cha∣sed a great way and many slaine. This chaunce was while the treatie of peace was in England.

In the very ende of May began in the citie of London the sickenes called the sweatyng sickenes,* 15.157 and afterward went all the realme almost of the whiche many dyed within v. or vi. houres, By reason of this sick∣nes the terme was adiorned and the circuites of Assi••e also. The kyng was sore troubled with this plage, for diuers dyed in the court, of whō one was sir Fraunces Poynes whiche was Ambassador in Spayne, & other, so that the kyng for a space remoued almost euery day, till at the la•••• he came to Tytynhangar a place of the abbot of saint Albones, & there he w^t a fewe determined to byde the chaunce that God would send him, whiche place was so purged daily with fyers and other preserua∣tiues, that neither he nor the quene nor none of their company was en∣fected of y^• disease, suche was the pleasure of God. In this great plage dyed sir Wyllyam Compton knight & Wyllyam Cary esquier whiche wer of the kynges priuy chamber, and whom the kyng highly fauored

and many other worshipful men and women in England.

By reason of this plague the watches whiche were wont to be kept yerely in Lōdon on saint Ihons euen at Mydsommer and saint Peters eue were by the kyng and his counsail commaunded to be left for that yere, wherfore the Armorers made great suite to the kyng and declared their great hynderaunce, whiche was not so muche considered as the mischief that might haue ensued if that so great a nomber should haue assembled together in that hote tyme & the plage of sw••atyng raynyng. Now let vs leaue England all this Sommer season troubled & vexed with this sweatyng sicknes, and let vs returne to the affayres of Italy.

The Emperor which knew how the lord Lawtrick was in Italy w^t a great army, thought it not for his profite to leaue his army there vn∣succored, wherfore he sent y^e lorde Henry the younger duke of Brūswyke with a great cōpany of Almaynes both on fote and horsebacke. Wher∣fore the Uenicians set Fraunces duke of Orbyne to kepe the straytes and to stoppe him the passage: But when he heard of the puissaunce of the duke of Brūswycke and the great municions & prouisions of warre that the Almaynes brought, he turned his iorney, and by aduise of the Uenicians determined to fortifie the tounes & to defende them against the Almaynes, and so the duke of Brūswyke with his armye passed the mountaines and entered Italy burnyng, rasyng & raunsomyng tounes as he passed, and euer he marched toward Myllain, wherof hearyng the Mylleners whiche were brought to extreme pouertie by these warres, beganne to lament and waile for the great tyranny that they iudged to folowe whiche folowed in dede. For when the Almaines came to Myl∣lain and demaunded money of the Citezens, they that had nothyng to paye, were tyed in chaynes and kept miserably in prison tyll they had made some prouision for the payment, whiche caused the Citezens to flee out of the citie and to leaue it in maner desolate: whiche thyng An∣thony de Leua perceiuyng, moued with great compassion for the deso∣lacion of the citie called the Citezens together and promised theim that if they would paye the wages of the souldiers for xx. dayes onely, he would cause all the whole army to remoue out of the citie, the poore ci∣tezens made shyft and payed the souldiers, and so they al departed frō Myllayne and came to the citie of Pauye and tooke it with litle labor and after that tooke diuers other tounes.

Anthony de Leua knewe well the Duke of Brunswycke would in the spryng of the yere set forward towarde Naples to ayde the Empe∣rors armye against the lorde Lawtrick, therefore he desired the Duke that or he passed out of the duchye of Myllayne, he would put all the Frenchemen out of suche fortresses as they kept, whiche thyng he sayd might be easely done consideryng the great puissaunce of the Almay∣nes and the debilitie and lacke of power of the duke of Myllayne,

and in especial consideryng that the Uenicians kept their tounes and would not ayde the Frenche parte, to the whiche persuasions the Duke agreed and went toward the citie of Lawde to the whiche thei gaue the assaut, but they within so well defended if that the Almaynes lost more then they wanne, wherfore the duke determined to famishe them within for he knewe by their great nomber that their vitaile must nedes fayle and so it did in dede, so that no creature but men of war had any vitaile and therfore the poore Citezens were compelled either to go into the hā¦des of their enemies or to dye for famyn.

In this season was through all Italy a vniuersal warre, famyn and pe••••ilence or a morreyn wherof the people died in euery place, & in espe∣cially in the Dukes armye whiche caused the moste part of the Almay∣ues to returne into their countrey, wherfore the duke wisely considered the chaūce and saw that his army was greatly minished by death, and saw farther that for lacke of vitaile and money he was not able to con∣uey the remnaunt of his armye to Naples, by the aduise of Anthony de Leua concluded to returne and so shortly after in good order returned and lost more by the pestilence then by his enemies.

The Frenche kyng was aduertised by the lorde Lawtrick how his people decayed sore before Naples, and how the Duke of Brunswyke was commyng to raise the siege & reskue the citie, wherfore the Frenche kyng sent lorde Fraunces erle saint Poul brother to the duke of Uan∣dosme with .viii.M. men to folowe the duke of Brūswyke to Naples, and if he went not to Naples, then he should ioyne himselfe with Fraū∣ces Sforcia duke of Myllayne and the Uenicians and so to expel An∣thony de Leua and all the Emperors souldiers out of Lombardy.

The Spaniardes within Naples were aduertised that new succors were commyng to the Frenchemen, wherfore they determined to fight with them or their new ayde came, and so one day they issued out of the citie and fought with the Frenchemen and slewe many of them, but by force they were compelled to returne. The lorde Lawtrick knew well that the citie could not hold long for lacke of vitaile (for a suertie if vi∣taile had not come by sea, the toune had been yelded) wherfore the lorde Lawtrick suffered his armye to lye still in the plaine fielde all the heate of the Sommer and brought theim not to the shadow, by reason wher∣of there fell suche a disease amongest his armye that they dyed daily in great nomber and he himselfe fell sicke and lefte the armye and lay at Uerse, of the whiche mortalitie there dyed in the Frenche campe aboue xxiiii.M.* 15.158 men besyde the moste part of all their horses and beastes, of whiche nomber as diuers wryters do agree there dyed aboue v.M. gentlemen, amongest whom there dyed the lorde Uawdemont brother to Anthony duke of Lorraine, the lorde of Grauntmount, the capitain Molyac, the lorde Lauall of the Dolphenye, the capitaine Luper, the

lorde Charles Uyuone lorde of Chataygneray sonne to the lorde An∣drewe of Uyuone Seneschal of Poytew, and many othex noblemen of name.

Duryng whiche plag••e the toune of Cappe (whiche moste of all the tounes in the realme of Naples helde on the Frenche part) became im∣periall and turned to the Emperors part, Whereof hearyng the lorde Lawtrick made therfore great sorowe, and beyng somewhat amended of his disease, tooke his horse and came to visite the Campe, and when he sawe his nomber so minished and his Campe so deso••ate of people that he perceiued that his enterprise could not be performed, he fell in∣to suche a malencoly y^• his sickenes toke him more feruētly then before, so that within two daies after, whiche was the xxi. day of August he died at and his body was sered and conueyed after into Fraunce.

The Marques of Saluce whiche was Liuetenaunt vnder the lord Lawtrick called to counsel the Erle Guy of Rancon and Peter de Na∣uer and other capitaines that wer left, and after long consultacion they cōsidered their nomber to be to small either to kepe the siege or to abide battel, for they passed not v.M. in all. Wherfore they cōcluded to leue the siege and to returne, and so the xxv. daye of August they brake vp their Campe and returned toward Fraūce, in whiche returne the Spa∣niardes euer costed them, and when they tooke any Frencheman at ad∣uauntage, they either siewe or tooke them. Thus was the ende of this iorney by reason of the great mortalitie, whiche if it had not happened, the citie and the whole realme of Naples had been recouered: For the citie of Naples could not haue holden x. dayes, after the army remoued as they con••essed after.

The Erle of saint Poul (whiche was appointed to passe into Italye as you haue heard before) knew nothyng of the mortalitie at Naples. Wherfore with all spede he passed the mountaines the same sea••on that the duke of Brūswyke returned & came into the duchy of Myllain and tooke certaine fortresses whiche the Emperors power had wonne, and after that the aydes of the Uenicians and duke Fraunces Sforcias were ioyned with him, he besieged the citie of Pauye and within a fewe dayes the citie was taken by force and the walles beaten doune to the ground for dispite that the Frenche kyng was taken before the toune. These doynges were not so muche pleasaunt to the Frenche kyng as the losse of the citie of Geane was to him displeasaunt. For the same season Andrewe Dorye whiche was all the doet for the Frenche kyng on the sea▪ & had before tyme in the Frenche kynges quarel vanquished the lord Hugo Uiceroy of Naples, & had taken y^e Marques of Gnasto & Ascayne de Columna & other capitaines belongyng to the Emperor, whiche prisoners the Frenche kyng cōmaunded him to deliuer into his hādes, which thing Andrew Dory thought not reasonable, cōsideryng

that he tooke him, and for that cause and because his wages was not payed, he tooke his Galeys and sayled to Geane where he was borne and also was there of great authoritie and estimacion, and there he so persuaded the people that they became unperial and tooke Trenulsius the Frenche kynges frende and put him in warde, and prepared to de∣tende the citie against the Frenche kynges power, whereof hearyng the Erle of saint Poule sent in al hast his light horsemen to succor the citie but or they came the citezens wer so furnished that the Frenchemen had no hope of recouery, wherfore they returned to Alexādry, and there thei counsailed together how to take the citie of Myllayne whiche was sore desolate of people and brought to great mischiefe by the crueltie of Spaniardes and Almaines, but when they heard tel that the Emperor had sent ii.M. Spaniardes to ayde Anthony de Leua, they chaunged their purpose and determined to recouer the citie of Geane againe. For whiche purpose the erle lefe the Uenicians at Casyan, and the power of duke Fraunces Sforcie he left at Pauye to kepe the passages that the Spaniardes should not stray farre abrode, and also to kepe the passa∣ges that no vitayle should come to y^• Spaniardes whiche at that tyme had onely the citie and castle of Myllain and none other fortresse to re∣sorte to. And therle himselfe lay at a village called Landryan, and for the more spede of his enterprise he sent his forward with all his artille∣••y before toward ••eane, hauyng with him his middle warde and rere∣warde. Of all these doynges Anthony de Leua liyng at Myllayn by his espyals was truely from tyme to tyme aduertised, wherfore he like a polletike capitaine considered how the erle had done folishly to sende his ordinaunce and forward before, he therfore determined to take the auauntage of the Frenchemen if he might, and so called to him all his capitaines and to theim sayd: Felowes in armes and souldiors to the Emperor our master,* 15.159 see and consider what a great occasion of victory is offered to vs this present day, for the Uenicians and the Sforcians be seuered from the Frenchemen, and therle of saint Poul with parte of his army lyeth at Landryan and hath sent his forward & his ordinaūce toward Geane, wherfore we will set on him sodainly if you agree, and if we ouercome him the praise shalbe ours, and if he flye at our cōmyng yet folowyng him we shall get a great pray and botie. To this entent all the other souldiers agreed (for they wer very nedy and glad to haue somewhat) and so he caused it to be proclaymed that all his men shuld be redy at an houre, and that euerye man should haue a white shyrt a∣boue his apparel that one in the darke might know another, and when euery man was ready and the euenyng approched, Anthony de Leua accordyng to his enterprise set forwarde and was all armed and satte in a chayre caried by iiii.* 15.160 strong persones.

When y^• citezens of Myllain saw him thus armed & borne in a chayre

and knew wel that he had a rōnyng gout and could not styrre himself, thei meruailed much of his audacitie, but by y^• experiēce of other thyn∣ges by him done, they iudged that he entended some great enterprise, but because the nomber of his people was so lytle they doubted the se∣quele of his aduenture. But for all their imaginacions he with his people secretely issued out of Myllain and passed forward without any noyse, and in the mornyng sodainly set on therle of saint Poul and his army, so that the erle had no leysure to send for his ordinaunce and for∣ward but was fayne to trust to suche as were then with him. And at the fyrst brunte the Almaynes fled, and the Frenche horsemen also, & with a litle fight all the other fled, and as the Erle himselfe was fleyng ouer a great ••iche on horsebacke, he with the erle Guy of Raucon and the lord Castillyon and many other nobles and gentlemen wer taken prisoners and all their vitail purue••aunce & artillerie wer prayes to themperors souldiers which muche refreshed thē. After this iorney y^e Frenche kyng had no army in Italy, wherfore Fraunces Sforcia seyng himselfe de∣••titute of ayde, made meanes to the Emperor by Pope Clement ••or the appointment both of the duchy of Myllain and also for his answere of certain treasons of the which he was accused to the Emperor, to whom themperor answered that the next sommer he would come into Italy to receiue his Emperial croune, and then he would take suche an order as right and equitie should require. This was the ende of the warres be∣gon betwene the kyng of England & the Frenche kyng on y^e one partie and the Emperor on the other partie, in the xix. yere of the kyng as you haue heard before. For after this iorney the lady Margaret duches of Sauoy & aunt to themperor, and the lady Loyse duches of Angulesme and mother to the French kyng continually labored for a peace, so that by their meanes a treatie was appointed to be kept at Cābray in Iune folowyng as you shall heare after.

Now let vs returne to the kyng of England whiche was in a great scruple of his conscience & not quiet in his mynde, because that diuers diuines well learned secretely enformed him that he liued in adultry w^t his brothers wife to the great peril of his soule, and tolde him farther y^• the court of Rome could not dispence w^t Gods cōmaūdement & precept. These thinges were talked among the cōmon people sith the fyrst daye of his mariage as you haue heard before, insomuche that now the kyn∣ges counsailors aduised him to know the trueth. Wherfore he like a wise prince for qui••tyng of his cōscience called toge••her the best lerned of the realme whiche were of seueral opinions, wherfore he thought to know the trueth by indifferent iudges lest perauenture y^• Spanyardes in fauor of y^e quene would say that his owne subiectes wer not indif••e∣rent iudges, wherfore he wrote his cause to Rome because the best ••••er∣kes in Christendome wer there, and also he sent to al the vniuersities of Italy and Fraunce and to the great clerkes of al christendom to know their opinions, and desired the court of Rome to send into his realme a

legate to heare the cause debated whiche should be indifferent and of a great iudgement. At whose request the whole consistorye of the college of Rome sent thither Laurence Campeius a prest Cardinall, a man of great wit & experience, but more lerned in y^e papal law then in diuinitie whiche was sent as legate into England in the x. yere of this kyng as you haue heard in the sayd yere, & with him was ioyned in cōmission y^• Cardinal o•• Yorke & legate of England, & so this Cardinal Campeius by long iorneyes came into England & muche preparacion was made to receiue him triumphantly into Lōdon, but he was so sore vexed with the goute that he refused all suche solempnities, & desired heartely that he might without pompe be cōueyed to his lodgyng for his more quiet & 〈◊〉〈◊〉, & so the ix. day of October he came from saint Mary Ouereys by water to the bishop of Bathes place without Temple barre where he lo••ged the last tyme he was in England. Where he was visited of the Car••inal of Yorke & di••ers other e••tates & prelates.* 15.161 And after he had rested him a season & was somwhat releued of his pain, he was brought to the kynges presence then liyng at Brydewel by y^e Cardinal of yorke and was caried in a chayer of Crimosyn veluet borne betwene iiii. per∣sones for he was not able to stand, and the Cardinal of yorke and he sat both on the right hand of the kynges throne, and there one Frauncisco secretarie to Cardinal Campe••••s made an eloquent oracion* 15.162 in the La∣tin tongue, in the whiche he rehersed, ••yrst with what crueltie the Empe∣rors souldiers had handeled the pope, what tyranny thei had shewed to the Cardinals and priestes, what sacrilege & spoyle they had cōmitted in saint Peters churche▪ how thei had violat virgyns, rauished mennes wyues, & in conclusion spoyled robbed & tormēted all the Romaines & inhabitantes in the citie of Rome: and farther he shewed what frēdship the college of Rome found at the kynges handes & the Frenche kinges in the tyme of that tribulacion, that if they had not ioyned together, the citie of Rome w^t all their gouernors had been brought to vtter ruyne & decay, for y^• whiche he sayd that pope Clement & al his college of car∣dinals & the Senators of y^e citie w^t al the citezens rendered to the kyng their hartie thākes, & {pro}mised him their loue, fauor & amitie perpetual.

This oracion (as cōcernyng the trouble of Rome) was set forth with suche lamentacio••s, suche abhominable actes & tyrānyes that the most part of the hearers thought it more eloquent then true. To the whiche Oracion doctor Fox Prouost of Cambridge made a discrete answere,* 15.163 & as to the fyrst point he declared that the kyng muche lamented to heare his frendes yea or any other christen men to be ordered or hādeled with suche tyrāny and oppression: and as touchyng the second point he sayd that the kyng did but the duetie of a christen prince to releue his frēdes beyng in captiuitie for the whiche he would y^• the whole citie of Rome should geue thankes to God and not to him. After whiche answere made the two legates communed secretely with the kyng a long space and after departed to their lodgyng.

Of the cōmyng of this Legate the common people beyng ignorant of the truth and in especial women & other that fauored the quene talked largely, & sayd that the kyng would for his own pleasure haue another wife & had sent for this legate to be deuorsed frō his quene, with many folishe wordes, insomuche that whosoeuer spake against the mariage was of the cōmon people abhored & reproued, whiche cōmon rumour & folishe cōmunicacions wer related to y^• kyng, wherfore he like a prudēt prince & circumsp•••••• doer in all his affaires, & willyng all men to know his entent and purpose, caused all his nobilitie, Iudges & counsailors with diuers other persones to come to his palace of Brydewell on son∣day the viii. day of Nouēber at after noone in his great chamber and there to them sayd as nere as my witte could beare away these wordes folowyng.

Our trustie and welbeloued subiectes both you of the nobilitie and you of the meaner sort,* 15.164 it is not vnknowen to you how that we, both by Goddes prouision and true & lawfull inheritaunce haue reigned ouer this realme of England almost the terme of xx. yeres, Duryng whiche tyme we haue so ordered vs, thanked be God that no outwarde enemye hath oppressed you nor taken any thyng from vs, nor we haue inuaded no realme but we haue had victory & honor, so that we thinke that you nor none of your predecessors neuer liued more quietly, more wealthy, nor in more estimacion vnder any of our noble progen••tors: But when we remember our mortali••ie and that we must dye, then we thinke that all our doynges in our life tyme are clerely defaced & worthy of no me∣morie if we leue you in trouble at the tyme of our death. For if our true heyre be not knowen at the tyme of our death, se what mischiefe & trou∣ble shall succede to you and your children. The experience therof some of you haue sene after the death of our noble graundfather kyng Ed∣ward the .iiii. and some haue heard what mischief & manslaughter con∣tinues in this realme betwene the houses of Yorke and Lancaster, by y^• whiche discencion this realme was like to haue been clerely destroyed. And although it hath pleased almighty God to send vs a fayre dough¦ter of a noble woman and me begotten to our great comfort & ioy, yet it hath been tolde vs by diuers great clerkes that neither she is our law∣ful doughter nor her mother our lawful wife, but that we liue together abhominably and detestably in open adultry, insomuche that when our ambassade was last in Fraunce & mocion was made that the Duke of Orleance should mary our sayd doughter, one of the chiefe coūsailors to the Frenche kyng sayd, It wer well done to know whither she be the kyng of Englād his lawful doughter or not, for well knowen it is that he begat her on his brothers wife whiche is directly against Gods law & his precept. Thinke you my lordes that these wordes touche not by body & soule, thinke you y^• these doynges do not daily & hourly trouble my conscience & vexe my spirites, yes we doubt not but & if it wer your owne cause euery mā would seke remedy when the peril of your soule &

the losse of your inheritaūce is openly layde to you. For this only cause I protest before God & in the worde of a prince, I haue asked counsail of the greatest clerkes in Christendome, and for this cause I haue sent for this legate as a man indifferent only to know the truth and to settle my conscience and for none other cause as God can iudge. And as tou∣chyng the quene, if it be adiudged by y^• law of God that she is my law∣full wife, there was neuer thyng more pleasaunt nor more acceptable to me in my life both for the discharge & cleryng of my conscience & also for the good qualities and condicions the whiche I know to be in her. For I assure you all,* 15.165 that beside her noble parentage of the whiche she is discended (as all you knowe) she is a woman of moste gentlenes, of moste humilitie and buxumnes, yea and of al good qualities apper∣tainyng to nobilitie, she is without comparison, as I this xx. yeres al∣moste haue had the true experiment, so that if I were to mary againe i•• the mariage might be good I would surely chsoe her aboue all other women: But if it be determined by iudgement that our mariage was against Goddes law and clerely voyde, then I shall not onely sorowe the departyng from so good a Lady and louyng cōpanion, but muche more lament and bewaile my ••nfortunate chaunce that I haue so long liued in adultry to Goddes great displeasure, and haue no true heyre of my body to inherite this realme. These be the sores that vexe my mynde, these be the panges that trouble my cōscience, & for these greues I seke a remedy. Therfore I require of you all as our trust and confi∣dence is in you to declare to our subiectes our mynde and entent accor∣dyng to our true meanyng, and desyre them to pray with vs that the very trueth may be knowen for the discharge of our conscience and sa∣uyng of our soule, and for the declaracion hereof I haue assembled you together and now you may depart.

To see what countenaunce was made amongest the hearers of this Oracion it was a straunge sight, for some sighthed and sayd nothyng, other were sory to heare the kyng so troubled in his conscience. Other that ••auored the quene muche sorowed that this matter was now ope∣ned, and so euery man spake as his heart serued him, but the kyng euer labored to know the trueth for discharge of his conscience.

Shortly after this the two Legates came to the quene at the same place of Brydewell,* 15.166 and declared to her how they were deputed iudges indifferent betwene the kyng and her to heare and determyn whether the mariage betwene them siode with Goddes lawe or not. When she heard the cause of their cōmyng, no merueil though she were astonnied for it touched her very nere. And when she had paused a while she an∣swered: Al••s my lordes is it now a question whether I be the kynges lawful wife or no?* 15.167 When I haue been maried to him almost xx. yeres & in the meane season neuer questiō was made before? Dyuers prelates yet beyng aliue & lordes also & priuie coūsailors with the kyng at that tyme, then adiudged our mariage lawful and honest, and now to say it

is detestable and abhominable, I thynke it greate maruell: and in espe∣ciall when I consider, what a wise prince the kynges father was, and al∣so the loue and naturall affeccion, that Kyng Fernando my father bare vnto me: I thynke in my self that neither of our fathers, were so vncir∣cumspect, so vnwise, and of so small imaginacion, but thei forsawe what might folowe of our mariage, and in especiall the Kyng my father, sent to the Courte of Rome, and there after long suite, with greate cost and charge, obteigned a license and dispensacion, that I beyng the one bro∣thers wife, and perauenture carnally knowen, might without scrupull of conscience, mary with the other brother lawfully, whiche license vn∣der lead I haue yet to shewe, whiche thynges make me to saie and sure∣ly beleue, that our mariage was bothe lawfull, good, and Godly: But of this trouble I onely maie thanke you my lorde Cardinall of Yorke, for because I haue wondered at your high pride & vainglory, and abhorre your volupteous life, and abhominable Lechery, and litle regard your presūpteous power and tyranny, therefore of malice you haue kyndeled this fire, and set this matter a broche, & in especiall for the greate malice, that you beare to my nephewe the Emperour, whom I perfectly knowe you hate worse then a Scorpion, because he would not satisfie your am∣bicion, and make you Pope by force, and therefore you haue saied more then once, that you would trouble hym and his frendes, and you haue kept hym true promise, for of all his warres and vexaciōs, he onely may thanke you, and as for me his poore aunte and kynswoman, what trou∣ble you put me to, by this newe found doubt, God knoweth, to whom I commit my cause accordyng to the truth. The Cardinall of Yorke excu∣sed hymself, saiyng, that he was not the beginner, nor the mouer of the doubte, & that it was sore against his will, that euer the mariage should come in question, but he saied that by his superior the Bishop of Rome, he was deputied as a Iudge to heare the cause, whiche he sware on his profession to heare indifferently, but whatsoeuer was saied, she beleued hym not, and so the Legates toke their leaue of her and departed. These woordes were spoken in Frenche, and written by Cardinall Campeius secretory, whiche was present, and by me translated as nere as I could.

The kyng notwithstandyng that his mynd was vnquiet, yet he kept a good countenaunce toward the Quene, with asmuche loue, honor, and gentlenes, as could be shewed to suche a Princes, but he absteined from her bed, till the truth was tried▪ accordyng as his Ghostly counsail had auised hym, whiche was to hym no litle pain, for surely he loued her as well, as any Prince might loue his wife, and she hym again, and there∣fore it was greate pitie, that their mariage was not good.

The more to quicken his spirites and for recreacion, the Kyng kepte his Christmas at Grenewiche, with muche solempnitie and greate plen∣tie of viandes, and thether came the twoo Legates, whiche wer receiued by twoo Dukes, and diuerse Erles, Barons and Gentlemen, to whom the kyng shewed greate pleasures, bothe of Iustes, Tornay, Bankettes

Maskes and disguisynges,* 15.168 & on the xii. daie he made the lawfull sonne of Cardinal Campeius, borne in wedlocke, knight, and gaue hym a col∣ler of. S. S. of golde: but the Quene shewed to them no maner of counte∣naunce, and made no great ioye of nothyng, her mynd was so troubled.

This doyng in England, was spred ouer al Christendo•• by letters, and in euery region excepte Spain, and the Emperors dominions, thei adiudged the kyng a wise, a verteous, & a prudent prince, for triyng out of the truthe, consideryng that the question was not onely doubtfull to learned menne in Diuinitie, but vpon the vncertaintie of thesame, de∣pended the ruine of his realme and the successiō of thesame, whiche was a waightie thyng to consider, and no wisedome to let so greate a doubte lye vndiscussed.

After Christmas and all Lent till Easter, was none other thyng com∣moned of, but onely of the kynges mariage, the Archebishop of Cantor∣bury sent for the famous docters, of bothe the Uniuersities to Lambeth and there wer euery daie disputacions, and cōmonynges of this matter, and because the kyng perceiued & knewe well, that the quene was wed∣ded to her awne opinion, and that he would that she should do nothyng without counsail, he bad her chose the best clerkes of his realme, to be of her counsaill, and licensed them to do▪ the best on her part that thei could accordyng to the truthe: then she elected Willyam Warhā Archbishop of Cātorbury, and Nicholas West bishop of Elie, docters of the lawes, and Ihon Fi••••her bishop of Rochester, and Henry Standishe bishop of sainct Asse, docters of Diuinitie, and many other docters and well lear∣ned men, whiche for a suertie like men wel learned, defended her cause as far as learnyng might defend it, as you shall here in the yere folowyng.

This yere was sir Iames Spenser Maior of Londō, in whose tyme the watche in London on Midsomer night was laied doune.

¶The .xxi. yere.* 15.169

IN the beginnyng of this yere, in a greate Hall within the blacke Friers of London, was ordeined a solempne place, for the twoo Legates to sit in, with twoo cheyers couered with clothe of gold, and cusshions of thesame, and a Dor∣mant table rai••ed before, like a solempne Courte, all coue∣red with Carpettes and Tapissery:* 15.170 on the right hande of the court was hanged a clothe of estate, with a Chayer and Cusshions of riche Tissue, for the kyng, and on the left hande of the Courte, was set riche chayer for the Quene. When the place was redy, the Kyng and the Quene wer ascited by Docter Sampson, to appere before the Legates, at the fore∣named place, the twentie and eight daie of Maie, beyng then the morow after the feast of Corpus Christi, in proper persō, or by their Proctors. At the daie assigned, the Legates came to the forenamed place, with Crosses Pillers, Axes, and all the Ceremonies belongyng to their degrees, and after that thei wer set (the Cardinal of Yorke sittyng on the right hand)

their Commission was redde, and the cause of their commyng thether o∣penly declared, the effect whereof was, that the Courte of Rome was in∣structed, that greate Clerkes and learned men, had enformed the Kyng, that his mariage with his brothers wife, was vnlawfull, dāpnable, and directly againat the Lawe of God, wherefore thei were directed and ap∣poynted by thesaied Courte, to bee iudges in the cause, and to here what on bothe parties could bee alleged: after this was dooen the kyng was called by name, for whom twoo procters appered, then the Quene was called, whiche within shorte space, beyng accompaignied with the foure Bishoppes, and other of her counsaill, and a greate compaignie of La∣dies and gentle women folowyng her,* 15.171 came personally before the Lega∣tes, and after her obeisance, sadly and with greate grauitie doen, she ap∣peled from them, as Iudges not competent for that cause, to the Courte of Rome▪ and after that doen she departed again. Notwithstādyng this appele, the Legates sat wekely, & euery daie were argumentes on bothe partes, and nothyng els doen.

The king whiche onely desired, to haue an ende in this matter, for di∣scharge of his conscience, came to the Courte the of Iune, and the Quene also, where he standyng vnder his clothe of estate, saied these wordes in effect folowyng:* 15.172 My lordes, Legates of the Sea Apposto∣like, whiche be deputied Iudges, in this greate and waightie matter, I moste hartely beseche you, to ponder my mynde and entent, whiche onely is to haue a finall ende, for the discharge of my cōscience: for euery good christen man knoweth what pain, •• what vnquietnes he suffreth, which hath his conscience greued, for I assure you on myne honoure, that this matter hath so vexed my mynd, & troubled my spirites, that I can scan∣tely studie any thyng, whiche should bee proffitable for my Realme and people. And for to haue a quietnes in body and soule, is my desire and request, and not for any grudge that I beare to her that I haue maried for I dare saie that for her womanhode, wisedom, nobilitie, and gentle∣nes, neuer Prince had suche another, and therfore if I would willyngly chaunge I wer not wise: wherfore my suite is to you my Lordes at this tyme, to haue a spedy ende, accordyng to right, for the quietnes of my mynde and conscience onely, and for no other cause as God knoweth.

When the Kyng had saied, the Quene departed without any thyng saiyng, then she was called, to knowe whether she would bide by her ap∣peale, or answere there before the Legates, her Procter answered, that she would byde by her appeale, that notwithstandyng, the Counsailers on bothe sides euery daie almoste met, and debated this matter substan∣cially, so that at the last the Diuines were all of opinion, that the ma∣riage was against the Lawe of God, if she were carnally knowen, by the first brother whiche thyng she clerely denied) but to that was answered, that Prince Arthur her husbande, confessed the act doen, when he called for drynke earely in the mornyng, saiyng: that he had been in Spaine that night, whiche was a hote countrey, meanyng that he had carnally

vsed her, father at the tyme of the death of Prince Arthur, she thought and iudged that she was with childe, and for that cause, the kyng was deferred from the Title and Creacion of the Prince of Wales, almoste halfe a yere, whiche thyng could not haue been iudged, if she had not been carnally knowen.

Also she her self caused a Bull to bee purchased, in the whiche were these woordes, Vel forsan cogni••am, whiche is asmuche to saie, as perauenture carnally knowen, whiche woordes were not in the firste Bull graunted by Iuly at her seconde mariage to the Kyng, whiche seconde Bull with that clause was onely purchased▪ to dispence with the second Matrimo∣ny, although there were carnall copulacion before, whiche Bull neded not to haue been purchased, if there had been no carnall copulacion, for then the ••irst Bull had been sufficient.

When the Diuines on her side, were beaten from that grounde, then thei fell to perswasions of Naturall reason, how this should not be vn∣doen for three causes: One was because if it should bee broken, the one∣ly childe o•• the Kyng, should bee a Bastarde, whiche were a greate mis∣chief to the realme: Secondly, the seperacion should bee a cause of great vnkyndnes, betwene her kynred and this realme. And the thirde cause was, that the continuaunce of so long space, had made the Mariage honest: These perswasions with many other, were sette furthe by the Quenes Counsaill, and in especiall by the Bishop of Rochester, whiche stode stiffe in her cause, but yet Goddes precept was not answered, wher∣fore thei left that ground and fell to pleadyng, that the Court of Rome had dispensed with that Mariage: To this some Lawers saied, that no yearthely persone is able to dispence with the positiue Lawe of God.

When the Legates had heard the opinions of the Diuines, and sawe that their opinion for the moste part, was against the Matrimony, and that nowe the question was brought to dispute, the aucthoritie of the Court of Rome, thei beganne a litle to quicken: For thei consi••ered that if thei should ••aie and determyne, that the Court of Rome might not di∣spence in that case, that fewe menne would thynke, that thei might di∣spence in any other case, which•• should bee to theim, a greate losse and hurt. Wherfore thei dissimuled the matter, and euer told the Kyng, that he should haue an ende shortly, and tracted furthe the tyme with Ora∣cions and Sophisticall argumentes, till August beganne to approche: then Cardinall Campeius saied, that thei might not sit after Iuly, till October, all whiche season was a vacacion in the Courte of Rome, and their Courte beeyng a member of the Courte of Rome, thei muste nedes dooe thesame: this saiyng was reported to the kyng, whiche by that sai∣yng knewe perfectly, that he should then haue no ende, and then he com∣plained to the dukes of Norfolk a••d Suffolk, and other nobles of his counsaill, how he was delayed, and willed theim at the nexte Session, to require them to make an ende of the cause, and what Iudgement soeuer thei gaue, he would gladly accepte it, for the quietnes of his conscience.

These noble menne came to the place, where the Legates sat, the .xxx. daie of August, beyng Fridaie, where as Cardinal Campeius, declared in eloquent Latin, and sware on his honor and faithe that he bare to the churhce of Rome, that the course of the courtes there be, at thende of Iu∣ly, to suspende all causes, till the .iiii. daie of October, and if any cause bee treated, and iudged in the meane season, that iudgement to be clerely voyde, and therfore he required the kyng to take pacience, till that time, trustyng that then thei should procede toward sentēce, so that he should bee contented: the noble menne desired theim to make an ende, whatsoe∣uer it were, that daie or the nexte daie, whiche was the last daie of Iuly: but thei answered that thei could sitte no more till October, whiche an∣swere sore displeased the noble menne, whiche the kyng had sent thether, in so muche that Charles Duke of Suffolke, seeyng the delaye, gaue a greate clappe on the Table with his hande and said: by the Masse, now I see that the olde saied sawe is true, that there was neuer Legate nor Cardinall, that did good in Englande, and with that saiyng all the Temporall Lordes departed to the Kyng▪ leauyng the Legates sittyng one lookyng on the other sore astonnied, because thei sawe the Tempo∣rall lordes depart in anger.

You maie bee sure, that the kyng was not well content, when he hard of this delaye, but yet like a wise Prince, he tooke it paciently, trustyng to haue an ende in October ensuyng: But when he heard tell, that a let∣ter was sent for the Cardinall Campeius, that he should with spede, re∣turne into Italy, and that he prouided for his iorney: Then he openly perceiued, that the Legates dissimuled the tyme to haue the matter in the Courte at Rome, for the mainteinaunce of their aucthoritie, knowe∣yng perfectly, that there he should bee foded furthe with argumentes so long, that he should bee in maner wery, and also all that tyme, he should bee vnquiet in his conscience, whiche was the greatest care, that he had, but the seconde care that he tooke, was to see the Cardinall of Yorke, (whom he so highly fauoured and trusted, and whom he had so highly promoted, bothe to the Archbishopriche of Yorke, and the Bishopriches of Winchester, Duresme, and the Abbay of Saincte Albones, with ma∣ny other greate dignities and promocions, beside the Chauncellor∣shippe of Englande) so vnfaithfully to dissimule with hym, and not to open the very truthe, whiche caused hym clerely to cast hym out of his fauor, in the whiche he had long been.

Whē the nobles and prelates perceiued, that the kynges fauor was from the Cardinall sore minished, euery manne of the Kynges Coun∣saill, beganne to laye to hym suche offences, as thei knewe by hym, and all their accusacions were written in a boke, and all their handes set to it, to the nombre of thirtie and foure, whiche boke thei presented to the kyng. When the kyng sawe the boke, he marueiled not a litle, for by the Articles conteigned in thesame, he euidently perceiued the high pride and coueteousnes of the Cardinall, and sawe openly with what dissi∣mulacion

and clokyng, he had handeled the kynges causes: how he with faire liyng woordes, he blynded and defrauded the kyng, moste vn∣truly, whiche accusacions sore moued the kyng against hym, but yet he kepte it close for a tyme, and so the Kyng rode on his progresse with the Quene to Woodstocke. And at the feast of the Natiuitie of our Lady, he came to Grafton, beside Stony Stratforde, and thether came the twoo Legates, and were but meanely receiued, sauyng that the Kyng made to theim good semblaunce, and in especiall to Cardinall Campe∣ius, because he came into Englande at his request: and after dinner the saied Campeius toke his leaue of the kyng, and then the kyng him con∣ueighed to the chamber dore, and there thei departed, and the Cardinall of Yorke also wente with his compaignion to Tocester, and on the mo∣rowe he came to Grafton to speake with the kyng, whiche was then ry∣dyng out on huntyng, and sent hym woorde by Henry Norreis, that he should accompaignie Campeius to London, and when the kyng came to London, he would more cōmen with hym: thus almoste dismaied the Cardinall of Yorke, returned to his compaignion to Tocester, and so thei came together to London, where to the Cardinall Campeius, were deliuered greate rewardes, and so he toke his iorney toward the sea side Where the kynges counsail, caused his chestes & cariages to be opened to se what letters the Cardinal of Yorke had sent to the court of Rome, & there wer but a fewe letters found, for thei were sent before in poste, but in many chestes wer found, old hosen, old coates, and suche vile stuffe, as no honest man would eary to haue it, which serche muche displeased Cā∣peius, and the more because his coffers wer like wise opened in Chepe, by the rashenes of a Moile, as you heard in the tenth yere of the kyng.

Thus departed out of Englande in high displeasure, the craftie Car∣dinall Campeius,* 15.173 leauyng behynde hym his subtle felowe, whiche after their departyng from the kyng at Grafton, neuer sawe the Kyng, nor came in his presence. This greate Session of the legates, was com∣mued of through Christendome, and in especiall in Spain, and other the Emperors Dominions, which sore grudged that the Quene should bee diuorsed from the kyng: and surely the moste part of the laye people of Englande, whiche knewe not the lawe of God, sore murmored at the matter, and muche the more, because there was a gentle woman in the Courte, called Anne Bulleyne, daughter to sir Thomas Bulleyne, Ui∣scount Rocheforde, whom the kyng muche fauoured in all honestie, and surely none otherwise, as all the worlde well knewe after. For this cause the Quenes ladies, gentlewomen, and seruauntes, largely spake & saied that she so entised the kyng, and brought him in suche amours, that one∣ly for her sake and occasion, he would be diuorsed from his Quene, this was the foolishe communicacion of people, contrary to the truth, as you haue hard declared before.

The kyng whiche all the twentie yere paste, had been ruled by other, and in especiall by the Cardinall of Yorke, began now to be a ruler & a

Kyng, yea, a Kyng of suche witte, wisedome, and pollicie, that the like hath not reigned ouer this Realme, as you shall playnly perceiue here after: aswell for the settyng furthe of true Doctryne, as also ••or the augmentacion of his Croune. For when he perceiued, howe the Car∣dinalles had handeled hym, and sawe plainly that the lawe of God was clere, that he might not mary his brothers wife, he thought to sende his Ambassadours to all the Uniuersities in Fraunce and Italy, to knowe their determinacions, and for that cause he sent Doctor Stokesley, and Doctor Foxe, twoo greate Cler••es into Fraunce, whiche sped as you shall here after declared, when the ••••tter serueth.

The kyng continually studiyng on this matter,* 15.174 called a counsaill of the chief of his nobles, to begin at Westminster, the firste daie of Octo∣ber next ensuyng, and also somoned a Parliamēt, to begin the third daie of Nouember, then immediatly folowyng, & declared that thesame coū∣saill, should deuise diuerse actes, necessary and nedefull to bee passed at thesaied Parliament, for reformacion of certain exaccions, dooen by the clergie to the laye people, to whiche counsaill and Parliament, the Car∣dinall was warned and somoned, whiche muche conforted hym, that he outwardly litle abashed: and so he and al the counsaill, came to the coū∣saill chamber at Westminster,* 15.175 and there diuerse daies, communed of di∣uerse thynges, but nothyng was fully concluded, and there the Cardi∣nall shewed hymself, muche more humblier, then he was wont to be, and the lordes shewed themselfes more higher and straunger, then thei were wont to bee, but for all that he abashed not his countenaunce, but came into Westminster hall with all his trayne, the firste daie of the Terme: but none of the kynges seruauntes would go before, as thei were wont to do, and so he sat in the Chauncery, but not in the Starre chamber, for all the lordes and other the kynges counsaill, were gone to Wynsore to the Kyng, where thei enformed the Kyng, that all thynges that he had dooen almoste, by his power Legantyne, were in the case of the Premu∣nire and prouison: and that the Cardinall had forfected, all his landes, tenementes,* 15.176 goodes, and catelles to the kyng: wherefore the kyng wil∣lyng to ordre him, accordyng to the ordre of his lawes, caused his attor∣ney Cristopher Hales, to sue out a Writte of Premunire against hym, in the whiche he licensed hym, to make an attorney.

And farther, the seuentene daie of Nouember, he sent the twoo dukes of Norffolke and Suffolk, to his place at Westminster, to fetche awaie the greate Seale of Englande, whiche he was lothe to deliuer, if there had been may remedy, but in conclusion he deliuered it, to the twoo Du∣kes, whiche deliuered thesame to Docter Tailor Master of the Rolles to cary it to the kyng, whiche so did the next daie: & beside this the Kyng sent sir William Fitz Willyam knight of the Garter, and Thresorer of his house, and Docter Stephin Gardiner, newle made Secretary, to se that no goodes should be embesiled out of his house: and farther ordei∣ned that the Cardinall should remoue to Ashire beside kyngston, there

to tary the kynges pleasure, & to haue all thynes deliuered to hym, whi∣che wer necessary for hym, but not after his old pōpeous & superfluous fashion: For all his goodes wer seazed to the kynges vse. Whē the seale was thus taken from the Cardinall, the dukes of Norffolke and Suf∣folk, with many Erles, Bishoppes, and Barons, came into the Starre chamber, the .xix daie of October, where the duke of Norffolke declared that the kynges highnes, for diueise and sondery offences, had taken frō hym his greate Seale, and deposed hym of all Offices, and least menne might complain for lacke of Iustice, 〈◊〉〈◊〉 had appoynted hym & the duke of Suffolke, with the assent to the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 lordes, to sit in the Starre chā∣ber, to heare and determine causes indifferently, and that of all thynges the Kynges pleasure and commaundement was, that thei should kepe their handes close, from any rewardes takyng, or maintenaunce, and so that weke thei sat in the Starre chamber, and determined causes.

On the daie of thesame moneth, the Cardinall remoued out of his house called Yorke place,* 15.177 with one Crosse saiyng, that he would he had neuer borne more, meanyng that by his crosse, that he bare as legate whiche degre taking was his confusion, as you se openly, and so he toke his barge, and went to Putney by Water, and there toke his horse and rode to Asher, where he remaigned till Lent after.

Duryng whiche tyme, he beeyng called on for an answere in the kyn∣ges Bench, to the premunire, for geuyng benefices by preuension, in di∣sturbance of mennes enheritaunce, and diuerse other open causes in the premunire: he accordyng to the kynges license, constituted Ihon Scute and Edmond Ienny, apprentices of the Lawe his attorneis, whiche by his awne warrant signed with his hande, confessed all thynges concer∣nyng thesaid suite, for thei wer to opē to be cloked or hidden, and so iud∣gement was geuen, that he should forfet al his lādes, tenemētes, goodes and catalles, and should be out of the kynges protecciō, but for all that the kyng sent hym a sufficient proteccion: & of his gentlenes left to hym the Bishoprikes of Yorke and Winchester, and gaue to hym plate and stuffe, conueniēt for his degree, and the bishoprike of Duresme, he gaue to docter Tunstall bishop of London, and the Abbey of sainct Albones he gaue to the Prior of Norwiche, and to London he promoted Docter Ihon Stokesley, then Ambassador to the Uniuersities, for the kynges mariage, as you haue hard before. For all these kyndnes shewed to the Cardinall, yet he still maligned against the kyng, as you shall perceiue here after, by his vntrue doynges, whiche brought hym to confusion.

The twentie and three daie of October, the kyng came to his Manor of Grenewiche, and there muche consulted with his counsaill, for a mete manne to bee his Chauncellour, so that in no wise he were no manne of the Spiritualtie, and so after long debate, the Kyng resoluted hymself vpon sir Thomas More knight, Chauncellour of the Duchie of Lan∣castre, a manne well learned in the toungues, and also in the Common Lawe, whose witte was fyne, and full of imaginacions, by reason wher∣of,

he was to muche geuen to mockyng, whiche was to his grauitie a greate blemishe.* 15.178 And then on the Sondaie, the twentie and foure daie of thesame monethe, the kyng made hym his Chauncellour, and deliue∣red hym the greate Seale, whiche Lorde Chauncellour, the next morow after, was ledde into the Chauncery, by the two dukes of Norffolk and Suffolke, and there sworne, and then the Mace was borne before hym.

Now let vs returne to the treatie of Cambray, whiche was appoyn∣ted to bee kepte the last Sommer, for the conclusion of a peace, betwene the Emperor on the one part, and the kyng of Englande, and the Fren∣che kyng on the other parte, for whiche conclusion there came to Cam∣brey, the Lady Margaret Duches of Sauoy, Aunte to the Emperour and the Lady Loyse Duches of Angulesme, and mother to the Frenche kyng and Docter Tunstall bishoppe of London, and after bishoppe of Duresme, and sir Thomas More knight, after made Chauncellour of Englande, and diuerse other for the Kyng of Englande, all these mette there in the beginnyng of Iuly, accompaignied with diuerse great prin∣ces and Counsailers, on euery parte, and after long debatyng on bothe sides, there was a good conclusion taken, the fifth daie of August, in the whiche was concluded, that the treatie of Madrill, should stande in his full strength and vertue, sauyng the thirde and fourthe, and the leuenth and fourtenth articles, whiche touche the Duchie of Burgoyne, and o∣ther lordshippes.

Item, it was agreed that the Frenche kyng should haue his children deliuered again, paiyng to the Emperoure twoo Millyons of Crounes of gold, whereof he should paie at the deliueryng of the children, twelue hundred thousande Crounes.

Item, that the Frenche kyng should acquite the Emperoure, against the kyng of Englande, of foure skore and tenne thousande Crounes, whiche the Emperoure ought to the kyng of Englande, and the kyng of Englande to deliuer all suche bondes and gages, as he had of the Emperours.

Item, as touchyng the remnant, whiche was fiue hundred and tenne thousande Crounes, the Emperor should haue .xxv. thousande crounes rent yerely, for the whiche he should haue the landes, of the Duches of Uandosme, liyng in Flaunders, and Brabant bounde.

Item, that Flaunders and diuerse other coūtreys, should not behold in chief, nor haue resort to the croune of Fraunce.

Item, that the realme of Naples, the Duchie of Millain, & the coun∣tie of Ast, should for euer remain to the Emperor.

Item, that the Frenche Kyng should with drawe all suche souldiers as he had, out of Italy.

Item, that the Lady Elianor should bee brought into Fraunce, with the Frenche Kynges children, and in tyme conuenient should be maried to the Frenche kyng.

Item, that the Frenche Kyng should aide the Emperor with twelue Gallies to go into Italy.

Item, that all prisoners on bothe parties should be acquited.

Item, that the Frenche Kyng should not ayde Robert de la Marche, against the bishop of Luke.

Item, that al the goodes moueable and vnmoueable, of Charles late Duke of Burbon, should bee restored to his heires, thei paiyng to lorde Henry, Marques of Dapenete, and Erle of Nassaw, Lorde Chamber∣layne to the Emperor, tenne thousande Ducates, whiche he lent to the∣saied Duke of Burbon.

Item, that Ihon Erle of Panthieure, should bee remitted to al suche goodes, as were Erle Rene his fathers.

Item, the Lorde Laurence de Gorowod, greate Master to the Em∣peroure, should bee restored to the Lordeshippes of Chalmount, and Monteualle, whiche he bought of the Duke of Burbon, or els to haue his money again.

Item, Phillip de Chalon Prince of Orenge and Uiceroy of Naples, to be restored to all his landes in Burgoyne.

Item, that the Duches of Uandosme, and Loys Erle of Nau••rs should haue all suche right and accions, as thei should haue had, before the warre began.

In the Emperours countreys, when all thynges were written, sealed and finished, there was a solempne Masse song in the Cathedrall chur∣che of Cambrey, the twoo ladies Ambassadors of the kyng of Englāde, sittyng in greate estate, and after Masse the peace was Proclaimed, be∣twene the three Princes, and Te deum song, and money cast to the people, and greate fires made through the citee. Thesame night the Frenche Kyng came into Cambrey, well and nobly accompaignied and saluted the Ladies, and to them made diuerse bankettes, and then all persones, departed into their countrey glad of this concord.

This peace was called the womennes peace,* 15.179 for because that notwith¦standyng this conclusion, yet neither the Emperoure trusted the Fren∣che kyng, nor he neither trusted nor loued hym, and their Subiectes wer in thesame case. This Proclamacion was proclaymed solempnely, by Herauldes, with trōpettes in the citee of London, whiche Proclama∣cion muche reioysed the Englishe Merchantes, repairyng into Spain,

Flaunders, Brabant, Zelande, and other the Emperors dominions, for duryng the warres, Merchantes were euill handeled on bothe parties, whiche caused them to be desirous of peace.

Here is to be remembred, that at this present tyme, Willyā Tyndale had newly translated and imprinted the Newe Testament in Englishe, and the Bishop of London,* 15.180 not pleased with the translacion thereof, de∣bated with hymself, how he might compasse and deuise, to destroye that false and erronious translacion, (as he saied). And so it happened that one Augustine Packyngton, a Mercer and Merchant of London, and of a greate honestie, thesame tyme was in Andwarp, where the Bishope then was, and this Packyngton was a man that highly fauored Wil∣liam Tindale, but to the bishop vtterly shewed hymself to the contrary. The bishop desirous to haue his purpose brought to passe, commoned of the New Testamentes, and how gladly he would bye them. Packyn∣gton then hearyng that he wished for, saied vnto the bishop, my Lorde, if it bee your pleasure, I can in his matter dooe more I dare saie, then moste of the Merchauntes of Englande that are here, for I knowe the Dutche men and straungiers, that haue bought theim of Tyndale, and haue theim here to sell, so that if it be your lordshippes pleasure, to paye for them, for otherwise I cannot come by them, but I must disburse mo∣ney for theim, I will then assure you, to haue euery boke of them, that is imprinted and is here vnsolde. The Bishop thinkyng that he had God by the too, when in deede he had (as after he thought) the Deuell by the fifte, saied, gentle Master Packyngton, do your diligence and get them and with all my harte I will paie for them, whatsoeuer thei cost you, for the bokes are erronious and naughtes and I entende surely to destroy theim all,* 15.181 and to burne theim at Paules Crosse. Agustine Packyngton came to Willyam Tyndale and saied, Willyam I knowe thou arte a poore man, and hast a hepe of newe Testamentes, and bokes by thee, for the whiche thou hast bothe indaungered thy frendes, and beggered thy self, and I haue now gotten thee a Merchaunt, whiche with ready mo∣ney shall dispatche thee of all that thou hast, if you thynke it so proffita∣ble for hour self. Who is the Merchant said Tindale? The bishoppe of London saied Packyngton, O that is because he will burne them saied Thyndale, ye Mary {quod} Packyngton, I am the gladder said Tyndale, for these two benefites shall come therof, I shall get money of hym for these bokes, to bryng my self out of debt, (and the whole worlde shall crie out vpon the burnyng of Goddes worde). And the ouerplus of the money, that shall remain to me, shall make me more studious, to correct thesaid Newe Testament, and so newly to Imprint thesame once again, and I trust the second will muche better like you, then euer did the first: And so forward went the bargain, the bishop had the bokes, Packyngton had the thankes, and Tyndale had the money.

Afterward when mo newe Testamentes were Imprinted, thei came thicke and threfold into Englande, the bishop of London hearyng that

still there were so many Newe Testamentes abrode, sent for Augustyne Packyngton and saied vnto him: Sir how commeth this, that there are so many Newe Testamentes abrode, and your promised and assured me, that you had bought al? then said Packyngtō, I promes you I bought all that then was to bee had: but I perceiue thei haue made more sence, and it will neuer bee better, as long as thei haue the letters and stam∣pes, therefore it wer best for your lordeshippe, to bye the stampes to, and then are you sure: the bishop smiled at hym and saied, well Packyngton well, and so ended this matter.

Shortly after it fortuned one George Constātine,* 15.182 to be apprehended by sir Thomas More, whiche then was lorde Chauncellor of England, of suspiciō of certain heresies. And this Constantine beyng with More, after diuerse examinacions of diuerse thynges, emong other, Master More saied in this wise to Constantine, Constantine I would haue thee plain with me, in one thyng that I will aske of thee, and I promes thee I will shewe thee fauor, in all the other thynges, whereof thou art accu∣sed to me. There is beyond the sea, Tyndale, Ioye, and a great many mo of you, I knowe thei cannot liue without helpe, some sendeth theim mo∣ney and succoureth theim, and thy self beyng one of them, haddest parte thereof, and there••ore knowest from whence it came. I praie thee who be thei that thus helpe them? My lorde {quod} Constātine, will you that I shal tell you the truethe? Yea I praie thee {quod} my Lorde. Mary I will {quod} Con∣stantyne, truly {quod} he it is the Bishoppe of London that hath holpen vs, for he hath be••••owed emong vs, a greate deale of money in New Testa∣mentes to burne theim, and that hath and yet is our onely succoure and comfort. Now by my trothe {quod} More, I thynke euē thesame, and I said so muche to the bishop, when he went about to bye them.

While this treatie was thus in communicacion at Cambrey, thempe∣ror whiche knewe that his people lacked aide in Italy, and also percei∣ued that the people of Germany and Italy, had hym not in suche honor as thei would, if he wer once crouned Emperor, for in al writynges thei called hym onely Charles elected Emperor, wherefore he determined to go into Italy with a greate puyssaunce, bothe to receiue his Imperiall Croune, and also to aide his people, whiche there remained, and so acc••̄∣paignied with many Princes and noble men of Spain, and men of war he toke shipp at Barcilona, and sailed to Geane, where he was receiued with the seigniorie of the citte,* 15.183 with greate triumphe and honor, & great presentes geuen to hym. Pope Clement hearyng that the Emperor was come into Italy, with all his Cardinalles and whole courte, came to his citee of Bononie, and there taried the Emperors commyng.

While the Emperor laie at Geane, thether came to hym diuerse great Princes of Italy, with greate powers▪ and when all thynges wer redy, he set forward in good ordre of battaill towarde Bononie, and in euery toune he was receiued, presented with greate giftes and feasted, and so by long iorneis, he came nere to Bononie, where firste met with hym, all

the Clergie of the Citie with procession, then all the vniuersitie in there habites, al on horsebake, then came all the Children of the citie, in white sattin fringed with gold, after them the marchaūtes of the citie, al in ••ri∣mosyn Damaske, then folowed the potestates & gouernors of the citie all in Crimosyn veluet, & within a myle of the citie there met hym foure and twentie Cardinalles: with this triumph themperor was cōueighed to the Cathedrall church, wher on the steppes, of the west dore in a chair sat Pope Clement, and then the Emperour a lighted and kissed his fote* 15.184 and then thei embraced together, and went into the church together and after went in to the pallace where thei wer lodged both, and daily kepte great counsayles together. While the Cardinall lay at Bononie, ther came to him Fraunces Sforse Duke of Millane, to excuse hym selfe of all thynges to hym obiected, and by muche entreatyng at the Popes request he pardoned hym his offence, and restored him to his dignitie and possession, paiyng to hym nine hundreth thousand Ducates, & till thei wer paied, the Castel of Millayne, and the toune of Crome, should abide in themperours possessiō. After this agrement the Emperoure sēt for Anthony de leua, and made him capitayne of his ordinaunce, and so now the duchy of Millayne was brought to quiet. In the same sea∣son the kyng of Englād sent sir Nicholas Carew knight master of his horses, & Doctor Sāpson to Bononie for the ratificacion of the league concluded at Cambray, to the performance whereof the Emperour was solemplie sworne, and so the ambassadours departed: lykewise thempe∣rour sēt into England, Peter Lord of Rosebec, which likewise sawe the kyng of England sworne to performe the same,

According to the somons the kyng of Englāde began his high court of parliamēt, the third day of Nouembre. On which day he came by water to his place of Bridewell, and there he & his nobles put on there robes of parliamēt, and so came to the blacke Freers church, wher a Masse of the holy ghost was solemplie song by the kynges Chappell, & after the Masse, the kyng with all the Lordes of the parliament, and Commons which were somoned to apere at that day came in to the parliamēt chā∣bre, wher the kyng sat in his Throne or seate royal, and Sir Thomas More his Chauncelor standyng on the righthand of the kyng behynde the barre made an eloquent Oracion,* 15.185 declaryng that like as a good shepard whiche not alonely kepeth and attendeth well his shepe, but al¦so forseeth & prouideth for althyng, which either may be hurtful or noy∣some to his stoke, or may preserue and defende thesame agaynst all pe∣ryles that may chaunce to come, so the kyng whiche was the sheaperd, ruler and gouernour of his realme, vigilātly forseyng thinges to come cōsidered how diuers lawes before this tyme wer made nowe by lōg cō∣tinuance of tyme and mutacion of thinges, very insufficient, & vnper∣fight, and also by the frayl condicion of man, diuers new enormities we¦re sprōg amongest the people, for the which no law was yet made to re∣forme thesame, which was the very cause why at that tyme the kyng had

somoned his high courte of parliament: and he resembled the king to a shepard, or heard man for this cause, for if a prince be compared to hys riches, he is but a richeman, if a prince be compared to his honour, he is but an honorable man: but compare him to the multitude of his people and the numbre of his flocke, thē he is a ruler, a gouernor of might and puissaunce, so that his people maketh him a prince, as of the multitude of shepe commeth the name of a shepherd: and as you se that emongest a great flocke of shepe some be rottē and fauty which the good sheperd sendeth from the good shepe, so the great wether which is of late fallen as you all knowe, so craftely, so scabedly, ye & so vntruly iuggeled with the kyng, that all men must nedes gesse and thinke that he thought in him self, that the had no wit to perceiue his craftie doyng, or els that he presumed that the kyng woulde not se nor know his fraudulent Iug∣geling and attemptes: but he was deceiued, for his graces sight was to quike and penetrable, that he saw him, ye and saw through him, both with in and without, so that all thing to him was open, and according to his desert he hath had a gentle correction, which small ponishmēt the kyng will not to be an example to other offendoures, but clerly decla∣reth that whosoeuer here after shall make like attempt or commit like offence, shall not escape with lyke ponyshment: and because you of the common house be am grosse▪ multitude, and cannot speake all at one time: Therfore the kynges pleasure is, that you shall resorte totn he nether house, and ther emongest your self accordyng to the olde and auncient custome to chose an able persō to be your cōmon mouth & speaker, & af∣ter youre election so made to aduertise his grace therof, which wyll de∣clare to you his pleasure what day he wil haue hym presēt in this place

After this done, the commons resorted to the nether house, & thei chose for there speaker Thomas Audeley* 15.186 Esquier & attorney of the Duchie of Lancaster, and the same day was the parliamēt adiourned to West∣minster. On the sixt day of the same moneth the king came in to the par¦liament chambre and all the Lordes in there robes, and ther the com∣mons of the nether house presented there speker, whiche there made an eloquent Oracion* 15.187 which cōsisted in two poynctes, the first poynct was that he muche praysed the kyng for his equitie and Iustice, mixed with mercy and pitie, so that none offence was forgotten and left vnponished nor in the punishment the extremitie nor the rigor of the lawe not cru∣elly extended, whiche shuld be a cause to bridel all men from doing like 〈◊〉〈◊〉, and also a comforte to ••ffendors to confesse there crime and offence, and an occasion of amendment and reconciliacion.

The second poinct was, that he disabled him selfe, both for lacke of wit learnyng and discreciō to so high an office, beseching the kyng to cause his c••mons to resort eftsones to ther common house, and there to chose an other speaker for that parliament.

To this the kyng (by the mouth of the Lorde Chauncelor) answered that where be disabled hym selfe in▪ wit and learnyng, his awne ornate

oracion there made testified the contrary, and as touching his discreciō and other qualities, the kyng him selfe had well knowē him and his do∣ynges, sith he was in his seruice, to be both wise and discrete, and so for an hable man he accepted him, and for the speaker he him admitted.

When the commons were assembled in the nether house, thei began to common of their grefes wherwith the spiritualtie had before tyme gre∣uously oppressed them▪ both cōtrarie to the lawe of the realme, & cōtrarie to al righte, and in especial thei were sore moued with sixe greate causes.

The first for the excesse fynes, which the ordinaries toke for probat of [ 1] Testamentes, insomuche that Sir henry Guilford knight of the gartir and comptrollor of the kinges house, declared in the open Parliament on his fidelitle that he and other beyng executors to Sir William Compton knight paied for the probate of his wil to the Cardinal & the Archbishop of Cauntorburie a thousand Marke sterlyng: after this de¦claracion were shewed so many extorcions done by ordinaries for pro∣bates of willes, that it were to muche to rehearse.

The second cause was the great polling and extreme exaccion, which [ 2] the spirituall men vsed in takyng of corps presentes or mortuaries, ••or the children of the defunct should al dye for hunger and go a beggyng rather then thei woulde of charitie geue to them the sely kow which the dead man ought if he had but only one▪ such was the charitie then.

The third cause was, that priestes beyng surueiors, stuardes and of∣ficers [ 3] to Bishoppes, Abbotes, and other spirituall heddes, had and oc∣cupied Fermes, Graunges, & grasing in euery contrey, so that the poore husbandmen coulde haue nothyng but of them, and yet for that thei shulde pay derely.

The fourth cause was the Abbotes Priors and spiritual men kept [ 4] Tanne house, & bought and soulde woll, clothe and all maner of mar∣chaundise as other temporall marchauntees did.

The fift cause, was beause that spiritual persones promoted to great [ 5] benefices & hauyng there liuyng of the flocke, were liyng in the courte in lordes houses, & toke al of the parishoners, & nothin•• spent on the at al, so that for lack of residēce both the poore of the parish lacked refresh∣yng, & vniuersally al the parishioners lacked preaching, & true instruc¦ciō of Godes worde, to the greate pe••ell of there soules.

The sixt cause was to se one priest beyng litle learned to haue tenne [ 6] or twelue benefices and to be resident on none, and to know many well learned scholers in the vniuersitie which we•• able to preche & teache, to haue nether benefice nor exhibicion.

These thinges before this time might in nowise, be towched nor yet talked of by no man except he would be made an heritike, ro lese al that he had, for the bishopes were chauncelors, and had all the rule about the kyng, so that no man durst once presume to attempt any thing con∣trary to their proffit, or commoditie.

But now when god had illumined the eies of the kyng, and that ther subtell doinges was once espied: then men began charitably to desyre a reformacion, and so at this Parliamēt men begā to shew ther grud∣ges.

Where vpon the Burgesses of the Parliament, appoincted suche as were learned in the law being of the common house, to drawe one bill of the probates of Testamentes, a nother for Mortuaries, and the thirde for none residēce, pluralities, and takyng of Fermes by spiritual men,

The learned men toke muche payne, and firste sett furthe the bill of Mortuaries, whiche passed the common house, and was sent vp to the Lordes.

To this bill, the spirituall Lordes made a fayre face, saiyng that surely priestes and curates toke more then thei should, and therefore it were well done to take some reasonable ordre, thus thei spake because it touched them litle.

But with in two daies after was sēt vp the bill concerning probates of Testamentes, at the which the Archbishop of Cauntorburre in espe∣ciall, and all other bishoppes in generall both frowned and gruntyd, for that touched ther proffite, insomuch as Doctor Ihon Fisher bishop of Rochester,* 15.188 saied openlie in the Parliament chambre these woordes: my Lordes, you se daily what billes come hither from the commō house and all is to the distruction of the churche, for Godes sake se what a Realme the kyngdome of Boheme was, and when the Church went doune, then fell the glory of the kyngdome, now with the Commons is nothing but doune with the Church, and all this me semeth is for lacke of faith only.

When these wordes were reported to the Commons of the nether house, that the bishop should say that all ther doynges were for lacke of faith, thei toke the matter gre••ously, for thei Imagined that the bishop estemed them as Heretikes, and so by his slaunderous woordes would haue perswaded the temporall Lordes to haue restrained there consent from the saied two billes, whiche thei before had passed, as you haue hard before.

Wherefore the Commons after long debate, determined to send the speaker of the Parliament to the kinges highnes, with a greuous com∣playnt, agaynst the bishop of Rochester, and so on a day when the kyng was at layser,* 15.189 Thomas Audeley the speaker for the commons and thirtie of the chief of the common house, came to the kynges presence in his palace at Westminster, whiche before was called yorke place and there very eloquently declared what a dishonour to the kyng and the realme it was so say that thei which were elected for the wysest men of all the She••••s 〈◊〉〈◊〉, and boroughes within the realme of Englād shoulde be declared in so noble and open presence to lacke faith, whiche was equiualent to say, that thei were Infidelles and no Christians, as

as Turkes or Sarasins, so that what payne or studie so euer thei toke for the common wealth, or what actes or lawes so euer thei made or sta¦blished, shulde be taken as lawes made by Panyms and hethen people, & not worthi to be kept by christian men: wherfore he most hymbly be∣sought the kinges highnes, to cal the saied bishop before him & to cause him to speake more discretly of such a nombre as was in the cōmō house

The kyng was not well contented with the saiyng of the bishop, yet he gently answered the speaker, that he woulde send for the bishop and send them worde what answere he made, and so thei departed agayne, After this the kyng sent for the archebishope of Cauntorburie and sixe other bishopes, and for the bishop of Rochester also, and there declared to him the grudge of the commons,* 15.190 to the which the bishop answered that he ment the doinges of the Bohemians was for lacke of faith, and not the doynges of them that were in the common house, whiche saiyng was confirmed by the bishopes being present, which had him in greate reputaciō, and so by that only saiyng the kyng accepted his excuse and therfore sent woord to the comons by sir william Fitz william knight treasoror of his househoulde, which blind excuse pleased the commons nothyng at all.

After this diuers assemblies wer kept betwene certein of the lordes & certayne of the commons, for the billes of probates of Testamentes, and the mortuaries: the temporaltie laied tot he spiritualtie ther awne lawes and constitucions, and the spiritualtie sore defended them by pre∣scripsion and vsage, to whome an answere was made by a gentleman of Greyes Inne: the vsage hath euer ben of theues to robbe on shoters hill, ergo is it lawfull▪ with this answere the spirituall men were sore offended, because there doynges were called robberies, but the tempo∣rall men stode still by there saiynges, in so muche the saied gentle man saied to the Archebishop of Cauntorburie, that both the exaccion of pro¦bates of Testamentes, and the takyng of Mortuaries, as thei were v∣sed were open robbery and theft: after long disputacion, the temporall lordes began to leane to the cōmons, but for al that, the billes remayned vnconcluded a while.

In the meane season,* 15.191 there was a bill assented by the Lordes, and sent doune to the commons, theffect wherof was, that the whole realme by the saied acte, did release tot he kyng, all suche somes of money as he had borowed of them at the loane, in the fiftene yere of his raigne (as you haue hard before) this bill was sore argued in the common house but the most parte of the commons were the kynges seruauntes, and the other were so labored to by other, that the bill was assented to.

When this realease of the loane was knowen to the commons of the Realme, Lorde so thei grudged, and spake ill of the hole Parliament, for almoste euery man counted it his dette, and reconed suerly of the

payment of the same, and therefore some made there willes of thesame, and some other did set it ouer to other for debt, and so many men had losse by it, which caused them sore to murmur, but ther was no remedy, The kyng like a good and a discrete prince, seing that his commons in the Parliament house had released the loane, entendyng somewhat to requite thesame, graunted to them a generall Pardon, of all offences, certayn great offences and debtes only except: also he aidid them for the redresse of there greues against the spiritualtie, and caused two newe billes to be made indifferently, both for the probate of Testamentes and mor••uaries, which billes were so resonable that the spirituall lordes as∣sented to them all though thei were sore against there myndes, and in especiall the probate of Testamentes sore displeased the bishopes, and the mortuaries sore displeased the persones and vicars.

After these Actes, thus agreed, the Commons, made a nother acte for pluralitis, of benefices, none residence, biyng and selling and takyng of f••rmes by spirituall persones, whiche acte so displeased the spiritualtie that the priestes railed on the commons of the common house, and cal∣led them heretikes and scismatikes, for the which diuerse priestes were ponished.

This acte was sore debated aboue in the parliament chambre, and the Lordes spirituall woulde in nowise consent. Wherfore the kyng perceiuing the grudge of his commons, caused eight lordes and eight of his commons to mete in the starre chambre at an after none, and ther was sore debatyng of the cause, insomuche that the temporall Lordes of the vpper house, which were there, toke parte with the Commons, a∣gaynst the spirituall lordes and by force of reason caused them to assent to the bil with a litle qualifiyng, whiche bill the nexte day was wholy a greed to in the lordes house, to the great reioisyng of the lay people, and to the greate displeasor of the spirituall persones.

Duryng this Parliament was brought doune to the commons, the boke of articles whiche the Lordes had put to the kyng agaynste the Cardinall, the chief articles were these.

First that he without the kynges assent had procured to be a Legate, by reason whereof he toke away the right of all bishopes and spiritual persones,

Item, in all writynges which he wrot to Rome or any other foreyn Prince, he wrot Ego et Rex meus, I and my kyng, as who woulde say that the kyng were his seruaunt.

Item, that he hath sclaundered the church of England in the courte of Rome, for his suggestion to be legat was to reforme the churche of Englande, which as he worte was F••cta in reprobum censum.

Item, he without the kynges assent, caried the kynges great Seale, withe hym into Flaunders when he was sent ambassad to the Empe∣roure,

Item, he without the kynges assent, sent a commission to Sir Gre∣gory de Cassado, knighte, to conclude a league betwene the kyng and the Duke of Farrar, without the kynges knowlege.

Item that he hauyng the Frenche pockes presumed to come & breth on the kyng.

Item, that he caused the Cardinalles hat to be put on the kynges coyne.

Item, that he woulde not suffer the kynges clarke of the market, to sit at Sainct Talbons.

Item, that he had sent innumerable substaunce to Rome, for the ob∣teinyng of his dignities to the greate enpouerishment of the realme,

These Articles with many more, red in the common house, and sig∣ned with the Cardinalles hande, was confessed by hym, & also ther was shewed a writyng sealed with his Seale, by the whiche he gaue to the kyng all his mouables and vnmouables.

On the day of the concepcion of oure Lady, the kyng at Yorke place at Westminster, in the parliament tyme created the vicount Rochforth Earle of Wilshire, and the vicount Fitzwater, was created Earle of Sussex, and the Lorde Hastynges, was created Earle of Huntyngton.

When althynges were concluded in the Parliament house, the kyng came to the Parliament chambre the seuentene day of Decembre, and there put his royall assent, to althynges done by the Lordes and com∣mons, and so proroged his court of Parliament, tyll the next yere.

After the Parliament was thus ended, the kyng remoued to Grene∣wiche and ther kept his Christemas with the quene in greate triumph: with great plenti•• of viaundes, and diuerse disguisynges and Enter∣ludes, to the greate reioisyng of his people.

You haue harde before how the Emperour and the Pope was at Bononie, wher the Emperour made great proparacion for the solemp∣nisyng of his coronacion, whiche was appoincted to be of Sainct Ma∣thias day, or the foure and twentie day of February, on whych day, he was borne, and that day also the French kyng was taken, and because that that day had ben euer fortunate to him he appoincted his corona∣cion on that day: he apoincted it also at that place, because he woulde the soner passe into Almayne, to appece suche striefes and debates as was risen betwene the princes there.

And so whā the day came & euery thing was redy, he was crowned Em¦peror, in the churche of. S. Peter, in the citie of Bononi by pope Clemēt the .vii. with al the ceremonies therto belōging. At this coronaciō wer

present the Dukes of Sauoy and Millayn, duke Frederik brother to the Palātine of Rine, and the deputies to all the seuen Electors and the most parte of al the nobles of Italy, an Spayne. This coronacion was done with great solemnities, there was feastyng, iustyng and tor∣ney, and althinges that might sounde to honoure was there shewed, bothe in apparell, and viaunde: and after that the Emperoure and the Pope, with the hole college of Cardinalles, and al the noble men beyng present rode in procession through the hie stretes of Bononi, with suche a pompe and triumph as had not bene sene in Italy many yeres before.

While the Emperour lay thus at Bononie, the kyng of Englande was aduertised by his ambassadoures, whiche he had sent to diuers v∣niuersities for the assoluyng of the doubte cōcernyng his mariage, that the saied vniuersities wer agreed and had clerly concluded, that the one brother to mary the other brothers wife, carnally knowne was directlie against gods lawe, and that the pope nor the court of Rome could in no wise dispence with the same.

Wherefore the kyng knowyng themperour and the bishop of Rome to be to gether at Bononie, determined to send thether asolempne am∣bassade, both to declare to them the law of god, and the determinacion of the vniuersities, and also to require the bishop of Rome to do Iustice acco••••yng to the treuth, and also to shewe to the Emperoure that the kyng did not moue this matter for any displeasure that he bare to him or the quene his awnt, but only for the discharge of his conscience, and for the quietnes of his Realme.

When this purpose was agreed by the kynges counsayle, the kyng appoincted Sir Thomas Bulleyne late created Earle of Wylshier and Doctor Stoksley elected bishop of London, and Doctor, Edward Lee, his almoner, two great Clarkes, for his ambassadours & with them he sēt diuers doctors both of the lawe & diuinitie. These ambassadoures made greate preparacion, and about the begynnyng of Februarie thei set forward, and so muche thei trauailed that thei came to Sauoy wher the Duke in the fayre toune of Cambrey, caused them honorably to bee receiued and fested.

So thei passed the Mountaynes, and so through the duchie of Mil∣lain & by long iorneis thei came to Bononie in lent, wher thei wer hono∣rably receiued by the master of the Emperoures house, and diuers Lor∣des and Gentlemen belongyng to the Pope, and within short space the saied ambassadoures were first conueighed to the Pope, and there declared ther message and shewed the determinacion of the great Doc∣tors and famous vniuersities. Pope Clement whiche was a man of no learnyng but of a great wit made to them a gentle answere,* 15.192 and saied that he woulde here the matter disputed when he came to Rome

and according to right he woulde do Iustice. But his entent was al contrarie, for he knew wel that if he should geue sentence, that Pope Iuly coulde not dispence with the breache of Godes lawe, that then the aucthoritie of the courte of Rome would litle be regarded, and also he feared the Emperours displeasure if he shoulde geue sentence againste his awnte, so that for feare of losing aucthoritie, & of themperors dis∣pleasure, bishop Clement, durst no•• Iudge according to goddes lawe. After thei had bene with the Pope, thei came to the Emperour, whiche them gently receiued, and after thei had done their message, he answe∣red them that he in no wise would be agaynst the lawe of God, and if the court of rome would adiudge that the matrimonie were not good, he would be cōtēt, but he thought al otherwise, for he solicited the pope & al the Cardinalles which wer his frendes to stād by the dispēsaciō, which he iudged to be as strong as goddes law. After this answere thei toke ther leaue of the Emperor, which the nexte weke after departed out of Bononie towarde Almayne in good ordre of battail, he him selfe in gilt harnes, and his nobles in white harnes with riche cotes and trappers very curiously besene.

After that themperour was gon out of Bononie, the ambassadoures of England toke there leaue of the bishop of Rome, which went toward Rome agayne, and retorned toward England, through the Duchy of Millayn, whiche was receiued by the Earle Lodouick, greate coun∣saylor to the Duke of Millain, which earle cōducted them through the whole Duchie of Millayne, & paied al their charges by the dukes cōm∣aūdemēt. And whē these ambassadors wer passed the mountaynes, thei receiued letters frō the kyng, which appoincted the Earle of Wilshire to go ambassade to the Frenche king, which then lay at Burdeaux ma∣kyng prouision for money for the redemyng of his children: and the bi∣shop of London was appoyncted to go to Padua, and other vniuersi∣ties in Italy to know ther opinions in the kynges cace, and the kinges almoner was apoincted to retorne into Englād, and so he did, thus was the end of this ambassad.

You haue hard before how the Cardinall was attainted in the pre∣munire and how he was put out of the office of the chauncelor and lay at Asher: In this Lent season the kyng by the aduice of his counsayle licenced him to go into his diocesse of ••orke, and gaue him commaun∣demēt to kepe hym in his diocesse and not to returne southwarde with∣out the kynges speciall licence in writyng.

So he made great great prouision to go northwarde and appareled his seruauntes newly & bought many costely thinges for his houshold & so he might wel inough,* 15.193 for he had of the kynges gētlenes the bishop∣prickes of yorke & Winchester, which wer no small thinges, but at this time diuers of his seruaūtes departed from him to the kynges seruice,

and in especiall Thomas Crumwel one of his chief counsayle and chefe doer for him in the suppressiō of abbeis. After that al thinges necessarie for his iornay wer prepard, he toke his iorney northward til he came to Southwel which is in his dioces & ther he cōtinued this yere, euer grud¦ging at his fall as you shall here after: but the lādes which he had geuē to his Colleges in Oxforde & Ypswych, were now come to the kynges handes, by his atteinder in the premunire, and yet the kyng of his gen∣tlenes and for fauour that he bare to good learnyng erected agayne the College in Oxford, and where it was named the Cardinalles College, he called it the kynges College, and endewed it with faire possessions, and put in newe statutes and ordinaunces, and for because the College of Ypswich was thought to be nothing proffitable, therefore he lefte that dissolued.

The last Somer while the peace was treated at Cambray as you haue hard before▪ Ferdinando brother to the Emperour, recouered cer∣tayne tounes which the Turkes had taken from hym in Hyngry, and put to flighte his ennemy Ihon the Uainoda, whiche falsly named him selfe kyng of Hungary. This Uainoda destitute of all succoure fled to Sultan Soliman the great Turke, desiryng hym of succor, to reco∣uer Hungry a gaiue. The Turke being glad to haue an occasion to dis∣troy Hungry, assembled a puissan••t army, and entred into Hungry, and made proclamacion that what toune or Citie woulde not obey kyng Ihon as ther kyng, should be put to fire and sworde. This proclamaci∣on so fearid the Hūgarians, that al in maner yelded thē self subiectes to the Uainoda, the citie of Bude onely except: whych at the last was yel∣den, by composicion that the•• shuld depart with bag and baggage, but for al there safe conduit signed withe the great Turkes hand, thei were firste robbed of the Ian••zeres, and after that shamfully slain,

When the Turke had thus Bude in possession, he left there the Uai∣noda,* 15.194 and Lewes great bastard sonne to the Duke of Uenice, with fiue thousand fotemen, and two thousand horsmen, and he with all haste en∣tered into Austrice, wher his people committed such crueltie and tiran∣ny, as neuer hath been hard nor written, for of some thei put out the eies of other thei cut of the noses and eares, of other thei cut of the priuy mē∣bers, of women thei cut of the pappes, and rauished Uirgins and of women great with child, thei cut ther bellies and brent the children: be∣side this as thei passed thei brent corne, trees, howses, and al that would be brent to make the contry desolate, and at the last the two and twentie day of Septembre, the turkes armie came nye to Uienne, a riche and a famous Citie in Austrice.

The fame was that he had two hundreth and fiftie thousande men in his armie, and fiue and twentie thousande tentes in the sighte of the citie.

At the beginnyng of the siege certein Christian men were taken of the Turkes, which turkes cut of the heddes of foure lepers in a lazer

cote, without the citie & put them vpon poles, & made christen prisoners presēt thē to the great turk, which therof toke great ioy: of y^• which pri¦soners he released certain and bad them go to the captaynes and to tell thē that if thei would yeld the citie of hym, thei should depart with bag and bagage, and if thei would kepe it by force, by woulde suerly haue it & put thē al to the sword. Now in the citie was captayn duke Phillip of Bauier, Earle Palantine of the Rine, and nephew to the Palsgraue elector, a young man, but of noble corage, and with him were twentie thousand Almaynes, and two thousand horsemē, which nothing feared the Turkes threatnynges. The Turke perceiuyng ther boldnes bent his grete ordinaunce, which were thre hundreth peces a gaynst the wal∣les, and commaundyd the towne to be assauted: the Turkes gaue a greate assaut, but the christen men valiantly defended them, so that the Turkes were compelled to fle, and many of them were slaine,.

The fourth day of Octobre, the Turke bent all his Ordinaunce a¦gainst the wal, which so shoke the wal that al men within supposed that the walles would haue fallen doune, but thei did litle harme, which was sone amendid. The sixt day of Octobre, eight thousand christen men is∣sued out of the toune, and came wher the Turkes miners wer working and slew a gret nombre & destroyed the mines. The same dai the Tur∣kes gaue a great assaute to the citie: the christyan men valiantly them defended, and threw downe great loggs and barres of Iron, and slew many Turkes. Thus the Turkes assauted the citie a leuen ti∣mes, & somany times they wer betē away, but the great & terrible assaut was the twelue day of Octobre, at which assaut the christyan men so va∣liantly defended them selfe and slewe and hurt so many of the Turkes, that after that day, for no commandement that the Turke could geue, they woulde nomore geue assaute.

The Turke perceiued well bothe the strength of the Citie and the corage of the capitaines with in, and also the winter there was muche more colder then in his contreys, which sore troubled hym and his peo∣ple, wherfore he called his counsail and concluded to breake vp his sie∣ge and to departe, & so the fouretene day of Octobre he shot greate sto∣nes into the citie all day till night•• and a boute tenne of the clok in the night he caused his tentes to be takē vp, and 〈◊〉〈◊〉 fire on the strawe, and such other stuffe, and so remoued al his armie, towarde Bude, sauing fiftie thousande horsemen whiche taried all the next day behynde, cari∣yng with hym a greate nombre of Christyan prisoners, whiche he put to the mines and suche other vile seruice.

At this siege the Turke loste by Murder,* 15.195 Sicknes, and cold, aboue fourescore thousande men, as one of his bassates did afterwarde con∣fesse.

Thus was the citie of Uienne defended a gaynst the greate Turke, and all his power whiche was to him a greate displeasure, and in espe∣cially because he n••uer beseg••d Citie before, but either it was yelden, or

taken, of the tyme of this siege a metrician made these verses.

Cesar in Italiam quo venit Carolus anno Cincta est ripheis nostra Vienna getis.

In this yere themperour gaue to the lord master of saynt Ihones of Ierusalem, and his bretherne the Iland of Malto liyng betwene Sci∣cile and Barbarie, there to employ them selfe vpon Christes ennemies which lorde master had no place suer to enhabite there sith he was put from the Rodes by this Turke that beseged Uienne, as you haue hard before.

The .xxii. yere

IN the begynnyng of this two and twentie yere, the kyng like a politike & a prudent prince, perceiued that his sub∣iectes and other persons had diuers times within foure yeres last past, brought into his realme, greate nombre of printed bokes, of the new Testament, translated into the English tongue by Tyndall, Ioy, and other, which bokes the common people vsed and dayly red priuely, which the clargie would not admit, for thei punnished suche persones as had red, studied or taught thesame with greate extremitie, but bycause the multitude was so greate, it was not in their power to redresse there grefe: wherfore they made complaint to the Chauncelor (which leaned much to the spirituall mennes part, in all causes) where vpon he imprisoned and punished a greate nomber, so that for this cause a great rumor and controuersie rose daily emongest the people: wherfore the kyng cōsideryng what good might come of rea∣dyng of the new Testament with reuerence and folowyng thesame, and what euell mighte come of the readyng of thesame if it were euil translated, and not folowed: came into the starre chambre the fiue and twentie day of May, and there commoned with his counsaile and the prelates cōcernyng this cause, and after long debatyng, it was alleged that the translacion of Tyndall and Ioy were not truely tran∣slated, and also that in them were prologues and prefaces which soun∣ded to heresie,* 15.196 and rayled against the bishopes vncharitably, wherefore all suhe bokes were prohibited and commaundemēt geuen by the kyng to the bishoppes, that thei callyng to them the best learned men of the v¦niuersities should cause a new translacion to be made, so that the people should not be ignoraunte in the law of god: And notwithstandyng this commaundement the bishopes did nothing at all to set furth a new trā∣slaciō, which caused the people to stody Tindalles translacion, by reasō where of many thinges cam to light, as you shall here after.

In this yere in Maye, the bishop of Londō caused al his newe Tes∣tamētes which he had bought with many other bokes, to be brought into Paules churcheyarde in London and there was openly burned,

In the ende of this yere, the wilde Irishmen knowyng the Earle of Ki••dare to be in England▪ entred his lande, and spoyled and brent his

coūtrey, and diuers other contreyes, and the Earle of Ossery beyng the kynges deputie made litle resistaunce, for lacke of power, wherfore the kyng sent the erle of Kyldare into Ireland, and with him sir Wyllyam Skeuyngton knight, Master of the kynges ordinaunce and diuers Gunners with him, whiche so pollitickly ordered them selfe that their enemyes were glad to offre amendes and to treate for turce, and so sir Wyllyam Skeuyngton the nexte yere returned into England leuyng there the Erle of Kyldare for the kynges deputie.

Now I wyll returne to y^• execucion of the treatie of Cambray in the whiche it was agreed that the Lady Elianor and the Frenche kynges children should be deliuered when the raunsome appointed was paied as you haue heard in the last yere: Wherfore y^e Frenche kyng gathered money of his subiectes w^t all spede, and when the money was ready he sent the great Master of Fraunce called Annas de Memorancye and 〈◊〉〈◊〉 other nobles to Bayon with the money, and to receiue the lady and the children. And thither came to them the great Constable of Ca∣stle and Mounsire Prat for the Emperor, and there the crounes were wayed and touched, and what fault soeuer the Spanyardes found in them thei would not receiue a great nomber of them, and so they caried the children backe frō Foūtraby into Spayne. Thus the great master of Fraunce and his company lay styll at Bayon without hauyng his purpose performed from Marche till the ende of Iune, and lenger had lyen i•• y^• kyng of England had not sent sir Fraunces Bryan to Bayon to warrant the payment: wherevpon the day of deliueraunce was ap∣pointed to be on sainct Peters day in Iune. At whiche day the great Master with xxxi. Mulettes laden with the crounes came to y^• one syde* 15.197 of the riuer of Auday whiche riuer departeth Spayne and Fraunce & there taried till the first day of Iuly: on whiche day the lady Elianor & the children were put in two great boates, hauyng onely xii. gentlemen of Spayne with them: and in like maner the great Master with two great boates in the which the money was and xii. gentlemen with him. All these boates met at a brydge made in the middes of the riuer: The Constable of Spayn and his xii. gentlemen met with the great Master of Fraunce and his xii. gentlemen on the bridge, and after a litle saluta∣cion the Frenchemen entered into the ii. boates where the Lady and the two children were, and the Spanyardes into the two boates where the money was, and then eche part hasted to land. Thus were the Frenche kynges wife and children deliuered into his handes, for whiche deliue∣raunce was great ioy & triumph made in Fraunce: & also in Iuly were fyers made in London & diuers other places for thesame consideracion and cause.

The Emperor as you haue heard the last yere, passed out of Italy in∣to Germany and was receiued with great honor and triumph into the citie of Ausborough or August, where in Iune were present all the elec∣tors

and almoste all the princes of the Empyre: there was kept a great counsail for the princes of Germany were of two seueral opinions and of seueral names, the part that fauored the pope and all thynges done by his aucthoritie were called Catholical, and the other part whiche fo∣lowed and preached onely the fospel of Christ were called euangclical. Of these and other thynges concernyng our fayth there wer many coū∣sailes: but Cardinal Campeius the Popes legate would not suffer the Euangelical persones (whom he called Lutherans) to argue against y^• Catholical men (whō y^• Euāgelical persons called papystes) lest by the openyng of the scripture the authoritie of y^e court of Rome should haue been bamned, and therfore the Emperor put of the matter till another tyme: But this matter was not so let slyppe, for of this mocion men so serched the law of God that within a few yeres after, many people refu∣sed the Pope for the head of the Churche and forsoke him and his par∣dons.

On the xix. day of September in the citie of Lōdon was made this Proclamacion.* 15.198

The kynges highnes straytly chargeth and cōmaun∣deth that no maner of person of what estate, degree or condicion soeuer he or they be of, do purchase or attempt to puchase frō y^• court of Rome or els where, nor vse & put in execucion, diuulge, or publishe any thyng heretofore within this yere passed purchased or to be purchased hereaf∣ter containyng matter preiudicial to the high aucthoritie, iurisdiccion and prerogatiue royal, of this his sayd realme, or to the let, hynderaūce or impechement of his graces noble and vertuous entended purposes in the premisses, vpon payne of incurryng his highnes indignacion & imprisonment & farther punishement of their bodies for their so doyng at his graces pleasure, to the dreadfull example of all other.

This Proclamacion was muche mused at and euery woorde of the same well noted. Some sayd that it was made because that the quene had purchased a new Bull for the ratificacion of her mariage, other sayd that it was made because the Cardinall had purchased a Bull to curse the kyng i•• he would not restore him to his old dignities, and that the king should suffer him to correct the spiritualtie and he not to med∣dle with the••ame. This inuencion sounded moste to the trueth as you shall heare afterward.

In October the riuer of Tyber was of such an heigth that in Rome and other places about Rome almoste xii.M. persons were drouned, & in the next moneth zeland, Holland and Brabant were sore noyed with waters and many people and muche cattel were drouned.

You haue heard in the last yere how the Cardinall of Yorke was at∣tainted in the premunire and that notwithstanding the king had geuen him the b••••••oprickes of yorke and Wynchester with great plentie of substaunce, and had licēsed him to lye in his dioces of Yorke. He beyng this in his dioces grudgyng at his fall & not remembryng the kynges

kyndnes shewed to him, wrote to the court of Rome and to diuers o∣ther princes letters in reproche of the kyng, and in as muche as in him lay, he stirred them to reuenge his cause against the kyng and his realme, insomuche that diuers opprobrious wordes of the kyng were spoken to doctor Edward Keerne the kynges Orator at Rome, and it was sayd to him that for the Cardinals sake, the kyng should haue the worse spede in the suite of his matrimony.* 15.199 The Cardinal also would speake fayre to the people to wynne their heartes and declared euer that he was vniustly and vntruely ordered, whiche fayre speakyng made many mē beleue that he sayd true: and to gētlemen he gaue great giftes to allure them vnto him: And to be had in the more reputacion among the people he determined to be installed or inthronised at yorke with al the pompe that might be, and caused a trone to be erected in the Cathedral church in suche an heigth and fashiō as was neuer seen, and sent to all the lordes, Abbo••tes, Priors, knightes esquiers and gentle∣men of his dioces, to be at his Manor of Cawod the vi. day of No∣uember and so to bryng him to yorke with all maner of pompe and solempnitie.

The kyng whiche knewe his doynges and priuye conueyaunce, all this yere dissembled the matter to see what he would do at length, till that he saw his proude heart so high exalted that he would be so trium∣phantly installed without makyng the kyng priuye, yea and in maner in disdayne of the kyng, thought it not mete nor conuenient to suffer him any lenger to continue in his malicious and proude purposes and attemptes: wherfore he directed his letters to Henry the vi. erle of Nor¦thumberland, willyng him with al diligence to arrest the Cardinal and to deliuer him to therle of Shrewsbury great stewarde if the kynges housholde: When the erle had seen the letter, he with a cōuenient nom∣ber came to the Manor of Cawod the iiii. day of Nouember, and when he was brought to the Cardinal in his chamber, he sayd to him, my lord I pray you take pacience,* 15.200 for here I arrest you. Arrest me sayd y^e Car∣dinal, yea sayd the erle I haue a commaundement so to do: you haue no suche power sayd the Cardinal, for I am both a Cardinal and a Legate de Latere and a pere of the College of Rome & oughtnot to be arrested by any temporal power, for I am not subiect to that power, wherfore if you arrest me I will withstand it: well sayd the erle, here is the kynges Commission (whiche he shewed him) and therfore I charge you to obey, the Cardianl somewhat remembred himselfe and sayd, well my lorde, I am content to obey, but although that I by negligence fell into the pu∣nishement of the Premunire and lost by the lawe all my landes and goodes, yet my person was in the kynges proteccion and I was pardo∣ned that offence, wherfore I meruail why I nowe should be arrested & specially consideryng that I am a mamber of the sea Apostolike on whō no temporal man ought to lay violent handes, wel I see the kyng

lacketh good counsail: well sayd the erle when I was sworne Warden of the Marches, you your self tolde me that I might with my staffe ar∣rest all men vnder the degree of a kyng▪ and nowe I am more stronger for I haue a cōmission so to do whiche you haue seen. The Cardinal at length obeyed and was kept in his priuie chamber and his goodes sea∣zed and his officers discharged, and his Phisician called doctor Augu∣styne was lykewise arrested and brought to the Tower by sir Walter Welshe one of the kynges chamber. The vi. day of Nouember he was cōueyed from Cawod to Sheffelde castle and there deliuered to therle of Shrewsburies kepyng till the kynges pleasure were knowen: Of this attachement was muche commonyng amongest the common peo∣ple, wherfore many were glad, for surely he was not in the fauor of the cominaltie.

When the Cardinall was thus arrested the kyng sent sir Wyllyam Kyngston knight capitaine of the Garde and Constable of the Tower of London with certain of the yomen of the Gard to Sheffeld to fetche the Cardinal to the Tower. When the Cardinal sawe the capitaini of the garde, he was sore astonnyed and shortly became sicke, for then he perceiued some great trouble towarde him, and for that cause men sayd that he willyngly toke so muche quātitie of strong purgacion that his nature was not able to beare it: but sir Wylliam Kyngston comforted him, and by easy iornayes he brought him to the Abbay of Lecester the xxvii. day of Nouember,* 15.201 where for very feblenes of nature caused by purgacions and vomites he dyed the second night folowyng, and in the same abbay lyeth buryed. This Cardinal as you may perceiue in this story was of a great stomacke, for he compted himselfe egall with princes, and by craftie suggestion gatte into his handes innumerable treasure:* 15.202 He forced litle on symony & was not pityful and stode affecci∣onate in his owne opinion: In open presence he would lye and say vn∣truth and was double both in speche and meanyng: He would promise muche and performe lytle: He was vicious of his body and gaue the clergie euil example: He hated sore the citie of London and feared it: It was told him that he should dye in the way toward London▪ wherfore he feared lest the cōmons of the citie would arise in riotous maner and so sley him, yet for all that he dyed in the waye towarde London. The authoritie of this Cardinal set the clergie in suche a pryde that thei dis∣dained all men, wherfore when he was fallen they folowed after as you shall heare. To write the life and doynges of this Cardinal, it were a great worke, but whatsoeuer he did God forgeue his soule his bodyes misdedes.

After the Cardinal was dead, the kyng remoued frō Hampton court to Grenewiche where he with quene Katherine kept a solempne Christ∣mas, and on the twelfe night he satte in the halle in his estate, where as were diuers Enterludes, riche Maskes and disportes, and after that

a great banket. And after Christmas he came to his Manor of West∣minster, whiche before was called yorke place, for after that the Cardi∣nal was attainted in the Premunire & was gone Northward, he made a feoffement of thesame place to the kyng, and the chapiter of the Ca∣thedral churche of Yorke by their writyng cōfirmed thesame feoffement and then then kyng chaūged the name and called it the kynges Manor of Westminster and nomore Yorke place.

The whole clergie of England euer supported and maintayned the power legantyne of the Cardinal, wherfore the kynges counsail lear∣ned sayed plainly that they all were in the Premunire, the spiritual lor∣des were called by proces into the kynges Benche to answere, but be∣fore their day of apperaunce they in their Conuocacion concluded an humble submission in writyng and offered the kyng a C. M. pound to be their good lorde, and also to geue them a pardon of all offences tou∣chyng the Premunire by act of Parliament, y^e whiche offer with muche labor was accepted, and their pardon promised. In this submission the Clergie called the kyng supreme head of y^e churche of England,* 15.203 whiche thyng they neuer confessed before, wherevpon many thinges folowed after as you shall heare.

When the Parliament was begōne the vi. day of Ianuary, the par∣don of the spiritual persones was signed with the kynges hande & sent to the lordes, whiche in tyme conuenient assented tot he bill and sent it to the cōmons in the lower house, and when it was red, diuers froward persones would in no wyse assent to it except all menne were pardoned, saiyng that all men whiche had any thyng to do with the Cardinal wer in the same case: the wyser sort answered that they would not compell the kyng to geue them his pardon, and beside that it was vncharitably done of them to hurt the Clergie and do themselfes no good, wherfore they aduised them to consent to the bill and after to sue to the kyng for their pardon, whiche counsail was not folowed, but they determined first to sende the Speaker to the kyng or they would assent to the bill, whervpon Thomas Audely spekar for the commons with a cōuenient nomber of the common house came to the kynges presēce and there elo∣quently declared to the kyng how the commons sore lamented and be∣wayled their chaunce to thynke or imagyne them selfes to be out of his gracious fauor, because that he had graciously geuen his pardon of the Premunire to his spiritual subiectes and not to them, wherefore they moste humbly besought his grace of his accustomed goodnes and cle∣mency to include them in thesame pardon.

The kyng wisely answered that he was their prince and soueraigne lorde & that they ought not to restraine him of his libertie, nor to cōpel him to shewe his mercy, for it was at his pleasure to vse the extremitie of his lawes, or mitigate and pardon thesame, wherfore, sith thei denied to assent to the pardon of the spiritual persones, whiche pardon he sayd

he might geue without their assent by his great seale, he would be well aduised or he pardoned them, because he would not be noted to be com∣pelled to do it: with this answere the speaker and the commons depar∣ted very sorowful and pensiue and some light persones sayd that Tho∣mas Crumwell whiche was newly come to the fauor or the kyng had disclosed the secretes of the commons, whiche thing caused the kyng to be so extreme.

The kyng like a good prince considered how sorowfull his cōmons were of the answere that he made them, and thought that they were not quiet, wherfore of his owne mocion he caused a pardon of the Premu∣nire to be drawen, and signed it with his hand and sent it to the comon house by Christopher Hales his atturnay, whiche bill was sone assen∣ted to. Then the commons louyngly thāked the kyng and muche prai∣sed his witte that he had denyed it to them when they vnworthely de∣maunded it, and had bountyfully graunted it when he perceiued that they sorowed and lamented.

While the Parliamene sat, of the xxx. day of Marche at after noone there came into the common house the lorde Chauncelor and diuers lordes of the spiritualtie and temporaltie to the nomber of xii. and there the lorde Chauncelor sayd, you of this worshipfull house I am sure be not so ignorant but you know well that the kyng our soueraigne lorde hath maried his brothers wife, for she was both wedded & bedded with his brother prince Arthur, and therfore you may surely say that he hath maried his brothers wyfe, if this mariage be good or no many clerkes do doubt. Wherfore the kyng like a vertuous prince willyng to be sa∣tisfied in his conscience and also for the suretie of his realme hath with great deliberacion consulted with great clerkes, and hath sent my lord of London here present to the chiefe vniuersities of all Chirstendome to knowe their opinion and iudgement in that behalfe, And although that the vniuersities of Cambryge and Oxforde had been sufficient to discusse y^• cause, yet because they be in his realme and to auoyde all sus∣picion of parcialitie he hath sent into the realme of Fraunce, Italy the Popes dominions, and Uenicians to knowe their iudgement in that bahalfe, whiche haue cōcluded, written and sealed their determinacions accordyng as you shall heare red. Then sir Bryan Tuke toke out of a boxe xii. writynges sealed, & red them worde by worde as after ensueth translated out of Latin into the Englishe tongue.

The determinacion of the vniuersitie of Orliaunce.

Not long syns there were put forth to vs the College of doctors, re∣gentes of the vniuersitie of Orliaunce,* 15.204 these two questions that folow. The fyrst, whether it be lawfull by the lawe of God for the brother to take to wyfe that woman whom his brother hath left? The second if this be forbidden by the lawe of God, whether this prohibicion of the

lawe of God may be remitted by the Pope his dispensacion? We the foresayd College of doctors regentes accordyng to our custome and v∣sage came many tymes together and did sit diuers tymes vpon the dis∣cussyng of these foresayd doubtes and questions and did examyne and way as muche as we might diuers & many places both of the old testa∣ment and newe, and also the interpreters and declarers both of the law of God and the Canon lawe. After we had wayed and considered all thynges exactly and with good leysure and deliberaciō, we haue deter∣mined and cōcluded that these foresayd mariages cannot be attempted nor enterprised except a man do wrong and plaine contrary to the lawe of God: yea and that although it be done by pardon and sufferaunce of the Pope. And in witnes of this cōclusion and determinacion we haue caused this present publike writyng to be signed by our Scribe of our sayd vniuersitie, and to be strengthed and fortified with the seale of the ••ame: Enacted in the chapel of our lady the Annunciacion, or the good ••idynges that she had of Christes commyng in Orleaunce, the yere of our Lorde M.D.xxix. the .v. day of April.

The determinacion of the facultie of Decrees of the vniuersitie of Parys.

In the name of the Lord so be it.* 15.205 There was put forth before vs the Deane and College of the right counsailful facultie of Decrees of the vniuersitie of Parys this question. Whither that the Pope might dis∣pence, that the brother might mary the wyfe that his brother hath left, if mariage betwene his brother now dead and his wyfe were once con∣summate? we the Deane and College of the sayd facultie after many disputacions and reasons made of bothe sydes vpon this matter and after great and long turnyng and serchyug of bokes, bothe of the lawe of God and the Popes lawe and of the lawe Ciuil, we counsail and say that the Pope hath no power to dispence in this foresayd case: In wit∣nes wherof we haue caused this present writyng to be strengthed with the seale of our facultie and with the signe of our Scribe or chiefe Be∣dle. Yeuen in the congregacion or assemble at saint Ihon Laterenense in Parys the second day of May M.D.xxx.

The determinacion of Ciuilians and Canonistes of the vniuersitie of Angevv.

Not long tyme syns there wer purposed vnto vs y^• Rector & doctors Regentes in lawe Canon & Ciuile of the vniuersitie of Angew* 15.206 these ii. questions here folowyng, that is to we••e, whether it is vnlefull by the lawe of God and the lawe of nature for a man to mary the wyfe of his brother that is departed without children so that the mariage was consummate? And againe whether it is lawfull for the Pope to dis∣pence with suche mariage? We the aforesayd Rector and doctors haue

accordyng to our custome and vsage many tymes communed together and sytten to dispute these questions, and to fynde out the certaintie of them. And after that we had discussed and examined many & diuers places aswell of the lawe of God as of the law of man, whiche semed to pertaine to the same purpose, and after that we had brought for bothe parties and examined them. All thinges faythfully and after good cō∣science considered and vpon sufficient deliberacion and auisement ta∣ken, we defyne and determyne that neither by the lawe of God nor of nature it is permitted for any christen man, no not euen with the autho∣ritie of the sea Apostolike, or with any dispensacion graunted by the Pope to mary the wyfe that his brother hath left, although his bro∣ther be departed without children, after that the mariage is once fini∣shed and consummate. And for witnes of these aforesayd thynges, we haue cōmaunded our Scribe of our sayd vniuersitie to signe this pre∣sent publike in••••rument, & it to be fortified with the great seale of our vniuersitie, Ena••ted in the churche of saint Peter in Angew, the yere of our Lorde M.D.xxx, the vii. day of May.

The determinacion of the facultie of diuinitie in the vniuersitie of Paris.

The Deane and the facultie of the holy diuinitie of the vniuersitie of Parys,* 15.207 to all them to whom this present writyng shal come wysheth sa••etie in our sauior Iesu Christ whiche is the very true safetie: Where of late there is risen a great controuersie of great difficultie vpon the mariage betwene the moste noble Henry the viii. kyng of England de∣fendor of the fayth and lorde of Ireland. &c. and the noble lady Kathe∣rine quene of England, doughter to the Catholike kyng Ferdinand, whiche mariage was not onely contract betwene her and her former husband, but also consummate and finished by carnall intermedelyng. This question also was purposed to vs to discusse and examine accor∣dyng to iustice and trueth, that is to say, whether to mary her that our brother dead without children hath left beyng so prohibited by the law of God and nature, that it can not be made lefull by the Popes dispen∣sacion, that any Christen manne should mary the wyfe that his brother hath left? We the foresayd Deane and facultie callyng to our remem∣braunce how vertuous and how holy a thing and how agreable to our profession, vnto our dutie of loue and charitie, it is for vs to shewe the waye of iustice and right, of vertue and honestie to them whiche de∣sire to leade and passe ouer their life in the law of our Lord with sure & quiet conscience: could not but be ready to satisfie so honest and iust re¦questes: whervpon after our old wont, we came together vpō our othe in the churche of S. Maturyne, & there for thesame cause had a solēpne Masse with deuout prayer to the holy ghost. And also we toke an othe euery mā to deliuer and to study vpon the foresayd question, as should

be to the pleasure of God and accordyng to cōscience: And after diuers and many Sessions or sittynges, whiche we had and continued in the churche of saint Maturyn, and also in the college called Sarbo••e frō the viii. day of Iune to the second day of Iuly. When we had searched and examined through and through with as muche diligence as we could and with suche reuerence and religion or conscience as becom∣meth in suche a matter, bothe the bookes of holy scripture, and also the moste approued interpreters of the same: Finally the generall and sy∣nodal coūsailes, decrees and constitucions of the sacre & holy Churche, whiche by long custome hath been receiued and approbate, we the fore∣sayd Deane and facultie disputyng vpon the foresayd question and makyng answere to the same, and that after the iudgement and full cō∣sent of the moste part of the sayd facultie haue concluded and determi∣ned that the foresayd mariage with the brothers wife departyng with∣out children be so forbidden both by the law of God and of nature that the pope hath no power to dispence w^t suche mariages whether they be contract or to be contract. And for credence, beleue, and witnes of this our Assercion and determinacion, we haue caused the s••ale of our fa∣cultie with our Notaries signe to be put vnto this present writyng. Dated in our generall congregacion that we kepe by an othe at saint Maturynes, the yere of our Lorde M.D.xxx. the second day of Iuly.

The determinacion of the vniuersitie of Burges in Berry or Biturs.

We the Deane and facultie of diuinitie in the Uniuersitie of Bur∣ges,* 15.208 because we will accordyng to the example of S. Paule doctor of y^e Gētiles whiche doeth likewise, will begyn our writyng with praier vn¦to all the beloued of God, among whom you moste dere readers vnto whom we write be called, grace, peace and quietnes of conscience come to you from God the father and from our Lorde Iesu Christ: while we were gathered together all into one place (in the octaues of Whitson∣tide) both in body and mynde, and were sittyng in the house of the sayd deane, there was a question put to vs againe, whiche had been purpo∣sed to vs often tymes before, beyng no smal question, whiche was this: Whither the brother takyng the wife of his brother now dead, and the mariage once consummate and perfite doeth a thyng vnlawfull or no? At the last when we had sought for the trueth of the thing and had per∣ceiued and founde it our by muche labor and studye of euery one of vs by himselfe, and by muche and often turnyng of holy bookes, euery one of vs not corrupt, wherby we might the lesse obey the trueth, began as the holy gost did put in his minde to geue euery man one arbitrement & sentence which was this. I haue well perceiued in very truth w^tout re∣gard or respect of any person that those persones whiche be rehersed in y^• xviii.cha. of y^e Leuiti••al law, be forbidden by y^e very law of nature to cō

matrimony together and that this lawe can in no wyse be released by any authoritie of any manne by the whiche there is made an abhomi∣nable discouering of his brothers foulnes. And this is the signe of our commen Bedyll or Notarie and the seale of our foresayd facultie put vnto this present writyng the x. day of Iune, in the yere of our Lorde M.D.xxx. And because the foote of our writyng shall be of one forme and fashion w^t the head, as we began with praier, so let vs ende after the example of S. Paule that we spake of before, and say, the grace and fauor of our Lorde Iesu Christ, the charitie and loue of God and the communicacion of the holy ghost be with you all. Amen.

The determinacion of the diuines in the popes vniuersitie of Bonony.

God best and mightiest taught fyrst the olde lawe & testament with his owne mouth,* 15.209 to forme and fashion accordyng to loue and charitie, the maners and life of men. And secondarely the same God did take af∣terwardes manhod vpon him for to be the redemer of man and so made the new lawe or newe Testament not onely to forme and fashion accor∣dyng to loue and charitie the life and maners of men, but also to take away and to declare doubtes the whiche did arise in many cases, which when they be once clerely determined shall helpe greatly to perfite ver∣tue and goodnes, that is to say, to perfite loue and charitie. Wherfore we thought it euermore, that it should be our part to folowe these moste holy doctrines and lawes of our father of heauen, and that we lightned by the light of God aboue and of the holy ghost should geue our sen∣tence and iudgement in high and doubtfull matters after that we haue once leyserly and sufficiently taken aduisement vpon the cause, & haue clerely serched out and opened the thing by many reasons & writynges of holy fathers aswell for the one part as for the other, doyng nothyng as nere as we can rashly or without deliberacion. Therfore where cer∣taine great and noble men did instantly desire vs that we would with al diligence possible loke for this case that after ensueth, and afterwar∣des to geue our iudgement vpon thesame, accordyng to moste equitie, right, and conscience, stickyng ouely to the trueth: All the doctors of diuinitie of this Uniuersitie, when we had euery one by himselfe exa∣mined the matter at home in our houses, came all together into one place and there treated vpon it many dayes with asmuche connyng & learnyng as we could, we anon loked on the case together, we exami∣ned it together, we compared all thyng together, we handelyng euery thing by it selfe, did trye them euen as you would say by lyne and rule, we brought forth all maner of reasons, whiche we thought could be brought for the contrary part, and afterward solued them yea euen the reasons of the moste reuerend father Cardinall Cai••taine, yea & more∣ouer the Deu••eronomi dispensacion of stirryng vp the brothers sede, & shortly all other maner of reasons & opinions of y^e cōtrary part, as ma∣ny

as semed to belong to this purpose, and this question that was asked of vs was this: Whether it was forbydden onely by the ordinaunce of the churche or els by the law of God, that a manne might not mary the wyfe left of his brother departed without children? and if it were com∣maunded by both the lawes not to be done, whether the Pope may dis∣pence with any man to make suche mariage? the whiche question nowe that we haue examined it bothe by our selfe secretely and also openly & diligently and exactly as we could possible, and discussed it after y^e best maner that our wittes would serue: we determyne, geue iudgement and say, and as stifly as we can we witnes and without any doubt do sted∣fastly hold that this mariage should be horrible, accursed & to be cryed out vpon and vtterly abhominable not onely for a christen mā but for an infidele, vnfaythfull or heathen, And that it is prohibite vnder gre∣uous paynes and punishementes by the lawe of God, of nature and of man, & that the Pope, though that he almoste may do all thinges, vnto whom Christ did geue the keyes of the kyngdome of heauen, hath no power to geue a dispensacion to any man for to contract suche a mari∣age for any maner of cause, consideracion or suggestion: And all we be ••eady at all tymes and in all places to defende and maintaine the truth of this our conclusion. In witnes wherof we haue made this present writyng, and haue fortefied thesame bothe with the seale of our vniuer∣s••tie and also with the seale of our College of doctors of diuinitie and haue subscribed and signed it with our general & accustomed subscrip∣cion in the Cathedral churche of Bonony the x. day of Iune, the yere of our Lord .M.D.xxx.

The determinacion of the facultie of diuinitie in the vni∣uersitie of Padua in Italy.

They that haue written for the maintenaunce of the catholike fayth, affirme that God best and mightiest did geue the preceptes & cōmaun∣dementes of the olde lawe with his owne mouthe, to be an exampler for vs, wherein we might see how we should order our life and maners, and this God had done before he became manne: and after that he had put vpon him our manhod and was become redemer or byer of mankynde, He made the newe lawe or testament, and of his mere libe∣ralitie did geue it vs, not onely for the cause aforesayd, but also to take away & declare all maner of doubtes and questions that might arise, the whiche once opened & declared what their very true meanyng is, to thentent that therby we might be made perfitely good which be greatly fruitful to vs & holesome: and seyng that this was the mind of God in making these lawes, it hath been our entent & euermore shalbe, as it be∣cōmeth christen men to folow these moste solēpne ordinaūces of y^e most high workemaster God, & the help of his light, y^• is aboue the capacitie of nature, to vtter our iudgement in all maner of doubtes & harde que∣stions.

After we had once considered the thing after the best maner, and had by sufficient leysure made it clere by many euident reasons of both parties, and by many aucthorities of the fathers of the Churche, deter∣minyng nothyng as nere as wer can, rashely or without conuenient de∣liberacion. Seyng therfore that certain great Orators or ambassadors did humbly require and pray vs that we would vouchesafe and serche out with al the diligence that we could this case folowyng & afterwar∣des to geue our sentence vpon the same, plainly & simply lokyng onely on the trueth. After the Doctors of diuinitie of this Uniuersitie came together, and after that we had euery man examined the thing particu∣lerly in our owne houses and haue beaten it with all learnyng and con∣nyng that we were able: Anon when we wer together, we considered, ex∣amined and wayed all thinges by them selfes, and brought in al maner of reasons, whiche we thought might by any meanes be made to the cō∣trary, and without all colour or cloke did wholy & clerely dissolue them and take them away. And amongest al, the dispensacion by the lawe of Deut••ronomi of styrryng vp the brothers sede, and al maner other rea∣sons a••d determinacions to the contrarye, that semed to vs to pertaine any thyng to that purpose we vtterly confuted & dispatched them. And the question that is put to vs is this: Whether to mary the wife of our brother departed without children is forbidden onely by y^• lawe of the Churche or by y^e lawe of God also: and if it be forbidden by both these lawes, whither the Pope may dispence w^t any mā for suche matrimony or no? whiche question now that we haue discussed it, & as farre as we could, haue made it clere, both priuately euery man by him selfe, & after al togethers opēly, we say, iudge, decree, witnes & for a trueth affirme y^• suche mariage is no mariage, yea and that it is abhorred and cursed of euery christen man, and to be abhominate as a greuous sinne. And that it is as clearely as can be forbidden vnder moste cruel penalties by the lawes of nature, of God and of man: And that the Pope, vnto whom y^• keyes of the kyngdome of heauen be committed by Christ the sonne of God, hath no power to dispence by the right and law for any cause, sug∣gestion or excuse, that any suche matrimonye should be contract. For those thinges whiche be forbidden by the law of God be not vnderneth his power but aboue it, nor he is not the Uicar of God as concernyng those thinges, but onely in suche thynges as God hath not determined himselfe in his lawe, but hath lefte them to the determinacion and ordi∣naunce of man. And to mayntaine the trueth of this our sentence and conclusion, and for moste certaine and vndoubted defence of thesame, we al of one mynde and accorde shal at tall tymes and in euery place be redy. In witnes wherof we haue made this writyng & haue authorised it with the accustomed seale of our Uniuersitie and also of our College of diuines, Dated at Padway in the Churche of the Hermites of saint Austen the fyrst day of Iuly, in the yere of our Lord M.D.xxx.

The Determinacion of the Vniuersitie of Tholose.

There was treated in our vniuersitie of Tholose a very harde que∣stion: Whether it be lefull for the brother to marye her which had ben wyfe to his brother now departed, and that without chyldren? There was besyde this another thyng that troubled vs very sore: Whether, if the pope which hath the cure of Christes flocke would by his dispen∣sacion (as men call it) suffre this, that then at the least wyse it might be lawfull? The Rector of the Uniuersitie called to counsell all the do∣ctors regētes that were that tyme at Tholose for to shew their myndes on this question, & that not once, but twyse: For he iudged that coun∣sell geuyng ought not to be hasted nor doone vpon head, & that we had neede of tyme and space to doo anye thynge conueniently & as it ought to bee. At the last there came togither into one place all the best learned and connyngest doctors, both of holye diuinitie, and also doctors that were best learned in bothe lawes, yea, and finally as many as had any experiēce in any matter & were able to do any thing either by iudgemēt & discresion, or by eloquence or their excellent wyttes. And there dyd swere that they woulde obey the sacre & holy counsels, & woulde follow the Decrees of the Fathers, which no man that hath any good consci∣ence wyll violate or breake. And so euery man sayde his mynde, and the matter was debated and reasoned diffusely & at large for bothe partes. In conclusion, we fel so fast to this poynte, that this was the sentence & determinacion that oure Uniuersitie, with one voyce of all, dyd deter∣mine and conclude with most pure and cleare conscience and defiled with no maner of leuen or corrupcion: That it is lawful for no man, neither by the law of God, nor by the law of nature, to take her to wyfe that his brother hath lefte: And seeyng that it may not be doone by the law of God nor of nature, we answered all: That the Pope can lose no man frō that lawe nor dispence with him. And as for that thing can not be contrary to our sentence & verdyct: that the brother in olde tyme was compelled by the law of Deuteronomy to mary the brothes wyfe departed without issue: For this law was but a shadow and a fygure of thinges to come, which vanyshed away assone as euer the lyght and trueth of the Gospell appeared: And bicause these thynges be thus, we haue geuen our sentence after this forme aboue, and haue cōmaun∣ded the same to be sygned by our Notary which is our secretory, and to be fortified and aucthorised by the puttyng to of our autenticall Seale of our Uniuersitie aforesayde, at Tholose the Calendes or fyrst day of Octobre, the yere of our Lorde a thousande .v.C.xxx.

After these Determinacions were read, there were shewed aboue an hundreth bookes drawen by Doctors of straunge Regions, which all agreed the Kynges Mariage to be vnlefull, whiche were not read, for the day was spent. Then the Chauncellor sayd: Now you of this com∣men house may reporte in your countreys what you haue seene & heard and then al men shall openly perceyue that the Kyng hath not attemp∣ted

this matter of wyll or pleasure, as some straūgers reporte, but only for the discharge of his cōscience & suretie of the successiō of his realme: This is the cause of our repayre hyther to you, & now we wyl departe.

When these Determinacions were publysshed, all wyse men in the Realme moche abhorred that mariage: but women, & such as wer more wylfull then wyse or learned, spake agaynst the Determinacion, & sayd that the Uniuersities were corrupte & entysed so to doo, which is not to be thought. The Kyng him selfe sore lamented his chaunce & made no maner o•• myrth nor pastyme as he was wont to do, & dyned & resorted to the quene as he was accustomed, & minished nothyng of her estate, and moch loued & cheryshed their doughter the Lady Mary: but in no wyse he woulde not come to her bed. When Ester began to draw nere, the Parliament for that tyme ended, and was proroged till the last day of Marche, in the nexte yere.

In the Parliament aforesayde was an Acte made,* 15.210 that whosoeuer dyd poyson any persone, shoulde be boyled in hote water to the death: whiche Acte was made bicause one Richard Roose, in the Parliament tyme had poysoned dyuers persons at the Bisshop of Rochesters place, whiche Richard, according to the same Acte, was boyled in Smythfelde the Teneber wednis••ay followyng, to the terrible example of all other.

This wynter season, on the .xxvi. day of Ianyuer, in the citie of Lux∣borne in Portingale, was a wonderous Earthquake,* 15.211 which destroied many houses and towers, and slew many people by fallynge downe of the same, the Kynges Palace shoke so, that he and the Quene, and the Ladyes fled out of their Palace, without any seruauntes, and sought succour where they myght get it, & sodeinly the quakyng seassed: Then the Rockes opened, and out sprange the water, that the shippes in the hauen were lyke to haue peryshed: Then the earth quaked agayne, and dyd more harme then before, and at nyght it ceassed: of whiche Earth∣quake, many men were murthered and distroyed.

When the vniuersitie aforesayd, & a great nombre of clerkes & well learned men had determined the Kynges mariage to be vnlawfull, de∣testable, & agaynst Gods lawe, as you haue heard, the Kyng willyng the Quene to haue knowledge of the same, sent to her dyuers Lordes of the coūcel the last dai of Maie beyng the wednisday in Whitson weke: the whiche Lordes,* 15.212 in her chaumbre at Grenewyche, declared to her all the Determinacion as you haue hearde, & asked her whether she would for the quyetnesse of the Kynges conscience, put the matter to .iiii. Pre∣lates, & .iiii. temporall Lordes of this Realme, or abyde by her appele. The Quene answered: The Kyng my father which concluded my ma∣riage, I am sure, was not so ignoraunt but he asked conncell of clerkes & well learned men before he maryed me the second tyme: for if he had had any doubte in my maryage, he woulde not haue disbursed so great a treasure as he dyd, & then all Doctors in maner agreed my maryage to be good, insomoche that the Pope hym selfe, which knew best what

was to be dooen, dyd both dispence and ratified my seconde mariage, agaynst whose doynge I meruayle that any persone wyll speake or wryte: And as to the Determinacion of the vniuersitie, I am a womā and lacke wytte and learnyng to aunswere to them, but to God I com∣mit the iudgemēt of that, whether thei haue done iustly or percially: for this I am sure, that neither the Kynges father, nor my father woulde haue condiscended to our Mariage if it had ben declared to be vnlaw∣full: and where you say that I shoulde put the cause to .viii. persones of this Realme for quyetnes of the Kynges conscience, I praye God sende his grace a quyet conscience, and this shalbe your answere: That I say I am his lawfull wyfe, and to hym lawfully maryed, and by the ordre of holye Churche I was to hym espowsed as his trew wyfe, al∣though I was not so worthy, and in that poynte I wyll abyde tyll the cowrte of Rome which was preuy to the begynnyng haue made therof a determinacion and finall endyng. With this answere the Lordes de∣parted to the Kyng, whiche was sorye to heare of her wylfull opinion, and in especiall that she more trusted in the Popes law then in keping the Preceptes of God.

The Kyng lyke a politicke Prince, perceyued that the Merchaunt straungers, and in especiall, Italians, Spanyardes & Portyngales daily brought Oade, Oyle, Sylke, Clothes of Golde, Ueluet, & other Merchaūdyse into this Realme, and therfore receyued ready money, which money they euer deliuered to other merchauntes by exchaunge, & neuer employed the same money on the cōmodities of this Realme, so that therby the Kyng was hyndered in his Custome outwarde, and also the commodities of his Realme were not vttered, to the greate hynderaunce of his subiectes: wherefore he caused a Proclamacion to bee made in Mydsomer Tearme,* 15.213 accordynge to an olde Estatute made in the tyme of Kyng Rycharde the seconde: That no persone should make any exchaunge contrary to the trew meanyng of the same Acte and Estatute, vpon payne to be taken the kynges mortall enemy, and to forfayte all that he myght forfayte. After this Proclamacion, many clothes and other commodities of this Realme were well solde, but shortly after Merchauntes fell to exchaunge agayne, and the Pro∣clamacion was shortly forgotten.

The Kyng after Whytsontyde and the Quene remoued to Wynd∣sore, and there continued tyll the .xiiii. daye of Iulye, on whiche daye the Kyng remoued to Woodstocke and lefte her at Wyndsore, where she laye a whyle, and after remoued to the Moore, and afterwarde to Estamstede: and after this day, the Kyng and she neuer saw together. Wherfore the Commen people dailye murmured and spake their fo∣lysh fantasies. But the affayres of Princes be not ordered by the com∣men people, nor it were not conuenient that all thynges were opened to theim.

After this, the Kyng sent certayne Lordes to the Queene to Estam∣stede

to aduyse her to be confirmable to the lawe of God, and to shewe vnto her, that all the Uniuersities had clearely determined, that the Pope coulde in no wyse dispence with her Mariage, and therefore the Dispensacion to which she most trusted of all, was clearely voyde and of none effecte. These, with manye mo causes and aduysementes were declared to her, whiche nothynge moued her at all, but styll she sayde: Truly I am the Kynges trew wyfe, and to hym maryed: and if all Do∣ctors were dead, or law, or learnyng so farre out of mannes mynde at that tyme of our maryage, yet I can not thinke that the courte of Rome and the whole Churche of Englande woulde consent to a thing vnlaw∣full and detestable (as you call it) but styll I say I am his wyfe, and for him wyl I pray. With this answer the Lordes departed, and came to the Kyng and made reporte as you haue hearde.

This mariage was not alonly talked of in England▪ but in Fraunce Spayne▪ Italy, yea, thorough all Christendome in maner, and espe∣cially in themperourrs Courte, insomoche as a great Marques of Spayne sayde to syr Nicholas Heruy knyght beyng the Kynges Am∣bassader in themperours Cowrte at Gaunte: My Lorde Ambassador of Englande, I meruayle not a lytell why the Kyng your Master da∣lyeth so with themperours Aunte, she is dissended I assure you of a no∣ble bloode and hye Parentage, themperours Maiestie may not nor wyl not suffre so••he iniurye to be doone to his bloode and lynage, that she shoulde whole .xxii. yeres and more serue him as his wyfe and bedfelow and now to reiecte her, what Princely maner is that▪ therein is neither loue nor loyaltie? For if a poore verlet had so long serued a Prince, what herte coulde haue then reiected hym or put hym from hym? it can not be sayd that your Kyng is well councelled: the matter is moch mer∣uayled at amongest Christen Princes & thynke her not to be honestly handeled nor honorably: And if it be so that she be not hys wyfe (bi∣cause she was once his brothers wyfe) as your Doctors say & affirme, then no man can excuse your Kyng nor saye bnt that she hath ben euyll handeled, and kepte lyke a Concubine or Paramour for the bodely ap∣petite, which is a great spotte, shame, & rebuke to her and to her whole lynage, which spot no wayes can be sponged out nor recompenced, for shame in a kynred can by no treasure be redemed: If he Kyng your Maister remembre well this matter, he shall fynde that it transcendeth farre aboue the losse of erthly possessyons, I woulde he woulde be bet∣ter aduysed.

The Englysh Ambassador answered:* 15.214 My Lorde, my cōmission ex∣tēdeth not to answer this matter, but to enforme you of the truth, I wyl somewhat say besyde my commission: Fyrst I say to you, that the kyng my maister neuer ment in this matter but honorably, truly, and vertu∣ously bothe for the pleasure of God and the profyte and surety of his Realme, nor neuer was nor shall be anye Prince that euer was better contented and pleased with a woman then he hath ben with her, nor ne∣uer

Prince more loued, cherished, nor honoured a woman, then the king my Maister hath dooen her, & woulde with herte, mynde, and wyll her styll keepe as his wyfe, if Goddes lawe woulde suffre it: My Lorde, if you remembre well all thyng, you shall fynde that this doubt was fyrst moued in the Councell of Spayne, when the Emperour and the Kyng of Englande were agreed, that themperoure shoulde marye the Ladye Marye the Kynges Doughter: Upon that communicacion this doubte was put to themperours Councell, whether she were the Kynges lawfull Doughter or not, because it was well knowen that he had maryed his brothers wyfe.

This matter was not so secrete but it spred into the councell bothe of Fraunce and Flaunders, to the great defamacion of the Kyng of Englande, & to the great vncertaintye of the successyon of his Realme: whereof when he was aduertysed, I thynke neuer Prince tooke it more sorrowfully nor more dolently, and for satisfiynge of his con∣science, he called his Cleargye and felte their opinions, and not tru∣styng his owne subiectes onely (which I ensure you be excellently ler∣ned) sent to all the Uniuersities of Fraunce, Italye, and dyuers other Realmes to know their iudgementes in this case, and surely the Kyng my master sore lamenteth his chaunce and bewaileth the tyme myspent if it so ••uccede, for then is his Realme destitute of a lawfull heyre be∣gotten of his body, whiche is the greatest displeasure that maye come to a Prince: The Mariage was well ment bothe of the kynges father and the Quenes father, and they maryed together by the aduyce and councell of their frendes, and so louyngly continued together as man and wyfe without any scruple or doubte, tyll you of Spayne moued fyrst the question and put the maryage in ambiguitie, and therfore you can not with honour thynke but that the Kyng hath doone lyke a wyse Prince to searche out the solucion of your doubte which so neare tou∣cheth his soule and the suretye of his Realme: And all thynge that he hath done he hath done by great aduysement and with a great delibe∣racion, wherefore no reasonable man can saye but he hath done lyke a wyse and vertuous Prince. The Marques hearynge this aunswere sayde, that the Kyng dyd wysely to trye the truthe, and was somewhat ashamed of that that he had spoken, as I was infourmed by them that were present.

You haue hearde before howe the Cleargye in their Conuocacion had graunted to the Kyng the sōme of one hundreth thousa••d pounde to be pardoned of the Premunire: for leuiyng of the whyche summe, e∣uery Bysshop in his Dioces called before hym all the Priestes as well chauntrie and parysh priestes as Persones and Uycars, amongest whom, Doctor Ihon Stokesley Bysshop of London, a man of great wytte and learnyng, but of lytle discresion and humanitie (which cau∣sed hym to be out of the fauoure of the common people) called before hym all the Preistes within the Citie of London, whether they were

Curates or Stipendaries, the first day of Septembre beyng fridaye, in the Chapiter House of Saynt Paull, at whyche daye the Priestes appeared, and the Bysshoppes policye was to haue onely syxe or eight priestes together, and by persuacions to haue caused them to graunte some porsion towarde the payment of the foresayde One Hundreth .M. pounde, but the nombre of the Priestes was so great, for they were syxe hundreth at the least, & with them came many Temporall men to heare of the matter, that the Bysshoppe was disapoynted of his pur∣pose: for when the Bysshoppes Officers called in certayne Priestes by name into the Chapiter house: with that, a great nombre entered, for they putte the Bysshppes Officers that kepte the dore a syde. A••ter this the officers got the dore shut agayne: then the priestes with∣out sayde: We wyll not be kepte without, & our fellowes be within: we knowe not what the Bysshoppe wyll doo with them. The Temporall men beyng present stomaked and conforted the priestes to enter, so that by force they opened the dore, and one strake the Bysshoppes Officer ouer the face and entered the Chapiter house and many temporall men with them, and long it was or any sylence coulde be made: and at last when they were appea••ed the Bysshop stoode vp and sayde: Brethern, I meruayle not a lytell why you be so heddy and know not what shall be sayde to you,* 15.215 therefore I pray you to keepe sylence and to heare me paciently: My frendes all, you knowe well that wee bee men frayle of condicion and no Angels, and by frayltie and lacke of wysedome wee haue misdemeaned our selfe toward the Kyng our Soueraygne Lorde and his lawes, so that all wee of the Clearge were in the Premunire, by reason wherof, all our Promocions, Landes, Goodes and Catelles were to hym forfayte and our bodyes ••eadye to be enprisoned, yet his grace moued with pittie and compassyon, demaunded of vs what wee coulde say why he shoulde not extende his lawes vpon vs, then the fa∣thers of the Cleargye humbly besought his grace of mercye, to whom he answered that he was euer enclyned to mercy: then for all our great offences we had lytell penaunce for where he might by the rygor of his law haue taken al our lyuelod, goodes & catels, he was contented with one hundreth thousand poundes to be payde in fyue yeres: & although that this sōme be more then we maye easelye beare, yet by the rygor of his lawes we shoulde haue borne the whole burdeyne: Wheerfore my brethren, I charitably exhorte you to beare your partes of your liuelod and salary towarde the payment of this sōme graunted. Then it was shortely sayde to the Bysshoppe: My Lorde, twentye nobles a yere is but a ba••e lyuynge for a priest, for nowe victayle and euery thynge in maner is so deare, that pouertie in maner enforceth vs to saye naye: besyde that, my Lorde we neuer offended in the Premunire, for we me∣deled neuer with the Cardinals faculties, let the Bysshoppes and Ab∣bottes whych haue offended paye. Then the Bysshoppes officers gaue to the priestes hyghe woordes, whyche caused them to be the more ob∣s••••nate. Also dyuers temporall men whych were present conforted the

Priestes and bade theim agree to no payment. In this rumor, dyuers of the Bysshoppes seruauntes were buffyted and stryken so that the Bysshop beganne to be a frayde, and with fayre woordes appeased the noyse, and for all thynges whiche were done or sayde there he pardoned them and gaue to them his blessyng and praied them to departe in cha∣ritie. And then they departed thynkyng to heare no more of the matter, but they were disceyued, for the Bysshop went to syr Thomas Moore then beyng Lorde Chauncellor (whiche greatly fauoured the Bysshop and the Cleargye) and to hym made a greuouse complaynte and decla∣red the facte very greuously, wherevpon commaundement was sent to syr Thomas Pargitor Mayer of the Citie, to attache certayne priestes and temporall men, and so .xv. priestes and .v. temporall men were ar∣rested, of the whych, some were sent to the Tower, some to the Fleete, and other Prisons, where they remayned long after.

In this season were dyuers Preachynges in the Realme, one con∣trarye to another concernyng the Kynges Maryage, and in especiall one Thomas Ab••ll clerke, bothe preached and wrote a Booke, that the Mariage was lawfull, whiche caused many symple men to beleue his opinion: This Abell was the Queenes Chaplayne, and wrote this Booke to please her withall: wherfore the Kyng caused a Determina∣ciō of the Uniuersities, & all the iudgementz of gret Clerkes to be com∣pyled into a Booke and to be Printed, whiche Booke dyd satisfie the myndes of all indifferent & discrete persons: but some men were perciall that neither learnyng nor reason could satisfy their wylfull myndes.

This yere the Kyng kepte his Christemas at Grenewyche with great solempnitie, but all men sayde that there was no myrthe in that Christemas because the Queene and the Ladies were absent.

After Christemas the .xv. daye of Ianuary the Parliament began to sytte, & amongest dyuers griefes whych the Commons were greued with, they sore cōplayned of the crueltie of the Ordinarirs, for callyng men before theym Ex officio: that is, by reason of ther office: For the Ordinaries woulde sende for men and ley Accusacions to them of He∣resye, and say they were accused, and ley Articles to them, but no Accu∣ser should be brought furth, whiche to the Commons was very drede∣ful and greuous: for the partie so Assited must either Abiure or be bur∣ned, for Purgacion he myght make none.

When this matter and other Exactions done by the Clergy in their Courtes were long debated in the Common House, at the last it was concluded & agreed, that all the griefes which the temporall men were greued with, shoulde be putte in writyng and delyuered to the Kyng, whiche by great aduyce was done: wherfore, the .xviii. day of Marche the Common speaker accompanyed with dyuers Knyghtes and Bur∣gesses of the Common House came to the Kynges presence, and there declared to hym how the temporall men of his Realme were sore agre∣ued with the cruell demeanoure of the Prelattes and Ordinaryes,

whi••h ••ouched bothe their bodyes and goodes, all whiche griefes, the Speaker delyuered to the Kyng in wri••ynge, most humbly besechyng his gr••c•• to t••ke soche an ordre & direction i•• that ••aie, as to his hygh wysedome myght seme most conuenient. Further he beseched the kyng to consyder what payne, charge and cost, his humble subiectes o•• the nether house had sust••yned syth the begynnynge of this Parliament, and that it woulde please his grace of his Princely benignitie to dis∣solue his courte of Parliament, that his subi••••tes myght repayre into their countreys.

When the Kyng had receyued the Supplicacion of the Commons, he paused a whyle and then sayde: It is not the offyce of a Kyng which is a Iudge to be to lyghte of credence,* 15.216 nor I haue not, nor wyll not vse the same: for I wyll heare the partie that is accu••ed speake or I geue any ••entence: your booke conteyn••th dyuers Articles of great and weyghtye matters, and as I perceyue, it is agaynste the Spirituall persones and Prelates of our Realme, of whiche thynge you desyre a redresse and a re••ormacion, whiche desyre and request is mere contra∣ryant to yout last Peticion: For you requyre to haue the Parlyament dissolued and to departe into your countreys, and yet you woulde haue a reformacion of your griefes with all diligence: Although that your payne haue ben great in tariyng, I as••ure you myne hath ben no lesse then yours, and yet all the payne that I take for your wealthes is to me a pleasure: therefore if you wyll haue protyte of your complaynte, you must tary the tyme, orels to be without remedy: I moche commend you that you wyll not contende nor stand in stryfe with the Spirituall men, whiche be youre Christen brethren, but moche more me thynketh that you shoulde not contende with me that am youre Souereygne Lorde and Kyng, consideryng that I seke peace and quyetnesse of you: For I haue sent to you a byll concernynge wardes and primer season, in the which thynges I am greatly wronged: wherfore I haue offered you reason as I thy••ke, yea, and so thynketh all the Lordes, for they haue set their handes to the booke: Therfore I assure you, if you wyll not take some reasonable ende now when it is offered, I wyll se••che out the extremitie of the lawe, and then wyll I not off••e you so moche a∣gayne: with this answere, the Speaker and his company departed. The cause why the Kyng spake these woordes was this: Daily men made Feoffementes of their landes to their vses, and declared their wylles of their landes with soch remaynders, that not alonly the kyng but all other Lordes lost their Wardes, Mariages and relieffes, and the kyng also lost his primer season, & the profyte of the lyuerey, which was to hym very prediudiciall and a great losse: wherfore he, lyke an indifferent Prince, not willyng to take all, nor to lose all, caused a byll to be drawen by his learned councell, in the which was deuysed, that e∣uerye man myght make his wyll of the halfe of his lande, so that he lefte the other halfe to the heyre by discent. When this Byil

came fyrst amonges the Commons, lorde how the ignoraunt persones were greued, and howe shamefully they spake of the byll and of the Kynges learned Councell: but the wyse men which vnderstoode & sawe the myschiefe to come, woulde gladly haue had the byll to be assented to, or at the least to haue put the Kyng in a suretye of the thyrde or fourthe parte, whiche offer I was credebly informed the Kyng woulde haue taken: but many frowarde and wylfull persones, not regardyng what myght ensue (as it dyd in deede) woulde neither consent to the byll as the Lordes had agreed and set to their handes, nor yet agree to no reasonable qualificacion of the same, whiche they sore repented: For after this, the Kyng called the Iudges and best learned men of his Realme, and thei disputed this matter in the Chaūcery, and agreed that lande coulde not be wylled by the ordre of the common law: wherupon an Acte was made, that no man myght declare his wyll of no parte of his lande: which Acte sore greued the Lordes and Gentlemen that had many chyldren to setfurth. Therefore you may iudge what myschiefe cōmeth of wylfull blyndnesse and lacke of foresyght in so great causes.

This Parliament was proroged tyll the tenth day of Apryll, in the whiche Parliament was an Acte made, that Bysshops shoulde pay no more Annates or money for their Bulles to the Pope: for it was open∣ly proued that there was payed for the Bulles of Bysshoppes, in the fourthe yere of Kyng Henry the seuenth, the Kynges father, tyll this yere, one hundreth thre score thousand pounde sterlyng, besyde all other Dispensacions and Pardones, wherof the summe was incredible.

When the Parliament was begonne agayne after Ester, there came downe to the Common house the Lorde Chauncelloure, the Dukes of Norffolke & Suffolke, the Erles of Arundell, Oxforde, Northumbre∣lande, Rutlande, Wylshyre and Sussex, and after they were set, the Lorde Chauncellor declared, howe the Kyng was aduertised by his Councell, and in especiall by the Duke of Norffolke, howe on the Marches betwene Englande and Scotlande was very lytell habita∣cion, on the Englysh syde, but on the Scottysh syde was great habita∣cion, and the Scottes dwelled euen iust on the border, by the reason wherof they inuaded England dyuets tymes, and dyd to the Kynges subiectes great hurte and displeasure: wherefore the Kyng entended to make dwellyng houses there, and also to make new diuers Pyles and stoppes to let the Scottysh men from their inuasions, to the great commoditie of all his people there dwellyng, which thynges coulde not be doone without great cost: Wherefore consideryng the Kynges good entente, he sayde, that the Lordes thoughte it conueniente to graunte to the Kyng some reasonable ayde toward his charges, and prayed the Cōmons to consulte on the same, and then he and all the Lordes departed.

After their departure, the cōmons cōsidering the kinges good entent, louingly graūted to him a .xv. toward his charges, but this graūt was

not enacted at this Sessyon, bicause that sodeinly began a Pestilence in Westmynster, wherefore the Parlyament was proroged tyll the nexte yere.

In this yere was an olde Tolle demaunded in Flaunders of Eng∣lysh men, called the Tolle of the Hounde, which is a Ryuer and a pas∣sage: The Tolle is .xii. pence of a Fardell. This Tolle had ben often tymes demaunded, but neuer payed: insomoche that Kyng Henry the seuenth, for the demaunde of that Tolle, prohibited all his subiectes to kepe any Marte al Antwerpe or Barow, but caused the Martes to be kepte at Calyes: at which tyme it was agreed that the sayde Tolle shoulde neuer be demaunded, so that the Englysh men woulde resorte agayne into the Dukes countrey, and after that, it was not demaunded tyll now: Wherefore the Kyng sent Doctor Knyght and other to Ca∣lyes, and thyther came themperours Commissioners, and the matter was put in suspence for a tyme.

Ye haue hearde before how the Kyng had purchased the Bysshop of Yorkes place, whiche was a fayre By••shops house, but not meete for a Kyng: wherefore the Kyng purchased all the medowes about saynt Iames, and all the whole house of s. Iames, and there made a fayre mansion and a parke, & buylded many costly and commodious houses for great pleasure.

Now must I declare to you a noble enterprise, although it were not doone in England, yet bicause diuers Englysh men were at that auen∣ture, I wyll declare it as the Lorde Master of the Religion of Saynt Ihons wrote to the Lorde of saynt Ihons in Englande: The Lorde Mas••er of the Religion, lamentyng sore the losse of the Rodes, whiche he thought not sone to be recouered, consydered that the Turke helde the towne of Modon whiche standeth on the See syde, and is a fayre Porte, and woul••e haue gladlye had that towne oute of the Turkes possession▪ called to hym a trusty seruaunt of his, called Caloram, which was well langaged, and to hym declared, that he woulde haue hym to sayle to Modon, and to dwell there as a Turke vnknowen, and if he myght by any meanes to come into seruice with Massie de Huga, which was Capitayne there. Caloram answered, that to go thyther for the accomplyshyng of the Lord masters desyre, he was very well content, but to come in seruyce and fauoure with the Capitayne, must come in processe of tyme and by continuance, and that not without great ex∣pence: The Lorde Maister promysed hym sufficient treasure and a great rewarde: When Caloram was perfectly enstructed in all thyng he toke his leaue and came priuely to Modon, & there dwelled, & within shorte space he was the Capitayns seruaunt, & for his great diligence was with his master in great fauoure. Then he wrote to the Lorde Miaster all thyng, and asserrayned hym that his entent coulde not take effecte hastely, but bade hym euer be readye. Thys matter thus contynued two yeare, in whiche tyme Caloram well perceyned

howe the towne myght be taken, and therefore wrote to the Lord Ma∣ster, which shortly came to a place called Mucollutea. The Turkes haue a condicion in August & Septembre, to resorte into the countrey to see the fruytes, and to solace theim selfe, wherfore the Lorde Master appoynted the Prior of Rome and the Tur••uplya•• of England to be Capitaynes of this enterprise, and with them were .lx. knightes of the Religion, and .vii.C. and fyftye souldyers in .vi. Galyes & Brigantes, and passed the Cape Blanke in the lande of Calaber, the .xviii. day of August, and there they ankered: and from, that place they myght sayle lx. myle to Modon, vnder the hylles of Stroffadees. And in the waye they stopped all the shippes that passed toward Modon: & from thence they sent woorde to Caloram, which sent them woorde, not to be to ha∣stye: for the Uenicians had reported in Modon, that the Galyes of the Religion were on the see: and also a Capitayne of the Turkes, called Frombylam was come to Modon with .ii.C. horsemē to vew the towne so that Caloram was in great feare of his enterprice. But the same nyght there came to Modon a Gripe or small vessell, in the which were thre knyghtes of the Religion all in marynors arrey, and there sought for fresh water and other victails necessary, which knightes spake with Calora••, and the same day the Capitayne Frombylam departed from Modon. Then Caloram sent worde to the Capitaynes, that he trusted that their iourney shoulde be well sped: which knyghtes departed and came to the Capitaynes, whiche wysely assembled all their people at a Roade called Stroffades, and there declared their commission of their Lorde Master, and also shewed Calorams letters, whereof euery man was greatly comforted to know what enterprise they went about. Then it was appoynted that the Prior of Rome shoulde fyrst entre and take the gate of the principall tower, and the Turkeiplier with .vi. English knyghtes were appoynted to defende the Molle or Peere at the hauen mouthe: and to euery gate was a Capitayn appoynted with a nombre for the gates of the towne and the Fortresses were well knowen to the Religion of .s. Ihon Baptist. When all this ordre was appoynted, the Galies disancored & came to the Ile of Sapience .iii. myle from Mo∣don. All this whyle Caloram was in great ••eare tyll the two Capiteins sent a vessell called a Gripe, & in her, iii.C. men: Thei were no so ner en∣tered the peere, but the Turkes came a borde & asked for the merchaūtz (for all the men wer appearlled lyke Mariners) they answered that the Merchauntes which had the charge were gone a land into the towne, & sayde they would bring them to the Merchauntes, & that all their mer∣chaūdise was good wodde, which thyng the Turkes moch desyre: So the christē knyghtes lyke mariners weut with the Turkes, which wer to the nombre of .xiii. entendyng to begyn their enterprise, & some went towarde the tower, and some went toward the gate followyng the .xii. Turkes, & after them issued all the souldiers out of the Gripe,* 15.217 & so with force thei got the gate, & after that y^e molle or pyre, & on that set a bāner

of the Religion to the which Caloram helped moch: with that came all the Galyes and landed. Then begāne a terrible slaughter of al partes, the Turkes fled, and the Christen men followed, and the Capitaynes tooke the walles: and from thence Caloram lead them to the house of Messyre Huga, in whiche house was a great strength: For his house was lyke a Fortresse or tower, whiche ioyned to the walle of the towne, out of which was a Posterne, wherof issued out certayn Turkes which askryed the Christen men abrode in the countrey. But in the meane sea∣son the Christen men assauted the sayde Fortresse, whiche was sore de∣fended: and there the Prior of Rome was by a hackbush slayn, whiche chaunce made the Christen men more furious, & slew in the towne .iii.C Turkes and aboue. Then they blew to retreite, and councelled together & well perceyued that they coulde not keepe the towne excepte they had the fortresse or tower, which they coulde not obtayne without a Siege, and then they had no ordinaunce nor people ynough, therfore they de∣termined to take their most aduauntage by pyllage, and so spoyled the towne & tooke .viii.C. prisoners & sent them to the Galyes. And when the Turkes saw the Cristen men styll pulfer (as the vsage of souldiers is) they issued out of their holde & fortresse and fought with the Christē men boldely in the stretes, so that the stretes ranne bloode in the canels, the fyghte was sore: and euer the Turkes came in at the posterne by askry, and assauted the Christen men, which valiauntly defended them and for all the Turkes power came to their Galies with their pray and prisoners, and came to the Ile of Malto with all their booty, not lee∣syng .xl. persones in all their iourney: wherof the Lorde Master was moche reioyed & well rewarded Caleram, whiche also came with them to Malto. This enterprise was dooen on a sonday, beynge the .xviii. day of August, the yere of our Lorde a thousand, fyue hundreth, thyrtie and one, and this .xxiii. yere of his Reigne.

After this enterprise, the .xxii. day of Septembre, dyed Lady Loyse Dutchesse of Angulesme and mother to the Frenche Kyng, a wyse and a sad Lady: whereof the Kyng beynge aduertised, caused a solempne Obsequye to be made and kepte for her in the Abbey of Waltham in Essex, at the whiche solempnitie, the Kynge and a great nombre of the Nobles and Prelates of the Realme wer present in mournyng apparell at the Kynges coste and charge.

¶The .xxiiii. yere.

IN the beginnyng of this, xxiiii. yere, the Lady Anne Bul∣leyne was so moche in the Kynges fauour, that the com∣men people which knew not the Kynges trew entent, sayd and thought that the absence of the Quene was onely for her sake, which was not trew: for the king was openly re∣buked of Preachers for keping company with his brothers wife, which was thoccasyon that he eschued her companye, tyll the truth wer tryed.

The last daie of Aprill the parliamēt sittyng, the kyng sent for Tho∣mas Awdeley, Spekar of the common house, and certain other, and de∣c••ared to thē, how thei had exhibited a boke of their greues, the last yere against the Spiritualtie, whiche at their requestes, he had deliuered to his spirituall subiectes, to make answere there to, but he could haue no answere, till within three daies last past, whiche answere he deliuered to the Spekar, saiyng: we thynke their answere will smally please you, for it semeth to vs very slender, you bee a greate sorte of wisemen, I doubt not but you will loke circumspectly on the matter, and we will be indif∣ferent betwene you. And for a truth their answere was very Sophisti∣call, and nothyng auoydyng the greues of the laye people: and farther the kyng saied, that he marueiled not a litle, why one of the Parliament house spake openly, of the absence of the Quene frō hym, whiche matter was not to be determined there, for he saied it touched his soule, and wis∣shed the matrimony to be good, for then had he neuer been vexed in cōsci∣ence, but the docters of the vniuersities said he, haue determined the ma∣riage to bee voyde, and detestable before God, whiche grudge of consci∣ence, caused me to abstein from her compaignie, and no folishe or wan∣ton appetite: for I am said he .xli. yere old, at whiche age the lust of man is not ••o quicke, as in lustie youth: and sauyng in Spain and Portyn∣gall it hath not been seen, that one man hath maried two sisters, the one beyng carnally knowē before: but the brother to mary the brothers wife was so abhorred emongest all nacions, that I neuer heard it, that any Christen man did it, but my self: wherfore you se my conscience troubled and so I praie you reporte: so the Spekar departed, and declared to the commons the kynges saiyng, bothe of the Spirituall mennes answere, and also concernyng the kynges mariage, whiche sight answere disple∣sed the commons.

The occasion why the Kyng spake of his marige, was because one Temse in the common house, moued the commons to sue to the kyng, to take the Quene again into his compaignie, and declared certain greate mischiefes, as in bastardyng the Lady Marie, the kynges onely childe, and diuerse other inconueniences, whiche woordes were reported to the kyng, whiche was the cause that he declared his conscience.

The .xi. daie of Maie, the kyng sent for the Speker again, and .xii. of the common house, hauyng with hym eight Lordes, and saied to theim, welbeloued subiectes, we thought that y^e clergie of our realme, had been our subiectes wholy, but now wee haue well perceiued, that thei bee but halfe our subiectes, yea, and scace our subiectes: for all the Prelates at their consecracion, make an othe to the Pope, clene contrary to the othe that thei make to vs, so that thei seme to be his subiectes, and not ours, the copie of bothe the othes, I deliuer here to you, requiryng you to in∣uent some ordre, that we bee not thus deluded, of our Spirituall subie∣ctes. The Spekar departed, and caused the othes to bee redde in the cō∣mon house, the very tenor whereof ensueth.

I Ihon Bishop or Abbot of A. frō this houre forward,* 15.218 shalbe faithe∣full and obedient to sainct Peter, and to the holy Churche of Rome, and to my lorde the Pope, and his successors Canonically enteryng, I shall not be of counsaill nor concent, that thei shall lese either life or member, or shall bee taken, or suffre any violence, or any wrong by any meanes, their Counsaill to me credited, by theim their messyngers or letters, I shall not willyngly discouer to any person: the Papacie of Rome, the ru∣les of the holy fathers, and the Regalie of sainct Peter, I shall help and retain, and defende against all men: the Legate of the Sea Apostolicke, goyng and commyng I shall honourably entreate, the rightes, honors, priuilege, aucthorities of the Churche of Rome, and of the Pope and his successors, I shall cause to bee conserued, defended, augmented, and promoted, I shall not bee in counsaill, treatie, or any acte, in the whiche any thyng shalbe imagined against hym, or the Churche of Rome, there rightes, states, honors, or powers. And if I knowe any suche to bee mo∣ued or compassed, I shall resist it to my power, and as sone as I can, I shall aduertise hym, or suche as maie geue hym knowlege. The rules of the holy fathers, the Decrees, Ordinaunces, Sentences, Disposicions, Reseruacions, Prouisions, and Commaundementes Apostolicke, to my power I shall kepe and cause to be kept of other: Heretickes, Sismati∣kes, and rebelles to our holy father and his successors, I shal resist and persecute to my power, I shall come to the Sinode, when I am called, except I be letted by a Canonicall impediment, the lightes of the Apo∣stles I shall visite yerely personally, or by my deputie, I shall not alien nor fell my possession, without the Popes Counsaill: so God me helpe and the holy Euangelistes.

I Ihon Bishop of .A. vtterly renounce and clerely forsake,* 15.219 all suche clauses, woordes, sentences, and grauntes, whiche I haue or shall haue here after, of the Popes holines, of and for the Bishopricke of .A. that in any wise hath been, is or hereafter maie bee hurtefull, or preiudiciall to your highnes, your heires, successors, dignitie, priuilege, or estate royal: and also I dooe swere, that I shalbe faithfull and true, and faithe and truth I shall beare to you my souereigne lorde, and to your heires kyn∣ges of thesame, of life and lymme, & yearthly worship aboue all creatu∣res, for to liue and dye with you and yours, against all people, and dili∣gently I shalbe attendant, to all your nedes and busines, after my witt and power, and your counsaill I shall kepe and holde, knowlegyng my self to hold my bishoprcke of you onely, besechyng you of restitucion of the temporalties of thesame, promisyng as before, that I shalbe faithe∣full, true, and obedient subiect to your saied highnes heires, and succes∣sors duryng my life, and the seruices and other thynges dewe to youre highnes, for the restitucion of the Temporalties, of thesame Bishoprike I shall truly dooe and obediently perfourme, so God me helpe and all sainctes.

The openyng of these othes, was one of the occasions, why the Pope

within two yere folowyng, lost all his inrisdiccion in Englande, as you shall here afterward. The .xiiii. daie y^e parliament was proroged, til the iiii. daie of February next ensuyng. After whiche prorogacion, sir Tho∣mas More Chaunceller of Englāde, after long sutes made to the kyng to be•• discharged of that office, the .xvi. daie of Maie, he deliuered to the kyng of Westminster, the greate Seale of Englande, and was with the kynges fauor discharged, whiche Seale the kyng kept til Whitson••de folowyng▪ and on the Mondaie in Whitson weke,* 15.220 he dubbed Thomas Awdeley, Speker o•• the parliament knight, and made hym lorde keper of the greate Seale, and so was he called.

The kyng beyng in progresse this Sommer, was aduertised that the Pope and the Frenche Kyng, had appoynted to mete at Marcelles in Prouince, in the beginnyng of the nexte Spryng▪ wherefore the kyng like a wise and pollitike prince, thought it conuenient to speake with the Frenche kyng in his awne persone, before the Pope and he should come together, and to declare to hym bothe the determinacion, of the Uniuer∣sities and Doctors concernyng his Matrimonie, and also the generall coūsailes, whiche ordeined suche causes, to be tried in the poruinces and countreis, where the doubt should rise, trustyng that the Frenche kyng should cause the Pope to encline to Goddes law, and to leaue his awne tradicions, and voyde dispensacions, whereupon bothe the princes con∣cluded, to mete in October folowyng, betwene Calic•• & Bulleyn: wher∣fore the kyng of Englande sent out his letters, to his nobilitie prelates, and seruauntes, commaundyng theim to bee ready at Cantorbury, the xxvi daie of September, to passe the Seas with hym, for the accompli∣shyng of the enteruew, betwene hym and his brother the Frenche kyng. Many men wer sory to here, that the kyng should passe the sea in Win∣ter, and specially in October, when the seas be rough, but their saiynges letted not his purpose: for he marched forward from Ampthill to Wyn∣sore, where on Sundaie beyng the firste daie of September, he created the lady Anne Bulleyn, Marchiones of Penbroke, and gaue to her one thousande pound lande by the yere, and that solemnitie finished, he rode to the College to Masse, and when the Masse was ended, a newe league was concluded & sworne,* 15.221 betwene the kyng and the French kyng, Mes∣sire Pomoray the Frenche Ambassador then beyng present. A••ter which othe taken▪ Doctor Fox the kynges amner, made an eloquent oracion in Latin, in praise of peace, loue, and amitie: whiche dooen the trumpettes blewe, and the kyng returned to the Castle, where was kepte a solempne feast. From thence the kyng remoued to Grenewiche▪ and so forward to Cantorbury, where at the daie appoynted, he found ready fur••ished, all suche as were commaunded to passe the sea with hym, well and richely adorned, bothe thei and their seruauntes.

The .x. daie of October, the kyng came to Douer, and on the .xi. daie in the mornyng beyng Fridaie, at three of the clocke he tooke shippyng in Douer rode, and before .x. of the clocke thesame daie, he with the lady

Marchiones of Pembroke, landed at Caleis, where he was honorably receiued with procession, and brought to sainct Nicholas church, where he hard Masse, and so to his place called Thexchequer, where he lodged And on the Sondaie after came to Caleis, the lorde Roche Baron, and Monsire de Mountpesat, messengers frō the Frenchkyng, aduertisyng the kyng of Englād, that the Frenche kyng would repaire to Abuile the same night marchyng towarde Bull••yne, of whiche tidynges the kyng was very glad: but sodainly came a messenger, & reported that the great Master of Fraunce, and the Archebishoppe of Roan, with diuerse noble men of Fraunce, wer come to Sandifeld, entendyng to come to Caleis, to salute the kyng, from the kyng their Master. He beyng therof aduer∣tised, sent in greate hast the .xv. daie of October, the Duke of Norffolke the Marques of Excester, the Erles of Oxford, Darby, and Rutlande, the lorde Sandes, and the lorde Fitzwater, with .iii.C. gentlemen, whi∣che honorably receiued the Frenche lordes, at the Englishe pale, and so brought thē to the kynges presence in Caleis, whiche stode vnder a ri••h clothe of estate▪ of suche value that thei muche mused of the riches. The kyng (as he that knewe all honor and nurture) receiued the Frenche lor∣des, very louyngly and amiably, and with thē toke a daie & place of me∣tyng: these lordes wer highly feasted, & after diner departed to Bullein.

While the kyng lay thus in Caleis, he vewed the walles, towers, and Bulwerkes, and deuised certain newe fortificaciōs, for the maintenance and defence of the toune. The toune of Caleis had at this season .xxiiii.C. beddes, and stablyng for .ii M. horses, beside the villages adiacent.

The .xx. daie of this moneth, the kyng beyng aduertised, that the Frē∣che kyng was come to a village called Marguisō, nigh to the Englishe pa••e, marched out of Caleis the next daie after, accompaignied with the Dukes of Norffolke and Suffolke, and with the Marquesses of Dor∣cet and Excester, the Erles of Arundell, Oxford, Surrey, Essex, Derby Rutlande, Huntyngdon, and Sussex, and diuerse Uiscountes, Barons, Knightes of the Garter, and Gentlemen, freshely appareled, and richly trimmed, and so passed toward the place, appoynted for the enteruewe, leuyng behinde thē the greatest part of y^e yomen in Caleis, because that Bulleyne was to litle for bothe the traines. For the Frenchemen saied their train was xx. M. horse, whiche caused the Englishmen to cast ma∣ny perelles, and especially because it was bruted abrode, that the Fren∣che kyng should saie, the Kyng of Englande was once his enemie, and mainteined the Emp••ror and the duke of Burbō against hym, and now he was become his moste frende. The rehersyng of these olde grudges many Englishmen suspected, and very lothe that the kyng should go to Bulleyne, but the kyng continued still in his iorney, and came to San∣dyngfelde, and a litle from that place in a valey, was the Frenche kyng nobely accompaignied, with three hundred horse, and not muche more. The Kynges tr••in waued on the lefte hande, to geue the Frenche Kyng and his train the ••ight hande: like wise did the Frenche part, to geue the

Englishemen the right hande: so the twoo kynges with all louely honor met with bare heddes, and embrased other in suche fashion, that all that behelde them reioysed. The kyng of Englande was appareled,* 15.222 in a cote of greate riches, in braides of golde laied lose on Russer Ueluet, and set with Traifoyles, full of pearle and stone. The Frenche Kyng was in a coate of cr••mosin veluet, all to cut, lined with slender cloth of gold pluc∣ked out through the cuttes. The noble men on bothe parties, wer richely apparreled, and as was reported, the Frenche kyng saied openly, to the kyng of Englande:* 15.223 sir you be thesame persone, that I am moste bounde to in the worlde, and sithe it hath pleased you, in persone to visite me, I am bound in persone to seke you, and for the very frendship, that I haue found in you. I am yours and will be, and so I require you to take me, and with that put of is bonet: the kyng of England soberly answered. If euer I did thyng to your likyng I am glad, & as touchyng the pain to come hether to se you, I assure you it is my greate comforte, yea, and I had come farther to haue visited you. Then the kynges embrased the lordes and estates, as the Frenche kyng the lordes of England, and the kyng of England, the lordes of Fraunce, and that doen, thei set forward toward Bulleyne, and in ridyng thei cast of Haukes called Sakers to the Kytes, whiche made to theim greate sporte. And in a valey beyonde Sādyngfeld, the kyng of Nauerr met the kynges, and there thei a ligh∣ted and dranke, and a••ter that thei mounted on horsebacke, & with hau∣kyng and other princely pastyme, thei came nere to Bulleyn, where on a hill stode ranged in a faire bande, the nomber of fiue hundred menne on horsebacke, of whom the chief wer, the Frenche kynges three sonnes, the Dolphin, the Duke of Orleaunce, and the Duke of Angulesme, and on them gaue attendaunce, the Admirall of Fraūce, and three Cardinalles with diuerse other nobles of Fraunce: these three Princes marched for∣warde, and welcomed the kyng of Englande, whiche theim well behelde and louyngly them receiued, as he that could as muche nurture, as any Prince that euer was. Then the Frenche kyng saied to his children opē∣ly: My children, I am your father, but to this Prince here you are as muche bound, as to me your naturall father, for he redemed me and you from captiuitie: wherfore on my blessyng I charge you, to be to hym lo∣uyng alwaies. The kyng of Englande ceassed the Frenche kynges tale, and embrased the young Princes, eche after other: all their three appa∣relles were blacke Ueluet, embraudered with siluer of Damaske. Then all these noble compaignie came to Bulleyne,* 15.224 where was a greate shot of Artilery, for on the one side thei shot greate pellettes, whiche made a greate noyse: then these twoo Princes offered at our Lady of Bulleyne, and the Frenche kyng brought the kyng of Englande to his lodgyng, in the Abbay directly against his awne lodging, where the kyng of En∣glande had diuerse chambers, the vtter chamber was hanged with faire Arras, and another chamber was hanged with grene Ueluet, embrau∣dered with Uinettes of gold, and fret with flowers of Siluer, and smal

twigges of wrethen worke, & in the middle of euery pane, or pece, was a fable of Ouid in Matamorphoseos embraudered, and a clothe of estate of thesame worke, valanced with frettes, knotted and langettes tassaled with Uenice golde and siluer: and in this chamber was hanged a great braunche of siluer percell gilte, to beare lightes. Then was there an in∣••er chamber, hanged with riche clothe of gold of Tissue, and the ro••e si∣led with thesame: The .iiii. chamber was with veluet, and hachementes of armes, and diuises of nedle worke, very connyngly wrought. Eue••y man was appoynted to his lodgyng (which there was very straight) ac∣cordyng to his degree, and greate chere was made to all the Engli••he∣men: the Poultrees, Larders, Spicer••is, and Sellars of Wine were al open, and likewise Hay and Litter, and all other thynges, aske and haue and no man durst take any money, for the Frenche kyng paied for all.

The Frenche kyng caused twoo gounes to be made of white veluet, pricked with gold o•• damaske, and the capes and ventes, wer of frettes of whipped gold of damaske very riche, whiche twoo gounes he sent to the kyng of Englande, praiyng hym to chose the one, and to weare it for his sake, whiche gladly toke it, and so that Tewesdaie, the twoo kynges wer bothe in one suite: thesame night the Frēche kyng, made to the kyng of Englande a supper in his chamber, whiche was hanged with Arras, and ••iled ouer with riche silke, and two clothes of ••states wer set vp, one at the one ende, & the other at the other ende, the one clothe was embrau∣dered with the image of an old man, and a woman with a naked child in h••r arme, and the woman gaue the old man sucke of her brest, and about was writtē in French: Better it is child••en wantonly to wepe, then old mea for nede to peri••he On the other clothe of estate, was enbraudered then sunne goyng doune of ••••ne gold, and a beast theron, the hed couered with a helme, and a coro∣••ail of a dukes estate, the beastes body was al perle, & the cloth was cri∣mosin satten. A riche cupbord was set vp of plate, wi••h a greate nōber of peces of the newe fashion, iiii. great braunches hong in the chāber, all o•• siluer & gilt, which bare torches of white waxe, al the gētlemen of Fraūce made thenglishemen greate chere, and serued them of delicate viandes.

In the Churche of Bulleyne was a Trauerse set vp for the Frenche kyng, opē on euery side, sauyng it was siled with blew veluet, embrau∣dered with ••lower Delices golde, the pillers were hanged with thesame worke: On the Frenche kynges right hand, was another trauerse siled, and cortened all of white Satten, embraudered with Cables cast, of cut clothe of gold, embraudered and gilted after the fashion that Mariners cast their ropes: this trauerse was valensed of like woorke, and fringed with fine gold. Daily the kynges heard their Masses in these trauerses and commonly thei went together to Masse. Diuerse tymes the kynges communed together in counsaill, and sometyme in the mornyng, or the princes wer stirryng▪ their coūsailes met, and sat together agreat while.

While the kyng of Englande, lay thus at Bulleyn, the Frenche kyng to shewe hymself louyng to the noble men of Englande, the .xxv. daie of

October, called a Chapiter of the compaignions of his Ordre, called Sainct Michell, of whom the kyng of Englande was one, and so there elected Thomas Duke of Norffolke, and Charles Duke of Suffolke, to bee compaignions of thesaied Ordre, whiche were brought into the Chapiter, and had there Collers deliuered to theim, and were sworne to the Statutes of the Ordre, their obeysaunce to their souereigne Lorde, alwaies reserued: whiche Dukes thanked the Frenche Kyng, and gaue to the Officers of Armes twoo hundred Crounes a pece. All this season the Frenche kyng and his courte wer freshe, and his gard were appare∣led, in frockes of blewe Crimosin, and yelowe veluet. With the Frenche kyng, was the kyng of Nauerr, the Dolphin of Uien, the Dukes of Or∣liaunce, Angulesme, Uandosine, Guyse, Longuile, the Erles of Sainct Paule, Neuers, Estampes, Lauall, and many other Erles and Barons and the prince of Melffe, foure Cardinalles, and a leuen bishoppes with their traines and resort, whiche surely was a greate compaignie: so con∣tinued these twoo kynges at Bulleyn, Mondaie, Tewesdaie, Wednes∣daie, and Thursdaie, and on Fridaie the .xxv. daie of October, thei de∣parted out of Bulleyn to Calice: the Frenche kynges train was twelue hundred persones, and so many horse or more, and without Calice twoo mile, met with them the Duke of Richemond, the Kynges bastard sonne of Englande, a goodly young Prince, and full of fauoure and beautie, with a greate compaignie of noble men, whiche wer not at Bulleyne, so the Duke with his compaignie, embrased the Frenche kyng, and so did other noble men, then the lorde of Englande set forward, as the Dukes of Richemond, Norffolke and Suffolke, the Marques of Excester, the Erles of Arūdell, Oxford, Surrey, Darby, Worcester, Rutland, Sus∣sex, and Huntyngdon, the Uiscountes of Lis••e, and Rocheforde, the Bi∣shoppes of London, Winchester, Lyncolne, and Bathe, the lorde Wil∣liā Haward, the lorde Matrauerse, the lorde Montacute, the lorde Cob∣ham, the lorde Sādes, the lorde Bray, the lord Mordāt, the lorde Leo∣nard Grey, the lorde Clinton, & sir William Fitzwillyam knight, treso∣rer of the kynges house, and sir William Paulet, Cōptroler of thesame with a gre••te nomber of knightes, beside the lustie Esquires and yong gentlemen. These noble personages and gentlemen of England, accom∣paignied the Frenche Lordes to Newnam Bridge, where as Thomas Palmer, capitain of the fortresse, with a faire compaignie of souldiours saluted the Kynges, and so thei passed towarde Calice: where at their commyng, that what out of the Toune and the Castle, and what out of Ricebancke, and the Shippes in the Hauen, the Frenche men saied thei neuer heard suche a shotte: And when thei were entered the Mille gate, all the Souldiours of the Toune, stoode on the one side, appareled in Redde and Blewe, and on the other side of the stretes, stoode all the ser∣uyng menne of Englande, in coates of Frenche Tawney, with their lor∣des and Masters diuises embraudered, and euery manne a Scarlette cap and a white fether, whiche made a goodly shewe: there were lodged

in Caleis that night, beside the toune dwellers, eight thousand persones at the least. The Kyng of Englande brought the Frenche Kyng to his lodgyng, to the Staple in, where his chamber was hanged with so rich verdore,* 15.225 as hath not been seen, the ground of it was gold and damaske, and all ouer the tuffes and flowers, were of Satten Silke and Siluer, so curiously wrought that thei semed to growe, euery chamber was ri∣cher and other:* 15.226 the seconde chamber all of Tissue, with a clothe of estate of nedle worke, set with great Roses of large pearle. The third was hā∣ged with Ueluet,* 15.227 vpon veluet pirled grene and Crimosyn, and embrau∣dered ouer with braunches, of flowers of Gold Bullion, and garnished with armes and beastes of thesame golde, set with pearle and stone. If the Frenche Kyng made good chere to the Kyng of England, and his trayne at Bulleyne, I assure you he and his trayne, were requited at Caleis, for the plentie of wylde foule, Uenison, Fishe, and all other thyn∣ges whiche were there, it was marueill to see, for the Kynges Officers of Englande, had made preparacion in euery place, so that the Frenche∣menne were serued, with suche multitude of diuerse fishes, this Fridaie and Saterdaie, that the masters of the French kynges houshod, muche wondered at the prouison. In like wise on the Sondaie, thei had al ma∣ner of fleshe, foule, spice, Uenison, bothe of falowe Dere and redde Dere, and as for wyne thei lacked none, so that well was thenglishe man that might wel entertain the French man: the lordes of Fraūce neuer fetched their viandes, but thei wer sent to them, and often tyme their proporcion of victaill was so abundaunt, that thei refused a greate parte thereof.

While the kynges wer thus in Caleis,* 15.228 thei roade euery daie to sainct Marie Churche, where were set twoo trauerses, the one for the Frenche Kyng, whiche was Crimosyn Ueluet, replenished with greate Roses of massy Bullion of fine gold, and the seede of thesaied Roses were greate orient pearle, and about euery Rose, was a wrethe al of pearle and stone whiche trauerse was muche wondered at by the Frenchemen: the other trauerse of blewe Ueluet and clothe of Tissue, raised with flowers of sil∣uer paned, al the blewe Ueluet was embrodered with knottes, and sub∣tle draughtes, of leaues and braunches, that fewe men could iudge the cunnyng of the workemanship. The sundaie at night, the French kyng supped with the kyng of England,* 15.229 in a chamber hanged with tissue, rei∣sed with siluer, paned with cloth of siluer, reised with golde, & the semes of thesame wer couered with brode wrethes, of goldsmithes worke, full of stone and perle. In this chamber was a coberd of .vii. stages high al of plate of gold, & no gilt plate, beside that there hong in thesaid chāber x. braūches of siluer & gilt, & .x. braunches al white siluer, euery braūche hangyng by a long chain of thesame sute, beryng .v. lightes of waxe. To tell the riches of the clothes of estates, the basens & other vessels whiche was there occupied, I assure you my wit is insufficiēt, for there was no∣thyng occupied that night, but all of gold. The Frēch kyng was serued iii. course, & his meat dressed after the Frēch fashion, & the kyng of En∣gland

had like courses after thenglishe fashion, the first course of euery kyng was .xl. dishes, the second .lx. y^• third .lxx. which wer costly & plesant

A••ter supper came in the Marchiones of Penbroke, with .vii. ladies in Maskyng apparel, of straunge fashion, made of clothe of gold, com∣passed with crimosyn Tinsell Satin, owned with Clothe of Siluer, liyng lose and knit with laces of Golde: these ladies were brought into the chamber, with foure damoselles appareled in Crimosin sattyn, with Tabardes of fine Cipres: the lady Marques tooke the Frenche Kyng, and the Countes of Darby, toke the Kyng of Nauerr, and euery Lady toke a lorde, and in daunsyng the kyng of Englande, toke awaie the la∣dies visers, so that there the ladies beauties were shewed, and after thei had daunsed a while thei ceased, and the Frenche Kyng talked with the Marchiones of Penbroke a space, & then he toke his leaue of the ladies, and the kyng conueighed hym to his lodgyng: thesame night the Duke of Norffolke feasted all the nobles of Fraunce, beyng there in the castle of Caleis, with many goodly sportes and pastymes.

On the Mondaie beeyng Simon and Iudes daie, there dined with the kyng of Englande, the kyng of Nauerr, & the Cardinall of Lorrain, and the greate Master, & Admirall of Fraunce, on whiche daie the kyng of Englande, called a Chapiter of the knightes of the Gartier, at whiche Chapiter the Frenche kyng ware the Blewe Mantell of the ordre, be∣cause he was of thesame ordre, and there wer elected, Annas Memoran∣cie Erle of Beaumont, greate Master of the Frenche kinges house, and Phillip de Chabbot Erle of Newblanke, greate Admirall of Fraunce, whiche had to them their Collers and Garters deliuered, for the whiche thei rendered to the kyng greate thankes.

The morowe after beyng the thirtie daie of October, the two kynges departed out of Caleis, and came nere to Sādyngfeld, and there aligh∣ted in a faire grene place, where was a table set, and there the Englishe∣men serued the Frenchemen of wyne, Ypocras, fruite, & spice abondant∣ly. When the twoo kynges had communed a litle, thei mounted on their horses, and at the very enteryng of the Frenche grounde,* 15.230 thei toke han∣des, and with Princely countenaunce, louyng behauor, and hartie wor∣des, eche embrased other and so there departed.

While the kyng of Englande was in the Frenche kynges dominion, he had the vpper hande, and like wise had the Frenche kyng, in his do∣minion, and as the Frenche kyng paied, al the Englishmennes charges at Bulleyn, so did the kyng of Englande at Caleis, so that euery thyng was recōpensed: sauyng that the kyng of England, gaue to the Frenche kyng, diuerse precious Iuelles & greate horses, and to his nobles great plētie of plate, for the whiche I could neuer heare, that he gaue the kyng of Englāde any other thing, but the white goune, as you haue hard, but to the lordes of the kynges counsaill, he gaue certain plate and chaines.

When the kyng was returned to Calice, many gentlemen tooke ship to saile into Englande, but the wynd was so contrariant, that diuerse of

them wer driuen backe again into Calice, and diuerse into Flaunders, a••d in Nouember rose suche a Wynde, o•• the North and North Weste, that al the ••hippes in Caleis hauen, wer in greate ieoperdy, and in espe∣ciall y^• Hoyes, at whiche season was suche a spryng tide, that it brake the walles of Hollande and Zelande, and drouned diuerse tounes in Flaū∣ders▪ in somuche that the water rose three foote aboue the wharfe, where the Key stode in Andwarpe: this storme continued till the fourth daie of Nouember, but for all that the wynd chaunged not. The eight daie rose suche a Wynde tempest and Thonder, that no man could conueniently stirre in the streates of Caleis: muche lamentacion was made for theim that had taken shippe into Englande, for no man knewe what was be∣come of theim. On Sondaie the wether was faire, the kyng caused his bedde and other thynges to be shipped, and entended to departe, but so∣dainly rose suche a mist, that no Master could guide a ship, and so he ta∣ried that daie. On Tewesdaie at midnight he tooke ship, and landed at Douer the morowe after, beyng the .xiiii. daie of Nouember, at .v. of the clocke in the mornyng, wherefore the Saterdaie after, was song Te deum in the Cathedrall Churche of sainct Paule in London: the Lorde keper of the great Seale, the Maior of London, (and diuerse other noble and sad persones, whiche made their abode in London, for the gouernaunce of the realme in the kynges absence, beyng present). The kyng after his returne,* 15.231 maried priuily the lady Anne Bulleyn, on sainct Erkenwaldes daie, whiche mariage was kept so secrete, that very fewe knewe it, til she was greate with child, at Easter after.

When the kyng should passe ouer the sea, he cōsidred that the Scot∣tes had robbed his subiectes, bothe by sea and land, and that no redresse was made for thesame, imagined that in his absence, thei would attempt some outragious enterprise against his people, wherfore like a prudent prince to be in a suretie, he sent sir Arthur Darcy knight, with thre hun∣dred tall menne to Barwicke, to defende the inuasions of the Scottes. The Scottes hearyng of his commyng, came into Northumberlande, by y^e middle Marches, and came to a place called Fowbery, and in their iorney fired certain villages and returned. Sir Arthur Darcy hearyng of this auenture, was nothyng contente. Nowe at this season there laie at Berwicke, Archibald Doglas Erle of Angus, whiche had maried the Quene of Scottes, the kynges sister, and was banished Scotlande and she was from hym diuorsed, and maried to another. The Scottes bragged of their enterprise, and saied that sir Arthur had brought them good lucke, and said, that he and the Erle of Angus, slepte well in Bar∣wicke: thei hearyng of this bragge, made a roade with .iiii.C. men into Scotland, & set a village on fire: then shortly assembled together .viii.C Scottes. When thenglishemen perceiued the Scottes, thei caused their trompet to blowe a retreate, and the Erle and .xx. with hym, shewed hym self on a hill, euen in the face of the Scottes, and the trumpette blewe at their backes, so that the Scottes thought that there had been ii. compai∣gnies

whiche caused the Scottes to flie, and the Englishemen folowed, and slewe a great a nomber, and toke many prisoners, and brought them to Berwicke, the twentie daie of October.

The Kyng this yere kepte his Christemas at Grenewiche, and after Christmas sir Thomas Awdeley,* 15.232 lorde keper of the greate Seale, was made Chaunceller of Englande, and when the Parli••ment beganne, be∣cause the office of the Spekar▪ was voyde, Hūfrey Wyngfeld of Grais Inne, was elected Spekar of the parliament, whiche was presented ac∣cordyng as you haue heard, of the other Spekar before. In the whiche Parliament was made an acte, that no persone should appeale for any cause, out of this realme, to the Courte of Rome, but from Commissarie to the Bishoppe, and from Bishop to the Archebishop, and from Arche∣bishop to the kyng, and all causes of the kyng▪ to bee tried in the vpper house of the Conuocacion. And in thesame Parliament was enacted, that quene Katheryn should from thence furth, be no more called quene, but princes Dowager, of prince Arthur.

In this Sommer season last past died Willyam Warham Archebi∣shoppe of Cantorbury, and to that Bishopriche was named, Doctor Thomas Cranmer, the kynges chappelein, a manne of good learnyng, and of a verteous life, which also not long before, was the kynges Am∣bassador to the Bishop of Rome, whiche was consecrate in Lent.

After the Kyng perceiuyng his newe wife Quene Anne, to bee greate with childe, caused all officers necessary, to bee appoynted to her, and so on Easter eue, she went to her Closet openly as Quene, with all solem∣pnitie, and then the Kyng appoynt••d the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 of her Coronacion, to bee kept on Whitsō Sondaie next folowyng, and ••••••tynges wer sent to al Shriues, to certi••e the names of menne of 〈◊〉〈◊〉 pounde, to receiue the Ordre of knighthod, or els to make a fine: the assessement of whiche fines, were appoynted to Thomas Cro••well, Master of the Kynges Iuell house, and counsailer to the kyn••, and newly in his high fauour, whiche so pollitikely handeled the matter, that he raised of that sessyng of fines, a greate somme of money to the Kynges vse: Also the Kyng wrote letters to the citee of London, to prepare pagiauntes against the∣same coronacion.

¶The .xxv. yere.

THe kyng in the beginnyng of this .xxv. yere, kepte the daie of sainct George, at his Manor of Grenewiche, with great solempnitie, and the Courte was grea••ly replenished, with lordes knightes, and with ladies and gentlewomen, to a great nomber, with all soalce and pleasure You haue hard the last yere, how the Parliament had enacted that no person should af∣ter a daie, appele to Rome for any cause, wha••soeuer it wer, and that the Quene now, called the Princes Dowager, h•••• appeled to the Court of Rome, before the acte made, so that it was doubted, whether that ap∣pele

were good or not. This question was well handeled in the Parlia∣ment hou••e, but muche better in the Cōuocacion house, but in both hou∣ses it was alleged, yea, and by bokes shewed, that in the Counsailes of Calcedone, Af••ricke, Toletane, and diuerse other famous Counsailes, in the primitiue Churche, yea, in the tyme of sainct Augustine, it was affir∣med, delcared, & determined, that a cause risyng in one Prouince, should be determined in thesame, and that neither the patriarcke of Constanti∣nople, should medle in causes moued in the iurisdicciō of the patriarcke of Antioche, nor no bishop should entermit, within anothers Prouince or countrey: whiche thynges were so clerkely opened, so connyngly sette furthe to all intentes, that euery man that had witte, and was determi∣ned to folowe the truth, and not affeccionate nor wilfully wedded to his awne mynd, might plainly se that all appeles made to Rome, wer clere∣ly voyde and of none effect: whiche Doctrines and Counsailes, wer she∣wed to the lady Katerine Princes Dowager, but she (as women loue to lose no dignitie) euer cōtinued in her old song, trustyng more to the Po∣pes parcialitie, then to the determinacion of Christes veritie. Wherupō the Archebishop of Cantorbury, accompaignied with the bishoppes of London, Winchester, Bathe, Lincolne, and diuerse other great clerkes, in a greate nomber rode to Dunstable, whiche is sixe myle frō Ampthil, where the Princes Dowager laye, and there by a Doctor called Doctor Lee, she was ascited to appere before thesaied Archebishoppe, in cause of Matrimonie, in thesaied toune of Dunstable, and at the daie of appa∣raunce she would not appere, but made defaute, and so she was called peremptorie,* 15.233 euery daie .xv. daies together, and at the laste for lacke of apparaunce, and for c••••tumacie, by thassent of all the learned men there beyng present, she was diuorsed from the kyng, and their Mariage de∣clared to be voyde and of none effecte, whiche sentence geuen, the Arche∣bishop and all the other, returned whether it pleased them.

After whiche diuorse sued, many wise menne saied, that the kyng was not well counsailed, to mary the lady Anne Bulleyne, before the diuorse were adiudged, for by mariyng before the firste mariage was dissolued, thei said, that the second mariage might be brought in question, and ve∣rely thei saied true, for so it was in the monethe of Maie, three yere folo∣wyng, as you shall here after, when I come to the tyme. Of this diuorse euery man spake, as his discrecion and wisedom was, for wise men saied that it was Godly and honorably doen, for the discharge of the Kynges conscience, and profitable for the suretie of the realme, and that God lo∣ued this mariage, consideryng that the newe Quene, was so sone with childe. Other saied that the bishop of Rome, would cursse all Englishe∣men, and that themperor and he, would inuade the realme, and destroye the people, and specially the Spanyardes bosted muche, but thankes be to God, their doynges wer muche lesse then their wordes: but after eue∣ry man had talked inough, there was no more communyng of the mat∣ter, but all was in peace▪

A litle before this tyme was there a worshipfull esquier in Glocester shyre called Wyllyam Tracy* 15.234 of Todyngton whiche made in his wyll that he would no funeral pompe at his buriyng, neither passed he vpon Masse, and farther sayd that he trusted in God onely & hopyng by him to besaued and not by no saint, This gentleman dyed and his sonne as executor brought y^• wil to the bishop of Cauntorbury to proue, whiche he shewed to the cōuocacion and there vnaduisedly they adiudged him to be taken out of the ground and to be brent as an heretike, and sent a commission to doctor P••rker chauncelor of the dyoces of Worcester to execute their sentence, whiche accomplished the same. The kyng hea∣ryng his subiect to be exhumate & brent without his knowlege or order of his lawe sent for the Chauncelor and layde the high offence to him, whiche excused him by the archebishop of Caūtorbury whiche was late dead: but in conclusion it cost him CCC. pound to haue his pardon. But yet for a farther trueth to be knowen of this gentlemans death, & the cruel ignoraūcye of the bishoppes, I haue here expressed his wylle worde by worde as foloweth.

In the name of God Amen, I Wyllyam Tracy of Todyngton in y^• countie of Gloucester esquier make my Testament & last wille as here∣after foloweth. Fyrst and before al other thinges I commit me vnto God and to his mercy, beleuyng without any doubt or mistrust that by his grace and the merites of Iesus Christ, & by the vertue of his passi∣on and of his resurreccion I haue and shal haue remission of my sinnes and resurreccion of body and soule according as it is written,* 15.235 I beleue that my redemer lyueth, and that in the last day I shall ryse out of the yearth and in my fleshe shall see my sauior, this my hope is layde vp in my bosome.

And touchyng the wealth of my soule, the fayth that I haue taken & rehersed is sufficient (as I suppose) without any other mannes worke or workes. My ground and belefe is, that there is but one God & one mediator between God and man, whiche is Iesus Christ, so that I ac∣cept none in heauen nor in yerth to be mediator betwene me and God, but onely Iesus Christ, all other be but peticioners in receiuyng of grace, but none hable to geue influence of grace. And therfore will I bestowe no part of my goodes for that entent that any man should say, or do, to helpe my soule, for therin I trust onely to the promises of God: he that beleueth and is baptized shalbe saued,* 15.236 and he that beleueth not shalbe damned.

As touchyng the buriyng of my body, it auaileth me not whatsoeuer be done therto▪ for saint Augustine sayeth de cura agenda pro mortuis that the funeral pompes are rather the solace of them that liue, then for the welth and comforte of them that are dede, and therfore I remitte it onely to the discrecion of myne executors.

And touchyng the distribucion of my temporal goodes, my purpose is by the grace of God to bestowe them, to be accepted as the fruites of

fayth so that I do not suppose that my merite is by good bestowyng of them, but my merite is the fayth of Iesus Christ onely,* 15.237 by whom suche workes are good accordyng to the wordes of our lorde: I was hungry and thou gauest me to eat .&c. and it foloweth, that ye haue done to the least of my brethren ye haue done it to me .&c. and euer we should con∣sider the true sentence, that a good worke maketh not a good man, but a good man maketh a good worke:* 15.238 for fayth maketh the mā both good and righteous, for a righteous man liueth by fayth: and whatsoeuer spryngeth not of fayth is synne.

And all my temporal goodes that I haue not geuen or deliuered or not geuen by writyng of myne own hand bearyng the date of this pre∣sent writyng, I do leaue and geue to Margaret my wyfe & to Richard my sonne whom I make myne Executors. Wytnes this myne owne hand, the x. day of October in the xxii. yere of the reigne of kyng Henry the viii.

This is the true copy of his wille, for the whiche as you haue heard before after he was almoste thre yeres dead, they toke him vp and bur∣ned him.

In the moneth of Maye Pope Clement sent an Orator to the kyng at Grenewyche certifiyng him that he had appointed a generall coun∣sail to be kept at Mantua the yere folowing, and therof had aduertised all princes Christen, requiryng the kyng likewyse as he did all other princes Christen for the vniuersal welth of all Christendome and for y^• quietyng of opinions newly growen, to appeare there personally: to the whiche it was answered that it was both ieopardeous for y^• kyng & for his whole realme to haue their prince absent for feare of inuasions by vtward enemies, but he sayd he would sende thither a sufficient procu∣racie and conuenient proctors, & desired to see the Orators commission.

When he with an euil will had shewed his commission, there appe∣red neither place nor tyme of the counsail. For the kyng knew well be∣fore his commyng that the Marques of Mantua had made a full de∣nial to the pope that he would haue no suche assemble to be kept in his citie nor dominions for diuers great and vrgent causes, & so the popes Orator departed with an vncertain answere to an vncertain demaund but not vnrewarded.

The kyng beyng aduertised by the Frenche kyng how that he and y^• Pope should mete at Nece in Iune folowyng, thought it conuenient to sende a solempne Ambassade to y^• Frenche kyng both to accompany him to Nece and also to comon with the bishop of Rome concernyng his vnlawfull stay in the kynges deuorce: wher vpon he appointed the duke of Norffolke, the lorde Rocheforde brother to the newe quene, sir Wyllyam Pawlet comptroller of the kynges housholde, sir Anthonye Browne & sir Fraunces Bryan knightes to be his ambassadors which made great prouision for that purpose and so with the nomber of Clx. horses came to Douer and so to Calys on Whitson eue, on whiche day

the quene made her entry through the citie of London toward her coro∣nacion) where thei made their abode a certain space and passed through all Fraunce till they came to Lyons, where they remayned a space as you shall here after.

This very season was daily skirmishyng betwene the borderers of the Marches of England and Scotland, and yet no warre proclaimed and many robberies, murders and māslaughters done on both partes, and although the cōmissioners of the realmes of England & of Scot∣lay at Newcastle vpō Tyne entreatyng a truce and amitie, yet duryng the communicacion the Scottes ceased not to robbe both by sea & land, and toke dyuers litle botes laden with corne and fishe, wherof hearyng the kyng of England, he decked and vitailed dyuers shippes of warre and sent them to the North seas to defende his subiectes. The Scottes hearyng that the Englishe nauye was come on their cost, in al hast fled home to their harbor, but yet the Englishemen folowed then & fetched many of their praies out of their hauens maugre of their heades.

In the beginnyng of May the kyng caused open Proclamacions to be made that al men that claimed to do any seruice or execute any office at the solempne feast of the coronacion, by the way of Tenor, graunt or prescripcion should put their graunt iii. wekes after Ester in the starre chamber before Charles duke of Suffolke for that tyme high steward of England and the lorde Chauncelor and other commissioners.

The duke of Norffolke claymed to be erle Marshall and to exercise his office at that feast. The erle of Arrondell claymed to be high butler and to exercise thesame: the erle of Oxforde claymed to be chamberlain: the vicount Lys••e claymed to be panter: the lorde Burgaine to the chiefe larderer, and the lord Bray claimed to be almoner, and sir Henry Wiat knight claymed to be ewrer: All these noble parsonages desired their offices with their fees. Besyde these the Maior of London claymed to serue the quene with a cuppe of golde and acuppe of assay of the same, and that xii. citizens should attende on the cupborde and the Maior to haue the cuppe and cuppe of assay for his labor, whiche peticion was allowed. The v. Portes claymed to beare a Canapie ouer the quenes head the daye of the Coronacion with .iiii. gilte Belles and to haue the same for a rewarde whiche also to them was allowed. Dyuers other put in petie claymes whiche were not allowed because they semed only to ••e done at the kynges coronacion. All this season great purueiaūce was made of all maner of vitailes, and lordes, knightes and squiers were sent for out of all countreys whiche came to London at their day with a great nomber of people.

The receiuyng, conueiyng and coronacion of quene Anne vvyfe to the high and mightie prince kyng Henry the eight.

After that the kynges highnes had addressed his gracious letters to the Maior and cominaltie of the citie, signifiyng to them that his plea∣sure was to solempnise and celebrate the coronacion of his moste deare and welbeloued wyfe Quene Anne at Westminster the Whitsonday nexte ensuyng, willyng theim to make preparacion aswell to fetche her grace from Grenewyche to the Tower by water as to see the citie orde∣red and garnished with pageaūtes in places accustomed, for the honor of her grace. When she should be conueyed from the Tower to West∣minster, there was a common counsail called, and cōmaundement was geuen to the Haberdashers (of which craft the Maior sir Stephen Pe∣cocke then was) that they should prepare a barge for the Batchelers with a wafter and a foyst garnished wich banners and streamers like∣wyse as they vse to dooe when the Maior is presented at Westminster on the morowe after Symon and Iude. Also all other craftes were commaunded to prepare barges and to garnishe them not alonely with their banners accustomed, but also to decke theim with Targettes by the sides of the barges, and so set vp all suche semely banners and ban∣norettes as thei had in their halles or could gette mete to furnishe their sayd barges, and euery barge to haue mynstrelsie, accordyng to whiche commaundementes great preparacion was made for all thynges ne∣cessary for suche a noble triumph.

The commyng by vvater from Grenevvyche the thursday.

The .xix. day of Maye the Maior and his brethren all in Scarlet, and suche as wer knightes had collers of Esses & the remnant hauyng good chaynes, and the counsail of the citie with them assembled at saint Mari Hyll, and at one of the clocke discended to the Newstayre to their barge, whiche was garnished with many goodly bāners and stremers, and richely couered, In whiche barge were Shalmes, Shagbushes & diuers other instrumentes, whiche continually made goodly armony. After that the Maior and his brethren wer in their barge seyng that all the companyes to the nomber of fiftie barges were ready to wayte vpō theim. They gaue commaundement to the companyes that no barge should rowe nerer to another then twyse the length of the barge vpon a great paine. And to see the order kept, there were thre light wheryes prepared, and in euery one of them two officers to call on them to kepe their order, after whiche commaundement geuen they set forth in order as hereafter is discribed.

Fyrst before the Maiors barge was a Foyst or Wafter full of ordi∣naunce, in whiche Foyst was a great Dragon continually mouyng, & castyng wyldfyer, and round about the sayd Foyst stode terrible mon∣sters and wylde men castyng fyer, and makyng hidious noyses: Next after the Foyst a good distaunce came the Maiors barge, on whose right hand was the Batchelers barge, in the whiche were trumpettes and diuers other melodious instrumentes. The deckes of the sayd

barge and the sailyardes and the toppe castles were hanged with riche cloth of golde and silke. At the foreship and the Sterne were two great banners riche beaten with the armes of the kyng and the quene, and on the toppe castle also was a long stremer newly beaten with the sayd ar∣mes. The sides of the barge was sette full of Flagges and banners of the deuises of the company of Haberdashers and marchauntes aduen∣turers, and the cordes were hāged with innumerable penselles hauyng litle belles at y^e endes whiche made a goodly noyse and a goodly sight waueryng in the wynde. On the outsyde of the barge were thre dosen Scochyons in metal of armes of the kyng and the quene whiche were beaten vpon square bocrame deuided so that the right side had the kin∣ges colors, and the left syde the quenes, whiche Scochyons were faste∣ned on the clothes of gold and siluer hangyng on the deckes on the left hand. On the left hand of the Maior was another Foyst, in the whiche was a mount & on thesame stode a white Fawcon crouned vpon a rote of golde enuironed with white roses and red▪ whiche was the Quenes deuise: about whiche mount satte virgyns singyng & plaiyng swetely. Next after the Maior folowed his felowship the Haberdashers, Next after them the Mercers, then the Grocers, and so euery company in his order, and last of all the Maiors and shiriffes officers, euery company hauyng melodye in his barge by himselfe, and goodly garnished with banners and some garnished with silke and some with Arras and riche carpettes, whiche was a goodly sight to beholde, and in this order they ••owed to Grenewyche to the point next beyond Grenewyche, and there they turned backward in another order, that is to wete, the Maior and Shiriffes officers first, and the meanest craft next, and so ascendyng to the vttermost craftes in order and y^e Maior last as they go to Poules at Christmas, and in that order they rowed douneward to Grenewiche toune and there cast anker makyng great melody. At thre of the clocke the quene appeared in riche clothe of golde entered into her barge accō∣panied with diuers ladies and gentlewomen, and incontinent the Citi∣zens set forwardes in their order, their minstrels continually plaiyng, and the Batchelers barge goyng on the quenes right hand whiche she tooke great pleasure to beholde. Aboute the quenes barge were many noble men, as the duke of Suffolke, the Marques Dorset, the Erle of Wylshyre her father, the Erles of Arrondel, Darby, Rutland, Worce∣ter, Huntyngton, Sussex, Oxford, and many bishoppes and noblemen euery one in his barge, which was a goodly sight to behold. She thus beyng accompanied rowed towarde the Tower, and in the meane way the shippes whiche were commaunded to lye on the shore for lettyng of the barges shotte diuers peales of gunnes, and or she landed there was a meruailous shotte out of the Tower as euer was harde there. And at her landyng there met with her the lord Chamberlain with the officers of armes and brougth her to the kyng, which receiued her with louyng countenaunce at the Posterne by the water syde and kyssed her, & then

she turned backe againe and thanked the Maior and the citezens with many goodly wordes, and so entred into the Tower. After which entry the citezens all this while houed before the Tower makyng great me∣lody & went not alande, for none wer assigned to land but the Maior, the Recorder and two Aldermen. But for to speake of the people that stode on euery shore to beholde the sight, he that sawe it not would not beleue it.

On Fryday at diner serued the kyng all suche aswere appointed by his highnes to be knightes of y^• bath, whiche after dyner were brought to their chambers, and that night were bathed and shreuen accordyng to the old vsage of England, and the next day in the mornyng the kyng dubbed theim accordyng tot he ceremonies thereto belongyng whose names ensueth.

The Marques Dorset.

• The Erle of Darby.
• The lorde Clyfforde.
• The lorde Fitzwater.
• The lorde Hastynges.
• The lorde Mountaigle.
• Sir Ihon Mordant.
• The lorde Uaux.
• Sir Henry Parker.
• Sir Wyllyam Wynsore.
• Sir Fraunces Weston.
• Sir Thomas Arrondell.
• Sir Iohn Hulstone.
• Sir Thomas Pownynges.
• Sir Henry Sauell.
• Sir George Fitzwillyam
• Sir Ihon Tyndall.
• Sir Thomas Iermey.

Saterday the xxxi. day.

The receiuyng and conueiyng of the quene through London.

To the entent that the horses should not slide on the Pauement, nor that y^e people should not be hurted by horses, the high stretes where the quene should passe were all graueled from the Tower to Temple barre and railed on the one side, within whiche rayles stode the craftes along in their order from Grace churche where the marchauntes of the Styl∣lyard stode till the litle conduite in Chepe where the Aldermen stode, & on the ther syde of the strete stode the Constables of the citie apparel∣led in veluet & silke with great staues in their handes to cause the peo∣ple to kepe rome and good order. And when the stretes were somewhat ordered, the Maior clothed in a goune of crimosyn Ueluet and a riche collor of Esses with two footemen clad in white and red damaske roade to the Tower to geue his attendance on the Quene, on whom the Shi∣riffes with their officers did wayte till they came to Tower hill, where they takyng their leaue roade doune the high streates commaundyng the Constables to see rome and good order kept, and so went and stode by the Aldermen in Chepe. And before the quene and her traine should come, Cornehill and Gracious streate were hanged with fyne Scarlet, Crimosyn and other grayned clothes, and in some place with riche Ar∣ras, Tapestry and Carpettes, and the moste part of the Chepe was hā∣ged with clothe of Tyssue, Golde, Ueluet and many riche hangynges whiche made a goodly shewe, and all the wyndowes were replenished

with ladyes and gentlewomen to beholde the quene and her trayne as they shuld passe by. The fyrst of the quenes company that set forward were xii. Frenchemen whiche were belongyng to the Frenche Ambassa∣dor clothed in coates of blewe veluet with steues of yelowe and blewe veluet and their horses trapped with close trappers of blewe Sarcenet poudered with white crosses: after theim marched gentlemen, squiers knightes ii. and ii. After them the Iudges, and after them the knightes of the bath in Uiolet gounes with hoddes purfeled with Miniuer lyke doctors, after them abbottes, then Barons, after them bishoppes, then Erles and Marquesses, then the lorde Chauncelor of England, after him the archebishop of Yorke and the ambassador of Uenice, after him the archebishop of Cauntorbury and the ambassador of Fraunce, after roade .ii. squiers of honor w^t robes of estate rolled and worne baudrike wise about their neckes with cappes of estate represētyng the dukes of Normandy and Acquitaine, after them roade the Maior of London w^t his Mace and Garter in his coate of armes, whiche Maior bare his Mase to Westminster halle, after them roade the lorde Wylliam Ha∣ward w^t the Marshals rod deputie to his brother y^e duke of Norffolke Marshall of England whiche was ambassador then in Fraunce: and on his right hand roade Charles Duke of Suffolke for that day high Constable of England bearyng the verder of siluer appertainyng to y^• office of Constableship, and all the lordes for the moste parte were clo∣thed in Crimosyn veluet, and all the Quenes seruauntes or officers of armes in Scarlet. Next befor the quene road her chaūcelor barcheded, the sergeaūtes & officers of armes roade on both the sides of the lordes. Then came the quene in a litter of white cloth of golde not couered nor bayled whiche was led by ii. palferies clad in white damaske doune to the ground head & all, led by her fotemen. She had on a circot of white clothe of Tyssue & a mantle of thesame furred with Ermyne, her heere hāged doune, but on her head she had a coyffe with a circlet about it ful of riche stones. Ouer her was borne a Canapie of clothe of golde with iiii. gilte staues and iiii. siluer belles. For bearyng of whiche Canapye were appointed xvi. knightes, iiii. to beare it one space on foote & other iiii. another space accordyng to their owne appointment. Next after the quene roade the lorde Borough her chāberlain, next after him Wylliā Coffyn Master of the Horses leadyng a spa••e horse with a syde saddie trapped doune w^t clothe of tyssue: after him roade vii. ladyes in crimo∣syn veluet turned vp w^e cloth of gold & of tyssue & their horses trapped with cloth of gold, after them ii. chariotes couered w^t red cloth of gold. In the fyrst Chariot was ii. ladyes whiche were y^e olde duches of Nor∣folke & the old marchiones of Dorset. In the secōd chariot wer iiiii. la∣dies all in Crimosyn veluet. After theim roade vii. ladyes in the same suite their horses trappers and all, after theim came the third Chariot all white with .vi. Ladyes in Crimosyn veluet, next after them came the fowerth Chariot all redde with viii. ladies also in crimosyn Ueluet,

after whō f••lowed xxx. gētlewomen all in veluet and silke in the liuery of their ladies on whom they gaue their attendaunce. After them folo∣wed the Garde in coates of Goldsmythes worke, in whiche order they roade forth till they came to Fanchurche, where was made a pageaunt all with children apparelled like marchauntes whiche welcommed her to the Citie with two proper preposicions both in Frenche & Englishe, and frō thence she roade to Gracious church corner, where was a costly and a meruailous connyng pageaunt made by the marchauntes of the Styllyarde, for there was the mount Pernasus with the fountayne of Helycon, which was of white Marble and iiii. streames w^t out pype did rise an ell hye & mette together in a litle cuppe aboue the foūtain, which fountain ranne aboundantly Racked Rennishe wyne til night. On the mountaine satte Appollo and at his feete satte Calliope, and on euery syde of the mountain satte iiii. Muses plaiyng on seueral swete instru∣mentes, and at their feete Epigrammes & Poyses were written in gol∣den letters, in the whiche euery Muse accordyng to her propertie prai∣sed the Quene: so from thence she passed to Leaden Halle where was a goodly pageaunt with a type and a heauenly toffe, and vnder the type was a rote of golde set on a litle mountaine enuironed with red roses & white, out of the type came doune a Fawcon all white and sate vpō the rote, and incontinent came doune an Angell with great melody and set a close croune of golde on the Fawcons head, and in the same pageaūt satte saint Anne with all her issue beneth her, and vnder Mari Cleop•• satte her iiii. children▪ of the whiche children one made a goodly Oraci∣on to the quene of the fruitfulnes of saint Anne and of her generacion, trustyng that like fruite should come of her. Then she passed to the conduicte in Cornehill where wer thre graces set in a throne, afore whō was the spryng of grace continually ronnyng wyne. Afore the foūtain satte a Poete d••claring the properties of euery grace, & that done euery lady by her selfe accordyng to her propertie gaue to the quene a seueral gift of grace. That done she passed by y^• great cōduite in Chepe whiche was newly painted with armes of deuises: out of the whiche conduit by a goodly fountain set at the one end rāne continually wyne both white and claret all that after noone, and so she rode to the Standard which was richely painted with ymages of kynges and quenes and hanged with bāners of armes, and in the toppe was meruailous swete armony both of song & instrument. Then she went forward to the crosse whiche was newly gilt, til she came where the Aldermen stode, & then Master Baker the Recorder came to her with lowe reuerence makyng a proper and briefe proposicion and gaue to her in the name of the Citie a thou∣sand markes in golde in a Purse of golde, whiche she thankefully ac∣cepted with many goodly wordes, and so roade to the lytle conduite where was a riche pageaunt full of melodye and song, in whiche pageaunt was Pallas, Iuno and Uenus, and before them stode Mer∣cury, whiche in the name of the iii. goddesses gaue to her a balle of gold

deuyded in thre, signifiyng thre giftes y^e which thre Goddesses gaue to her, that is to saye, wysedome, ryches and felicitie. As she entred into Paules gate there was a pretie pageaunt in whiche satte thre ladyes rychely clothed, and in a circle on their head was written Regina Anna prospere procede e••regna. The Lady in the middes had a Tablet in the whiche was written Veni amica coronaberis, And vnder the tablet satte an angell with a close croune, and the ladye sittyng on the right hande had a Tablet of syluer in whiche was written Domine direcre gressus meos, and the third ladye had a Tablet of golde with letters Asure written, confido in domino, and vnder their feete was written, Anna Regina nominum Regis de sanguine narum, cum paries populis a••ea secla tuis. And these ladyes cast doune Wafers, on the whiche the two verses were written. From thence she passed to the East ende of Paules Churcheyarde against the schole, where stode on a S••affolde two hundreth children well apparelled, whiche sayd to her diuers goodly verses of Poetes translated into Englishe, to the honor of the kyng and her, whiche she highly commended. And when she came to Ludgate, the gate was newly garnished with golde and byse. And on the ledes of sainct Martyns Churche stode a goodly quere of singyng men and children whiche sang newe balades made in praise of her. After that she was passed Ludgate she proceded towarde Flete∣strete where, the Conduict was newely painted, and all the armes and angels refreshed, and the chyme melodiously sownyng. Upon the Con∣duite was made a toune with iiii. Turrettes, and in euery Turret stode one of the cardinall vertues with their tokens and properties, whiche had seueral speches, promisyng the Quene neuer to leaue her, but to be aydyng and comfortyng her, And in the myddes of the tower closely was suche seueral solempne instrumētes, that it semed to be an heauen∣ly noyse, and was muche regarded and praised: and beside this the sayd Conduyte ranne wyne Claret and Red al the afternoone. So she with all her companye and the Maior roade forth to Temple barre, whiche was newly painted and repayred, where stode also diuers singyngmen and children, til she came to Westminster halle, whiche was richely hā∣ged with clothe of Arras and newe glased. And in the myddes of the halle she was taken out of her littre, and so led vp to the high dece vn∣der the clothe of estate, on whose lefte hand was a cupborde of x. stages merueilous riche and beutifull to behold, and within a litle season was brought to the quene with a solempne seruice in great standyng spyce plates, a voyde of Spice and subtilties with Ipocras and other wynes, whiche she sent doune to her ladyes, and when the ladyes had dronke she gaue hartie thākes to the lordes & ladyes, and to the Maior and other that had geuen their attendance on her, and so withdrew her selfe with a fewe ladyes to the Whitehalle and so to her chamber, and there shifted her, and after went into her barge secretely to the kyng to

his Manor of Westminster where she rested that night.

Sonday beyng vvhitsonday the first day of Iune and the day of her coronacion.

On sonday the Maior cladde in crimosyn veluet and with his collor and all the Aldermen and shiriffes in Scarlet and the counsail of the citie tooke their barge at the Crane by seuen of the clocke and came to Westminster where thei wer welcomed & brought into y^e halle by Ma∣ster Treasorer and other of the kynges house, and so gaue their atten∣daunce till the quene should come forth. Betwene viii. and ix. she came into the halle and stoode vnder the clothe of estate, and then came in the kynges chapel & the monkes of Westminster all in riche copes & many bishoppes and Abbottes in Copes and miters whiche went into the middes of the halle, and there stode a season. Then was there a raye clothe spred from the quenes standyng in the halle through the palace and saintuary, whiche was railed on bothe sydes to the high Aulter of Westminster. After that the raye clothe was cast, the officers of armes appointed the order accustomed. Fyrst went gentlemen, then esquiers, then knightes, then the aldermen of the citie in their clokes of Scarlet, after them the Iudges in their mantels of Scarlet and coyffes. Then folowed the knightes of the bathe beyng no lordes, euery mā hauyng a white lace on his left sleue, Then folowed Barons & vicountes in their parliament robes of Scarlet. After them came Erles, Marquesses and Dukes in their robes of estate of crimosyn veluet furred with Ermyne poudered accordyng to their degr••es. After them came the lorde Chaū∣celor in a robe of Scarlet open before bordered with Lettice: after him came the kynges chapel and y^• Monkes solempnely singyng with pro∣cession, then came abbottes and bishoppes mitered, then sergeauntes & officers of armes, then after them went the Maior of London with his mace & garter in his cote of armes, Then went the Marques Dorcet in a robe of estate whiche bare the scepter of gold, and the erle of Arrondel whiche bare the rod on Yuery with the Doue both together: Then went alone the erle of Oxforde high Chamberlain of England whiche bare y^• croune, after him went the duke of Suffolke in his robe of estate also for that day beyng high stewarde of England, hauyng a long white rod in his hande, and the lorde Wyllyam Hawarde with the rodde of the Marshalship, & euery knight of the Garter had on his collor of the or∣der. Then proceded forth the quene in a circot and robe of purple Uel∣uet furred with Ermyne in her here coyffe and circlet as she had the sa∣terday, and ouer her was borne the Canape by iiii. of the .v. Portes all crimosyn with pointes of blewe & red hangyng on their sleues, & the bi∣shoppes of Lōdon & Wynchester bare vp the lappes of y^• quenes robe. The quenes traine whiche was very long was borne by y^• old dutches of Norffolke: after her folowed ladies beyng lordes wyues whiche had circottes of scarlet with narow sleues, the brest all Lettice w^t barres of

accordyng to their degrees. And ouer that they had mantels of Scar∣let furred, and euery mantle had lettice about y^• necke like a neckercher likewise poudered, so that by y^e pouderynges there degre was knowen. Then folowed ladies bryng knightes wyues in gounes of Scarlet w^t narow sleues without traines only edged with lettice, and likewise had all the quenes gentlewomen. When she was thus brought to the high place made in the middes of the churche betwene the quere and the high alter she was set in a riche chayre. And after that she had rested a while she discended doune to the high Alter and there prostrate her self while the archebishop of Cauntorbury sayd certaine collettes: then she rose & the bishop anoynted her on the head and on the brest, and then she was led vp againe, where after diuers Orisons sayd, the archebishop set the croune of saint Edward on her head, and then deliuered her the scepter of gold in her right hand, and the rod of Iuery with the doue in the left hand, and then all the quere sang Te deum. &c. Which fone the bishop toke of the croune of saint Edward beyng heuy and sette on the croune made for her, and so went to Masse. And when the offertory was begon she discended doune and offred beyng crouned, and so ascēded vp again and sate in her chayre till Agnus, And then she went doune and kneled before the alter where she receiued of the archbishop the holy sacrament and then went vp to her place againe. After that Masse was done she went to saint Edwardes shryne and there offered, after whiche offeryng done she withdrewe her into a litle place made for the nones on the one side of the quere. Now in y^e meane season euery duches had put on their bonettes a coronal of gold wrought with flowers, & euery Marquesses put on a demy Coronal of golde, euery counties a plaine circlet of gold w^tout flowers, & euery kyng of armes put on a croune of Coper & gilte all whiche were worne till night. When the quene had a litle reposed her, the company returned in the same order that they set forth, and the Quene went crouned and so did the Ladies aforesayd. Her right hand was sustayned by the erle of Wylshire her father, and her left hand by the lorde Talbot deputie for the erle of Shrewsbury & lorde Forynfal his father. And when she was out of the saintuary and appered within the palace the trumpettes played meruailous freshely, and so she was brought to Westminster halle, and so to her withdrawyng chamber, du¦ryng whiche tyme y^e lordes, Iudges, Maior and Aldermen put of their robes, Mantels and Clokes, and toke their hoddes from their neckes and cast them about their shoulders, and the lordes satte onely in their circottes, and the Iudges and Aldermen in their gounes. And all the lordes that serued that day serued in their circottes and their hoddes aboute their shoulders. Also diuers officers of the kinges house beyng no lordes had circottes and hoddes of Scarlet edged with Myniuer, as the Treasorer, Controller and Master of the Iuel house, but their circottes were not gilte.

The order and sittyng at diner.

While the quene was in her chamber, euery lord & other that ought to do seruice at coronacions did prepare them according to their dutie, as the duke of Suffolke high steward of England whiche was richely apparelled, his doblet and ••aket set with orient perle, his goune of cri∣mosin veluet enbrodered, his courser trapped with a cloth trapper head and all to the ground of Crimosyn Ueluet set full of letters of golde of goldsmithes worke hauyng a long white rodde in his hand, on his left hand roade the lord Wylliam, deputie for his brother as erle Marshal with the Marshals rod, whose goune was C••imosyn veluet, and his horse trapper purple veluet cut on white satten enbrodered with white Lyons. The erle of Oxforde was high Chamberlaine, the erle of Essex caruer, the erle of Sussex suer, the erle of Arrondel chiefe butler on whō xii. citizens of London did geue their attendaunce at the cupbord. The erle of Darby Cupberer, the Uicount Lysle Panter, the lorde of Bur∣gayne chiefe larder, the lorde Bray almoner for him & his coperteners, and the Maior of Oxford kept the buttry barre, and Thomas Wiat was chiefe eurer for sir Henry Wiat his father. When all thyng was ready, the Quene vnder her canapy came to the halle and washed and satte doune in the middes of the table vnder the cloth of estate. On the right side of the chayre stode the countesse of Oxforde wydowe, and on the left side stode the countesse of Worcester all the dyner season, which diuers tymes in the dyner tyme did hold a fyne cloth before the quenes face when she list to spet or do otherwyse at her pleasure. At the tables ende satte the archebishoppe of Cauntorbury on the right hande of the quene, and in the myddest betwene the archebishoppe and the countesse of Oxforde stode the erle of Oxforde with a white staffe all diner tyme, and at the quenes feete vnder the table satte .ii. gentlewomen all dyner tyme. When all these thynges were thus ordered came in the Duke of Suffolke and the lorde Wyllyam Haward on horsebacke and the sergeauntes of armes before them, and after them the Sewer, and then the knightes of the bath bringyng in the first course whiche was xxviii. dishes beside subtilties and shippes made of waxe meruailous gorgi∣ous to beholde, all whiche tyme of seruice the trumpettes stāding in the wyndow at the netherende of the halle played melodiously. When her grace was setued of two dishes, then the archebishoppes seruice was set doune, whose Sewer came equal with the thirde dishe of the quenes seruice on his left hand. After that the quene and the archebishop was serued, the Barons of the portes began the table on the right hand next the wall, next them at the table sat the masters and clerkes of the chaū∣cery, and beneth them at the table other doctors and gentlemen. The table next the walle on the left hande by the cupborde was begon by the Maior and Aldermen the chamberlain and the counsail of the citie of Lōdon, and beneth them satte substancial marchaūtes, & so douneward other worshipfull persones. At the table on the right hand in y^e middes of the halle sat the lorde Chauncelor and other temporall lordes on the

the right side of the table, in their circottes: And on the lefte side of the∣same table, sat Bishoppes and Abbottes in their Parliament robes, be∣neth them sat the Iudges, Seriantes, and the kynges counsaill, beneth thē the knightes of the Bathe. At the table on the left hande, in the mid∣dle part, sat Ducheses, Marqueses, Countesses, Baronesses, in their ro∣bes, and other ladies in circottes, and gentle women in gounes. Al whi∣che ladies and gentle women, sat on the left side of the table a long, and none on the rightside: and when all were thus set, thei were incontinent serued and so quickely, that it was maruaill, for the seruitors gaue such good attendance, that meate or drynke ne any thyng els, neded not to be called for, whiche in so greate a multitude was maruaill. As touchyng the fare ther could be deuised, no more costlier dishes nor subtilties. The Maior of London was serued with .xxxiii. dishes at twoo courses, and so wer all his brethren, and suche as sat at his table. The Quene had at her seconde course .xxiiii. dishes, and thirtie at the thirde course: and be∣twene the twoo last courses, the kynges of Armes cried Larges, in three partes of the hall: and after stode in their place, which was in the bekins at the kynges Benche. And on the right hande, out of the Cloyster of. S. Stephēs, was made a litle Closet, in whiche the kyng with diuerse Am∣bassadors, stoode to behold the seruice. The Duke of Suffolke and the lorde Willyam, rode often tymes aboute the hall, cheryng the lordes, la∣dies, and the Maior and his brethren. After thei all had dined, thei had Wafers and Ypocras, and then thei washed, and were commaunded to rise, and to stande still in their places, before the table or on the fourmes till the Quene had washed: when she had taken Wafers and Ypocrase, the table was taken vp, and the Erle of Rutlande brought vp the sur∣nap, and laied it at the bordes ende, which immediatly was drawen, and cast by Master Rode, Marshal of the hall: And the Quene washed, and after the Archebishop, and after the Surnap was drawen of, she arose and stode in the middes of the Hall place: to whom the Erle of Sussex in a goodly spice plate, brought a voyde of spice and comfettes. After hym the Maior of London, brought a standyng cuppe of golde, set in a cup of assaie of gold, and after that she had dronke, she gaue the Maior the Cuppe, with the Cuppe of assaie, because there was no leyar, accor∣dyng to the claime of the citee, thankyng hym & all his brethren, of their pain. Then she vnder her Canapie, departed to her Chamber, and at the entry of her Chamber, she gaue the Canapy with Belles and all, to the Barons of the Portes, accordyng to their clayme, with greate thankes. Then the Maior of London bearyng his Cuppe in his hande, with his brethren, went through the hall to their barge, and so did all other noble men and gentlemen, for it was sixe of the clocke.

On Mondaie were the Iustes at the Tilte, before the Kynges gate, where the Maior and his brethren had a goodly stādyng: but there wer very fewe speres broken, by reason the horses would no cope.

On Wednesdaie, the Kyng sent for the Maior and his brethren to

Westminster, and there he hymself gaue to theim hartie thankes, with many goodly wordes.

On Midsomer daie after, the lady Mary the Frenche Quene died in Suffolke, at the lordship of who was the late wife to Lewes the xii. and after maried to Charles duke of Suffolk, and was buried at

This season the kyng kepte his progresse aboute London, because of the Quene.

The vii daie of September beyng Sondaie, betwene thre and foure of the Clocke at after noone,* 15.239 the Quene was deliuered of a faire Lady, whiche daie the Duke of Norffolke came home to the christenyng, & for the Quenes good deliueraunce, Te deum was song in continently, & great preparacion was made for the christenyng: and the Maior and his bre∣thren, and .xl. of the chief of the citezens, were commaunded to bee at the Christenyng, the Wednesdaie folowyng, vpon whiche daie the Maior, sir Stephen Pecocke, in a goune of Crimosin Ueluet, with his coller of S. S. and all the Aldermen in Scarlet, with collers and cheines, and all the counsaill of the citee with theim, tooke their barge after diner, at one of the clocke, and the citezēs had another barge, and so rowed to Grene∣wiche, where were many lordes, knightes, and gentlemen assembled. All the walles betwene the Kynges place and the Friers, were hanged with Arras, and all the waie strawed with grene Rushis: the Friers Church was also hanged with Arras. The Funt was of siluer, and stoode in the middes of the Churche, three steppes high, whiche was couered with a fine clothe, and diuerse gentlemen with aperns, and towelles about their neckes, gaue attendaunce aboute it, that no filthe should come in the Funt, ouer it hong a square Canape of crimosin Satten, fringed with golde, aboute it was a rayle couered with redde saye: betwene the quier and the body of the Churche, was a close place with a panne of fire, to make the child redy in: when al these thynges wer ordered, the child was brought to the hall, and then euery man set forward: Firste the citezens two and two, then gentlemen, Esquiers and chapeleins, next after theim the Aldermen, and the Maior alone: nexte the Maior, the kynges coun∣saill, the kynges Chapel in copes: then Barons, Bishoppes, Erles, then came the Erle of Essex, bearyng the couered basins gilte, after hym the Marques of Excester with y^• taper of virgin waxe, next hym the Mar∣ques Dorset, bearyng the salt, behynd hym the lady Mary of Norffolk, bearyng the cresom whiche was very riche of perle & stone, the old Du∣ches of Norffolke bare the childe, in a Mantell of purple veluet, with a long train furred with Ermine The duke of Norffolke, with his Mar∣shall rod went on the right hand of thesaied duches, & the duke of Suf∣folke on the left hande, and before theim went the officers of armes: the countes of Kent bare the long train of the childes mantell, and betwene the Countes of Kent and the child, went therle of Wilshire on the right hand▪ and therle of Darby on the left hand, supportyng thesaid train: in the middes ouer thesaid child was borne a Canapy, by the lorde Roche∣ford,

the lorde Husee, the lorde Willyā Haward, and by the lorde Tho∣mas Haward the elder, after the child folowed many ladies, and gentle∣women, when the child was come to the churche dore, the bishop of Lon∣don met it with diuerse bishoppes and Abbottes mitred, and began the obseruaunces of the Sacrament. The Godfather was the lorde Arche∣bishop of Cantorbury: the Godmothers were the old Duches of Norf∣folke, and the olde Marchiones of Dorset widowes, and the childe was named Elizabeth: and after that al thyng was doen, at the churche dore the child was brought to the Fount, and christened, and this doen, Gar∣ter chief kyng of armes cried a loude, God of his infinite goodnes, sende prosperous life and long, to the high and mightie Princes of England Elizabeth: and then the trumpettes blewe, then the childe was brought vp to the aultar, and the Gospell saied ouer it: and after that immediat∣ly the Archebishop of Cantorbury confirmed it, the Marchiones of Ex∣cester beyng Godmother, then the Archebishop of Cantorbury, gaue to the Princes a standyng cup of gold: the Duches of Norffolke, gaue to her a standyng cuppe of golde, fretted with perale: the Marchiones of Dorset gaue thre gilt boulles, pounced with a couer: and the Marchio∣nes of Excester, gaue thre standyng bolles grauen, all gilt with a couer. Then was brought in Wafers, Comfettes, Ypocras in suche plentie, that euery man had asmuche, as he would desire. Then thei set forwar∣des, the trumpettes goyng before in thesame ordre, towarde the kynges place, as thei did when thei came thether warde, sauyng that the giftes that the Godfather, & the Godmothers gaue, wer borne before the child by foure persones, that is to saie: First sir Ihon Dudley, bare the gift of the Lady of Excester: the lorde Thomas Haward the younger, bare the gift of the lady of Dorset: the lorde Fitzwater, bare the gift of the Lady of Norffolk, and the Erle of Worcester, bare the gift of the Archebishop of Cantorbury, and all the one side as thei went, was full of staffe Tor∣ches, to the nomber of fiue hundred, borne by the garde and other of the kynges seruauntes, and about the child were borne, many other proper torches borne by gentlemen: and in this ordre thei brought the princes, to the Quenes chamber, and taried there a while, with his brethren the Aldermen, and at the last the Dukes of Norffolke and Suffolke, came out from the Kyng, thankyng theim hartely, and commaunded theim to geue them thankes in his name: and from thence thei wer had to the sel∣ler to drynke, and so went to their Barges.

This yere also, one Pauier* 15.240 toune clerke of the citee of London, han∣ged himself, whiche surely was a man, that in nowise could abide to here that the Gospell should bee in Englishe, and I my self heard hym once saie to me & other that wer by, swearyng a great othe, that if he thought the kynges highnes, would set furth the scripture in Englishe, and set it be red of the people by his aucthoritie, rather then he would so long liue he would cut his awn throte, but he brake promes, for as you haue hard he hanged hymself: but of what mynde and intent he so did, God iudge.

About this season was espied a newe founde Saincte, & holy Hypocrite, called the maide of Kent, whiche by the greate labor, dilig••nce, and pain takyng of tharch••bishop of Cantorbury, and the lorde Cromewell, and one called Hugh Latimer a prieste (whiche shortly after was made Bi∣shop of Worce••••er) the iugglyng and craftie decept of this maide, was manifested and brought to light: wherupon after diuerse examinacions, she with all her adherentes, wer in Nouember brought to the starre chā∣ber: the names of them all shall folowe,* 15.241 firste Elizabeth Barton, whiche was she that called her self y^e holy maide of Kent, Richard Master priest person of Aldyngton in the Countie of Kent, Edward Bockyng doctor in Diuinite, Mo••ke of Cantorbury, Richarde Deryng Monke also of Cantorbury, Edward Twaites gentleman, Thomas Laurēce register to tharchedeacon of Cantorbury, Henry Gold person of Aldermary ba∣chiler or Diuinite, Hugh Riche Frier Obseruaunt, and Richard Risby, Thomas Gold gentleman. These all beeyng in the starre chāber, before diuerse of the kynges counsaill, confested their feined hipocrisy, and dis∣simuled sanctitee, and treit••rous purposes and intentes, and then was there by the kynges counsaill adiudged, to stand at Paules crosse, wher thei with their aw••e handes, should seuerally deliuer eche of them to the preacher that should bee appoynted, a bill declaryng their subtile, craf∣tie and supersticious doynges. Whiche thyng the nexte Sondaie after, thei all aboue rehersed, standyng on a stage at Paules Crosse, made for that purpose did accomplishe: but for their treasons committed, the mat∣ter therof was respited to the Parliamet nexte folowyng, where all thei abouesaid, with other as after ye shall here, wer attainted by act of par∣liam••t, and suffered death as traitors, by hangyng, drawyng, and quar∣teryng at Tyborne.

In September the kyng of Scottes, sent his Commissioners to the toune of Newe Castle, where wer for the kyng of Englande commissio∣ners sir Thomas Clifford, and doctor Magnus, and sir Raufe Elder∣kare. And first the Scottes without any long communicacion, demaun∣ded greate amendes, saiyng, that the Englishmen had robbed and spoy∣led theim to their losse, and that greatly, and saied that the kyng of En∣gland of his honor, must nedes make satisfaccion, if he would be called honorable. Then it was answered, that notwithstandyng the leagues, written, sealed and sworne, the Scottishe naciō would neuer kepe peace in somuch, while we be here in treatyng, your people are robbyng: wher∣fore the kyng demaundeth of you, the goodes and prisoners taken con∣trary to the peace, wherof we here deliuer you a writyng, which the Scot∣tes receiued, and at their next metyng thei saied, that the shippes to them wer lawfull prises, by reason that therle of Anguishe, was maintened in Englande, whiche is rebel to our kyng, and therle and you haue doen to vs muche skathe, & we haue taken a few shippes, in recompence of some pa••t of our greate losses, whiche we maie not deliuer, & therfore, we parie you demaunde theim not: but here wee deliuer you our boke, whiche a∣mounteth

to a greater somme by tenne thousande marke. The Englishe commissioners receiued the boke, and in thesame the Scottes demaun∣ded, recompence for burnyng their tounes, and destroiyng many of their strong Piles, aboue .xxiiii, whiche were destroyed from the .xxiiii. daie of Aprill, in the laste .xxiiii. yere of the kyng, to the .xxx. daie of Aprill. The Englishe cōmissioners answered, that if the Scottes would send to the kyng of Englāde, thei doubted not, but thei should haue a good answer for the kyng of Englande bad hym chose peace or warre: so thei agreed to sende to bothe their kynges letters of their doynges, whiche in haste was dooen. And after muche suite of the Scottes parte, when thei had muche demaunded, and litle or nothyng was graunted, thei then beyng wery of warre desired peace, whiche was concluded, duryng bothe the kynges liues, and the twentie daie of Maie, in the next yere of the kyng folowyng, it was openly Proclaimed, to the greate comforte and reioy∣syng of all louers of peace.

The .xviii. daie of December, the Duke of Suffolke was sent by the kyng and his counsaill, to Bugden beside Huntyngdon, where the lady Katheryne Princes Dowager laye. For the Kyng was aduertised, and had good proues of thesame, that she of froward mynde would consent, neither to the determinacion of the Uniuersities, nor yet to the sentence of the whole conuocacion of the realme, but beyng counsailed by a fewe Spaniardes, whiche had litle lernyng, did all that she could to infringe the determinacion of thesaid Uniuersities and clergie. In somuche that she wrote to the Pope, and to other potentates, to greue the Kyng and his realme, because he would not folowe her mynd, and breake the com∣maundement of God. Wherefore the Kynges counsaill mocioned the kyng, that suche as wer about her, and moued her thereto, should be put from her, for thei thought it no reason, that she should haue suche liber∣tie to woorke that ••hyng, by the whiche the kyng ans his realme, might haue detriment or damage. Wherefore thesaied Duke was sent to her, whiche shewed to her openly, Articles of her suites to the Pope, and howe she soughte meanes to greue the Kyng and his Realme, whiche hereafter she should not be suffered to dooe. For thesame tyme was a Cursse sent from the Pope,* 15.242 whiche accurssed bothe the Kyng, and the whole Realme, whiche Cursse the bearer thereof, beeyng not by like thē hardiest manne that euer shewed hymself in front of battaill, thought it a greate deale more better for hym to bestowe it without the Kynges reche, then to aduenture to come within his Dominions, and therefore set it vp in the Toune of Dunkercke in Flaunders, where it was taken doune by Wyllyam Locke, Mercer of London.* 15.243 The Quene answe∣red the Duke very highly and obstinately, with many high woordes, and sodainly in a fury she departed from hym, into her priuie Chamber and shutte the doore. He seeyng that, brake all the ordre of the Quenes Courte, and discharged a greate sorte of her housholde seruauntes, and yet lefte there a conuenient nomber, to serue her like a Princes. There

was greate lamentacion emong theim that departed, but there was no remedy. Then thei that remaigned to serue her, were sworne to serue her as a Princes Dowager, and not as Quene, some saied thei were sworne to her as Quene, and otherwise thei would not serue, and so thei depar∣ted. Other that wer sworne to serue her as Princes, and remained there, she them vtterly refused for her seruauntes, wherfore she remained with the lesse nomber of seruauntes.

The kyng kept his Christmas at Grenewiche, with greate solempni∣tee, and after Christmas beganne the Parliament. In whiche Parlia∣ment Elizabeth Barton, the holy Maide of Kent, with all her adheren∣tes, of whom ye haue heard before, was attaynted. And because her of∣fences, were bothe against God and the kyng, so greate and wicked, that the like was neuer heard nor knowen before, I will declare vnto you the processe of her matter, in suche maner as the truthe thereof, is decla∣red in her attainder, by Acte of Parliament. Firste thesaied Elizabeth Barton (beeyng a Nonne professed in the house and Priory of Sainct S••pulcres of Cauntorbury) whiche long before ••he was professed Nonne, dwelled with one Thomas Cobbe, in the Parishe of Aldyng∣ton, in the Countie of Kent, and happened to bee visited with sickenes, and by occasion thereof, brought in suche debilitie and weakenes of her brayne, because she could not eate ne drynke, by a long space, that in the violence of her infirmitie, she semed to bee in Traunses, and spake and vttered many foolishe and Idle woordes. And one Richarde Master, Clerke, beeyng Persone of thesaied Parishe of Aldyngton, in thesaied Countie of Kent, after that he had made to the late Archebishoppe of Cauntorbury, a farre and a larger reporte, concernyng the Hypocrisy, traunses and speaches of thesaied Elizabeth, then he could iustifie and abide by, and after that he was commaunded by thesaied Archebishop, to geue good attendaunce vpō her, if she shoud fortune to haue any ••••o suche traunses and speaches, and to sende hym knowlege thereof, to the intent to mainteigne, vphold and verefy, suche reporte as he had made, aswell to the Archebishoppe aforesaied, as to other, of the wounderfull traunses and speaches of thesaied Nonne, he falsely and craftely infor∣med thesaid Elizabeth, that the merueilous wordes whiche she spake in her traunses, afore his ridyng to the Archebishop aforsaied, proceded of the inspiracion of the holy ghost, and that she was greatly to be blamed if she would hide or dissemble the wonderfull workes of God shewed to her: for afore this his saied informacion and instruccion, she saied con∣stantly, that she could not remember, that she spake any suche notable wordes in her traunses, as were reported vnto her, by thesaied Richard Master. Whiche Elizabeth beeyng in this maner of wise, often tymes perswaded, procured and informed, by thesaied Persone of Aloyngton, tooke boldenes and courage to forge, feigne, and counterfeat suche ma∣ner of Tra••••ses, and craftie speaches, as thesaied Persone of Aldyng∣ton told her, that she vsed in her sickenes, afore he went to thesaid Arch∣bishoppe.

And when thesaid Elizabeth had vsed, this false, feigned coū∣terfeatyng for a ceason, and was perfecte therein (so that the fame there∣of, was greatly spred abroade, in those parties) then thesaied Person, to the intent aforsaid, and to the intent the people, should geue more faithe and credite vnto her, and because he would haue increased, the deuocion of the people, in commyng on pilgrimage to a Chapell, set in Courte at Stete, within thesaied Parishe, dedicate in the honour of our Lady, for his awne lucre and auauntage, imagined, deuised, compassed, and de∣clared, with the aide, helpe, and counsaiill of one Edwarde Bockyng Monke, professed in the Monastery in Christes Churche in Cauntor∣bury, and Doctor in Diuinitee, that thesaied Elizabeth, beyng in the ex∣tasy and extremitie of her sickenes, in a maner distract in traūses, should saie emongest other wounderfull woordes, that she should neuer take healthe of her body, till suche tyme as she had visited the Image of our Lady, beeyng in thesaied Chapell at Courte at Strete aforesaied: and that our Lady had appered vnto her, and shewed her, that if she came to thesaied Chapell, at the daie appoynted, she should be restored to her health by Miracle, where in very deede, she was restored to her perfecte health, by diet and Phisike, and by the course of nature, whiche expelled the matter, beyng cause of her sickenes, in the meane tyme while thesaid person of Aldyngton, was with the Archebishoppe, as is afore rehersed. And albeit thesaied Elizabeth, was restored to her healthe, yet she bee∣yng accustomed and acquainted, with the maner and fashion, of her di∣stracte Traunses, by the counsaiell, conspiracie, and confede••a••ie of thesaied Edwarde Bockyng, and Richarde Master, did falsely pra∣ctise, vse and shewe vnto the people, diuerse and merueilous sondery alteracions, of her sensible partes of her body, craftely vtteryng in her saied feigned and false Traunses, diuerse and many verteous and ho∣ly woordes, tendyng to the rebuke of synne, and in reprouyng of suche newe opinions, as then beganne to spryng in this Realme, whiche she called Heresyes, as she was induced and taught, by thesaied Edwarde Bockyng and Richarde Master, vsyng all the waies of false Hypocri∣sy, to the intent the people should geue belefe and credence vnto her, whereby thei might bee the soner brought, into the detestable crymes of blasphemie and Idolatrie, agaynste almightie GOD. And thesaied Edwarde Bockyng, beeyng maliciously fixed in his opinion, agaynste the Kynges highnes, in his detested Matrimonie with Quene Kathe∣ryne, and intendyng in his mynde, afterwardes for his parte, falsely and Trayterously to vse thesaied Elizabeth, as a Diabolicke instru∣ment, to stirre, moue, and prouoke the people of this Realme aswell no∣bles as other, to murmoure and grudge, agaynste the Maiestie of oure Soucreigne Lorde, and all his iuste and Lawfull procedynges, in thesaied Deuorce and feperacion, as after he did in very deede: for the accomplishyng of his saied false, malicious and Trayterous inten∣tes,

falsely deuised and conspired, with thesaied Richarde, that thesaied Elizabeth should shewe and manifest her self, to the people, to bee an ex∣cellent verteous and an holy woman, and that all her woordes and dee∣des, should appere to the worlde, to procede of a maru••ilous holines, rebukyng the common synnes and vices of the worlde, as though she were taught and inspired, of the holy spirite of God. And not onely mo∣ued and counsailed thesaied Elizabeth, thus to vse her self, surmittyng to her that she spake suche thynges, in the extasy of her sickenes, that came by the inspiracion of God, but also counsailed and procured the∣saied Elizabeth, to bee brought and conueighed, to thesaied Chapell of oure Lady, and therein openly in the presence of the people, (that there should be assembled by their procurementes) should vse and experiment suche like Traunses, and alteracions of her face, and other the outward sensible partes of her body, as she vsed in the extremitie and extasy of her sickenes. To whose counsailes and aduertisementes, thesaied Eliza∣beth agreed. Whereupon at a daie by them appoynted and agreed, the∣saied Edward and Richard, laboured, solicited, and procured, aboue the nomber of twoo thousande persones, to repaire to thesaied Chapel, sur∣mittyng that thesaied Elizabeth, whiche as thei saied, had marueilous and many Uisions and Reuelacions of God, should bee broughte the∣ther, and there receiue her healthe, by Miracle of oure Lady, whose I∣mage was in thesaied Chapell. By reason of whiche false, feigned and detestable conspiracy and Hypocrysy, at the daie by theim appoynted, there assembled to thesaied Chapell, aboue the nomber of twoo thou∣sande people. At whiche daie also, thesaied Edwarde Bockyng, and Ri∣charde Master procured, and caused thesaied Elizabeth, to repaire to thesaied Chapell, where thesaied Elizabeth, albeit she at that tyme, and long afore was restored to healthe of her bodie, and discharged of her tormentes and affliccions, whiche she had in the extasy of her sickenes: Yet neuertheles by the procurement and craftie counsaill of thesaied Edwarde Bockyng, and Richard Master, did falsely feigne and shewe vnto the people in thesame Chapell, many alteracions of her face, and other outward sensible partes of her body, and falsely feigned and she∣wed her self in Traunces, vtteryng wonderous woordes, as she was before subtelly and craftely induced and taught, by thesaied Richarde and Edwarde to dooe. And emonges other thynges she vttered, that it was the pleasure of God, that thesaied Edwarde Bockyng, should bee her ghostly father, and that she should bee a Religious woman, as she was taught by thesaied Edward Bockyng, and Richard Master. And within a while after demonstracion, of suche false feigned and dissimu∣led traunces, she appered to the people, to bee sodainly reueled from her sickenes and affliccions, by the intercession and meanes of the Image of oure Lady, beeyng in thesame Chapell. By meanes of whiche false feigned Hypocrysy, dissimuled and cloked Sanctitee, so conspired and craftely imagined by thesaied Edwarde Bockyng, and Richarde Ma∣ster,

thesaied Elizabeth was brought into a meruellous fame, credite and good opinion, of a greate multitude of the people of this Realme. And to increase the ••ame of thesaid false feigned Hypocrisy, thesaid Eli∣zabeth after wardes, by the counsaill and procurement of thesaied Ed∣warde Bockyng, entered into Religion, and became a Nonne, pro∣fessed in thesaied Priory of Sainct Sepulchres, to whom thesaied Ed∣warde Bockyng, had commonly his resorte, not without probable, ve∣hement, and violent suspicion of incontinencie, pretendyng to bee he•• Ghostly father, by Goddes appoyntment. And by conspiracy betwene her and him, caused her still to persist and abide, in the practisyng of her said false hipocrisy, and dissimulyng traunces and raptes. And that she should surmit to the people, that when she was in suche simuled altera∣ciō, of her sensible partes of her body, that she was then rapt by almigh∣tie God, from thaffeccions of this worlde, and tolde by the holy spirite of God, many thynges that should folowe to the worlde, for punishement of the synnes of the princes and the people. And that she should also 〈◊〉〈◊〉 that she was muche prouoked & tempted, aswell to the synne of the fleshe as otherwise, by her ghostly enemie the deuill, at diuerse and sondry ty∣mes, and in diuerse and sondery waies and fashions. And yet neuer the∣les that she by the grace of almightie God was preserued, and stedfastly resisted suche temptacion. By occasion of whiche counsaill and procure∣ment, of thesaid Edward Bockyng, thesaid Elizabeth by continuaunce of tyme, toke suche a courage vpon her, that she falsely feined and saied, that she had many reuelacions, of almightie God and his holy saincte••, with heuenly lightes, heuenly voyces, heuenly melodies and ioyes, and specially in a chapell of .s. Giles, in thesaid Nonnery, to the whiche cha∣pell, she often tymes resorted, to receiue visions and reuelacions, as cō∣maunded by God, as she falsely reported, and specially by night saiyng, that the Dorture doore was made open to her by Goddes power, vtte∣ryng thesame, aswell to thesaied Edward Bockyng, as to diuerse other persones. By the whiche her false feined reuelacions, & cloked hipocrisy, she was reputed emongest many people of this realme, to be a very holy woman, inspired with God, where in very deede, she neuer had vision or reuelacion from God, as she hath plainly and openly, confessed her self. And therefore her stealyng furthe of the Dorture in the nighte, whiche was not once or twise wekely was not for spiritual busines, nor to re∣ceiue reuelaciōs of God, but rather for bodely cōmunicaciō & pleasure with her frēdes, which could not haue so goodleasure & oportunite with her by daie. Andfor ratificaciō of her false feined reuelaciōs, thesaid Ed¦ward by cōspiracy, betwene him & thesaid Elizabeth, reueled thesame to the most reuerēt father, Willyā late Archbishop of Cātorbury, who by false & vntrue surmises, tales and lies of thesaid Edward & Elizabeth, was allured, brought and induced to credite theim, and made no dili∣gent serches, for the triall of their saied falsehodes, and consideracions, but suffered and admitted thesame, to the blasphemie of almightie

god, and to the great deceit of the prince, and people of this realme. And for a perpetuall memory of thesaid feined and dissimuled hipocrisy, and false reuelacions of thesaied Elizabeth, thesaied Edward Bockyng, Ri∣chard Master, and one Ihon Deryng; a Monke in thesaid Monastery of Christes churche a forsaied, made, writ, and caused to be written, son∣dery bokes bothe greate & small, bothe printed and written, concernyng the perticularities of thesaied false and feined hipocrisy, and reuelaciōs of thesaid Elizabeth, or the defēce or great praise of thesame: surmittyng and puttyng furth thesame false and feined practises, and reuelaciōs of thesaid Elizabeth, to be iust & true miracles, shewed by almightie God, in the fauor of the sanctitee of thesaid Elizabeth, where in dede thei been and wer falsely deuised, compassed, cōspired, written and mainteined by thesaid Elizabeth Barton, Edward Bockyng, Richard Master, & Ihō Deryng, to thonly intēt to bryng thesaid Elizabeth, in the fame and cre∣dite of the people of this realme, wherby the people should the more bee apt and disposed, by her false cloked hipocrisy and sanctitee, to commit the crimes of blasphemy, and ydolatrie against God, and also the soner induced, by the false reuelacions of thesaied Elizabeth to murnor, and grudge, and be of euill opinion, against the Maiestie of our souereigne lorde, to the great perill and daūger of his moste royall person. And one Edward Thwaites gētleman, trāslated and wrote diuerse quaiers, and shetes of paper, concernyng thesaid false feined reuelacions, of thesaied Elizabeth. Also one Thomas Laurence of Cantorbury, beyng regester to tharchebishop of Cantorbury, at thinstance and desire of thesaid Ed∣ward Bockyng, wrote a greate boke of thesaied false & feined miracles, and reuelacions of thesaid Elizabeth in a faire hand, redy to bee a copie to the printer, when thesaied boke should be put to stampe.

Emonges whiche false and feined reuelacions, surmised by thesaied Elizabeth, and put in writynges in diuerse bokes, by the false cōspiracie meanes and procurement of thesaid Edward Bockyng, Richard Ma∣ster, Ihon Deryng, and other their complices, there is expressed that the deuill should appere, to thesaied Elizabeth in diuerse fashions, somety∣mes like a man wantonly appareiled, sometyme like a birde deformed, and sometyme otherwise. And that Mary Magdalene, should often a∣pere to thesaied Elizabeth, and reuele to her many reuelacions. And at one tyme should deliuer vnto her, a letter written in heuen, part wherof was limmed with golden letters, where in deede thesame letters were written with the hande of a Monke of sainct Augustines in Cantorbu∣ry named Hawkhurst.

There was also written and cōteined, emongest thesaid false and fei∣ned miracles & reuelaciōs, that when the kynges highnes was at Calice in thenteruewe, betwene his maiestie and the Frenche kyng, and heryng Masse in the Churche of our Lady at Calice, that God was displeased with the kynges highnes, that his grace sawe not at the Masse the bles∣sed Sacrament in fourme of bread: for it was taken awaie frō the priest

(beyng at Masse) by an Angell, and ministered vnto thesaid Elizabeth, then beyng there present and inuisible, and sodainly conueighed & rapt thence again, by the power of God into thesaied Nonnery, where she is professed, with many other false feined fables, and tales deuised, conspi∣red and defended by thesaid Elizabeth, Edward Bockyng & Ihon De∣ryng, writcē as miracles in thesaid bokes for a memorial, to set furth the false and feined hypocrisy, and cloked sanctitee of thesaied Elizabeth, to the people of this realme, as by thesaied sondery bokes and writynges therof made, seen and examined by the kynges moste honorable coūsaill more plainly ape••eth: in whiche bokes be written such termes & sentēces of reproch and slaunder, against the kynges highnes & the quene, which wer to shameful to be writtē against the most vile & vngracious persōs liuyng, whiche to here, would abhorre euery true subiect of this realme.

And after thesaid Elizabeth by suche her false & feined hipocrisy, and dissimuled sanctitee, was brought in a great brute and fame of the peo∣ple, in sondry parties of this realme, then thesaid Edward Bockyng by procurement & secret conspiracy, of diuerse persones vnknowen, whiche maligned against the kynges procedynges, for the seperacion & deuorse in thesaied detested & vnlawfull mariage, traiterously intendyng to put the kynges highnes in a murmor, and euil opinion of his people, for the¦same counsailed and s••irred thesaid Elizabeth, that she should aske a pe∣ticiō of almightie God, to knowe whether God was displeased with the kynges highnes, for procedyng in thesaid deuorce, and seperacion of the mariage betwene his highnes, and thesaied lady Katherin, declaryng to her many tymes, that he & diuerse other learned men of this realme, and many of the common people of thesame, were in firme opinions that the kynges procedyng in thesaied deuorce, was against the lawes of God. Wherupon thesaid Elizabeth subtlely and craftely, concerning the opi∣nion and mynd of thesaied Edward, willyng to please hym, reueled and shewed vnto thesaied Edward, that she had knowlege by reuelacion frō God, that God was highly displeased with our souereigne lorde, for the same matter And in case he desisted not from his procedinges, in thesaid deuorce and seperacion, but pursued thesame & maried again, that then within one moneth after suche mariage, he should no lenger by kyng of this realme: & in the reputacion of almightie God, should not be a king one daie, nor one houre: and that he should dye a villeines death: saiyng farther, that there was a roote with .iii. braunches, & til thei wer plucked vp, it should neuer be mery in England: interpretyng the roote to be the late lord Cardinal, and the first braunche to be the kyng our souereigne lorde, the secōd the duke of Norffolke, and the .iii. the duke of Suffolk. Whiche false feined reuelaciōs, by the mischeuous & malicious coūsail and conspiracie of thesaid Edward Bockyng, with y^• said Elizabeth, wer written and expressed, in thesaied bokes and volumes, conteignyng the false and feined reuelacions and Miracles, of thesaied Elizabeth, for a perpetuall memory thereof, to the vtter reproche and perell of destruc∣cion

of the Kynges persone, his honor, fame and name▪ and priuely and secretly, set furthe by thesaied Elizabeth, Edward Bockyng, Ihon De∣ryng, and Richarde Master generally to diuerse and many of the kyn∣ges subiectes, and specially as to electe persones, to Ihon Bishoppe of Rochester, and Ihon Adeson clerke, chapelain to thesaied bishop, and to one Henry Gold priest, bacheler of Diuinitee, to Hugh Riche Frier Ob∣seruaunt, and late Wardein of the Friers Obseruauntes of Cantorbu∣ry, whiche beare malice and malignitie, to all the kynges procedynges, in thesaied deuorse and seperacion, because it was contrary to their per∣uerse and froward opinions, intendyng by colour of thesaied false and feined hypocrisy, and reuelacions of thesaied Elizabeth, not onely to let thesaied deuorse and seperacion, but also to bryng and set furth secretly, in the heddes of the people of this realme, aswel nobles as other, that al the kynges actes and procedynges in thesame, were against holy scrip∣tures, and the pleasure of almightie God: whereby the kynges highnes should be brought in a grudge, and euill opinion of his people. And the¦saied Ihon Bishoppe of Rochester, Henry Gold, Hugh Riche, Richard Risby, Richard Master, Ihon Deryng, at sondery and seuerall tymes and places, spake with thesaid Elizabeth, and toke relacion of her, of the¦saied false and feined reuelacions, whiche she feined that she had of al∣mightie God, aswell concernyng the kynges highnes as other, after the fourme and termes aboue specified. And hauyng knowlege therof, the∣saied Hugh Riche, Richard Risby, and Henry Golde clerke, gaue suche firme and constant credite thereunto, that thei Trayterously conceled it frō the kynges highnes, and trayteroyusly beleued in their hartes, that the Kyng our souereigne Lorde, a••ter the late mariage solempnized, be∣twene his highnes, and his moste dere and entierly beloued wife Quene Anne, was no lenger rightfull kyng of this realme, in the reputacion of almightie God, whereby in their hartes & willes, thei trayterous••y with∣drewe from his highnes, their naturall dueties of obedience: and secret∣ly taught and moued other persones (to whom thei reueled thesaid false and ••eined reuelacions) that thei ought and might lawfully doo in the∣same wise: and practised thesaied matters, against the kynges Maiestie, falsely, maliciously, and trayterously, at sōdery places and tymes, with the fathers, and Nonnes of Syon, and diuerse Monkes of the Charter house of London and Shene, and with diuerse Freers Obseruauntes, the places of Richemont, Grenewiche, and Cauntorbury, and to diuerse other, bothe spirituall and temporall persones in greate nomber, to the intent to sowe a secret murmor and grudge, in the hartes of the Kynges subiectes, against the Maiestie of our souereigne lorde, and all his pro∣cedynges, in thesaied diuorse and seperacion, intendyng therby to make suche a diuision and rebellyng in this realme, emongest the kinges sub∣iectes, whereby the kynges highnes, should not onely haue been put to peril of his life, but also in ieoperdy to be depriued from his croune and dignitie royall.

And for a more playne and perticuler declaracion of the malicious & trayterous intentes of the sayd Elizabeth, Edward Bockyng, Ihon Deryng, Hugh Ryche, Rychard Rysoy, & Henry Golde, they concluded by a confederacy among them selfes eche with other, to set forth in ser∣mons & prechynges thesayd reuelacions to the people of this realme a∣gainst the kynges Maiestie, whensoeuer it should please y^• sayd Eliza∣beth to appoint them the tyme when they should so do, and agreed eche with other secretely, and set forth thesayd false and fayned reuelacions to their acquayntaunce and frendes in this realme, intendyng to make a great multitude of people of this realme, by their secrete conspiracies, in an aptnes to receiue and take suche their sermons and preachynges which they intended to make, as is aforesayd, cōcernyng the premi••••es, trayterously intēdyng therby to put our sayd souereigne lorde, not only in peril of his life, but also in ieopardye of losse and depriuacion of his croune and dignitie royal of this realme, frō him & his lawfull successi∣on for euer. And in accomplishyng their false, trayterous, & malicious intentes against our sayd souereigne lorde, they caused the sayd Eliza∣beth, at ii. tymes, secretely to declare thesayd false & fayned reuelacions to ii. of the Popes Orators and ambassadors at the Cities of Caūtor∣bury and London. At whiche tyme the sayd Henry Golde tooke vpon him to be interpretor therof, betwene thesayd Elizabeth & thesayd Ora∣tors named Anthony Pulleon: and the interpretor to the other Orator named Syluester, was the foresayd Lawrence of Cauntorbury, to the entent the kynges highnes, and all his procedynges in thesayd deuorce and seperacion should be brought into an euil opinion with the Pope and other princes and Potentates. And the sayd Hugh Ryche actually trauailed to sondry places of this realme, and made secrete relacion of the premisses concernyng the kynges highnes to diuers lordes bothe spiritual and temporal, and diuers other persones lay and lerned, secu∣ler and religious. And the sayd Henry Gold ouer this, actually trauai∣led and made relacion therof to thesayd lady Katheryne princes dowa∣ger, to animate her to make commocion in this realme against our sayd souereigne lorde, surmittyng that thesayd Elizabeth should haue by reuelacion of God, that the sayd lady Katheryne should prosper & do well, and that her issue the lady Mary the kynges doughter should prosper and reigne in this realme & haue many frendes to sustaine and maintayne her. And the sayd Elizabeth and Edward Bockyng, Ihon Deryng & Richard Master likewyse actually trauailed to diuers pla∣ces in this realme and made secrete relacion of thesayd false fayned hi∣pocrysie and reuelacions of thesayd Elizabeth & gaue knowlege hereof to dyuers other sondry persones of this realme.

All whiche conspiracies and confederacies of thesayd Elizabeth, and other her complices aboue mencioned, was trayterously & maliciously deuised and practised by the sayd Elizabeth, Edward Bockyng, Ihon Deryng, Rychard Master, Henry Golde, Hugh Ryche, and Rychard

Rysby to the entent trayterously to destroy our sayd souereigne lorde, and to depriue him and his lawfull succession frō the croune & dignitie royall of this realme, whiche matter hath been practised and imagined amongest them for the space of many yeres: whereof the whole circum∣staunce were very long to be written in this acte. And the sayd Ihon Fysher bishop of Rochester and one Thomas Gold gentleman, and the¦sayd Thomas Laurence, Edward Thwaytes, and Ihon Adeson cha∣pelein to thesayd Ihon bishop of Rochester, hauyng knowlege of the false fained and dissimuled reuelacions, trayterously cōspired against our sayd soueraigne lorde (as is aforesayd) did neuerthelesse make con∣celement therof, and vttered not the same to our sayd souereigne lorde, nor any his honorable counsail, against their dueties and allegeaunce in that behalfe.

And furthermore, the sayd Thomas Gold, for the accomplishement of his most trayterous intent, hath of late been a messenger frō thesayd Elizabeth, sithen she was in warde in the Tower of London for thesayd moste false and trayterous offences by her and her sayd complices com¦mitted and done, he then beyng at libertie, by his message hath comfor∣ted dyuerse others to stande stifly by her reuelacions, that they were of God: notwithstādyng that she had confessed all her sayd falshed before diuers of the kynges counsailours, and that they were manifestly pro∣ued, found, and tryed moste false and vntrue: whiche thyng he did only to raise and put sedicion and murmur in the people against the kynges highnes, his croune and dignitie royal. And one Thomas Abel clerke beyng of the confederacie aforesayd, and takyng suche ••irme & constant credite to thesayd fals and fayned reuelacions and miracles of thesayd Nonne, not onely caused to be Printed and set forth in this realme dy∣uers bookes against thesayd deuorce and separacion to the disslaunder of our sayd souereigne lord, but also animated thesayd lady Katherine obstinatly to persist in her wilful opinion against thesame deuorce and separacion: and after thesayd deuorce lawfully had, to vsurpe and take vpon her still to be quene, and procured diuers writynges to be made by her, by the name of Quene: and also procured and abbetted the ser∣uauntes of thesayd Lady Katheryne against the kynges expresse com∣maundement and proclamacion, to name, call, accept, & repute thesayd lady Katherine for quene of this realme to the intent to make a cōmon diuision and rebellion in this realme to the great peril and daunger of our sayd souereigne lorde.

Thus muche haue I recited vnto you out of the act as it is there ex∣pressed worde for worde: now after foloweth the maner of her attainder and of the other as in the act more at large doeth appeare. But to con∣clude the xxi. day of April next folowyng she with other were drawen to Tyborne and there executed as mooste iustly they had deserued as you may perceiue by the premisses.

And at the place of execucion, and the present tyme that she suffered

she sayd these wordes,* 15.244

hether am I come to dye, and I haue not been the onely cause of myne owne death whiche moste iustly I haue deserued, but also I am the cause of the death of all these persones whiche at this tyme here suffre: & yet to say the trueth, I am not somuche to be blamed cōsideryng it was well knowen vnto these lerned men y^• I was a poore wenche without learnyng and therefore they might haue easely percei∣ued that the thinges that were done by me could not procede in no suche sorte, but their capacities and learnyng could right well iudge from whence they proceded, and that they wer altogether fayned: but because the thynges whiche I fayned was proffitable vnto them, therfore they muche praised me and bare me in hande that it was the holy ghost and not I that did theim, and then I beyng puft vp with their praises fell into a certain pryde and folishe phantasie with my selfe and thought I might fayne what I would, whiche thing hath brought me to this case, and for the whiche now I cry God & the kynges highnes most heartely mercy, and desire all you good people to pray to God to haue mercy on me and on all them that here suffre with me.

In this parliament also was made the act of succession for the suertie of the croune, to the whiche euery persone beyng of lawfull age should be sworne vpon the payne expressed in that acte, as in thesame ye may moste euidently see.

Monday the xxiii. day of Marche in the Parliament tyme, were so∣lempnely receiued into London as ambassadors from Iames the v. kyng of Scottes, the bishop of Aberdyne, the Abbot of Kynlos & Adam Otterborne the kynges A••turney, with diuers gentlemen on them at∣tēdant whiche were brought to the Taylers hall and there lodged. And on the day of the Annunciācion of our Lady they were brought to the kynges place at Westminster, where they shewed their commission and message, for the whiche the kyng appointed them dayes to coūsail. And shortly after commissioners were appointed as you shall heare.

Duryng the Parliament tyme, euery sonday preached at Paules crosse a bishop, whiche declared the Pope not to be the head of the Churche.

The xxx. day of Marche the Parliament was proroged, and there euery lorde and burges and all other, were sworne to the act of successi∣on, and subscribed their handes to a Parchement fixed to thesame othe. This Parliament was proroged till the third day of Nouember next. After this, commissions were sent ouer all England to take the othe of all men and women to the act of succession, at whiche fewe repyned, ex∣cept doctor Ihon Fysher, sir Thomas Moore knight late lorde Chaū∣celor, and doctor Nicholas Wylson parson of saint Thomas Apostles in London: wherfore these thre persones, after long exhortacion to them made by the bishop of Cauntorbury at Lambeth, and expresse denyall of them to be sworne, they were sent to the Tower where they remayned and were oftentymes mocioned to be sworne: but the Bishoppe and sir

Thomas More sayd that thei had in their writynges written the prin∣ces dowager Quene, and therfore they might not go against that, and the doctor sayd that he in preachyng called her quene, whiche he would not withsay, howbeit at length he was very wel contented, and dissem∣bled the matter and so escaped: But the other twayne stode against all the realme in their opinion.

In this yere it chaunced that two marchaunt straūgers fell in loue* 15.245 with a harlot whiche was called Wolfes wyfe, & this harlot had often h••unted the straungers chambers. And so one tyme thesame harlot ap∣pointed these st••aūgers to come to Westminster, and she had prepar••d for them a bote, in the whiche bote was but one manne to rowe whiche was a ••trong the••e, and in the ende of the boate laye Wolfe her husbād couered with a lether that botemen vse to couer their Cusshyns with, and so these straungers satte them doune mistrustyng nothing, & when this boteman had brought theim as farre as a place that is called the Turnyng tree, sodainly stepped vp the sayd Wolfe & with his dagger thrust the one of them thorow, the other cryed out to saue his life and offred a great somme of money to the boteman and him to saue his life, but no proferres 〈◊〉〈◊〉 be heard, nor mercy would they extende, but as cruel murderers without pitie slew the other also and bound theim face to face and so threw them into the Thames in the foresayd place, where they were long after before they were found. But immediatly the harlot Wolfes wyfe went to the straungers chambers & toke f••ō thence so muche as she could come by. And at the last she and her husband as they deserued, were apprehen∣ded, arraigned & hanged at the foresayd tu••nyng tree, where she hanged still and was not cut doune, vntil suche tyme as it was knowen that beastly and filthy wretches had moste shamefully abused her beyng dead.

The .xxvi yere.

THe nynth day of Iuly was the lorde Dacres of the North arreigned at Westminster of high treason,* 15.246 where the duke of Norffolke sat as iudge and high Steward of Englād. The sayd lorde Dacres beyng brought to the barre with the axe of the Tower before him, after his inditement red, not only improued thesayd inditement as false and maliciously deuised against him and answered euery part and matter therin contained, but also so manly, wittily, and directly confuted his accusors whiche there were ready to auouche their accusacions, that to their great shames, & to his great honor, he was found that day by his peres not giltie, whi∣che vndoubtedly the commons excedyngly ioyed and reioy••ed of, inso∣muche as there was in the hall at those woordes, not giltie, the greatest shoute and crye of ioy that the like no man liuyng may remembre that euer he heard.

The xiiii. day of Iuly one Ihon Frith beyng very well learned and* 15.247 had an excellent goodly witte, was brought out of the Tower where he had been long, & was there imprisoned for makyng of a booke against Purgatory: but in the meane whyle that he was there, he was required by one who heartely loued him and had a very good opinion in him, to declare to him his faith and opinion in the Sacrament of the body and bloud of Christ & that he would put thesame in writyng, whiche thyng he did. But after it chaūced that thesame persone whiche had this wri∣tyng of Ihon Frith was acquainted with a Taylor in London called Wyllyam Holt, whiche outwardely professed muche honestye, but in∣wardly was a verye spye and a verye betrayer of as many menne as he might bring in daungier. This Holt required after he had seen it, to haue this writyng, & he had it, and forthwith he presented it to sir Tho∣mas More then lorde Chaūcelor, and he immediatly made answere to thesame in writyng, whiche also by the meanes of thesayd Holt, came to the handes of Ihon Frith. Ihon Frith then perceiuyng that the thing that he was so loth to write or meddle in (for it was a matter that none could get him to talke of, sauyng suche that he as much trusted as him selfe) was nowe so farre spred abroade that it was answered vnto, after he had not a litle rebuked the negligence and folye of his frende whom he trusted, stoode to the derence of his first treatise, and made a farther declaracion of his mynde vpon thesame matter as appereth in a booke whiche beareth his name. For the whiche opinion w^t other he was after diuers and sondry examinacions (aswell at Lambeth with the Bishop of Cauntorbury as also at Croydon, and likewyse with the bishop of Wynche••••er) brought vnto the Consistory in Paules Churche in Lon∣don before diuers bishoppes, where after muche disputyng, for that he would not yelde nor submit himselfe to theim, they cōdempned him and

deliuered him to the seculer power to be brent as an heretike.

At thesame tyme was one Andrew Hewet a very simple and vtterly vnlerned yong mā a Taylor, whiche was also betrayed by the foresayd Holt: This yong man beyng in like maner accused in the Consistory before thesayd bishoppes for holding opinion against the Sacrament. One of the bishoppes asked him how he beleued in the Sacrament? he answered, he beleued therin as Master Frith did: why sayd they, doest thou not beleue that it is y^e very body of Christ really fleshe and bloud euen as he was borne of the virgyn Mari? No sayd he, why so sayd the bishop? because sayd he, that Christ byd me y^t I should not beleue them that say here is Christ and there is Christ, for ••alse Christes & false pro∣phetes shal arise to deceiue you sayth Christ. Then certain of y^• bishops smyled, and doctor Stokesley then bishop of Lōdon sayd: Frith is an heretike & is cōdempned & deliuered to the temporal power to be brent, if thou wilt not submit thy selfe & acknowlege thyne errour, thou shalt likewise be condempned & deliuered. I am content sayd he. Wylt thou not abiure thyne heresie {quod} the bishop? No sayd he, for I wil do as Ma∣ster Frith doth. Then we will condempne thee sayd y^e bishop: do so sayd he. And so they pronounced sentence on him, and deliuered him to the Shiriffes: and from thence they were sent to Newgate where they re∣mained til the xxii. day of Iuly, & that day were both brent at one s••ake in Smythfelde. Where at thesame tyme one doctor Cooke which was person of Hony Lane, & one that was the Master of the Temple, willed the people to pray no more for them then they would pray for dogges, at whiche vncharitable wordes Frith smyled & prayed God to forgeue them, and the people sore grudged at them for so saiyng.

The xiiii. day of August was a great fyer at Temple barre & diuers houses brent. And the xvi. day of thesame moneth was burned the kyn∣ges stable at Charyng crosse otherwise called the Mowse, wherin was brent many great Horses and great store of haye.

In this yere the third day of Nouēber the kynges highnes helde his high court of Parliament, in the whiche was cōcluded and made many and sondry good, wholsome, and godly statutes: but among al one spe∣cial estatute, which aucthorised the kynges highnes to be supreme head of the Churche of Englād, by the whiche the Pope with all his College of Cardinalles with all their Pardons and Indulgences was vtterly abholished out of this realme,* 15.248 God be euerlastyngly praysed therefore. In this Parliament also was geuen to the kynges highnes the fyrst frutes and tenthes of all dignities & spiritual promocions. And in the ende of the same Parliament the kynges Maiestie mooste graciously graunted (and wylled it by thesame Parliament to be established) his moste gracious and general free pardon.

This yere also came in the great Admyrall of Fraunce: whiche Ad∣myrall

was honorably receiued, and at his departyng was liberally rewarded.

In this tyme dyed the Erle of Kyldare prisoner in the Tower. And euen at thesame tyme Thomas Fitzgarard his sonne begāne to rebell against the kyng and tooke all the kynges Ordinaunce, and sent Am∣bassadors to the Emperor to haue intre••ted him to take pa••t with him. Also he slewe the bishop of Deuelyn and brent and robbed all suche as would not obeye him: But at the last he was apprehended and had as he deserued as after shall appeare.

The .xxvii. yere▪

IN the beginnyng of this yere the duke of Norffolke and the Bishop of Ely went to Caleys, and thether came the Admyral of Fraunce. And the xix. day of Iune was thre Monkes of the Charterhouse hanged, drawen, and quar∣tred at Tyborne and their quarters set vp aboute Lōdon for deniyng the kyng to be supreme head of the Churche. Their names were Exmewe, Myddlemore, and Nudigate. These men when they wer arreigned at Westminster, behaued them selfes very stifly & stubborn∣ly for hearyng their inditement red how trayterously they had spoken against the kynges Maiestie his croune and dignitie, they neither blu∣shed nor bashed at it, but very folishly & hipocritically knowleged their treason whiche maliciously thei auouched, hauyng no lernyng for their defēce, but rather beyng asked dyuers questions, thye vsed a malicious silence, thinkyng as by their examinacions afterward in the Tower of London it did appeare, for so they sayd, y^t they thought those men which was y^e lorde Crumwel & other that there satte vpon them in iudgement to be heretiques and not of the Churche of God, and therfore not wor∣thy to be either aunswered or spoken vnto. And therfore as they deser∣ued, they receiued as you haue heard before.

Also the xxii. day of thesame moneth Ihon Fysher bishop of Roche∣ster was beheaded, and his head set vpon London bridge.* 15.249 This bishop was of very many menne lamented, for he was reported to be a man of great learnyng, and a man of very good life, but therin wonderfully deceiued, for he maintained the Pope to be supreme head of y^e Church, and very maliciously refused the kynges tytle of supreme head. It was sayd that the Pope, for that he helde so manfully with him and stoode so stifly in his cause, did elect him a Cardinal, and sent the Cardinalles hat as farre as Caleys, but the head it should haue stande on, was as high as Lōdon bridge or euer the hat could come to Bishop Fysher, & then it was to late, and therfore he neither ware it nor enioyed his office.

This man as I sayd was accoumpted learned, yea, and that very no∣ta••ly learned, and yet haue you heard howe he was deceiued with Eli∣zabeth Barton that called herself the holy mayd of Kent, and no doubt so was he in the defence of that vsurped authoritie, the more pitie: won∣derful it is that a man beyng lerned should be so blind in the scriptures of God that proueth the supreme aucthoritie of princes so manyfestly. Also the vi. day of Iulye was sir Thomas More beheaded for the like* 15.250 treason be••ore rehersed, whiche as you haue heard was for the deniyng of the kynges Maiesties supremitie. This manne was also coumpted learned, & as you haue heard before he was lorde Chauncelor of Eng∣land, and in t••at tyme a great persecutor of suche as detested the supre∣macy of the bi••hop of Rome, whiche he himselfe so highly fauored that he stoode to it till he was brought to the Skaffolde on the Tower hill where on a blocke his head was striken from his shoulders and had no more harme. I cannot tell whether I should call him a foolishe wyse∣man, or a wise foolishman, for vndoubtedly he beside his learnyng, had a great witte, but it was so myngled with tauntyng and mocking, that it semed to them that best knew him, that he thought nothyng to be wel spoken except he had ministred some mocke in the communicacion, inso∣muche as at his commyng to the Tower, one of the officers demaūded his vpper garment for his fee, meanyng his goune, and he answered, he shoul•• haue it, and tooke him his cappe, saiyng it was the vppermoste g••rment that he had. Lykewise, euen goyng to his death at the Tower gate, a poore woman called vnto him and besought him to declare that he had certaine euidences of hers in the tyme that he was in e••••ice (whi∣che after he was apprehēded she could not come by) and that he would in••reate she might haue them agayn, or els she was vndone. He answe∣red, good woman haue pacience a litle while, for the kyng is so good vn¦to me that euen within this halfe houre he will discharge me of all bu∣synesses, and helpe thee himselfe. Also when he went vp the stayer on the Skaffolde, he desired one of the Shiriffes officers to geue him his hand to helpe him vp, and sayd, when I come doune againe, let me shift ••or my selfe aswell as I can. Also the hāgman kneled doune to him as∣kyng him forgeuenes of his death (as the maner is) to whom he sayd I forgeue thee, but I promise thee that thou shalt neuer haue honestie of the strykyng of my head, my necke is so short. Also euen when he shuld lay doune his head on the blocke, he hauyng a great gray beard, striked out his beard and sayd to the hangmā, I pray you let me lay my beard ouer the blocke least ye should cut it, thus w^t a mocke he ended his life.

This yere in the tyme that the kyng went his progresse, whiche was to Gloucester and so Westward, the kyng of Scottes was installed at Wynsore by the lorde Erskyn his Procurator. And in October folo∣wyng Stephyn Gardiner bishop of Winchester was sent ambassador into Fraunce where he remained thre yeres after.

In Nouember was a solempne procession through the citie of Lon∣don of all the priestes and religious in and about the citie for the reco∣ueryng of the Frenche kyng to his health. And the viii. day of Ianuary folowyng dyed the princes dowager at Kymbalton and was buried at Peterborough. Quene Anne ware yelowe for the mournyng.

And in February folowyng was quene Anne brought a bedde of a* 15.251 childe before her tyme, whiche was borne dead.

This yere in the moneth of September Wyllyam Tyndale other∣wyse called Hichyns was by the crueltie of the clergie of Louayn con∣dempned and burned in a toune besyde Bruxelles in Braband called* 15.252 Uylford. This man translated the New testament into Englishe and fyrst put it in Prynt, and likewise he translated the v. bookes of Mo∣ses, Iosua, Iudicum, Ruth, the bookes of the Kynges and the bookes of Paralipomenon, Nehemias or the fyrst of Esoras, the Prophet Io∣nas, & nomore of y^e holy scripture. He made also diuers treatises, which of many were well lyked and highly praysed, and of many vtterly dis∣pised and abhorred, and especially of the moste part of the bishoppes of this realme, who often by their great labours caused Proclamacions to be made against his bookes, and gatte them condempned and brent, aswell the Newe testament as other woorkes of his doynges. Suche as best knewe him reported him to be a very sobre man, borne vpon the borders of Wales, and brought vp in the Uniuersitie of Oxforde, and in life and conuersacion vnreprouable: and at the last beyng in Ox∣ford Luther then settyng foorth certaine woorkes against the Byshop of Rome, Tyndale occasioned by theim to searche the scriptures whe∣ther Luther sayd the trueth or no, did therby not onely himselfe attaine the knowlege of the vsurped aucthoritie of the bishop of Rome, and his supersticious and dampnable doctrynes that he had taught and pu∣blished through all Christendome, but also lamentyng the ignoraunt state that his natiue countrey of England was in, who altogether were wrapped in errours thought it his dutie, for that God had reueled the light of his Gospell to him, to bestowe his talent to the honour of God and proffite of his countrey, and thought no waye so good to reduce the people from their errour as fyrst to make theim acquayn∣ted with Goddes woorde, that they might knowe what Goddes will was that we should do, and what the bishoppe of Rome sayd that we must do: and therefore fyrst as is aforesayd, he translated into En∣glishe the Newe testament, a woorke no doubt very notable and to him verye paynefull, for that he was forced to flye his owne natiue countrey, and to lyue in a straunge lande among people that as well varyed from his maners, as the persones to him were vnknowen.

Amongest whom after great paynes by him taken, and many and dyuers treatises by him published, he was at Andwarp this yere

by one Philippes an Englisheman and then a scholar at Louayn, be∣trayed and taken, and as many sayd, not without the helpe and pro∣curement of some bishoppes of this realme: but true it is, that after he had been in prison more then a yere & almost forgotten, he was labored for by letters written by the lorde Cromwell, & then in all hast because he would recāt no part of his doynges, was burned as you haue hea••d before. But yet this report did the Procurator generall there (whiche we call here the Liuetenaunt) make of him, that he was, homo doctus, pius et bonus, that is to say, learned, godly, and good.

The fowerth day of February the kyng held his high court of Par∣liament at Westminster, in the whiche was many good and wholsome statutes and lawes made and concluded. And in this tyme was geuen vnto the kyng by the consent of the great and fatte abbottes, all religi∣ous houses that were of the value of CCC. marke and vnder, in hope that their great Monasteries should haue continued still: But euen at that tyme one sayd in the Parliament house that these were as thornes, but the great abbottes were putrified olde Okes and they must nedes folowe: & so will other do in Christendome {quod} doctor Stokesley bishop of London or many yeres be passed.

The .xxviii. yere.

ON May day were a solempne Iustes kept at Grene∣wyche, and sodainly from the Iustes the kyng depar∣ted hauyng not aboue vi. persons with him, and came in the euenyng frō Grenewyche to his place at West∣minster. Of this sodain departyng many men mused, but moste chiefely the quene, who the next day was ap∣prehended and brought frō Grenewyche to the Tower of London,* 15.253 where after she was arreigned of high treason, and con∣dempned. Also at thesame tyme was likewyse apprehended, the lorde Rocheforde brother to thesayd Quene, and Henry Norrys, Marke Smeton, Wyllyam a Bruton and sir Fraunces Weston, all of the kynges priuy chamber. All these wer likewise committed to the Tower and after arreigned and condempned of high treason. And all the gentlemen were beheaded on the Skaffolde at the Tower hyll: But the Quene was with a sworde beheaded within the Tower. And these folowyng were the woordes that she spake the day of her death whiche was the xix. day of May. 1536.

Good Christen people, I am come hether to dye,* 15.254 for accordyng to the lawe and by the lawe I am iudged to dye, and therefore I wyll speake nothyng against it. I am come hether to accuse noman, nor to speake any thyng of that wherof I am accused and condempned to dye, but I pray God saue the kyng and sende him long to reigne ouer you, for a gentler nor a more mercyfull prince was there neuer: and to me he was euer a good, a gentle, & soueraigne lorde. And if any persone will medle of my cause, I require them to iudge the best. And thus I take my leue of the worlde and of you all, and I heartely desyre you all to pray for me. O lorde haue mercy on me, to God I cōmende my ••oule. And then she kneled doune saiyng: To Christ I commende my soule, Iesu re∣ceiue my soule diuers tymes, till that her head was stryken of with the sworde. And on the Assencion day folowyng, the kyng ware whyte for mournyng.

The weke before Whitsontyde the kyng maryed lady Iane dough∣ter to the right worshipfull sir Ihon Seymer knight, whiche at Whit∣sontyde was openly shewed as Quene.

The viii. day of Iune the kyng helde his high court of Parliament in the whiche Parliament the kynges two first mariages, that is to say with the lady Katheryne, and with the Lady Anne Bulleyn were bothe adiudged vnlawful, as more at large appereth in the acte in the booke of statutes.

In the Parliament ceason lorde Thomas Hawarde without the kynges assent aff••ed the lady Margaret Douglas daughter to the quene of Scottes and nece to the kyng: for whiche presumpteous acte he was attainted of treason, and an acte made for like offendors, and so he dyed in the Tower, and she was long there as prisoner.

In the tyme of this Parliament, the bishoppes and all the clergie of the realme helde a solempne conuocacion at Paules churche in Lōdon where after much disputacion and debatyng of matters thei published a booke of religion intitled, Articles deuised by the kinges highnes &c. In this booke is specially mencioned but iii. Sacramentes, with the whiche the Lyncolneshyremen (I meane their ignoraunt priestes) were offended, and of that occasion depraued the kynges doynges. And this was their first beginnyng, as after ye shall plainly heare.

After this booke whiche passed by the kynges aucthoritie with the cō¦sent of the Clergie, was published, the whiche cōtained certaine articles of religion necessary to be taught vnto the people, and among other it specially treated of nomore then thre Sacramentes, where alwaies the people had been taught vii. Sacramentes, & beside this booke, certain Iniunccions were that tyme geuen wherby a nōber of their holy dayes was abrogated & specially suche as fell in the haruest tyme, the keping of whiche was muche to the hinderaunce of the gatheryng in of corne, haye, fruite, and other suche like necessary and profitable commodities.

These articles thus ordained and to the people deliuered.* 15.255 The inha∣bitauntes of the North partes beyng at that tyme very ignoraunt and rude, knowyng not what true religion meant, but altogether noseled in supersticion and popery, and also by the meanes of certayne Abbottes and ignorant priestes not a litle stirred and prouoked for the suppressi∣on of certain Monasteries, and for the extirpacion and a••holishyng of the byshoppe of Rome, nowe takyng an occasion at this booke, saiyng see frendes nowe is taken from vs fower of the vii. Sacramentes and shortly ye shall lese the other thre also, & thus the fayth of holy churche shall vtterly be suppressed and abholished: and therefore sodainly they spred abrode and raysed great and shamefull slaunders onely to moue the people to sedicion and rebellion, and to kyndle in the people hateful and malicious myndes against the kynges Maiestie and the Mage∣strates of the realme, saiyng let vs fully bend our selues to the mayn∣tenaunce of religion, and rather then to suffre it thus to decay euen to dye in the felde. And amongest theim also were to many euen of the nobilitie that did not a lytle prouoke and stirre vp the ignoraunt and rude people the more stifly to rebell and stand therin, faythfully promi∣syng theim bothe ayde and succour against the kyng and their owne natyue country (like foolishe and wicked menne) thynkyng by their so doyng to haue done God high pleasor and seruice. There were also certaine other malicious and busye persones who added Oyle (as the Adage sayeth) to the Fornace: These made open clamours in euery place where oportunitie serued, that Christian religion should be vt∣terly violate, dispised and set asyde, and that rather then so, it behoued and was the partes of euery true Christen manue to defende it euen to the death, and not to admit and suffre by any meanes the fayth (in the whiche their forefathers so long and so many thousande yeres haue ly∣ued and continued) nowe to be subuerted and destroyed. Among these were many priestes whiche deceiued also the people with many false fables and venemous lyes and ymaginacions (whiche could neuer en∣tre nor take place in the heart of any good man, nor faythfull subiect) saiyng that al maner of praier and fastyng & all Goddes seruice should vtterly be destroyed and taken away, that no man should mary a wyfe or be partaker of the Sacramentes, or at length should eate a piece of ••ost meate, but he should for thesame fyrst pay vnto the kyng a certain somme of money, & that they should be brought in more bondage & in a more wicked maner of life, then the Sarazins be vnder y^• great Turke. with these and suche other like errours and slaunderous tales, the peo∣ple thus instructed (or as I may trulier speake) deceiued and mocked, beyng to light or credite, incotinent to the helpe and maintenaunce of religion once established and confirmed, they stifly and stoutly did cō∣spire and agree: and in a part of Lincolneshire, first thei assembled and shortly after, ioyned into an Army, beyng (as it was supposed) of men

apte and feete for the warre, in nombre aboute twentie thousand.

Against these trayterous rebelles, with all the haste and spede that might be (after he harde thereof) the kynges toyal maiestie, in his awne proper persone, furnished with a goodly and warlike Armie, lackyng nothyng that to suche a company ••••oulde appertein, marched towarde them. But these rebelles hearyng that his maiestie was present with his power and armie royall, feared what woulde folow of this matter, and suche as were noble men and Gentlemen, that before fauored them began to withdrawe them selues, so that thei wer destitute of Capitai∣nes: and at the last thei in writyng made certayn peticions to the kyng∣es maiestie, professyng that thei neuer entended hurte toward his roy∣all persone. The kynges maiestie receiued there peticions, and made an swere vnto them as foloweth.

First we begyn and make answere to the foure and sixe articles, be∣cause vpon theim dependeth muche of the rest.* 15.256 Concernyng cho••yng of counsaylors, I neuer haue red, hard, nor knowne, that princes coun∣sailors and prelates, should be appoynted by rude and ignoraunt com∣mon people, nor that thei wer persones mete, nor of habilitie to, discerne & chose mete & sufficiēt coūsailors for a prince: how presumpteous then are ye the rude commons of one shire, and that one of the moste brute & beastly of the whole realme, & of the least experience, to fynd faute with your Prince for the electyng of his counsaylours and prelates, and to take vpon you contrarie to godes lawe and mannes lawe to rule your prince, whome ye are bounde by all lawes to obey and serue with both youre lyues, landes and goodes, and for no worldly cause to withstād? the contrarie wherof you like traytors and rebelles haue attempted & not like true subiectes as ye name youre selfes.

As to the suppression of religious houses and monastaries, we wolle that ye and all oure subiectes should well knowe that this is graunted vs by all the nobles spirituall and temporall, of this oure Realme, and by all the commons in thesame by acte of Parliament, and not set furth by any counsailor or counsaylors vpon there mere will and fantasie, as ye full falsely would perswade oure realme to beleue.

And where ye allege that the seruice of god is muche diminished, the trouth therof is contrarie, for there be no houses suppressed where god was well serued, but where most vice, mischief and abhominacion of li∣uyng was vsed, and that doth wel apere by there awne confessions sub∣cribed with ther awne handes in the tyme of their visitacions, & yet wee suffered a great many of them (more then we neded by the acte) to stand wherin if thei amend not ther liuyng, we feare, we haue more to answer for, then for the suppression of al the rest. And as for the hospitalitie for the relief of the pore, we wonder ye be not ashamed to affirme that thei haue bene a great releief of pore people, whan a great many or the most parte hath not past foure of fiue religious persons in them, and diuers but one which spēt the substaunce of the goodes of ther houses in nori∣shyng

of vice and abhominable liuyng. Now what vnkyndnes and vnnaturalitie may we impute to you and all oure subiectes that be of that mynde, that had leauer suche an vnthriftie sorte of vicious per∣sones, shoulde enioy suche possessions, profites and Emolumentes, as growe of thesaied houses, to the maintenaunce of there vnthriftie life, then wee youre naturall prince, souereigne lorde and kyng, which doth and hath spent more in youre defences of our awne, then sixe times thei be woorth? As touchyng the acte of vses, we maruaile what mad∣nes is in youre brayne, or vpon what grounde ye woulde take auctho∣ritie vpon you to cause vs to breake these lawes and statutes, which by all the nobles knightes and gentlemen of this realme (whome thesame chiefly toucheth) hath bene graunted and assented to: seyng in no maner of thynges it toucheth you the basse commons of our Realme.

Also the groundes of all those vses wer false, & neuer admitted by any lawe: but vsurped vpon the prince, contrarie to all equitie and iustice, as it hath ben openlie both disputed & declared by al the well learned men in the Realme of Englande in Westminster hall: whereby ye may well perceiue how mad and vnreasonable your demaundes be, both in that and in the rest, and how v••mete it is for vs and dishonorable, to graūt or assēt vnto, and lesse mete and decent for you in such a rebellious sorte to demaunde thesame of your prince.

As touchyng the fiftene which ye demaūd of vs to be released, think ye that we be so faintharted, that perforce ye of one shire (wer ye a great many mo) coulde compell vs with youre insurrections and suche rebel∣leous demeanor to remit thesame? or thinke ye that any man wil or may take you to be true subiectes, that first make and shewe a louyng graūt and then perforce woulde compell youre souereigne lorde and kyng to release thesame? the tyme of paiment whereof is not yet come, ye, and se∣yng thesame will not coūtreuaile the tēth peny of the charges, which we do & daily sustein for your tuicion & safegarde: make you sure, by your occasiōs of these your ingratitudes, vnnaturallnes & vnkindnes to vs now administred, ye geue vs cause whiche hath alwaies bene asmuche dedicate to your wealth as euer was kyng, not somuche to set or studie for the settyng forwarde of the same, seyng how vnkyndly and vntruly ye deale now with vs, without any cause or occasion: and doubt ye not, though you haue no grace nor naturallnes in you to consider your du∣tie of allegiaunce to youre kyng, and souereigne Lorde, the rest of oure Realme we doubt not hath: and we and thei shall so loke on this cause, that we truste it shalbe to your confusion, if accordyng to youre former letters you submit not youre selfes.

As touching the first frutes, we let you wit, it is a thing graunted vs by act of parliament also, for the supportacion of parte of the great and excessiue charges, whiche wee supporte and beare for the maintenaunce of youre wealthes and other oure subiectes: and wee haue knowen also

that ye our commons haue much complayned in tymes passed, that the moste parte of our gooddes, landes and possessions, o•• the realme, were in the spirituall mennes handes: & yet bearyng vs in hand that ye be as louyng subiectes to vs as may be, ye cannot fynd in your hartes that your prince and souereigne lorde shoulde haue any parte thereof (and yet it is nothyng preiudiciall vnto you our commons) but to rebel and vnlaufully rise agaynst youre prince, contrary to the duetie of allege∣aunce and goddes commaundement, Si••s, remembre youre folies and treiterous demeanours, & shame not your natiue countrey of England nor offend no more so greueously youre vndoubted kyng and naturall prince, which alwayes hath shewed him sel•• most louyng vnto you, and remembre your duetie of allegiaunce, and that ye are bound to obey vs youre kyng, both by goddes commaundement and law of nature.

Wherfore wee charge you eftsones vpon the forsaied bondes and pay∣nes, that ye withdraw your selfes to your awne houses, eue••y man, and no more to assemble contrarie to oure lawes and youre allegeaunces, and to cause the prouokers of you to this mischief, to be deliuered to oure liftenauntes handes, or oures, and you your selues to submit you to suche condigne ponishment as wee and oure nobles shall thinke you worthy: for doubt you not els••hat we and our nobles can nor wil suffr•• this iniurie at youre handes vnreuenged, if ye geue not place to vs of souereigntie, and shewe your selfes as bounden and obedient subiec∣tes, and nomore to entermeddle youre selues from hencefurth with the weightie affaires of the Realme, the direction whereof only apperteig∣neth to vs your kyng & suche noble men & counsailours, as we li••t to e∣lect & chose to haue the orderyng of thesame: & thus we pray vnto all mightie god, to geue you grace to do your duties, to vse your selfes to∣wardes vs like trew and faithfull subiectes, so as we may haue cause, to ordre you thereafter, and rather obediently to consent amongest you to deliuer into hādes of our liuetenaunte a hundreth persones, to be ordered accordyng to their demerites, at our will and pleasure, then by your obstinacie and wilfulnes, to put your selfes, your wiues, children, landes, goodes and cattalles, besides the indignacion of god, in the vt∣ter aduenture of totall destruction, and vtter ruine, by force and vio∣lence of the swerd.

After the Lincolneshire men had receiued this the kynges answer a∣forsaied, made to their peticiōs, eche mistrustyng other who shoulde bee noted to be the greatest medeler, euen very sodenly theibegan to shrin••, and out of hand thei were all deuided, and euery man at home in his awne house in peace: but the capitaines of these rebelles eskaped not all clere, but wer after apprehēded, and had as thei deserued: he that toke vpon him as capitain of this rowte, named him selfe capitain Cobler, but it was a Monke called Doctor Makerel, with diuerse other which afterward were taken and executed.

All these thynges thus ended, the contrey appeased, and all thinges

in quiet the kynges maiestie retired, and brake vp his army,

But se, euen within six dayes folowyng, was the kyng truly certefied that ther was a new insurrection* 15.257 made by the Northrenmen, which had assembled them selfes into a hou••e and great armye of warlikemen & wel appincted both with capitaines, horse, harneis and artillary to the nombre of fourtie thousand men, whiche had incamped theim selfes in yorkeshire: And these men had eche of theim to other bound them selfes by their othe to be faithfull and obedient to his capitaine: thei also de∣clared by their proclamaciōs solemply made, that this their insurrecci∣on, should extend no farther but only to the maintenaunce and defence of the faith of Christe and deliueraunce of holy Churche sore decaied & oppressed, and also for the furtheraūce aswel of priuate as publik mat∣ters in the realme touchyng the wealth of al the kynges poore subiectes They named this there sedicious and traiterous voiage, an holye and blessed Pilgrimage: thei had al••o certaine banners in the felde, whervp∣on was painted Christ hāgyng on the Crosse on the one side, and a cha∣lice with a paynted kake in it on the other side with diuerse other ban∣ners of like hipocresie and fained sanctitie: the souldiars also had a cer∣tain cognisaunce or badge, embroudered or set vpon the sleues of there coates which was the similitude of the fiue woundes of Christ, and in the middest thereof was written the name of our lorde, and thys the re∣bellious Guarrison of Sathan with his false and coūterfeated signes of holines set foorth and decked thē selues, only to delude and deceiue the symple and ignoraunt people.

After that the kynges highnes was credebly certefied of this new in surged insurrection, he makyng no delay in so weightie a matter, cau∣sed with al spede the Dukes of Norffolke & Suffolke, the Marques of of Excetter, the Erle of Shrewsburie with other, accompanied with his mightie & royal armye, which was of great power & strength, forthwith to set vpō the rebelles: but whē these noble capitaines & coūsailors ap∣proched the rebelles & perc••iued their n••mbre & sawe how thei wer bent to battail, thei practised with great pollicie to haue pacefied al without bloudshedyng, but the Northrenmen wer so stif necked that thei would in nowise stoupe, but stoutly stode and mayntayned there wicked en∣treprise, wherfore the nobles abouesaied perceiuyng and seyng none o∣ther way to pacefie these wretched rebelles, a greed vpon a batayll, the battail was apoincted, & y^e day was assigned: but, se y^e same night which was the night before the day of y^e battail appointed, fel a smal raine no∣thyng to speak of: but yet as it wer by a great miracle of god,* 15.258 the water which was but a very smal forde, & y^• mē in maner the day before, might haue gon dr••shod ouer, sodenly roase of suche a heigth depnes, & bredth that the like noman that ther did inhabit could tell that euer thei saw it so a fore, so that the day, euen when the houre of battail should come, it was impossible for the one armye to come at the other.

After this appointment made betwene both the ar••ies (disapointed as it is to be thought only by God, who extended his great mercie and had compassion on the great nombre of innocent persones, that in that deadly sla••ghter had like to haue bene murdered) coulde take no place: Then, by the great wisedome and pollecy of thesaied capitaines, a com¦municacion was had, and a pardon of the kynges Maies••ie obteined, for al the Captaines and chief doers of this insurreccion, and thei pro∣mised that suche thynges as thei founde theim selues agreued with all thei shoulde gently be harde, and there reasonable peticions graunted and that there articles should be presented to the kinges Maies••ie, that by his highnes aucthorie, and wisedome of his Counsaill, all thynges should be brought to good ordre and conclusion: and with this ordre e∣uery man quietly departed, and those which before were bent as hote as fyre to fight, beyng letted therof by God, went now peaseably to their houses, and were as colde as water. A domino factum est istud.

In this tyme of insurrection, and in the rage of horley borley, euen when the kynges armie and the rebelles were ••eady to ioyne, the kyng∣es banner being displaied, & the kynges mais••ie then liyng at Winsore, ther was a boocher dwelling within .v. myle of Winsore which caused a priest to preache that all suche as toke parte with the yorkeshiremen* 15.259 whome he named Goddes people, did fight and defend Goddes quarell & farther thesaied bocher in sellyng of his meat, one did bid him a lesse price of a shepe thē he made of it, he āswered nay b•• godes soule, I ••ad rather y^e good felowes of the north had it amōg them and a skore more of y^• best I haue: this priest & boocher wer accused to the kynges maies∣ties counsayl of the tresōs abouesaied on the Monday in the mornyng, and the same day were both sent for, which confessed there treasons, and so accordyng to the law mershal thei wer adiudged to die: & so thesaied Monday, thei were both examined, condempned and hanged, the boo∣cher was hanged on a new paire of Gallowes set at the bridge ende be∣fore the castell gate: and the priest was hanged on a tree at the foote of Winsore bridge.

This yere in Decembre was the Thamis: of London all frosen ouer, wherefore the kynges Maiestie with his beuti••ull spouse quene Iane, roade throughout the citie of Londn to Grenewhich: And this Christ∣mas the king by his messengers & herauldes sent doune into the North his generall pardons to allk c••pitall offendours: and shortly after came Aske to london, and so to the court to the kyng: this Aske was the chefe capitain of the last rebellion in the North,* 15.260 and now bothe pardoned of the kyng, and his grace receaued him in to his fauor & gaue vnto hym apparel and great rewardes, but as after ye shal perceaue Aske enioy∣ed not the Kyng his newe frendes kyndnes a yere and a day, and pitie it was that he had any fauor at all, for there liued not a veriar wretch as∣well in parson as in condiciōs and dedes, specially agaynst his anoin∣ted

gouernour and souereigne lorde.

The third day of Februarie was Thomas Fitz Garrad late Erle of of Kildare and fiue of his vncles drawen, hanged, and quartered at Ti¦borne, for high treason.

Also in thesaied moneth, Nichol Musgraue, Thomas Tylbie, withe other began a newe rebellion at Kirbie Staphā in Westmerland, with eight thousand persones, and beseged the Citie of Carlile, from whence thei were beaten, with the only power of the citie, and in their returning the Duke of Norffolke who then was made liuetenaunt of the North, encountred with them and toke the Capitanes, & accordyng to the lawe marciall, arreigned threscore and fourtene of them, and hāged them on Carlile walles, but Musgraue escaped. And in thesame moneth of Fe∣bruarie began yet a nother insurrectiō by the intysement of sir Fraun∣••es Bigod,* 15.261 a man no doubt that loued god, & feared his prince, with a right obediēt & louyng feare: but nowe beyng deceaued & prouoked ther¦vnto by false rebellyous persones, it was his fortune to tast of the ende which apperteigneth to rebelles: suche are men when god leaueth them to them selues, and when thei will entreprise the doyng of that thyng which Goddes most holy woord vtterly forbiddeth. This Bigod was apprehended and brought to the Tower of London: this last rebellion began in Setrington, and in Pikeryn Leigh, and Scarborough.

Also in the latter ende of this yere, the lord Darcy, Aske, Sir Rober•• Constable,* 15.262 Sir Ihon Bulmer and his wife, Sir Thomas Percie bro∣ther to the Erle of Northumbreland, Sir Stephyn Hamelton, Ni∣cholas Tempest Esquier, William Lomley, sonne to the Lord Lomley began agayn to conspire, although thei before had euery one of theim there pardons: and now thei were all taken and brought to the Tower of London.

In this yere one Robert Packyngton,* 15.263 Mercer of London, a man of good substaunce, and yet not so riche as honest and wise, this man dwel¦led in Chepeside at the signe of the legg, and vsed daily at foure of the clock Winter and Sommer to rise and go to Masse at a churche then called saint Thomas of Acres (but now named the Mercers chapel) and one mornyng emong all other, beyng a great Mistie mornyng such as hath seldome besene, euen as he was crossyng the strete from his house to the churche, he was sodenly murdered with a gonne, whiche of the neighbors was playnly hard, and by a great nombre of laborers at the same tyme standyng at Soper lane ende, he was both sene go furth of his house, and also the clap of the gonne was hard, but the dede doer was neuer espied nor knowen, many were suspected, but none coulde be found fauty: howbeit it is true, that forasmuch as he was knowen to be a man of a great courage and one that both could speake & also woulde be harde: and that thesame tyme he was one of the Burgeses of the par¦liament, for the Citie of London, and had talked somewhat a gainst the

cou••tousnes and crueltie of the Clergie, he was had in contempte with theim, and therefore mooste lyke by one of theim thus shamefully mur∣dered, as you perceiue that Master Honne was in the sixte yere of the reigne of this kyng.

The .xxix. yere

IN Iune the lorde Darcy and the lorde Hosey wer arreig∣ned* 15.264 at Westminster before the Marques of Ex••eter, then high stuard of England, and thei were both founde giltie and had there iudgment as in caces of high treson.

Shorty after wer also arreigned Sir Robert Conesta∣ble, Sir Thomas Percy, Sir Fraunces Bigod, Sir Stephen hamel∣ton, Sir Ihon Bulmer and his wife, which some reported was not his wife but his paramour, also William Lomley, Nicholas Tempest, and the Abbotes of Ierney and Riuers, and Robert Aske, and all founde giltie of high treason, and all put to death at Tiborne, sauyng Sir Ro¦bert Conestable, which was hāged in chaines on Beuerley gate at Hull and Aske was also hanged in chaynes at Yorke on a Tower, and Sir Ihon Bulmers Paramour, was brent in Smithfelde in London: And in the latter ende of Iune, was the Lord Darcy behedded at Tower hil and shortly after was the lord Hosey behedded at Lincolne.

This yere at the Feast of Saint George, was the Lorde Cromewell made knight of the Gartier.

In Ocobre on saint Edwardes euen was borne at Hampton Courte the noble Impe prince Edward, whose Godfathers at the Christenyng* 15.265 were the Archebishop of Cauntorburie, and the Duke of Norffolk and his Godmother the Lady Mary the Kynges daughter, and at the bi∣shopyng was Godfather the Duke of Suffolk: At the birth of this no¦ble prince was great fires made through the whole Realme and great Ioye made with thankes geuyng to almightie God whiche had sent so* 15.266 noble a prince to succed in the croune of this Realme: But Lorde what lamentacion shortly after was made for the death of his noble and gra¦cious mother quene Iane, whiche departed out of this life the fourtene day of Octobre, next folowyng: and of none in the Realme was it more heauelier taken then of the kynges Maiestie him self, whose death cau∣sed the kyng imediatly to remoue vnto Westminster wher he mourned and kept him selfe close and secret a great while:* 15.267 and the eight daye of Nouembre the Corps of the Quene was caried to Winsor withe greate solempnitie, and there was buried in the middes of the queer in the Castell churche: And at the same tyme was made in Poules a

solempne herce for her, where was Masse and dirigie, and in like maner was song Masse and dirige in euery parish churche in London.

The kinges maiestie kept his Christmas at Grenewich in his mour∣nyng apparell, and so was all the Courte till the morow after Candle∣••as ••ay and then he and all other chaunged.

Also this yere the viscoūt Beauchamp was created Erle of Hertford and Sir William Fitzwilliam high admirall created Erle of South∣hampton.

This yere Iames kyng of Scottes, maried the lady Magdalene, the French kynges eldest daughter.

The .xxx. yere▪

IN Maye there was a Freer, called freer Forest,* 15.268 one of the obseruaunt Freers, but he might haue bene more trulier named as a••ter shall appere, an obstinate Freer, this ob∣stinat Freer had secretly in confessions declared to many of the kynges subiectes that the kyng was not supreme head, and beyng therof accused and apprehēded, he was examined how he could say that the kyng was not supreme hed of the church, when he him selfe had sworne to the contrarye, he answered that he toke his oth with his outward man, but his inward man neuer consented thervnto: At this answer the Lordes who examined him loked very straūg••lye at the dissmulacion of the Freer, but beyng farther a••cused of diuerse he∣retical and dampnable articles, that he held contrary to the scripture of god, he was after sondry examinacions conuinced and confuted, & glad¦ly submited him selfe to abide the ponishment of the church: But vpon this his submission, hauyng more libertie then before he had, aswell to talke with whome he would, as also who that would to talke with him, ce••teyn suche outward men as he was so talked with him and so incen∣s••d him, that the outward Freer was as farr from his open submission as euer he was, and when his abiuracion was sent him to read & looke vpon▪ he vtterly refused it, and obstinately stode in all his heresies and treasōs before cōspired: al gētle meanes that was possible to be soughte for his reconciliac••n was had, but the more gentler that the Magestra∣tes were to him, the more onstinat was the freer, and would neither ar∣gue nor answere: wherfore iustly he was cōdēpned, & after for him was prepared in Smithfelde in Londō a Gallowes on y^• which he was hā∣ged in chaines by the middle & armholes and quicke, & vnder y^• galowes was ma••e a fire, & he so cōsumed & brēt to death. At his commyng to

place of execution, there was prepared a greate skaffolde, on which sat the nobles of the Realme, and the kynges Maiesties moost honorable counsayle, only to haue graunted pardon to that wretched creature, if any spark of repentaunce woulde haue happened in him: ther was also prepared a Pulpit where a right reuerend father in God and a renou∣med and famous Clerk the bishop of Worceter called Hugh Latimer, declared to him his errours and opēly and manifestly by the scripture of god confuted them, and with many and godly exhortacions moued him to repētaūce, but ••uche was his frowardnes that he neither would here nor speke: And a litle before the Execuciō, a houge & great Image was bronght to the Galowes, which Image was brought out of Wa∣les, and of the Welshmen muche sought and worshiped: This Iamage was called Daruell Gatheren, and the Welshmen had a prophesy* 15.269 that this Image should set a whole Forest a fyre, which prophesie now toke effect, for he set this freer Forest on fyre and consumed him to nothyng This Freer when he sawe the fyre come, and that present death was at hand caught hold vpon the ladder, which he would not let go, but so vn¦paciently toke his death, that no man that euer put his truste in God neuer so vnquietly nor so vngodly ended his lyfe: if men might iudge hym by his outward man, he appered to haue litle knowlege of God and his sincere truth, and lesse trust in him at his endyng. Upon the gal¦lowes that he died on, was set vp in great letters these verses folowing

• Dauid Daruell Gatheren.
• As saith the Welshmen
• Fetched Outlawes out of Hell.
• Now is he come, with spere & shilde
• In harnes to burne in Smithfelde
• For in wales he may not dwell
• And Forest the Freer
• That obstinate lyer
• That willfully shalbe dead.
• In his contumacie
• The Gospell doth deny
• The kyng to be supreme head

In Iuly was Edmond Coningsbey attainted of treason, for counter∣featyng of the kynges Signe Manuell: And in August was Edward Clifford for thesame cause attainted, and both put to execucion as trai∣tors at Tiborne. And the Sonday after Bartelmew daye,* 15.270 was one Cratwell hangman of London, and two persones more hanged at the wrestlyng place on the backesyde of Clerkenwell besyde Londō, for rob∣byng of a bouthe in Bartholomew fayre, at which execution was aboue twentie thousand people as I my self iudged.

In this moneth of August, the Kyng of Scottes maried the Lady Mary late duches of Longuile.* 15.271 And in Septembre by the speciall mocion of the lorde Cromewel al the notable Images vnto the whiche were made any speciall Pilgrimages and Offerynges, were vtterly taken awaye, as the Images of Walsyngham, Yplwiche, Wor∣ceter, the lady of Wilsdon, with many other. And lykewise

the Shrines of counterfeated Sainctes, as the Shrine of Thomas Becket and dyuerse other.* 15.272 And euen forthwith by the meanes of the saied Cro••well, al the ordres of supersticious and beggyng Freers, as White, Gray, Black, Augustine, Croched Freers, & likewise al the pul∣ling Nonnes, with their Cloysters & houses wer suppressed & put doune

In this season, sute was made by the Emperour to the kynges Ma∣ies••ie, that he would take to wife the duches of Millayn, but in this mat¦ter the Emperors counsaill so dalied with the kyng, that shortly he left of that suit: of the which breakyng of with the Emperour, the Duke of Cleaue hard, and therefore forthwith he made suite to the kynges Ma∣iestie, for his fayre sister the Lady Anne: vndoubtedly the Emperours counsayl thought by a cautel to haue brought the kyng to sue to the bi∣shop of Rome for a lic••nce, which thyng the kynges Maiestie sone smel∣led & perceiued wher about thei wēt. In the moneth of Nouem∣bre one Ihō Nicholsō otherwise called Lambert a priest,* 15.273 was accused of heresy, for deniyng th•• Sacrament of the Aultare to be Christes natu∣rall body: This man appealed to the kynges Maiestie, who graciously consented to heare him, and a day was apoincted: against whiche daie was made in the kynges palace at Westminster called the white hall, in the kynges hall a throne or siege royall for the kynges Maiestie, and skaffoldes for all the lordes, and a siege for Nichol••••n to stand on: this Nicholson was a man named to be learned, but that day he vttered no suche learnyng, as he was of many supposed, that he both coulde and would haue done, but was excedyng fear••ul and timerous. The kyn∣ges Maiestie accompanied with his Lordes and nobles of the Realme and diuerse of the bishops and clergy kept the day appoincted, wher be∣fore his maiesti•• was brought the forsaied Nicholson, to whome certein of the bishops ministred diuerse argumentes, but specially the kynges maiestie him selfe did most dispute with him, howbeit Nicholson was not perswaded nor woulde not reuoke although the Kynges maiestie graunted hym his pardon, wherfor there was he condempned and had iudgement, and shortely after was drawen and burned in Smythfeld. The third daie of Nouembre were henry Marques of Excester & earle of Deuonshire and sir Henry Pole knyght and lorde Mountagew and Sir Edward Neuell brother to the Lorde Burgany sent to the towe•• which thre wer accused by sir Gefferei Pole brother to the lord Moun∣tagew, of high treason,* 15.274 and the two lordes were arreigned the last day of Decembre, at Westminster before the lord Awdeley of Walden, lord Chauncelor, and then the high stuard of England, and there found gil∣tie, likewise on the third day after was arreigned Sir Edward Neuel, Sir Gefferey Pole and two priestes called Croftes and Collins, and one holand a Mariner and all attainted, and the ninth day of Ianua∣rie, were thesai••d two lordes and Sir Edward Neuell behedded at the tow••r hill, and the two priestes and Holande were drawen to Tiborne, and there hanged and quartered, and sir Gefferey Pole was pardoned.

On Ashwedn••soay, were Ihon Iones, Ihon Pottre, and William Maneryng, hanged in the princes liueries, because thei wer the princes seruauntes,* 15.275 on the Southside of Paules churchyard for kyllyng of Ro¦ger Cholmeley esquier in thesame place of malice prepen••ed.

Also on the third day of Marche, was sir Nicholas Carew of Beding∣ton, in the countie of Surrey knight of the Gartier, and Master of the kynges horse, before attainted of treasō, behedded at the tower hil, wher he made a goodly confessiō, both of his folie and supersticious faith, ge∣uyng god moste hartie thākes that euer he came in the prisō of the tow∣er, where he first sauored the life & swetenes of Goddes most holy word meanyng the Bible in Englishe, which ther he read by the meane of one Thomas Phelips* 15.276 then keper of that prison, but before he was a citezen and poyntmaker of London, which Phillips two yeres before had ben ther prisoner him selfe, & sore troubled aswell by sir Thomas More as also by Doctor Stoks••ei bishop of Londō, who often tymes examined thesaied Phelips, & laied many articles to his charge, but he so wisely and coldly vsed him selfe, that he maugre their euel willes, eskaped cler∣ly their handes.

The ninth daie of Marche, the kyng created at Westminster sir Wil∣liam Pawlet knight treasorer of his householde, Lorde Sainte Ihon, & Sir Ihon Russell comptroller of his house, Lorde Russell.

The same tyme the kyng caused all the hauens to be fortefied, and roade to Douer, and caused Bulwarkes to be made on the sea coastes, and sēt commissions throughout al the realme, to haue his people mus∣ter: and at the same seasō on Easter day, was there thre score vnknowē shippes liyng in the downes, wherfore all Kent arose, and mustered in harneis thesame day.

The .xxxi. yere.

THE eight and twentie daie of Aprill, began a Parliament at Westminster, in the which Margaret countesse of Salsbury Gertrude wife to the Marques of Excester, Reignold Poole▪ •• Cardinall brother to the lorde Mountagew, Sir Adrian Foskew, & Thomas Dingley Knight of saynt Iohnes, & diuerse other wer attainted of high treason, whiche Foskew & Dynglei wer the tenth daie of Iuli behedded. In this parliamēt was an act made which ba∣re this title: An act for abholishyng of diuersitie of opinions, in certain articles concernyng Christen religion,* 15.277 this act established chiefly sixe articles, wherof among the commō people it was called the act of sixe articles, & of some it was na∣med the whip withe sixe. strynges, and of some other and that of the moste parte, it was named the bloudy statute, for of truth it so in shorte time after skourged a great nombre in the citie of Londō, wher the first quest for the inquirie of the offendors of the saied statute sat at a church called Beckets house, now named the Mercers Chappel, that the saied

quest beyng of purpose selected and picked out emong all the rest of the inhabitauntes of the citie, that none might thereof be admitted which ei∣ther had red any part of the holy scripture in English,* 15.278 or in any wise fa∣uoured suche as either had red it, or loued the preachers of it: insomuch as this quest was so zelous & feruent in the execuciō of this statute, that thei among them selues thought it not only sufficiēt to inquire of the of∣fendors of the saied statute, but also by ther fine wittes & willyng min∣des, thei inuented to inquire of certayn braunches of thesame statute as thei termed it, which was not only to inquire who spake again mas∣ses, but who thei wer that seldome came vnto them: and also not only who denyed the Sacramente to be Christes very naturall body, but al so who helde not vp their handes at sacryng tyme, and knocked not on there brestes: And thei not only inquired who offended in the sixe arti∣cles, but also who came seldome to the churche, who toke no holy bread nor holy water, who red the Bible in the churche, or in communicacion contemned priestes, or Images in the Churches. &c. with a great nom∣bre of suche braunches: this appoincted quest so sped them selues with the ••ixe Articles, and ther awne braunches, that in fourtene daies space there was not a preacher nor other persone in the citie of name, whiche had spoken against the supremacie of the bishop of Rome, but he was wrapped in the sixe articles, insomuche as thei indited and presented of suspicion to the nombre of fiue hundred persones and aboue: so that if the kynges maiestie had not graunted his pardon, for that by the good lord Awdeley lord chauncelor his grace was truly infourmed that thei were indited of mali••e: a greate many of them whiche all ready was in prison, had bene shortly after skourged in Smithfelde with ••iry fagot∣tes, that would haue made the best bloud in ther bodies to haue sprong, but most graciously at that time his grace remitted all: although in the tyme that the••e sixe Articles indured whiche was eight yeres and more, thei brought many an honest and simple persone to there deathes, for suche was the rigour of that lawe, that if two witnesses false or true, had accused any and auouched that thei had spoken agaynst the sacra∣mēt, ther was then no way but death, for it boted not to confesse that his faith was cōtrarie or that he saied not as the accusors reported: for they would beleu•• the witnesses, ye and sometime certain of the clergie, when thei had no winesses would procure some, or elles thei were slaundered.

The kynges highnes whiche neuer ceased to stody and take payne both for the auaunce ment of the common wealth of this his Realme of Englād, of the which he was the only supreme gouernour and hed, and also for the defence of al thesame, was lately enfourmed by his trustie & faithfull frendes y^• the cākerd & cruel serpēt the bishop of rome, by that Archetraitor Reignold Poole, enemie to godes worde and his natural contrey▪ had moued and stirred diuerse great princes and potentates of Christendome to inuade the Realme of England, and vtterlie to des∣troy the whole nacion of thesame: Wherefore his Maiestie in his awne

persone, without any deley tooke very laborious and payuefull iour∣neyes towardes the sea coastes. Also he sent dyuers of his nobles and counsaylours to view and searche all the Portes and daungers on the coastes where any meete or conuenient landyng place myght be suppo∣sed, aswell on the borders of Englande as also of Wales. And in all soche doubtfull places his hyghnes caused dyu••rs & many Bulwarkes & fortificacions to be made, And further his hyghnes caused the Lorde Admirall Erle of Southampton to prepayre in redynesse Shippes for the sea, to his great coast and charges.

And besyde this, to haue all his people in a redynesse, he directed his Commissions thorough out the Realme to haue his people mustered, & the harneyes & weapons seene and viewed, to thentent that all thynges shoulde be in a redynesse if his enemyes woulde make any attempte in to this Realme: And amongest other, one Commission was directed to the right worshipfull syr Tomas Forman Knyght Mayer of Londō and his brethren, for to certifie all the names of all men betwene the ages of .lx. and .xvi. and the nombre of harnesses, weapons, with their kyndes and diuersities: Wherevpon the sayde Lorde Mayer and his brethren, euery one hauyng with them one of the Councell or learned men of the Citie repayred to their wardes, and there by the othe of the Common Counsayll & Constables of the same warde tooke the nombre of the men, harnesses and weapons, accordynge to their Commission. And after that they had well viewed their Bookes and the nombre of the persones, they thought it not expedient to admyt the whole nombre of soche as were certefied for able and apte persones for the Muster: Wherefore then they assembled theym selfes agayne and chose out the most able persones and put by thother, and specially all soche as had no harnesse, nor for whome no harnesse coulde be prouyded. But when they were credebly aduertysed by the Kynges Counsellor Thomas Lorde Cromewell Knyght of the Noble Ordre of the Gartier Lorde Preuye Seale (to whose prudence and goodnesse the Citie was moche bounden) that the Kyng hym selfe woulde see the people of the Citie Muster in a conuenient nombre, and not to set furthe all their power, but to leaue some at home to keepe the Citie. Then eftsones euery Al∣derman repayred to his warde,* 15.279 and there put a syde all soche as hadde Iackes, coates of plate, coates of mayle and bryganders, and appoyn∣ted none but soche as had whyte Harnesse, excepte soch as should beare Morysh Pykes, which had no harnesse but skulles: and they appoyn∣ted none but soche as had whyte harnesse, neither dyd they admyt any that was a Straunger, although they were Denyzens. When it was knowen that the King would see the Muster, lorde how glad the people were to prepare, and what desyre they had to do their Prince seruyce, it would haue made any faythfull subiectes herte to haue reioysed. Then euery man beyng of any substaūce prouyded hymself a coate of whyte sylke, and garnyshed their bassenetes with turues lyke cappes of sylke

set with ouches, furnished with chaines of gold & fethers: other gylted their harnesse, their halb••rdes & pollaxes. Some, & especyall certayne goldsmythes had theyr brest plates yea & their whole harnesse of syluer bullyon. The Constables were all in Iornettes of whyte sylke with chaynes & Battell Axes. The meaner sorte of people were all in coates of whyte cloth verye curiously trymmed with the Armes of the Citie before & behynde. The lorde Mayer him selfe was in a fayre Armour, the crestes therof were gylte, & ouer that a coate of Blacke veluet with hal•• sleues, & so was syr Robert Cholmley knight Recorder of Londō, a••d all thother Aldermen & Shiriffes & such as had ben Shiriffes, all wel mounted on stirryng horses rychely trapped & couered, with battel axes in their handes & Mases & chaynes about their neckes. The lorde Mayer had .iiii. footemen all in whyte sylke, cutte, ruffed & pounced: he had also .ii. Pages well moūted on stirryng coursers, rych••ly trapped and apparelled in coates of Crymosyn veluet & cloth of golde paled, with chaynes of golde, the one bearyng his Helme & the other his Axe. He had also, xvi. tall men of foote with gylte halbardes, whose dobletz were whyte sylke, & hosen doblettes & shoes all whyte, cut after the Al∣mayne fassyon, puffed & pulled out with red sarcenet, euery one hauyng a whyte lether Ierkyn al to cuttt & chaines about their neckes, with fe∣thers & broches on their cappes. The Recorder and euery Alde••man had about hym, iiii. Halbardes trymmed wa••lyke.

The Chamberlayne of the Citie & the Councello••s of the same & the Aldermēs deputies, which wer appointed to be wyffelers on horsbacke were all in whyte dāma••ke coates on their harnesse, mounted on good horses well trapped, with great chaynes about their neckes, & propre Iauelyns or battel axes in ther hādes & cappz of veluet richely decked.

The Wiffelers on foote, iiii.C. propre and lyght persones all appa∣relled in whyte sylke or Ierkyns of lether cutte, with whyte hose and shoes, euery man hauyng a iauelyn or slaughsword to keepe the people in aray & chaynes about their neckes, & whyte fethers in their ••appes.

The Minstrels were all in whyte with the Armes of the 〈◊〉〈◊〉, and so was euery other persone at this Muster without anye diuersite, sa∣uyng the lorde Mayer, the Recorder and his brethreu who had crosses of veluet or satten pyrled with golde.

The Standarde bearers were the tallest m••n of euery Warde, for whō wer made .xxx. new stādardz of the deuise of the citie be••yde bāners

Whē euery thyug was prepared, euery Alderman mustered his owne warde in the feldes, viewyng euery man in his harnesse, & to cause such as could shote, to take bowes in their hādes, & thother bylles or pykes.

The .viii. day of Maie, accordyng to the Kynges pleasure, euery Al∣derman in ordre of battell with his warde came into the common felde at Myle ende, & then all the gonnes seruered them selues into one place, the pykes in another, & the bowmen in another, & likewise the byllmen, & there rynged & snayled, which was a goodly syght to be••olde: for all the feldes from Whyte chappell to Myle ende, & from Bednall G••ene

to Ratelyf & to Stepney wer all couered with harnesse, men & weapōs, & in especial the battell of pykes semed to be a great forest. Then euery parte was deuided into .iii. partes, the pikes in, iii. partes & so the other. then were appoynted .iii. battels, a forward, myddleward & rereward.

The Ordre in goyng.

About .viii. of the clocke marched ••orward the lyght peces of Ordi∣naunce, with stone & powder, after them followed the Drōmes & fyffes, & imediatly after them a Guydon of the Armes of the C••tie. Then fol∣lowed master Sadeler captain of the gōners vpō a good horse in har∣nesse & a coate of veluet with a chayne of golde & .iiii. Halbardes about him apparelled as before is rehersed. Then followed the Gonners .iiii. in a ranke, euery one goyng .v. foote a sonder, euery mans shoulder euē with another, which shot altogether in dyuers places very cherefully, & especially before the Kynges Maiestie, whyche at that tyme sa••e in his new gate house at his Palace at Westmynster where he viewed all the whole company: In lyke maner passed the second & third battels al wel & rychely appoynted. They passed as is sayde, the formost Capitayn at ix. of the clocke in the mornīg by the lytle conduite entryng into Pauls churchyarde, & so directly to Westmynster, & so thorough the sanctuary and rounde about the parke of s. Iames, & so vp into the felde & came home thorough Holborne: & as the fyrst Capitayne entered agayne to the lytle conduyte, the last of the Muster entered Pauls churchyarde, which then was .iiii. of the clocke at after noone. The nombre was .xv. thousande, besyde Wyffelers and other wayters.

In this yere about the Feast of s. Ihon Baptist,* 15.280 the cōmon people of the town of Gaunt in Flaūders, began to grudge against the Officers of the Emperour & thoccasion was this: The cōmon people being sup∣ported of dyuers ryche Merchauntes of the towne, complained that the Excyse of the Wyne was so great, that they payed of euery pottell .ii.d for thexcise that they solde by retaile, besyde the price of the wyne, & like∣wyse payed the Merchauntes which solde it in great: and yet that more greued them that the Abbots, Friers, Chanons & other Religious per∣sones & men of the Church (of the whiche was grer store in that towne) the which among them had the greatest ryches & wealth of that towne, shoulde be exempt & dronke Wyne free without paiyng Excise, whych thyng turned to the charges of other, and therwith the cōmons founde them selues sore greued, aud sayde that they were oppressed contrarye to their olde and auncieut Priuileges. The Rulers made promise that an ordre & way shoulde be taken therin, but they desyred respyte that thei might know the mynd of the Queene of Hungary, Regent for the Emperoure of the lowe countrey, whyche Quene at that tyme was at Bruxell, and euen then was goyng to vset the countrey of Holand. The Queene consented to nothyng that the commons desyred, but sent them a very cruell and frowarde answere not without great threates, that if they woulde not euery man quietly remayne in their houses, and

pay their excyse as they had ben accustomed to do, they should lyke re∣bels as thei wer be forced thervnto whether thei would or not: wherfore the Cōmons assembled, & when they had well digested the answer of the Quene, they determined to seke another meanes, & fyrst they assembled themselues into a battel to the nōbre of .x. or .xii.M. wel armed mē, night and day watching & warding the towue, in such sorte that themperours Officers bare no rule: & he whom they called the chiefe Bailyf or Go∣uernour of the towne durst not once shew his face amomgest them, but by the helpe of a boy he cōueied himself by a Postern & so got out of the towne. The people of Gaunt perceiuyng their Rulers thus departed, the chie••est of them that wer in the towne condiscēded & agreed to write vnto the Frenche Kyng for ayde, & caused a Gentlemen of their towne to deuyse a Letter, for the whiche a••terwarde he lost his head.

The sute and request of the sayde men of Gaunt was, that it would please the Frenche Kyng to sende vnto theim men & municions, and to succour them as the auncient subiectes to the Crowne of Fraunce, and to delyuer them from the bondage that they were in, & to remoue from them the great Exactions & imposicions, that the Officers of the sayde Emperour had oppressed them with all, and they woulde yelde & dely∣uer all vnto him as to their Soueraigne Lord, & in lyke maner would other townes to them adioynynge do. And for a truth (sayth the writer of the Annales of A••quytayn) if the Frenche Kyng woulde haue her∣kened vnto their request & sute, it had ben an easye thyng for him both to haue enioyed the possession of the greatest nombre of all the townes in the lowe countrey: as Flaunders, Arthoys and the rest of that coun∣trey, & also to haue put the Emperour in great hazarde. But the Frenche Kyng wyllyng to kepe and holde the Truce which was concluded and sworne, hauyng a greater respect to his ••ayth and promyse then to his profite & gayne, thinkyng that if he should consent to the request of the Gauntoys, he should begyn a new Warre to the noiaunce of the cōmen people of Christendome, wherfore he refused vtterly either to ayde or succour them.

The Queene of Hungarye thynkynge to haue pacifyed all this ru∣mor, sent vnto the Towne of Gaunte her ryght trustye and valyaunt Knyght, the Lorde of Sempy, of the House of Crouy, accompanyed with the Lorde Lyquerque and one of her Preuy Councell: but these men amongest the cōmons wer not so well entertained as they thought they shoulde haue ben, and therfore taryed not longe amongest them, but were glad to conuey them selues from them in dissimuled apparell.

The Emperoure beynge aduertysed of all this busynesse, and per∣ceiuyng his lowe countrey by the reason of sedicion was in daunger, deuised meanes how he might come to them, for thā he was in Spayn. He thought he woulde not hazarde hymselfe vpon the sea: and he durst not trust the Almaynes, because he had broken promyse with theim so o••••en concernynge their Generall Councell that he promysed to haue

assembled: wherfore he determyned to moue the Frenche Kyng and to sue for a safeconduyte to passe thorough Fraunce, whiche very gladly the Frenche Kyng graunted hym, insomuch that after the French kyng knew of his desyre, both he and the Dolphyn entreted most hertely the Emperour to passe that way, trustyng therby that it sho••lde haue ben an occasyon of peace betwene them.

All thynges meete for themperours assuraunce was so appoynted by the Constable of Fraūce, that the Emperour departed out of Spayn, & came to Bayon, frō thence to Burdeaux & so to Poyters: after he came to Loches where he met with the French kyng & the Quene, & then thei together passed frō thence to Orleaunce, & so to Paris, into which Citie they entered the fyrst day of Ianuary in the yere of our Lorde a 1539. and so from thence after great chere & royall enterteynment he passed thorough the lower coūtreys, & at last came to Bruxelles in Braband.

And fyrst the Emperour vnder colour to haue pytie & to remedye the poore cōmons of Gaūt, & saiyng that he wold not only pardō their offē∣ces, but also he could not blame them being oppressed to complayn, & by this meanes he obteined licence that the County of Reux accōpanyed w^t ii.C. men of Armes & .v.M. Launceknightes entered the towne, saiyng to thinhabitantes that this power was only to kepe the towne in peace & quyet tyll a good & profitable ordre shoud be taken for the Cōmons, The poore inhabitantz beleuīg al that was promised & said vnto them & mistrustyng nothyng, threw of their harnesse, & euery man peaceably went to their houses. Then entered into the towne themperour accom∣panyed with his brother the kyng of Hongary, & his syster the Quene Dowager of Hongary, the Duke of Sauoy and many other Princes, Lordes and Gentlemen, and a great power of men of warre, whyche entery was about Mydsomer, in the yere a▪ M.v.C.xl.

Themperour beyng in Gaunt & hauyng thupper hand of them, that is to say, beyng stronger within the towne then thinhabitantes wer, in the place of his gret pytie that he semed to haue on the poore inhabitātz at his fyrst entery, he immediatly began to do execucion, & that of a gret nombre of them, and without all mercy executed them, insomuch that a∣mong all other, the Gentlemen which the Cōmons enforced to wryte the letter to the Frēch kīg was beheded, as before is expressed: & afterward themperour caused an Abbey of s. Banon to be suppressed, & in the same place at the charges of the Gauntois, he made a Castell of a meruelous largenesse, for it was .ix.C. foote long, & .viii.C. large: & not contented with suche as he put to death, but also of a great nombre he confiscated ther landes and goodes, and finally he brake all their Priuileges and Ordinaunces, and lefte the poore inhabitantes of Gaunt in a miserable case: But now to returne to thaffayres of England.

In August the gre•• O••ele & Odonele entered into the Englysh pale in Ireland, and brent almost .xx. myle within the same: wherfore the Lorde Grey thē Deputie there, assembled a great power and met with

them the .xxx. day of August and put them to flyght, wherfore the Kyng sent ouer fyue hundreth fresh souldyers to ayde his Deputie.

In the ende of Septēbre the .xvi. day of that moneth came to London Duke Frederyke of Bauyre Countye Palantyne or Palsgraue of the Ryne, & the .xviii. daye came to London, the Marshall of Duke Ihon Fredericke Prince Elector of Saxony, & the Chauncellor of Willyam Duke of Cleue, Gulycke, Gelder & Berry, The Palsgraue was recey∣ned & conducted to Wynsore by the Duke of Suffolke: & thother were accōpanyed with other nobles, & the .xxiii. dai of the same moneth thei al came to Wynsore, where .viii. dayes they continually were feasted and hunted, with all pleasure that myght be s••ewed vnto them: & the Pals∣graue shortly departed & was honorably rewarded: & at that sea••ō was cōcluded the mariage betwene the Kyng & the lady Anne, syster to duke Willyā of Cleue, & great preparaciō was made for the receiuing of her.

The ,xiiii. day of Nouembre Hugh Feringdon Abbot of Redyng & two Priestes, the one called Rugg, and the other named Onyon, were attaynted of hygh treason, for deniyng the Kyng to be supreme head of the Churche, & was drawen hanged, & quartered of Redyng. This Ab∣bot was a stubborne Monke & vtterly without lerning. The same day was Richard Whityng Abbot of Glascenbury lykewise attaynted and hāged on Tower hyl besyde his monastery, for the seid case & other gret treasons, which also was quartered: & the first day of Deceb. was Ihon Beche Abbot of Colchest. put to execusiō for y^• same cōfederacy & tresō

Iu Decēbre wer appointed to wayte on the Kynges highnes person fyftye Gentlemen called Pencioners or Speares, lyke as they were in the first yere of the Kyng.

The .xi. day of Decembre at the Turnepyke on thyssyde Grauelyng* 15.281 was the Lady Anne of Cleue receyued by the Lorde Lys••e Deputie of the town of Calice & with the Speres & horsemen belongyng to the re∣tynue there, all beyng fresh & warlyke apparelled, & so marchīg toward Calyce a myle & more frō the towne met her Grace the Erle of South∣hampton gret Admirall of England, & apparelled in a coate of purple veluet cut on cloth of golde & tyed with great aglettes and treifoiles of golde, to the nomber of .iiii.C, & baudrickwise he ware a chayne, at the whyche dyd hang a whystle of golde set with ryche stones of a great va∣lue. And in his company .xxx, gentlemen of the Kynges housholde ve∣ry rychly appar••lled with gret & massy chaynes, & in especial syr Fraū∣cis Bryan & syr Thomas Seymers chaynes were of great valure and straunge fassyon. Besyde this, the Lorde Admirall had a great nombre of gentlemen in blew veluet & crymosyn sattyn & his yomen in dāmask of the same colours, & the Maryners of his ship in sattyn or Bridges, both coates & sloppes of the same colours, whych Lorde Admirall with low obeysaunce welcomed her, & so brought her into Calyce by the lan∣terne gate, where the Shippes laye in the Hauen garnyshed with their banners, pencelles& flagges, pleasauntly to beholde. And at her entry was shot such a peale of gōnes, that all the retynew much merueiled at it. And at her entery into the towne, the Mayer of the towne presented

her with an .C. marke in golde. And before the Staple hall stoode the Merchauntes of the Staple well apparelled, which lykewyse presēted her with an .C. souereyns of golde in a ryche pursse, which hertely than∣ked them, & so she rode to the kinges place called the Checker, & there she laye .xv. dayes for lacke of prosperous wynde. Duryng whyche tyme goodly iustes & costly bankettes wer made to her for her sol••ce & recre∣acion. And on s, Ihons day in Christmas, she with .l. sayle toke passage about noone and landed at De••le in the downes about, v. of the clocke, where sir Thomas Cheiny lord Warden of the Portes receaued her, & there she taryed a space in a Castell newly buylte, and thyther came the Duke & Dutches of Suffolke & the bisshop of Chichester, with a gret nombre of Knyghtes & Esquiers & Ladyes of Kent & other which wel∣comed her Grace, & so that nyght brought her to Douer Caūell, where she rested tyll monday: on whych daye for all the storme that then was she marched toward Caunterbury, and on Baram downe met her the Archbishop of Caūterbury accōpanyed with the bishop of Ely, Sayn•• Asse, Saynt Dauyes & Douer, & a great cōpany of gentlemen wel ap∣parelled, & so brought her to s. Austens without Caūterbury, where she lay that nyght: and on the next dai she came to Syttyng burne & there lodged that nyght. And as she passed toward Rochester on Newyeres euen, on Reynam down met her the duke of Norffolke & the lord Dac•••• of the South, & the lord Mountioye with a gret cōpany of Knyghtes & Esquiers of Norffolke & Suffolke, & the Barons of thexchequer, all in coates of veluet with chaynes of golde, which brought her to Rochester where she lay in the Palace all Newyeres day. On which day the kyng which sore desyred to see her Grace accōpanyed with no more then .viii. persons of his preuy chaūbre, & both he & thei all apparelled in marble coates preuely came to Rochester, and sodainly came to her presence, which therwith was sumwhat astonied: but after he had spokē & welco∣med her, she w^t most gracious & louyng coūtenance & behauior him re∣ceiued & welcomed on her knees, whom he gently toke vp & kyssed: & all that after noone cōmoned & deuised with her, & that night supped with her, & the nexte day he departed to Grenewich, & she came to Dartford.

On the morow being the third dai of Ianuary, & saturday, in a fayre playne on black heth more nerer the foote of shoters hyl then the ascen∣dent of the hyll called blacke heth hyl, was pitched a riche cloth of gold & dyuers other Tentes & Pauilions in the which were made fyers and perfumes for her and suche Ladyes as shoulde receyue her Grace: and from the Tentes to the parke gate of Grenewych were all busshes and fyrres cutte downe, and a large and ample waye made for the shew of all persones. And fyrst nexte to the parke pale on the East syde, stoode the Merchauntes of the Stillyard: and on the West syde stoode the Merchaūtes of Iean, Florence and Uenyce, and the Spanyardes, in coates of veluet. Then on bothe sydes of the waye stoode the Mer∣chaūtes of the Citie of London & Aldermen with the councellors of the sayd Citie to the nōbre of a C.lx. which were myxed with the Esquyers: Nexte vpward toward the tentes stoode Knyghtes: thā the .l. gentlemē Pencioners, & all this sort wer apparelled in veluet & chayns of gold,

truly accompted to the nombre of .xii.C. & aboue besyde them that came with the kyng & her Grace, whych wer .vi.C. in veluet cotes & chaines of golde. Behynd the gentlemen stoode the seruyngmē in good ordre, well horsed & apparelled, that whosoeuer had well viewed theim might saye that thei for tall & comely personages & cle••e of lym & body, wer able to geue the greatest Prince in Christendome a mortall brekefast if he wer the kynges enemy: And of this sorte the gentlemen appertainyng to the lord Chaūcellor, the lord Preuy seale & the lord Admiral & diuers other lordes, beside the co••tly lyuereys & comely horses, ware chayns of gold.

Thus was the lane ordered in rankes from the parke gate towarde the crosse on the Heth, whych was betwene the Rankes and the Tentes, and in this ordre they contynued tyll the Kyng and she were returned.

About .xii. of the clocke her grace with all the company which were of her owne nacion to the nombre of a .C. horse, & accompanyed with the Dukes of Norffolke & Suffolke, the Archebisshop of Caunterburye & other bysshops, l••rdes & knyghtes which had receyued & conueyed her as you haue heard before, came doune shoters hyll toward the tentes, & a good space from the Tentes met her the Erle of Rutlande her Lorde Chaumberleyn, syr Thomas Denyce her Chauncellor, & all her coun∣cell••rs and officers, amongest whom, Doctor Daye appoynted to her Almoner, made to her an eloquent Oracion in latyn, presentyng to her on the Kynges behalfe all the Officers & Seruauntes: which Oracion was answered vnto by the Duke her brothers Secretarie there beyng present: which doone, the Lady Margarete Doglas, doughter to the Quene of Scottes, the lady Marques Dorcet, doughter to the French Quene beyng Nieces to the Kyng, & the Dutches of Rychmond, & the Coūtesse of Rutland & Herfford with dyuers other ladyes & gentlewo∣men, to the nōbre of .lxv. saluted & welcomed her Grace, which alyghted o••t of her Chariot in the whych she had rydden all her long iourney, & with moost godly demeanor & louyng coūtenaūce gaue to them hertye thankes & kissed them all, & after all her coūcellors & officers kyssed her hand, which done, she with all the Ladyes entered the tentes, and there warmed them a space.

When the Kyng knew that she was arriued in her tent, he with al di∣ligence set out thorough the parke. And fyrst issued the Kynges Trom∣pettes, then the Kynges Officers beyng sworne of his Councell, nexte after them followed the Gentlemen of the Kynges Preuy Chaumbre, some apparelled in coates of veluet enbrodered: other had their coates garded with chaynes of golde, very ryche to beholde, whiche were well horsed & trapped: after them ensued Barons, the yongest fyrst, and so syr Willyam Hollys knyght Lorde Mayer of London rode with the Lorde Par beyng yongest Baron. Then followed Bysshops apparel∣led in ••l••cke satten. Then immediatly followed the Erles, & then duke Philyppe of Bauyer and Countie Palantyne of the Rhyne, rychely appare••led with the lyuerey of the Toysant or Golden Fleece aboute his necke. Then followed the Ambassadours of the Frenche Kyng &

themperour, nexte followed the Lorde Preuy Seale Lorde Cromwell and the Lorde Chauncellor: then Garter kyng of Armes, and the other Officers of Armes & the Serieantes at Armes gaue their attendance on euery syde of the Lordes: whiche Lordes for the moast parte were apparelled in Purple veluet, the Lorde Marques Dorcet in the same suyte bare the Kynges swoorde of estate. After hym a good distaunce followed the Kynges hyghnesse mounted on a goodly courser, trapped in ryche cloth of golde trauerced latyce wyse square, all ouer enbrode∣red with golde of dammaske, pyrled on euery syde of the enbroderye, the buckles and pendentes were all of fyne golde. His persone was apparelled in a coate of purple veluet, somewhat made lyke a ••rocke, all ouer enbrodered with flatte golde of Dammaske with small lace myxed betwene of the same golde, and other laces of the same of goyng trauerse wyse, that the grounde lytle appered: about whyche garment was a ryche garde very curiously enbrodered, the sleues and brest were cutte lyned with cloth of golde, and tyed together with great buttons of Diamondes, Rubyes, and Orient Perle, his swoorde and swoorde gyrdle adorned with stones and especiall Emerodes, his nyght cappe gartnyshed with stone, but his bonnet was so tyche of Iuels that ••ewe men coulde value them. Besyde all this he ware in baudricke wy••e a coller of s••che Balystes and Perle that few men euer saw the lyke: and aboute his persone ranne .x. footemen all rychely appa••elled in gold∣smythes woorke. And notwithstandynge that this ryche apparell and precious Iuelles wer plesaunt to the Nobles & all other beyng present to beholde, yet his Princely countenaunce, his goodly personage and royall gesture so farre exceded all other creatures beyng present, that in comparyson of his persone, all his ryche apparell was lytle estemed. After him folowed his lord Chaūberlein, thā came sir Anthony Browne master of his horse, a goodly gētleman & a comly personage, wel horsed trapped & rychely apparelled, leadyng the Kynges horse of estate by a long reyne of golde, whyche horse was trapped in maner lyke a barde with crimosin veluet & satten, al ouer enbrodered with gold after an an∣tyke fassiō, very curiously wrought. Then followed the pages of honor in coates of riche tynsell & crimosyn veluet paled, ridyng on great cour∣sers, al trapped in crimosyn veluet, enbrodered w^t new deuyses & knottz of golde which were both pleasant & costly to beholde. Then followed syr Antho••y Wyngfeld Captayne of the Garde, & then the Garde well horsed & in ryche coates. In this ordre the kyng rode to the last ende of the ranke where the Speares or Pencyoners stoode: and there euery persone that came with the Kyng placed hymselfe on the one syde or the other, the Kyng standyng in the myddes.

When her Grace was aduertysed of the Kynges cōmyng, she issued o••t of her tent beyng apparelled in a ryche goune of cloth of golde rei∣sed, made rounde without any trayne after the Dutche fassyon, and on her heade a kall, & ouer that a rounde bōnet or cappe set full of Orient

Perle of a very propre fassyon, & before that she had a cornet of blacke veluet, & about her necke she had a partelet set full of riche stone which glystered all the felde. And at the dore of the Tente she mounted on a ••ayre horse richely trapped, with her fotemen about her in goldsmithes worke enbrodered with the blacke Lion, & on his shoulder a Carbuncle golde, and so she marched towarde the Kyng: whych perceiuyng her to approche came forwarde somewhat beyonde the crosse on Blacke Heth, and there paused a lytle in a fayre place tyll she came nerer: then he put of his bonnet & came foreward to her, & with most louely countenaūce and Princely behauyour saluted, welcomed & enbrased her to the great reioysyng of the beholders: and she lykewyse not forgettyng her duty, with most amiable aspecte & womanly behauyour receyued his Grace with many sweete woordes and great thankes and praisynges geuen to hym. And whyle they two were thus communynge, the fyftye Pen∣cioners and the Garde departed to furnysh the Courte and Halle of Grenewyche. And when the Kyng had talked with her a lytle whyle, he put her on his ryght hande, and so with their footemen they rode as though thei had ben coupeled together, O what a syght was this to see so goodly a Prince & so noble a Kyng to ryde with so fayre a Lady of so goodly a stature & so womanly a countenance, & in especiall of so good qualyties, I thynke no creature could see them but his herte reioysed.

Now when the Kyng and she were mette and bothe their companyes ioyned together, they returned thorough the rankes of Knyghtes and Esquyers which stoode styl all this whyle & remoued not, in this ordre: Fyrst her Trompettes went forwarde, whyche were twelue in nombre besyde two kettle Drommes on horsebacke, then followed the Kynges Trompettes, then the Kynges Councellours, then the Gentlemen of the Pr••uy Chaumbre, then the Gentlemen of her Graces countrey in coates of veluet, all on great horses: after them the Mayer of London in crimosyn veluet with a richecollor, coupled with the yongest Baron▪ then all the Barons, nexte followyng Bysshoppes, then Earles, with whom rode the Earles of Quersteyn and Waldocke of her countrey, then Dukes and the Archbysshop of Caunterbury and Duke Phillip of Bauire, nexte followed the Ambassadors, then the Lorde Preuye Seale and the Lorde Chauncellor, then the Lorde Marques with the Kynges sworde, nexte followed the Kyng himselfe equally ridyng with his faire Lady, & behind him rode for Anthony Browne with the kyngz horse of Estate as you hearde before, and behynde her rode syr Iohan Dudley Maister of her horses leadynge her spare Palferaye trapped in ryche Tyssue downe to the grounde: after them followed the Henxe∣men or Pages of Honoure, then followed the Ladye Margarete Do∣glas, the Ladye Marques Dorset, the Dutches of Richmond & Suf∣folke, and Countesses of Rutland & Hertforde, & other Countesses: then followed her Graces Chariot in the which she rode all her iourney, well carued & gylte with Armes of her coūtrey curiously wrought & couered

with cloth of golde, all the horses were trapped with blacke veluet, & on them rode Pages of Honor in coates of veluet, in the whiche Cha∣ryot rode .ii. auncient Ladyes of her countrey: nexte after the Chariot followed, vi. Ladyes & Gentlewomen of her countrey all richely appa∣relled with cappes set with Perle, & great Chaynes of dyuers fassyons after the vsage of their countrey, which were very fayre of face, & with them rode .vi. Ladies of England well besene. Then followed another Charyot lykewyse gylte & furnyshed as thother was: after that Cha∣ryot followed .x. Englysh Ladyes well apparelled, nexte them another Chariot al couered with blacke cloth, & in that .iiii. gentlewomen which were her Graces Chamberers: then followed all the remnaunt of the Ladyes, Gentlewomen & Maydens in a gret nombre of which dyd weare that day Frenche whodes: last of all came another Chariot all blacke with .iii. Launders appertaynyng to her Grace: nexte after followed a Horselytter of cloth of golde & Crymosyn veluyt vpon veluet paled, with horses trapped accordīgly which the king sent her, Then followed the seruyng men of her trayne, all clothed in blacke & on great horses.

In this ordre thei rode thorough the rankes, & so thorough the parke and at the late Freers walle all men alyghted sauyng the Kyng, the .ii. Maisters of the Horses & the Henxmen whych rode to the halle dore, & the Ladyes rode to the Courte gate. And as they passed they behelde on the wharfe howe the Citizens of London were rowyng vp & downe on the Thames euen before them, euery crafte in his Barge garnyshed with Banners, Flagges, Stremers, Pencelles and Targettes, some paynted & beaten with the Kynges Armes, some with her Graces Ar∣mes, and some with the Armes of their Crafte or Mistery. Besyde the Barges of euery crafte, there was a Barge made lyke a ship, called the Batchelers barke, decked with cloth of gold, penons, pencels, & targetz in great nombre, on whō wayted a Foyst that shot great peces of Artil∣lary. And in euery barge was dyuers sortes of Instrumentes & chyldrē & men syngyng, which sang & plaied altogether as the King & the Lady passed on the wharfe, which syght & noies they much praised & allowed.

When the Kyng & she wer within the vtter courte, they alygted from their horses, & the Kyng louyngly embrased her & kyssed her, byddyng her welcome to her owne, & led her by her lyfte arme thorough the halle which was furnyshed beneth the harth with the Kynges Garde, and a¦boue the harth with the fyftye Pencioners with their Batell Axes, & so brought her vp to her preuy chaumbre, where he lefte her for that tyme.

And assone as the Kyng & she was entered the Courte, was shot out of the Tower of Grenewyche & there about, a great peale of Gonnes.

When the Kynges company and hers was entered the parke, as you haue hearde, then all the horse men on Blacke Heath brake their a∣ray and had lycence to departe to London, or to their lodgyng. To se howe longe it was or the horsemen coulde passe, and howe late it was in the nyght yer the footemen coulde get ouer London brydge, I assure you it was wonderous to beholde. the nombre was so great. Thus

This the Noble Lady remayned vnmaryed vntyll the tuysday fol∣lowyng beyng the day of the Epiphany: On whych day about .viii. of the clocke in the mornyng, his Grace beyng apparelled in a gowne of cloth of golde, raysed with great flowers or syluer, furred with blacke Ienettes, his coate Crymsyn sattyn all to cutte and enbrodered & tyed with great Diamondes, & a ryche Coller about his necke, came solemly with his Nobilitie into the galery nexte the closettes, and there paused.

Then the Lordes went to fetche the Ladye Anne, whiche was appa∣relled in a gowne of ryche cloth of golde sette full of large flowers of great & Orient Pearle, made a••ter the Dutche fassion rownde, her here hangyng downe, whych was fayre, yellowe and long: On her head a Coronall of golde replenyshed with great stone, and set about full of braunches of Rosemary, about her necke and myddle, Iuelles of great valew & estimation, In this apparell she goynge betwene the Erle of Ouersteyn & the Graunde Master Hostoden, which had the conduyte & ordre of the performaunce of her maryage, with most demure county∣naunce & sad behauiour, passed thorough the Kynges chaumbre, all the Lordes goyng before her tyll they came to the galery where the Kyng was, to whom she made three low obeysaunces & curteisyes. Then the Archebysshop of Caunte••bury receyued them & maried them together, and the Erle of Ouersteyn dyd geue her: & aboute her mariyng ryng was written: GOD SENDE ME VVEL TO KEPE.

When the Mariage was celebrate, they went hande in hande into the Kinges closet and ther hard Masse and offered their tapers, & after Masse had wyne and spyces, and that done, the Kyng departed to his chaumbre, & all the Ladyes wayted on her to her chau••bre, the Duke of Norffolke goyng on the ryght hande, and the Duke of Suffolke on the lefte hande on her grace.

After .ix. of the clocke, the Kyng with a gowne of ryche Tyssue ly∣ned with Crymosyn Ueluet enbrodered, came to his closet, & she in her here in the same apparell that she was maryed in, came to her Closet with her Serieant of Armes and al her Officers, lyke a Queene, before her. And so the kyng & she went openly on Procession and offered and dyned together. And after dyner she chaunged into a gowne lyke a mannes gowne, of Tyssue with longe sleues gyrte to her, furred with ryche Sables, her narrowe sleeues were very costly, but on her head she had a cap as she ware on the saturdai before with a cornet of laune, which cap was so ryche of Perle and Stone, that it was iudged to be of great valew. And after her fassyon, her Ladyes and Gentlewomen were apparelled very riche and costly with chaynes of dyuers fassions, and in this apparell she went that nyght to Eueniong, and after sup∣ped with the Kyng: and after supper were Bankettes, Maskes, and dyuerse dysportes, tyll the tyme came that it pleased the Kyng and her to take their rest.

The sonday after were kepte solempne Iustes, whyche moche plea∣sed

the straungiers. On whiche daie she was appareiled after the En∣glishe fashiō, with a Frenche whode, whiche so set furth her beautie and good visage▪ that euery creature reioysed to behold her.

When the erle of Ouerstein, and other lordes and ladies whiche had geuen their attendaūce on her grace al that iornay, and had been highly ••easted of the kyng & other no••les, very sūpteously, thei toke their leaue and had greate g••••tes geuen to theim, bothe in money and plate, and so returned toward their countrey, leauyng behynd them the erle of Wal∣docke, and diuerse other gentlemen and damoselles, whiche wer reteined with her grace, till she wer ••etter acquainted in the realme.

The fourth daie of February next ensuyng, the kyng and she came to Westminster by water accompaignied with many nobles and prelates in Barges, on whom the Maior and his brethren in skarlet, and .xii. of the chief compaignies of the citee, all in Barges garnished with Ban∣ners, Penons, and targettes, richely couered and replenished with myn∣strelsy, gaue their attendaunce, and by the waie all the shippes shot their ordinaunce, and out of the tower was shot a greate peale of Gonnes, in goodly ordre.

The .xii. daie of February, the Duke of Norffolke was sent in Am∣bassade to the Frenche kyng, of whom he was well enterteigned, and in thende of thesame moneth, he returned again into Englande.

The .xxiii. daie of February, wer foure readers sent for to the Starre Chamber, of euery house of the foure principall Innes of Cou••te one, where sat the lorde Chauncellor, the lorde Preuie seale, and .xiiii. o•• the chief of the kynges counsaill, and there the lorde Chauncellor d••clared, how sir Ihon Sheltō knight, had by the aduise of sir Humfrey Broune Knight▪ the Kynges Seriaunt, si•• Nicholas Hare Knight, the Kynges counsailor, and Speaker of the Parliament, and Willyam Coignesby Esquire, attornay of the Duchie of Lancastre, all beyng his seruauntes and of his Fee, declared a fraudulent will of his landes, contrary to the statute made anno .xxvii. to the greate hynderaunce of the Kynges pre∣rogatiue, and the true meanyng of thesaied statute, and also to the euill example of all other, that should defraude the lordes of their seigniories Wherefore thesaie•• sir Humffrey Browne, and sir Nicholas Hare, wer that daie by the whole Counsaill of the kyng, dismissed of their Offices and seruice to the kyng▪ and sent to the tower: and within three daies af∣ter was William Coign••••by sent thether, where thei remaigned ten da∣yes, and after wer deliuered: but thei three lost all their offices, that thei had of the kyng.

The first Sondaie in Lent, Stephyn Gardiner Bishop of Winche∣ster,* 15.282 preached of Paules crosse, and there intreated of the Gospell of that daie: and in his sermon especially, he touched the article of Iustifica••iō, and so he handled it, that the third Sondaie in Lent next folowyng, one Doctor Barnes,* 15.283 o•• whom before you haue heard, reproued in thesaied pulpit at Paules, the doctryne of thesaied Bishoppe: and beeyng vexed

with the Bishoppes Doctryne, he vsed many tauntes against hym, but one specially whiche was this, that he saied if the Bishoppe and he, wer together in Rome with the Pope, he knewe that greate sommes of mo∣ney, could not saue his life, but for the Bishoppe, there was no feare, but that a litle intreataunce, should purchase fauour enough for hym: By this he noted the Bishop to bee but a Papist, whiche the Bishop so vn∣quietly tooke, that he complained of Barnes to the kyng, and there had hym examined, and at the last by the Kynges commaundement, he came to the bishoppes house, where likewise the bishoppe not onely examined hym, but also toke vpon hym to be his skolemaster, and as moste menne and specially suche, as muche knewe and least cause had to lye reported, he prepared the tower for his skole house, and made suche a rod to beate his skoler, that he beate hym as small as ashes, or he left hym: although Barnes, with twoo other persones, that is to saie, Iherom and Garret, of whom in the next yere folowyng, ye shall here more, were by the Bi∣shoppes procurement, appoynted in the Easter weke folowyng, to prea∣che at sainct Mary Spittle beside London, the three solempne sermons in one of the whiche sermons that Barnes made, Barnes openly and be∣fore al the people, asked the Bishop forgeuenes, for speakyng to vnreue rently of him, in his former sermon, and he required the bishop if he for∣gaue hym, in token thereof to holde vp his hande, whiche like as it was long before he did, so it appered afterwarde to many, that it was but a counterfeat forgeuenes.

The .xii. daie of Aprill began a Parliament, and sir Nicholas Hare restored to the office of speaker, in the whiche was frely graunted, with∣out cōtradictiōs, foure fiftenes & a Subsedy, of twoo .s. of landes, and xii.d. of goodes, toward the greate charges of Bulwarkes.

The .xviii▪ daie of Aprill, at Westminster was Thomas lorde Crome∣well, created Erle of Essex,* 15.284 and made greate Chamberlain of England, whiche euer the Erles of Oxenford had, whiche promocions he enioyed short tyme, as after in the next yere maie appere.

¶The .xxxii. yere.

THe first daie of Maie, sir Ihō Dudley, sir Thomas S••i∣mour, sir George Carew, sir Thomas Ponynges, sir Ri∣chard Cromewell, sir Anthony Kyngston knightes, enter∣prised a royall Iustes,* 15.285 Tornay, and Barriers, whiche wer in white Ueluet barded and based. The Iustes began the first daie of Maie, the Tornay the third daie, and the Barriers the fifth whiche chalenge thei valiaūtly performed, against all commers, and al∣so thei kept open houshold at Duresme place, and feasted the kyng and Quene, and all the Lordes. Beside this, on Tewesdaie in the Regacion weke, thei feasted all the Knightes and Burgesses of the Cōmon house: and the morowe after thei had the Maior, the Aldermen and all their wifes to dinner, and so the Fridaie thei brake vp houshold.

In this Parliament whiche began the .xviii. daie of April, as is afore

rehersed, the religion of sainct Ihones in Englande, whiche of most mē was named the knightes of the Rhodes, was dissolued, wherof hearyng sir Willyam Weston knight, Prior of sainct Ihones, for thought died on the Assencion daie, beyng the fift daie of Maie.

In this monethe was sent to the Tower, Docter Wilson, and docter Sampson bishop of Chichester, for releuyng of certain traiterous per∣sones, whiche denied the kynges supremacie: & for thesame offence was one Richard Farmer Grocer of London,* 15.286 a riche and welthy man, and of good estimacion in the citee, committed to the Marshall See, & after in Westminster hall was arraigned and attainted in the Premunire, and lost all his goodes.

The .ix. daie of Iuly, Thomas lorde Cromewel,* 15.287 late made erle of Es∣sex, as before you haue hard, beyng in the counsail chāber, was sodainly apprehended, and committed to the tower of London, the whiche many lamented, but mo reioysed, and specially suche, as either had been religi∣ous men, or fauored religious persones, for thei banqueted, and trium∣phed together that night, many wisshyng that that daie, had been seuen yere before, and some fearyng least he should escape, although he were imprisoned, could not be mery. Other who knewe nothyng but truth by hym, bothe lamented hym, and hartely praied for hym: But this is true that of certain of the Clergie, he was detestably hated, & specially suche as had borne swynge, and by his meanes was put from it, for in dede he was a man, that in all his doynges, semed not to fauor any kynde of Popery, nor could not abide the snoffyng pride of some prelates, whiche vndoubtedly whatsoeuer els was the cause of his death, did shorten his life, and procured the ende that he was brought vnto: whiche was that the .xix. daie of thesaied monethe, he was attaynted by Parliament, and neuer came to his answere, whiche lawe many reported, he was the cau∣ser of the makyng thereof, but the truthe thereof I knowe not: The Ar∣ticles for whiche he died, appereth in the Record, where his attaynder is written, whiche are to long to bee here reher••ed, but to conclude he was there attainted of heresy, and high treason. And the .xxviii. daie of Iuly was brought to the skaffold on the tower hill, where he saied these wor∣des folowyng.

I am come hether to dye,* 15.288 and not to purge my self, as maie happen, some thynke that I will, for if I shuold so do, I wer a very wretche and miser: I am by the Lawe condempned to die, and thanke my lorde God that hath appoynted me this deathe, for myne offence: For sithence the tyme that I haue had yeres of discrecion, I haue liued a synner, and of∣fended my Lorde God, for the whiche I aske hym hartely forgeuenes. And it is not vnknowne to many of you, that I haue been a greate tra∣ueler in this worlde, and beyng but of a base degree, was called to high estate, and sithēs the tyme I came therunto, I haue offended my prince, for the whiche I aske hym hartely forgeuenes, and beseche you all to praie to God with me, that he will forgeue me. O father forgeue me. O

sonne forgeue me, O holy ghost forgeue me: O thre persons in one God forgeue me. And now I praie you that be here, to beare me record, I die in the Catholicke faithe, not doubtyng in any article of my faith, no nor doubtyng in any Sacrament of the Churche. Many hath sclaundered me, and reported that I haue been a bearer, of suche as hath maintei∣gned euill opinions, whiche is vntrue, but I confesse that like as God by his holy spirite, doth instruct vs in the truthe, so the deuill is redy to seduce vs, and I haue been seduced: but beare me witnes that I dye in the Catholicke faithe of the holy Churche. And I hartely desire you to praie for the Kynges grace, that he maie long liue with you, in healthe and prosperitie. And after him that his sōne prince Edward, that good∣ly ympe, maie lōg reigne ouer you. And once again I desire you to pray for me, that so long as life remaigneth in this fleshe, I wauer nothyng in my faithe. And then made he his praier, whiche was long, but not so long, as bothe Godly and learned, and after committed his soule, into the handes of God, and so paciently suffered the stroke of the axe, by a ragged and Boocherly miser, whiche very vngoodly perfourmed the Office.

On sainct Peters euen, was kept the Serieantes feast* 15.289 at sainct Iho∣nes with al plentie of victaile. At whiche feast wer made ten Serieaun∣tes, three out of Greyes Inne, and three out of Lyncolnes Inne, and of euery of the Temples twoo. At whiche feast were present, all the lordes and commons of the Parliament, beside the Maior and the Aldermen, and a greate nomber of the commons of the citee of London.

The morowe after Midsomer daie, the kyng caused the Quene to re∣moue to Richemond, purposyng it to bee more for her health, open ayre and pleasure: but the sixt daie of Iuly, certain Lordes came doune into the neither house, whiche expresly declared causes, that the mariage was not lawfull, and in conclusion, the matter was by the Conuocacion cle∣rely determined, that the kyng might lawfully mary where he would, & so might she: and so were thei clerely deuorsed and seperated, and by the Parliament enacted and concluded, that she should bee taken no more as Quene, but called the Lady Anne of Cleue.* 15.290

In this yere the lord Leonard Grey, brother to Thomas lord Mar∣ques Dorset, beyng the kynges lieutenaunt in Ireland, practised son∣dery feates for his proffite, as in deliueryng treytors beeyng hostages, and especially his nephew Fitzgarard, brother to Thomas Fitz∣garard before executed, and also caused suche of the Itishe menne, as he had intelligence with all, to muade suche of the kynges frendes, whiche he fauored not: Wherefore the kyng sent for hym, and he mistrustyng and seyng no refuge, wrote to the kynges enemies, to inuade thenglishe pale after his departure. And also he kepte the kynges Treasure, to his awne vse, without reteignyng souldiours, accordyng to his commission whereupon, when he came to London, he was sent to the Tower.* 15.291

In Iuly the Prince of Salerne, in the Realme of Naples, and the

lorde Lois Deuola, came into England to se the kyng, whiche had high chere and greate rewardes, and so departed. And after them came Done Fredericke Marques of Padulla, brother to the Duke of Farrar, and the Prince of Macedonia, and the Marques of Terra Noua, and Mounsire de Flagy, and sixtene other gentlemen, from the Emperours Courte into Englande, to see the Kyng, whiche on the daie of Mary Magdalene, came to the Court to Westminster, and wer highly fea••••ed and well enterteined, and with greate rewardes departed.

The twentie and eight daie of Iuly▪ as you haue heard before in this yere, was the Lorde Cromewell behedded, and with hym likewi••e was behedded the Lorde Hongerford* 15.292 of Heytesbury, whiche certainly at the tyme of his death, semed to bee very vnquiet in mynde, and rather in a frenesy then otherwise.

The thirtie daie of Iuly, were drawen on herdelles out of the Tower to Smithfeld Robert Barnes Doctor in Diuinitee, Thomas Garard, and Wyllyam Ierome* 15.293 Bachelers in Diuinitee, Powell, Fetherston, and Abell. The firste three were drawen to the stake, there before set vp, and were burned: and the latter three drawen to the Galowes, likewise there set vp, and were hanged, hedded, and quartered. Here ye must note, that the first three, wer menne that professed the Gospell of Iesu Christ, and were Preachers thereof: But wherefore thei were now thus cruel∣ly executed, I knowe not, although I haue searched to knowe the truth. But this I finde in their atteindor, for ye muste vnderstande, that after thei had Preached at sainct Mary Spittle, as before I haue declared, Barnes for learnyng his lesson no better was committed to the Skolehouse before prepared, whiche was the Tower, where he was kepte, and neuer called to examinacion▪ till his rod that he should bee beaten with∣all, was made, whiche was a sharp and greate Fire in Smithefelde: and for compaignie sake, was sent to the Skolehouse with hym, the for¦named Garet, and Ierome, whiche dronke all of one Cuppe. And as I saied before, thus muche I finde in their attaindor, that thei were dete∣stable and abhominable Heretickes, and that thei had taught many he∣resies, the nomber whereof was to greate in the atteindor to be recited, so that there is not one alleged, whiche I haue often wondered at, that their heresies wer so many, and not one there alleged, as special cause of their deathe. And in deede at their deathe, thei asked the Shirif••s, wher∣fore thei were condempned, who answered, thei could not tell: but if I maie saie the truthe, moste menne said it was for Preachyng, against the Doctryne of Stephen Gardiner Bishoppe of Wynchester, who chiefly procured this their death, God and he knoweth, but greate pitie it was, that suche learned menne should so bee cast awaie, without exa∣minacion, neither knowyng what was laied to their charge, nor neuer called to answere.

The laste three whiche were Powell, Fetherston, and Abell,* 15.294 were put to death for Treason, and in their attaindor, is speciall mencion made

of their offences, whiche was for the deniyng of the kynges supremacie, and affirmyng that his Mariage with the Lady Katheryne was good: These with other were the treasons, that thei wer attainted of, and suffe∣red death for.

The fourthe daie of August Thomas Epsam, sometyme Monke of Westminster, whiche had been prisoner for treason, thre yeres and more in Newgate, came before the Iustices of Gaole deliuery at Newegate, and would not aske the kynges pardon, nor be sworne to be true to him wherefore his Monkes garment, was plucked from his backe, and he repr••ed till the kyng knewe his malicious obstinacie: and this was the last Monke that was seen in his clothyng in Englande.

In this monethe were certain Commissioners, sent by the kyng into Ireland, to inquire of the lorde Leonard Gray, whiche certefied diuerse articles against hym, as ye shall here in the next yere folowyng.

The eight daie of August, was the Lady Katheryn Haward,* 15.295 nece to the duke of Norffolk, and daughter to the lorde Edmond Haward, she∣wed openly as Quene at Hampton Court, whiche dignitie she enioyed not long, as after ye shall here.

In y^e latter ende of this moneth, was vniuersally through the realme greate death, by reason of newe hote agues and Flixes, and some Pes••i∣lence, in whiche season was suche a drougth, that Welles and small Ri∣uers were cleane dried, so that muche cattell died for lacke of water: and the Thamis was so shalowe, and the freshe water of so small strength, that the Salt water flowed aboue London bridge, till the raine had en∣creased the freshe waters.

On the .xxii. daie of December, was Raufe Egerton seruaunt to the Lorde Audeley, lorde Chauncellor, hanged,* 15.296 drawen, and quartered, for counterfetyng of the kynges greate Seale, in a signet, whiche was ne∣uer seen, and sealed a greate nomber of Licenses for Denizens, and one Thomas Harman that wrote theim, was executed: for the statute made the last parliament, sore bounde the straungiers, whiche wer not Deni∣zens, whiche caused theim to offre to Egerton, greate sommes of money, the desire whereof caused hym to practise, that whiche brought hym to the ende, that before is declared.

In the ende of this yere, the Frenche Kyng made a strong Castle at Arde, and also a Bridge ouer into the Englishe pale, whiche bridge the Crewe of Calice did beate doune, and the Frenchemen reedified thesame and the Englishemen bet it doune again. And after the kyng of Englād sent fiftene hundred woorke men, to wall and fortefie Guysnes, and sent with them fiue hundred men of warre, with capitaines to defende them. The noyes ranne in Fraunce, that there wer fiftie thousande Englishe∣menne, landed at Calice with greate ordinaunce: wherefore the Frenche kyng sent in all hast, the Duke of Uandosme, and diuerse other capitai∣nes, to the Frontiers of Picardy, to defende thesame. The kyng of En∣glande hearyng thereof, sent the Erles of Surrey and Southhampton

and the lorde Russell, his greate Admirall, into the Marches of Calice, to set an ordre there: and after them sent .CC. light horsemen, of the bor∣ders of Scotlande: whom the Frenchmen called stradiates, whiche lor∣des when thei had set all thynges in a good ordre, shortly returned.

In this yere was burned in Smith••eld, a child named Richard Me∣kins,* 15.297 this child passed not the age of .xv. yeres, and somewhat as he had heard some other folkes talke, chaunced to speake against the Sacra∣ment of the aultar. This boye was accused to Edmond Boner Bishop of London, who so diligently folowed the accusacion, that he first found the meanes to Indite hym, and then arreigned hym, & after burned him And at the tyme he was brought to the stake, he was taught to speake muche good, of the Bishop of London, and of the greate Charitee, that he shewed hym: and that he defied all heresies, and curssed the tyme that euer he knewe Doctor Barnes, for of hym had he learned that heresie, whiche he died for: The poore boye would for the sauegarde of his life, haue gladly said that the twelue Apostles taught it hym, for he had not cared of whom he had named it, suche was his childishe innocencie and feare. But for this deede many spake and saied, that it was great shame for the Bishop, who thei saied ought rather to haue labored to saue his life, then to procure that terrible execucion, seyng that he was suche an ignoraunt soule, as knewe not what the affirmyng of an heresie was.

You haue hard before in the beginnyng of this yere, that doctor Wil∣son, and doctor Sampson Bishop of Chichester, wer sent vnto the To∣wer: who now wer pardoned of the kyng, and set again at their libertie.

¶The .xxxiii. yere.

IN the beginnyng of this yere, v. priestes in Yorke shire be∣gan a new rebelliō,* 15.298 with thassent of one Leigh a gentlemā, and .ix. temporall men, whiche were apprehended, & shortly after in diuerse places put in execucion, in somuche that on the .xvii. daie of Maie, thesaid Leigh & one Tatersall, and Thornton, wer drawen through London to Tiborne, and there wer exe∣cuted. And sir Ihon Neuell knight, was executed for thesame at Yorke.

On thesame daie was Magaret Countesse of Salisbury, whiche had been long prisoner in the Tower, behedded in the Tower, and she was the last of the right lyne and name, of Plantagenet.

The .ix. daie of Iune, wer Damport and Chapman, twoo of the kyn∣ges Garde, hanged at Grenewiche by the Friers Wall, for roberies in example of all other.

Duryng this ceason, the commissioners that before wer sent into Ire∣land, to inquire of the lord Gray,* 15.299 certified .xx. articles of high treason a∣gainst hym, wherupon he was arreigned & tried by knightes, because he was a lorde of name, but no lorde of the parliamēt: howbeit he dischar∣ged the Iury, & confessed the inditement, & therupon was iudged, & after behedded at the tower hill, where he ended his life very quietly & godly.

In this ceason was arreigned and condempned three gentlemen, cal∣led

Mantell, Roydon, and Frowdes, and were hanged at sainct Tho∣mas of Waterynges. Likewise was Thomas Fines Lorde Dacres of the Southe, arreigned before the Lorde Awdeley of Walden, then Chauncellour of Englande, and that daie high Stuard of thesame at Westminster, and there before thesaied Lorde Chauncellour and his Peres, he confessed the Inditement, and so had Iudgement to bee han∣ged.* 15.300 And so the twentie and nyne daie of Iune, beeyng Sainct Peters daie at after None, he was led on foote, betwene the twoo Shirifes of London, from the Tower through the citee to Tyborne, where he was strangled, as common murderers are, and his body buried in the chur∣che of sainct Sepulchres. The cause of the death of this noble manne, and the other gentlemen, was a murder of a symple manne, and an vn∣lawfull assemble made in Sussex. Greate moane was made for them al, but moste specially for Mantell, who was as wittie, and as towarde a gentleman, as any was in the realme, and a manne able to haue dooen good seruice.

This Sommer the Kyng kepte his Progresse to Yorke, and passed through Lyncolne Shire, where was made to hym an humble submis∣sion* 15.301 by the temporaltie, confessyng their offence, and thankyng the kyng for his pardon: and the Toune of Staunforde gaue the Kyng twentie pounde, and Lyncolne presented fourtie pounde, & Boston fiftie pound that parte whiche is called Lynsey gaue three hundred pounde, and ••estren and the Churche of Lyncolne gaue fiftie pounde. And when he entered into Yorke Shire, he was met with two hundred gentlemen of thesame Shire, in cotes of Ueluet, and foure thousande tall yomen, and seruyng men, well horsed: whiche on their knees made a submission, by the mouthe of sir Robert Bowes, and gaue to the Kyng nyne hundred pounde. And on Barnesdale met the kyng, the Archebishoppe of Yorke, with three hundred Priestes and more, and made a like submission, and gaue the kyng sixe hundred pounde. Like submission was made by the Maior of Yorke, Newe Castle, and Hull, and eche of theim gaue to the Kyng an hundred pounde. When the Kyng had been at Yorke twelue daies, he came to Hull, and deuised there certain fortificacions, and pas∣sed ouer the water of Homber, and so through Lyncolne Shire, and at Halontide came to Hampton Court.

At this tyme the Quene late before maried to the kyng called Quene Katheryne,* 15.302 was accused to the Kyng of dissolute liuyng, before her ma∣riage, with Fraunces Diram, and that was not secretely, but many knewe it. And sithe her Mariage, she was vehemently suspected with Thomas Culpeper, whiche was brought to her Chamber at Lyncolne▪ in August laste, in the Progresse tyme, by the Lady of Rocheforde, and were there together alone, from a leuen of the Clocke at Nighte, till foure of the Clocke in the Mornyng, and to hym she gaue a Chayne, and a riche Cap. Upon this the kyng remoued to London, and she was sent to Sion, and there kept close, but yet serued as Quene. And for the

offence confessed by Culpeper and Diram, thei were put to death at Ti∣borne, the tenth daie of December. And the twentie and two daie of the∣same monethe, were arreigned at Westminster, the lorde Wyllyam Ha∣warde and his wife, whiche Lorde Wyllyam was Uncle to the Quene, Katheryne Tilney whiche was of counsaill of her hauyng to dooe with Diram, Elizabeth Tilney, Boulmer, Restwould, the Quenes women, and Walgraue, and Wyllyam Asby, and Damport gentle menne, and seruauntes to the olde Duches of Norffolke, and Margaret Benet a Butter wife, all indited of misprision, for counsailyng the euill demea∣nor of the Quene, to the slaunder of the Kyng, and his succession: all thei confessed it, and had Iudgement to perpetuall prison, and to lose their goodes, and the proffite of their lādes, duryng their lifes: howbeit shor∣tely after, diuerse of them wer deliuered by the kynges Pardon.

The sixtene daie of Ianuary the Parliament began, in the whiche the Lordes and Commons assented, to desire of the kyng certain peticions. First, that he would not vexe hymself, with the Quenes offence, and that [ 1] she and the lady Rocheford, might be attainted by Parliament.

Also, because of protractyng of tyme, whiche the more should bee to [ 2] his vnquietnes, that he would vnder his greate Seale, geue his royall assent, without tariyng the ende of the Parliament.

Also, that Diram and Culpeper, before attainted by the common law [ 3] might also be attainted by Parliament.

Also, that Agnes Duches of Norffolke, and Katheryn Countesse of [ 4] Brigewater her daughter, whiche were for counsailyng thesaied offence committed to the Tower▪ Indited of misprision, and the lorde William and other, arreigned of thesame, might be likewise attainted.

Also, that whosoeuer had spoken or doen any act, in the detestacion of her abhominable liuyng, should be pardoned.

To the whiche peticions the kyng graunted, saiyng, that he thanked the Commons, that thei tooke his sorowe to bee theirs. Whereupon the Quene and the Lady Rocheforde, were attainted by bothe the houses. And on Saturdaie beyng the leuenth daie of February, the Kyng sent his royall assent, by his greate Seale: and then all the Lordes were in their Robes, and the Common house called vp, and there the acte redde, and his assent declared. And so on the thirtene daie, these twoo Ladies were behedded* 15.303 on the Grene, within the Tower with an axe, and confes∣sed their offences, and died repentaunt.

At this Parliament the Kyng was Proclaymed kyng of Irelande,* 15.304 whiche name this predecessors neuer had, but wer alwaies called lordes of Irelande.

In the beginnyng of Marche died sir Arthur Plantagenet viscount lis••e bastard to Kyng Edward the fourth, in the tower of London vnat∣tainted, when he should haue been deliuered and put at his liberty. And

the twelue daye of the saied moneth, sir Ihon Awdeley sonne and heire to the saied Lorde Lisles wife was at Westmynster created Uiscount Lisle.

The Parliament sittyng, in Lent one George Ferreis* 15.305 Bourgeoys for the tonne of Plimmouth, was arested in London vpon a condemp∣nacion, at the suite of one White. Whereupon the Seriaunt at armes, of the Common house, was sent to the Counter in Bredestrete to fetche hym: but the Clerckes would not deliuer hym, wherfore the Serieaunt and his manne, would haue brought him awaie perforce. Diuerse of the Shirifes officiers there present, withstoode the Serieaunt, so that thei fell to quarellyng, and the Serieauntes man was sore hurte. After the Fraie ended, the Shirifes of London whose names wer Rowland Hill, and Henry Suckely came to the Counter, and first denied the deliuerey of the prisoner, howbeit afterward thei deliuered hym. But this matter was so taken in the Common house, that the Shirifes and the Clercke, and fiue Officiers, and the partie plaintife, were sent to the tower, and there laye twoo daies, and wer•• deliuered again by the Speaker and Common house.

Although I haue not vsed muche to declare of priuat thynges doen, in other forrein Realmes, yet will I now tell of one because the thyng was so reported to me, and the matter it self to writtē and deliuered me, that I must nedes iudge it to be a truthe, and the like in all this woorke is not expressed, therfore I purposed woorde by woorde, as it was wri∣ten vnto me, here to expresse it. The matter is of a certein Gentelman in Scotlande, who for contemning of the Bisshop of Romes vsurped au∣cthoritie, and for praisyng and commendyng the affaires and procedin∣ges of Englande, and reprouyng the naughtie life of the Scottishe Clergie, was, as an hereticke accused, and conuented before diuerse of theim, as after maie appere, there to make answere to suche Articles as should bee obiected against hym. He knowyng their accustomed fauor, fled from theim into Englande. Against whom after he was gone, thei proceded in suche sort, as by this that foloweth whiche is the true copie of the processe maie appere.

Sir Ihon Borthwike,* 15.306 commonly called Capitain Borthwike, accu∣sed, suspected, defamed and conuicted by witnesses, whiche were men of suche honestie, against whom could none excepcion bee taken, the yere of our lorde, a thousande fiue hundred and fourtie, the .xxviii. day of May in the Abbay of sainct Androwes, in the presence of the moste worship∣full fathers in Christ, Eawyn Archebishoppe of Glasgue, Chauncellor of Scotlande, William of Aberdowyn, Henry Bishoppe of Galloway and of the Kynges Chapell of Sterlyng, Ihon Bishoppe of Bre••th. Willyam bishop of Dunblan: Andrew Abbot of Melros, George Ab∣bot of Dumfermelyng, Ihon Abbot of Paslay, Ihon Abbot Lundros, Robert Abbot of Kyllos, and Willyam Abbot of Culros: Malcolme Prior of Whitytern, and Ihon Prior of Pettywerin. Master Alexan∣der

Balfour Uicar of Kylmane, and Rector of the Uniuersitie of sainct Androwes. And afore the cunnyng Masters, Master Ihon Mair, and Master Peter Chapilain, professors, and doctors of Diuinitee, Master Marten Balfour, Bachel••r of Diuinitie, and of the lawe, and Officiall principall of sainct Androwes, Ihon Wyrem Supprior, Ihon Wan∣nand, and Thomas Cunnynghā, Chanones of the Abbay of sainct An∣drowes, Ihon Thomson with his felowe, Prior of the blacke Friers of sainct Androwes, Ihon Tullidaff Wardein of the Grey Friers, of. S. Androwes, & Ihon Patersone, vicar of thesame couent. And also before the noble mightie & right worshipfull lordes, George Erle of Huntley, Iames erle of Arrain, Willyam erle Marshall, William erle of Mon∣trosse▪ Malcolme lorde Flemmyng, Chamberlain of Scotlande, Ihon lorde Lindesay, Ihon lorde Erskyn, George lorde Seiton, Hugh lorde Symeruall, sir Iames Homilton of Finnart, & Walter lorde of .s. Iho∣nes of Torphecten knightes, master Iames Foules of Colynton clerke of the Register, to our moste souereigne Lorde the Kyng, and many and diuerse and sondery other lordes, barons, and honest persones, required to be witnesses i•• the premisses, doth affirme that he hath holdē these er∣rors folowyng, openly taught them, and instructed them, that is to saie.

First, that our moste holiest lorde the Pope, the Uicar of Iesu Christ, [ 1] cannot haue nor exercise, any more aucthoritie emongest christians, then any other bishop or priest.

Secondly, that Indulgenses and Pardons, graunted by our moste [ 2] holiest lorde the Pope, is of no value strength and efficacie, but vtterly to the abusion of the people, and the deceiuyng of our soules.

Thirdly, he saied that the Pope was a Simoniack, euer sellyng gyf∣tes, [ 3] and that all priestes might mary.

Fourthly, that all Englishe heresies (as thei are called) or at the least, [ 4] the greater and better part obserued by Englishemen, hath been and is good, and to be obserued by christen men, as true & consonant to the law of God: in somuch y^t he perswaded very many people to accept thesame.

Fiftly, that the people of Scotlande, & the clergie therof hath been and [ 5] is vtterly execated and blinded, by affirmaciō that thei had not the true catholike faith, affirmyng and opēly saiyng, that his faith was of more value & better, then all the Ecclesiasticalles, of the realme of Scotland.

Item, likewise accordyng vnto tholde opinions, of Ihō Wi••lief and [ 6] Hus, heresiarches and Master heretikes, condempned in the counsail of Constantine, he hath affirmed and farther declared, that Ecclesiasticall persones, should not possesse, haue nor enioye, any temporall possessions neither exercise iurisdicciō, or any kynd of aucthoritie in temporall mat∣ters, neither vpon their awne subiectes, but that all should vtterly bee taken awaie from them, as it is in these daies in Englande.

Item, he hath saied, holden, and affirmed falsely, and contrary to the [ 7] honor, state, and reuerence, of our sacred kynges maiestie of Scotlande that our kynges maiestie of Scotland, the moste clerest defendor of the

christian faith, would contrary to the lawe and libertie of the holy chur∣che vendicat and chalenge vnto his priuate vses, all ecclesiasticall pos∣sessions: landes, and yerely rentes, geuen by his fore fathers, and also by hymself, and to inforce this matter he hath also by writyng perswaded our moste noble kyng, with all his endeuor.

[ 8] Item, he hath willed and sought, and many times hath desired harte∣ly, that the Churche of Scotlande should come, and be brought to the∣same poynt and ende, and to suche like fall, as the Churche o•• England, is now come to in deede.

[ 9] Item, he hath saied, affirmed, and taught openly, the Cannon lawes and the Decrees of our holy fathers, approued by the Catholike and a∣postolike Churche, is of no valewe nor strength, bryngyng in and affir∣myng thesame, for to be made and set furth, contrary to the lawe of God.

[ 10] Itē, he hath said holden & affirmed, many y^t waies no religion should be kept, but that should bee abolished and destroyed, and to bee as it is now destroyed in Englande, and vilipendyng all holy Religion, affir∣myng it to bee an abusion of the people, whose clothyng sheweth mani∣fes••ly, to be deformed mōsters, hauyng no vtilitie or holines, bryngyng in by this and perswadyng, asmuche as in hym laye, all adherentes of his opinion, that all the religion in this realme of Scotlande, should be destroyed and vtterly taken awaie, to the moste greatest losse of the Ca∣tholike Churche▪ and to the deminishyng of Christen religion.

[ 11] Item, it is plainly knowen by lawfull probacions, that thesame Ihō Borthwike, hath had and actually hath, diuerse bokes suspect of heresy dampned, aswell by the Papall, as by the Regall and ordinary auctho∣rities forbidden (that is to saie) firste of all the newe Testament in En∣glishe, printed in Englande, Oecolampadius, Melancthon, & diuerse tractes of Erasmus, and other cōdempned heretickes, and also the boke of Vnio Discidentium, conteinyng moste manifest errors, and that he hath red, studied, and communicated, and presented thesame to other men, aswell openly as priuatly, and that he hath instructed and taughte, very many Christians in thesame, to the effect, to turne them from the very true and Catholike faithe.

[ 12] Item, it is openly knowen, thesame Ihon Borthwike, to bee so stub∣burne in all these foresaid errors and heresies, and to haue susteined and taught thesame, with suche an indurate mynde, so that he would not de∣clyne by no maner of meanes frō thesame, for diuerse of his frendes, and persons whiche loued hym▪ and would haue had hym conuert, to the ca∣tholike faithe, neither would he consent to theim in any wise, but rather vnmoueably persist in his errors.

[ 13] For the whiche said articles, and many other errors holden, saied, pu∣blicated and taught by hym and (as the common voyce is) whiche he stil holdeth and teacheth, the forsaid Ihon Borthwike to bee taken holden, an•• coumpted as an Heretike, and a Master heretike, and as a very euil iudger of the holy faithe.

Therfore we Dauid of the title of saint Stephyn in the mount Celo of the holy churche of Rome priest Cardinal,* 15.307 archebishop of saint An∣drowes, Primate of this whole realme of Scotland and of the Aposto∣like seate Legate create, sittyng in our seate of iustice in nature of Iudges, the holy Euangelistes of God set afore vs, that our iudge∣mentes procede frō the sight of God, and our eyes must loke to equitie, hauyng onely God and the Catholike faith afore our eyes, the name of God beyng called vpon and folowyng the counsail aswell of the deui∣nes as lawyers, this foresayd Ihon Borthwike called capitain Borth∣wike condempned of the foresayd heresies, accused, suspected and infa∣med by lawfull probacions had and brought against him in all y^• fore∣saydes, conuicted, cited, called and not appearyng but absentyng him selfe like a runaway: Therfore let vs thinke, pronoūce, and declare him to be conuicted and to be punished worse then an heretike, And further more all his mouables and vnmouables by whatsoeuer title they be∣gotten and in whatsoeuer parties they lye, they to be geuen to the secu∣lar power. And all offices had by dower or by his wife to be confiscat & spent to the vse and custome or the law. Also we do declare by these pre∣sentes the image of the for••sayd Ihon to be made to the likenes of him, and to the brought into the metrapolitan Churche of saint Andrewes & after that to y^• market crosse of the citie, there to be brent as a signe and a memorial of his condemnyng to the example and feare of all other. Lykewise we do declare that if thesame Ihon be taken within our liber¦ties to be punished accordyng to the lawe of heretikes. Also we warne all true beleuers in Christ of whatsoeuer state & condicion they be, that thei frō this day do not receiue or admit īto their houses, tētes, villages of tounes Ihon Borthwike to eat or to drynke or to preferre any kyng of humanitie in paine of suche like punishement: Further, if there b•• any founde culpable in these foresayd that they shalbe accused as fau∣tors and maintayners of heretiques, and they shalbe punished ac∣cordyng to the law. This sentence red and made and put in wri∣tyng in the Metrapolitan Churche of saint Androwes we sittyng in our Tribunals seate, the yere of our Lorde 1540. the xxviii. day of Maye drawen out of the Regester made against heretikes and agreyng with the sentence of Ihon Borthwike.

The .xxxiiii yere.

IN this yere Iames erle of Desmōd came to the kyng and was honorably entertained & wel rewarded. And in Sep∣tembre the great Onele came to the kyng to Grenewyche, where he and a capitaine of the North partes of Ireland called Magannysse and the bishop of Cloar, made their submission in writyng, cōfessyng their offences, and promisyng to serue the kyng and his heyres truely: whiche submission by the kyng consi∣dered, he vpon the first day of October created at Grenewyche thesayd sir Eustace Onele called great Onele (because he was the chiefe of his linage called Onele) Erle of Tereowen, commonly called Tyron and gaue him a great chayne, and made Magannysse and his cosyn knigh∣tes and gaue them both chaynes, & he gaue to the lorde Mathias sonne to the erle, the Barony of Duncan

At this ceason the kynges Maiestie prepared for warre into Scot∣lande, the cause why this warre was made is most manifestly declared by that whiche foloweth, which the kynges Maiestie published by this title, A declaracion conteignyng the iust causes and consideracions of this present vvarre vvith the Scottes: vvherin also appeareth the true and right title that the kynges moste royal maiestie hath to his souereigntie of Scot∣land. And it beginneth thus.

Beyng now enforced to the warre, whiche we haue alwayes hitherto so mu••he abhorred and fled,* 15.308 by our neighbor and Nephieu the kyng of Scottes, one, who aboue all other, for our manyfolde benefites towar∣des him, hath moste iust cause to loue vs, to honor vs, and to reioyce in our quietnes: We haue thought good to notify vnto the world his do∣ynges and behauour in the prouocacion of this warre, and likewise the meanes and wayes by vs vsed to exchue and aduoyde it, and the iust & true occasions, wherby we be now prouoked to prosecute thesame, & by vtteraunce and diuulgyng of that matter, to disburden some part of our inwarde displeasure and griefe, and the circumstaunces knowen, to lament openly with the worlde, the infidelitie of this tyme, in whiche thinges of suche enormitie do brest out and appeare.

The kyng of Scottes our Nephieu and neighbour, whom we in his youth and tender age preserued and maintained from the great daun∣ger of other, and by our authoritie and power cōduced him safely to the reall possession of his estate, he nowe compelleth and forceth vs for pre∣seruacion of our honor and right, to vse our puissaūce & power against him. The like vnkindnes hath been heretofore shewed by other in sem∣blable cases against Goddes lawe, mannes lawe, and all humanitie: but the oftener it chaunceth, the more it is to be abhorred, and yet in the persones of princes for the raritie of theim can so happen but seldome, as it hath nowe come to passe.

It hath been very rarely and seldome seen before, that a kyng of

Scottes hath had in mariage a doughter of England: We can not, ne will not reprehend the kyng our fathers art therein, but lament and be sory it toke no better effect. The kyng ou•• father in that matter minde•• loue, amitie, and perpetuall frendship betwene the postery of both, whi∣che how soone it fayled, the death of the kyng of Scottes, as a due pu∣nishment of God for his iniust inuasion into this our realme, is & shal∣be a perpetual testimony to their reproche for euer, and yet in that pre∣sent tyme could not th•• vnkyndnesse of the father extinguyshe in vs the natural loue of our Nephieu his sonne, beyng then in the miserable age of ten••er youth: but we than forgettyng y^e displeasure that should haue worthyly prouoked vs to inuade that realme, norished and brought vp our Nephieu to achieue his fathers possession and gouernement, wherin he nowe so vnkyndly vseth and behaueth him towardes vs, as he compelleth vs to take armour and warre against him.

It is specially to be noted, vpon what groundes, & by what meanes we be compelled to this warre, wherin among other is our chiefe griefe and displeasure, that vnder a colour of fayre speche and flatteryng wor¦d••s, we be in dedes s iniured, cōtempned and dispised, as we ought not with sufferaunce to pretermitte and passe ouer. Woordes, writynges, letters, messages, ambassiates, excuses, allegaciōs, could not more plea∣sauntly, more gently, ne more reuerently be deuised and sent, then hath been made on y^• kyng of Scottes behalfe vnto vs, and euer we trusted the tree would bryng forth good fruite, that was of the one partie of so good a stocke, & continually in apparaunce put forth so fayre buddes: and therfore would hardely beleue or geue eare to other, that euer alle∣ged the dedes of the contrary, beyng neuerthelesse thesame dedes so ma∣nyfest, as we must nedes haue regarded theim, had we not been to lothe to thynke euil of our Nephieu, w••om we had so many wayes bound to be of the best sorte toward vs. And therfore hauyng a message sent vn∣to vs the yere past from our sayd Nephieu, and a promi••e made for the repayryng of thesayd kyng of Scottes vnto vs to Yorke, & after great preparacion on our part made therfore, thesame metyng was not onely disappointed, but also at our beyng at yorke, in the lieu therof, an inua∣sion made by oure sayd Nephieu his subiectes into our realme, decla∣ryng an euident contempt and di••pite of vs: We were yet glad to im∣pute the defaute of the metyng to the aduise of his counsail, and the in∣uasion to the lewdnes of his subie••tes: and accordyng there vnto gaue as benigne & gentle audience to suche ambassadors, as repayred hither at Christmas afterwarde, as if no suche causes of displeasure had oc∣curred, specially consideryng the good woordes, swete woordes, plea∣saunt woordes, eftsones proponed by the sayd Ambassadors, not o••ely to excuse that was past, but also to persuade kyndnes and perfite ami∣tie to ensue. And albeit the kyng of Scottes hauyng contrary to the ••rticle of the league of amitie, receiued and entetteigned suche r••belles▪

as were of the chiefe and principle, in stirryng the insurreccion in the North against vs with refusall before tyme, vpon request made to re∣store thesame: yet neuerthelesse vpon offer made thesayd ambassadors, to sende cōmis••ion to the bordures, to determyng the debates of the con∣finies in thesame, with so great a pretence of amitie and so fayre woor∣des, as could be in speche desired: we were content for the tyme to for∣beare to presse them ouer extremely in the matter of rebelles. Albeit we neuer remitted thesame, but desyrous to make triall of our sayd Ne∣phieu in some correspondence o•• dedes, condescended to the sendyng of commissioners to the borders, whiche ••o our great charge we ••id, and the kyng of Scot••es our sayd Nephieu the semblable. Where after great trauaile made by our commissioners, this fruit ensued, that beyng for our part chalenged a piece of our groun••e, plainely vsurped by the Scottes, and of no great value, beyng also for thesame shewed suche euidence, as more substancial, more autentique, more plaine & euident, can not be brought furth for any part of gournde within our realme. Thesame was neu••rthelesse by theim denyed, refused, and the euidence onely for this cause reiected, that it was made (as they alleged) by En∣glishemen. And yet it was soo auncient, as it could not be counterfaite nowe, and the value of the grounde so lytle, and of so small wayte, as no manne would haue attempted to falsifie for suche a matter. And yet this denial beyng in this wise made vnto our commissioners, they ne∣uerthelesse by our cōmaundement departed as frendes fro the commis∣sion••rs of Scotland, takyng order as hath been accustomed for good rule vpon the borders in the meane tyme.

After whiche their recesse, the lorde Maxwell, Warden of the West Marches of Scotlād, made proclamacion for good rule, but yet added therwith, y^• the borderers of Scotland should withdrawe their goodes from the borderers of England: And incontinently after the Scottishe men borderers, the fowerth of Iuly, entred into our realme sodainly, & spoyled our subiectes, contrarye to our leagues, euen after suche extre∣mitie, as it had been in tyme of open warre. Wherat we muche meruai∣led, and wer compelled therfore to furnishe our border with a garison for defence of thesame. Wherevpon the kyng of Scottes sent vnto vs Iames Leyrmouth, Master of his houshold, with letters deuised in the moste pleasaunt maner, offeryng redresse and reformacion of all attem∣tates. And yet neuerthelesse at the entry of the sayd Leyrmouth into England, a great nombre of the Scottes, than not looked for, made a forrey into our borders, to the great annoyaunce of our subiectes, and to their extreme detr••••ent, wherewith and with that vnsemely dissimu∣lacion, we were not a litle moued, as reason would we should. And yet did we not finally to extremely persecute and cōtinue our sayd displea∣sure, but that we gaue benigne audience to the sayd Leyrmouth, and suffered our selfe to be somewhat altred by this woordes and fayre pro∣mises,

tendyng to the persuasion that we euer desired, to fynde the kyng of Scot••es suche a Nephieu vnto vs, as our proximitie of bloud, with our gratuitie vnto him, did require.

In the meane tyme of these fayre wordes, y^• dedes of the borders wer as extreme as might be, and our subiectes spoyled: and in a roade made by sir Robert Bowes for a reuenge therof, thesame sir Robert Bowes with many other taken prisoners, & yet deteined in Scotland, without puttyng them to fine and raunsome, as hath be euer accustomed. And beyng at the same tyme a surceaunce made on bothe sides at the suite of the sayd Leyrmouth for a season: the Scottes ceassed not to make sun∣dry inuasion into our realme in suche wise, as we wer compelled to for∣get fayre woordes, and onely to consider the kyng of Scottes dedes, whiche appeared vnto vs of that sorte, as they ought not for our dutie in defēce o•• ou•• subiectes, ne could not in respect of our honor, be passed ouer vnreformed: and therfore put in a readynesse our armye, as a due meane wherby we might attaigne suche a peace, as for the safegard of our subiectes we be bound to procure.

After whiche praparacion made, and knowlege had therof, the kyng of Scottes ceassed not to vse his accustomed meane of fayre woordes, whiche in our naturall inclinacion wrought eftsones their accustomed effect, euermore desirous to fynd in the kyng of Scottes suche a regard and respect to be declared in dedes as the correspondence of naturall loue in the Nephieu to suche an Uncle, as we haue shewed our selfe to∣wardes him, doth require. Wherfore vpō newe request and suite made vnto vs, we determined to staye our armye at Yorke, appointyng the duke of Norffolke our Lieutenaunt, the lorde Priuyseale, the bishop of Dureham, and the Master of our horses, there to commen, treate and conclude with the Ambassadors of Scotland, for an amitie and peace vpon suche condicions, as by reason & equitie were indifferent, wherby the warre might be exchued, beyng by sundry inuasion of the Scottes than open and manyfest.

In this communicacion betwene our and theyr commissioners, after dyuers degrees of cōmissions, shewed by the Scottes, and finally one, that was by our commissioners allowed, mat••ers wer proponed for cō∣clusion of amitie, nothyng difficile or hard on our part, but so agreabl•• to reason, as the commissioners of Scotland sayd, they doubted not, but if it might be brought to passe, that the kyng of Scottes our Ne∣phieu might haue a metyng with vs, all matters should easely be com∣poned and determined. Wherevpon they left speakyng of any articles of amitie, and the ambassadors of Scotland made muche outward ioy in communicacion of metyng, they shewed theimselfe in wordes, facion & behauor muche to delight in it, to re••oyce in it, & therewith thought it easy and facile to be cōcluded and accomplished, and for their part thei toke it then for a thyng passed, a thyng concluded, and moste certain to take effect, and onely desired vi. dayes to obteigne aunswere from their

Master, and our armye for that tyme to stay and go no further: Wher∣vnto our commissioners then agreed.

After these vi. dayes was sent a Commission out of Scotland, with power to conclude a metyng precisely at suche a place, as they knewe well we would not, ne could not in wynter obserue and kepe, wherwith when our commissioners were miscontent, the Ambassadors of Scot∣land to relieue that displeasure, and to tempre the matter, whereby to wynne more tyme, shewed forth their instruccions, wherin libertie was geuen to the ambassadors to excede their cōmission in the appointment of the place, and to consent to any other by our commissioners thought conuenient, whiche maner of procedyng, when our commissioners re••u∣sed, alleging that thei would not conclude a metyng with men, hauyng no commission thervnto: the ambassadors of Scotland vpon pretence to send for a more ample and large cōmission agreable to their instruc∣cions for appointment of the place, obteined a delay of other vi. dayes, to send for thesayd ample commission without restraint of place. And after those vi. dayes they brought forth a newe commission, made in a good fourme, and without excepcion: But therewith they shewed also newe instruccions, cōteinyng suche a restainte as the former cōmission did conteine, so as the libertie geuen to the Commissioners in the com∣mission was nowe at the last remoued and taken away by the instrucci∣ons, with addicion of a special charge to the Ambassadors not to excede thesame.

And thus first the Ambassadors of Scotlād semed to haue wyll and desire to conclude a place semely and conuenient, whiche for want of cō∣mission thei might not do, & at the last might haue concluded a metyng by vertue of their commission, and then for feare of the cōmaundement in their secōd instruccions they durst not. And so they shewed their first instruccions partly to excuse their kyng, who should seme secretely to wyll more, than in the commission he did openly professe.

And than with an ample commission frō the kyng, they shewed their secrete instruccions for defence of theimselfe, why they proceded not ac∣cordyng to their commission, not caryng how muche they charged ther∣in their kyng, whose faulte they disclosed to discharge theim selfe, tru∣styng that by benefite of the Wynter approchyng, and the tyme lost in their cōmunicacion their Master should be defēded against our power for this yere, without doyng for their part that by honor, right, lawe, & leagues they be obliged and bound to do. And in this meane tyme our subiectes taken prisoners in Scotland could not be deliuered vpon a∣ny raūsome, cōtrary to all custome and vsage of the borders in the tyme of peace and warre, and in this meane tyme stayed a great part of our armye allready prested, and in our wages to go forward. In this tyme Ambassadours (as ye haue heard) assembled to talke of an amitie and conclude it not. The treatyng of amitie was put ouer by communica∣cion of a metyng.

The cōmunicacion of metyng was so handled by alteracion of com∣mission and instruccions on their behalfe, as it appereth a plaine deuise onely excogita••e for a delay, whiche hath geuen vs light, wherevpon more certainly to iudge the kyng of Scottes inwarde affeccion towar∣des vs, whose dedes and woordes well wayed and considered, doeth vs plainely to vnderstande, how he hath continually labored to abuse vs with swete and pleasaunt woordes, and to satisfy the appetites of other at home and abrode with his vnkynde and displeasaunt dedes. In his wordes he professeth an insoluble amitie, he allegeth kynred, he know∣legeth benef••tes, onely the faulte is that he speaketh another language to all the worlde in dedes, and thereby so toucheth vs in honor and de∣negacion of iustice, as we be inforced and compelled to vse the sworde, whiche God hath ••ut in our hand as an extreme remedy, wherby to ob∣teigne both quietnes for our subiectes, and also that is due vnto vs by right, pactes, and leagues.

We haue paciētly suffered many delusions, and notably the last yere when we made preparacion at Yorke for his repaire to vs: But should we suffre our people and subiectes to be so oft spoyled without remedy? This is done by the Scottes whatsoeuer their wordes be. Should we suffer our rebelles to be deteigned contrary to the leagues without re∣medy? This is also done by theim whatsoeuer their woordes be.

Should we suffre our land to be vsurped contrary to our moste plaine euidence, onely vpon a wille, pryde, and arrogancie of the other partie? This is done by thē whatsoeuer their wordes be. And all these be ouer pre••umptuously done against vs, & geue suche significaciō of their ar∣rogācie, as it is necessary for vs to oppresse it in the beginnyng, lest thei should gather further courage to y^e greater displeasure of vs & our po∣steritie hereafter. And yet in y^e intreatyng of this mattter, if we had not euidently perceiued the lacke of suche affeccion as proximitie of bloud should req••ire, we would muche rather haue remitted these iniuries in respect of proximitie of bloud to our Nephieu, than we did heretofore y^• inuasion of his father. But consideryng we be so surely ascertained of y^e lacke therof, & that our bloud is there frorne w^t the colde ayre of Scot∣land, ther was neuer prince more violently compelled to warre then we be, by the vnkynde dealyng, vniust behauor, vnprincely demeanour of him that yet in nature is our Nephieu, and in his actes and dedes de∣clareth himselfe not to be moued ther w^t; ne to haue suche ernest regarde to the obseruacion to his pactes and leagues, ne suche respect to the in∣tertainement of the administracion of iustice, as naturall equitie byn∣deth, and cōseruacion of amitie doeth require: whiche we muche lament and be sory for, and vse nowe our force and puissaunce against him, not for reuengeance of our priuate displeasure (beyng so often deluded as we haue been) but for recouery of our right, the preseruaciō of our sub∣iectes frō iniuries, & the obseruacion of suche leagues as haue passed betwene vs, firmely trustyng, that almightie God vnder whom we

reigne, woll assist and ayde our iust procedynges herein to the furthe∣raunce and aduauncement of the right, whiche we doubt not shall euer preuaile against wrong, falsehead, deceipte and dissimulacion.

Hitherto it appeareth how this present warre hath not proceded of any demaunde of our right of superioritie, whiche the kyng of Scottes haue alwayes knowleged by homage and fealtie to our progenitours euen from the beginnyng: But this warre hath been prouoked & occa∣sioned vpō present matter of displeasure, present iniury, present wrong ministred by the Nephieu to the Uncle moste vnnaturally, and suppor∣ted cōtrary to the desertes of our benefites moste vnkyndly. If we had mynded the possession of Scotland, & by the mocion of warre to attain thesame, there was neuer kyng of this realme had more oportunitie in the minoritie of our nephieu. Ne in any other realme a prince that hath more iust title, more euident title, more certain title, to any realme that he can clayme, then we haue to Scotland, not deuised by pretence of mariage, not imagined by couenaunt, or contriued by inuencion of ar∣gument, but lineally descended from the beginnyng of that a state esta∣blished by our progenitors, and recognised successiuely of the kynges of Scotland by dedes, woordes, actes and writynges continually al∣most without interrupcion, or at the leest intermission, till the reigne of our progenitor Henry the vi. in whose tyme the Scottes abused the ci∣uile warre of this realme, to their licence and boldnes, in omittyng of their du••tie: whiche for y^• proximitie of bloud betwene vs, we haue been s••a••ke to require of them, beyng also of our selfe inclined to peace, as we haue euer been alwayes glad, rather without preiudice to omitte to de∣maunde our right, if it might cōserue peace, than by demaūdyng ther∣of to be seen to moue warre, specially against our neighbor, against our Nephieu, against him, whom we haue preserued from daungier, and in suche a tyme as it were expedient for all Christendome to be vnite in peace, wherby to be the more able to resist the cōmon enemy the Turke.

But for whatsoeuer cōsideracions we haue omitted to speake hither∣to of the matter, it is neue••theles true, that y^e kynges of Scottes haue alwayes knowleged the kynges of England superior lordes of the realme of Scotland, and haue done homage and fealtie for thesame.

This appeareth fyrst by history, written by suche as for confirmaci∣on of the trueth in memory, haue truely noted and signified the same.

Secondly it appeareth by instrumentes of homage made by the kyn∣g••s of Scottes, and diuers notable personages of Scotlād, at diuers and sūdry tymes sealed with their seales, & remainyng in our treasory. ••hyrdly it appeareth by Regesters and Recordes iudicially and au∣••••ntiquely made, yet preserued for confirmacion of the same. So as the ••atter of title beyng moste plaine, is furnished also with all maner of euidences for declaracion therof.

Fyrst as concernyng histories, whiche be called witnesses of tymes,

the light of trueth, and the life of memory, & finally the conuenient way and meane, whereby thynges of antiquiti•• may be brought to mennes knowlege, they shewe as plainly this matter as could be wyshed or re∣quired, with such•• a consent of writers, as could not so agree vppon an vntrueth, conteignyng declaracion of suche matter as hath moste eui∣dent probabilitie & apparaunce. For as it is probable and likely, that for the better administracion of iustice amonges rude people, two or m•• of one estate might be rulers in one countrey vnite as this Isle is: so is it probable and likely, that in the beginnyng it was so ordred for auoy∣dyng discencion, that there shuold be one superior in right, of whom the sayd estates should depend. Accordyng whervnto we rede how Brute, of whom the realme than called Brytain tooke ••yrst tat name (beyng before that tyme inhabited with Gyauntes, people without order or ci∣uilitie) had thre sonnes, Loc••ine, Albanact, and Camber, & determinyng to haue the whole Isle within the Occean sea to be after gouerned by theim thre, appointed Albanact to rule that nowe is called Scotland, Camber the parties of Wales, and Locrine that nowe is called Eng∣land: vnto whō as beyng the elder sonne, the other two brothers should do homage recognisyng and knowlegyng him as theyr superior. Now consider if Brutus cōquered al this Iland, as the history sayeth he did, and then in his own tyme made this order of superioritie as afore: how can there be a title deuised of a more plaine beginnyng, a more iust be∣ginnyng, a more conuenient beginnyng for the order of this Iland, at that tyme specially when the people were rude, whiche cannot without continual strife and variaunce cōteine two or thre rule••s in al pointes equal without any maner of superioritie, the inward conscience and re∣morse of whiche superioritie should in some part dul and diminishe the peruerse corage of resistence and rebellion. The fyrst diuision of this Isle we fynde it written a••ter this sort without cause of suspeccion why they should write amysse. And accordyng herevnto we fynde also in history set forth by diuers, how for transgression against this superio∣ritie, our predecessors haue chastised the kynges of Scott••s, and some deposed, and put other in theyr places.

We will here omit to speake of the rudenes of the antiquitie in par∣ticularitie, whiche they cared not distinctly to commit to writyng, but some authors, as Anthonius Sabellicus amonges other diligently enserchyng, what he might truely write of all Europe, and the Ilandes adioynyng, ouer and besydes that whiche he writeth of the nature, ma∣ners, and condicions of the Scottes, whiche who so lyst to rede, shall fynde to haue been the very same in tymes paste, that we fynde theim now at this present, he calleth Scotland part of England, whiche is a∣agreable to the diuision aforesayd, beyng in dede as in the land con∣tinuall without separacion of the sea, so also by homage and fealtie vnite vn••o thesame, as by particuler declaracions shal most manifest∣ly

appere by the testimony of suche as haue left writyng for profe ••nd con••irmacion therof. In whiche matter passyng ouer the death of kyng Humber, the actes of Dunwald kyng of this realme, the deuision of 〈◊〉〈◊〉 and Brene, the victories of kyng Arthur, we shal begynne at the yere of oure Lorde DCCCC. whiche is DCxlii. yeres past, a tyme of sufficient auncientie, from whiche we shal make special declaracion and euident of the execucion of our right and title of superioritie euermore continued and preserued hitherto.

Edward the fyrst be••ore the conquest, sonne to Alured kyng of Eng∣land had vnder his dominion and obedience the kyng of Scottes. And here is to be noted, that this matter was so notorious and manifest, as Maryon a Scot writyng that story in those dayes, graunteth, confes∣seth, and testifieth thesame, and this dominion continued in that state xxiii. yere: At whiche tyme Athelstaine succeded in the croune of Eng∣land, and hauyng by battaile conquered Scotland, he made one Con∣stantyne kyng of that partie, to rule and gouerne the coūtrey of Scot∣land vnder him, addyng this princely worde, That it was more honor to him to make a kyng, than to be a kyng.

Xxiiii. yeres after that, whiche was the yere of our lorde, D ccccxlvii. Eldred kyng our progenitor, Athelstaines brother, tooke homage of I∣••ise then kyng of Scottes.

Xxx. yeres after that, whiche was in the yere of Lorde Dcccclxxvii. kyng Edgar our predecessor toke homage of Kinald kyng of Scottes. Here was a litle trouble in England by the death of S. Edward kyng and martyr, destroyed by the deceite of his mother in lawe: but yet with in memory.

Xl. yeres after the homage done by Kynald to kyng Edgare, that is to say, in the yere of our lorde M.xvii. Malcolme kyng of Scottes did homage to Knute our predecessor. After this homage done the Scottes vttered some piece of theyr naturall disposicion, wherevpon by warre made by oure progenitor saint Edawrde the Confessor xxxix. yere after that homage done, that is to say, the yere of our lord M.lvi. Malcolme kyng of Scottes was vanquished, and the realme of Scotland geuen to Malcolme his sonne by our sayd progenitor sainct Edwarde: vnto whom thesayd Malcolme made homage and fealtie.

Within xi. yeres a••ter that Wylliam Conqueror entred this realme whereo•• he accoumpted no perfect conquest, vntill he had likewise sub∣dued the Scottes, and therfore in the sayd yere, whiche was in the yere of oure Lorde M.lxviii. the sayd Malcolme kyng of Scottes did ho∣mage to the sayd Wyllyam Conqueror, as his superior by conquest kyng of England.

Xxv. y••res after that, which was in the yere of our Lord M.xciii. the sayd Malcolme did homage and fealtie to Wyllyam Rufus, sonne to the sayd Wyllyam Conqueror: and yet after that was for his offences

and demerites deposed, and his sonne substitute in his place, who like∣wise fayled of his dutie, and therfore was ordained in that estate by the sayd Wyllyam Rufus, Edgare brother to the last Malcolme, & sonne to the fyrst, who did his homage and fealtie accordyngly.

Seuen yeres after that, whiche was in the yere of our Lorde M.C. the sayd Edgar kyng of Scottes, did homage to Henry the fyrst, our progenitour.

Xxxvii. yere after that Dauid kyng of Scottes did homage to Ma∣tilde the Emperatrice, as daughter and heyre to Hēry the fyrst. Wher∣fore beyng after required by Stephyn, then obteignyng possession of the realme, to make his homage, he refused so to do, because he had be∣fore made it to the sayd Matilde, and thervpon forbare. After whiche Dauids death, whiche ensued shortly after, the sōne of the sayd Dauid made homage to the sayd kyng Stephyn.

Xiiii. yeres after that, whiche was in the yere of oure Lorde, M.Cl. Wyllyam kyng of Scottes, & Dauid his brother, with all the nobles of Scotland made homage of Henry the secondes sonne, with a reser∣uacion of their dutie to Henry the second his father.

Xxv. yeres after that, whiche was in the yere of our lorde, M.Clxxv. Wyllyam kyng of Scotland, after muche rebellion and resistence, ac∣cordyng to their natural inclinacion, kyng Henry the seconde, than be∣yng in Normandy, Wyllyā then kyng o•• Scottes knowleged finally his errour, and made his peace and composicion, confirmed with his great seale, and the seales of the nobilitie of Scotlande, makyng there∣with his homage and fealtie.

Within xv. yeres after that, whiche was y^• yere of our lord M.C.lxxxx. the sayd Wyllyā kyng of Scottes, came to our citie of Cauntorbury, & there did homage to our noble progenitour kyng Richard the fyrst.

Xiiii. yeres after that, thesayd Wyllyam did homage to oure proge∣nitor kyng Ihon, vpon a hyll besides Lyncolne, makyng his othe vpō the crosse of Hubert than archebishop of Cauntorbury, beyng there pr••¦sent a meruailous multitude assembled for that purpose.

Xxvi. yeres after that, whiche was in the yere of our lord M.CCxvi. Alexander kyng of Scottes maryed Margarete, the doughter of our progenitor Henry the third, at our citie of Yorke, in the feast of Christ∣mas: at whiche tyme y^• sayd Alexander did his homage to our sayd pro∣genitor: who reigned in this realme, lvi. yeres. And therfore betwene the homage made by the sayd Alexander kyng of Scottes, and the ho∣mage done by Alexander, sonne, to y^e sayd kyng of Scottes, to Edward the fyrst at his coronacion at Westminster, there was about fifty yeres at whiche tyme the sayd Alexander kyng of Scottes repayred to the sayd feast of coronacion, and there did his duetie as is aforesayd.

Within xxviii. yeres after that, whiche was the yere of our lorde M. CC.lxxxii. Ihon Baliol kyng of Scottes, made his homage and fealti•• to the sayd kyng Edward the fyrst, our progenitor.

After this began Robert Bruse to vsurpe the croune of Scotland, and to moue s••di••ion therefore, against theim of the house of Balioll, whi••h made for ••••cason some interrupcion in thesayd homage: but yet no 〈◊〉〈◊〉 without the termes of memory. For within xliiii. yeare a••ter, whiche was the yere of our lorde, M.CCCxlvi. Edward Baliol, after a great victory had in Scotlād against thother factiō, & enioying the croune of Scotlande, made homage to our progenitour Edwarde the third.

And xx. yeres after that, whiche was in the yere of our Lorde M. CCCxxvi. Dauid Bruse, who was euer in the contrary faction, did ne∣uerthelesse in the title of the croune of Scotland, whereof he was then in possession, make homage to our sayd progenitor Edward the third.

Within ix. yeres after this, Edward the third, to chas••ise the infideli∣tie of the Scottes, made warre against theim: where after great victo∣ries, Edwarde Balliol hauyng the iust and right title to the realme of Scotlande, surrendred ••lerely thesame to our sayd progenitour at the toune of Rokysbrough in Scotlande: where our sayd progenitour ac∣cepted thesame, and than caused himselfe to be crouned kyng of Scot∣land, and for a tyme enterteigned it, and enioyed it, as very proprietary and owner of the realme, as on thone partie by confiscacion acquired, & on the other part by free will surrendred vnto him.

And then after the death of our sayd progenitour Edward the third, beganne sedicions and insurreccions in this our realme, in the tyme of our progenitour Richard the second, whiche was augmented by the al∣t••••ation of t••e state of thesayd Richard, and the deuolucion of thesame, to Henry the fowerth, so as the Scottes had some leysure to play their v••gues, and folowe their accustomed manier. And yet Henry the v. for recou••ry of his right in Fraucne, commaunded the kyng of Scottes to attende vpō him in that iourney. And in this tyme the realme of Scot∣land beyng descended to the house of the Stewardes, of whiche our Nephieu directly commeth, Iames Stewarde kyng of Scottes, in the yere of oure Lorde M.CCCC.xxiii. made homage to Henry the vi. at Wyndsore. Whiche homage was distaunt from the tyme of the other homage made by Dauid Bruse lx. yeres and more, but farre within the freshe memory of man.

All whiche homages and fealties as they appeare by storye to haue been made and done at tymes and season as afore: so do there remayne instrumentes made thervpon and sealed with the seales of the kynges of Scotland testifiyng thesame. And yet doeth it appere by story, how the Scottes practi••ed to steale out of our treasurye dyuers of these in∣strumentes, whiche neuerthelesse were after recouered againe. And to the intent ye may knowe of what fourme and tenour the sayd instrumē∣tes be, here is inserted the effecte in worde and sentence as they be made, whiche we do, to mete with the cauellacion and contriued euasion of the Scottes, allegyng the homage to haue been made for the Erledome of

Hūtyngtō, which is as trew as the allegatiō of him that is burnt in the hande, to saye he was cut with a sikle. And therfore the tenour of the ho∣mage is this.

I Ihon .N. kyng of Scottes shall be trew and faithfull vnto you lorde Edward by the grace of god kyng of England, the noble and su∣perior lorde of the kyngdome of Scotland, and vnto you I make my fidelitie of thesame kyngdome of Scotland, the which I hold, & claime to holde of you: and I shall beare to you my faith and fidelitie of life & lymme and worldly honour against all men, & faithfully I shal know∣lege, and shal do to you seruice due vnto you of the kyngdome of Scot¦land a foresaied, as god so helpe and these holy euangelies.

Now for the third parte touchyng recordes and registres, wee haue them so formall, so autentiquall, so seriously handeled, and with such circumstaunces declaryng the matiers, as thei be & ought to be a great corroboracion of that hath ben in stories writen & reported in this mat∣ter. For a monges other thynges we haue the solempne act, and iudici∣al processe of our progenitour Edward the first, in discussion of the title of Scotland, when the same was challenged by twelue competitours: That is to say,

• Forentius comes Holandie.
• Patricius de Dūbar comes de Merchia.
• VVillielmus de Vesty
• VVillielmus de Ros.
• Robertus de Pinbeny.
• Nicholaus de Soules.
• Patritius Galightly.
• Rogerus de Mundeville
• Ioannes de Comyn.
• D. Ioannes de Hastinges.
• Ioannes de Balliolo.
• Robertus de Bruse.
• Er••ius rex Norvvegie.

And finally, after a great consultacion and mature deliberacion, with dis••ussion of the allegations proponed on all parties, sentence was ge∣uen for the title of Balliol, accordyng wher vnto he enioyed the realme. But for confirmaciō of the dutie of the homage before that tyme obser∣ued by the kynges of Scottes, it appereth in those recordes, how when those competitours of the Realme of Scotlande repaired to oure saied progenitour, as to the chief lorde for discussion of the same, in as muche as the a••••horitie of the iudgement to be geuen depended ther vpon: It was than ordered, that the whole parliament of Scotlande spirituall temporall and of all degrees assembled for that purpose, and cōsidering vpon what ground and foundation the Kynges of Scotlande had in tymes past made the saied homages and recognition of superioritie, the saied parliament ••yndyng the same good and trew, should if thei so de∣med it, yeld and geue place, and by expresse consent recognise thesame. At whiche parliament was alledged vnto them, as appereth in the same recordes, not only these actes of the princes before those daies, & befor rehersed: but also besides the testimonye of stories, the writynges and

letters of forein princes, at that tyme recityng and rehersyng thesame: Wherevppon thesaied parliament did ther agree to this our superiori∣tie, and ensuyng their determination did particularly and seuerally make homage and fealtie with Proclamation, that whosoeuer with∣drue him sel••e from doyng his dutie therein, shoulde be reputed as a re∣bell: And so all made homage and fealtie to oure progenitour Edward the first. This Realme was in the tyme of the discussion of the title ru∣led by Gardians deputed by hym, al castels and holdes were surrende∣red to him as to the superior lord in the tyme of vacation, benefises, of∣fices, fees, promotiōs passed in that tyme from the mere gift of our saied progenitour, as in the right of this croune of England, Shirifes na∣med and appointed, writtes and preceptes made, obeied, and executed: and finally all that wee do nowe in the Duchie of Lancaster, the same dyd our progenitour for the tyme of our contencion for that title in the realme of Scotlande, by the consent of an agrument of all estates of the realme assembled and consulted with for that purpose. At whiche tyme the bishopes of saint Andrewes and Glascoo wer not as thei now be arche byshopes, but recognised the archebishop of Yorke, whiche ex∣tended ouer al that countrey,

Now if the Scottes wil take exception to the homage of ther princes as made in warr and by force whiche is not true: what will thei say or can thei for shame allege against ther awne parliament, not of some but of all confirmed and testefied by there writynges and seales? wherevn∣to nothyng enforced them, but right and reason, beyng passed in peace & q••iet wit••out armoure or compulsion. If thei say thei did it not, thei speake like them selfes, If thei say thei did it, then do they now like them self, to withdraw ther duetie, not so much to be blamed, as to be amēded.

Thus apereth vnto you the begynnyng of the right of superioritie, with a perpetuall continuaunce, without intermission within memorie, certayne omssi••on and forbearyng vpon the groundes and occasions before specified we deny not. Wherby thei haue many times sought and taken there oportunities, to withdraw the doyng of ther dutie in know∣lege of our superioritie ouer them, which to auoyde, thei haue not cared what thei saied or alleged▪ though it wer neuer s vntrue: lyeng alwaies in a wait whan thei might annoy this Realme, not without there awne great daunger, peril, & extreme detryment. But as thei detracted the do∣yng of their dutie, so god euer graunted vnto this realme force to com∣pell them thervnto within memorie, notwithstandyng any their inter∣ruptiō by resistaunce, which vnto the tyme of our progenitor Hēry the sixt neuer indured so long as it made intermission within tyme of mynd wherby they possession might seme to be enpaired, from the time of Henry the sixte vnto the seuenth yere of oure reigne, oure Realme hath bene for a season lacerate and torne by diuersitie of titles tyll oure tyme and sithence by war outwardly vexed & troubled: The storye is so la∣lamentable

for some parte therof, as were tedious to reherse,

Sythen the death of our progenitor, Henry the .vi. our Graundfa∣ther Edward the .iiii. reigned, who after great traueyls to attayne qui∣etnes in his Realme, finally in the tyme of preparation of warr against Scotland, dyed.

Rycharde the .iii. then vsurped for a small tyme in yeres, whom the Kyng our father by the strength of Gods hand ouerthr••w in battayll, and most iustly attayned the possession of this Realme, who neuerthe∣lesse after the great tempestious stormes, fyndynge all matters not yet brought to a perfecte quyet and rest, ceassed and forbare to requyre of the Scottes to do their duty, thinkyng it policy rather for that tyme to assay to tame their nature by the pleasaunt coniunction & conuer••ation of affinitie, then to charge them with their faulte, and requyre dutye of them, when oportunitie serued not, by force and feare to constrayne & compell them.

And thus passed ouer the reigne of our father, without demaunde of this homage▪ And beyng our reigne nowe .xxxiiii. yeres, we were .xxi. yere latted by our Nephieu his minoritie, beyng then more careful how to bryng him out of daūger, to the place of a king, then to receiue of him homage when he had full possession of the same. Wherfore beyng now passed sithens the last homage made by the king of Scottes to our pro∣genitor Henry the .vi.C.xxii. yere, at which tyme the homage was done at Wyndesore by Iames Stuard, then kyng of Scottes, as afore, lvi. of these yeres the crowne of this Realme was in contencion, the trouble wherof engendred also some busynesse in the tyme of the kyng our fa∣ther, which was xxiiii. yere: And in our tyme .xxi. yere hath passed in the minoritie of our Nephieu. So as finally the Scottes resortynge to their only defence of discontinuance of possession, can only alledge iustli but .xiii. yere of sylence in the tyme of our reygne, beynge all the other tymes sythens the homage done by Iames Steward, suche as the sy∣lence in them had thei ben neuer so long, could not haue engendred pre∣iudice to the losse of any ryght, that may yet be declared & proued due. For what can be imputed to Kyng Edward for not demaundyng ho∣mage beynge in stryfe for that estate, whervnto the homage was due? What should Rychard the ▪iii. serch for homage in Scotland▪ that had neither ryght ne leasure to haue homage done vnto hym in Englande? Who can blame our father, knowyng the Scottes nature, neuer to do their dutie but for feare, if he demaunded not that of them, whych they woulde exchue if thei might, beyng his Realme not clerely then purged from yll seede of sediciō, sparkled & scattered in the cruell ciuile warres before.

Lawe and reason serueth, that the passyng ouer of tyme not commo∣dious y^• the purpose, is not allegeable in prescriptiō for the losse of any ryght. And the minoritie of the kyng of Scottes hath endured .xxi. yeres of our reigne, whiche beynge an impediment on their parte, the

whole prescription of the Scottes, if the matter were prescriptible, is thus deduced euidently to .xiii. yere, which .xiii. yere without excuse we haue ceassed and forborne to demaunde our dutie, lyke as the Scottes haue lykewyse ••eassed to offer and tende the same. For whych cause ne∣uerthelesse we doo not enter this warre, ne mynded to demaunde anye suche matter, nowe beyng rather desirous to reioyce and take comfort in the frendship of our Nephieu, as our neyboure, then to moue matter vnto hym of displeasure, wherby to alienate suche naturall inclinacion of loue, as he should haue toward vs. But such be the workes of God, superior ouer all, to suffer occasions to be ministred, wherby due supe∣rioritie maye be knowen, demaunded and requyred, to the entent that accordyng ther vnto all thynges gouerned in due ordre here, we may to his pleasure passe ouer this lyfe to his honor & glorye: which he graunt vs to doo, in suche rest, peace and tranquilitie, as shalbe mete and con∣uenient for vs.

When the Kyng had setfurth the Declaracion of the cause of his war as is aboue mencioned. Then sent he furth the duke of Norffolke Li••u∣tenaunt generall, accōpanyed with the Erles of Shrewisbury Da••by, Comberland, Surrey, Hertford, Anguysh, Ru••land, and the Lordes of the North parties, and syr Anthony Browne Master of the Kynges horsse, syr Ihon Gage Comptroller of the Kynges house, and .xx. M. men well appoynted, whych entered Scotland the .xxi. day of October, and taryed there, viii. dayes without battell, and brent the townes of Paxton, Ramrige, Styne, Gradyn, Shylles Lang Ednem, Newton, Skytshell, Newthorne, Smellem Spyttle, the two Merdens, Siede∣ryke, and the two Broxlawes, Florys and the Fayre Crofte, Ednem Spyttle, Roxborough, Kelsey & the Abbey, Lang Spronstow, Ryden, and Hadenston, And whyle the Duke was at Farneton in Scotlande the .iiii. day. there came to speke with hym halfe a myle from the Hoste, from the kyng of Scottes, the Bisshop of Orkeney and Iames Leire∣mouth Maister of the houshold, to entreate peace, but they agreed not. And the Armye laye so long in Scotland•• as they myght for hongre & colde without anye countynaunce of harme, and so for necessytie retur∣ned to Barwycke. And all this iourney the Standarde of the Erle of Hampton which dyed at New Castell, was borne in the forwarde, be∣cause he was appoynted Capitayne of the same.

The kyng of Scottes hearyng that the Army was returned, reysed an army of .xv. thousand chosen men of all pa••tes of his Realme vnder the guydyng of the Lorde Maxwell Wardeyn of his west Marches, bosting to tary as long in England as the Duke dyd in Scotlād. And so on fridai beyng s. Katheryns euen, thei passed ouer the water of Eske & brent certayne houses of the Greues on the very border. Thomas ba∣stard Dacres with Iacke of Musgraue sēt word to sir Thomas whar∣ton Wardein for the king on the west Marches, to come on to succour them: but the sayd .ii. valiaūt Captayns, although the Scottes entered

fiersly, yet thei manfully and coragiously set on theim, with an, C. light horsse, and left a stale on the side of a hill, where withall the Scottes wer wonderfully dismaide, either thynkyng that the duke of Norffolke, had been come to the west Marches, with his great army: or els thei thought that some greater armie came,* 15.309 when thei espied sir Thomas Wharton, commyng with .iii.C. men onely. But at that tyme, so God ordeined it to be, that thei at the first bront fied, and thenglishemen folowed, and there wer taken prisoners therles of Casselles, and Glancarne, the lord Ma∣xwell, Admirall and Wa••dein, the lorde Flemmyng, the lorde Somer∣well, the lorde Oliphant, the lorde Gray, sir Oliuer Senclere, the kyn∣ges miniō, Ihon Rosse lorde of Oragy, Robert Eskyn sonne to the lord Eskyn, Carre Larde of Gredon, the Lorde Maxwelles twoo brethren, Ihon Lesley Bastard to the Erle of Rothus, and twoo hundred gentle∣menne more, and aboue eight hundred common people, in somuche that some one man, yea, and women had three or foure prisoners. Thei toke also twentie and foure gonnes, foure cartes with speares, and ten paui∣liōs. This was onely the handstroke of God, for the Cardinal of Scot∣lande promised them heauen, for destruccion of Englande.

The kyng of Scottes tooke a greate thought,* 15.310 for this discomfiture, and also because that an Englishe Herauld called Somerset was slain at Dunbarre, whiche thynges together he tooke so vnpaciently that he died in a Frenesy. Although many reported that the kyng hymself was at this bickeryng, and there receiued his deathes wounde, and fled ther∣with into Scotlande. But howsoeuer it was, true it is as is aforesaied he died, and the Quene his wife was deliuered of a daughter, on our la∣dy Euen before Christmas, called Mary. Of the prisoners aforesaied twentie and foure of the chief of theim, were brought vp to the Tower of London, and there were twoo daies. And on Saincte Thomas daie the Apostle before Christmas, thei were solemply conueighed through London to Westminster, where the Kynges counsaill sat, and there the Lorde Chauncellor, declared to theim their vntruthe, vnkyndenes, and false dissimulacion, declaryng farther how the kyng had cause of warre against them, bothe for the deniyng of their homages, and also for their trayterous inuasions without defiaunce, and also for kepyng his sub∣iectes prisoners without redempcion, contrary to the olde Lawes of the Marches, for whiche doynges, God as thei might perceiue had skour∣ged theim: Howbeit the kyng more regardyng his honor, then his prin∣cely power, was content to shewe to theim kyndenes, for vnkyndenes, and right for wrong. And although he might haue kept theim in straite prison, by iuste lawe of Armes, yet he was content that thei should haue libertie, to bee with the nobles of his Realme, in their houses. And so ac∣cordyng to their estates, thei wer appoynted to Dukes, Erles, Bishop∣pes, Knightes, and other Gentlemen, whiche so entretaigned theim, that thei confessed theimselfes, neuer to bee better enterteigned, nor to haue had greater chere.

But after their newe gladnes, tidynges came to theim, of the death of their Kyng, whiche thei sore lamented, and hearyng that he had lefte an onely daughter his heire, thei wisshed her in Englande, to bee maried to the Prince the kynges sonne. The Kyng and his Counsaill, perceiuyng the ouerture nowe to bee made, whiche waie without warre these twoo realmes, might bee brought into one, sent for all the prisoners fewe lac∣kyng, to his Manor of Hāpton Court, on sainct Stephens daie, where thei wer so well enterteigned, bothe of the kyng and his nobles, that thei saied, thei neuer sawe kyng but hym, and saied that God was better ser∣ued here, then in their countrey: howbeit their Kirkmen preached, that in Englande was neither Masse, nor any seruice of God. And thei promi∣sed the kyng, to doo all that in theim laie with their frendes to performe asmuche as he required. Whereupon not without greate rewardes, thei departed towarde Scotlande, on Newe yeres daie, and by the waie thei sawe the Prince, and came to Newe Castle to the Duke of Suffolke, who vpon hostages deliuered theim, and so the•• entered Scotland and wer well and gladly welcomed.

Likewise therle of Angus, whiche was banished Scotlande, and had of the kynges Fee, yerely a thousande marke, and sir George Douglas his brother, had fiue hundred marke. These wer accepted into Scotla••d, and restored by the last kynges will, and therle of Angus and diuerse of the Lordes that were prisoners, were made of the priuie counsaill of the realme, by the Erle of Arrein, Gouernour of the young Quene, and the realme, as next heire apparaunt: notwithstandyng that the Archebishop of Sainct Androwes and Cardinall, enemie mortall to the Kyng and realme of Englande, for the Bishoppe of Romes aucthoritie (and part∣ly set on by the Frenche kyng, for thesame cause) had forged a will, that the kyng had made hym Gouernour, associate with twoo Erles of his affinitie, bothe of the Realme, and of the young Quene, contrary to the Lawes of Scotlande. Whereupon thesaied Erle of Arrain, accordyng to his right, with the helpe of his frendes, tooke vpon hym the rule of Gouernour, and put thesaied false Cardinall in prison, and deliuered sir Robert Bowes and other prisoners, by their bandes, accordyng to the custom of the Marches. And so in Marche next folowyng, the Scottes beganne their Parliament.

All this yere there was neither perfite peace, nor open warre, betwene Englande and Fraunce, but Shippes were taken on bothe sides, and Merchantes robbed. And at the laste the Merchantes goodes on bothe parties were seazed, and likewise the Ambassadours, of bothe Realmes were staied: howbeit shortly after, the Ambassadours wer deliuered, but yet the Merchauntes wer robbed, and no warre proclaimed.

In the ende of this yere, came from the Gouernour of Scotlande as Ambassadours, sir William Hambleton, Iames Leyremouthe, and the Secretory of Scotland, whose message was so meanely liked, that thei were fain to sende an Herauld into Scotlande, for other Ambassadors,

and so hether came the erle of Glancarn, and sir George Douglash and whatsoeuer their answere was, sir George returned in Poste, and with∣in twentie daies, came again with an honest answere, but that honestie eudured a small tyme.

¶The .xxxv. yere.

IN the beginnyng of this yere on Trinitie Sondaie, was a newe League sworne, betwene the Kyng and the Empe∣rour, at Hampton Courte, to bee frendes to their frendes, and enemies to their enemies.

The thirde daie of Iune came to the Courte, from the Realme of Irelande, the Lorde Obryn, the Lorde Macke Willyam Brough, the Lorde Macke Gilpatricke. And in Iuly thesaied Obryn was created Erle of Townon, and Lorde Macke Willyam, was crea∣ted Erle of Claurikard, and sir Dunon Obryn was made Baron of Ebranky, and so with rewardes thei tooke their leaue, and returned. Also thesame Monethe, the Scottishe Ambassadours returned with greate rewardes.

At this season the Kyng and the Emperoure, sent Garter and Toy∣son Kynges at Armes, to demaunde certaine thynges of the Frenche Kyng, whiche if he did deny, then to defie hym, but he would not suffer theim to come within his lande, and so thei returned. Whereupon the∣saied demaundes, were shewed to the Ambassadoure at Westminster. And in Iuly the Kyng sent ouer sixe thousande tall menne, whereof was Capitain generall, sir Ihon Wallop, and sir Thomas Seymour Marshall, and sir Richarde Cromewell Capitain of the horsse menne, whiche assaulted a Toune called Laundersey,* 15.311 vnto the whiche assaulte came the Emperoure in proper person. And shortely after came doune the Frenche Kyng in proper persone, with a greate armie, and offered the Emperoure battaill, by reason whereof the siege was reysed, and streight the Frenche menne victayled the Toune, whiche was the onely cause of their commyng. For the nexte daie, the Emperoure bee∣yng ready, at the houre appoynted to geue battaill, and the Frenche∣menne made greate shewe, as though thei would haue come forwarde, but thei dalied of all that Daie, and in the Night, thei ranne a waie, and trusted some to their Horsses, and some to their legges like tall fe∣lowes.

In this Monethe were Indited, arraigned and condempned at new Wynsore▪ foure menne,* 15.312 that is to saie, Anthony Persone Prieste, Ro∣bert Testwood a Syngyng manne Henry Filmer a Taylor, and Ihon Marbeck a Syngyng manne. All these menne were at one tyme, as is aforesaied, arreigned and condempned of Heresie, by force of the sixe Articles. The Heresies that thei were condempned for, were these as thei are alleged in their Inditementes: Firste, that Anthony Persone* 15.313

should Preache twoo yere before he was arreigned, in a place called [ 1] Wynkefelde, and there should saie. That like as Christe was hanged betwene twoo Thefes, euen so when the Prieste is at Masse, and hath consecrated and lifteth hym vp ouer his hedde, then he hangeth betwene twoo Thefes, excepte he Preache the woorde of God truly, as he hath taken vpon hym to do.

[ 2] Also that he saied to the people in the Pulpet, ye shall not eate the bo∣dy of Christe, as he did hang vpon the Crosse, gnawyng it with youre teethe, that the bloud tonne about your lippes, but you shall eate it this daie, as ye eate it to morow, the next daie and euery daie, for it refresheth not the body, but the spirite.

[ 3] Also, after he had preached and commended the Scripture, callyng it the woorde of God, saied as foloweth. This is the woorde, this is the bread, this is the body of Christ.

[ 4] Also, he saied that Christe sittyng with his disciples, tooke bread and blessed it, and brake it, and gaue it to his Disciples saiyng. This is my fleshe, take it and eate it: and like wise tooke the Wyne and blessed it, and gaue it to his Disciples saiyng, take it and drynke it: This is my bloudde. What is this to vs, but to take the Scripture of God, and to breake it to the people.

Item, Henry Filmer* 15.314 the Taylour arraigned of this Article, that he should saie. That the sacrament of the Aultare, is nothyng but a simili∣tude and a Ceremony. And also, if God be in the Sacrament of the aul∣tare, I haue eaten twentie Goddes in my life.

Robert Testwoode* 15.315 arreigned of this Article, that he shou••d saie in the tyme that the Prieste was liftyng vp the Sacrament, what, wilte thou lifte hym vp so high, what yet higher, take hede, let hym not fall.

Ihon Marbecke arreigned,* 15.316 for that he had with his awne hande, ga∣thered out of diuerse mennes writynges, certain thynges that were ex∣presly against bothe the Masse, and the Sacrament of the Aultar.

These foure persones, were arraigned, condempned, and burned for the articles aboue saied, except Ihon Marbecke, whose honestie and in∣nocencie, purchased hym the Kynges Pardon, the other thre wer burned at Wynsore aforsaied.

Beside these menne, were a greate nomber of Gentle menne, aswell of the Kynges priuie Chamber, as other Indited, by the procurement of one Doctor London,* 15.317 a Prebendary of Wynsore▪ and one Wyllyam Symones a Uaunt Parler: Whiche Gentlemenne made suy••e to the Kynges Maiestie, declaryng in what case thei stoode. Whereupon Doctor London was examined, and so was thesaied Symones, whiche vpon their Othe of allegeaunce, denied their Trayterous purposes, as after it was proued to their faces. Wherefore thei were adiudged as Periured persones, to weare Papers in Wynsore, and so thei did, and were after committed to the Flete, where thesaied Doctour London died. And here haue I an occasion, because of doctor Londons periury,

to tell you howe he was also the occasyon that another commytted wyl∣full periury. The matter was, that a certayne robbery was commytted in Oxford in a College wherof the sayd Doctor London was Master, and certain plate by one of the said College was taken away & brought to London to sell, and it was solde to a Goldsmyth in London named Willyam Calaway.* 15.318 This Goldsmyth had before bought muche plate of the partye (which now solde the sayde stollen plate) beynge a man of credyte, and therfore suspected nothynge. But this matter was so fo∣lowed, that the partye that stole it was taken, and so was dyuers ac∣cessaryes. At the last, Doctor London knowyng to whom it was solde, and that the Goldsmyth was a man of the Newe Learnynge (as they called hym) sware a great othe that he woulde hang hym or elles it shoulde coste hym fyue hundreth pounde: wherevpon he caused also the sayde Goldsmyth to be attached as accessarye, and arreigned hym at the Sessyons holden at Newgate in London: where it was alleged that they ought not by the lawe to enquyre of the accessarye before the principall: and there for the dispatche of the sayde Goldsmyth, it was alleged that the principall was hanged, whiche was nothynge so, for he was set at his lybertye and lyueth styll. But to be shorte, the Gold∣smyth (which vndoubtedly is a knowen, tryed and proued honest man and euer was of honest name and fame) was founde gyltye, and no re∣medy but he must declare what he coulde say why he should not dye ac∣cordyng to the law: he prayed to haue his booke: which was answered that he coulde not haue it, for he was Bigamus. And now cometh the Periury that I promised to tell you of: His wyfe, which of all persōs that knoweth her, is certaynly knowen to be an honest woman, and frō her byrth hathe euer ben of as muche honesty as any woman maye be: And this woman had had two husbands before, which also were honest men, and she had children by them, and therfore was it alleged against this Goldsmyth that he was Bigamus: This good woman percey∣uyng that her former mariages shoulde shorten her husbands dayes, came into the open Courte before the Iudges and affyrmed by her othe contrarye to the truthe, that she was neuer maryed to mo men then to the sayde Goldsmyth, althoughe she had chyldren by her other husbandes and contynued dyuers yeres with theim, yet she sware she was Whore to them bothe and not maryed. And so by defamyng of her selfe, to her great prayse, she delyuered her innocent husband.

In this yeare was in London a great death of the Pestilence, and therfore Myghelmas Tearme was adiourned to Saynt Albons, and there was kepte to the ende.

In the weke of Christmas, came to the Kyng to Hampton Courte Ferdinando de Gonzaga Ui••eroy of Cicile Prince of Malfeta Duke

of Iuano, Capitayne generall of the chyualrye and Army of the Em∣perour Charles, whyche came to the Kyng to appoynte what tyme the Army and the Empero••r shoulde be readye to inuade Fraunce, and the appoyntment taken he departed, & had for his reward a C.liii. oūces in golden plate, & .iiii.M.iii. oz in gylte plate, which al was very curiously wrought. And all the tyme that he lay here, he lay at the Kynges cost.

The sonday before Christmas was Lorde Willyam Parre, brother to the Queene, which had maryed the doughter & heyre of Lord Henry Burchier Erle of Essex, at Hampton Courte, created Erle of Essex. And syr Willyam Parre Knyght vncle to them bothe, was made Lord Par of Horton & chaumberleyn to the Queene. And on Newyeres day was Syr Thomas Wriothesley the Kynges Secretary made Lorde Wri∣othesley of Tychefelde,

Also this yere was open warre proclamed with Fraunce, and lycence geuen to the Kynges subiectes to ieaze vpon the Frenchemen and their goodes as in lyke cases before had ben accustomed.

The .xxxvi. yere

THIS YERE the Kyng sent a gret army into Scot∣lande by sea, and he made the Erle of Hertfford Lieu∣tenaunt Generall of the same. And the Uicount Lisle hygh Admirall, whiche valyaunt Capitaynes so sped them, that the thyrd day of Maie the Lorde Admirall arryued with all his Flcete which was two hundreth sayle in the Fryth, where he landed dyuers of his men and there tooke dyuers vesselles whiche after dyd hyghe seruyce. And shortly they approched vnto the towne of Lyth where they landed their men, and marched forwarde in three great batteyles, wherof my Lorde Admyrall led the vawarde, the Erle of Shrewsbury the arrerewarde, and the Noble Earle of Hertforde beyng Lieutenaunt, the battayle: Where they founde the Scottes assembled to the nombre of syre thou∣sande horsemen beside footemen to stop the passage of the army. And at the fyrst the Scottes made towarde the Englyshmen as thoughe they would haue set on the vaward, but when thei perceiued the Englyshmē so willynge to encountre with theym, namely the Cardinall who was there present, which perceyued the deuocion the Englyshmen had to see his holynesse, after certayne shot on bothe sydes, they made a sodayne retreate, and leauyng their artillary behynde them fled towarde Eden∣borough. The fyrst man that fled was the Cardinall lyke a valyaunt Champion, and with hym the Gouernour, the Erle of Huntley, Mur∣rey and Bothwell, with manye other great men of the Realme. And shortly after the Englishmen mauger al the Scottes might do, entered the towne of Lith wher that night the army encamped them,* 15.319 & there thei found such richesse as they thought not to haue founde in any towne of Scotland,

The next day the Armie went towardes Edenborough toune, and whē thei approched nere, the prouost of the toune accōpanied with one or two Burgesses, and two or thre officers at armes desired to speake with the kynges liuetenaunt, and in the name of al the toune saied, that the keies of the toune shoulde be deliuered vnto his lordship condicio∣nally, that thei might go with bag & baggage & the toune to be saued from fire: Wherunto aunswer was made by thesaid lorde lieutenaun••e, that wher as the Scottes had so manifestly broken there promises con∣firmed by othes and Seales and certefied by the whole parliament as is euidetly knowen to the whole worlde, he was sent thether by the kyn∣ges highnes to take vengeaunce of there detestable falsehed, to declare and shewe the force of his highnes sworde to all suche as shoulde make any resistence vnto his graces power sent theither for that purpose: And therefore he tolde them ••esolutely that onlesse thei woulde yelde vp the toune franckly without condicion, and cause man, woman and chylde, to issue in to the feldes, submittyng theim to his will and pleasure, he would put them to the sword and ther toune to the fire. The prouost an∣swered that it wer better for them to stād to ther defēce. Whereupon cō∣maundement was geuen to thesaied prouost and officers at armes vp∣on there perill to depart. And forth with the lord li••utenaunt sent to the vaward that thei shoulde marche towardes the toune whiche courage∣ously set forwarde, and the English gonners manfully set on the gates, specially sir Christopher Morice, that thei did beat the Skottes from there ordinaunce, and so entred the gate called Cany gate by fine force, and ther slew a great nombre of the Skottes: And finally it was deter∣mined by thesaied lorde lieutenaunt vtterly to ruinate and destroy the∣saied toune with fire, which thyng immediatly was attempted, but be∣cause night was come, the armie withdrue to their campe, and thē a fresh the next day set fyre where none was before,* 15.320 which continued that day & two dayes after burnyng. And shortly after came vnto this Army by land foure thousande light horsmen sent by the kyng, whiche after thei were come, the army forsoke there Shippes and sent theim home laden with spoyle and goneshot whiche thei founde there, and dislodged their camp out of the toune of Lith, and set fire in euery house, and brent it to the grounde: and so returned home by land, through all the mayn con∣try of Scotlande burnyng and destroiyng euery pile, fortresse and vil∣lage that was in their walke, and so with great honour to the grat re∣ioysyng aswel of the kynges maiestie as of all his faithful and ••uyng subiectes thei returned a gayn into Englād with the losse ska•• of for∣tie persones: and because their great exployt may be the better inowen, here shal folowe the names of the chief boroughes, castelles and tounes brent and desolated by this royll armie.

The borough and toune of Edēborough with the Abbey: alled holy toode house, and the kynges palace adioynyng to thesame.

The Abbey of newe botle: parte of Muskleboroug•• toune, with the ••happell of our lady of Lawret.

Hadingtō toune with the Friers & Nonry. Laurestō with y^• graūge

The toune of Lith brent, and the hauen and pier destroyed.

The Castell & village of Cragmiller. Preston toune and the Castell A Castell of Oliuer Sancklers, The toune of Dumbarre.

• Drilawe.
• Broughton.
• Dudistone.
• Beuerton.
• Markle.
• Hatherwike.
• Bowland.
• Blackborne.
• Wester Crag.
• Chester Felles.
• Stanhouse.
• Trauent.
• Trapren.
• Belton..
• Butterden.
• Raunto.
• Enderleigh the pile & toune.
• Crawnend.
• The Ficket.
• Shenstone.
• Kirkland hill.
• East Barnes.
• Quickwood.
• Bildy and the tower.

Also tounes & vilages brent vpon the sea by the Englsh flete, which

I cannot name the halfe.

• Kynkone.
• S. Minetes.
• The quenes Fery.

parte of petynwaynes. The brent Islād, with many other whose names I could not come by.

In this yere also the kynges maiestie prepared two great armies to Fraunce, the one was conducted and led by the duke of Norffolke and the gentle lorde Russell lorde preuy seale, which encamped at Muttrell and beseged the toune, where they lay a long tyme, and left the toune as they founde yt: The other army was led by the valiante duke of Suf∣folk which was the kynges liuetenaunt of that armie, and beyng accū∣panyed with the lorde chambreleyn, the Erle of Aro••ndell Marshall of the felde, and Sir Ihon Gage comptrollor of the kynges house, and Sir Anthony Browne master of the kynges horsses, with diuerse and many other capitaynes: the ninetene day of Iuly encamped before Bul leyn on the Est syde of thesame vpon the hill,* 15.321 where after many sharpe skyrmishes thei gayned first the oldman, & shortly after basse Boleyn.

The fourtene ••ay of Iuly the kynges maiestie in his royall persone passed the ses from Douer to Calis, and the six and twentie day encam∣ped him selfe before Bolleyn, on the north syde with in lesse then halfe a 〈◊〉〈◊〉 of the toune, where his grace remayned tyll the toune was surren∣der•• vnto his maiestie: the which toune he so sore assauted & so beseged with ••uche a boundaunce of greate ordinaunce that neuer was there a more ••aliaūter assaute made, for besyde the vndermyning of the castel, tower ••nd walles, the toune was so beaten withe ordinaunce that there was no•• left one house whole therein: & so sore was laied to the charge of the F••ēc••men that after the kyng had aslauted theim by the space of a monet•• thei sent furth of the toune to the kyng two of their chie•• cap∣taynes, ca••led Mounsire Semblemound, & Mounsire de Haies, which declared tha••he chief capitayne of the toune with his retinew was con¦tēted to delyu•••• the toune vnto his grace, so that thei might passe withe

bag and baggage, whiche request the kynges maiestie, mercifully graū¦ted theim. And so on the next daie, the duke of Suffolke rode into Bul∣lein, to whom in the kynges name, thei deliuered the keyes of the toune. And at after none departed out of Bullein all the Frenchemen. The nō∣ber of the men of warre, that were strong and galaunt, that came out of the toune, were of horsemen .lxvii. of footemen .xv.C.lxiii. of Gonners viii.C. of hurte menne lxxxvii: of women and children .xix.C.xxvii. So there was in all that came out of the toune, foure thousande, foure hun∣dred fiftie and foure, beside a greate nomber of aged, sicke and hurt per∣sones, that was not able to go furthe of the toune. The last persone that came furthe, was Monsire de Ueruine, graund capitain of the Toune, which when he approched nere the place, where the kyng stode, he aligh∣ted from his horse, and came to the Kyng. And after he had talked with hym a space, the kyng toke hym by the hand, and he reuerently knelyng vpon his knees, kissed his hande, and afterwarde mounted vpon his horse and so departed.

The .xviii. daie,* 15.322 the kynges highnes hauyng the sworde borne naked before hym, by the Lorde Marques Dorset, like a noble and valiaunt conqueror rode into Bullein, and all the Trompetters standyng on the walles of the toune••, sounded their Trompettes, at the tyme of his ente∣ryng, to the greate comfort of all the kynges true subiectes, thesame be∣holdyng. And in the enteryng, there met hym the duke of Suffolke, and deliuered vnto hym the keyes of the toune, and so he roade toward his lodgyng, whiche was prepared for hym, on the South side of the toune. And within twoo daies after, the kyng rode aboute all the toune, within the walles, and then commaunded that our Lady Churche of Bullein, should be defaced and plucked doune, where he appoynted a Mount to be made, for the greate force and strength of the toune.

When the kyng had set all thynges there in suche ordre, as to his wi∣sedome was thought best, he returned, to the greate reioysyng of all his louyng subiectes.

In the meane ceason, that the kyng laie before Bullein, and was like to haue cōquered thesame, as at the last he did, as before you haue hard, the Emperor tooke a peace with the Frenche kyng, to the no litle grefe and displeasure of the Kynges maiestie, and that was the cause that the kyng so sodainly brake vp his armie, aswel at Bullein as also at Mut∣trell, and so he returned.

Shortly after, beside diuerse and many sharpe skirmishes, made by the Frenchemen at Bullein aswell by the Dolphin with a greate power whiche in the night season, stale vpō Base Bullein, takyng there a great sort of sicke persones, and women in their beddes, whom without mercy thei slewe. Howbeit so manfully the Englishmen, whiche escaped out of Base Bullein, behaued theimselfes, gettyng weapons out of the high toune, that thei bet the Frenchemen again out of the Base toune, and af∣ter with the helpe of the high toune, thei slewe a greate nomber of theim,

and so again possessed quietly, thesaied Base Toune: Beside I saie this ski••mishe and many mo, Monsire de Bees came with .xv.M. men, and encamped right against the Toune, on the otherside of the water, enten∣dyng there to haue buylded a Forte. But the fourthe daie of February, he was set vpō in his awne campe, by the moste valiaunt and fortunate Erle of Hertford, and Lorde Lisle, the Lorde Gray and other: at whose commyng thesaied Monsire de Bees, with all his puyssaunce fled, lea∣uyng behinde them all their ordinaunce, Tentes and plate.

¶The .xxxvii. yere.

THe .vii. daie of Iune, a greate armie of Frenchemen, came nere to the hauen of Bullem, and skirmished with thengl••shemen, to the no greate gain of the Frenchmen: but this armie whiche was accōpted to the nomber of .xx M. there encamped, & began again to build a Fort, whiche before thei departed, accōplished thesame.

In Iune the lorde Lisle Admirall of Englande, with thenglishe flete entered the mouthe of the riuer of Sain, and came before Newe hauen, where the greate armie of Fraunce laie, whiche wer CC. saile of shippes and .xxvi. Galies of force, wherof the Bishop of Rome had sent .xx. well furnished with men and money, to aide the Frenche kyng. Thenglishe∣men beyng but an .C.lx. saile, and all greate shippes, did not determyne to set on the whole nauie, but shot certain peces of ordinaunce at theim, whiche caused the Galies to come abrode, and shot at the Englishemen, whiche Galies had greate aduauntage, by reason of the calme wether: twise eche part assauted other with ordinaunce, but sodainly the wynde rose so greate, that the Galies could not indure the rage of the seas: and thenglishemen wer compelled to entre the main seas, for feare of flattes, and so sailed vnto Portesmouthe, where the Kyng then laie, for he had knowlege by his espialles, that the Frēche army, entended to land in the esle of Wight, wherfore he repaired to that cost, to se his realme defēded.

After the departyng of thenglishe nauy, from New hauen, the Admi∣rall of Fraunce, called the Lorde Donibalt, a man of greate experience, halsed vp his sailes, and with his whole nauie, came to the poynt of the Isle of Wight, called. S. Helenes poynt, and there in good ordre cast their Ankers, and sent .xvi. of his Galies daily, to the very hauen of Portes∣mouthe. Thenglishe nauie liyng in the hauen, made theim prest and set out towardes thē, and still the one shot at the other. But one daie aboue all other, the whole nauie of the Englishmen made out, and purposed to set on the Frenchmen: but in their settyng forward, a goodly ship of En∣gland, called the Mary Rose, was by to muche foly, drouned in the mid∣dest of the hauen, for she was laden with muche ordinaūce, and the por∣tes left open, whiche were very lowe, and the greate ordinaunce vnbre∣ched, so that when the ship should turne, the water entered, and sodainly she sanke. In her was sir George Carewe knight, Capitain of thesaied shippe, and foure hundred men, and muche ordinaunce.

At thesame tyme certain of the Frenche menne, landed in the Isle of Wight, where their capitain was slain and many other, and were bothe to their greate losse and pain, driuen again to their Galies.

The kyng perceiuyng the great nauie of the Frenchmen to approche sent letters for men into Hampshire, Somerset shire, Wilshire, and di∣uerse other places adioynyng: whiche repaired to his presence in greate nombers, well furnished with armure and victaill, and all thynges ne∣cessary, so that the Isle was garnished, and all the frontiers on the Sca¦coast, furnished with men in greate nomber.

The Frenche capitaines hauyng knowlege, by certain Fisher menne whiche thei toke, that the kyng was present, and also of the great power that he had in readines, thei disancted and sailed along the coastes of Sussex, and a small nomber of them landed in Sussex, whiche neuer re∣turned to their shippes, for thei were taken vp by the waie.

When thei had searched all the costes, & saw men euer redy to receiue them, thei turned the sterne, and returned home again, without any acte worthie to be writtē▪ doen or enterprised: sauyng that in this meane time their newe Forte against Bullein, was strongly furnished and finished.

The nōber of the Frenchemen, as diuerse prisoners that wer taken in the isle of Wight, and in Sussex did report, wer .lx M. And at this tyme the Frenche kyng wrote to the Emperor, and declared to hym, that his armie had gotten the is••e of Wight, the Portes of Hamptō and Portes∣mouth, & diuerse other places, whiche writyng was as true, as the Frēch kyng hath in all his leagues & promises, been to the kyng of Englande.

In August folowyng, the noble Erle of Hert••ord entered into Scot∣land, with .xii.M. men, and destroyed all the tounes in the middle Mar∣ches, and passed to the West Marches, to the greate detriment and losse of Scotlande, and destroyed Coldyngham Abbey: & yet the Frenchmen and Scottes, whiche laye at Kelsey, durst not once encountre with him.

In this moneth died Charles, the noble and valiaunt duke of Suf∣folke,* 15.323 a hardy gentleman, and yet not so hardy, as almoste of all estates and degrees of menne high and lowe, riche and poore, hartely beloued, and his death of them muche lamented, he was buried at Wynsore.

The .xxiiii. daie of Nouember, a Parliament began at Westminster, by aucthoritie whereof, was graunted to the kyng a Subsedy, of .ii.••. viii.••. of the pound, of moueable goodes, and .iiii.••. the pound in lande, to be paied in twoo yere. And all Colleges, Chaunteries, and Hospital∣les, wer committed to the kynges ordre, duryng his life, to alter and trā∣spose: which his grace at the prorogacion of the Parliament, promised to do to the glory of God, and the common proffite of the realme.

A litle before this tyme, the noble and valiaunt lorde Lis••e, lorde Ad∣mirall landed in Normandy, and brent the subbarbes of Tre••port, and diuerse villages along the sea coast, and destroyed and toke almoste all the shippes in the hauen, whiche was a riche and a goodly pray, and so returned without any dammage.

The Frenche kyng sore moued with these dooynges, sent Monsire de Bees with .xii.M. men, whiche entered into thenglishe pale, beside Gra∣uelyn, and brent Marke and diuerse small villages, and then returned.

Euer in maner wer skirmishes and Alarmes. betwene high Bullein and the new builded fortresse, but the losse ran euer on the Frenchmēnes side

This winter was meanes made by thempetor, that certain Ambassa∣dors, of Englande and Fraunce might mete, to cōmon of a peace, wher∣vpō the kyng of England sent to Guisnes, Curbert bishop of Duresme sir William Paget his secretory, & doctor Tregonell. And the Frenche kyng sent to Arde a bishop, the chief President of Roan, and a Notarie, but no conclusion came to effecte. Wherefore the Kyng hauyng perfite knowlege, how the Frenchemen intended, to build a newe fortresse on. S. Ihones rode, betwene Bullein and Calice: whiche thyng had not onely sore distrussed Calice, but daily had put Bullein in trouble. Wherefore he meanyng to preuent so greate a mischief, sent ouer the noble Erle of Hertford, and the valiaunt lord Li••••e Admiral, and many valiaunt ca∣pitaines, with .vii.M. good souldiers, whiche gate the rode but two da∣yes before the Frenchemen appointed to haue been there, & in that place encāped thēselfes. Monsire de Bees leader & conducter, of al the French affaires, encāped hymself beside Hardelow, & durst not once come furth to set on our men, notwithstandyng his former preparacion and deuice.

These thynges thus hangyng, many great skirmishes were daily be∣twene the Bullenois, & the Frenche Bastilion: and one daie thone parte lost, and the other gained, & likewise the losers regained: but in one skir∣mishe wer lost .xvi. Englishe gentlemen, and .lxxx. other, although there were slain three rascall Frenchemen, and in this skirmishe was slain, sir George Pollard. And in a like iorney was slain sir Raufe Elderkare, Capitain of the light horsemen, with a fewe other Englishemen, but yet a greate multitude of Frenchemen, at that tyme laye on the grounde.

The .xxiiii. daie of December, the kynges maiestie came into the par∣liament house, to geue his royal assent, to suche actes as there had pas∣sed, where was made vnto hym by the Speaker, an eloquent oracion, to the whiche it hath euer been accustomed, that the lorde Chaūcellor made answere, but at this tyme it was the kynges pleasure, that it should bee otherwise, for the kyng hymself made hym answere, as foloweth woorde for woorde, as nere as I was able to report it.

Although my Chauncellor for the tyme beyng,* 15.324 hath before this tyme vsed, very eloquently and substancially, to make answere to suche ora∣cions, as hath been set furth in this high courte of Parliament, yet is he not so able to open and set furthe my mynd and meanyng, and the secre∣tes of my hart, in so plain and ample maner, as I my self am and can do: wherfore I takyng vpon me, to answere your eloquent oracion master Speaker, saie, that where you, in the name of our welbeloued commons hath both praised & extolled me, for the notable qualities, that you haue conceiued to be in me, I moste hartely thanke you al, that you haue put

me in remembraunce of my dutie, whiche is to endeuor my self to obtein and get suche excellent qualities, and necessary vertues, as a Prince or gouernor, should or ought to haue, of whiche giftes I recognise my self, bothe bare and barrein: but of suche small qualities, as God hath en∣dued me withall, I rendre to his goodnes my moste humble thākes, en∣tendyng with all my witte and diligence, to get and acquire to me suche notable vertues, and princely qualities, as you haue alleged to be incor∣porate in my persone: These thankes for your louyng admonicion and good counsaill firste remembred, I eftsones thanke you again, because that you consideryng our greate charges (not for our pleasure, but for your defence, not for our gain, but to our greate cost) whiche we haue la∣tely susteined, aswell in defence of our and your enemies, as for the con∣quest of that fortresse, whiche was to this realme, moste displeasaunt and noysome, & shalbe by Goddes grace hereafter, to our nacion moste prof∣fitable and pleasaunt, haue frely of your awne myndes, graunted to vs a certain subsedy, here in an act specified, whiche verely we take in good part, regardyng more your kyndnes, then the proffite thereof, as he that setteth more by your louyng hartes, then by your substaūce Beside this hartie kyndnes, I cannot a litle reioyse whē I consider, the perfite trust and sure cōfidence, whiche you haue put in me, as men hauyng vndoub∣ted hope, and vnfeined belefe in my good dooynges, and iust procedyn∣ges for you, without my desire or request, haue committed to myne or∣dre and disposicion all Chauntreyes, Colleges, Hospitalles, and other places specefied in a certain act, firmely trustyng that I wil ordre them to the glory of God, and the proffite of the common wealth. Surely if I contrary to your expectacion, should suffre the ministers of the Churche to decaie, or learnyng (whiche is so great a iuell) to be minished, or poore and miserable people, to be vnrelieued, you might say that Ibeyng put in so speciall a trust, as I am in this cace, were no trustie frende to you, nor charitable man to mine euen christian, neither a louer of the publike wealth, nor yet one that feared God, to whom accompt must be rendered of all our doynges. Doubt not I praie you, but your expectacion shal∣be serued, more Godly and goodly then you will wishe or desire, as here∣after you shall plainly perceiue.

Now, sithence I find suche kyndenes, on your part toward me, I can not chose, but loue and fauor you▪ affirmyng that no prince in the world, more fauoreth his subiectes, then I do you, nor no subiectes or commōs more loue and obaye, their souereigne lorde, then I perceiue you do me, for whose defēce my treasure shall not be hidden, nor if necessitie require my persone shall not bee vnaduentured: yet although I with you, and you with me, be in this perfect loue and concord, this frendly amitie can not continue, except bothe you my lordes temporall, and you my lordes spirituall, and you my louyng subiectes, studie and take pain to amend one thyng, whiche surely is amisse, and farre out of ordre, to the whiche I moste hartely require you, whiche is, that charitie and concord is not e∣mongest

amongest you, but discord and dissenciō, beareth rule in euery place. S. Paule saieth to the Corinthians, in the .xiii. Chapiter, Charitie is gentle Charitie is not enuious, Charitie is not proude, and so furth in thesaid Chapiter: Beholde then what loue and Charitie is emongest you, when the one calleth the other, Hereticke and Anabaptist, and he calleth hym again Papist, Ypocrite, and Pharisey. Be these tokens of charitie emō∣gest you? Are these the signes of fraternall loue betwene you? No, no, I assure you, that this lacke of Charitie emongest your selfes, will bee the hynderaunce and asswagyng, of the feruent loue betwene vs, as I said before, except this wound be salued, and clerely made whole. I must ne∣des iudge the faute and occasion of this discorde, to bee partly by negli∣gence, of you the fathers & preachers of the spiritualtie. For if I knowe a man whiche liueth in adultery, I muste iudge hym a lecherous and a carnall persone: If I se a man boast and bragg hymself, I cannot but deme hym a proude manne. I se and here daily that you of the Clergie preache one against another, teache one contrary to another inueigh one against another, without Charitie or discreciō. Some to be stiffe in their old Mumpsimus, other be to busy and curious, in their newe Sumpsi∣mus. Thus all men almoste be in varietie and discord, and fewe or none preache truly and sincerely the woorde of God, accordyng as thei ought to do. Shall I now iudge you charitable persones doyng this? No, no, I cannot so do: alas how can the poore soules liue in concord, when you preachers sow emonges them in your sermons, debate and discord? Of you thei loke for light, and you bryng them to darckenes. Amende these crymes I exhorte you, and set furth Goddes worde, bothe by true prea∣chyng, and good example geuyng, or els I whom God hath appoynted his Uicare, and high minister here, will se these diuisions extinct, and these enormities corrected, accordyng to my very duetie, or els I am an vnproffitable seruaunte, and vntrue officer.

Although as I saie, the spirituall men be in some faute, that charitie is not kept emongest you, yet you of the temporaltie, bee not cleane and vnspotted of malice and enuie, for you rayle on Bishoppes, speake slaū∣derously of Priestes, and rebuke and taunte Preachers, bothe contrary to good ordre, and Christian f••aternitie. If you knowe surely that a bi∣shop or preacher, erreth or teacheth peruerse doctryne, come and declare it to some of our Counsaill or to vs, to whom is committed by God the high aucthoritie to reforme and ordre such causes and behauiours: and bee not Iudges your selfes, of your awne phantasticall opinions, and vain exposicions, for in suche high causes ye maie lightly erre. And al∣though you be permitted to reade holy scripture, and to haue the worde of God in your mother toungue, you must vnderstande that it is licen∣sed you so to doo, onely to informe your awne conscience, and to instruct your childrē and famely, & not to dispute and make scripture, a railyng and a tauntyng stocke, against Priestes and Preachers (as many light persones do.) I am very sory to knowe and here, how vnreuerently that

moste precious iuell the worde of God is disputed, rimed, song, and ian∣geled in euery Al••house and Tauerne, cōtrary to the true meanyng and doctryne of thesame. And yet I am euen asmuche sory, that the readers of thesame, folowe it in dooyng so faintly and coldly: for of this I am sure, that Charitie was neuer so faint emongest you, and verteous and Godly liuyng was neuer lesse vsed, nor God hymself emongest Christi∣ans, was neuer lesse reuerenced, honored, or serued. Therfore as I said before, bee in Charitie one with another, like brother and brother, loue dread and serue God (to the whiche I as your supreme hedde, and soue∣reigne lord, exhort and require you) & then I doubt not, but that loue & league, that I spake of in the beginnyng shall neuer be dissolued or bro∣ken betwene vs. And to the makyng of lawes, whiche be now made and concluded, I exhort you the makers, to bee as diligent in puttyng theim in execuciō, as you wer in makyng and furtheryng thesame, or els your labor shalbe in vain, and your common wealthe nothyng releued. Now to your peticion, concernyng our royall assent, to be geuen to suche actes as hath passed bothe the houses. Thei shalbe redde openly, that ye maie here them.

Then wer thei openly redde, and to many his grace assented, and diuerse he assented not vnto. This the kynges Oracion was to his subiectes there present suche comfort, that the like ioye could not be vn∣to theim in this worlde. And thus the actes redde, as the maner is, and his assen•• geuen his grace rose and departed.

In this tyme, there was by the Frenchemen, a voyage made towarde the Isle of Bra••••le, with a ship called the Barcke Age••,* 15.325 whiche thei had taken from the Edglishemen before. And in their waie, thei fortuned to mete sodainly with a litle Craer, of whom was Master one Goldyng, whiche Goldyng was a feate and hardy man. The Barcke perceiuyng this small Craer to bee an Englisheman, shot at hym and bouged hym, wherfore the Craer drewe streight to the greate ship, and sixe or seuen of the men lept into the Barke. The Frenchemen lookyng ouer the boorde at the sinkyng of the Craer, nothyng mistrustyng any thyng, that might be doen by the Englishemen. And so it fortuned that those Englishmen, whiche climed into the ship, founde in the ende thereof, a greate nomber of lime pottes, whiche thei with water quenched, or rather▪ as the nature thereof is, set them a fire, and threwe theim at the Frenchemen that were aborde, and so blynded theim, that those fewe Englishemen that entered the Shippe, vanquished al that wer therein, and driue them vnder hat∣ches, and brought the Barcke clerely awaie again into Englande.

¶The .xxxviii. yere.

IN the moneth of Aprill,* 15.326 by meanes of diuerse Princes, an assemble was had, betwene bothe the realmes, of Englāde and Fraunce▪ at Guysnes and Arde. There were for the Kyng of Englande, the Erle of Hertford, the Lorde Lisle Admirall, Sir Willyam Paget Secretary, and Doctor Wotton Dean of Cauntorbury. And for the Frenche Kyng, the Lorde

Clado Don••ball Admirall, and Marshall of Fraunce: the Bishoppe of Eureux, a president and a Secretary. After long debatyng, and diuerse breches, a peace was concluded, and proclaimed in the kynges Courte, and in the citee of London on Whitsondaie, with sound of Trompettes. And likewise was it dooen at Paris and Roan. For the performaunce whereof, the Uiscount Lis••e Admirall, with the Bishoppe of Duresme, and diuerse lordes, and aboue an hundred gentlemen, all in Ueluet coa∣tes, and cheynes of golde, went to Paris, and were there solemply recei∣ued and feasted, and shortly returned.

After whose returne, the Admirall of Fraunce, accompaignied with the Bishoppe of Eureux, the Erles of Naunteuile, and Uilliers, and di∣uerse greate Lordes, beside twoo hundred Gentlemen well appoynted, tooke his Galey at Depe, and hauyng in his compaignie twelue faire Galies, well trimmed and decked, sailed into Englande, and neuer toke lande, til he came to Grenewiche, where he was receiued by the Erles of Essex, and Darby, the .xix. daie of August. And the next daie, he with all his Galies, landed at the Tower Wharfe, and on all the bankes by the water side, laie peces of ordinaunce whiche shot of, but especially the to∣wer of London, where was shot a terrible peale of ordinaunce. And frō thence he rode through London, in greate triumphe, the Maior and the craftes standyng in the stretes in good ordre, to the Bishoppes Palaice of London, where he lodged till Bartholomew euen, on whiche daie he was conueighed toward Hampton Courte, where in the waie the prince hauyng with hym the Archebishoppe of Yorke, the Erles of Hertforde, and Huntyngdon, and aboue twoo thousande horsse, mette hym and en∣braced hym, in suche lowly and honorable maner, that all the beholders greatly reioysed, and muche marueiled at his wit and audacitie, and so he came to the Courte, geuyng the Prince the vpper hande as he roade. And at the vtter gate of the Courte, the Lorde Chauncellor, and all the Kynges counsaill receiued hym, and brought hym to his lodgyng.

On Bartholomew daie, the Kyng richely appareled, welcomed hym, and in great triūphe went to the Chapell, where the league was sworne and signed To tel you of the costly banquet houses, that wer buylt, and of the great banquettes, the costly Maskes, the liberall huntynges that were shewed to hym, you would muche maruell, and skant beleue. But of Fridaie folowyng, he beyng rewarded with a Cupborde of plate, to the valure of twelue hundred pounde, returned to London, and on Sō∣daie tooke his Galies and departed. Beside this diuerse of his compai∣nie, had muche plate, and many horsses, and Greyhoundes geuen them. Also the Admirall had geuen to hym, of the citee of London, twoo Fla∣gons gilte, and twoo parcell gilte, to the somme of an hundred and sixe and thirtie pounde, beside Wine, Waxe, and Torches: and thus thei la∣den with more riches then thei brought, returned into Fraunce.

Although this peace pleased, bothe the Englishe and the Frenche na∣cions, yet surely bothe mistrusted, the continuaunce of thesame, conside∣ryng

the old Prouerbe, that the iye seeth, the harte rueth, for the Frenche men still longed for Bullein, and the Englishemen mynded not to geue it ouer: in so muche as duryng the Admiralles of Fraūce beyng in En∣glande, the capitain of the newe Fortresse, began to make a Pile, euen at the very hauen mouthe of Bullein: but the Lorde Gray capitain there, put awaie the woorke men, and tooke awaie their tooles, and filled the trenches, to the Frenchemennes greate displeasure. And after the Fren∣che kyng caused vpon a greate pain, that all the Trenches and new in∣uencions, should bee caste doune, and filled by his awne people, least he should seme to be the breaker of the peace.

In this yere was arreigned, condempned and burned, for affirmyng opinions, contrary to the sixe Articles, foure persones, that is to saie, Anne Askew Gentlewoman,* 15.327 Ihon Lacelles a gentleman, Nicho∣las Otterden Prieste, and Ihon Adlam a Taylor: all these wer burned in Smithfelde, the .xvi. daie of Iuly: and be∣cause the whole processe of their matters, is by diuerse writers sette furthe, therefore I passe it ouer. In Ianuary wer attainted of high trea∣son, Thomas duke of Norffolke,* 15.328 and Henry his sonne erle of Surrey whiche Erle was behedded at the Tower Hill.

Now approched to this noble Kyng, that whiche is by God decreed, and appoynted to all menne, for at this ceason in the monethe of Ianu∣ary, he yelded his spirit to almightie God, and departed this world and lieth buried at Wynsore.* 15.329 And the laste daie of Ianuary was his true, lawfull and onely sonne Prince Edward, Proclaimed Kyng, of al his fathers dominions, and the .xix. daie of February,* 15.330 was crouned and annoynted Kyng of this realme, whom Iesu preserue, long to reigne ouer vs.

❧FINIS❧

Notes

• * 1.1

  The .••. yere.
• * 1.2

  Empson and Dudley atta∣ched.
• * 1.3

  A generall Pardon.
• * 1.4

  The Kynges mariage dou∣btefull at the beginnyng.
• * 1.5

  Dianas knightes.
• * 1.6

  A banket.
• * 1.7

  Empson and D••dl••y ••ehed¦ded.
• * 1.8

  The .iiii. yere.
• * 1.9

  The .v. yere.
• * 1.10

  The courage of the kyng.
• * 1.11

  The dry Wed¦nesday.
• * 1.12

  Tirwyn, 〈◊〉〈◊〉.
• * 1.13

  The foly of a Cowper.
• * 3.1

  The iourney of Spurres.
• * 3.2

  ••••rwyn bur∣••ed.
• * 3.3

  S. Cu••••erde•• banne.
• * 3.4

  A Iust••s.
• * 3.5

  The discrip∣ciō of Thomas Wolsey, whi¦che afterward was made Cardinall.
• * 3.6

  The Capp of mayntenaūce▪
• * 3.7

  Richard Hun cōmitted to y^• lowers tower & murthered.
• * 3.8

  The inquity of the death of Richard Hun
• * 15.1

  Cardinal Bē∣brick poyse∣ned at Rome.
• * 15.2

  •• m••iynge.
• * 15.3

  The Cardi∣nals ha•• recea¦••••d.
• * 15.4

  The pr••de of Frenchem••n,
• * 15.5

  〈◊〉〈◊〉 may day
• * 15.6

  The .ix. yere.
• * 15.7

  A pageaunt.
• * 15.8

  A banquet.
• * 15.9

  Themaner of the delyuery of Tourn••y.
• * 15.10

  A iuste••.
• * 15.11

  The .xi. yere.
• * 15.12

  The .xii. yer••.
• * 15.13

  The duke of Buckingham accused,
• * 15.14

  The duke of Bu••kynghās iudgement.
• * 15.15

  Defender of the fayth.
• * 15.16

  The .xiiii. yere.
• * 15.17

  Mo••les ass••u¦ted & gotten.
• * 15.18

  Message frō Hedyng.
• * 15.19

  The answ••r
• * 15.20

  Hedyng 〈◊〉〈◊〉.
• * 15.21

  The cause why the castle was not assa••̄¦ted.
• * 15.22

  The siege raised.
• * 15.23

  The saiyngor a Scottishe Erle.
• * 15.24

  The answere of the duke of Albany.
• * 15.25

  The duke of Albany re∣turned.
• * 15.26

  Ambassade frō S••otlād.
• * 15.27

  The ••oane gathered.
• * 15.28

  The Oraci∣on of Doctor Tūstal bishop of London.
• * 15.29

  The Oracion of sir Tho¦mas More.
• * 15.30

  The Rhodes besieged.
• * 15.31

  Why y^e turke cou••ted the Rhodes.
• * 15.32

  The Turke•• letter.
• * 15.33

  The moūtes.
• * 15.34

  The Mynes.
• * 15.35

  The assautes
• * 15.36

  Treason espyed.
• * 15.37

  The yeldyng vp of the Rho¦des.
• * 15.38

  The .xv▪ yere.
• * 15.39

  The Cardi¦nall••s oraciō.
• * 15.40

  The dema••de
• * 15.41

  The Kyng of Denmarkes commyng in∣to England••.
• * 15.42

  A ship sonken with stone in ••alice hauen▪
• * 15.43

  I••••••ney of the 〈◊〉〈◊〉, of Su••∣••••l••••e.
• * 15.44

  Ariot at ••alice.
• * 15.45

  The Sacra∣ment.
• * 15.46

  A pre••ent sent b•• the Empe∣••or to y^• kyng.
• * 15.47

  A great frost.
• * 15.48

  An Anticipa∣cion.
• * 15.49

  An insurre••∣cion moued at Couentry.
• * 15.50

  〈…〉〈…〉
• * 15.51

  Capitaine Brearton murdered.
• * 15.52

  The murder ••euenged.
• * 15.53

  Bolton prior of saint Bar∣tholomewes.
• * 15.54

  The proposi∣cion of a Por¦tyngale.
• * 15.55

  The Empe∣rors answer▪
• * 15.56

  A Rose brought from Rome.
• * 15.57

  The ende of the auēturers
• * 15.58

  The Obser∣uaunt Frie••s would not o∣beye the Car∣dinall.
• * 15.59

  Treason at Heddyng ca∣s••le.
• * 15.60

  Ambassadors of, Flaūders.
• * 15.61

  A triumph for the takyng o•• the Frenche Kyng.
• * 15.62

  The true re∣port of the ta∣kyng of the Fr••che kyng.
• * 15.63

  The Cardi∣nal f••rst begā to suppresse ••bbeies.
• * 15.64

  The Scotte•• returned into Scotlande.
• * 15.65

  Commissiōs▪
• * 15.66

  The proposi∣ciō of the Car¦dinall.
• * 15.67

  The saiyng of the Kyng of Englande.
• * 15.68

  The othe of the French•• Kyng.
• * 15.69

  The Cardi∣nals demaūd.
• * 15.70

  The Cardi∣nalles ••••••ea∣••••nynges.
• * 15.71

  The saiyng of the clergie.
• * 15.72

  The grudoe of the commō people.
• * 15.73

  The 〈◊〉〈◊〉 o•• the people.
• * 15.74

  The ieoperdy the liyng was 〈◊〉〈◊〉
• * 15.75

  The .xvii. yere
• * 15.76

  The saiyng of the Cardi∣nal to the Lō∣doners.
• * 15.77

  The common counsaill▪
• * 15.78

  The flatte∣ryng of the Cardinall.
• * 15.79

  Insu••••••••eccion in Suffolke.
• * 15.80

  The sore wo∣des of y^• kyng
• * 15.81

  The 〈◊〉〈◊〉 of the Cardinal.
• * 15.82

  The Kyng sore moued.
• * 15.83

  The Pardon of the greate demaunde.
• * 15.84

  The saiyng to the Maio•• of London.
• * 15.85

  The prea••••e fea••e of the Cardinall.
• * 15.86

  Riot ac Beg∣gam.
• * 15.87

  Predation, that is a rob∣bery.
• * 15.88

  The creacion of the duke of Richemond.
• * 15.89

  Ambassadors into Dēmark
• * 15.90

  The league sworne.
• * 15.91

  〈…〉〈…〉
• * 15.92

  〈…〉〈…〉
• * 15.93

  〈…〉〈…〉
• * 15.94

  The deliue•••••• of the French Kyng.
• * 15.95

  The mariage of themperor.
• * 15.96

  The .xviii. yere.
• * 15.97

  The oracion of the Presi∣dent of Roan
• * 15.98

  The peace ••worne.
• * 15.99

  The castle of Millain yel∣ded to thempe¦ours vse.
• * 15.100

  An answer of a Cardinal to the Bishop of Rome,
• * 15.101

  The Kyng of Hōgary slain
• * 15.102

  The firste in∣••aunsyng of the Angell.
• * 15.103

  The seconde inhaunsyng.
• * 15.104

  A plaie at Grayes inne.
• * 15.105

  Ambassadore frō the Fren∣che Kyng
• * 15.106

  A Iustes.
• * 15.107

  Ambassadors frō the Kyng of Hong••••••••.
• * 15.108

  An Oracion made by Ma∣ster Faber.
• * 15.109

  The answere
• * 15.110

  Themperors letter to the Frēche kyng.
• * 15.111

  An Oracion.
• * 15.112

  A dialogue,
• * 15.113

  The fight at barriars
• * 15.114

  A rich mount
• * 15.115

  Maskers
• * 15.116

  An ambassad sent to them∣perour▪
• * 15.117

  Shippes sēt to seke straūg Rigions.
• * 15.118

  Rome as∣sauted.
• * 15.119

  The Duke of Burbon sleyn,
• * 15.120

  ••urse of the Pope.
• * 15.121

  Rome spo••••••••
• * 15.122

  An Escape.
• * 15.123

  The kynges answer,
• * 15.124

  The thr••a••or g••ther••d,
• * 15.125

  praier and fastyng,
• * 15.126

  The Cardinal rideth to••••rde Fraunce.
• * 15.127

  A new fonde Letany
• * 15.128

  Barrelles of gold
• * 15.129

  T••e Marte to be kept at Calice.
• * 15.130

  The recea∣uing of the Cardinal to Bole••yne.
• * 15.131

  The Empe∣rours answ••r
• * 15.132

  English ••o∣ney deliu••red.
• * 15.133

  A present ge∣••••n by y^• 〈◊〉〈◊〉 to the French ambassadors.
• * 15.134

  The Frenche kyng knight of the Garter.
• * 15.135

  The kyng of England knight of the order of saint Mychel.
• * 15.136

  ••he banquet house.
• * 15.137

  A play.
• * 15.138

  The amba••••••∣dors departed
• * 15.139

  Arthur, B••lne•• Geffery Lome and Garret.
• * 15.140

  A great derth of wheate.
• * 15.141

  Clementpope deliuered.
• * 15.142

  Themperors answer to the foresaied Ar∣ticles.
• * 15.143

  Def••aunces made to the Emperour.
• * 15.144

  The Englishe Merchantes arrested in Spain.
• * 15.145

  The Cardi∣nalles saiyng in the Starre Chamber.
• * 15.146

  The murmor ••f the people.
• * 15.147

  Shippes arrested.
• * 15.148

  Clareseau•• made a ••ear••.
• * 15.149

  The wi••e sai∣yng of y^• kyng
• * 15.150

  Cōplaynte of ••h•• Clothi••rs
• * 15.151

  The saiyng of Hugo d•• Mendos••.
• * 15.152

  The Kynges a••swere.
• * 15.153

  The saiyng of Hugo de Mendosa.
• * 15.154

  The su••te of the Frenche A••bassadors
• * 15.155

  The kynges answer••s.
• * 15.156

  •• ship ••hased to the Tower wharfe.
• * 15.157

  The swea••••yng sicknes
• * 15.158

  The death at Naples.
• * 15.159

  Anthony de 〈◊〉〈◊〉 enco••a∣g••th his soul••d••••rs
• * 15.160

  •• Camisad••.
• * 15.161

  〈◊〉〈◊〉 cardinal ••ampe••us cō¦m••ng to Lon∣don.
• * 15.162

  The oracior.
• * 15.163

  The answere
• * 15.164

  The kynges Oracion co••••cernyng his first mariage.
• * 15.165

  The pr••rse of the quene.
• * 15.166

  The saiyng of the Legate.
• * 15.167

  〈…〉〈…〉
• * 15.168

  Cardinal 〈◊〉〈◊〉 soonne ••words•• knight.
• * 15.169

  The .xxi. yere.
• * 15.170

  The Courte at the Blacke Friers.
• * 15.171

  The Quene appealed.
• * 15.172

  The Kynges Oracion.
• * 15.173

  The last time the Card••nall came to the kynges pre∣sence.
• * 15.174

  The Kyng begynneth to rule.
• * 15.175

  The Cardi∣nalles prid•• abated.
• * 15.176

  The Cardi∣nall in the Premunire.
• * 15.177

  The Cardi∣nalles remo∣uyng from Yorke place.
• * 15.178

  Sir Thomas More made Chauncellor.
• * 15.179

  The women∣nes peace.
• * 15.180

  Cutbard Tū∣stall bishop o•• Lōdō, bought Newe Testa∣mentes to burne.
• * 15.181

  Augustyne Packyngton the Bishop of Londōs mer∣chaunt.
• * 15.182

  George Con∣stantyne.
• * 15.183

  The Pope ••ame to ••o∣nony.
• * 15.184

  Themperour kiss••th the Po¦pes fete.
• * 15.185

  An Oracion
• * 15.186

  Thomas Au∣delei chosen speake••.
• * 15.187

  An oracion
• * 15.188

  The saiyug of I▪ Fisher B▪ of Roche∣ster.
• * 15.189

  A complayne 〈◊〉〈◊〉 to the kyng
• * 15.190

  The, bishops excuse
• * 15.191

  The ••oane re∣leased
• * 15.192

  The Pop••s an••wear.
• * 15.193

  Thomas cro∣mwel came in to the kynges seruice.
• * 15.194

  Crueltie of y^• Turkes,
• * 15.195

  The numbre of the turkes that died
• * 15.196

  The newe tes¦tamēt ••orbid∣den,
• * 15.197

  The deliue∣raunce of the Frenche kyn∣ges children.
• * 15.198

  A proclama∣cion.
• * 15.199

  The pryde of the Cardinal,
• * 15.200

  The Cardi∣nal arreste••.
• * 15.201

  The Cardi∣nal dead and buried at Leycester.
• * 15.202

  The discrip∣••ion of the Cardinal.
• * 15.203

  The kyng first named supreme head.
• * 15.204

  Orleaunce
• * 15.205

  Lawers of Parys.
• * 15.206

  Angew▪
• * 15.207

  Parys.
• * 15.208

  Burges▪
• * 15.209

  Bonony.
• * 15.210

  The Acte of Po••••onyng.
• * 15.211

  〈◊〉〈◊〉 erthquake
• * 15.212

  〈…〉〈…〉
• * 15.213

  A Proclama∣cion of Ex∣chaunge.
• * 15.214

  An Answere.
• * 15.215

  The bishopes saiyng
• * 15.216

  The Kynges saiyng.
• * 15.217

  Modon tak••.
• * 15.218

  Othe to the Pope.
• * 15.219

  Othe to the Kyng.
• * 15.220

  Thomas ••w¦deley keper of the great s••al••
• * 15.221

  A new league
• * 15.222

  The Kynges apparell.
• * 15.223

  The saiyng of the Frēche Kyng.
• * 15.224

  The Kynges commyng to Bulleyn.
• * 15.225

  The firste Chamber.
• * 15.226

  The seconde Chamber.
• * 15.227

  The thirde Chamber.
• * 15.228

  The trauerses
• * 15.229

  The Supper made to the French kyng.
• * 15.230

  The Kynges departure.
• * 15.231

  ••he Kyng maried to la∣dy Anne Bul∣leyne.
• * 15.232

  Sir Tho∣mas Awdeley made Chaun∣cellor.
• * 15.233

  The Kyng & quene Kathe∣rine▪ diuorsed
• * 15.234

  Wylliam Tracy.
• * 15.235

  Iob. 〈◊〉〈◊〉.
• * 15.236

  Marke .xvi.
• * 15.237

  Math .xxv.
• * 15.238

  Roma .xiiii.
• * 15.239

  The Christe∣nyng of y^• la∣dy Elizabeth.
• * 15.240

  Pauyer.
• * 15.241

  The holy Ma••de of Kent.
• * 15.242

  The Pope accurssed the Kyng and Realme.
• * 15.243

  Willyā Lock Mercer.
• * 15.244

  The wordes of Elizabeth Barton other¦wyse call••d y^• holy maide of Kent at he•• death.
• * 15.245

  Wolfes wife
• * 15.246

  The ••old•• Dacr•••• of the North.
• * 15.247

  Ihon Fri••••.
• * 15.248

  The Pope abholished.
• * 15.249

  Ihon Fy••he•• bishop of Rochester.
• * 15.250

  Sir Thomas ••oore be∣hedded.
• * 15.251

  Quene 〈◊〉〈◊〉 brough•• 〈◊〉〈◊〉 before her tyme.
• * 15.252

  Wyllyem Tyndall.
• * 15.253

  Quene Anne sent to the ••ower.
• * 15.254

  The wordes of quene Anne Bolleyn at her death.
• * 15.255

  The insurrec¦ci••n in Lyn∣coln••hyre.
• * 15.256

  The kynges answer to the rebelles.
• * 15.257

  A new insur∣recc••on.
• * 15.258

  A true miracle of God.
• * 15.259

  A bocher and a priest han∣ged.
• * 15.260

  Aske the rebel of the North.
• * 15.261

  Sir Fraūces Bigod.
• * 15.262

  Robert Aske taken
• * 15.263

  Robert Pac∣kyngton
• * 15.264

  The Lorde Darcy, Lorde Hosey.
• * 15.265

  The birth of Prince Ed∣ward, nowe our souereign Lorde & 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Edward the sixte
• * 15.266

  Quene Iane departed
• * 15.267

  Quene Iane buried.
• * 15.268

  Fr••er Fo••••st.
• * 15.269

  A prophesie.
• * 15.270

  A hangman hanged▪
• * 15.271

  Images sup∣pressed
• * 15.272

  All co••••terfeat relions sup∣press••d
• * 15.273

  Ihon Lam∣b••rt otherwi¦se called Ihō Nicholson.
• * 15.274

  The Lo••de Mar ••ues of E••c••ster & other accused & condemp∣ned of high treason
• * 15.275

  Sir Nicho∣las Carew behedded▪
• * 15.276

  Thomas Phelips,
• * 15.277

  The act of six artiles,
• * 15.278

  The first quest that in∣quired of the sixe Articles,
• * 15.279

  The great Muster in London.
• * 15.280

  Insurrection in Gaunt.
• * 15.281

  The Recey∣u••ng of the Ladye Anne of Cleue.
• * 15.282

  Stephē Gar∣diner Bishop of Wynche∣ster.
• * 15.283

  Doctor Barnes.
• * 15.284

  Thomas lord Crōwel crea∣t••d Erle of Esse••.
• * 15.285

  A Iustes.
• * 15.286

  Richard Far¦mer Grocer condempned in a Pr••muni¦re.
• * 15.287

  Thomas lord Crōwel com∣mitted to the Tower.
• * 15.288

  The wordes of the Lorde Crōwell spo∣kē at his deth.
• * 15.289

  Sergeauntes Feaste.
• * 15.290

  Quene Anne deuorced▪ and called Ladi•• Anne of cleue
• * 15.291

  The Lorde Graye sent to the Tower.
• * 15.292

  Lorde Hun∣gerford behe∣ded.
• * 15.293

  Barnes, Gar¦rard •• Ierom
• * 15.294

  Powell, Fe∣therston, and Abell.
• * 15.295

  Katheryn Ha¦ward shewed as Quene.
• * 15.296

  Egerton hanged
• * 15.297

  Richard M••∣kyns brent.
• * 15.298

  A newe rebel∣lion.
• * 15.299

  The Lorde Graye con∣dempned.
• * 15.300

  The Lorde Dacres of the South hāged
• * 15.301

  Submissons
• * 15.302

  Quene Kathe¦ryne beheded.
• * 15.303

  Quene Ka∣therin and the Lady Roche∣ford beheded.
• * 15.304

  The Kyng Proclaymed Kyng of Ire∣lande.
• * 15.305

  George Fer∣r••ys.
• * 15.306

  Sir Ihon Borthwike.
• * 15.307

  The sentence or iudgement.
• * 15.308

  A declaracion of the cause of warre with ••••••••land set 〈◊〉〈◊〉 by the ••yng.
• * 15.309

  ••he Uictorie a•• the Water of Esk••.
• * 15.310

  The death of the Scottishe Kyng.
• * 15.311

  Laundersey
• * 15.312

  Foure persō•• condempned.
• * 15.313

  Antony Per∣son.
• * 15.314

  Hēry Filmer
• * 15.315

  Robert Test∣wood.
• * 15.316

  Ihon Mar∣becke.
• * 15.317

  Doctor London: Wyllyam Symons▪
• * 15.318

  Willyam Calaway.
• * 15.319

  Lyth ta••en.
• * 15.320

  Edenbo••ugh brent.
• * 15.321

  Boleyn bese∣ge••
• * 15.322

  The Kynges enteraunce 〈◊〉〈◊〉 to Bullein.
• * 15.323

  The death of Charles duke of Suffolke.
• * 15.324

  Kyng Henry the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 an∣swere to the speaker of the Parliament.
• * 15.325

  Barcke Age••,
• * 15.326

  A peace cōcl••∣dede betwene England and Fraunce.
• * 15.327

  〈…〉〈…〉
• * 15.328

  〈…〉〈…〉
• * 15.329

  〈…〉〈…〉
• * 15.330

  〈…〉〈…〉