Salomons diuine arts, of 1. Ethickes, 2. Politickes, 3. Oeconomicks that is; the gouernment of 1. Behauiour, 2. Common-vvealth, 3. Familie. Drawne into method, out of his Prouerbs & Ecclesiastes. With an open and plaine paraphrase, vpon the Song of songs. By Ioseph Hall.

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Title
Salomons diuine arts, of 1. Ethickes, 2. Politickes, 3. Oeconomicks that is; the gouernment of 1. Behauiour, 2. Common-vvealth, 3. Familie. Drawne into method, out of his Prouerbs & Ecclesiastes. With an open and plaine paraphrase, vpon the Song of songs. By Ioseph Hall.
Author
Hall, Joseph, 1574-1656.
Publication
At London :: Printed by H[umphrey] L[ownes] for Eleazar Edgar, and Samuel Macham,
1609.
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Subject terms
Wisdom literature -- Early works to 1800.
Link to this Item
http://name.umdl.umich.edu/A02588.0001.001
Cite this Item
"Salomons diuine arts, of 1. Ethickes, 2. Politickes, 3. Oeconomicks that is; the gouernment of 1. Behauiour, 2. Common-vvealth, 3. Familie. Drawne into method, out of his Prouerbs & Ecclesiastes. With an open and plaine paraphrase, vpon the Song of songs. By Ioseph Hall." In the digital collection Early English Books Online. https://name.umdl.umich.edu/A02588.0001.001. University of Michigan Library Digital Collections. Accessed June 4, 2024.

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Page 107

SALOMONS POLITICKES, or Common-wealth:

And, first, HIS KING.

§. 1. Degrees
  • must be and are
    • subordinate,
    • hyest
      • not many,
      • but one.
  • and those from God.

IN all well ordered gouer∣ments there are degrees, An hyer then the hyest,* 1.1 and yet an hyer then they: and these, of Gods appoint∣ment; not onely in the inferiour rankes, The rich & poore meet,* 1.2

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and the Lord is the Maker of them all:* 1.3 but in the supreame: By me Kings raigne (saith Wisdom) and Princes decree Iustice: and not they only,* 1.4 but the Nobles & all the Iudges of the earth; so, it is a iust wonder, that The gras∣hoppers haue no King;* 1.5 yet they goe forth by bands. And as no King is a iudgement; so, many: for Because of the Transgression of the land,* 1.6 there are many Princes, many, not only in frequent succes∣sion, but in societie of regiment.

§. 2. In a King are described
  • Quality of his person
    • Naturall,
    • Morall.
  • Actions.

A King must be hie; as in place, so in bloud:* 1.7 Blessed art thou

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O Land, vvhen thy King is the sonne of Nobles; not of any ser∣uile condition; for, nothing can bee more vncomely,* 1.8 then for a seruant to haue rule ouer Prin∣ces: and it is a monster in State, to see seruants ride on horses,* 1.9 and Princes (of blood) to walke as seruants on the ground; nei∣ther more monstrous, then intole∣rable.* 1.10 There are three things for vvhich the earth is mooued, yea foure which it cānot sustein:* 1.11 whereof one is, A seruant when he reigneth.

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§. 3. Morall qualities
  • Negatiue; what one he may not be:
    • Not lasciuious,
    • Not riotous,
    • Not hollow and dissembling,
    • Not childish,
    • Not imprudent,
    • Not oppressing.
  • Affirmatiue.

ANd as his bloud is heroicall, so his disposition; not lasci∣uious.* 1.12 What, O son of my de∣sires, giue not thy strength to women,* 1.13 nor thy wayes: But why should he withhold from his eies whatsoeuer they can desire, and withdrawe his heart from anie ioy?* 1.14 why may he not haue all the delights of the sonnes of men: as women take captiue; as Queens and Concubines,* 1.15 and Damosels without number? This is to de∣stroy Kings; He shall finde more

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bitter then death the vvoman whose hart is as nets and snares.* 1.16 Not riotously excessiue; whether in wine:* 1.17 for It is not for Kings to drink wine, nor for Princes strōg drinke: What, not at all? To him alone is it not saide,* 1.18 Goe eat thy bread with ioy, and drinke thy wine with a cheerefull heart? who should eat or drink,* 1.19 or hast to outwarde things more then hee? Not immoderately:* 1.20 so as he should drinke and forget the de∣cree, and change the iudgement of all the Children of affliction:* 1.21 Or in meat; for, Woe be to thee ô Land, when thy Princes eate in the morning:* 1.22 and if he be not the master of his appetite,* 1.23 his daintie meates will prooue de∣ceiueable.

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Not hollow, not double in speeches,* 1.24 in profession: The lip of excellencie becomes not a foole; much lesse, lying talke a Prince: Not childish; Wo to thee, O Land,* 1.25 whose King is a child: not so much in age, which hath sometimes proued succesfull; but in condition: Not imprudent, not op∣pressing;* 1.26 two vices conioined: A Prince destitute of vnderstan∣ding is also a great oppressour; And to conclude, in all or any of these, not wilfully inflexible: A poore and wise childe is better then an old & foolish king,* 1.27 that will no more be admonished.

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§. 4 Affirmatiue; what one he must be:
  • To others
    • Iust,
    • Mercifull,
    • slow to anger,
    • Bountifull.
  • In himselfe
    • Temperate,
    • Wise,
    • Valiant,
    • Secret.

COntrarily, he must be Tempe∣rate. Blessed art thou,* 1.28 O Land, vvhen thy Princes eate in time, for strength and not for drunkennesse: Iust and righteous;* 1.29 for false balances (especially in the hand of gouernment) are an abo∣minatiō to the Lord: but a perfit weight pleaseth him; A vertue beneficial,* 1.30 both 1 to himself (for the throne is established by Iustice) & 2 to the State.* 1.31 Iustice exalteth a Nation; then which, nothing doth

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more binde and cheare the hearts of the people:* 1.32 for, When the righ∣teous are in authority the peo∣ple reioice, but when the wicked beares rule the people sigh: and with truth & iustice, must mercy be ioined inseparably;* 1.33 for Mercy and truth preserue the King: and his Throne shall be established, also, by mercy. And all these must haue wisdome to menage them: By it, Princes rule,* 1.34 & are terrible to the ill-deseruing.* 1.35 A wise King scatte∣reth the wicked, & causeth the wheele to turn ouer them. To all these must bee added bountie;* 1.36 A Prince that hateth couetousness shall prolong his daies; where cō∣trarily,* 1.37 A man of gifts destroieth his country: and yet further, a cō∣quest

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of his owne passions; a prince∣ly victory:* 1.38 for He that is slowe to anger, is better then the mighty man; and he that ruleth his owne minde better then hee that vvin∣neth a Citie; because of all other,* 1.39 The kings wrath is like the roa∣ring of a lion: and what is that but the messenger of death? and if it may be, a conquest of all others, through valour.* 1.40 There are three things that order well their go∣ing, yea foure are comely in go∣ing:* 1.41 wherof the last and principall is, A King against whom no man dares rise vp: Lastly, secrecy in determinations.* 1.42 The heauen in height, and earth in deepnesse, and the kings heart can no man (no man should) search out: ney∣ther

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should it be in any hands, but the Lords;* 1.43 who as he knowes it, so hee turnes it whither soeuer it pleaseth him.

§. 5. His actions
  • common,
  • speciall to his place: To
    • iudge righte¦ously
      • 1. according to the truth of the cause.
      • 2. according to ye distresse of the partie, vnpartially.
    • remit mercifully.

HIs actions must sute his dispo∣sition; which must be vniuer∣sally holy:* 1.44 for, It is an abhomina∣tion to Kings (of all other) to cō∣mit wickedness. Which holinesse alone is the way to all peace: When the waies of a man please the L.* 1.45 he wil make his enimies at peace

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with him: Peculiarly to his place; he must first iudge his people:* 1.46 a king that sitteth in the throne of iudge¦ment, chaseth away all euill with his eyes; & by this,* 1.47 he maintains his country: & while hee doth sit there,* 1.48 A divine sentēce must be in the lips of the king, & his mouth may not transgress in iudgemēt. for,* 1.49 A king that iudgeth the poor in truth, his throne shall be esta∣blished for euer: Neither may his eare be partially open: which dispo∣sition shalbe sure to be fed with re∣ports; for, Of a Prince that har∣keneth to lyes,* 1.50 al his seruants are wicked: nor his mouth shut; espe∣cially in cases of distresse:* 1.51 Open thy mouth for the dumbe in the cause of all the children of de∣structiō:

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open thy mouth,* 1.52 iudge righteously, & iudge the afflic∣ted & the poore: yet, not with so much regard to the estate of persōs, as the truth of the cause;* 1.53 for Surely it is not good to condemne the iust in what-euer condition; nor that Princes should smite such for equity: wherin he shal wisely search into all difficulties.* 1.54 The glorie of God is to pass by infirmities, but the kings honour is to search out a thing; yet so, as he is not seldome mercifull in execution, Deliuering them that are drawne to death,* 1.55 and preseruing them that are drawne to be slaine: These obser∣ued,* 1.56 it cannot be, that man should rule ouer man to his hurt.

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SALOMONS COVNSAILOR.

Sect. 6. Coūsaile
  • For the soule
    • How giuē:
      • The necessitie of it,
      • The qualitie
        • wise,
        • righteus
        • pleasant.
    • How receiued.
  • For the State.

AS where no soueraigntie, so vvhere no counsell is,* 1.57 the people fall; and contrarily, where many Counsellers are,* 1.58 there is health; and more then health, Stedfastnes: Counsel for the soule,* 1.59 Where no vision is,* 1.60 the people perish: which requires both holi∣nesse and wisedome: The fruit of the righteous is as a tree of life,* 1.61 and hee that vvinneth soules is

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is vvise;* 1.62 and the more vvise the Preacher (is) the more hee tea∣cheth the people knovvledge, and causeth them to heare, and searcheth forth, and prepareth many parables: & not only an vp∣right writing (& speaking) euen the word of truth;* 1.63 but pleasant words also;* 1.64 so that the sweetness of the lips increaseth doctrine; & not more delightfull, then effectual: for,* 1.65 The wordes of the wise are like goades, and nayles fastned by the masters of the assemblies, that are giuen by one Pastour: which againe, of euery hearer, chal∣lenge due reuerence & regard; who must take heed to his foot,* 1.66 when he entreth into the house of God, and bee more neere to heare,

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thē to giue the sacrifice of fooles: for, He that despiseth the word,* 1.67 shall be destroyed: but hee that feareth the commaundement, shall be rewarded.

§. 7. In a Coun∣sellour of State, or Magistrate, is required
  • Wisdom,
    • Discussing of causes,
    • Prouidence, and working according to knowledge.
  • Pietie,
  • Iustice, and freed from
    • Partialitie,
    • Bribes,
    • Oppression▪

WIthout Counsell,* 1.68 all our thoughts (euen of policie & state) come to nought: but in the multitude of Counsellors is sted∣fastnes: & no lesse in their goodnes;* 1.69 〈…〉〈…〉 their wisdom, which alone giv's strength to the owner, aboue ten mighty princ. that are in the city;* 1.70

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a vertue,* 1.71 which tho it resteth in the heart of him that hath vnder∣standing, yet is knowne in the mids of fooles.* 1.72 For wisedome is in the face of him that hath vnderstanding, and in his lippes: for, howsoeuer he that hath know∣ledge spareth his words,* 1.73 yet the tongue of the wise vseth know∣ledge aright;* 1.74 * 1.75 and the foole can∣not open his mouth in the gate; and therefore is vnfit for authori∣tie.* 1.76 As snowe in summer, and raine in haruest; so is honor vn∣seemely for a foole. And tho it bee giuen him;* 1.77 how ill it agrees? As the closing vp of a precious stone in an heape of stones, so is he that giues glory to a foole. From hence, the good Iusticer both

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carefully heareth a cause, knowing,* 1.78 that He which answereth a mat∣ter before he heare it, it is a folly and shame to him; and that rela∣ted on both parts▪ for Hee that is first in his owne cause is iust:* 1.79 then commeth his neighbour and maketh inquirie of him; and deepely sifteth it: else he loseth the truth;* 1.80 for The counsel of the heart of a man is like deepe wa∣ters: but a man that hath vnder∣standing will draw it out. From hence, is his prouidence for the common good; not onely in seeing the plague, and hiding himselfe,* 1.81 but in deliuering the city:* 1.82 and as hee foreseeth,* 1.83 so hee worketh by knowledge: and not in peace on∣ly; as,* 1.84 The words of the wise are

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more heard in quietnesse, then the cry of him that ruleth among fooles;* 1.85 but in warre: A wise man goeth vp into the city of the mighty, and casteth downe the strength of the cōfidence there∣of.* 1.86 For, wisedome is better then strength,* 1.87 yea then weapons of warre▪* 1.88 I haue seene this wisdome vnder the sun, and it is great vn∣to mee;* 1.89 A little citie and fewe men in it, and a great king came against it, and compassed it a∣bout, and builded forts against it;* 1.90 and there was found, in it, a poore and wise man, and he de∣liuered the city by his wisdome: neither can there be true wisedome in any Counsellour, without piety. The wise man feareth,* 1.91 & departs

Page 125

from euill; being well assured, that there is no wisdome,* 1.92 nor vnder∣standing, nor counsel against the Lord; & that,* 1.93 Man cānot be esta∣blished by wickednes: and indeed bow oft doth God so dispose of estats that the euil shal bow before the good,* 1.94 & the wicked at the gates of the righteus? neither is this more iust with God, the acceptable with men▪ for,* 1.95 when the righteous re∣ioice, there is great glory,* 1.96 & whē they are in authority the people reioice▪ cōtrarily, whē the wicked comes on, and rises vp,* 1.97 & beares rule, the mā is tried;* 1.98 the good hide thēselues, & all the people sigh:* 1.99 * 1.100 & the righteous man falling down before the wicked, is like a trou∣bled Well, and a corrupt spring.

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Neither is iustice lesse essentiall, then either;* 1.101 for to do iustice and iudgement is more acceptable to the Lord, then sacrifice: To know faces,* 1.102 therefore (in a iudge) is not good; for that man will transgresse for a peece of bread; much lesse to accept the person of the wicked,* 1.103 to cause the righte∣ous to fall in iudgement: Hee that saith to the wicked thou art righteous,* 1.104 him shall the people curse, and the multitude shall abhorre him: Yea yet byer; Hee that iustifieth the wicked,* 1.105 & con∣dēneth the iust▪ both are an ab∣omination to the Lord. Where∣fore,* 1.106 howsoeuer. The wicked man taketh a gift out of the bosome, to wrest the wayes of iudgemēt;

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and commonly,* 1.107 A mans gift inlar∣geth him, and leadeth him (with approbation) before greatmen: yet he knoweth,* 1.108 that the reward destroyeth the heart;* 1.109 that the acceptance of it is but the robbery of the wicked; which shall de∣stroy them, because they haue refused to execute iudgement: he hateth gifts, then,* 1.110 that he may liue,* 1.111 and it is a ioy to him to doe iudgement: He doth vnpartial∣ly smite the scorner,* 1.112 yea seuerely punish him,* 1.113 that the wickedly foolish may beware and become wise. And wheras Euery way of a man is right in his owne eyes,* 1.114 * 1.115 and a false record will speake lies, and vse deceit;* 1.116 he so maketh inquirie, that a false witnes shall

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not be vnpunished:* 1.117 and he that speaketh lies shall perish: Lastly, his hand is free from oppression of of his inferiors:* 1.118 which as it makes a wiseman mad; so the actor of it, miserable:* 1.119 for Hee that oppres∣seth the poore, reproueth him that made him;* 1.120 and if the affli∣cted bee opprest in iudgement, the Lord will defend their cause, & spoile the soule▪ that spoyleth them; and vpon all occasions, 〈◊〉〈◊〉 so determineth,* 1.121 that they shal kisse the lippes of him that answereth vpright words.

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SALOMONS COVRTIER

§. 8. Must be
  • Discreet,
  • Religious,
  • Humble,
  • Charitable,
  • Diligent,
  • Faithfull.

IN the light of the Kings coun∣tenance is life,* 1.122 and his fauour is as the cloud of the latter raigne,* 1.123 or as the deaw vpon the grasse: which that the Courtier may purchase; he must be 1. Discreet:* 1.124 The pleasure of a king is in a wise seruant, but his wrath shall bee towards him that is lewd; 2. Religious, both in heart,* 1.125 Hee that loueth purenesse of heart for the grace of the lips the king shalbe his friend: & in his actions,

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Hee that seeketh good things getteth fauour;* 1.126 in both which, the righteous is more excellent then his neighbour:* 1.127 and besides these,* 1.128 humble; The reward wher∣of is glory:* 1.129 for, before glory go∣eth humilitie. He dare not there∣fore boast himselfe before the king,* 1.130 * 1.131 and thrust himselfe ouer-forward in the presence of the Prince, whom his eyes doe see: whom if he see moued,* 1.132 he pacifieth by staying of anger, and by a soft answer breaketh a man of bone; not aggraunting the faults of o∣thers:* 1.133 He that couereth a trans∣gression seeketh loue; but hee that repeateth a matter separa∣teth the Prince. To these, he is dili∣gent,* 1.134 taking heed to the mouth

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of the King; & therfore worthily standeth before kings, and not before the base sort: and withall,* 1.135 true and faithfull; when he vnder∣takes anothers suite he lingers not: knowing,* 1.136 that The hope that is differred is the fainting of the heart;* 1.137 and tho A bribe or reward is as a stone pleasant in the eyes of them that haue it, and prospe∣reth whither soeuer it turneth, (for, euery man is a friend to him that giueth gifts):* 1.138 yet he accoun∣teth the gathering of treasures by a deceitfull tongue,* 1.139 to be va∣nitie, tossed too and fro, of them that seeke death.

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SALOMONS SVBIECT.

§. 9. His Duery to
  • His Prince;
    • Reuerence,
    • Obedience.
  • Fellow Subiects.

EVery gouernment presupposeth Subiects.* 1.140 In the multitude of the people is the honour of the King; and for the want of peo∣ple, commeth the destruction of the Prince: Of whom God re∣quires, in respect of the Prince, Reuerence, Obedience; That they should reuerence,* 1.141 and seeke the face of the Prince; not cur∣sing the King,* 1.142 so much as in their

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thought, nor the rich in their bedchāber; but fearing the Lord,* 1.143 and the King, and not meddling with the seditious,* 1.144 which onely seeke euill. For,* 1.145 as the foule of the heauen shall cary the voice, and the master of the wing de∣clare the matter:* 1.146 so (for reuenge) a cruell messenger shall be sent against them; their destruction shall arise suddenly,* 1.147 and who knoweth their ruine? For their due homage therefore and obedi∣ence to lawes, they take heede to the mouth of the King,* 1.148 and the word of the oath of God; and if a law bee enacted, they violate it not, nor striue for innouation.* 1.149 Hee that breakes the hedge, a serpent shall bite him.* 1.150 He that

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remoueth stones, shall hurt him∣selfe thereby:* 1.151 and hee that cut∣teth wood shall bee in danger thereby. And if they have offen∣ded,* 1.152 they haste not to goe forth of the princes sight, nor stand in an euill thing: for he will doe what-euer pleaseth him;* 1.153 but ra∣ther if the spirit of him that ru∣leth rise vp against them, by gentlenesse pacifie great sinnes.

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§. 10. To his fellow Subiect, In respect of
  • more publike society, is requi∣red,
    • 1. Regard to
      • Superi∣ors in
        • Estate,
        • Desert.
      • Inferiors,
      • Equals.
    • 2. Commer••••
  • more priuate societie,
    • Iust maintenance of each mans proprietie,
    • Truth of friendship.

IN respect of themselues, he re∣quires due regard of degrees: whether of superiors.* 1.154 The rich ruleth the poore; and as the fiing potte is for siluer,* 1.155 and the fornace for golde, so is euery maotryed according to his dignifie;* 1.156 so as they that come from the holy place be

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not forgotten in the city where they haue done right: or whether of inferiors;* 1.157 for, A poore man, if he oppresse the poore, is like a raging raine that leaueth no food;* 1.158 yea (lesse then oppression) He that despiseth his neighbour is both a sinner and destitute of vnderstanding: or lastly, of equals; & therin, quiet & peaceable demea∣nure,* 1.159 not striuing with others causelesse; not to begin cōentions, for,* 1.160 The beginning of strife is as one that openeth the waters; therefore ere it bee meddled with, hee leaueth off; and be∣ing prouoked,* 1.161 debateth the mat∣ter with his neighbor.* 1.162 And as he goes not forth hastily to strife: so much lesse doth hee take part

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in impertinent quarrells: He that passeth by,* 1.163 and meddleth vvith the strife that belonges not to him, is as one that takes a dog by the care; and one of the sixe things that God hates,* 1.164 is he that rayseth vp contentions among neighbours.

Secondly, mutuall commerce, and interchange of commodities; without which, is no liuing:* 1.165 The abundance of the earth is ouer all: and the King consists by the field that is tilled. The husband∣man therefore must till his land,* 1.166 that hee may bee satisfied with bread; for, much increase com∣meth by the strēgth of the Oxe:* 1.167 and moreouer, he must sell corn,* 1.168 that blessings may be vpō him;

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which if he withdrawe, the peo∣ple shall curse him;* 1.169 so that, the slothfull man vvhose field is o∣uergrowen with thornes, and nettles, is but an ill member: And againe,* 1.170 the Merchant must bring his wares from farre; and each so trade with other, that both may liue.* 1.171 They prepare bread for laughter, & wine comforts the liuing▪ but siluer answereth to all. Fr lesse publicke society, it required due reseruation of pro∣prietie;* 1.172 not to remoue the anci∣ent boundes which his fathers haue made;* 1.173 not to enter into the field of the fatherless; for▪ he that redeemeth thē is migh∣ty,* 1.174 * 1.175 not to increase his riches by vsury and interest, not to ha∣sten

Page 139

ouer-much to be rich:* 1.176 for such one knoweth not that po∣uerty shall come vpon him;* 1.177 & that an heritage hastily gotten in the beginning,* 1.178 in the ende thereof, shall not bee blessed: and that in the meane time, The man that is greedie of gaine troubleth his own house.* 1.179 2. Truth of friendship.* 1.180 A man that hath friendes, ought to showe himselfe friendly: for a friend is neerer then a brother; Thy owne friend therefore,* 1.181 and thy fathers friend forget thou not: for whether hee reprooue thee;* 1.182 The woundes of a louer are faithfull or whether hee ad∣uise; As Oyntment and Per∣fui••••e reioyce the heart,* 1.183 so doth

Page 140

the sweetnesse of a mans friend by hearty counsell: or whether he exhort;* 1.184 Iron sharpens iron, so doth a man sharpen the face of his friend; and all this, not in the time of prosperity onely, as com∣monly,* 1.185 Riches gather manie friends, and the poore is sepa∣rated from his neighbour: but contrarily,* 1.186 A true friend loueth at all times, & a brother is born for aduersitie; in all estates ther∣fore,* 1.187 as the face in the water an∣swers to face, so the hart of man to man; who yet, may not bee too much pressed:* 1.188 Withdrawe thy foot from thy neighbors house, least he be wearie of thee, and hate thee;* 1.189 neither enter into thy brothers house in the daie

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of thy calamitie: nor againe, too forward in profering kindnesse to his owne losse;* 1.190 A man destitute of vnderstanding toucheth the hand, and becommeth suretie for his neighbour:* 1.191 If therefore thou art become surety for thy neighbour (much more if thou haue strikē hands with the strā∣ger) thou art snared with the wordes of thine owne mouth, thou art euen taken with the words of thine owne mouth. Doe this now my sonne,* 1.192 seeing thou art comne into the hand of thy neighbour (not hauing taken a pledge for thy sureti∣ship) goe and humble thy selfe and solicit thy friends,* 1.193 * 1.194 Giue no sleepe to thine eyes, nor

Page 142

slūber to thine ey lids.* 1.195 Deliuer thy self as a Doe from the hand of the hunter, & as a bird from the hand of the fowler; & take it for a sure rule,* 1.196 He that hateth suretiship is sure.

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