The principal nauigations, voyages, traffiques and discoueries of the English nation. [vols. 1-3] made by sea or ouer-land, to the remote and farthest distant quarters of the earth, at any time within the compasse of these 1600. yeres: deuided into three seuerall volumes, according to the positions of the regions, whereunto they were directed. The first volume containeth the worthy discoueries, &c. of the English ... The second volume comprehendeth the principall nauigations ... to the south and south-east parts of the world ... By Richard Hakluyt preacher, and sometime student of Christ-Church in Oxford.

Of their execution of iustice and iudgement: and of their deaths and burials. Chap. 10.

COncerning their lawes or their execution of iustice, your Maiesty is to be aduertised, that when two men fight, no third man dare intrude himself to part them. Yea, the father dare not help his owne sonne. But he that goes by the worst must appeale vnto the court of his lord. And whosoeuer els offereth him any violence after appeale, is put to death. But he must go pres••ntly without all delay: and he that hath suffered the iniury, carieth him, as it were captiue. They pu∣nish no man with sentence of death, vnles hee bee taken in the deede doing, or confesseth the same. But being accused by the multitude, they put him vnto extreame torture to make him confesse the trueth. They punish murther with death, and carnall copulation also with any

other besides his owne. By his own, I meane his wife or his maid seruant, for he may vse his s••aue as he listeth himself. Heinous theft also or felony they punish with death. For a light theft, as name∣ly for stealing of a ram, the party (not being apprehended in the deed doing, but otherwise detected) is cruelly beaten. And if y^e executioner laies on an 100. strokes, he must haue an 100. staues, name∣ly for such as are beaten vpon sentēce giuen in the court. Also counterfeit mess••ngers, because they feine themselues to be messengers, when as indeed they are none at all, they punish with death. Sa∣crilegious persons they vse in like maner (of which kind of malefactors your Maiesty shall vnder∣stand more fully hereafter) because they esteeme such to be witches. When any man dieth, they la∣ment & howle most pitifully for him: & the said mourners are free from paying any tribute for one whole yeare after. Also whoso••uer is present at the house where any one growen to mans estate li∣eth dead, he must not enter into the court of Mangu-Can til one whole yere be expired. If it were a child deceased he must not enter into the said court til the next moneth after. Néere vnto the graue of the partie deceased they alwaies leaue one cottage. If any of their nobles (being of the stock o•• Chingis, who was their first lord & father) deceaseth, his sepulcher is vnknowen. And alwayes a∣bout those places where they interre their nobles, there is one house of men to keep the sepulchers. I could not learn that they vse to hide treasures in the graues of their dead. The Comaniās build a great toomb ouer their dead, & erect the image of the dead par••y thereupon, with his face towards the East, holding a drinking cup in his hand, before his nauel. They erect also vpon the monuments of rich men, Pyramides, that is to say, litle sharpe houses or pinacles: & in some places I saw migh∣ty towers made of brick, in other places Pyramides made of stones, albeit there are no stones to be found thereabout. I saw one newly buried, in whose behalfe they hanged vp 16. horse hides, vnto each quarter of the world 4, betweene certain high posts: & they set besides his graue Cosmos for him to drink, & flesh to eat: & yet they sayd that he was baptized. I beheld other kinds of sepulchers also towards the East•• namely large flowres or pauemēts made of stone, some roūd & some square, & then 4. long stones pitched vpright, about the said pauement towards the 4. regions of the world•• When any man is sicke, he lieth in his bed, & causeth a signe to be set vpon his house, to signifie that there lieth a sicke person there, to the end that no man may enter into the sayd house: whereupon none at all visit any sicke party but his seruant only. Moreouer, when any one is sicke in their great courts, they appoint w••tchmen to stand round about the said court, who wil not suffer any person to enter within the precincts thereof. For they feare least euill spirits or winds should come together with the parties that enter in. They esteeme of soothsayers, as of their priests.