The principal nauigations, voyages, traffiques and discoueries of the English nation. [vols. 1-3] made by sea or ouer-land, to the remote and farthest distant quarters of the earth, at any time within the compasse of these 1600. yeres: deuided into three seuerall volumes, according to the positions of the regions, whereunto they were directed. The first volume containeth the worthy discoueries, &c. of the English ... The second volume comprehendeth the principall nauigations ... to the south and south-east parts of the world ... By Richard Hakluyt preacher, and sometime student of Christ-Church in Oxford.

August.

[unspec 1] SAturday I went ashore, and there I saw three morses that they had killed: they held one tooth of a Morse, which was not great, at a roble, and one white beare skin at three robles & two ro∣bles: they further tolde me, that there were people called Samoeds on the great Island,* 1.1 and that they would not abide them nor vs, who haue no houses, but onely couerings made of Deers skins, set ouer them with stakes: they are men expert in shooting, and haue great plenty of Deere.

This night there fell a cruell storme, the wind being at West.

[unspec 2] Sunday we had very much winde, with plenty of snow, and we rode with two ankers a head.

[unspec 3] Munday we weyed and went roome with another Island, which was fiue leagues Eastnorth∣east from vs: and there I met againe with Loshak, and went on shore with him, and hee brought

me to a heap of the Samoeds idols, which were in number aboue 300, the worst and the most vn∣artificiall worke that euer I saw:* 1.2 the eyes and mouthes of sundrie of them were bloodie, they had the shape of men, women and children, very grosly wrought, & that which they had made for other parts, was also sprinckled with blood. Some of their idols were an olde sticke with two or three notches, made with a knife in it. I saw much of the footing of the sayd Samoeds, and of the sleds that they ride in. There was one of their sleds broken, and lay by the heape of idols, & there I saw a deers skinne which the foules had spoyled: and before certaine of their idols blocks were made as high as their mouthes, being all bloody, I thought that to be the table wheron they offered their sacrifice: I saw also the instruments, whereupon they had roasted flesh, and as farre as I could perceiue, they make their fire directly vnder the spit.

Loshak being there present tolde me that these Samoeds were not so hurtful as they of Ob are,* 1.3 and that they haue no houses, as indeede I saw none, but onely tents made of Deers skins, which they vnderproppe with stakes and poles: their boates are made of Deers skins, and when they come on shoare they cary their boates with them vpon their backes: for their cariages they haue no other beastes to serue them, but Deere only. As for bread and corne they haue none, ex∣cept the Russes bring it to them: their knowledge is very ba••e, for they know no letter.

Tuesday we turned for the harborough where Loshaks barke lay, whereas before we road vn∣der [unspec 4] an Island. And there he came aboord of vs and said vnto me: if God sende winde and wea∣ther to serue, I will goe to the Ob with you, because the Morses were scant at these Islands of Vaigats: but if he could not get to the riuer of Ob, then he sayd hee would goe to the riuer of Naramzay, where the people were not altogether so sauage as the Samoyds of the Ob are:* 1.4 hee shewed me that they will shoot at all men to the vttermost of their power, that cannot speake their speech.

Wednesday we saw a terrible heape of ice approch neere vnto vs, and therefore wee thought [unspec 5] good with al speed possible to depart from thence, and so I returned to the Westwards againe, to the Island where we were the 31 of Iuly.

Thursday I went a shoare, and tooke the latitude, which was 70 degrees 25 minutes: and the [unspec 6] variation of the compasse was 8 degrees from the North to the West.* 1.5

Loshak and the two small Lodias of Pechora departed from this Island, while I was on shoare taking the latitude, and went to the Southwards: I maruailed why he departed so sudden∣ly, and went ouer the shoales amongst the Islands where it was impossible for vs to follow them. But after I perceiued them to be weatherwise.

Friday we road still, the winde being at Northnortheast, with a cruell storme. The ice came in [unspec 7] so abundantly about vs at both ends of the Island that we road vnder, that it was a feareful sight to behold: the storme continued with snow, raine, and hayle plenty.

Saturday we road still also, the storme being somewhat abated, but it was altogether mi∣sty, [unspec 8] that we were not able to see a cables length about vs, the winde being at Northeast and by East.

Sunday at foure of the clocke in the morning we departed from this Island, the winde being [unspec 9] at Southeast, and as we were cleere a sea boord the small Islandes and shoales, it came so thick with mistes, that we could not see a base shotte from vs. Then we tooke in all our sailes to make little way.

At a Southeast sunne it waxed cleere, and then we set our sayles, and lay close by the wind to the Southwards alongst the Islands of Vaigats. At a West sunne we tooke in our sayle againe because of the great mist and raine. Wee sounded at this place, and had fiue and twenty fadomes water, and soft blacke oze, being three leagues from the shoare, the winde being at South and by East, but still misty.

Munday at an East sunne we sounded, and ••ad 40 fadomes, and oze, still misty: at noone wee [unspec 10] sounded againe, and had 36 fadome, still misty.

Tuesday at an Eastnortheast sunne we let fall our anker in three and twenty fadome, the mist [unspec 11] still continuing.

Wednesday at three of the clocke in the morning the mist brake vp, the wind being at North∣east [unspec 12] & by East, and then we saw part of the Islands of Vaigats, which we bare withall, and went Eastsoutheast close by the winde: at a West sunne we were at an anker vnder the Southwest part of the said Vaigats,* 1.6 and then I sent our skiffe to shoare with three men in her, to see if they might speake with any of the Samoeds, but could not: all that day was rainie, but not windie.

Thursday the wind came Westerly, so that we were faine to seeke vs another place to ride in, because the wind came a seaboord land, and although it were misty, yet wee followed the shoare [unspec 10] by our lead: and as we brought land in the winde of vs, we let fall our anker. At a West sunne

the mist brake vp, so that we might see about vs, and then we might perceiue that we were entred into a sound.

This afternoone we tooke in two or three skiffes lading of stones to balast our shippe withall. [unspec 14] It hyeth here foure foot water, and floweth by fits, vncertaine to be iudged.

* 1.7Friday we road still in the sound, the wind at Southwest, with very much raine, and at the end of the raine it waxed againe mistie.

[unspec 15] Saturday there was much winde at West, and much raine, and then againe mistie.

[unspec 16] Sunday was very mistie, and much winde.

[unspec 17] Munday very mistie, the winde at Westnorthwest.

[unspec 18] Tuesday was also mistie, except at noone: then the sunne brake out through the mist, so that we had the latitude in 70 degrees 10 minutes: the afternoone was misty againe, the wind being at Westnorthwest.

[unspec 19] Wednesday at three of the clocke afternoone the mist brake vp, & the wind came at Eastnorth∣east, and then we weyed, and went South & by East, vntil seuen of the clocke, eight leagues, thin∣king to haue had sight of the sandie hilles that are to the Eastwards of the riuer Pechora. At a Northwest sunne we took in our maine saile, because the wind increased, & went with a foresaile Westnorthwest, the wind being at Eastnortheast: at night there grewe so terrible a storme, that we saw not the like, although we had indured many stormes since we came out of England. It was wonderfull that our barke was able to brooke such monstrous & terrible seas, without the great helpe of God, who neuer fayleth them at neede, that put their sure trust in him.

[unspec 20] Thursday at a Southsouthwest sunne, thanks be to God, the storme was at the highest, & then the winde began to slake, and came Northerly withall, & then I reckoned the Westermost point of the riuer Pechora to be South of vs 15 leagues.* 1.8 At a Westsouthwest sunne we set our maine sayle, and lay close by the winde, the winde being at Northwest and by North, making but little way, because the billow went so high: at midnight wee cast about, and the shippe caped North∣northeast, making little way.

[unspec 21] Friday at noone we had the latitude in 70 degrees 8 minutes, and we sounded, and had 29 fa∣domes sand, and in maner stremy ground. At a West sunne we cast about to the Westwards, and a little after the wind came vp at West.

[unspec 22] Saturday was calme: the latitude this day at noone was 70 degrees and a terce, we sounded heere, and had nine and forty fadomes and oze, which oze signified that we drew towards Noua Zembla.

And thus we being out of al hope to discouer any more to the Eastward this yeere, wee thought it best to returne, and that for three causes.* 1.9

The first, the continuall Northeast and Northerly winds, which haue more power after a man is past to the Eastwards of Caninoze, then in any place that I doe know in these Northerly re∣gions.

Second, because of great and terrible abundance of ice which we saw with our eies, and we doubt greater store abideth in those parts: I aduentured already somewhat too farre in it, but I thanke God for my safe deliuerance from it.

Third, because the nights waxed darke, and the winter began to draw on with his stormes: and therefore I resolued to take the first best wind that God should send, and plie towards the bay of S. Nicholas, and to see if we might do any good there, if God would permitt it.

This present Saturday we saw very much ice, and were within two or three leagues of it: it shewed vnto vs as though it had beene a firme land as farre as we might see from Northwest off vs to the Eastwards: and this afternoone the Lord sent vs a little gale of wind at South, so that we bare cleere off the Westermost part of it, thanks be to God. And then against night it waxe•• [unspec 24] calme againe, and the winde was at Southwest: we made our way vntil Sunday noone North∣west and by West, and then we had the latitude in 70 degrees and a halfe, the winde at South∣west: there was a billow, so that we could not discerne to take the latitude exactly, but by a reaso∣nable gesse.

[unspec 25] Munday there was a pretie gale of wind at South, so that wee went West and by South, the latitude this day at noone was 70 degrees 10 minutes: wee had little-winde all day: at a Westnorthwest sunne we sounded, and had 29 fadoms blacke sandie oze, & then we were North∣east 5 leagues from the Northeast part of the Island Colgoieue.

[unspec 26] Tuesday the wind all Westerly we plyed to the wind wards.

[unspec 27] Wednesday the wind was all Westerly, and calme: wee had the latitude this day in 70 de∣grees 10 minutes, we being within three leagues of the North part of the Island Colgoieue.

[unspec 28] Thursday, we went roome about the Westermost part of the Island, seeking where we might

finde a place to ride in for a Northwest wind, but could find none, and then we cast about againe to the seawards, and the winde came at Westsouthwest, and this morning we had plenty of snow.

Friday, the winde being at Southwest and by West, we plied to the windewards. [unspec 29]

Saturday, the winde being at South, we plyed to the Westwards, and at afternoone the mist brake vp, and then we might see the land seuen or eight leagues to the Eastwards of Caninoz: we sounded a litle before and had 35. fadoms and oze. And a while after wee sounded againe, and had 19. fadome and sand: then we were within three leagues and a halfe of the shore, and towards night there came downe so much winde, that we were faine to bring our ship a trie, and laide her head to the Westwards.

Sunday, the winde became more calme, and then it waxed verie mystie: At noone wee cast [unspec 30] about to the Eastwards, the winde beeing at South, and ranne eight houres on that boorde, and then we cast about and caped West southwest: we sounded and had 32. fathomes, and tough oaze like clay.

Munday, we doubled about Caninoze, and came at an anker there, to the intent that we might [unspec 31] kill some fish if God would permit it, and there we gace a great Nuse, which Nuses were there so plentie, that they would scarcely suffer any other fish to come neere the hookes: the said Nuses ca∣ried away sundrie of our hookes and leads.

A litle after at a West Sunne, the winde began to blow stormie at West southwest, so that we were faine to wey and forsake our fishing ground, and went close by the winde Southwest, and Southwest and by West, making our way South southwest.

Notes

• * 1.1

  Samoeds.
• * 1.2

  The maners of the Sa∣moeds.
• * 1.3

  The Samoeds of the Ob very hurtfull and shrewd people.
• * 1.4

  Naramzay.
• * 1.5

  The latitude. The variation of the compas.
• * 1.6

  They land vp∣on Vaigats.
• * 1.7

  The vncer••en∣tie of ••••bing & flowing.
• * 1.8

  They were within 15 leagues of Pechora
• * 1.9

  They returne the 22 of Au∣gust.