The principal nauigations, voyages, traffiques and discoueries of the English nation. [vols. 1-3] made by sea or ouer-land, to the remote and farthest distant quarters of the earth, at any time within the compasse of these 1600. yeres: deuided into three seuerall volumes, according to the positions of the regions, whereunto they were directed. The first volume containeth the worthy discoueries, &c. of the English ... The second volume comprehendeth the principall nauigations ... to the south and south-east parts of the world ... By Richard Hakluyt preacher, and sometime student of Christ-Church in Oxford.

The course from the Canaries to the VVest Indies.

IF you set saile from any of the Islands of the Canaries for the West Indias, you must stirre away 30. or 40 leagues due South, to the ende you may auoid the calmes of the Island of Fierro:* 1.1 and being so farre distant from the said Island, then must you stirre a∣way West Southwest, vntill you finde your selfe in 20. degrees, and then saile West and by South vntill you come to 15. degrees and ½. And from thence stirre away West and by North; and so shall you make a West way by reason of the Northwesting of the Compasse: which West way will bring you to the Island of Deseada.* 1.2

The markes of the Island of Deseada.

THis Island Deseada lieth East Northeast, and West Southwest, hauing no trees vpon it, and it is proportioned like a Galley, and the Northeast ende thereof maketh a lowe nose like the snowe of a galley; and by comming neere it, and passing by the Norther ende thereof, you shall perceiue white broken patches like heapes of sand with red strakes in them: & the Southwest end of this Island maketh like the tile of a galley. And this Island standeth in 15. degrees and ½.* 1.3

Markes of the Island of Monserate.

MOnserate is an high Island, and round, full of trees, and vpon the East side thereof you shall perceiue certain white spots like sheetes; and being vpon the South side at the very point of the Island, somewhat off the land, it maketh like a litle Island: and putting your selfe either East or West from that point, in the midst thereof will appeare a great broken land.

Markes of the Island of Marigalanta.

MArigalanta is a smooth Island, and full of wood or trees, and as it were of the fashion of a galley vpon her decke: and being on the Southeast side about halfe a league off you shall make certaine homocks of blacke stones, and certain white patches: but on the West side appeare faire white sandy shores or plaines.

Markes of the Isle of Dominica.

THe Island of Dominica lieth Northwest and Southeast, and vpon the Northwest side it sheweth more high: and if you come neere it at full sea, it will shew like two Islands, but by comming neerer vnto it, you shall perceiue it to be but one: and vpon the Southeast side you shall make or see a plaine and long point, and vpon the same point appeareth a cliffe like to the cliffe of Cape Tiburon; and vpon the North side a litle from the land it sheweth like a litle Island, and vp∣on the top thereof is, as it were, an high steeple, and vpon the Norther side you shall perceiue it like many white sheetes.

Markes of the Island of Guadalupe.

THe Island of Guadalupe lieth on the West of Deseada, and vpon the Southwest part there∣of appeare many hie mountaines, but vpon the East side it maketh certaine tables, which are called the high part of Guadalupe. And this Island is cut North and South; so that the Canoas of India do passe from the North to the South of it, as if it were two Islands.

Markes of the Isle of Matalina, or Martinino.

THe Isle of Matalina is high and full of mountaines, hauing in the midst thereof 3. homocks: the middlemost homocke being highest sheweth like the great bowle of an hat. And vpon the North side it appeareth like three little Islands.* 1.4 And in this Island there are warlik Indians like those of Dominica.

Markes of the three small Islands called Islas de Los Santos, or the Islands of Saintes.

LOs Santos are 3. Islandes lying one close by another vpon the South side of Guadalupe. For to goe with S. Iuan de Puerto rico you must stirre away Northwest, vntill you fall with the Isle of Saba.

Markes to know the Isle of Saba.

SAba is a litle Island, and round about it you shall see the bottome; but feare not, for there is no danger but that which you shall see; and round about it, it maketh as it were certaine heapes of white sand; and by the side thereof it sheweth like a Ship vnder saile: but follow that directi∣on that I haue giuen, and you shall see La virgin gorda.

Markes to know the Isle called La virgin gorda.

LA virgin gorda is an high Island and round, and seeing it, you shall espie all the rest of the Virgines which lye East and West one from another, and are ba••e without any trees. You may goe about by them vntil you see the litle gray Island, which you shal see by it selfe by the Vir∣gines;* 1.5 and comming neere to the sayd Island, ouer that you shall by and by rayse sight of the white litle I••land, which seemeth like a ship vnder saile. And if you will passe betweene this litle whi••e I••land or bare rocke, and the greene Island, you must beware that you leaue the white Island on the larbourd side of you, and come no neerer it then a Calieuer-shot, and so shall you passe through 12. fadome-water: and then stirre away Northnorthwest, and so shall you enter into the Hauen of Puerto rico: and if you chance to passe the sayd Island by night, goe by the foresaid direction, vnt••ll the first watch be out, and then take in your sayles, and so driue vntill it bee neere day: and then hoise sayles, and stirre away Southwest, seeking the sayde Port: and when you come to the entring within, you must stay till 10. of the clocke for the sea-turne. And know, that hauing the Loguilo at Southwest, then shall the Harbour be off you North and South.

Directions from Monserate to Santa Cruz.

HE that departeth from Monserate to Santa Cruz, must stirre away Westnortwest: and by the same course you shall seaze vpon S. Iuan de Puerto rico.

Markes to know the Isle of Santa Cruz.

SAnta Cruz is an Island not very high, all full of homocks: and comming with it at full sea, it will shew like the Virgines: and vpon the East side there are two homocks higher then all the re••t. And by this course you may goe to the Isle of S. Iuan de Puerto rico; and hauing found it you may sayle along the South coast East and West, vntill you come to Cabo Roxo.

Markes to know Cape Roxo.

CApe Roxo is a low Cape and trayling to the sea-ward, hauing certaine heapes of broken ground thereon, which are like a homocke, and at full sea the same sheweth like a litle Island from the land by it selfe, but comming neere vnto it, it will make all a whole land.

Directions from Cabo roxo to the Isle of Mona.

If you will seeke Mona fro Cape roxo, you must stirre away West and by North.

Markes of the Isle of Mona.

THe Isle of Mona is a low, round, and smooth Island, lying lowe by the sea, and full of trees•• and to goe from thence to the Isle of Saona you must stirre away West; and if you fall with it in the night season, and come any thing neere the land, then stirre away West and by South, vntill it be neere day, that you may keepe your selfe by the land; and if so be that in the Morning you see it not, then stirre away Northwest, and so shall you finde it: and if it be faire weather, and you perceiue that the current hath set you to the Southwest, then stirre away Northnorthwest, and so shall you goe cleare off the land.

Markes of the Isle of Saona.

IF you chance to see the Isle of Saona, it is an Island smooth with the sea, and lyeth Northeast and Southwest, and you shall see the trees before you see the Island: and on the Southwest end of this Island appeareth a great high banke of white sand which is called the head of Saona•• And if you would come to an anchor, you may, for all is cleare ground. And to go from this Island to Santa Catelina, you must stirre away Norhtwest.

Markes of the Isle of Santa Catelina.

SAnta Catelina is a litle lowe Island all full of low rockes euen from the water, and hath not any trees, and it is close by the land; and if you doe not run along the coast of Hispaniola, you shall not see it: and from the Island to goe to Saint Domingo, you shall sayle along as the land lyeth, West an•• by North: and before you come to the point called Causedo, you shall see cer∣taine holes in rockes,* 1.6 which lye alongst as the rocks doe that cast vp the water, which will shew like to the sp••uting of Whales. And a litle ahead off that, you shall see the point of Andresa: and ahead thereof the poynt of Causedo. This poynt of Causedo lyeth lowe close by the wa∣ter, and passing thereby, the coast will make to thee Northwest and Southeast; and from thence to S. Domingo are 5. leagues.* 1.7 And if the winde chop vp at North vpon you, by meanes where∣of you should be cast o••f from the coast or Port, and that you happen to see the olde Mines (called Si••••ras de las minas viejas) beare Northwest off you,* 1.8 and The reates which are within the land be open of you then shal you be North and South with the harb••ur; and if The old Mines beare North off you, then shall you be below the harbour.

Directions from Saint Domingo to Nueua Espanna.

IF you will sayle from Saint Domingo in Hispaniola to Nueua Espanna, stirre away South∣southwest, vntil you come vp as farre as the point of Niçao:* 1.9 and from thence stirre away West∣southwest, and so you shall finde the Isle of Bea••a.* 1.10 And if you saile from this point of Niçao for Ocoa,* 1.11 you must passe along the coast West and by North, vntill you come to Puerto Hermoso, or The beautifull hauen, which is 18. leagues distant from Saint Domingo: and if you proceede from Puerto Hermoso for Nueua Espanna,* 1.12 you must stirre away Southsouthwest, vntill you looke out for Beata and Alto velo.* 1.13

Markes of the Isle of Beata.

BEata is a small Island and not very high: you may passe along the outside thereof, and there is no danger but that you may see; and by and by you shall raise Alto velo: and from thence you mu••t stirre away West and by South, to giue a birth from the Islands called Los Frailes,* 1.14 or The Friers. And when you are as farre ahead as the Frailes, then must you stirre away West and by North, and so shall you goe right with Bacoa, and before you come to it,* 1.15 you shall see high crag∣gie cliffes, and at the descending of them white paths like great sheetes; these high craggie moun∣taines are called Las sierras de donna Maria.* 1.16 And before you come to the sayde point of Bacoa, you shall discouer a little lowe Island euen with the Sea and full of trees, which is called Isla Baque.* 1.17

Directions from Isla Baque to Cape Tiburon.

IF you will goe from the Island Baque, or from the point of Bacoa for Cape Tiburon,* 1.18 or to the isle of Nauaza,* 1.19 you must stirre away Westnorthwest, and edge in somewhat to the Northwest, and you shall passe betweene Nauaza and Cape Tiburon.

Markes of Cape Tiburon, which is the Western cape of Hispaniola.

CApe Tiburon lyeth sliding downe to the Seaward, and maketh a sharpe cliffe like the snout of a Tiburon or sharke-fish; and vpon the top thereof it appeareth like white wayes with cer∣taine gullets or draines vpon it, which are caused by the passage of the water from the mountaine in the Winter time.

Markes of the Isle of Nauaza.

NAuaza is a litle round Island full of low trees or shrubs, and it lyeth East and West from Cape Tiburon, and from this small Island to go for Sierras de Cobre, or The mountaines or mines of Copper vpon the Southeast part of Cuba, you must stirre away Northnorthwest.

Directions from Cape Tibu••on to Cabo de Cruz in Cuba.

IF you will saile from Cape Tibu••on to Cape de Cruz in Cuba, you must stirre away North∣west, and you shall see the Sierras or mountaines de Cobre;* 1.20 and from thence you may goe a∣long the coast West towardes Cabo de Cruz; and before you come at it you shall see The great Tarqui••••, and from this Tarquino you shall haue to Cape de Cruz 30. leagues, and this great Tarquino is the highest land vpon all that coast; and then by and by you shall see the lesser Tarqui∣no,* 1.21 from whence to the foresayd Cape you haue 12. leagues, and ••o shall you goe discouering the coast, vntill you come to Cabo de Cruz.

Markes of Cabo de Cruz.

CApe de Cruz is a low Cape full of shrubs; and from thence Westward you shall see no land•• for the distance or bay is great between the sayd Cape and th•• Isles called Los Iardines.

Directions from Cape de Cruz to Isla de Pinos.

IF you sayle from Cape de Cruz to seeke the Island of Pinos, you must stir away Westnorth∣west. And note, that if in this course you happen to sounde, doe not feare; for you haue nine fathoms. If also going this course, you meete with certaine little Islands vpon the larboord side, which are called The Caimanes, or The crocodiles, hauing sight of them, ••••ir away Northwest,* 1.22 and so shall you finde the Island of Pinos. And if by seeing the sayde Islands called Caimanes you are amazed, you shall knowe by the latitude, whither they ••ee The Iardines or no:* 1.23 for if you finde your selfe in one and twentie degrees, then bee you su••e they are The Iardines, and then stir out againe South, till you bee cleare of them; and when you haue brought them North of you, then may you stirre away West, if it bee by day; if it bee bynight, West and by South, till you see the Island of Pinos.

The markes of Isla de Pinos.

THe Island of Pinos stretcheth it selfe East and West, and it is full of homocks, and if you chance to see it at full sea, it will shewe like 3. Islands, as though there we••e diuers soundes betweene them, and that in the midst is the greatest; and in rowing with them, it will make all a firme lande: and vpon the East side of these three homocks it will i•• ••we all ragged; and on the West side of them will appeare vnto you a lowe point euen with the sea, and oftentimes you shall see the trees before you shall discerne the point.

Directions from the Isle of Pinos to Cape de Corrientes.

IF you saile from the foresayde Isle of Pinos to Cape de Corrientes, stir away West and by North; and before you come to the sayd Cape vpon the Northside of you, you shall see cert••ine mountaines all full of homocks, which are called Las Sierras de Guanagua••ico,* 1.24 and that vpon the West part hath more homocks then that on the other.

Markes of Cape de Corrientes.

CApe de Corrientes is a lowe Cape, though not so low as the other part of the land that lyeth along by it: for it is more lowe, and hath vpon it 4. or 5. great splats like vnto oxen, and the very point of the Cape is all white sand: and from thence Westward you shall discerne no lande, for it maketh a great bay: and from hence you must saile to Cape de Sant Anton.

Markes of Cape de Sant Anton.

THe cape of Sant Anton is lowe by the sea, and all full of shrubs or trees; and you shall see with∣in the land a lake of fresh water:* 1.25 and if you want water, there you may water: and vpon the North side of the said Cape you shall discerne a palme tree higher then the rest of the trees, and it sheweth round like a bowle at the top, like to the top of a ship: and North from the Cape are cer∣taine sholdes which are 2. or 3. leagues long.

Directions from the Cape de S. Anton to Nueua Espanna on the outside of the small Islands called Los Alacranes or The Scorpions.

IF you will sayle from Cape Sant Anton to Nueua Espanna with a North winde, then stirre a∣way Westnorthwest from 21. to 22. degrees, and then sound vpon the pracel or flat; and if you see by this direction, that you holde water, then stir away Northwest, vntill you lose the ground;

and then follow your course againe, vntill you haue brought your selfe into 24. degrees and ½. and then saile West vntill you bring your selfe North and South with the Isle Ve••meja, or The red Isle:* 1.26 then stir away Southwest, and by this way you shall finde Villa rica on the coast of Nueua Espanna.* 1.27 And if by going this course you be in 19. degrees and ½. and chance not to see the lande, then stir away West vntill you see Villa rica, and from thence saile you South for the harbour of S. Iuan de Vllua:* 1.28 and if you should be neere the land you must stir South and by West towardes the same harbour. And if you chance to see the Volcan or burning hill to beare west & by South from you,* 1.29 then know, that the harbour of S. Iuan de Vllua shalbe East and west off you.

Markes of Villa rica.

VIlla rica standeth in 19. degres and ½. and the signes thereof are certaine high hilles full of ho∣mocks of many heads, which haue on the top of thē certain white patches after the maner of white beaten wayes; and these hils lie Northeast and Southwest. And if you doubt whether these be the Sierras or hils of S. Martin, wet your lead or sound, and if you finde bottome, they are the Si∣erras of Villa rica:* 1.30 and saile you to the landward, and looke by how much you come neerer the land, so much will they seeme lower vnto you:* 1.31 but so doe not the hilles of S. Martin; for the neerer you come to them, the higher will they appeare to you: and likewise if they ••e the hilles of S•• Martin, you shall not finde bottome, but euen at land it selfe.

Notes

• * 1.1

  The calmes of 〈◊〉〈◊〉
• * 1.2

  The variation of the com∣passe.
• * 1.3

  Deseada in 15. ••egrees and a hal••e.
• * 1.4

  Warlike and dangerous In∣dians like ••hose o•• Dominica.
• * 1.5

  These 2. the white and the gray Islands are rather ba•••• rockes in the sea, fo•• so doeth Farrallon the Spanish word signifie. But I interpr••te it Island, because all the rocks separated frō the bigger Is∣lands are sa••d to be litle Is∣lands.

  This white & bare Island is made whit•• vp the d••ng of birdes and sea-foules that re∣sort vnto it.
• * 1.6

  These rockes are called Los 〈◊〉〈◊〉, or the spo••tes. The point o•• Causedo.
• * 1.7

  ••an Domingo.
• * 1.8

  〈1 paragraph〉〈1 paragraph〉
• * 1.9

  The point of Ni••ao
• * 1.10

  The Isle of Beata.
• * 1.11

  Ocoa.
• * 1.12

  Puerto hermoso.
• * 1.13

  The Isle of Alto Velo••
• * 1.14

  〈◊〉〈◊〉 Frailes.
• * 1.15

  〈◊〉〈◊〉.
• * 1.16

  Las sierras de donna Maria.
• * 1.17

  Isla Baque.
• * 1.18

  Cape Tiburon.
• * 1.19

  The Isle of Nauaza.
• * 1.20

  Sierras de Cob••••.
• * 1.21

  Sierras de Tar∣quino.
• * 1.22

  Los Caimanes.
• * 1.23

  Los Iardines.
• * 1.24

  Las sierras de Guanaguarico.
• * 1.25

  A conuenien•• watering place.
• * 1.26

  The Isle Vermeja.
• * 1.27

  Villa rica.
• * 1.28

  ••. Iuan de Vllua.
• * 1.29

  •• volcan or burning hil.
• * 1.30

  ••ierras de Sant Mart••n.
• * 1.31

  Sierras de Villa 〈◊〉〈◊〉.