The principal nauigations, voyages, traffiques and discoueries of the English nation. [vols. 1-3] made by sea or ouer-land, to the remote and farthest distant quarters of the earth, at any time within the compasse of these 1600. yeres: deuided into three seuerall volumes, according to the positions of the regions, whereunto they were directed. The first volume containeth the worthy discoueries, &c. of the English ... The second volume comprehendeth the principall nauigations ... to the south and south-east parts of the world ... By Richard Hakluyt preacher, and sometime student of Christ-Church in Oxford.

The third voyage of discouery made by Captaine Iaques Cartier, 1540. vnto the Countreys of Canada, Hochelaga, and Saguenay.

KIng Francis the first hauing heard the report of Captaine Cartier his Pilot generall in his two former Uoyages of discouery, as w••ll by writing as by word of mouth, touching that which hee had found and seene in the Westerne partes discouered by him in the parts of Canada and Hochelaga, and hauing also seene and talked with the people, which the sayd Cartier had brought out of those Countreys, whereof one was king of Canada, whose name was Donnacona, and others: which after that they had bene a long time in France and Britaine, were baptized at their owne desire and request, and died in the sayd countrey of Britaine. And albeit his Maiestie was aduertized by the sayd Cartier of the death and decease of all the people which were brought ouer by him (which were tenne in number) sauing one little girle about tenne yeeres old,* 1.1 yet he resolued to send the sayd Cartier his Pilot thither againe, with Iohn Francis de la Roche, Knight, Lord of Roberual,* 1.2 whome hee appointed his Lieutenant and Go∣uernour in the Countreys of Canada and Hochelaga, and the sayd Cartier Captaine generall and leader of the shippes, that they might discouer more then was done before in the former voyages, and attaine (if it were possible) vnto the knowledge of the Countrey of Sague∣nay, whereof the people brought by Cartier, as is declared, made mention vnto the King, that there were great riches,* 1.3 and very good countreys. And the King caused a certaine summe of money to be deliuered to furnish out the sayd voyage with fiue shippes: which thing was perfourmed by the sayd Monsieur Roberual and Cartier. After that they had agreed together to rigge the sayd fiue ships at Saint Malo in Britaine, where the two former voyages had beene

prepared and set forth. And the said Monsieur Roberual sent Cartier thither for the same purpose. And after that Cartier had caused the said fiue ships to bee built and furnished and set in good or∣der, Monsieur Roberual came downe to S. Malo and found the ships fallen downe to the roade, with their yards acrosse full ready to depart and set saile, staying for nothing else but the comming of the Generall, and the payment of the furniture. And because Monsieur Roberual the kings lieutenant had not as yet his artillery, powder and munitions, and other things necessary come downe, which he had prouided for the voyage, in the Countreys of Champaigne and Normandie: and becanse the said things were very necessary, and that hee was loth to repart without them, he determined to depart from S. Malo to Roan, and to prepare a ship or two at Honfleur, whether he thought his things were come: And that the said Cartier shoulde depart with the fiue shippes which he had furnished, and should goe before. Considering also that the said Catier had receiued letters from the king,* 1.4 whereby hee did expresly charge him to depart and set sayle immediately vp∣on the sight and receit thereof, on payne of incurring his displeasure, and to lay all the fault on him. And after the conclusion of these things, and the said Monsieur Roberual had taken muster and view of the gentlemen, souldiers, and mariners which were retained and chosen for the per∣formance of the sayd voyage, hee gaue vnto Captaine Cartier full authoritie to depart and goe be∣fore, and to gouerne all things as if he had bene there in person: and himselfe departed to Hon∣fleur to make his farther preparation. After these things thus dipatched, the winde comming faire, the foresayd fiue ships set sayle together well furnished and victualled for two yeere, the 23.* 1.5 of May, 1540. And we sailed so long with contrary winds and continuall torments, which fell out by reason of our late departure, that wee were on the sea without sayd fiue ships full three moneths before wee could arriue at the Port and Hauen of Canada, without euer hauing in all that time 30. houres of good wind to serue vs to keepe our right course:* 1.6 so that our fiue shippes through those stormes lost company one of another, all saue two that kept together, to wit that wherein the Captaine was, and the other wherein went the Uicount of Beaupre, vntill at length at the ende of one moneth wee met all together at the Hauen of Carpont in Newfoundland.* 1.7 But the length of time which we were in passing betweene Britayne and Newfoundland was the cause that we stood in great neede of water, because of the cattell, aswell Goates, Hogges, as other beastes which we caried for breede in the Countrey,* 1.8 which wee were constrained to water with Sider and other drinke. Now therefore because we were the space of three moneths in sayling on the sea, and staying in Newfoundland, wayting for Monsieur Roberual, and taking in of fresh water and other things necessary, wee arriued not before the Hauen of Saincte Croix in Canada, (where in the former voyage we had remayned eight moneths) vntil the 23. day of Au∣gust.* 1.9 In which place the people of the Countrey came to our shippes, making shew of ioy for our arriuall, and namely he came thither which had the rule and gouernment of the Countrey of Ca∣nada,* 1.10 named Agona, which was appointed king there by Donacona, when in the former voyage we carried him into France: And hee came to the Captaines ship with 6. or 7. boates, and with many women and children. And after the sayd Agona had inquired of the Captaine where Do∣nacona and the rest were, the Captaine answered him, That Donacona was dead in France, and that his body rested in the earth, and that the rest stayed there as great Lords, and were maried, and would not returne backe into their Countrey: the said Agona made no shewe of anger at all these speeches: and I thinke he tooke it so well because he remained Lord and Gouernour of the countrey by the death of the said Donacona. After which conference the said Agona tooke a piece of tanned leather of a yellow skin edged about with Esnoguy (which is their riches and the thing which they esteeme most precious, as wee esteeme gold) which was vpon his head in stead of a crowne, and he put the same on the head of our Captaine, and tooke from his wrists two bracelets of Esnoguy, and put them vpon the Captaines armes, colling him aboue the necke and shewing vnto him great signes of ioy: which was all dissimulation, as afterward it wel appeared.* 1.11 The cap∣taine tooke his said crowne of leather and put it againe vpon his head, and gaue him and his wiues certaine small presents, signifying vnto him, that he had brought certaine new things, which after∣ward he would bestow vpon him: for which the sayd Agona thanked the Captaine. And after that he had made him and his company eat and drinke, they departed and returned to the shore with their boates. After which things the sayd Captaine went with two of his boates vp the riuer, be∣yond Canada and Port of Saincte Croix, to view a Hauen and a small riuer, which is about 4. leagues higher:* 1.12 which he found better and more commodious to ride in and lay his ships, then the former. And therefore he returned and caused all his ships to be brought before the sayd riuer, and at a lowe water he caused his Ordinance to bee planted to place his ships in more saftie, which he meant to keepe and stay in the Countrey, which were three: which hee did the day following,

and the rest remayned in the roade in the middest of the riuer (In which place the victuals and other furniture were discharged, which they had brought) from the 26. of August vntill the se∣cond of September, what time they departed to returne for S. Malo•• in which ships he sent backe Mace lolloberte his brother in lawe, and Steuen Noel his Nephew, skilfull and excellent pilots, with letters vnto the king, and to aduertise him what had bene done and found: and how Monsieur de Roberual was not yet come, and that hee feared that by occasion of contrary winds and tem∣pests he was driuen backe againe into France.

The description of the aforesaid Riuer and Hauen.

THe sayd Riuer is small, not past 50. pases broad, and shippes drawing three fathoms water may enter in at a full sea: and at a low water there is nothing but a chanell of a foote deepe or thereabout. On both sides of the said Riuer t••ere are very good and faire grounds, full of as faire and mightie trees as any be in the world, and diuers sorts, which are aboue tenne fathoms higher then the rest, and there is one kind of tree aboue three fathoms about,* 1.13 which they in the C••untrey call Hanneda, which hath the most excellent vertue of all the trees of the world, where∣of I will make mention hereafter. Moreouer there are great store of Okes the most excellent that euer I saw in my life, which were so laden with Mast that they cracked againe: besides this there are fairer Arables, Cedars, Beethes, and other trees, th••n grow in France: and hard vnto this wood on the South side the ground is all couered with Uines, which we found laden with grapes as blacke as Mulbertes,* 1.14 but they be not so kind as those of France because the Uines bee not tilled, and because they grow of their owne accord. Moreuer there are many white Thornes, which beare leaues as bigge as oken leaues, and fruit like vnto Medlers.* 1.15 To bee short, it is as good a Countrey to plow and mannure as a man should fi••d or desire. We sowed seedes here of our Countrey,* 1.16 as Cabages, Naueaus, Lettises and others, which grew and sprong vp out of the ground in eight dayes. The mouth of the riuer is toward the South, and it windeth Northward like vnto a snake: and at the mouth of it toward the East there is a high and steepe cliffe, where we made a way in maner of a payre of staires, and aloft we made a Fort to keepe the nether Fort and the ships, and all things that might passe aswell by the great as by this small riuer. Moreouer a man may behold a great extension of ground apt for tillage,* 1.17 straite and handsome and somewhat enclining toward the South, as easie to be brought to tillage as I would desire, and very well re∣plenished with faire Okes and other trees of great beauty, no thicker then the Forrests of France. Here wee set twenty men to worke, which in one day had laboured about an acre and an halfe of the said ground, and sowed it part with Nanea••s or small Turneps, which at the ende of eight dayes, as I said before, sprang out of the earth. And vpon that high cliffe wee found a faire foun∣taine very neere the sayd Fort: adioyning whereunto we found good store of stones, which we e∣steemed to be Diamants.* 1.18 On the other side of the said mountaine and at the foote thereof, which is towards the great Riuer is all along a goodly Myne of the best yron in the world, and it reacheth euen hard vnto our Fort and the sand which we tread on is perfect refined Myne, ready to be put into the fornace. And on the waters side we found certaine leaues of fine gold as thicke as a mans nayle.* 1.19 And Westward of the said Riuer there are, as hath bene sayd, many faire trees: and toward the water a goodly Medow full of as faire and goodly grasse as euer I sawe in any Medowe in France: and betweene the sayd Medow and the Wood are great store of Uines: and beyond the said Uines the land groweth full of Hempe which groweth of it selfe, which is as good as possibly may be seene, and as strong.* 1.20 And at the ende of the sayd Medow within an hundred pases there is a rising ground, which is of a kind of state stone blacke and thicke, wherein are veines of mynerall matter, which shewe like gold and siluer: and throughout all that stone there are great graines of the sayd Myne. And in some places we haue found stones like Diamants, the most faire, polli∣shed and excellently cut that it is possible for a man to see, when the Sunne shineth vpon them, they glister as it were sparkles of fire.

How after the departure of the two shippes which were sent backe into Britaine, and that the Fort was begun to be builded, the Cap∣taine prepared two boates to goe vp the great Riuer to discouer the passage of the three Saults or falles of the Riuer.

THe sayd Captaine hauing dispatched two ships to returne to carry newes, according as hee had in charge from the king, and that the Fort was begun to be builded, for preseruation of

their victuals and other things, determined with the Uicount of Beaup••e,* 1.21 and other Gentlemen, Masters, and Pilots chosen for counsayle, to make a voyage with two boates furnished with men and victuals to goe as farre as Hochelaga, of purpose to view and vnderstand the fashion of the Saults of water, which are to be passed to goe to Saguenay,* 1.22 that hee might be the readier in the spring to passe farther, and in the Winter time to make all things needefull in a readinesse for their businesse. The foresaid boates being made ready, the Captaine and Martine de Painpont, with other Gentlemen and the remnant of the Mariners departed from the sayd place of Charles∣burg Royal the seuenth day of September in the yeere aforesayd 1540. And the Uicount of Beaupre stayed behind for the garding and gouernement of all things in the Fort And as they went vp the riuer, the Captaine went to see the Lord of Hochelay, which dwelleth betweene Ca∣nada and Hochelaga: which in the former voyage had giuen v••to the said Captaine a little girle, and had oftentimes enformed him of the treasons which Taignoagny and Domagaya (whom the Captaine in his former voyage had caried into France) would haue wrought against him. In re∣gard of which his curtesie the said Captaine would not passe by without visiting of him, and to let him vnderstand that the Captaine though; himselfe beholding vnto him, hee gaue vnto him two yong boyes, and left them with him to learne their language, and bestowed vpon him a cloake of Paris red,* 1.23 which cloake was set with yealow and white buttons of Tinne, and small belles. And with all hee gaue him two Basins of Laton, and certaine hachets and kniues: whereat the sayde Lord seemed highly to reioyce, and thanked the Captaine. This done, the Captaine and his com∣pany departed from that place: And wee sailed with so prospercus a wind, that we arriued the eleuenth day of the moneth at the first Sault of water, which is two leagues distant from the Towne of Tutonaguy.* 1.24 And after wee were arriued there, wee determined to goe and passe as farre vp as it was possible with one of the boates, and that the other should stay there till it retur∣ned: and wee double manned her to rowe vp against the course or streame of the sayde Sault. And after wee had passed some part of the way from our other boate,* 1.25 wee found badde ground and great rockes, and so great a current, that wee could not possibly passe any further with our Boate. And the Captaine resolued to goe by land to see the nature and fashion of the Sault. And after that we were come on shore, wee founde hard by the water side a way and beaten path go∣ing toward the sayde Saultes, by which wee tooke our way. And on the sayd way, and soone af∣ter we found an habitation of people which made vs great cheere, and entertained vs very friend∣ly.* 1.26 And after that he had signified vnto them, that wee were going toward the Saults, and that wee desired to goe to Saguenay, foure yong men went along with vs to shewe vs the way, and they brought vs so farre that wee came to another village or habitation of good people,* 1.27 which dwell ouer against the second Sault, which came and brought vs of their victuals, as Pottage and Fish, and offered vs of the same. After that the Captaine had enquired of them as well by signes as wordes, how many more Saults wee had to passe to goe to Saguenay, and what distance and way it was thither, this people shewed vs and gaue vs to vnderstand, that wee were at the second Sault, and that there was but one more to passe, that the Riuer was not nauigable to goe to Saguenay, and that the sayd Sault was but a third part farther then we had trauailed, shewing vs the same with certaine little stickes, which they layd vpon the ground in a certaine distance, and afterward layde other small branches betweene both, representing the Saults. And by the sayde marke, if their saying be true, it can be but sixe leagues by land to passe the sayd Saults,

Here after followeth the figure of the three Saults.

AFter that we had bene aduertised by the sayde people, of the things abouementioned, both because the day was farre spent, and we had neither drunke nor eaten the same day, we con∣cluded to returne vnto our boats, and we came thither, where we found great store of people to the number of 400. persons or thereabout,* 1.28 which seemed to giue vs very good entertainment and to reioyce of our comming: And therefore our Captaine gaue eche of them certaine small trifles, as combs, brooches of tynne and copper, and other smal toyes, and vnto the chiefe men euery one ••is litle hatchet & hooke, whereat they made certaine cries and ceremonies of ioy.* 1.29 But a man must not trust them for all their faire ceremonies and signes of ioy, for if they had thought they had bene too strong for vs, then would they haue done their best to haue killed vs, as we vnderstood afterward.* 1.30 This being done, we returned with our boats, and passed by the dwelling of the Lord of Hoche∣lay, with whom the Captaine had left the two youths as hee came vp the riuer, thinking to haue found him: But hee coulde find no body saue one of his sonnes, who tolde the Captaine that hee

was gone to Maisouna,* 1.31 as our boyes also told vs, saying, that it was two dayes since he departed. But in truth hee was gone to Canada to conclude with Agona, what they should doe against vs. And when we were arriued at our Fort, wee vnderstoode by our people, that the Sauages of the Countrey came not any more about our Fort as they were accustomed, to bring vs fish, and that they were in a wonderful doubt and feare of vs. Wherefore our Captaine, hauing bene aduerti∣sed by some of our men which had bene at Stadacona to visite them,* 1.32 that there were a wonderfull number of the Countrey people assembled together, caused all things in our fortresse to bee set in good order: &c.

The rest is wanting.

Notes

• * 1.1

  Ten Sauages brought into France.
• * 1.2

  Iohn Francis de la Roche, lord of Roberual.
• * 1.3

  Great riches & very good soile in Saguenay, which to be∣yond y^e saults.
• * 1.4

  The kings let∣ters to Cartier.
• * 1.5

  23. of May, 1540.
• * 1.6

  The great mis∣chiefe of leesing the season.
• * 1.7

  Carpont Hauen.
• * 1.8

  Transporting of diuers sorts o•• cattell for breed.
• * 1.9

  The 23 of August.
• * 1.10

  The new king of Canada.
• * 1.11

  Great dissimu∣lation of a Sauage.
• * 1.12

  A good roade 4. leagues a∣boue Saincte Croix.
• * 1.13

  Trees aboue 3. fath••ms a∣bout.

  Hanneda the most excellent tree of the world.
• * 1.14

  Abundance of Uines full of grapes.
• * 1.15

  Fruit like Medlers.
• * 1.16

  Seed sprong out of the ground with∣in 8 dayes.
• * 1.17

  A great plaine of very good arable ground.
• * 1.18

  Diamants of Canada.

  An yron Mine.
• * 1.19

  Leaues of fine gold as thicke as a mans naile found in Canada.
• * 1.20

  Excellent and ••trong hempe.
• * 1.21

  The Uicount of Beau••••e and the rest of their councell.
• * 1.22

  The rich co••n∣trey of Sague∣na•• s••ma••d h••rond the Saules which are in 44. deg. They depart from Charles∣burg Royal the 7. of Septem.
• * 1.23

  They delight in red cloth.
• * 1.24

  The 11 of September. The Towne of Tutonag••y.
• * 1.25

  Bad ground•• and a great current.
• * 1.26

  A Towne of friendly peo∣ple.
• * 1.27

  Another vi••∣lage of good people which dwell ouer a∣gainst the se∣cond Sault.

  They were at the second Sault.

  The riuer not nauigable to passe to Sague∣nay.
• * 1.28

  400 person•• about their boa••e••.
• * 1.29

  Like those of new Albion.
• * 1.30

  The Sauage•• are great di••••∣semb••••••••.
• * 1.31

  Maisouna.

  The Sauages conspi••e toge∣ther against the French.
• * 1.32

  A very great number of Sa∣uages asse••∣bled together.