The Frenche chirurgerye, or all the manualle operations of chirurgerye , vvith divers, & sundrye figures, and amongst the rest, certayne nuefovvnde instrumentes, verye necessarye to all the operationes of chirurgerye. Through Iaques Guillemeau, of Orleans ordinarye chirurgiane to the Kinge, and sworen in the citye of Paris. And novv truelye translated out of Dutch into Englishe by A.M.

An Apologye, for the Chirurgians, wher throughe is apparantlye, & evidentlye demon∣strated, & shewed, which be the occasions, or causes of death, in divers & sundry, wounded Persons, although notwithstandinge, their woundes weare smalle: wher by the Chyrurgians may be liberated, & excused, from all calumnes, & sclaunders wher with falsely they are accused, & reproched.

THe common discourses of Chyrurgery, are novve adayes farre more meane, & idle, more fabulouse, & vncertayne, thē the Nativityes of the Goddes, the Historyes of

the Giantes or the doctrines of the Philosophi∣call stone yea & a thousand other phantasticall sommationes,* 1.1 & dreames.

There is novvadayes in all Fraunce, but one expert Chyrurgiane, vvhome everye poten∣tate and great Lorde, endevoureth to retayn by them, vvherthrough they are vvont to say I ha∣ve the best & expertest Chyrurgian vvhich is li∣ving, vvherfore they also laude, & extoll him, to have a million of knackes vvhich vveare never before herde, or knovvne. The one boasteth that his Chyrurgiā, in a verye shorte time, hath cured one vvhich hath binn shott clean throu∣ghe his head althoughe the very substāce of the Braynes,* 1.2 issued therout: the other stedfastlye af∣firmeth, that his Chyrurgiane, hath agayn im∣posed the Eye of a man, vvhich frō the earth he tooke vp, vvithout beinge deprived of his sight in that Eye, or els that he cut of a peece of ones Liver, or Milte, & yet hath praeserved the life of the man. Farthermore an other vvill bouldlye periure himselfe, & say, that they are but nuga∣tiones, & Childrens play for his Chyrurgian to cure, a harqueboushed, or shotten vvounde of the Harte, the Liver, the Milte, the Blather, and the stomacke, and the Intestins and of the great vaynes, yea & is noe more molested ther∣vvith, thē vveare the Sould lours of Iulius Cae∣sar, vvhich never interrogated hovv forcible, & strong theire enimies vveare, but vvheare they vveare: nether one vvhat place of the Citye the breach vvas bartered but vvhether īdeed it vve are shott or not.* 1.3 So that novvadayes, the Chy∣rurgianes also doe not anye more aske, nether doe any more endevoure, to knovv the nature, the conditiō, the necessity, the vse, or the vvor∣thines, or excellencye of the vvounded partes, but aske only vvhether the man be vvouded, & althoughe all the ossicles of his Legge, vveare crushed, yet vvithī the space of 14. dayes, at the farthest, vvith theire vvater of shottē vvoundes they are able to cure them, although I my selfe doe not disdayne the same, the same beinge ad¦ministred, & vsed vvith discretton. And breefly to cōclude each lord supposeth that he hath by him an Hippocrates, an Aesculapius, a Podalirus, a Machaon.

Out of vvhich ignorāce, & persuasion, as not to knovve, vvhat vvoundes are mortalle or cu∣rable, vvhat vvoūdes are little, or greate, vvhich are of an easy, or difficulte resanation, ther must then necessarilye heerout follovve, that vvhēas any body seemeth to be little hurt & dyeth vn∣der the hādes of a most expert Chyrurgiā ether because of the greatnes of the vvound, through any vnhealthfullnes of the bodye, through any concursione of humours, or els because of any vnexpected accidentes, he is then vvithout all compassione, blamed, disdayned and diffamed, notvvithstandinge all his greate paynes or dil∣ligence, accordinge to the arte he in curinge of the foresayed Patient hath done & that, because they are ignorant of the causes of his deathe, & allvvayes persuade themselves,* 1.4 that if the Patiēt had binne in handes of theire Chyrurgiane, he vvithout al doubte had not dyed, although that theire Chyrurgian, have experimented & tried little or nothinge at all and is vvholy inexper∣te so that by continuance of time vve finde thē to doe, or vvorck noe more miracles thē a com¦mon or lay man, and also vvith noe more cer∣tayntye, doctrine, nor experience and oftenti∣mes in their practise, beinge at theire vvittes, or councels end, are constrayned to sue for succou¦re, & ayde of their companions, or partakers. Because therfore that in conseqvente times heerafter, these fellovves, should not vndeser∣vedlye reape such honoure, & the aunciente Chyrurgianes might liberate, & free thēselves from all calumnes, & of beinge ignorāt vvhich is layed to their charge, and to reqvite, and re∣solve the opinions of those mighty, and potē∣tat Lordes vvith reason, because therafter they doe no more blame, and sclaunder the Chyrur¦gianes, I vvill heere breeflye recite,* 1.5 the occasi∣ons of Death, causinge them playnlye, and evi∣dently, to vnderstāde that ther are some vvhich of a vvoūd, vvhich vve esteeme to be but small, and of little regarde, doe notvvithstanding dye, & yet of expert, & learnede men the same vvas esteemed, and accounted for a perillouse vvo∣unde. And contrarilye, some are cured of great vvoundes, vvhich indeede vve esteeme to be but smalle, and of little regarde, and vvhich vvith all facilitye may be cured.* 1.6 Notvvith∣standinge beinge impossible for the Chyrur∣giane, hovv erudite, & experte, soever he be, to cure all men, althoughe at sometimes they be vvoundede vvith verye smalle vvoundes.

Novv therfore to returne to our discourse,* 1.7 vve must first of all knovve, that to cure a vvo¦undede parte, & to restore agayne that person- into his former, & accustomed estate of health thervnto are many thinges reqvired, vvhich I heere normallye, & rightlye vvill prosecute. First of all ther is the integrity, force, & vigore of the vulneratede, & hurte parte, or membre: As evidentlye doe demonstrat vnto vs, the auc∣thoritye, reasone, and experience: For accordīg to the opinione, and sentence, of divine Hippo∣crates, It is nature vvhich cureth all sicknesses, and disseases sect. 5. Epid. 6.

The vvounded partes are infeebled, ether cō∣sidering the nature of their first conformation or throughe any accidentes, chauncinge to the dissease, or els because of any hurtes, or shottes vvhich happen vnto the same: vve may throu∣ghe their nature knovve thē vvhen as the head is to little, for as then it is vvhole inconveniēt: Or els to grosse and so vaste, and ponderouse,

that becaus of the dissease, the patiēt is not able to beare vp the same right on his shoulders: If so be it be perfectlye, and completly rounde for in such a Heade is ether vvanting, the ante∣rioure,* 1.8 or the posterioure future, or both of thē together vvhich are the suspiracles, through the vvhich nature disburseth her selfe, of all super∣fluityes, vvhich beinge therin contaynede, they retardate the curatione of the vvounde. And if it soe chaunced, that the Heade of your vvoun∣ded, vveare indecently formed, the vvound see∣minge to be small, (allthough indeede noe Ca∣pitalle vvoundes are to be esteemed smalle) and the curation therof be tardife, and the Patiente chaunce to dye therof, vve ought not as then in anye sorte to attribute the faulte vnto the Chy∣rurgiane but to the badde formatione of that parte vvhich is hurte, or vvounded.

VVe must alsoe vnderstande the same of the Breaste, vvhich being anguste, & stricte, suffici∣ently demonstrateth vnto vs, that the harte and the naturall calor of the same are very feeble be cause the domicille of the harte, & the Lūges is to angustlye formed: vvhich might be the cause that if any body, being vvounded in such an an∣gust & stricte breaste, shall vvith great difficul∣ty receave agayn his health, because the natural caliditye, being in these partes feeble, & lāguide shall not be able to surmount the Accidentes vvhich ordinarilye happen vnto such partes, as difficulty of respiratiō, through the oppression of the effuded blood in that part, vvhich cā not be digested, nor expelled, ether by the Mouthe, or through the vvoūd, & that for vvante of na∣turall caloure, vvhich cōmonly in such a stricte & anguste Breast is very smalle.* 1.9 The like may also be sayed of the Back, & of the Spina Dorsi or Backebone, vvhich being sōvvhat to lōg as tho∣se vvhich cōtumeliouslye, & diridingly vve call Elevenribbes, because they have such huge and vaste long sydes vvherof vve neede not doubt, but that such a Back or Backcbone, is farre mo∣re debile then others, & therfore more apte, and prone to receave anye vnnaturall humiditye, vvherfor also in such vvoūdes there happē gre∣at fluxiōs betvveen the Muscles, & the skinn & betvvixte the distāces of the same, becaus of the great quātity of excremētes, vvhich have theire accourse out of the Braynes, & other partes of the body, vvherby, betvveē the Muscles & the di¦stāces of the same, there sincke manye superflu∣ous humors, vvhich by consequēce of time are chaūged into some venoumouse humiditye, & matter, through the vvhich vve are sōtimes cō∣strayned, to make some great apertione, vvhich require a long continuance of time to the mū∣difyinge therof, & vvholy to be cured, yea & sō∣times also aulter & chaūg into fistles, becaus of the tendernes & softenes of the part, vvhich cā not be shut, nether through ligamentes resera∣ted, or cōpressede, as an arme or legg. Hippocrates hath observed, & noted that betvvixte feeble,* 1.10 & diseased fleshe ther alvvayes descēdeth & sīcketh a vvaterishe humudity, vvhich easily can cor∣rupt. The small, thinne,* 1.11 & Hern fashoned hip∣pes & legges, vvherof vve commonlye say they goe one VVayghtes, & are vnder, and above all most of aequall crassititude and thicknes, cōtra∣ry to those vvhich vve saye, to be hipped, & leg∣ged, or have a payere of goode, & stedfast stiltes vnder thē, vvhich are vvel proportioned, vvher of daylye experience teacheth vs, & that to our greate greefe, and sorrovve, that such persons, ether being vvoūded in hippes, in the legges or in the feete, are subiecte vnto many, and divers accidentes, & the vvoundes alsoe difficult to be cured & mūdifyed,* 1.12 in the vvhich oftētimes abo¦ve the ordinary fluxiōs therin engēdreth prou∣de fleshe: & novve being as it vveare almost re∣adye to be Cicatrizede, can very difficultely be brought thervnto, & being cicatrized, through anye small occasion bursteth open agayn. And if so be the bones be offended, or brokē, as then the Ioyncte most commonlye consumeth, and vvithereth & the health very retardately can be agayne restored.

Novv all this vvhich hath binn sayed,* 1.13 is suffi∣cientlye knovvne, vvith all the diseases of all o∣ther partes. But vve must generallye note, that the most assuredst signe, of the imbicilitye of a∣nye parte, chaunceth through, the vntemperat∣nes, and badde formatiō of the same: for if so be that the Temperamente, had binne goode, and by consequence, the formative virtue had binn stronge, she should as then exactlye have for∣med that parte: for by the operation is the ope∣rator therof knovvne. VVherfofe Aristotle is of opinion, that the incomplete creation, hath her deformity, through the vvante of the frigide, & could nature, and the imbicillity of the Sperma:* 1.14 for even as vve see, that the Mechanicall opera∣tours, or handyecraftes men, can not make any peece of vvorke so perfect, & so neate, of a badd peece of stuffe as, they might vvell & easily doe, of a good, and apt and tractable peece of stuffe, vvhich is not spoyled, nor corrupted.

All vvhich is before approvede by the thirde rule, sect. 1. of the sixte Epidemiorū Hippocratis, & founded, on an excellēt Axioma in the commē∣taries of Galē, vvhere be sayeth, Imbicilla membra multum pravumque excrementum colligere consueve∣runt.

Such a congregatiō, & excrescence of venoū∣ous excrementes vvhich chaunce to congrega∣te themselves together in such deformed partes doe drounde, choacke,* 1.15 & oftentimes corrupte the naturalle caloure, first of all of the diseased parte, and then of the vvhole bodye, after the vvhich must necessarilye follovve death, vvith∣out the Chyrurgiane being able to remedy the

same or vvith any aequitye might therof be bla∣med although notvvithstanding oftētimes the Princes & great Lordes, vvhich of these matters have smalle knovvledge, vvithout occasiō doe blame, & reproache theire Chyrurgians: yea & some times also accuse them, & require of the magistrate to have punished, & themselves also vndeservedlye punishe theire Chyrurgians.* 1.16

Touching the accidētalle imbicillity, vvhich hath binne from the beginning of the first cre∣ation, it is certayn, that as vve have sayed of the momorsions, or Bittes, even so in like sorte vve may saye of the diseases, that the first are verye nocent, vnto the last: For Quae non possunt singula, multa nocent: & a little therafter, Gutta cavat lapi∣dem, non vi, sed saepe cadendo. VVe doe not throu∣ghe sicknes a mende, & the pitcher goeth so of∣ten to the vvell, till that in the end he returne broken home agayne. For all diseases are of so venoumous a nature that although they are cle¦ane cured, yet they relinquishe some badde re∣liques in the parte, vvherthrough they may the easyer returne agayne, vvherfore of our Divine Hippocrates it is called Philostrophes,* 1.17 vvhich signi∣fyeth, noe return agayn or at the least, such par∣tes are as then most subiected to receave some nue disease: also the sayed Hippocrates sayeth far∣ther, in his Booke of internall diseases, that all aegritudes, vvhich follovv any other disease, are allvvayes most cōmonlye mortall: because shee findeth the naturall forces debilitated: vvhich vve allsoe must vnderstande of the vvoundes, vvhich are receaved in anye partes of the body, vvhich before have once binn vvounded.* 1.18 The∣se dispositiones are of oure Physiciones called Diatheses and are esteemed to have great forces, for the generatione of diseases or for an incura∣ble confirmation of the same: In like sorte allso relinquesheth an Empirema after her, vvher by that Personne is made more subicte to receave more agues, & that in such a sorte as a hott ovē, vvhich hath once binne heated, is more apte a∣gayn to receave the heat: as in exāple, ther be a∣ny on vvhich hath once binn vvounded, agayn being vvounded, & especiallye in the same pla∣ce, vvher before he vvas vvoūded it is impossi∣ble that the sayed parte shoulde have, the same force, virtue, or vigour, to repugme and to resi∣ste for the curatiō vvhich before shee hath had∣de, before ever shee vvas vvounded: and that in such sorte as in a Corselet or harnas, vvherone hath binne a shott, and having gotten a crushe, or bendinge in, allthoughe the same be beaten, and malleated smothe agayne, yet it vvill never be beatē so smoothe, nether so playne & strong as it vvas before it hadde the shott. Nether can can I heer praetermit, to recite those vvhich ha∣ve itenerated, and travelled throughe the Suda∣torye regione, and passede, throughe the drive¦ling, or sputaminouse climate, & beinge agayn ready to travell the same vvay, being grevous∣lye vvounded, vvher there is one vvhich is safe∣lye returned from the iournye vvith good for∣tune, there are three, yea & foure vvhich by the vvay doe faynte and so dye: vvherfor as thē vve admire, vvhy they are not cured, or vvhye their resanation is so tardife, not considering that the vvounded vvas halfe before corrupted,* 1.19 & that his humors have vvholy binne aultered throu∣ghe the venoumousnes of the foresayed disea∣se: or havinge binne cured therof, have as yet retayned any aulteratione in the Liver, or in a∣nye other internalle partes, vvhich gathereth continuallye many venoumous excrementes, vvhich the foresayed parte vvithout anye ces∣sation, dischargeth into the vvounded parte.

And soe most commonlye the occasione of death commeth throughe the inordinate state of life, in eatinge,* 1.20 and drinckinge vvithout ob∣servinge anye rule of victitation, hauntinge al∣so of vvoemen, and not suffering themselves to be handled, of the handes of the Chyrurgian, as the cause requireth, it be ether in tenting of the vvounde, by inscisione, by cauterisatian, & by keepinge himselfe quiet vvhich all aunciente Chyrurgians so highly and exactlye commaū∣de,* 1.21 to the furtherāce of the curatiō of the vvoū∣de, follovvinge the sayinges of Celsus, that Opti∣mum Medicamentum, quies, & abstinentia, is: Soe that I am intended, as of a thinge that is of all men knovvne, not much in this place to speake therof althoughe notvvithstanding, it is often∣times the occasione of death, hovv lightly soe∣ver they be vvounded: yea allsoe and of greate vvoundes, being cleane out of daunger throu∣ghe theire inordinate manner of lyfe, especial∣lye in eatinge, and drinckinge, doe agayne fall therin, and come to a farre more vvorse estate then ever before they vveare, yea and someti∣mes allsoe dye therof: for it is most certayne that.

More ther are which of Gluttonye dye heere, Then of blowes, or shottes to death come neere.

So that vve vvill novve, handle, or treacte,* 1.22 of the times of the yeare. There is nothīg more manifest, then that many vvounded personnes might of theire vvoundes be cured, if soe be the time of the year, vveare such, as it vveare requi∣site it should, that is, if soe be the foure seasons of the yeare, reserved their naturall temperatu∣re & quallity: It is also apparent that the intem∣perature of the ayr, the disordre of the time, the astrolicalle venoume, & other funestall influ∣ences, doe make the vvoundes incurable, or els verye difficulte to be cured, and chaungeth the habitude, and complexione of men, throu∣ghe the chaunginge of the time, & through the Astronomicall constellation, vvhich over vs is

praedominating. As if so be the vvinter, vvhich ought indeede to be coulde,* 1.23 vveare vvarme, & the summer vvhich ought to be vvarm, is coul∣de: Also vvhen it is novv hott, thē could, novv drye, thē moyste, vvithout the time of the yeare requiringe the same to be othervvyse then he ought to be: vvhoe cā doubte therof but the sa∣me must be preiudiciall, to the vvoūded patiēt? because our bodyes, heere bye receave mervay∣louse, & suddayne alterations & chaunginges, vvherthrough out vitall spirites, & humors, are vvondrouslye, & vvith great daunger aultered, observinge the sayinge of Hippocrates, vvhich a∣voucheth that all repentine & subite permuta∣tiō, hovv soever the same may be are vnto our bodyes very preiudicialle.* 1.24 The divrnalle expe∣rience demōstrateth the same vnto vs, for if so be in the vvinter, in stede of a drye coulde vvin∣de, there respire a southvvest vvind, vvith vvar∣mishe shovvres of rayne, ther then cōmonlye follovve greate corruptiones in our humors, vvherthroughe the vvoundes doe putrifye, and gangraenize. The infected ayre, may also be an occasion, of the death of manye vvounded per∣sons, hovv little soever they sōtimes are vvoun∣ded: because vvithout ayre vve can not Live, vvhich allvvayes such as it is vve must receave,* 1.25 & that not ōly through the mouth, & through all the conductes of our bodye, & poro••tyes of our skinne, & through our Arteryes, vvhich a∣re situated vnder the porosityes of our skinne, frō vvhence the foresayed ayre doth dravve to∣vvardes our Lunges, sōvvhat to cool the harte, & refreshe it & be as it vveare a nouriture vnto the same, frō vvhence the sayed ayer is farther spreade & devided throughe our vvhole bodye, vvherby it thē chaunceth, that if so be the same be corrupted, & infected, consequently also the foresayed Harte, vvith some other of the noble & vvorthiest partes are polluted, in steade of be¦inge praeserved, & mayntayned, in theire forme & virtue.* 1.26 Galen in the ninth of his Methodes, at∣tributeth so much to the ayr, that he sayeth that the especiallist, & principalist demonstratiō to cure anye dissease, must be observed out of the ayre: because vve cā in noe sorte, be vvanting or missinge the communitye, and vse therof.

Besydes al these occasiones, there are yet cer∣tayne times of the yeare, vvhich are irreprehē∣dable, & yet cleane contrarye to certayn dissea∣ses: for vvhoe is he that doubteth that the starre Canicula doth not disturbe the vvynes,* 1.27 & cause∣the the same to boyle, vvhere he lyeth in the fellers? as by experiēce vve finde & in Plinio vve may reade, that the same also causeth our blood to boyle vvithin our vaynes,* 1.28 that sōtimes there follovveth such a superfluous sangvinatiō, that by noe meanes it can be restaygned, by the vvhich meanes the same also flovveth tovvard the vvounded parte, vvhich before vvas tormē∣ted vvith sufficient payne enoughe. In like sor∣te also vve perceave the Autumne,* 1.29 or Hurvest to be an enimye to all vvoundes of the Lunges, as is apparēt by the 10. rule, the 3. of the Apho∣rismes, becavse they oftentimes chaunge into fistles or into pectorall Apostemationes. The penetrable coulde is allsoe a sore enimye to all vvoūdes in the Heade, Aphor. 3. lib. 5. Farther∣more Hippocrates dissuadeth vs, Lib. de aere,* 1.30 aquis & locis to administer any physicke vnto the pa∣tientes in the greate constellation of the starres vnder the Solsticium, nor vnder the Aequinocti∣alles, because of the greate perturbations, & al∣terations, vvhich as then are in our bodyes, by the vvhich meanes the vvoundes as thē are far∣re more molestious & mortalle: vvhich must al so be vnderstode of the greate vvyndes & thun∣deringes, the effectes vvherof are so admirable, & tirrible, in inanimate thinges, vvherbye vve may the lesse admire at the greate alterationes, vvhich they doe cause in the vvoundes, & disse∣ases of mens bodyes, vvhich bodye is the most sensiblest, and the most dilicatest, amongst all the animate bodyes.

Besydes this vve have spoken of the times & saysons of the yeare,* 1.31 vve may also adde heerūto that the Carpenters, & the Architectors, doe al∣soe observe a choyse of the fellede, & cut dovv∣ne vvoode, vvhich at this time, or at that sayso∣ne of the moone hath binne felled: esteeminge the vvoode, to be more moyste, & replete vvith vvormes, & more subiecte to corruptiō, vvhich is felled in the ful Moone, & that more durable yea & all most incorruptible,* 1.32 vvhich is felled in the decreace of the Moone, as in Palladio vve may reade, in his Treatise of Ianuary, & Novē∣bre, Caesar also sayeth the same, in his commen∣taryes, on Arat: that the Moone hath not onlye povver over that vvhich hath receaved sēsibili∣tye, but that alsoe the stones, the bones, and the VVoode doe perceave the effectes of the Moo∣ne, vvhich being of the Moōinfected, vvexeth full of vvormes: vvherfor the common phraise of the Lavvyers, or Iuristes is as yet observed, de Lignis sua Luna caesis:: vvhich being soe vvherfo∣re shoulde not vve also esteeme a vvounde, to be more moyste in a fulle Moone, & more sub∣iected to putrefactione, then in the decreace of the Moone, seinge that man is tender of fleshe & farre more subiected vnder the domination, & subiectione of the Moone, & the influences therof, then those thinges,* 1.33 vvhich are inanima∣te & have nether life, nor sensation: Above all these praecedente, reasons, and experiences it is manifest, & a commō axiome, that all terrestri∣alle corps, are ruled, & governed by the caelesti∣all, or supernall influences.

Through all vvhich foresayed occasions, the humors oftentimes being so corrupted, & pol∣luted, after death ther are certayn apostematiōs

foure in divers places of the body, yea & somti∣mes allso, in some of the vvorthyest partes of the body, as in the Liver, in the Braynes, in the Milte, in the Lunges, or in any ioynctes, accor∣dinge vnto the imbicillitye of any of the partes of the body, vvhich have binne debile, & apt to receave such impurity of the bodye, vvhich be∣inge thervvith, out of all measure charged, ex∣pellethe frō him the forsayed impure humors, in anye of the sayed feeble partes, vvhich ther∣after is chaūged into purulēt matter, the vvhich there possessinge more place, & makinge more concavitye, thē is requisite, doe expell frō them certayne faetide & venoumous vapours, & par∣ticipate the same vnto all the other vvorthiest partes, out of the vvhich insueth, Inquietude, Agues, Convulsiōs, or Spasmus, Phrenesye & in the end necessarily must follovve death perce∣aving the vvoūdes to vvaxe blacke & dry, vvith∣out being able to iudge therof, or to knovve the occasiō, vvherof this might proceed, notvvith∣stāding hovv erudite,* 1.34 & experte soever the Chy¦rurgiā be, nether being possible for him hovve small soever the vvounde be to save the Patiēt, havīg noe signe vvherbye he may knovv, vvhe∣ther that venoumouse matter, hath implanted it selfe in any of the sayed vvorthyest partes, or not. Nether.

Can the physicione cure all those, Which are incurable, and without repose.

* 1.35Let vs therfore novv consider, & serche out the pecvliare, cōstitutiōs of the vvounded: so∣me ther are vvhich have little blood, tovvardes the resanatiō of their vvoundes: others have to much vvhich notvvithstāding, is nether to the curation goode enoughe, nor pure enoughe.

Hippocrates speakinge of those vvhich have to little bloode, in the 24. rule of the fourthe secti∣on, in the sixt Epid: sayeth that those vvhich ha∣ve theire entralls hott, & as it vveare burninge, theire fleshe could & have binn badlye nouris∣hed,* 1.36 vvhich commonly vve call vnhealthsame poeple, vvho having receaved in theire bodyes some great vvoūd, are most cōmonly alvvayes very difficulte to be cured, for vvant of materi∣alles: vvhich also vve may see to be in aged per∣sons, vvhē as they are any vvhear vvounded, or by chaunce breake their legges. VVe have also an excellent rule in Hippocrate vvhich is, the 6. Aphorisme, of the sixte sectione vvhere he say∣eth Hydropicorum,* 1.37 & lentiginorum on other pla∣ces he addethe therūto Vlcera non facile sanantur: of those vvhich are troubled vvith the Dropsy, because theire bloode is to cleere, & vvaterishe: of the lentiginouse, because theire bloode is to sharpe, or tarte, & for that occasione can make noe goode combinatione, or healinge: & vvhe∣reby this might be occasion, to vvit, vvhether it be through nature, or by the inordinate māner of life, of eating, or drincking, it becaused, as by the drincking of stronge vvynes, or by eatinge of garlick, of Onions, of Porrhy, of pouldred, or saulted meate, or of spices, as the suldiours vve∣are vvonte to doe, that is little belōging to our purpose. Nether can I heer praetermit to spe∣ke,* 1.38 of the perturbāce of the minde vvherthrou∣ghe most commonlye the Martialistes are very much afflicted, vvhich through the generosity of their courage, if so be that in any assault, bat∣tayle or skirmishe, they have not valiāte enou∣ghe born thēselves, or at the least not to the cō∣tentatiō of their Capitayne, & have not as Cae∣saristes behaved thēselves, & fought & are ther∣fore blamed, of those vvhich are their, enviours & such as hate thē, vvherī they doe so vehemē∣tlye vexe, & greeve themselves, that it ircketh thē, & doe so melancholize themselves therin, that they doe vvholy neglect thēselves, desiring & vociferatinge for death rather thē to live soe miserablelye in dishonoure. VVherfore also it may happen in the same, (beinge greevouslye vvoūded) that vvhich happened to the Lord of Aussun, vvhich vvas one of the most valiant, & most magnanimouse, gentlemen of all Fraūce, of vvhome it vvas cōmonly for a proverbe say∣ed,* 1.39 the hardines, and valoure d'Aussun, causeth vs to adhibite credite thervnto, vvho, throughe I knovve not vvhat mischaunce, & suddayn a∣stonishmēt in the first charge of the battayle at dreux, ther arrived & as it vvear overvvhelmed him such a disgrace, for the vvhich he so gree∣ved him selfe, and sorrovved that vvithin fevv dayes therafter vvith sorrovve he died: havinge solemlye svvorne, that he vvould never anye more eate, or drincke, vvith vvhich resolution hedyed. Contrarily the souldiors sōtimes, doe so valiauntly cōbate, by the vvhich they vvexe so couragious, & doe so ioy thēselves therin, & therby doe so exalt thēselves, that their harte of tētimes is inflamed, & puffed vp vvith pride of their victory, & honoure vvhich they reape, & enioy. VVhich causeth great alteratiō, & chaū∣ge as vvel in the body of the one as of the other.

And to speake truth,* 1.40 such motiōs & turbatiō of the minde, are of great forces, in the body of man, they cause therin ether great aegritudes & disseases, or els death: for if to be the motions, and perturbations of the minde, have pover to increace the naturall caloure, or to diminis he the same, of causing the same to dravve in vvar∣des, or to expell the same outvvardes & to spre∣ade it selfe by the vvhole bodye: & such motiōs of the naturall calour, vvhich doe reduce vvith thē the vitall spirites, & the blood, is an occasiō of all disseases, & of health: ther must then cer∣taynlye subseqvute, that the sayed motions, and perturbationes of the soule, and minde, have all povver in their handes of our healthe.

So that it is even as Aristotle, Lib. de motu ani∣malis

Chap. 5. sayeth, that the motions, and tur∣bations of the minde, doe cause such a remotiō and alteration of the naturall caloure: as Hip∣pocrates also testifieth the same vnto vs sect. 5. of the 6. Epidemiorum, & Galenus Cap. 5. secundae de Symptomatum causis and Chap. 5. of the seconde of Methodes;* 1.41 vvhere he demōstrateth, that ther are manye vvhich throughe motione, and per∣turbatione of the mindes have died: VVherfo∣re Galen also, on the 14. rule, of the 4. section, of the sixt Epidemiorum, those vvhich internallye, have a sharpe corrodent caloure, (vvherfore by by soe much the more vve must prohibite the vvounded) to abstayn from ire, and choler, and from all turbations of the minde, vvherbye the humors might be moved. The sayed Galen in his booke de sanitate tuenda demonstrateth, that all turbations of the soule & all motions of the minde, do ingendre greate quantitye of Cholera vvherby are caused great inflāmatiōs & fluxions in the vvounded parte and per conseqvence a Gangraena, and somtimes in the end a suddayne death.

Amongst all other turbations of the spirites, Ioy is that vvhich ought to cause the least acci∣dentes vnto our bodyes, notvvithstanding vvas the same so immoderate, and violent in Chilo∣nio lacedemonico,* 1.42 & in Diagero Rhodiano, both the vvhich soe ioyed themselves, perceavinge their children victoriouslye to returne over theire e∣nimies, that of ioy they both immediatlye, and suddaynlye died: for through such immodera∣te ioy, the bloode and the vitall spirites of the Harte, are vvith such vehemēcy reverted from the Harte, and diffused and disperced, throughe the vniversall bodye that the Harte, is vvholye destitute of his naturall caloure, & the persone must necessarilye fall into syncopizatione, or fayntnes, out of vvhich commonly follovveth death:* 1.43 But if the ioy be moderate, it fortifyeth, and strengtheneth the animale, & the naturalle virtues, stirreth vp the vitall spirites, & sugge∣rateth the digestione, and is consequently com∣modious for all the constitutione of mans bo∣dye, vvherthrough the Ioynctes, are throughe∣ly soacked, & moystened, because of the humi∣ditye vvhich is disperced throughe the vvhole massa of the bloode, soe that by this meanes, the vvoundes are better mundified, and incarnated and those partes doe increace, and pingvifye.

* 1.44In like sort alsoe doth Cholera, or anger, and yet also more, then the immoderate ioy: becau∣se heerby, besydes all this that in the spirites & humors of the bodye is caused greate corrvpti∣one and they throughe theire greate heat, & ca∣loure chaunce to inflame, and by this meanes consequently, the vvhole habitvde of the body is replete vvith putride agues, hovv little sicke soever the persone be, vvhich foresayed agues, if they chaunce to afflict the patient vnto death as it oftentimes happeneth, vve most commō∣lye then attribute the same vnto his vvound,* 1.45 as if of the Chyrurgiane he had not binne vvell handled, and not to the ague. Is it not evidente enoughe vnto vs, vvhat accidentes are caused throughe sorrovv, and greefe, hovv healthfull, & sovnd soever the personne be vvhich is ther∣vvith intrapped? for she soe reserateth, and as it vveare strictly occludeth the Harte, that by noe meanes there can engendre anye vitall spirites, and hovv fevv soever ther are, yet they may not be dispercede vvith the bloode throughe the vvhole body, because the same is grosse, and te∣nebrous, by the vvhich the vitall virtues, and al theire accōplices, are debilitated: so that in the end a man is in his minde vexed, & hebede,* 1.46 the Harte omitteth all ioy, & pleasure, he odiously hateth himselfe, fallinge into desperatione, and raginge, havinge lost his livelye coloure in his face, consuming the body, vvherby oftentimes must follovv death.

It vvill not also be alienate vnto our purpo∣se, to the a poroving of my sayinges, that I heere recite that vvhich the father of eloquence hath vvrittē ad Atticum, the vvordes vvherof are the∣se: It vveare an excellent matter my good frend Atticus, that man could live, vvithout meate, or drincke: but yet a farre more excellellēter mat∣ter if so be vvithout anye envie, and hate vve coulde Live: because those viandes vvhich vve eate, doe corrupt nothīg els thē our humours, but the trayterous envie, and sorrovv, doe consume vs evē vnto the bones: Envye, & ma∣lice consume the bones, & corrode the entralls, as vve playnlye may behoulde: for man sicke∣neth, through some certayne envye, & malice, of the vvhich he by continuance of time dieth. Doest thou not knovv by experience, that tvvo torturors, vvhich vvill deprive a mā of life, that the torturer of greefe, and sorrovve is the most cruellest, yea then of the Gluttonye?* 1.47

Nether may vve heere omitt to recense, and speake of the obstupescēce, & feare, vvhervvith the covvardes, & faynte harted are oftentimes touched, and taken: This stupor causeth in vs, the same accidētes vvhich the sorrovve causeth but somvvhat greater for the time: for this fore sayed stupefactione, and feare, expulseth from him, & retracteth tovvarde the harte (but vvith more festination, & more raptnes, then the sor∣rovv) the bloode & the vitall spirites, vvherfor vve may perceave, that the face in the time of stupefactione, & feare, vvaxeth pale, and the ex∣ternall partes coulde, vvith tremblinge of the vvhole body: the Belly relaxateth, & the speech fayleth, vvith a greate reverberation of the har∣te, because that throughe the greate quantity of bloode, & of the spirites, vvhich suddaynly doe retire thethervvardes, being allmost suffocated can verye difficultlye move it selfe, but greatly

desireth to be refreshed, and discharged of such a sarcinatione, so that oftentimes ther follo∣vveth death, because the bloode being dravvne tovvardes the Harte, suffocateth it selfe there, & by that meanes the naturall calor and the vitall spirites beīg extingvished,* 1.48 vvithout the vvhich the life of man can not be preserved.

If so be that anye bodye beinge vvounded, through perturbatiōs of the mind doe chaūce to dye, the vulgare & commō poeple, vvill not attribute the occasiō of death vnto chose prae∣cedent, or praenominated occasions, but farre more to the negligence, and ignorance, of the Chyrurgian, vvhich hath not intreacted him, as it vveare convenient he had done,* 1.49 although that those vvhich have a more sovvnder iudge∣ment of such occasions, vvill iudge clane con∣trarye thervnto, and others. The like also may be sayed of those, vvhich vvill not allovv of the vvill, and intente of the Chyrurgian, nether of anye other remedyes vvhich vveare commodi∣ous, and proffitable for his health, beinge ether to timorous, or delicate, to suffer any apertion, vvhich for his disease had binne necessarye, to administre issue, & passage to some corrodent matter, or parcells of bones, that lye there prae∣pared & readye to be taken out, vvhich by thei∣re remansione in that place, doe also corrupte the finitimate partes, doe alter & permutate the remanent part of bone, and corrupt the Mar∣rovve, vvherby the health, can not suddaynlye follovve, as the Chyrurgiane is exoptatinge, & vvishinge for the same, yea also & by this mea∣nes oftentimes remayne incurable, by vvhich occasione the Chyrurgiane,* 1.50 vvith his Patient must hope for that vvhich his Patient vvill not suffer, and yet notvvithstandinge is required of his disease. And to this end Du Bellay, reciteth in his memoryes, that the Duke d'Aumall, son∣ne to the Duke a Gvyse, being mortally vvoū∣ded, vvith a splīter of a laūce, vvhich pearced his Eye, sayed to the Chyrurgians, intreate, or han∣dle not my sonne as a Prince, or mightye Lord, but as a Pioner, or servant: vvhich vvas alsoe an occasione of his resanation, because he suffe∣red,* 1.51 that the tronchone of the Launce, vvhich stucke clean through his heade, to be vvith for∣ce, and violence dravvne therout.

And if therfore vve desire to enter into the contēplatiō of the diversityes of instrumemē∣tes vvhervvith the vvoūdes are made, vve shall then finde sufficient occasion, to establishe the vnexspected death considering onlye the mat∣ter vvherof the vvoundes are receaved, as vvell of the small, as greate vvoundes. Those vvhich have vvritten of Agriculture,* 1.52 or tillage, & Gar∣dening, as Cato Plinius, & Columella say, that the∣ris greate difference, vvhether a tree be vvith an Iron knife engraffed, or vvith a knife of Bone. And vve make little or noe differēce, vvhether our bodyes are vvounded vvith Leade, Iron or Brasse, seing that brasse being mixed vvithe the matter of our vvoundes resolveth it selfe into viriditye, vvhich corrodeth the fleshe, and cau∣seth somtimes such an inflammatiō, that death therafter follovveth. Nether is it sufficiēt, that in shorte time, vve have accommodated this mettle vnto our ruine, but novv by little and little vve make it four cornerde, vvhich is farre more daungerouse, thē if it vveare rounde, be∣cause throughe the quadrangulatenes therof, it rescindeth, cutteth & breaketh in peeces al that vvherō it glaunceth, vvithout any smalle hope of resanatione: as also somtimes the bullets are fastened together vvith coppervvyer by vvhich meanes they cutt a sundre all fleshe, vaynes, ar∣teryes and Synnues, vvhich are in that parte.

And becaus that those men, vvhich cōmon∣lye vve must give account of our cures,* 1.53 ar farre more stirred vp through exāples thē vvith any reason, vvhat example is it of the daughter of Nerio vvhich is discribed in the fifte booke of E∣pidem: Hippocratis, vvhich being but of the age of 20. yeares, and beinge smitten iestingly, of one of her playfellovves, and frendes, vvith the pal∣me of the hand, on her forehead,* 1.54 is therof gro∣vven mute, asthmaticke, or shorte of respiratiō and fallen into a convulsione, and tremblinge, and so the ninthe day therafter died. True vvill the backbiter or sclaunderer say that chaunced throughe the commotiō of the braynes: vvhat ansvver? of such a little blovv, vvhich vvith the palme of the hand vvas done, and of a mayden, frende and playfellovve, iestinglye strikinge a mayde of tvventye yeares? VVhye shoulde not then the same commotione of a varice, or bur∣sted vayne, not onlye in the Braynes, but in the Breste also, vvhich happeneth to a souldioure, vvho hath ridden the space of ten, or tvvelve hovvres longe on a harde trottinge Horse, and vvho before hath taken greate paynes, and tra∣vayle, & hath led an inordinate manner of vic∣titatione, the vaynes of the Lunges, & the Har∣te spanned, & extended, or svvollen, vvith vvy∣ne vvhich is as it vveare a corselet vnto them,* 1.55 vvhervvithe they adorne, & arme themselves, vvhen as they assault their enimies, and especi∣ally in Battayle, vvher they doe straygne them∣selves vvith lovvde clamors and scritchinges, & vvith fightinge, and furiouslye assaultinge, not dallyinge, or playinge vvith their enimyes, but bouldlye incountring them vvith Launces, on theire bodyes, and thvvacking the on the other vvith courtelasses, and vvith Pistolls, and Mus∣kettes, shootinge each, at other, by that meanes to murdre on another, yea and they also vvhich are completelye harnassed, beinge lifted out of theire saddles lye one the earthe for the other Horses,* 1.56 to trample one vvhich not only one or tvvo dayes have binn in greate trouble but the

vvhole before vvinter have suffered in tollera∣ble coulde, and marched through, rayne, vvind hayle, and Snovve, or els have travayled the vvhole sommer, through extreame heat of the sunne, and have received all the iniuryes of ti∣me have bin hardlye lodged yea and sometimes vnder the resplendēt starres, living on his pray vvhich he hath gotten, somtimes halfe dressed, or ravve, hott or coulde not tarryinge the time, of the meales sometimes beinge replete vvith, filthye, stinckinge and corrupt viandes, and for his drinck harshe, noughty & tappīges of vvy∣ne, or els foule and impure puddle, yea & stinc∣kinge vvater, havinge consumed most of his ti∣me vvith nocturnall vigilations, laboure, feare, stupor, anger, & melancholye.

* 1.57Others dye because in time they are not dres∣sed and succoured, vvhich as yet not long a goe is happened, vnto our great sorrovv, & lamen∣tatione, to Capitayne Roux, vvho vvas shott in his cheeke, & rising, to avoyde a clistery, vvhich vvas administred vnto him, had such a fluxione of bloode out of his vvounde, during the space of eight hovvres, vvithout finding any Chyrur∣giane vvhich coulde restraygne the bloode, soe that in the end he vvas cōstrayned to yealde his spirite, my partakers, or compagnions, Ponget, le Gendre, and Hubert, and I, beinge charged to tarry vvith the King that night in the trenches: therfore the Chyrurgians ought noe more to be blamed, then vvhen the disease is so deeplye rooted, that ther is noe more remedye or cure for the same, for as vve say by the commō pro∣verbe, or oulde adagye.

To serotine doth Doctour then beginne, When the disease to deepe is rooted in.

* 1.58Ther are othervvyse many thinges vvanting by the vvoūded, vvhervvith vve might succou∣re thē, & solace thē as it is requisite vve should. VVe see oftentimes greate Lordes lodged in an aperte place vvher the vvyndes blovve on al sy∣des, beinge destitute of oulde linnen to dresse them vvith, & have very small store of victual∣les, and drinck, I heere omitt the poore souldi∣ours, vvho being vvounded must lodge on the earth.

* 1.59Therto may novve be ansvvered: I confesse that sometimes of the yeare are intemperate, & vnordinate, that the ayre also is infected, & cor∣rupted & that the vvounded also have vvant, & are destitute of manye thinges, & breefly to cō∣clude, that manye of the above rehearsed thin∣ges doe fayle: notvvithstandinge ther are many cured vvithout anye accidentes chauncinge to theire vvoundes, and for vvhose sake take little paynes, & have noe great expenses, althoughe they are verye sorelye vvounded & contrarily, other of little & shallovv vvoūdes doe dye.* 1.60 To this obiect I ansvvere, that all vvoundes vvhich seeme to be larg & ample, are not therfor mor∣tall or perillous, as are the great carnall or fles∣hye dissolutions or vvoundes, vvherin none of the vvorthiest partes are touched vvhich are ne¦cessarye to the life of man, vvherin are nether hurte great Vaynes, Arteryes or synnues, but vvhich are onlye greate, & cutt in the fleshe, as in the Buttocke, in the calfe of the Legges or in an Arme and yet notvvithstandinge be called a great vvounde, not being so daungerous, as the least punctiō of a synnue is, or the hurt of a gre∣ate Vayne or Arterye, or els a little fissure of the Cranium, or any small thrust in the Brest, or the inferior parte of the Bellye, percinge into the concavitye of the same.* 1.61 And if so be there vve∣are any vvhich of such vvoundes vveare cured, beinge great vvoundes, not consideringe the a∣pertione, but because of the vvoūded parte they ought to be vvell disposed, to buste & strong, to resiste such an evell, & impeach the accidentes vvhich happen thervnto, that they must also be rightlye disposed& tempered vvithout anye of the vvorthye partes, or those vvhich are neces∣sary vnto life being thervvithe polluted or cor∣rupted, and such may easilye be cured:* 1.62 Soe that those vvhich are not vvholye sovvnde of body havinge receaved such a vvounde, are in great daunger of death, as others considering the dif∣ference of the time and of the difference of the bodye, and body, and of partes therof: there are some, vvhich are of so good a temperature, that they vvith great facility are cured of such vvoū∣des, the vvhich in others bodyes vvear mortal: Contrarily ther are some persons, vvhich have receaved a vvound in some abiecte and not ne∣cessarye parte or Ioyncte, vvithout profoundly penetrating the same, vvherof notvvithstāding they died, ether through the constitutiō of the time or throughe the disposition of the bodye, the humours vvher of have their defluēces to∣vvards the vvounded parte or els through any other occasions, heere before alleged: but the vulgare poeple, can not compraehend all these circumstances, and considirations, as the Chy∣rurgians doe in such persons.

For to speake truth vve looke on the time,* 1.63 one the yeare, & daye, numbre of poeple, all vvhich have binne the one as sorelye hurte, or vvoundede as the other, yet for all that, those vvhich vve esteeme most daungerously vvoū∣dede, & vve iudge to be out of all hope, are sō∣times first of all cured: VVher of vve doe not so muche admire, after vve have after death a∣notomizede the deade corpes: for besydes ther vvounde vve finde, an other apparente occasi∣one of death.

As it is as yet in freshe memory happened to the Lorde of Bellay Barron of Tovarce,* 1.64 King at d'Ivetot, vvho having receaved a shott

before Rovē, or Roane in his left Arme, vvher of the focille of the Elbovve vvas broken & the vvounde beinge in good suppu••atiō, & yelding goode matter, and the fleshe verye rubicund, & grayned as vve vvoulde desire, & the Arme re∣mayninge in his naturall dispositione, as vvell above, as beneathe, vvithout anye payne, or in∣flammatione, verye fevv, or noe agues at all ad∣ioyninge thervnto, notvvithstanding al vvhich beinge brought to his house, tvventy dayes af∣ter his vvound receaved, is he fallen into a hot, venoumous, or furious ague, vvhich accompa∣gniede him vnto the thirtith day, in vvhich day he died, hovv greate paynes, and laboure soever the expertest Doctors of Physicke, & Chyrurgi∣ans and amongst other the right vvorshipfull M^r. Amboyse D^r. of Physicke, an ordinary Phy∣sicione to the Kinge, have therin taken, vvhose experience is sufficientlye knovvē, the foresay∣ed Arme vvith the vvoūd allvvayes remaynin∣ge is his former estate,* 1.65 & disposition. Novv the corps beinge Anotomized, vve perceaved his Lunges to be cleane corrupt, and replete vvith obdurate schirrouse vlcerations, his right Kid∣ney also vvholy polluted & much matter in his blather: vvhich vvas the occasione of his death, & not the vvounde it is a thinge therfore most certayne, that if so be his entralls had binn soū∣de vvithout doubte he might have binne cured of his vvounde, because the same nether of it selfe, nor of anye other accidentes vvas mor∣tall.

* 1.66The contrarye heerof chaunced, to the great contentation of all the Nobility, to my Lord of Gyuri vvho having receaved, a terrible shot, in his sinistre shoulder, the entrāce vvherof vvas right in the ioyncture, the bullet havinge tou∣ched a great parte of the apophysis of the bone of the Arme, pearcinge a longe the Omoplate, & remayning, in the inferiore angle of the fore∣sayed Omoplate, vvhich bullet vvas happely ex∣tracted & dravvne out by M^r. Lavenot, svvoren Chyrurgiane to the Kinge, vvhich verye excel∣lently hath dressed him the first time: notvvith∣standinge, he is of this greate vvound (I say gre∣ate vvounde consideringe that parte of the bo∣dye) vvholy cured, vvithout perceaving therin any bad accidents.

* 1.67The vvhich vve must attribute, partely to the good Temperature compositione, and nature, (vvhich must cure all diseases,) vvhen as shee is evel intreated of experte, and learnede Physici∣ons, and Chyrurgians, and therof ayded, as ve∣rye excellentlye hath done amongst others, the right vvorshipfull M^r. Portaile, Counceller, & chiefe Chyrurgian to the King, vvhich as novv is chiefe amōgst vs: & of M^r. Gillis des Rus, his Chyrurgiane, vvhich dressed him: and vve are heer farther to note, and observe, that ther may be an other vvhich being vvoūded in the same place of his body,& shalbe treacted of the sel∣fe same Chyrurgians, and shall yet for all that dye.

And for the confirmatione, of al that vvhich is before rehearced, I vvill conclude this my A∣pologie, throughe my Lordes heerevnder no∣minated, beginning vvith my Lorde de Hallot de Montmorency, vvho beinge on Horsbacke by the Citye of Rovan, receaved a shott of a ca∣non, of the vvhich his Horse died, & he beinge prostrated on the earthe, his Legge being in di∣ves peeces brokē right vnder the Ioyncte of the Knee, notvvithstandinge all vvhich, vvith his good dispositiō & nature hath cōbated agaynst all the malice of time, & magnitude of the vvo∣unde, beinge verye successivelye cured of the right vvorshipfull M^r. Martel, Chyrurgiane to the Kinge,* 1.68 vvho is verye experte in all the ope∣rations of Chyrurgerye. Contrarilye, my Lord the Baron of Salignac, beinge vvounded onlye vvith a simple shott of a handgunn, vvithout a∣nye fracture of bones, in the end dyed therof, al thoughe notvvithstandinge he vvas assisted by the right vvorshipfull M^r. Pouget, alsoe one of the Kinges Chyrurgians and chieffe in Mont∣pelliers havinge seene the houre, in the vvhich the Gangraena chaunced to his vvounde, manye fluxions oppressed him, by vvhich meanes he verye difficultlye coulde be cured: VVhich vve must only attribute ūto his tēperature, vvhich vvas not soe good as in deede it vveare to be ex¦optated it had.

The most happye cure vvhich M^r. des Hayes hath effected,* 1.69 one also of the Kinges Chyrurgi∣ans, vvhich is a verye vvyse man in the arte of Chyrurgerye on my Lorde de Vic, gouvernou∣re for the Kinge in S^t. Denis, vvho vvith divers vvoundes vvas vvounded, & especiallye in his heade by the crovvne of the heade, and one the sagittalle suture vvhich vvas rescided cleane o∣verthvvarte, & is therof very ominously cured vvherby is demōstrated vnto vs, vvhat the goo∣de dispositione of the body can doe, vvhich cō∣bated agaynst the iniuryes, and malice of time, and many other more, inquietudes, vveare cle∣ane contrarye vnto him: vvherin the foresayed M^r. des Hayes, hath vsed great consideration, to his perfecte resanatione.

The same allsoe happened, in my Lorde the Duke of espernō,* 1.70 vvho beinge vvounded vvith a greateshott, vvhich dilaniated a parte of his inferiour lippe, had deprived him of certayn of his teeth, and a part of his chavvbone, penetra∣tinge, & takinge his issue close by the vayne Iu∣gularis, vvas cured of Mons^t. le Gendre, & Sur∣lin, Chyrurgians to the foresayed Duke: out of the vvhich vve may playnly note, that not on∣lye the iunioritye, or youth and good tempera∣ture, are not onlye profitable vnto the resana∣tione of vvoundes, but alsoe the goode consti∣tutione

of the time: For a little before (vvhich vvas about the besieging of Chartres) thē died most of all the vvoūded,* 1.71 hovv sound notvvith∣standing soever they vveare, & hovv little soe∣ver they vveare vvounded: vvhich partlye vve must attribute to the badde constitution of the time, as in deede at that time it vvas a disordred vveather: because in a shorte time therafter, all the vvounded vveare of their vvoundes cured: & amongst others my Lorde the Earle of Flex,* 1.72 vvhoe in the end of the besieginge, receaved a short of a Canon in the inferiour parte of his Bellye, vvherof it vvas vvholye plettered e∣ven vnto the Peritoneum, the vvound being all∣most the length of a foote, in longitude, of hal∣fe a foot, in latitude, as M^r. Portayle & Samboy∣se can vvitnes, vvhich a longe time administred helpe vnto them.* 1.73 On the same time, my Lorde of Favolle vvas cured, of a shott, vvhich brake bothe the focilles of his Legg, a little above the anckle, vvhich allsoe vvas cured of the right vvorshipfulle M^r. Portaile, & d'Amboyse, & of the most ominouse, & dextrous hād of M^r. Bil∣larde, ordinarye Chyrurgiane to the King, and of M^r. Biron.

And for an inventiō, or practice, vvhich vve might say to be vvholy agaynst reason, amōgst manye others more vvhich chaunced at Char∣tres: ther vvas the Chamberlayne of my Lord the Earle of Chiverny,* 1.74 called the Pietmontois, vvho vvas vvoūded, on his heade vvith a raper, vvherby his Parietale vvas cleā rescided throu∣ghe, yea & clean through the Dura, & Pia mater also, pearcing the depth of ones finger into the substāce of the Braynes: vvherof in the second dressinge, cleane throughe the dissolutione of the Craniū, ther issued out as much of his Bray∣nes, as the quātity of the little finger in lōgitu∣de, & crassitude therof: notvvithstanding al this is he in the presence of the right vvorshipfull M^r. Le Febure, & Duret, svvorne Physicions to the Kinge, & other Doctours of this profession out of Paris, vvhich are verye experte in Chy∣rurgerye, vvhich vveare alsoe assistantes in this disease, & vvas of me completelye cured, vvith∣out havinge retayned any accidente, or impedi∣mente therof: Divers Chyrurgians of the citye of Chartres stoode heerby, & amongst the rest vvas M^r. Fransoys Cheaureau, & Michel Fauve∣au.

At the same time trepanede M Gabriell du Tertre,* 1.75 a verye experte Chyrurgiane in all his operationes, a certayne vvomane vvhich vvas threescore yeare of age, or more, vvhoe hadde a fracture in her occipitalle partes of the heade: he hadde besides her a little page, or lackye in handes, vvhoe hadde his Os Petrosum brokene & splitte, and some parte of the Parietale. In like sorte also trepaned M^r. Gillis Pillier, a most ex∣pert Chyrurgiane, a Tripeseller, called M^r. Lau∣rence, vvho had his membrane Dura matter cleft a sunder: all vvhich foresayed patientes have re∣ceaved theire complete resanatione: vve must heer also farther note, that vvithin the space of tvvo moneths therbefore all those vvhich vve∣are vvounded in the Heade died, notvvithstan∣dinge all the secourse vve coulde doe them yet for all that they dyed suddaynlye.

All vvhich beinge noted, vve must attribute the deaths of soe manye valiant Capitaynes,* 1.76 & vvorthy Lordes, and brave souldiours, on such occasions, and disorders, and not on the fault as if they vveare inconvenientlye treacted, & sol∣licited, vvhether ether it vveare throughe yon∣ge, or oulde Chyrurgians. Or els vve vvill con∣clude it rightlye, vvith the Aphorisme, & com∣mō proverbe, it is allvvayes good Lucke, as lō∣ge as a man falleth not and breaketh his Necke.

As Hesiodus sayed, sometimes is the day our mother, and sometims our stepmother.

End of the Apologye for the Chyrurgians.

Notes

• * 1.1

  Ther is but one experte Chyrur∣giancinal Fraunce-
• * 1.2

  Divers fictions, & Lyes.
• * 1.3

  Compa∣rasion.
• * 1.4

  A foolish persuasiō
• * 1.5

  Some vvoundes are estee∣med to be small, vvhich in¦deede are great and daunger∣ous.
• * 1.6

  They can not cure all men.
• * 1.7

  What is required to the re∣sanatione of vvoun∣des.
• * 1.8

  A Heade noughti∣ly formed
• * 1.9

  Abadde formed Backe, or Backebo∣ne.
• * 1.10

  A nota∣ble sen∣tence.
• * 1.11

  Hippes vvhich a∣re baddly formede
• * 1.12

  Legges vvhich a∣re of a difficulte resanatiō.
• * 1.13

  The most truest, & assuredst signe of the imbi∣cilitye of any part
• * 1.14

  Similitu∣de.
• * 1.15

  Suffoca∣tiō of the naturall calidity.
• * 1.16

  Acciden∣tal imbi∣cillity.
• * 1.17

  The one disease follovvin¦ge the o∣ther is ve∣ry trouble¦some.
• * 1.18

  An ague being cu∣red com∣monlye leaveth an Empire∣ma after her.
• * 1.19

  The vvoū¦ded vvhich have binn in the dri¦velinge climate can verye difficult∣ly be cu∣red.
• * 1.20

  Gluttony is the oc∣casion of much evel.
• * 1.21

  Ease is goode for al vvoun∣des.
• * 1.22

  Conside∣ration on the time of the yeare.
• * 1.23

  The irre∣gulatede season of the yeare aultereth our bo∣dyes.
• * 1.24

  All repen¦tine, & suddayne chaunge is daun∣gerouse.
• * 1.25

  We can not live vvithout ayre.
• * 1.26

  The ma∣lignante ayre pol∣luteth the harte.
• * 1.27

  Virtves of the doggeda∣yes.
• * 1.28

  Lib. 14. Chap. 18.
• * 1.29

  The Au∣tumne is enimye to all pul∣monicall vvoundes
• * 1.30

  VVe must not purge in the dogg dayes.
• * 1.31

  An excel∣lent obser¦vation.
• * 1.32

  The ina∣nimate thinges doe feele the effec∣tes of the Moone.
• * 1.33

  Man is subiecte vnto all inflven∣ces.
• * 1.34

  Corrodin¦ge matter causeth manye acciden∣tes.
• * 1.35

  Cōstitu∣tiō of the vvoūded.
• * 1.36

  Which a∣re vnhe∣alth same poeple.
• * 1.37

  A nota∣table sen∣tence.
• * 1.38

  Perturba∣tion of minde.
• * 1.39

  Hardines of Assun.
• * 1.40

  The per∣turba•• are of g••ate effect & forces in our bodyes.
• * 1.41

  Through pertuba∣tions of the min∣de, a man may dye.
• * 1.42

  Sudday∣ne death of Ioy.
• * 1.43

  Virtues of mode∣rate ioy.
• * 1.44

  Effects of Cholera.
• * 1.45

  Acciden∣tes of sor∣rovve.
• * 1.46

  The me∣lācholic∣ke doe hate thē∣selves.
• * 1.47

  Effectes of stupe∣factione.
• * 1.48

  Error of the vulga¦re, & cō∣mon poe∣ple.
• * 1.49

  Feare and nicenes doe im∣peach he∣alth.
• * 1.50

  The Hi∣storye of Duke d'Aumal∣le after∣vvardes Duke of Guyse.
• * 1.51

  Contem∣plation of instru∣mentes.
• * 1.52

  Wher∣vvith the vvounde is made must be cōsidered
• * 1.53

  A notable Historye of the daughter of Nerio.
• * 1.54

  Note the circūstan∣ces of the blovve & the death vvill see∣me more admira∣ble.
• * 1.55

  Wine is necessary for soul∣diors, and combata∣tes.
• * 1.56

  Discom∣modityes of vvarres
• * 1.57

  Manye ther are vvhich for vvant of succou¦re doe dye.
• * 1.58

  Manye thinges are often∣times vvātinge vnto the vvoūded.
• * 1.59

  Obiectiō.
• * 1.60

  Ansvver.
• * 1.61

  Daun∣gerouse vvoundes
• * 1.62

  Necessary thinges a good cu∣ratione.
• * 1.63

  The vul∣gare, and common poeple, cā not soe deeplye iudge & consider any thing as the Chyrur∣giane.
• * 1.64

  Historye of my lorde of of Bellay.
• * 1.65

  The occa¦sions of the death of the Kinge of d'Iveror.
• * 1.66

  An other Historye of my Lord of Gyuri.
• * 1.67

  Nature cureth all diseases.
• * 1.68

  A••o the History.
• * 1.69

  A nother History.
• * 1.70

  An other History.
• * 1.71

  The con∣stitutione of the ti∣me is cō∣modious to resa∣natione
• * 1.72

  An other History.
• * 1.73

  An other History.
• * 1.74

  An other History.
• * 1.75

  An other History.
• * 1.76

  Conclu∣sione of the Apo∣logye.