The Frenche chirurgerye, or all the manualle operations of chirurgerye , vvith divers, & sundrye figures, and amongst the rest, certayne nuefovvnde instrumentes, verye necessarye to all the operationes of chirurgerye. Through Iaques Guillemeau, of Orleans ordinarye chirurgiane to the Kinge, and sworen in the citye of Paris. And novv truelye translated out of Dutch into Englishe by A.M.

Howe we ought to drawe, thrust out, and cut, of the teeth. Chap. 7.

THere are divers disseases insci∣dente vnto the teeth, vvhich throughe the manuall opera∣tion of Chyrurgerye must be cured: as by cauterisinge, of the same, & by dissipation of the gūmes frō the toeth, by filinge, by cuttin∣ge of, by dravvinge by settinge, by cuttinge in therofe, & by allegation & bindinge together of the teeth. Those teeth vvhich are slimye, & therō, a blacke, yellovve or vvhyte tough mat∣ter, & sōtimes like vnslissed lime, or as it vvea∣re some putaminous substāce, chaunced to be therō obdurated, & hardened, vve must vvith a little scraper, or instrument, for that purpose make thē cleane & purifye thē, vvithout hur∣tinge of the gūmes, & looseninge of the same, because that such teeth vvhich are heervvith polluted, are not most cōmonlye very fast: the aged poeple, & the rheumaticke, they vvhich are trovbled in the lūges, or vvhich have anye dissease in the stomack, vvhich in times passed have binne infected vvithe the poxe, are com∣mōly subiect vnto disseases of ther teeth: vvhē as this increscēs is not as yet obdurate or hard vve may then vvith more facilitye remove the same, & in the first vve must vvashe the gūmes as vvell of the one as the other vvith a little al∣ume vvater vvherby the increasinge of this matter is sōvvhat praevented, & retarded, & it fasteneth allsoe the gummes vnto the teethe, vvhē as they hāge looselye therō. Some there are vvhich esteeme this a greate secrete vvhich heertofore I my selfe have vsed, to vvitt, that vve take a little Aquafortis, and a little sticke, as thicke as a quille, the one end therof beinge dipped in this vvater, vvith vvhich end of the foresayed sticke, vve must vvel rubb the tooth thervvith, dilligētly observīge, that noe drop∣pe therof chaūce to falle one the lippes or gū∣mes, & immediatly the tooth being heervvith rubbed, vve must as then vvith a linnē cloute vvipe the toothe, the linnē clothe beinge ma∣defied in could vvater therbye to dissipate frō the tooth the tartenes therof, vvhich the Aqua¦fortis hath left behinde it, causinge the patient immediatly to spitte, & therby the toothe vvil be exceedinge vvhite as snovve. If ther bee any tooth corrupted, foraminous, concavous & stinkinge, & that cavseth sometimes great doloure, & payne, yet notvvithstādinge vve al¦vvayes endevoure to praeserve him, ether be∣cause he is cōmodious for chavving, or servi∣ceable for the speech, or els is for a decorū or grace vnto the mouth: to the repellīg of vvhich payne, vve must vse a little oyle of Sage, of ro∣semary, of cloves, or any other oyle, of aroma∣ticalle spices. And if soe be thervvith the pay∣ne, & the corruptione be not seased, vve must as then vvith Aquafortis cauterise the teeth, or vvith oyle of vitroll vvherein vve must dippe and moystē a little cotten, vvhich neatlye vve must thrust into the cōcavity of the toothe: & if so be all these remedyes be not sufficiēt, ther is as thē noe surer, or better remedy, thē is the vse of the actuall Cauteriū, vvhich must be pro∣portioned verye little, & accordinge vnto the concavitye of the tooth.

Other Chyrurgians ther are vvhich hovvld in greate esteem the filīge of the teethe, vvher

they be corrupted, vvhich I alsoe esteeme to be commodious, vvhen as convenientlye it may be effected, & vvhen the tooth is corrup∣ted but on the one syde therof: for by this me∣anes vve shall intercept, & hinder the corrup¦tione of the next toothe ioyninge thervnto, that he be not thervvithe polluted above o∣ther commodityes, vvhich therthrough vve shal effect.

Ther grovveth oftentimes a tooth higher, then the other of the teeth, ether vpvvardes, outvvardes, or invvardes, the poyncte vvher∣of is soe accute, that in speakinge it ether hur∣teth the tunge or the lippes. Alsoe sometimes the teethe ar rugged & vnsmoth above, vvher¦fore they, one the toppes & summityes therof be filed, by this meanes to make them smoo∣the, as the other. And convenientlye to vse the file theron, & to cause that the toothe doe not chaunce to stirre in the filinge, vve must hould fast vvith our fingers the foresayed too the, layinge certayne peeces of linnen on the gummes, vnto the rootes of the toothe. VVe must file of all such teeth vvhich extrud them selves externally, vvill not be cōtayned in the semicircle of the other teeth, or they vvhich are brokē, & a little peece therof as yet remay∣ninge in the place, least they might chaunce to hurte the tung, or the mouthe. Conserninge the supernaturall teeth, because it vveare to great paynes & labour to file thē, it is alsoe so∣metimes daūgerous to dravve thē because cō∣mōlye they are grovven, & sticke verye fast in the cheekebone, vve cut thē of vvith our cut∣ting pellicane, or instrumēts vvhich onlye for that purpose are cōposed & made, & are befo∣re figured & set dovvne in ther formes: vve all soe breack thē sometimes i•• place of cuttinge of thē, vvith such instrumētes as heere before are praefigured vnto vs: but the best vvay is to cut thē of, if by any meanes possible vve cā ef∣fecte it. The payne of the teethe is at someti∣mes soe vehemēt & in tollerable, because that the tooth, is corrupted vnto his synnue, pear∣ced, & is hollovved, that the persone, is almost phrēsye, & cōsideringe that there is somtimes noe remedy to be hadde, for the quallifyinge of this payne, he is as then cōstrayned to cause the sayed tooth to be dravvne, vvhich as then is the certaynst vvay.

VVhē as therfore vve vvoulde dravve forth a tooth vve must cause the patiēt to sit in such a sorte as is most cōveniēt, & thē make choyse of the corrupted & rotten tooth, because vve doe not mistake the one for the other, vvhich vve must make loose frō the gumes, & fill vp the cōcavity or hollovvnes of the tooth vvith a little peece of leade, or vvith a little lint, or cottē sticke it full, because in the Pellicane he chaūce not to breake, through the harde shut¦tinge of the same: havinge houlde theron, vve must gētly & easyly crushe the tooth dravver together, least the tooth chaūce to breake, and thē dravvinge the foresayed tooth a little a sy∣de plucke him out, because that if to rigorou∣slye vve vvaggle the tooth vp or dovvne that parte of the cheeke bone vvherin the roote stoode soe fast, might easylye be brokē, vvhe∣refore he vvill not vvith to greate violence be dravvne out, as alsoe by to violent dravvinge, vve might disioyne, and plucke out of ioyncte the nethermost cheekebon, & cause great per¦turbation in the vppermost chavve evē to the eyes. The tooth beinge dravven, vve must vvith both our fingers shutt, & ioyn together agayn the gummes & cause the patiēt to vvas∣he his mouth vvith a little Oxycrate, vvherin vve must also put in a little sault. If soe be ther vveare any effluxiō of bloode, vve ought not to esteeme it to be a small matter because I ha∣ve knovvne some to bleed thēselves to death.

The assuredest remedye vvhich I ever have knovvne to be vsed, is this, that divers times, vve must thrust therin som cottē, vvhich hath binne madefyed in iuyce of lēmones, vvhich allvvayes vve must put in that place, out of the vvhich the tooth vvas dravven.

And touchinge the conveniēce of the liga∣tione, or tyinge of the teeth, to ioyn thē toge∣ther, & to inserte & set fast those teeth, vvhich are loose, & grovvē to be moveable & may be vvaggled vp & dovvne, & alsoe to inserte anye therin vvhich by arte ar made, all this may ve∣rye conveniētlye & fitlye one this manner be effected, vvith a fyne gouldē vvyer of fine ori∣entall goulde, vvhich vve may easylye bende & bovve, betvveen the foresayed teeth vvith∣out any violence. First dubble the vvyer, laying the same vvith his duplication, betvvee¦ne tvvo sovvnde teeth & then bringe both the endes, to that tooth vvhich is loose, vvhether it be one or more, vntill such time as vve shall have dravvne vnto the seconde sounde tooth one the other syde, then vve must reduce the vvyer vnto that tooth vvhence vve tooke our originalle, gentlye dravvinge the foresayed vvyer together, close to the roote of the tooth least that he goe loose: This beinge done vve must vvith a pare of sheares cutt of both the endes of the foresayed vvyer vvhich are to lō∣ge, & vvinde the rest therof rovvnd about the sovvnd tooth, as close to the roote that the fo∣resayed gouldē vvyer, may very difficultlye be espyed, nether in anye sorte may perturbe, or hinder the tunge. The teethe not onlye bein∣ge loose but alsoe vvholye fallen out, vve may for all that inserte them in there place, & tye them, vvith a gouldē vvyer, as is before rehe∣arsed, or els vve may set other teeth in ther pla¦ces, vvhich are by art made of Ivory, or of any other matters, as here before vve have set dovvne the figures and discriptions therof.

Notes

• Divers Chyrur∣gicall ope¦rations.
• Practise & inven∣tione of the au∣cthore.
• For rottē hollovve & stinc∣kinge teeth.
• Whye vve file the teeth.
• Teeth vvhich grovv forth vvith an acuitye.
• Teeth vvhich stand out of ther ordre, vvhich are brokē & vvher∣in as yet remay∣neth som little peece.
• Superna∣turall teeth.
• For great payne & doloure in the teethe.
• Hovv vve ought to dravve a tooth.
• The blee¦dinge of the gum∣mes vvhē as the tooth is dravvne out, is not to be litt∣le estee∣med of.
• After vvhat sor∣te vve ought to tye the teeth, shutt, & sett them fast vvhich a∣re loose, & alsoe inserte those vvhich throughe art are made.
• Looke a∣fore in the figure or formes