The questyonary of cyrurgyens with the formulary of lytell Guydo in cyrurgie, with the spectacles of cyrurgyens newly added, with the fourth boke of the Terapentyke [sic], or methode curatyfe of Claude Galyen prynce of physyciens, with a synguler treaty of the cure of vlceres, newely enprynted at London, by me Robert wyer, and be for to sell in Poules Churcheyarde, at the sygne of Judyth. Cum priuilegio ad imprimendum solum.

¶The maner to examyne lazares / & to approue lepry mesel••y / after the myndes of Doctours.

AS Galyen wytnesseth it is greate iniury be it done to man or woman to departe & put away theym that be nat infecte w^t lepry, nor touched with meselry, & nat beynge lazares. And also it is greate daūger to sup∣porte, haunte, or be with suche as are stryken or dyseased therwith / for it is a contagyous and daū¦gerous malady. And therfore they that ought to iudge and approue them shulde ryght dylygently beholde theym & considre the vnyuoke sygnes and equyuokes also. And nat for one onely token gyue theyr sentences / but by many conuenaunces / and specyally vnyuokes. ¶Fyrste than whan that the approuers come or cal them dyseased to theyr pre¦sence for to examyne them, they ought to conforte them with holsome wordes, and tel them that the sayd dysease is penaūce salutary for the saluacion of theyr soules, and byd them to take it pacyently. And that they feare nat to saye the trouth / for yf they were founde lazares it shuld be theyr purga∣tory in this worlde. For albeit that they were re∣fused of the worlde / yet they were and be chosen of God. &c. And than cause them to swere to say the trouth / and enquyre of them suche thynges as fo∣loweth. ¶Secondly the examyners ought to en∣quyre

of theym by the prymatyfe causes of lepry. And fyrste enquyre of them yf there were any of his lygnage that he knewe to be lazares / and spe∣cyally theyr faders or moders / for by any other of theyr kynred they ought nat to be lazares / but yf it were by some constellacion that influed equally vpon a kynred / and specyally on them that dwelt togyder, and haue one selfe maner of lyuynge / as we se oftentymes by the tyme of pestylence, yf any of a kynred be stryken or enfect / y^t also many other as bretherne, and cosyns, or other parentes soone after are stryken, & yet or they haue be borne. For as Auycen sayeth in his seconde treatyse the fyrste son of the fourth of his Canon in the fyrste chapy¦ter of rottennes. The fyrste cause of rottennes is meates / and the nourysshynge that is of euyl qua¦lytees. And for that cause yf a chylde be nourysshed of a woman corrupte and infecte in her humours ought also to be infect. And nat all onely yf the mo¦ther be a lepresse / but let vs beholde also y^t for the sayd cause by experyence that they beyng concey∣u••d in the tyme that y^e woman hath her floures / ••nd that she be nat clene that scantly the chylde ••••apeth lepry, or to be scalled, or tached with suche ••••fecte dyseases / or that he bere some tache vpon ••ym. Also yf the father were fecte and in the ma∣ter wherof he is composed. For as Galyen sayeth in the fyrste partycle of the efforysmes of Ypocras vpon this canon Et qui crescunt. ¶The thynges that are dyssolued of an other thynge necessaryly

extendeth of the nature of the thyng wherof they ar dissolued. Than ought ye to enquyre yf he hath had y^e company of any lepresse woman. And yf any lazare had medled with her afore hym and lately / bycause of the infect mater and contagyous fylth that she hadde receyued of hym. It is to be noted that a woman is nat so daūgerous to be a lepresse to habyte with a lazare, as it shulde be a man to habyte with a lazarous woman, or with one that hath habited newly w^t a lazare. For all infections remayne in the matryce of the woman, vnto the tyme that they be pourged by theyr floures & clen¦sed / whiche a man can nat do, bycause he hath no receptacle where to holde the sayd īmundycytees. ¶Than ye oughte to enquyre of hym yf he hath had the quartayne feuers / and howe longe syth? For howbeit (sayth Auycen in his fyrste fen of the fyrste boke of his Canon) the feuer quartayne de∣lyuereth a man of euyl melancolyke diseases / and wyte yf he hath nat had the emorroydes, and syth whan? Lyke reason / the emorroydes kepeth that he fall nat in to inconuenyence. ¶Than enquyre hym of his dreames / & yf his dremes be nat terry∣ble / and that he seeth blacke thynges, and deuyls / suche dreames betoken the melancolyke humour to haue domynyon wherby he is so enclyned. And wyt of hym how he is wont to lyue / as yf he hath vsed meates with stronge spyce and in great quan¦tyte, and strong wyues, or garlyke, lekes, onyons, and colewortes, olde chese, gotes flesshe, of beares,

of foxes, of mesyl swyne, or salt meates, and of vn∣clene fysshe all at one table, & yf he haue continued therwith. And also of all maner herbes, and such meates as brenne the blode, and holly consumeth it. Than aske yf he hath had great solycytudes, & chargeable thoughtes that hath dried hym made hym melancolyke. ¶Than ye oughte to beholde and consydre in your selfe of what complexyon he is, aswel naturall as accydentall, for suppose that lepry be a colde disease by incineraciō of humours, yet Auycen sayth, the moste aūcyent cause of lepry is the euyl complexyon of the lyuer that is so hote and drye that it brēneth the blode & melancolyeth it. ¶After y^t the pacient hath ben examyned vpon the fyrste causes that dyspose a persone to be a la∣zare / he oughte to be examyned and approued by the sygnes of lepry aswel equyuocalles as vnyuo∣calles / and are the sygnes that cōueneth onely in this dysease / and the equyuocal sygnes conueneth them in dyuers maladyes. ¶Of the vnyuocall sygnes. Fyrste than in procedynge as it is sayde to the knowlege of the vnyuocal sygnes, in folowing the doctryne of Ypocras in the fyrste boke of y^e pro¦••ostikes sayeng. Primo enim egri faciē {per}notabis. Fyrste y^u shalt note y^e sygnes apperynge in the face for they are the truest / for all the sygnes vnyuo∣calles are holden there bicause y^t in y^e face amonge al other mēbres of the persone is no greater nom∣bre of spyrytes bicause of the .v. organes of know∣lege y^t is there. That are the hearyng, speakynge,

seyng, smellyng, & felynge / & also it is the barest of flesshe / & therfore it is soonest altered of all y^e other mēbres / & at this cause Gordon preserued a man at Moūtpyllier .x. yeres to be cast out, agaynst the intencyon of all other doctours there, because y^e to¦kens appered nat in the face, & yet it dyd ouer all the other membres. ¶Fyrste than begyn̄e at the heyght of y^e heed, & beholde his here & his browes, & plucke at them, & loke yf with y^e rote they drawe any flesshe by the rottēnes & corrupcyon of theyr flesshe. Such by defaute of nourysshynge is soone seen. Item fele w^t thy fynger yf his browes be nat grauellous, and ful of graynes, bycause that in al lepry the vertue assymulatyfe defayleth. And for that cause whan y^e nourysshing cōmeth to the mē¦bres they may nat assēble theym to the mēbres at all / & therfore they remayne grayny / the whiche thynge mounteth alway nexte the membres bare of flesshe as is the face. Than beholde his eyen yf they be rounde specyally to the domestyke partye. Also lykewyse yf his eares be rounde & thycke and rugged. Also yf his nosethyrlles be wyde outwarde narow w^tin & gnawen. Also yf his lyppes & gūmes are foule stynkyng and corroded. Also yf his voyce be horse, and as he speaketh in y^e nose. And also yf his brethe and sweate stynke, and all that cōmeth fro hym / and yf there apere any straytnes of breth as yf wolde querken / and for that cause haue the most haunte. Also yf his loke be steyed and horry∣ble in maner of monster. These sygnes be vnyuo∣calles

that alwaye betoken lepry / whan they are all or the moste parte of theym with the equyuo∣calles as it shall appere / and such sygnes come in lepry by these causes as Auycen sayeth. The fyrste generacyon of lepry is in the entrayles, & for that cause the lunges and lyghtes be hurte / & the pype of the voyce assysteth it, and causeth them to speke as it were in the nose. And for the rotten and cor∣rupte fumes y^t mounte vpwarde by the conductes of the brayne, and the heares lessen and fall for de∣faute of good fedynge. And they appere in the face and in the brest.

¶Of the equyuocalles tokens.

THe Doctoures put .vj. tokens equyuocalles. The fyrste is hardnes and tuberosyte of the ioyntes outwarde as the armes, legges, handes, and fete, for the drye mater, that is stopped by me∣lancoly. The seconde is a morfewe colour & derke ••or the blacke melancolyke humoure that corrup∣••eth the blode. The thyrde is fallynge of heare, spo¦ken of in the vnyuokes. The fourth is wastyng of a brawne, and chyefly of a poulce, so that whan it ••s pynched it abydeth vpryght by the consūption of the sayde muscle. The fyfth is the insensybylyte of the rotten humours of the outwarde partes ex¦••cemytees, spredde within them. The .vj. is blacke ••operous skal and scabbe in the face, and sores on the body by rotten humours and corrupt, y^t stryue with y^e euyll fumosytees. The seuenth is graynes vnder y^e tongue, & behynde the eares / the causes

are in the vnyuokes. The .viij. is brēnynge and fe∣lynge of pryckynges ouer all the body. The .ix. is ruggyshnes of the skynne in maner of a goos, for the greate drythe of the blode and humours. And therfore they oughte to be vnclad & water caste on them / and loke yf it take and synke in the skyn̄e by cause of theyr drythe / where it semeth that they are anoynted they seme so moche to be fat. The .x. that they be of yl rule / and are cōmonly begylers. The .xj. that they haue terryble dremes, as I said before. The .xij. y^t they haue weyke poulces. The .xiij. they haue whyte vryne, thyn̄e, and asshy. The .xiiij. theyr blode is blacke and dusky••••he, of leady colour, and sandye / & to se this it must be wasshen and streyned.

¶The maner to let them blode, and to wasshe and strayne it.

FYloyne sayth, that there must be a great openynge in the veyne whan they be let¦ten blode bycause the thycke blode shuld nat remayne and the thynne onely come out. And whan it is drawen, consydre the substaū∣ce and the colour yf it be so as is abouesayde, and than wasshe it, and passe it through a fayre whyte cloth / and than loke on the flesshe that abydeth in the cloute / and yf it be graueylous and troublous it is a great token. Otherwyse take salte and me∣dle it in the blode, and yf it melte soone. Another

way, take his vryne and vynegre / and loke yf they wyll myngle togyther. Yet do thus, put some of the blode in to a basyn full of water / and yf it go downe to the botome lyke meale it is a token that he is a lazare.

¶Then good Cyrurgyen do nat as a folysshe iu∣ge that forthwith gyueth his sentence / but fyrste or thou gyue it preferre God before thyne eyes / and consydre dylygently the vnyuocal sygnes and the equyuocalles, and se yf they agree / but yet ney¦ther iudge a man to be lazarous by the equyuo∣calles / nor for one or two of the vnyuocalles / nor by the least of the pryncypalles / but there as the vnyuocalles in all or in the moste parte, and of the pryncypalles accorde with y^e equyuocalles of the moste parte / and of the pryncypalles.

FINIS.

¶Thus endeth the maner for to examyne lazares / and to ap∣proue their diseases after the intencyon of Doctours.