A generall historie of the Netherlands VVith the genealogie and memorable acts of the Earls of Holland, Zeeland, and west-Friseland, from Thierry of Aquitaine the first Earle, successiuely vnto Philip the third King of Spaine: continued vnto this present yeare of our Lord 1608, out of the best authors that haue written of that subiect: by Ed. Grimeston.

[illustration]

CAROLVS 5 IMPERATOR

CHARLES OF AVSTRIA THE 2, of that name, the 35. Earle of Holland and Zeeland, the first Temporall Lord of the Towne and Diocesse of Vtrecht, of Friseland, Oueryseel and Groninghen. The fift Emperour of that name.

England, France, Afrique, Turkey, Germanie, Haue felt my spirit to their seuerall losses, Beyond Gibralter are my pillars planted, My wife a Portugaise, and Philips daughter Through my victorious powers fayre Italie Hath seemd to tremble, when n•…•…re Pauia I plotted 'gainst the French, and tooke as Captiue, Francis the first, their famous warre-like King. (Book 6)

Then with fresh Souldiers being from Spaine supplyde, I quite did tame the haughtie Germaines pride; I call to witnesse prisoners that were Princes, As Saxonie and the Lans-graue: the rich Ransomes, Engines of warre, with which (as gifts constrainde) They made peace with my furie; great and small Were ransomde as I pleas'd, my Spanish Forces Tooke holy Rome, the Italians greatest Terror, There three dayes was their Pillage, in no place The Pope found succour, but his powers and hee Lay in their Forts besiegde, not Issuing forth Vntill their Ransomes bought them a free way, From which the Almaine armie receiu'd pay: Was it not I with blowes as quicke as lightning, Conquerd Golletto, Tunis, and Argier? And made the famous Pyrate Barbarosa, At Ariaden shrinck vnder my Sinewe? Who bade fare-well to Africa by flight, Which also stoopt and sunke vnder my might? Did not I Muly-assen then erect, When I Barbarians and the Moores had tamed? Was it not I that with my Campe of Almaynes From Austria chasde the great Turke Solyman? With which the noble conquests that I held In the West-Indyes, may be paraleld. Were not my men the first that did finde out, Those mynes of Peru-gold? and made bolde way Through sandy bounds of rich America? Vnder the obedience of the Spanish lawes Bringing their Kings? what though at first afront They Kingly stroue, being vanquisht, there my slaues; Nor ought the world forget my souldiers deedes That two and twenty millions put to sword Of rebell Indians, forcing the remaynes Like brutish beasts to vnder-goe base paines? Am not I CHARLES fifth Emperour of that name, Throughout the vniuersall Globe the Terror? But when I thought mee firme-vnder my stroake The Spaniard toucht, the Almaines left my yoake, And a new Trouble nere conceiude before Did vnawares beset mee, Germaine Princes, Confederates came vnexpected Foes And forest me flie from Inspruck all vnfurnisht: I that was woont Foes with a whip to chase, Was forst to worke my safetie by my flight, Death to my pride, and furie of my Sword; Yet all I wrought either by force or Law, When I to narrow straights the Cleuoys forest That Gelders, Freezeland, Vtrecht, in the end And beyond Island all the wealth was mine: Vnder my Lawes stoopt Groninghen and Cambray: Fiftie two yeares I Holland did possesse Then to my Sonne all titles I resignde, My flesh lyes at Granado, my soule fares Like her eternal selfe, from humaine eares. (Book 6)

The Argument of the sixt Booke.

THe birth of the Emperor Charles the fifth: warre betwixt the Esterlings, Danes, and Hol∣landers. The Duke of Geldres makes warre against the Bishop of Vtrecht and the Hol∣landers. The state of Friseland A quarrell betwixt the Duke of Saxony and the Earle of Emden for the siegmory of Groningen. Henry Duke of Brunswyke slaine there. The Gro∣ningeois giue themselues to the Duke of Geldres. Prince Charles of Austria takes posses∣sion of the Netherlands. George duke of Saxony resignes his interest of Friseland to Prince Charles: Hee holds the feast of the golden s•…•…ce at Brusselles. Philip Bastard of Bougongne Bishop of Vtrecht: Ma•…•…ten van Rossen, Gouernor in Friseland, Prince Charles crowned King of Spaine: the death of the Emperor Maximilian. Charles the •…•…ift chosen Emperor: the Lady Marguerite Duchesse of 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Gouernesse of the Netherlands. Troubles in Spaine the King being absent: warre in Friseland: warre betwixt the French and the Bourguignons: the Peasants warre in Germany: the Groningeois re∣•…•…ing the Duke of Geldres giue themsselues to the Emperor: the second bloudy Ed•…•… made by the Empe∣ror a•…•…st the Protestants of the Netherlands. A tumult at Vtrecht, who call in the Geldrois against their Bishop. VVilliam van Enke•…•…oort 59. Bishop of Vtrecht: the Coronation of the Emperor Charles by the Pope. An Imp•…•…iall diet at Ausbourg, whereas the Protestant Princes present a confession of their faith: A wonderfull deuo•…•… rin•…•… Inundation in the Netherlands: Mary of Austria Queene Douager of Hon∣garie succeeds in the gouernment of the Netherlands after the death of the Ladie Marguerite her Aun•…•…: warre betwixt them of Lub•…•…c and Holland: An Imperiall dyet held at Ratisbone concerning religion. A pea•…•… betwixt the Emperor and the Duke of Geldres: warre betwixt the French and the Bourguignons. The townes of Geldres mutine against their duke: the Emperor comes out of Spaine through France, to punish the Ganthois: warre betwixt the Emperor and the French King. A peace concluded.

CHARLES the second of that name, the 35. Earle of Holland and Zeeland, Lord of Friseland, eldest sonne to the Archduke Philip of Austria, and of Lady Iane Queene of Castile, was borne at Gand in Flanders the 24 of February 1500. After the death of his Father, he * 1.1 did inherit ouer and aboue the counties of Holland, Zeeland & West-frisland, the Dutchies of Bourgongne, Brabant, Styria, Carinthia, Carniola, Lembourg, Luxembourg and Geldres. The counties of Flanders, Arthois, Henault, Bourgongne, Ferrete, Kyburg, Namur and Zutphen, the Landtgraueship of Elsaten, the Marquisate of Burgau, and of the holy Empire, the Principalitie of Suaue, and the Seigneuries of Windismark, Portenau, Salins and Macklin. Afterwards hee conquered the Dutchie of Milan, and did incorporate the country of Friseland, V∣trecht, Oueryssel, Groningen, Cambray and Cambresis, all holding of the Empire. The Emperour Maximilian hauing (as we haue sayd) taken vpon him the gardianship of his Nephews and Neeces, retiring out of the Netherlands to goe into Germanie about the affaires of the Empire, hee appointed his daughter, the Lady Marguerite * 1.2 Douager of Sauoy, Aunt to the Princes Charles and Ferdinand, Regent of the low-countries, * 1.3 in the name of the Prince her Nephewe, who meaning to come out of Flan∣ders into Zeeland, she imbarked at Nyeuwerhauen, right against Flesingue: Philip of Bourgongne, lord of Somersdike, Admiral, & Adolphe of Bourgongne lord of Beueren, with the Noblemen and deputies of the states of Zeland, went with a good number of flie-boates, shaloups, & other light boates to receiue her at the sayd place of Nyeuwer∣hauen. Whilest that the sayd Noblemen were gone to land to entertaine the sayd Prin∣cesse, the ships of war lying before the hauen shoting off their great Ordinance in signe of honour, it happened that fire fell into the poulder of the Admirall, so as many were slaine, drowned and wounded: but there were not any of these Noblemen in her, al be∣ing gone to land in their long boates to salute the Gouernesse. At that time died the vertuous Lady Anne bastard of Bourgongne, Lady of Rauestein (of whom we haue for∣merly spoken) after that shee had recouered and walled in many Islands that were * 1.4 drowned in Zeeland. To whose goods succeeded Baldwyn and Philip of Bourgongne, her brethren, except the Island of Duyueland, the which returned to them of the house of Borssele, from whence it first came.

William of Egmont Lord of Iselstein, with the consent and cōmission of the Emperour

Maximillan and of his councell, went to take and ransome some Inhabitants about [ A] Bommel, for that they said they were of the Iurisdiction of Geldres, and contrarywise the said Lord of Iselstein would haue them of his Princes Iurisdiction, where-vpon the Duke of Geldres tooke occasion to reuiue the warres. Saying that the Bourguignons had first of al broken the peace, where-vpon the Geldrois lay in waite for the marchants of the Netherlands at their returne from Francfort Mart, whome they spoiled and car∣ried away prisoners to the towne of Gelder, setting them at great ransomes, besides their losses which they had taken from them.

In the same yeare 1508. Raoul Prince of Anhault, of the noble and ancient house of Ascag•…•…e, cheefe of Maximilian the Emperors Armie in the Netherlands •…•…nt againe to beseege the castell of Puydroyen in the month of March, from whence the duke of Geldres had forced Iohn of Egmont to raise his seege, who hauing battred [ B] it and giuen diuers assaults (in the which the marshall Seewint was slaine) in the end it was yeelded to his mercie, which was, that the beseeged should depart euery one with a white wand, retaining twelue to dispose of at his pleasure, whom he caused to be pre∣sently hanged before the port: then he caused both castell and fort to be ruied and ra∣zed, * 1.5 In the meane time the duke of Geldres thought to surprise the towne of Harder∣wick which the Bourguignons held yet, but he failed, from thence the Prince of Anhalt went to beseege the towne of Wesep and the Castell of Muyden both together, being but a quarter of a League one from an other. The French king sent an ambassador to the Princes campe who did mediate the yeelding vp of the said two places by some good [ C] accord to the said Prince in the Emperors name, after that the Geldrois had first been chased from the Block-house of Amsterdam, and the Lord of Aymeries with his walons defeated vpon the mont of Muyden, where the Lord of Iselstein was slaine.

In the yeare, 1509. there died in the citty of Cologne Cont Henry of Stolburch * 1.6 Gouernor for the Duke of Saxony in the contry of Freeseland; he was much lamented * 1.7 of the Frisons for his mild gouernment being a good Iusticer, an vpright man, & fearing God, after whose death, Duke Georges Mareshall came into Friseland bringing with him Euerwin earle of Benthem, with the dukes Comission to be gouernor of the said contry. In the yeare 1510. there fell out great warre betwixt the King of Denmarke and the townes of the East contries as Lubeck, Wismare. Rostwicke and others: Theyof Lubeck did write into Holland, Zeeland and Freeseland for-bidding them to sayle into Den∣marke, [ D] but they would not forbeare: for that the greatest profit of those contries con∣sists in nauigation, where-vpon the Lubeckers tooke some of their ships at two se∣uerall times: their second losse was by the default of the Danes, who did not succor them as they ought. The yeare following the Esterlings came with some of those ships which they had taken into Zeland and Flanders wher the Hollanders arrested them and called them into the Admiraltie court, where they had restitution granted them. But the Hollanders had their reuenge afterwards after an other manner, as you shal heare. The duke of Gelders not able to liue at rest caused 2000. men to come out of Den∣marke, * 1.8 the which did land at Geelmuyden, with an intent to doe some exployt vpon the towne of Campen, and other places in the contry of Oueryssel, but his enterprise [ E] being descouered, the Collonell of his troupes was taken by the Campenois with 40. of his men, wherof foure of the chiefe wel knowne in the contry, lost their heades wher∣with the duke being much incensed, marched with this troup and the rest of his soldi∣ars towards Deuenter, thinking to doe them some affr•…•…nt. But the Bourgeses and some 600. schollers hindred him, from thence hee went and tooke certen smale townes as * 1.9 Goer Dyepenheus and Oldenseel: the which Frederic of Baden bishop of Vtrecht (of whose iurisdict•…•…n they are) recouered soone after, and in reueng thereof spoyled the dukes country about the Velawe vnder the conduct of the Lord of Iselstein Generall of his army, taking many forts and castells from him in the conty of Zutphen, and after [ F] they had done the worst they could one vnto an other, in the end they must come to a composition. During this petty war betwixt the bishop & the duke, the Traiectins had not giuē any succors vnto their Bishop, to recouer those places which the Geldrois had taken from him in the contry of Ouerissel: but had a secret enterprise vpon the towne of Iselstein, the Lord whereof was in their Bishoppes seruice, the which not succeding,

the said Lord of Iselsteyn (meaning to be reuenged) went with some troupes to spoile [ A] round about their towne burning some houses in their suburbes and taking certaine Bourgeses, the which he put to ransome. Notwithstanding the Traiectins growing re∣solute against the said towne, hauing allied themselues with the Duke of Geldres, went * 1.10 to beseege it. The Lord of it with the helpe of his cousin the Gouernor of Holland, and of many other Noblemen and Knights, caused them to rise from thence after they had camped before it almost three monthes: forcing them to saue themselues in the towne of Iselstein, so as in the end after all their fighting they made an agreement. During this * 1.11 time the Geldrois recouered the towne of Bommel, which was held by the Bourguig∣•…•…on Phillip van Zemeren did also yeeld vnto the duke the castell of Hattem and Greb∣•…•…, then he tooke the towne of Vandrichom. The remaynder of this yeare and the next following, by reason of the truce and peace of either part, past without any me∣morable [ B] thing done in the Netherlands, that merits to be written. In the yeare 1512. * 1.12 the warre betwixt the duke of Gelders, the Hollanders, and those of Boisleduc began a∣gaine. The Earle of Serberen Collonel in the dukes seruice, on Candlemas day early in the morning, tooke the sort of Tuylle. Those of Boisleduc meaning to spoile the Iland of Bommel were woore beaten by the saide Earle, and by captaine Michel van Pomeren, wher they tooke many prisoners. They would haue had their reuenge, going to beseege Bommell but they were forced to rise, & leaue it. The Lord of I selstein entred into Gel∣ders and tooke the fort of Roodentoren, where he slue all he found within it, and then razed the place. The like he did to Persicke and Hoeman: ten daies after the towne of [ C] Tyel was taken againe by the Geldrois who burnt the Bourg of Bodegraue the second time: they went with 1200. men before Amsterdam, wher they burnt many ships; from thence they retired one halfe of them to Bilt by Vtrecht, and the other moitie to the Chartreux without the town. The Lord of Wassenare hauing gathered together some 4000. men went on Christmas euen at night to skirmish with the Geldrois that were lodged in the Chartreux, whome he chased from thence and lodged there himselfe: Those that were chased away, hauing ioyned with their companions that were at Bilt returned on Christmas day early in the morning, to charge the said Lord of wassenare and his men in the Cloister, the which they forced, and tooke the Lord Wassenare and many of his men prisoners.

In the yeare 1513. the Geldrois went and burnt certen houses before Schoonehouen * 1.13 [ D] the which captaine Iohn van Delfe seeking to hinder, he was wel beaten, frō thence they entred into the circuit of Dordrecht, Alblas and Alblasserdam, from whence they carri∣ed a great booty and many prisoners. Duke George of Saxony (finding wel that the Earle * 1.14 of Emden kept the towne & contry of Groninghen, although in the begining he tooke vpon him but the title of his Leiutenant); sought all means he could to haue the Earle relinquish that Seigneurie, and to deliuer it into his hands, but the Earle (who found it pleasing as well as the Duke) would not harken to it, whereof the Duke complained to the En•…•…erour, who deputed the Bishop of Cologne and the Duke of Cleues to re∣concile them: but seeing they could not preuaile, they remitted the busines againe to the will of his Imperiall Maiestie, and of his councell, who sent a commandement to the [ E] Earle of Emden, that vpon paine of incurring the indignation of the Empire he should leaue the possession of the said towne & contry, & deliuer it into the hands of his cousen duke George by the 17. day of Ianuary in the yeare 1514. The Earle receiued many other charges and threats from the Emperiall chamber and there were diuers conferences betwixt the deputies of these two Noblemen; But they could neuer agree so as there were great likelehood•…•…s of warre. The which notwithstanding the Saxons feared much knowing what friends the Earle had in Freesland, among the gentlemen of the Ve•…•…coo∣pers saction, of the which he was, whome they had incensed, by the death of the two gentlem•…•…n of their party, whom the yeare before they had executed at Leeuwarden. The •…•…7. day of Ianuary 1514. being come & past the Earle of East Frislande hauing not * 1.15 [ F] obaied the Emperors commandement, the troupes which the duke of Saxonies Lieu∣tenant had in Frieseland marched towards East Friseland, duke George came in person to Leuwarden, where he wintred, the dukes Erick and Henry of Brunswick bretheren,

came to succor the Saxon with 1200. horse and 3000. foote, the which came also into [ A] East Friseland, and tooke the castell of Wredeburch, thether came also 5000. Landts∣knechts, which they called the black troupe, which the duke sent by the seauen Forests into Reiderlandt, the which ioyned with the troupes of Brunswick. Then the duke of Saxony went to inuest Groninghen with a mighty Army. The Saxons had a little be∣fore taken the fort of Deelszyel. The Earle of Emden going out of Groninghen passed the riuer of Eems, and chased the Saxons out of Fermsam & Otterdom, and then he re∣couered Deelfziel. The Saxons campe which was at Essens, hearing what the Earle had done at Deelszyel and in other places, durst not attend him, retyring to the forts of Weedenbras and Auwert. The Groningeois notwithstanding the siege, made many gallant sallies, and attempted their enemies forts. The duke of Saxony assembled the [ B] states of Friseland demanding an aide or imposition of seauen solz of the Florine in rent, * 1.16 of him only that was the owner of the land, which demand the Nobility found very vn∣reasonable, for that the winter before they had camped before Auwert at their owne charge, and therfore nothing was concluded. In the meane time the duke of Brunswick was spoyling of East Friseland, (which is the country of Emden) where hee tooke the castel of Knysohousen, belonging to a gentleman of the country: from thence he went to Merhuysen, the which he assaulted foure times with great losse of his men. The Earle of Emden came & succored it, and defeated 600. of the dukes men, yet being to weake, hee was forced to retire. He being gone, the duke besieged this castel afresh, so as in the end he forced it, killing al that he found armed, being not aboue 80. men. Then hee went to [ C] Styckhuisen, which he also won. On the other side 3000. Saxons marched to Delfziel, which the captaine left vpon their approch, & the fort was presently raized, they won Hoogherkerke also. During these losses, the Earle was not idle, hee had his ships at sea, which tooke vpon the Norderwat three ships belonging to the duke, laden with poul∣der, boullets and a great some of money, which serued him well. Vpon the demande which the duke of Saxony had made to the Frisons, of 7. solz only vpon the Florine in rent, the Nobles being againe assembled in Friseland, did grant vnto him in lieue ther∣of, to serue him two months at their owne charge, with 500. men, vpon condition to be discharged of the twenteth peny, the which he accepted, wherevpō the duke approched with his campe neerer vnto Groninghen, to Selwerd, his men and the Groningeois be∣ing euery day at blowes, not without losse of either side, but most of the Saxons: who [ D] were often surprized in their Corps de Garde. Duke Henry of Brunswick was then be∣fore the sort of Dam, called Oordt: the Earles men were on the other side of the riuer of Eems, in a smal fort which plaied vpon the dukes men when they went to the assault, * 1.17 so as at the last which they gaue, the duke of Brunswicke being there in person, a Gon∣ners boy but 15. or. 16. yeares old, discharged a culuerine, with the which hee tooke a∣way halfe the dukes head, where-vpon Duke Erike his brother raised his Campe, and retired to Auwert. Duke Henries sonne, called also Henry, tooke vp his fathers bo∣die, the which hee kept vntill that his mother came to fetch it, and that this death was reuenged. During these attempts, the Earle of Emden went to the duke of Geldres to Zutphen, to craue succors of him: from whome he carried 400. horse and 300 foote, [ E] with the which hee entred into Groninghen. The 14. of Iuly, the duchesses of Saxony and Brunswicke came vnto the campe: the duchesse of Brunswicke would gladly haue retired her sonne, and carried backe her husbands body, but the sonne would not depart, vntill hee had reuenged his fathers death, wherefore duke George of Saxony hauing well fortified Selwert, Auwert, Winsom and Weerdenbras, with the rest of his campe about Groninghen, hee went the two and twenty of the sayd moneth with the dukes of Brunswick before Dam which was then held by the Earle of Emdens garrisons, the which after they had battered, in the end they sorced it with a furious * 1.18 and continuall assault, killing all they met, except Churchmen, women and children: the which the duke of Brunswicke (to satisfie his reuenge) would also haue had [ F] massakred, if the duke of Saxony had not staied him.

Notwithstanding the crueltie was exceeding great, and there was much bloud spilt, euen with in the churches, and vpon the Altars. Wherewith the duke of Brunswicks

Vncle and Nephew, thinking themselues well reuenged, retired into their country, and [ A] the Duke of Saxonie to his campe before Groningen, the which hee did besiege more straightly then before: whereof the inhabitants began to grow weary, so as in the end they resolued to receiue and acknowledge him for their Prince: and to that end they sent the Pastor Will•…•…, and some others to treate with him in the towne of Leeuwarden, vpon certaine Articles which they propounded, among others, to beate downe and raze the Cittadell which the Earle of Emden had built. The Duke accepted of these conditions, and making good cheere vnto the Pastor and to his companions, hee sent them back to their lodging, saying, that the next day he: would dispatch them. But the next day the Pastor going to receiue his answer, hee found the Duke of an other minde, and that his Counce•…•…l had disswaded him from this accord, vnlesse the Cittadell might re∣maine [ B] entire and whole: wherevpon they returned without any conclusion. The Gro∣ningeois seeing that they could not long continue in that manner; had some confe∣rence with the Earle of Emden, shewing him their poore estate. He (who knew it as well as themselues,) was content they should seeke for succors of some other Prince, & giue themselues vnto him, aduising them to choose the Duke of Geldres vnto whom they * 1.19 sent; offring themselues vpon the same conditions, which they had presented vnto the Duke of Saxony, and to take vpon him their protection and gouernment: wherevnto he yeelded presently; being glad to inlarge his estate by that meanes: and therevpon he sent them 4000. men for a supply, vnder the command of his Marshall William van Ogen and Werner Spi•…•…ghel. Euerwin Earle of Benthem would gladly haue charged these [ C] 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Geldrois with his black troope•…•… but his soldiers knowing what they were, would not fight against •…•…hem. So as they past without any danger vnder the wall, and vnto the gates of Groningen, whereas they made a stand; vntill that their commander had been in the Towne, a•…•…d taken directions what was to be done. At their arriuall the Earle of Emden discharged the Groningeois of their othe of fealtie which they had made vnto him, when as they receiued him for their Lord, thanking them for the loue and honor they had shewed vnto him vntill that day, promising at all times to acknowledge it, as their good neighbour and allie: and therevpon the said Marshall of Geldres was recei∣ued & acknowledg•…•…d in the name of the Duke his Prince. The Earle of Emden retiring the next day, deliuered the Cittadell into the Magistrates hands, the which the Bour∣gesses hauing in their power, did presently beat downe to the ground. The lord of Oven [ D] witho•…•…t any other exploit, retired with his men towards Geldres, promising the Gro∣ningeois to come and raise the siege before Saint Nicholas day. In his retreat the Duke of Saxony with the Frisons, and this black troope fell vpon the Geldrois reer; but not without losse of either side. This done the Frisons returned home, and the Duke to his campe before Groningen. The Duke of Saxony growing bare of money, had not so many voluntary soldiers as he was accustomed, (for money only workes with the Ger∣maine•…•… * 1.20 and there was no meanes to get any Frisons, for they were too much wasted and consumed: neither would they contribute any thing, wherevpon he was forced to borrow much mony of Abbeys, yea of priuate persons, whom he knew to haue mony. [ E] He also made a demand to the States, who required a day to aduise, and in the meane∣time the Geldrois returned with great forces into Frisland, and made themselues mai∣sters of the seauen Forests, Gheester-land, Staueren, Sloten, 〈◊〉〈◊〉, Bolswea•…•…t, Win∣bridseradeel, * 1.21 and Oonseradel: So as the dukes demand was made frustrate: and after∣wards the Frisons paide him no impositions whatsoeuer, beginning to leane to the Geld•…•…ois party, who promised them liberty and freedoms which wo•…•…ds the Frisons do willingly giue eare vnto. Notwithstanding the Saxons did still hold D•…•…m, Leeuwarden, Dockom, Franicker & Harlingen, wherby they did for a long time torment the Frisons.

Without doubt Frisland was at that time wonderfully tormented, with the Geldrois on the one side, and the black troope on the other: by the taking of townes, burning of villages and mills, ruining of castels, murthers, thefts and robberies of either side. If the * 1.22 [ F] soldiers entred into any to vne, either by surprise or otherwise, they would not depart before they were paid; which all lay vpon the inhabitants: and when they were paide in one place, they went vnto another to doe the like. The Sea was not free from

theeues and robbers which hindred the trade and comerce of marchandise and nauiga∣tion [ A] so as nothing could come into the contry which caused a great derth. If there were any prouision of vittells in townes, they kept that for themselues, not suffring any to goe forth, so as the poore of the villages died for honger: for if they had a bit to eate the soldiers pulled it from them.

In the yeare 1515. Prince Charles of Austria, hauing taken possession of his contries of * 1.23 Brabant, Flanders, Arthois, Henault, Namur, Lembourg, Luxembourg. &c. falne vnto * 1.24 him by the death of King Phillip his father: he arriued at Midelbourg in Zeeland, & from thence went to Ziricxee, in which 2. townes he tooke possession of the country of Zee∣land, where he was honorably entertained by the noblemen of the contry, from thence he went into Holland, where hee did likewise inherit the same County and west Frise∣land. The 16. of Ianuary in the yeare 1515. died Don Fernando king of Arragon, who was [ B] in the right of Isabella his wise King of Castille, Leon, Granado. &c. in whome fayled the race of the Kings of Arragon desended from the Berengers Earles of Barcellona which * 1.25 race raigned in Spaine 470. yeares & in Sicile, 230. He had for his heyre Prince Charles of Austria, sonne to the Lady Iane of Arragon and Castill, his daughter and only heire: Duke George of Saxony seeing that it was impossible for him to maintaine himselfe any longer in Freeseland, where he had wasted so much of his owne and of other mens; and that the end was worse thē the beginning, hauing this word ordinary in his mouth, that he called the contry of Friseland, in steed of Fryeslandt, Freslandt that is to say, a deuou∣ring contry: for that it had deuoured most of his meanes but he did not confesse that he [ C] was neuer satified, and that they had no sooner granted him one Imposition or subsidy, but he exacted an other, and that the bad gouernment of his officers, gaue them still oc∣casions to reuolt: the which doth fall out ordinarily, where as strangers command. He resolued to resigne ouer the interest which he had to some mightier Prince, who by his forces should haue means to reduce them to his obedience; for he did well foresee that the duke of Gelders in like sort would not long hold it. He therfore resolued to resigne the said contry vnto Charles of Austria Prince of Spaine: and this resignation was con∣cluded * 1.26 in maner as followeth. That Prince Charles should pay presently vnto the Duke of Saxony, 70000. Florins: fifty thousand in ready mony, and 20000. in cloth for his soldiars: and besides that the summe of 30000. Florins at three paiements in considera∣tion whereof the duke should paie his soldiars and retier them all out of the contry of [ D] Friseland. The which duke Henry his eldest brother should also ratefie, and renounce all the right which he might pretend to the said contry of Freeseland, for the assurance of which resignation, to be made by the said duke Henry, the contries of Misnia and Tu∣ringen should stand bound. And in this maner the rule of the Saxons ended in Freese∣land. This resignation made and concluded, the Burguignons (that is to say the subiects of Prince Charles) made a truce for fower monthes with the Geldrois: the Saxons not∣withstanding houlding the townes & fortresses, vntil they were deliuered into the Prin∣ces power. For the performance wherof Floris of Iselsteyn arriued the 3. of Iune, 1515. * 1.27 with the Duke of Saxons commissioners in the towne of Harlingen, whereas the fort was deliuered him, and he receiued it in his Princes name, taking an oth of the Bourge∣ses. [ E] The like was done at Leeuwarden the cheefe towne and Parliament of the country) touching the Cittadell. But they made some difficulty both there and in other places concerning the oth. But the Lord of Iselsteyn keeping them in awe with this Blacke troupe which was yet in the country, staying for paie in the end they yeelded vnto it: and the said Prince was proclaimed in the towne of Leeuwarden, with great sollemnity and acclamations of the people, and acknowledged Lord of Freesland, the Lord of Ise∣lsteyn accepting it, and causing peeces of Gold and siluer to be cast about, coyned with Prince Charles his name. In whose name he made some Gentlemen Frisons Knights, promising to suffer them to inioy all their Preuiledges such as they had had in the times of the dukes of Saxony. This was the forth time that the Frisons in lesse [ F] then twentie yeares did change their Lord and Prince. The Lord of Iselsteyn ha∣uing paied the 70000. Florins in siluer and cloth to the soldiars of the blacke troupe thanked them, and then they were presently entertained by the French King, by

one of his Collonels, who led them out of Friseland, the which by this means was hap∣pily [ A] discharged, This done the Lord of Iselstein beeing in the Castell of Leeuwarden he sent for Bernard B•…•…chodita, Hessel Martua, Doctor Kempo Martua, Goslic Iongama, Tyard Bourinania, T•…•…llinck Botin•…•…, Reinick Camminga, Reinick Campstra and Gerold Herama. To * 1.28 whom in Prince Charles his name hee did commit the gouernment of Iustice, for the which they tooke an oth. He did also write vnto the Earle of Emdén, being at Dockom, that he should leaue the sayd towne, and retier with all his men out of the country of Friseland, wherevnto he obeyed, fearing the power of this Prince more then the dukes of Saxony. The country of Friseland, beeing deliuered into the hands of the Lord of I∣selstein, all the Artillery, which belonged to the duke of Saxony, remained one whole yeare in the castells and forts, the which was deliuered by Inuentary, with a condition [ B] to deliuer them, or to paye the value of them within the yeare. The Saxons did also yeeld vp the castell of Medemblyck in West-Friseland: then all the dukes officers went out of Friseland, the which remained for a while in some rest, by reason of the truce which was betwixt Prince Charles and the duke of Geldres, which was prolonged for three yeares, but twise broken by the Geldrois. In the beginning of the yeare 1516. Prince Charles being in Holland, Ambassadors came vnto him from Francis the first the French King, to wit, the duke of Vendosme and the bishop of Paris, well accompanied, to congratulate his comming to the crowne of the realmes of Spaine: and to so many goodly estates which hee did inherit by the death of his Grandfather Don Ferdinando of * 1.29 Arragon. The Prince being at the Hage, there was speech of a marriage betwixt Prince [ C] Ferdinand of Austria, brother to Prince Charles, with the sister of Lewis King of Hunga∣ry, wherein there was great diuersity of opinions. There was also concluded by the ad∣uice of the Emperor Maximilian, the mariage of Christerne the 2. King of Denmarke, & Lady Isabella, sister to the Princesse of Austria. For which effect the Bishop of Dronten was sent Ambassador for the King of Denmarke into Holland, with a great conuoy of ships, beeing accompanied with the chiefe Nobility of the Realme, to receiue the sayd Princesse in their name, according to the treaty of marriage, and to conduct her to the King her spouse. And to attend on her, there were appointed on the behalfe of Prince Charles, the Lady of Chymay with a goodly traine of ladies and gentlewomen: and for their conuoy at sea, Philip of Bourgongne Admirall of the Netherlands, the Lords of Faleze, Cortgeene & Chasteau, and other noblemen and gentlemen, with a great num∣ber [ D] of ships o•…•… Holland and Zeland. This Princesse with all her fleet had great tempests and a dangerous passage. Prince Charles desirous to imitate the ancient custome of his Predecessors dukes of Bourgongne in the conuocation of a generall chapter of the or∣der of the golden fleece, wherewith the greatest Kings and Princes of Christendome are commonly honored, (if they be obseruers of the relligious ceremonies thereof) and the most worthy and valiant noblemen, as wel vassals of the house of Bourgongne as o∣thers. And to hold a sollemne feast of the order in the same manner that the good duke Philip of Bourgongne his great great grandfather had instituted it, continued by his o∣ther Predecessors vnto his time. Hee began to hold this feast the 26. of October in his [ E] Pallace at Brusselles, continuing three daies togither in diuers habits: Frederic of Ba∣den * 1.30 bishop of Vtrecht finding himselfe sick, and very weake of al his members so as hee could no more gouerne his estate, nor defend his subiects from the Inuasions of their e∣nemies the Geldrois and others, after that hee had gouerned his bishoprike about 20. years. He was perswaded to resigne it, (as wel by the motion of the Emperor Maximili∣on, as of Prince Charles his councell) to some one of the house of Bourgongne, preten∣ding in time to make the temporall Iurisdiction of Vtrecht to fall into the house of Austria, as it did. The which hee did vnto Phillippe of Bourgongne, bastard Sonne to the good duke Philippe of Bourgongne, and brother vnto Dauid, who had beene Bishoppe of Vtrecht before Frederic of Baden. Hee was now growne so olde bee∣ing Admirall at the sea, as hee left it to bee admitted in the sayd Bishoprike, whereof [ F] hee tooke possession and made his entrie in the yeare 1516. where hee was honou∣rablie receiued as well by the Clergie as the temporaltie of the sayd Towne and Countrie of Vtrecht. Hee was much respected of them and beloued for his

peaceable gouerment, he like vnto his brother Dauid, very curious to adorne the Tem∣les [ A] and to repaire the Castells.

The truce being broken by the Geldrois, the spoyles of the Bourguignons were not lesse in those times in the countrie of Geldros, then those of the Geldrois in Freezland, * 1.31 doing what mischiefe they could. But soone after the Geldrois found themselues * 1.32 so oppressed in their owne countrie, euen the towne of Arnhem the Metropolitaine of the Dutchie. In th•…•… •…•…hich the Duke was straightly besieged, and so tormented by the Bourguignons, as they could not long haue subsisted, if the French King had not beene a mediator and procured them a •…•…ce, the which was granted for six monthes, but it * 1.33 lasted no•…•… long for when as they 〈◊〉〈◊〉 to proclaime it in such places as the Duke held in Freezland, the Captaines Geldrois, did not onely reiect it but committed strange [ B] outrage•…•… 〈◊〉〈◊〉 the Captaine of the cas•…•…l of Rhee•…•…stick caused him that had brought this treat•…•… to be put into a 〈◊〉〈◊〉, and •…•…st •…•…to the water. Arkelens chiefe of the men of war * 1.34 in the towne of S•…•…ke, cast the •…•…essenger in prison that came vnto him, and would haue intreated him in this same manner, if his father had not beene a dweller in Sneeke, and if the inhabitants •…•…d not s•…•…ed fo•…•… him, Goldsteyn captaine of the towne of Doc∣kom forced the messenger to eat and swallow downe the writing of the accord of this truce, th•…•… which contained aboue six sheets of paper, the which the said Captaines did, for that they would not yeeld to any peace no•…•… truce. The Geldrois hauing absolutly refused the truce; imploied all their best meanes, to draw the Frisons to the obedience of the Duke of Geldres. And therevpon Arkelens the Dukes Lieutenant caused the de∣puties [ C] of the townes of Freezland to be assembled the tenth of Nouember. 1517. pro∣ducing a certaine letter written by his master letting them vnderstand that it was neuer * 1.35 his intention to abandon the country of Freezland, nor the good inhabitans thereof; neither at the instant would he lea•…•…e them, but rather hazard body and goods to man∣taine and preserue them; and that whatsoeuer concerning them had beene giuen out, and affirmed by the Bourguignons was a meere lie to distract his good subiects by such false practises; and that so long as they should remaine faithfull vnto him, they should find him well affected vnto them. The Cittizens, answered that so the•…•…e would, and de∣sired to liue his most faithfull subiects euen vnto the last breath. The Lieutenant was exceeding glad of this answere; and that he had perswaded them therevnto: for that he did greatly doubt, that the commons would ioyne with the Bourguignon partie. [ D] The Geldrois hauing twise broken the truce, oppressing and molesting the subiects of Prince Charles, both by sea and land, without any respect; who durst not reuenge themselues in Freezeland. Those that held the Princes partie, were forced to send for deputies to Vtrecht, to an assemblie that was held there, Doctor Kempo Martua, and Thyart Bo•…•…ma made knights and councelors to Prince Charles, to show vnto the amba∣ssadors * 1.36 and deputies of princes, the rebellion and obstinacie of the Geldrois persi∣dious br•…•…akers of the truce. Intreating that noble assemblie, to take some course in that behalfe that the Geldrois might obey, or else that order might be taken, such as they should thinke fittest for their better securitie. In the meane time Arkelens went into Geldres to the Duke his maister where hauing staied sometime, he was dismissed from [ E] his charge; & Martin van Rosse•…•… Seignior of Puydroyen being substituted in his place. They came both together into Freezeland, being arriued there, Rosse•…•… called an assem∣blie in the towne of Sneeke, of the states which held the duke of Geldres partie; to ap∣peare there the second of August, where among other poynts he propounded, that the imposts of wine, beere▪ & such other like things shold be takē away, as they were alrea∣dy in those townes which h•…•…ld the Bourguignon party: for that the comodities which did pay a custome to the Geldrois, were transported into the townes of the Bourguig∣non faction, to be freed, to the great preiudice of the duke and the townes vnder his * 1.37 obedience. That the said imposts being taken away, they should finde some meanes, to [ F] entertaine their troopes, and to defray other charges of the countrie. Vppon which proposition after long consultation, it was resolued that the imposts should bee taken away, and that they should agree to giue him a yearely summe of money, towards the maintenance of his house and state. There were also certaine articles propounded by

the saide states, which they required to haue confirmed by the Duke; the which Arke∣lens [ A] carried with him, promising to make a good report, and to do his best indaeuour to procure the Duke to ratefie them.

There was a certaine Pirate at sea called Grand-Pierre or great Peter, with the Duke * 1.38 of Geldres commission who made as great spoiles at sea as the Geldrois did at land, for there were not any ships which past him, from North or South, Esterlins or others, but they were all good prize. But aboue all, he did seeke to ruine the Hollanders; for as many as he tooke he threw them ouer-boord with out pittie or mercy. The 28 of September, after many great spoiles which this Grand-Pierre had done at sea, being 25. ships strong; in the which he had 1200. men, giuing it out that he went to Harderwycke to the duke, he directed his course towards Horne, hauing landed his men couertly [ B] for want of good guard hee surprised the towne by Scaladoe, hauing spoiled it, and his men laden with pillage, hee retired presently to his shipps. At his returne, hee * 1.39 met with a ship of Enchuysen, the which he borded himselfe, and cast the maister and his seruant ouer into the sea, for that they were Hollanders. After the death of Don Fernando of Arragon King of Spaine, Prince Charles of Austria, Duke of Bourgongne &c. Earle of Holland, Zeeland &c. receiued letters from Pope Leo the 10. and the Emperour Maximillian his grand-father. With others written vnto Cardinall Pimero, and the Councell of Spaine; by the which they required them to receiue and inuest Prince Charles in the realmes of Castille, Leon, Arragon &c. These letters being red in Spaine, some would haue apposed; and among others Don Piedro Giron eldest sonne * 1.40 [ C] to the Earle of Vrenate; who by descent and genealogy pretended to showe that he was the nearest (after Queene Iane, who was ben•…•…med of her members) to the crowne of the saide realmes; thinking this occasion to be happely falne out for him, by the death of Don Fernando father to Iane. Cardinall Pimero seeing this beginning of an alteration (which might haue turned into a ciuill warre) by the aduice of the deceased Kings Councell, sent presently for Prince Charles: who was then in the Netherlands; to come with all speed and receiue the possession of the saide realmes. These letters being come to the Court at Brusselles it was decreed, that before his departure out of the saide country he should make choyce of some one to gouerne those countries in his absence. For the which the Emperour Maximillian his Grandfather, was ap∣pointed as Curator, but for that he was for the most part absent out of those Countries, [ D] and at that time busied in Germanie and in the warres of Italie, he appointed the Lady Marguerit his daughter widdow douager to the duke of Sauoye, aunt to Prince Charles to be Regent and Gouernesse of the Netherlands, as she had bene in the yeare 1508. The Lord of Cheures his gouernor, remaining neare his person. The which being thus appointed and all his equipage ready, the Prince accompanied with the knights of the order and the states of the Netherlands, with many Princes, Ba rons Knights and * 1.41 gentlemen, parted from Brabant and arriued in Iune, 1517. at Middelbourg in Zeeland, where he staied till the twelfe of August, and then with a prosperous winde he had a short and happy passage, comming to the coaste of Spaine about the towne of Tassone in the countrie of Asturia. The country-men of the quarter seeing so great an armie [ E] at sea, feared they had bene the French or some other pirats and enemies: so as hauing hidden their wiues and children in the mountaines, they presented themselues in armes, vpon the sea-shoare. Prince Charles reioiced to see them, & hauing commanded to put forth their standards, ensignes, banderolls and flags with his armes, he caused * 1.42 them to cry Spaine Spaine, where-at casting downe their armes, they fell vpon their knees, receiuing him with great ioy: being landed in Spaine, he marched by land from one towne to an other, where he was honourably receiued by the chiefe nobillity of the realme, hauing attended his comming at Valiodolit; where he made his entry with a royall and stately pompe.

The Prince hauing staied there about sixe monthes, in February, 1518. They [ F] beganne his coronation in Saint Pauls Church. To this solemnitie came many great * 1.43 Princes strangers: the Ambassadors of Kings, Princes, and Christian Potentates; * 1.44 the c•…•…iefe officers of the crowne of Castile, the Princes, Dukes, Earles, Barons, and the

greatest of all Spaine were there, euery man in his ranke and degree. The chiefe Noble∣men [ A] of the Netherlands had followed the Prince to shew themselues at this corona∣tion: among others those of the house of Melun, of Croy, Lalain, Egmont, Bossu, Berghen, Lygnel, Horne, Lanoy, and many other Barons and Knights, euery one richly attired, in emulation of the Noblemen of Spaine, both in their owne apparell, and in their liueries, and the furniture of their horses: Wherein they did not onely equall the Spaniards, but exceeded them.

On the 7. of February Prince Charles was crowned with the solemnities and cere∣monies accustomed at the coronation of the Kings of Castile. This done, the King and the Queene his Mother, sitting in their Throne, Don Garcia did read the othe with a lowde voyce (the which was great and sollemne) the which the Prelates, Princes, [ B] and Gouernours of Prouinces and Townes, were accustomed to take to his Predeces∣sors Kings of Castile. Wherefore all those that were bound to that othe drew neere and presented themselues, euery one swearing vpon the holy Euangelist, and then they kist the Kings hand. The first was Prince Ferdinand the Kings Brother, then the Lady Elenor his sister, and after came the Prelates, as Archbishops, Bishops, and other Clear∣gie men. This othe being taken, Don Garcia did read with a lowd voyce, the homage of a loyall vassall, the which the Princes and Noblemen were to doe: The first of the which also was Prince Ferdinand and his Sister, who did their homage, in the hands of William of Croy, Lord of Cheures, Gouernour to the King: either of them putting their hands ioyned into the sayd Lords hands, who receiued them in the Kings [ C] name. This homage done, the King caused Prince Ferdinand to sit downe by him, in a seate appointed for that purpose, where sitting bare-headed, hee receiued (in the King his Brothers name) the homages of all the Princes and Noblemen of the realme, who after they had deliuered their hands into Prince Ferdinands, kissed the Kings hands: This ceremonie being ended, Te deum was song, and the Trumpets and cla∣rions sounded. Then the King retired to his Pallace, being alwayes accompanied by the Princes and Noblemen on foote, none being on horse-back but Prince Ferdinand, and the Ambassadors to the Emperour, Pope, Kings of France, England, and of Portugall, and of the Seigneurie of Venice. The remainder of the dayes of this feast were spent in Tylt, Tourney, Dancing and other sports, and so the feast ended [ D] with all ioy and content. From that time the Kings affaires began to prosper more and more, all his subiects of his Realmes of Spaine comming to yeeld him obedi∣ence and fealtie.

Wee haue before made mention of that Blacke troupe, which (the Duke of Sax∣onie hauing payed) were sent out of Friseland, and that a French Collonel had enter∣tained them; but hauing neither money nor meanes to imploy them, they continued eating and spoyling in the high diocesse of Vtrecht, about Deuenter; from thence they went into the countrie of Geldres, from whence the Duke caused them to dis∣lodge, where-vpon they thrust themselues into the country of Cleues. These gal∣lants with-out care or feare of any man, continued there so long, vntill that the Dukes of Cleues and Geldres, the Bishop of Cologne, and the Earle of Nassau, (hauing [ E] gathered together three thousand horse, and some good troopes of foote) went to * 1.45 seeke them. They had made some accord with the Earle of Nassau; but the Wallons hauing defeated 1200. at one charge, the commons seeing this, fell vpon the great troope, being yet in their trenches, who were so amazed, as abandoning armes and all, euery man sought how to saue himselfe, and so these insolent soldiars which had done so much mischiefe, were defeated and dispersed: a great number of them were slaine by the peasants, and afterwards many of them were taken and executed by the hand of Iustice: especially all those that were knowne to haue beene at the sacke of the towne of Aspren; the bloud of Innocents crying vp to heauen for vengeance against those execrable murtherers. [ F]

The Emperour Maximilian beeing discharged of the Gardienship of Prince Charles his grand-child; hee tooke his leaue of him and of the Noblemen of the Ne∣therlands, taking his way towards Germanie, where after that hee had disposed of

his affaires, returning from an Imperiall diet at Ausbourg, hee fell sicke a•…•… Inspruck [ A] of a •…•…ux, which grewe by weakenesse, from whence for his ease hee was transported to the towne of Velse, whereas his infirmitie did so increase daily, as the Phisitions despaired •…•…f his helth.

There hee made his last will and testament: by the which among other things hee did expresly forbid them to imbalme his bodie, but they should find out a coffin of oake, in the which hee would bee buried, saying, that therein they should finde all things necessary for a dead bodie, which was a course canuase sheete, wherein his bodie should bee sowed: ordayning that they should fill his eares, eyes and mouth full of lime, and so put his bodie into this coffin of oake, and cause it to bee interred. Aboue three yeares before his death hee had alwaies carried this coffin about with * 1.46 him, wheresoeuer he went, lockt vp in an other cofer of iron, whereof hee himselfe had [ B] the keye, the which hee would euery night haue carefully carryed into his chamber: which made many to coniecture that there was some great treasure in it. His sick∣nesse increasing, hee disposed himselfe to die, remitting himselfe vnder the Standard of fayth, with a full confidence in the merits and satisfaction made by the bloud and passion of IESVS CHRIST our Lord: and recommending his soule vnto GOD, he gaue vp the Ghost, the twelfth of February 1519. beeing fifty nine yeares old, one month and one day, hauing beene Emperor 32. yeares and a leauen monethes. Then beeing layed in this coffin, according to this decree, he was carryed to Nyeustadt, and * 1.47 burried by his mother the Ladie Elenor daughter of Portugall. Hee was a Prince in∣dued [ C] with singular vertues: hee spent one part of his life priuately among learned * 1.48 men: with whome hee discoursed familiarly of diuinitie; of all partes of Philosophy, but especially of Phisick, of the Mathematikes and of the Histories of all ages: quick∣ning his wit daylie with the reading and meditation of these things: so as by his ex∣ample; his exhortations, and the recompences which hee promised, the knowledge * 1.49 of histories in Germany was reuiued, beeing then buried in Barbarisme, and igno∣rant of the pinciples of true and sollide learning, so as before him there was not any Prince, that either priuatly or publickely did inrich Germanie with more excel∣lent guiftes then hee did. Hee was a great louer of Phisicke. And for that hee was very curious in the serch of Antiquities, hee caused Cuspinian, Nauclerus, Con∣rade Putinger and Iames Manlius to write generall histories from the beg•…•…nning of [ D] the world. He did incite certaine others, as Ladislas, Suntheius and Stabius to serch out and write without flatterie or corruption, the auncient familes of Ger∣manie, the Nobilitie whereof hee knewe in olde time to haue beene verie great, wherein hee spent great summes of money. The other Noble Princes of Ger∣many mooued by the example of this Emperour, beganne to shew themselues in the like zeale and affection to the knowledge of histories and learning. And then they beganne to erect many vniuersities.

After the death of this Emperor, they found that the Assemblie of the seauen Prin∣ces Electors of Germanie did auaile much for the quiet of all Europe for matters in∣clyning to some great alteration, the dignity of the Empire and the forme of publike gouernment was maintayned by the wisedome, constancy, vnion and fidelity of the [ E] sayd Princes Electors. Albert of Brandebourg Archbishoppe of Mentz, Prince Elec∣tor, and Chancellor of the Empire throughout all Germanie, hauing newes of * 1.50 this death, gaue notice thereof (according to his charge) to the Princes Electors, and called them all to Francfort vpon the riuer of Mayn, to proceed vnto the election of a new Emperour: whether they came all, Videlicet. Albert himselfe, Herman Earle of Weda, Archbishoppe of Cologne, Richard Archbishoppe of Treues. Ladislas of Sterneberg Ambassador to Lewis King of Bohemia, Lewis Count Palatin of Rhine, Frederic duke of Saxony and Ioachin Marquis of Brandebourg.

The seauenteene day of Iune in the same yeare 1519. they assembled all in Saint Bar∣tlemewes [ F] Church at Francfort, where after the accustomed ceremonies, the Princes in their habits of Electors, approched to the Altar, where in the presence of a great multitude, they did sollemnly sweare, faithfully to obserue all the Articles

of the election contained in the golden Bull of Charles the fourth, the which to that [ A] effect was publickly read before them all: from thence the Princes Electors alone entred into the Vestry of the said Temple, where they had beene accustomed for a long time to make the like elections. The Archbishop of Mentz opened the cause of their assembly, and after some preface of honor and prayers done vnto God, to direct the whole assembly of the Electors: wherein he gaue a testimony of his wisedome, piety, fidelitie, and sincere affection to the publicke good and quiet: the chiefe point of his discourse was to exhort them to vnion, and to auoyde all occasions of ciuill warre in the Empire. Alledging to that purpose what had happened in the times of other Em∣perors, namely of Lewis the gentle, Henry the first, the Ottons, Henry the fourth, Conrard of Suabe, Lothaire of Saxony, and others: where by the discord of Electors infinite miseries haue fallen vpon the Empire. Hee added more-ouer, that this discord had [ B] caused trouble and schisme in religion. That at this present the threatning of the Turke, who conspired against the liberty and religion of Christians, especially of Ger∣manie: and the threates of some Princes, who sought occasions to sowe troubles, and to deuide the Germaines, should admonish the Electors to remember their oth, wher∣by they were chiefely bound to preuent all sedition.

After many other speeches to the same purpose, the Electors hauing had some short conference together, they commended the Elector of Mentz for his zeale and affecti∣on * 1.51 to the publicke state, protesting that they would therein indeuour to follow his ad∣uice, and to be of one minde and consent if it were possible. This was spoken in the name and behalfe of them all, by the Marquis of Brandebourg, to whom his compani∣ons [ C] gaue the charge, in respect of his eloquence: for then the Princes were so vnited, as without any emulation, they did willingly yeeld one vnto another, and were carefull not to blemish the graces which their companions might haue, respecting therein the publick good. To conclude, according to the custome of the ancient Germaines, they resolued to ioyne loue and plainesse together: and without doubt they were so nobly affected, as they would neuer shew their passions, in any of their consultations which concerned the publick good; nor conceiue in their hearts any bad conceit against their brethren, especially in affaires of consequence: the Electors deferred their resolution * 1.52 vntill the next day. In the meane time the Ambassadors of Prince Charles Archduke of Austria, Duke of Bourgongne, Earle of Holland, &c. and King of Castile, &c. arri∣ued [ D] at Ments. They intreated the Electors to remember Charles in their election; ad∣ding some-thing of his vertues: they did also put them in minde, that the Emperour Maximilian had recommended his grand-childe vnto them, the which hee would not haue done, being so good & so wise a Prince, if he had not knowne it to be for the good of the Empire.

In the meane time the Ambassadors of Francis the first the French King were at Coblents on Conflans, from whence they did sollicite for their Maister, who * 1.53 had some Electors fauourable to his party: the which as some Histories say, had giuen King Francis incouragement to affect it. These Ambassadors did extoll their Princes vertues all they could, pretending many reasons why hee should be chosen before any [ E] other. The Princes Electors hauing receiued letters from the Ambassadors of France and Spaine, made answer in few words: That they were exceeding glad of the good af∣fection * 1.54 which both Kings carryed vnto the Empire: But as for the election, they did hope that GOD would giue them the grace, to carry themselues faithfully, and as they were bound by othe, and by the lawes and ordinances of their Predecessors When they came to consult touching the election: the Archbishop of Mentz, hauing conferred priuately with Fredericke Duke of Saxony, (who was in great credit and authority among them all) * 1.55 began his Oration, vtterly reiecting the French King, for the aduancement of King Charles, describing and setting downe his good disposition, his great meanes, the benefit which the Empire might hope for and expect, and with-all his beginning, [ F] being issued and descended out of Germanie, holding him as a naturall Germaine, where they must finde and choose themselues an Emperour, and not among strangers: concluding in the end in fauour of Charles.

After that hee had ended his speech, hee perswaded, the other Electors to deliuer [ A] their opinions, who after they had conferred some-what togither, they intreated Ri∣chard * 1.56 Archbishoppe of Treuer, Prince Elector, to speake, for he was much esteemed for his iudgement and experience in affaires of State: who contrarie to the opinion of him of Mentz, maintained, that the King of Spaine was no more to bee admitted, then he of France: in whose honour hee spake verie highly: saying that the same rea∣son, that hee of Mentz had obiected against him, were lyable also against the King of Spaine: and therefore hee concluded that the French King for the ripenesse of his age, for his valour and experience in warre (Germanie hauing great neede of such a Captaine against the Turke) should bee preferred before the King of Spaine beeing young and without experience. And if the lawe did forbid them to choose a Frenchman, that it was of the same force against a Spaniard. Or els if [ B] neither the one nor the other were to bee admitted, then they should aduise among all the Princes of the Empire, to choose one that had not liued any where but in Ger∣manie, that was a Germaine by birth, in his manners, minde and language, deliuer∣ing manie reasons, why and howe that might bee donne, against the allegations of him of Mentz vppon that point, Saying that the meanes were easie to finde, by the which an Emperour chosen out of their owne Nation might maintaine his authoritie and that of the Empire, both at home and a broade and so hee ended his speech.

Frederic duke of Saxony spake next: who hauing shewed that the French King was excluded by the lawe, and that Charles was a Germaine Prince, hauing liued in Germany and spake the language; hee concluded that the common-weale had neede * 1.57 [ C] of a mightie Prince, and that he knewe not any comparable to Charles. Therefore it was most conuenient to choose him Emperour, but with certaine lawes and condi∣tions; so as Germany might remaine at libertie, and that they might anoyde those dangers which the two Archbships sayd were to be feared. After that the rest had approued his speech the Archbishoppe of Treues sayd, I fore-see the destinie of Germa∣nie, & an alteration at hand, yet seeing it pleaseth you, I must yeeld vnto your willes. And for that it was then late they retired themselues,

Pope Leo the tenth was much troubled, and in a worde, feared the election of one of these two Princes, for both were alike suspect vnto him. To the ende that hee might preuent both of them, hee labored to haue a third man chosen. Wherein hee [ D] sought to imbarke the French King, putting him in dispaire euer to attaine vnto it himselfe. But hee feared also this third, seeing no man so apparent and likelie, as Fre∣deric duke of Saxony, a fauorer of Martin Luther, who was his mortall enemie: yet all these deuises and practises turned to smoke: and so did all the solicitings, guiftes, * 1.58 presents and promises, made by the French King: the election of Charles remayning firme and constant.

The next day after the sayd election: the Princes Electors beeing assembled, they beganne to treat of the conditions they should giue and prescribe vnto Charles, the which was debated some daies togither; and in the ende all beeing concluded, they [ E] sent the lawes and conditions in writing to Charles his Ambassadors remayning at Mentz. After they had receiued them, they put in writing the voices of euery Elec∣tor, according to the custome with his hand and seale. The day before the sayd Election, they had presented the Empire to Frederic duke of Saxony, but hee refuzed it, with a Noble resolution; excusing himselfe vpon his age, hauing (as wee haue sayd) alreadie giuen his voice vnto Charles. This done the Noblemen were called, and admitted in, then the Bishop of Mentz going vp into the pulpit in Saint Bartle∣mewes Church, declared that Charles the fift of that name, Archduke of Austria, duke of Bourgongue &c. Earle of Flanders, Holland, Zeeland &c. and King of Spaine, was chosen King of Romains, in the place of the Emperor Maximilian deceased. Then the Ambassadors which were come within a league, were sent for. Beeing come, [ F] a councell was held for the gouernment of the common-weale: and the charge was giuen vnto Prince Casimir to leauie men, and to put them in garrison, for feare of some Innouation. The Electors did write vnto Prince Charles and sent an

Ambassage vnto him, to certifie him of all that had beene done; the chiefe of which Ambassage was the Pallatin Frederic, who arriued in Spaine in the end of Nouem∣ber [ A] with Letters; intreating him to accept of the Empire, which they offred him; and that hee would make hast to come into Germanie. King Charles hauing setled his af∣faires * 1.59 in Spaine, hee gathered together a great fleete of ships and gallyes, and taking leaue of his Princes and Citties, hee imbarked and landed in England, where hee was ioyfully entertained with great state, by King Henry the eight, and by the Queene his Aunte, and by the French Queene (married to the Duke of Suffolke) the Kings sister; who had beene promised to him in marriage, she gaue him a very kinde and louely wel∣come. Hee was very honourably intreated there for some dayes; then being imbarked againe with a prosperous winde, he past soone ouer to Flessinghe, and from thence into Brabant, where he was ioyfully receiued by all his subiects. The Princes Electors hea∣ring [ B] that hee was arriued in Brabant, they sent other Ambassadors vnto him, to haue him prepare to receiue the Crowne of the Empire, with the accustomed ceremonies.

MARGVERITE OF AVSTRIA, PRIN∣cesse widow of Castille, Dowager of Sauoy, Aunte to the Emperour Charles the 5. Gouernesse of the Netherlands.

[illustration]

MARGARITA AVSTRIACA DVCISSA SABAV. GVB. BELGICAE.

From Daughter to an Archduke, I became An Emperors Daughter: to King Lewis sonne I first was promised with pompe and Fame, But my place in his bed another won: The Prince of Arragon was my first Pheere, But being left a widdow, I did wed For second, Duke of Sauoy, he being dead, I from my Nephew did the gouernment beare.

THe Lady Marguerite of Austria, daughter to the Emperour Maximi∣lian, [ A] and to the Lady Mary of Bourgongne, was first married to the Prince Don Fernando of Arragon, the onely sonne of Don Fernando King of Arragon, and of Isabella Queene of Castile, which Prince di∣ed soone after, leauing no children. Afterwards the said Lady was married againe to the Duke of Sauoy, with whom she liued not long before he dyed. Returning into the Netherlands after the death of her brother Philip King of Castile, in the yeare 1508. she was by prouision admitted by the Emperor her father, during his absence in Germanie, and the warres in Italy, to the gouernment of the Netherlands, with George Duke of Saxony. So as this yeare 1520. King Charles her [ B] Nephew went into Germanie to receiue the Crowne of the Empire, leauing the said Lady his Aunte Gouernesse in his absence.

The Emperor elect parted from Brussells with a great and honorable traine, & came * 1.60 the 20. of October to Cologne, where the Princes Electors did attend him, and from * 1.61 thence they came to Aix la Chapelle: At his entry into the towne, the Knights of the or∣der of the Golden-fleece marched first, euery one in his ranck, according to his antiqui∣tie in the said order. After followed the Princes Electors: first the King of Bohemias Ambassador, the Archibishop of Ments, either of them with 700. horse: The Archbi∣shops of Cologne and Treues, either of them with 600. horse; the Cont Pallatin of Rhine, the Duke of Saxony, and the Marquis of Brandebourg, euery one of them with [ C] 600. horse. There were besides other great Princes which followed to do him honour and homage for their Seigniories: being accompanied with many Nobles and great traines. As the Duke of Iulliers, George Duke of Saxony, the Marquis of Baden, the Dukes Henry and Erick of Brunswick, brethren, euery one of them with 600. horse: the Bishop of Leege, the Duke of Lunebourg, father to the Duchesse of Geldre, the Earle of Emden, and his sonne the Lord of East-Friseland, the young Prince of Cleues, who was alwaies with the Emperor, the Earle of Saint Pol, and many others with a stately traine. Then the Ambassadors of the Kings of England, Poland, Hongarie, and Den∣marke, of the Venetians, the Dukes of Sauoy, of the Knights of Rhodes, and of the great Maister of Prussia. The Lady Marguerit his Aunte was in the traine with a goodly com∣pany of Princesses, Countesses, Ladies and Gentlewomen, euery one with her atten∣dance [ D] in goodly equipage. There were in all full 15000. horse, as well barded as archers, and those of the Emperors house-hold, Spaniards, Wallons, Germaines and other na∣tions; marching quite through ths Cittie, and going out at another Porte, to lodge a∣broad, for there was scarce roome in the Citty to lodge the Maisters. The Emperor approching neere the Porte, the Chanoins, and the foure orders of begging Friars went to meete him, conducting him to the great Church, which they call Charlemagnes Chappell, where in two dayes hee was annointed, sacred and crowned with the first Imperiall Crowne, the which was of Yron, with all the ancient ceremonies and solem∣nities accustomed; the which are particularly described in my great Chronicle. Hee remained fiue dayes in the citty of Aix, after his coronation, sending backe many No∣blemen [ E] Netherlanders, to prouide for the frontiers. Then hee returned to Cologne, and from thence to Maestricke.

About that time certaine ships (which they called Busses) being fishing for Hearing, were taken at sea by the commandement of the King of Denmarke, and carried to Cop∣penhagen. * 1.62 Adolph of Bourgongne Lord of Beueren, high Admirall to the Emperour, sent certaine deputies in his Maiesties name vnto the King. In this prise of ships there was one of La Vere in Zeeland, the which being seazed on by the Danes, a storme com∣ming, the Marriners of Zeeland became maisters of them, whom they kept close vnder hatches, vntill they had brought them to la Vere; where they were kept prisoners, vn∣till that the deputies had obtained a discharge for their ships from the King of Den∣marke: [ F] which done, the Admirall attired the Danes that were brought to la Vere, all new, and sent them home into Denmarke with good vsage. After that the Emperor was parted from Spaine to come into Germany to receiue the Imperial crowne, there

fell out great troubles, for that Don Piedro Giron and others, did rise in armes, by rea∣son [ A] of their freedomes and liberties, complaining of the seuere gouernment of the Lord of Cheures, whom the Emperour had left in Spaine, as if hee would giue all the offices of the Kingdome to the Netherlanders, and other strangers, excluding the naturall Spaniards. So beeing in great numbers both of horse and soote, they mar∣ched directly towards Valliodolit, where without striking stroake or any opposition, they carried away Queene Iane the Emperors Mother, and all the Councell priso∣ners to Tordesillas, distant but eight leagues from thence. The which Cardinall Adrian (borne at Vtrecht, who had sometimes beene the Emperors Scholemaster) see∣ing, hauing beene appointed gouernor with the Admirall of Castille, did leauy men al∣so, to make head against them, hauing first sommoned them by deputies, to submit them [ B] selues, and returne to their accustomed obedience, with promises of the Emperors speedy returne. To whome they made a bould and a presumptuos answere: that they did their duties to marry their Queene, widdow to King Philip•…•… & mother to the Empe∣ror, to the duke of Calabria, sonne to King Frederic expelled from Naples, to make him King of Castille. But being obstinate, and not willing to yeeld to any reason, they were surprized in Tordesillas, and the Queene deliuered out of their hands: so as some were punished with death, others banished.

When as Martin van Rossein Lord of Puydroien had discharged for a time the Of∣fice of gouernor of Friseland for the duke of Geldre, finding that the priuate gouer∣nors, captaines, and other Officers, sought more their owne priuate prosit, then the ser∣uice [ C] of their Prince, or the good of the common-weale, and not able to endure it, hee parted from Sneck and returned into Geldres, acquainting the duke with the causes for * 1.63 the which he would giue ouer his place. Wherevpon their was a new gouernor sent in∣to Friseland in his place, which was Christopher Earle of Maeurs, a man of great respect and authority. In the meane time the prolongation of the truce for a yeare beganne to weare away, wherevpon it was continued againe for two yeares more. During the which the Geldrois did not forbeare to rob and steale both by sea and land: the which the poore soules of the Bourguignon were faine to beare, beeing forced to obserue the Articles of the contract, so as in suffring they had nothing left them but that good∣ly vertue patience.

About the time of the Emperors coronation the Geldrois did carry themselues so [ D] insolently, as without respect of truce or any thing else, they tooke the towne of * 1.64 Nicuport, right against Schoonhouen in Holland, the which they did spoile and burne. The Bourguignons vanquished with impatience, pursued them, so as they tooke some prisoners, and among the rest some gentlemen of good houses, who were executed and layed vpon wheeles, as theeues and robbers. The Frisons of the Bourguignon party hea∣ring that the Emperor should hold an Imperiall diet at Wormes in Germany, sent * 1.65 their deputies thether, Kempo Martua a knight of the councell of Friseland, and Sy∣brand Roorda, to beseech his Imperiall Maiesty and the Princes of the Empire, that they might be once freed and deliuered from the oppressions, and outrages, which the Gel∣drois did them. To which petition they had a fauorable answere, the Emperor excus∣sing himselfe for that he had no sooner prouided for it: with promise to redresse it spee∣dily. [ E] Afterwards William of Rogendorf the Emperors Lieutenant in Friseland, was called away and discharged from his gouernment, & in his place was appointed George Schenck Baron of Tautenburch, who before had beene Drossart of Vollenhof, who came the 24. day of March to Leuwarden with ample commission. The sayd Lord of Rogendorf was made generall of the armie which Philip of Bourgongne Bishoppe of Vtrecht, sent to passe the Zuyderzee, and entred into Cuyndert, where hauing stayed some-time and made warre against the Geldrois, Frisons, they went on and came to Lemmer: whether the Earle of Maeurs the duke of Geldres lieutenant had afore sent some men, to stoppe his passage, if happily Rogendorf should offer it. Yet notwith∣standing [ F] any resistance, hee past there, chased the Geldrois, spoiled and ransomed Lemmer, and all the Sea-coast towardes the East. Rogendorf hauing thus past his troupes into Friseland, hee left Nicholas Wilderstroff to commaunde in his place, and

went to the Court at Brusselles. All this was done to vanquish and tire the Frison [ A] Geldrois, and to drawe them to the Emperours obedience. The Emperor thrust on by Pope Leo to suppresse the doctrine of Martin Luther, published in the same yeare 1521. his first bloudy Edict against them of the Protestants relligion, whome then by * 1.66 a generall terme they called Lutherans, which continued in the Netherlands vnto the * 1.67 yeare 1566. since which time vnto this day they haue called them Gueux, as in France Huguenots, as wee shall hereafter see, but the Spaniards yet call them by the name of Lutherans.

All this time the warre continued in Friseland, betwixt the Bourguignons vnder the command of the Baron of Tautenburche, in the name of the Emperour, hauing ioyned with the Bishop of Vtrechts forces vnder Nicholas of Wilderstorffe, against the * 1.68 [ B] Geldrois and Frison Geldrois; vnder the command of the Earle of Maeurs, of Collo∣nell Martin van Rossen, and Captaine Grand Pierre for the Duke of Geldres, vnto the yeare 1526. During the which there were many townes and castels taken and recoue∣red againe on eyther side; diuers incounters, skirmishes, and sieges raised; where-with the whole country was miserably afflicted and ruined, for if the poore country-men of eyther side would keepe any thing, they must of necessitie carrie it into the townes, from whence they might not retire it, when they would. Some writers speake diuersly of the causes and motiues of the warre betwixt the Emperour and the French King. But all concurre that the election of Charles, reuiued the old quarrels and bred new. The French King had alwayes an eye to the realme of Naples, hauing treated with Pope Leo for the recouerie thereof. Hee desired also to restore the King of Nauarre [ C] to his kingdome; seeing that the Emperour made no accoumpt to leaue it. On the other side the Emperor was not well pleased to pay the 100000. crownes pension to the French king, according to the accord made with the Lord of Cheures his Go∣uernour, ratified by the Emperour Maximilian his grand-father, for the rights pre∣tended by the French king vpon Naples; Hee did also beare the losse of the Duchie of Bourgongne impatiently, seazed vpon by king Lewis the eleuenth, after the death of Duke Charles his great Grand-father by the Mother side, slaine before Nancy: There wanted no quarrell also, touching the Duchie of Milan. As they were about to seeke occasions to assaile one another, there was one offered, small in shew at the beginning, but it was the fire-brand to kindle this flame; the which afterwards did [ D] thrust the greatest part of Europe into combustion, and made these two Princes, their successors and subiects so to afflict one another, as all the miseries that might be ima∣gined haue followed: and this was the occasion.

There was a sute betwixt the Lord of Aymerie and the Prince of Chimay of the * 1.69 house of Croy, for a Towne in the forrest of Ardennes, called Hierges; and a sentence giuen in fauour of Chimay, by the Peers of the Dutchie of Bouillon; who doe iudge soueraignely without any appeale from their sentences: yet the Lord of Aimery (who had great credit with the Emperor Charles, and the chiefe in Court) preuailed so, as he obtained letters from the Chancerie of Brabant, to call in the heyres of the Prince of Chimay, to appeare at a certaine day, and to heare the reasons of Aimery if need [ E] were, and to see the sentence giuen in their fauour disanulled. They seeing the wrong that was offered them, repaired to Robert of Marcke Duke of Bouillon, as to their Lord and Protector, that he might defend the liberties and priuiledges of his Duchie, being withall Tutor vnto Chimays children, hauing married their Aunte. Wherevpon the Duke did what he could possible to maintaine his rights: but seeing that they meant to depriue him, he addressed himselfe to the French king, with whom he found meanes to make his peace (being before in some disgrace with him) putting into his hands, both his person and his places, crauing fauour and support, that he might haue Iustice of the wrong done vnto his soueraigntie. Hauing thus prouided for his affaires, hee sent to defie the Emperor (the which was a great presumption for him, and he bought * 1.70 [ F] it full deerely) at the diet at Wormes, and soone after the Lord of Florenges his el∣dest sonne leuied 3000. foote and 500. horse in France, against the kings Procla∣mation: and went to besiege Vireton, a small towne in the country of Luxembourg.

Heerevpon the King of England hauing perswaded the French King, not to enter into [ A] quarrell for so small a subiect as that of Bouillon with the Emperour, matters were past ouer, and the Duke of Bouillon dismissed his Armie. But in the meane time the Emperour raised one, whereof the Earle of Nassau had the command, with the * 1.71 which he tooke Longues, Meusancourt, Fleuranges, Sanchy and Bouillon: where∣vpon the Duke finding himselfe too weake, obtained a truce of the Emperor, for sixe weekes onely.

The French King considering that the granting of this truce, was a secret declara∣tion of warre against him (for that if the Emperor had had no other desseigne but against the Duke of Bouillon, there had beene no need of any truce, hauing meanes to ruine him within sixe weekes) hee began in like sort to raise an Armie; solliciting * 1.72 the King of England to ioyne with him. The Emperour on the other side, hauing this [ B] ouerture, began to looke to himselfe, and both Armies went to field, attempting no∣thing yet one against the other: for the King of England hauing offered to be an ar∣bitrator of their quarrells, a parle was appointed at Calais, whether the Commissio∣ners of both parties came. But for that they did not yeeld vnto the Emperor the re∣stitution of the Duchie of Bourgongue, and the abolition of the homage of Flanders and Arthois which hold of the Crowne of France, there was nothing concluded. In the meane time the Lord of Liques a Wallon, made an enterprise vpon the Abbay of Saint Amant in Tournesis belonging to the Cardinall of Bourbon, and vpon a small Towne called Mortaigne not farre from thence, of the county of Holland. This [ C] Gentleman pretended these places to belong vnto him, and made himselfe Maister thereof. At the same instant the Lord of Fiennes Gouernor of Flanders, did besiege Tournay; of all which exploits the Emperour excused himselfe, saying, that they were * 1.73 priuate quarrels. But the King seeing that the Imperiall Armie (vnder colour that the truce with the Duke of Bouillon grew to an end) approched neere Mouson, hee sent some troupes thether, and so the warre began betwixt these two great Princes, both in Champaigne, Picardie, and else-where; all which I will forbeare to write of in this worke, both for that they do not properly concerne this subiect, as also being set downe at large in the Historie of France. George Schenck Gouernor of Friseland, with the Lords of Wastenare and Castre, hauing taken the fort of Warckom, and Mackom; the Townes of Dockom and Bolswaert, with some other forts holding the * 1.74 [ D] Geldrois party: they went to besiege the Towne of Sloten, the which they did batter furiously, and the besieged defended themselues as couragiously; so as in a sally which they made in the night, the Lord of Wassenare was shot in the arme, and the Gouer∣nor Schenck in the bottome of his belly, yet they remoued not out of the Campe. Those of the Towne, seeing there was no hope of succours, were forced to yeeld. The Earle of Maeurs being at Steenwyke, and hearing that the Bourguignons had taken Sloten, retired from thence vnder coulour that he went into Geldres (as he sayd) to the Duke, to seeke for succours. From Sloten the Gouernor Schenck went to besiege * 1.75 Lemmer, those within it dispairing of succours, yeelded it also, and the Castell was presently razed. Doctor Hubert Chancellor for the Duke of Gelders in Friseland, and Wyard of Bolswaert captaine of a ship, who had bin shut vp in Sloten, hauing their [ E] liberties vpon the yeelding vp of the place, thinking to goe to Steenwike, which was contrary to the capitulation, they were pursued and taken; and for that they had bro∣ken the accord, Captaine Wyard lost his head in the towne of Leewaerden, the Chan∣cellor for that hee was a Priest, was sent to the Lady Marguerite Gouernesse, who lod∣ged him in perpetuall prison at Rippelmonde, where he dyed.

This being thus performed by the Lords of Schenck, Wassenare & Castre, they went to besiege Steenwyck, which they tooke without any resistance: the soldiers that were there in garrison for the Duke of Geldres; hauing abandoned it, as soone as the Earle * 1.76 of Maeurs was departed; not daring to attend the Bourguignons, whom they did see [ F] winne all where they came. This towne thus wone, the gouernor with the aduice of the said Noblemen, caused a fort to be built there. Afterwards the lord of Wassenare died in the towne of Leewarden of the wound which he had receiued before Sloten, for the

which the Frisons did mourne greatly. He was buried with a great funerall pompe, af∣ter [ A] the maner of a martiall man, and greatly lamented of all men, carried into Holland, and buried in the Cloister of Preaching Friars at the Hage, by his ancestors. There re∣maines little to write of this warre of Friseland; for through the valour and diligence of the said Noblemen, all the country was in quiet, and reduced vnder the Emperors obedience, from Gheerskersbrugge vnto Staueren, hauing all taken the othe; and the Gouernor dismissed his soldiers with thankes: yet for that the Geldrois did yet hold the towne and country of Groningen, which were neuer quiet, nor satisfied with any reason: we will relate here-after what they did, and how Groningen was yeelded vnto the Emperor. This yeare the Geldrois entred with a small troope into Holland, euen vnto the ports of Leyden, spoiling all the villages thereabouts, euen the Hage it selfe, whereas the court remaines; and from thence they past into South-Holland, into the * 1.77 [ B] iurisdiction of Dordrecht, where they did not much lesse, returning brauely from whence they came, without any losse or aduenture. The Emperor Charles hearing the bad newes of the alteration that was in Spaine, against the Gouernors which hee had left there; after that he had consulted with the Princes Electors, and taken his leaue of * 1.78 them, and of the Noblemen Netherlanders, hauing disposed of his affaires there, hee parted towards the Iland of Walchren, being accompanied with a great number of Noblemen, Knights of the Order, and others: where finding a prosperous wind, he set saile, and toucht first in England; where hee concluded an alliance with Henry the 8. King of England, to marry with Mary his Daughter (being then but seauen yeares old) when she should come to age; but it succeeded not, as we shall see: from thence [ C] he set faile towards Spaine, where he arriued in few dayes without any aduenture: on∣ly one great ship of the fleete was burnt by chance, with the men, and many horses that were in it. After the Emperors departure out of the Netherlands, hee returned not in eight yeares, being much troubled to keepe those realmes in peace, vntill hee had left them an heire Male his successor to the crowne, Philip the second, father to Philip the third now raigning.

The Emperor being parted for Spaine, there fell out great troubles in Germany, the Pesants rising against the Nobility, abused with grosse errors: who being assembled * 1.79 in great numbers, did spoile many Abbayes, Cloisters, and religious houses: stealing all they could lay hand of, and committing a thousand outrages and insolencies, with∣out [ D] any subiect or reason, but onely stirred vp and seduced by certaine false Preachers, who said they had a reuelation from God, that they should roote out that tyranous Nobility, and enioy their full liberty. But God would not long suffer the brauery of these villaines: for the Cont Palatin the Archbishop of Mentz, & some other bishops, made a great leuie of horse and foote, and charged these poore miserable abused Pea∣sants, whom they defeated and put to rout. Their leader being taken, was publikely exe∣cuted, and the poore wretches that could escape from the battaile, returned euery one home to his house. The same yeare the Geldrois entred into the Mairie or iurisdicti∣on of Boisleduke, whom they forced by their spoiling and burning, to pay a contribu∣tion * 1.80 vnto the duke of Geldres. They of Boisleduke were not in the meane time idle: * 1.81 [ E] but soone after entred into the Iland of Bomel, and by their exploits reduced it vnder the Emperors obedience, wasting and spoiling that quarter, as much as the Geldrois had done their Mairie. Then the Geldrois did labour to enter into Stellingwerff, in the country of Friseland, to waste it. But the Gouernor Shenck, although he had but newly dismissed his troopes, taking some number of Pesants, who were presently in armes, he cut off their passage, and forced them to retire without any exploite doing. After that the Geldrois had thus played the gallants in the Mairie of Boisleduke, and they on the other side for their reuenge in the Iland of Bomell, there was a truce made betwixt the Emperor Earle of Holland, and Charles of Egmont Duke of Gelders: vpon condi∣tion that the money promised for contribution vnto the Duke, should be payd in the [ F] towne of Arnhem: and that which was promised vnto the Emperor by the Geldrois, should be paid vnto a receiuer appointed for that purpose at the Hage in Holland.

In the yeare 1526. Collonell Martin van Rossein, made warre for the duke of Geldres * 1.82

in Rydderlandt against the Earle of Emden, and began to fortifie Iemmingen: the [ A] country-men seeking to hinder it, and running without order, contrary to their Earle•…•… will and pleasure, were defeated; then with 4000. men hee besieged the Towne of Gryet, the which at the end of three weekes the Drossart yeelded vp vnto him with∣out any force: for the which hee was afterwards prisoner at Emden, and had not esca∣ped without the losse of his life, but by the meanes of his good friends. The Duke of Geldres affaires standing vpon these termes, the sayd Collonell did write vnto them of Groningen, to send him some supplies of men and munition, the better to maintaine himselfe. But the Gronningeois nor their neighbours would by any meanes yeeld to it: saying, That the Earle of Emden was their very good friend, and had not deserued any such vsage. So as for want of succors from the Groningeois, the Geldro is were for∣ced to make an accord with the East-Frisons; by the which the Duke of Geldres did [ B] restore the towne of Gryet to the Earle of Emden.

The Duke of Geldres did not easily forget the succours which the Groningeois had * 1.83 refused him; but sought some occasion to bee reuenged. About Aprill, in the yeare 1526. hee sent one of his Captaines called Meynard van Ham, a lame man, towards Dam, with some soldiars, commanding the peasants there-abouts, to come and to helpe to fortifie it. The Duke had drawne these souldiers out of the country of Hol∣steyn, to the end it might seeme, that it was not his action; but the Duke of Holsteyns. Wherevpon the Groningeois made a Proclamation; forbidding the peasants vpon paine of fiering their villages and houses, not to aide nor worke at this fortification in [ C] any sort whatsoeuer. Wherevpon the third of May, Meynard van Ham caused all the * 1.84 suburbes of the towne of Groningen to bee burnt: whereof the Inhabitants neuer drempt: there was great slaughter done, and many men made poore: there were 30. ships also burnt, the fire whereof flew ouer the Rampart, and burnt fiue houses in the Towne. Some dayes after hee returned, and burnt in like sort the suburbes of the ports Ebbing and Boteringe, who hauing committed all the outrage they could, they reti∣red to Dam. The Groningeois not knowing what to doe to this troope of souldiers, nor well whose they were; writ vnto the Duke of Geldres, that there were enemies entred into their countrie, the which did pittifully spoile and burne them: wherefore they desired to know if it were done with his priuitie and consent, as some did boldly say, the which not-with-standing (they sayd) they could not beleeue. To which let∣ters [ D] they had no good answer: wherevpon there was a day of meeting appointed in the towne of Essen, whither the Duke of the Groningeois sent their Deputies to re∣concile their differences: the which could not be done, for that the Duke would build a Cittadell within their Towne, and the Dam might be fortified: where-vnto they would by no meanes yeeld. Herevpon the Consuls of the Towne and of the coun∣trie (which they call Ommelandes) writte vnto the Lady Marguerite, Dutchesse Dowager of Sauoy, Aunte to the Emperour, and Gouernesse of the Netherlands; shewing vnto her the great wrong and violence that was done vnto them by the Duke of Geldres men; offering to submit themselues to the Emperours obedience, * 1.85 and to pay vnto him such yearely tribute as they were accustomed to pay vnto the [ E] Duke of Geldres; if it should please her greatnesse in the Emperours name, to vn∣dertake their protection and defence against the sayd Duke and all other enemies: the which the said lady did accept with an honorable acknowledgment, promising to free them very speedily: the deputies hauing receiued good entertainment in all places, re∣turned home ioyfully. The Dutchesse would not loose this goodly occasion, but taking hold therof, did presently leuie men, the which she sent into Frisland with an expresse charge to Schenck Baron of Tautenbourg, gouernor of the coūtry, to vse all care in that action: marching presently to Groningen, and there to receiue an othe of the Bourge∣sies, and swearing likewise vnto them in the Emperors name. Schenck according to his * 1.86 [ F] charge marched towards Groningen, where he receiued the said towne in the Empe∣rors name, in S. Walburges church the 7. of Iune, whereof he tooke possession, & receiued their homages. This done Schenke made hast to besiege Delfzeel, which the Geldrois held and had halfe fortified. The Duke of Holsteyn (with whom the Duke of Gel∣ders

had made a league) sent two thousand foote to succour it, and to raise the siege. [ A] But Schenck hauing prouided for the gard of his campe, the Inhabitants of Groningen * 1.87 & some peasants; went to incounter the troupes in Westerwollingerlandt, whome the third day following, on Saint Iames day, he quite defeated, George van Manster, Drossart of Wedden was taken, and many gentlemen with him. The Drossart was carried to Leewarden, and the rest of the prisoners to Groninghen.

The Geldrois that were in Dam seeing Delfzyel yeelded, and the succors which they expected from the Duke of Holsteyn defeated; began to parle, demaunding a safe retreat; the which was granted them by the Gouernor Schenck; vppon condition that * 1.88 they should depart with white wands in their hands, and deliuer their Captaines Meinard van Hem and Bernard van Hackfort, the which they did willingly, and depar∣ted [ B] the fifth of September according to the composition, the Gouernor causing the fort which they had made at Dam to be presently laied euen with the ground. This done, the Castell of Wedden was besieged, the which was also yeelded vnto Schenck, * 1.89 vpon condition to haue their liues and goods saued; the besieged being out of all hope of succors, from thence he returned to Groninghen, to see his wife and Ladie Iane of Egmont, who attended him there: hauing sent his troupes in the meane time to be∣siege the Towne and Castell of Coeuoerden and Kinckhost whether he himselfe went * 1.90 after some daies, hauing lyen about two monethes before Coeuoerden, the Drossart Selbach yeelded it, vpon condition to depart with their Armes and baggage, where ha∣uing placed a good garrison; the said Gouernor Schenck hearing that there were some [ C] Geldrois in troupe neere vnto Deuenter, he caused his men to marche that waie, tooke the towne of Diepenhem the twenty nine of Nouember, and the next daie the Castell of Kinckhost neere vnto Meppel, the which was also yeelded vnto him, whereas Captaine Magreheyn was taken prisoner. The Duke of Gelders seeing that all things succeeded all for him in Freezeland, and that the towne and countrie of Groninghen, * 1.91 the Drent and Dwent were in the Emperors hands, he began to growe weary of his toile and charge, knowing well that the more he made warre, the more he lost. He re∣solued therefore (and wisely for himselfe) to make an hereditary accord with the house of Bourgongne, the which was done, and proclaimed in Groninghen, before the State∣house the 17. of December in the yeare 1326. to the great content of the whole coun∣trie, [ D] being tyred in the forepassed warres: so as by that meanes there was throughout all the country of Freezeland and Groninghen a most desired peace, the which had not continued so long for 200 yeares before, which was from that time vnto the yeare 1568. that the Duke of Alua entred into those countries. In the same yeare was pub∣lished by the Emperor, the second bloudy Edict against the Protestants of the refor∣med * 1.92 religion, which they called Lutherans, by vertue whereof many were burnt or otherwise executed in the Netherlands.

In the yeare 1527. there fell out a great tumult in the Towne of Vtrecht, the in∣habitants & men of trade hauing taken armes: would needs know the reason why they * 1.93 had banished some, & wherefore they had forbiddē handicrafts men to vse their trades, [ E] within the circuit of any Abbay, (whereof there are many in that towne) whereby the poore commons lost their profit, who hauing no meanes to set vp any shoppe, who had beene wont to labour and get their liuings there, moreouer the Magistrates and Councell had promised to furnish their Bishop with a great some of money, to be payed at two payments, where-vppon they did ouer charge the commons with impositions who required that all the inhabitants of the towne in generall, as well Gentlemen, Clergie men, as others, should contribute euery man according to his portion: requiring also that the Clergie might paie their parts of the assises and customes as well as they, the which remained long in suspence, vntill that the Bishop tooke the matter in hand, granting great priueledges vnto the Bourgesses, confirming [ F] them by his authenticall letters vnder his seale. But the Colledge would not contri∣bute anything, which made the Bourgesses to mutine againe and to rise against the Clergie, being incouraged and prickt forward by some turbulent spirits, that were ill affected to the publike quiet; the which moued the Bishop to reuoake, and disanull

the priuiledges which he had giuen them, and then to retire to his Castell of Wyck, [ A] whereas hee made his ordinary aboad. Afterwards offering to returne into the towne; some seditious men denied him the entry; others sent to the Duke of Geldres to come and succour them, and to be their Protector, offering to open the gates vnto him. The Duke (who was a stirring Prince, and desirous of innouations) came with all speed * 1.94 with a good number of horse and foote: where hauing taken some order for his safety and for theirs that had called him; hee left the Earle of Maeurs there for his Lieute∣nant, with a good number of men: and then all the Bishops Cleargie, and those that held his party, were chased out of the Towne, and most of their goods spoiled. Those that remained newters, and medled with neither party, liued quietly in their houses. The Bishop seeing this, built a Fort at Vaert vpon the banke of the riuer of Leck, right against the towne of Vianen, the which hee did man with a good garrison, as also the [ B] Castell of Abcoude; cutting off all approches to the Towne, and all their victuals, keeping them so straightly in, as the people fell into great misery and pouerty: for within they were exceedingly opprest by the Duke of Geldres soldiers; and without their victuals were cut off from them. The which hauing made knowne vnto the duke, he came with certaine horse and foote, and victualed the towne a little, but the com∣mon people tasted least thereof.

The Geldrois being thus in Vtrecht would not liue idlely, but went in the night and * 1.95 surprized the Towne of Harderwyck held by the Hollanders, the which the Duke thinking to keepe (for it was belonging vnto the Duchie of Geldres) he manned with a good garrison, from whence they made ordinary roades into Holland, both by sea & [ C] land, being a sea towne vpon the Zuyderzee. Once among the rest these Geldrois of Vtrecht, with some Bourgesses & inhabitants of the towne (hauing gathered together a great number of Barkes and Boates) entred with them into Holland, running as farre as the Hage, whereas the Court and prouinciall councell remained: one halfe of the soldiers kept the barkes, whilest that the other went to their exploit. Comming to the Hage with Burguignon crosses, the inhabitants at the first doubted no harme, thinking they had beene the Emperors men which came to gard the place, but being in the mid∣est of the Bourg, and vpon the market place, striking vp their drums they began to crie * 1.96 Geldre, Geldre, where with the inhabitants were so amazed, as (fearing no enemy) eue∣ry man fought to saue himselfe: the soldiers spoiling them all, carried their booty vnto [ D] their boates, and besides they did ransome it from fire, with the paiment of many thou∣sands of Florins, and so they returned to Vtrecht without any let or incounter.

The Duke of Geldres did also take Rhenen, belonging to the bishop of Vtrecht: and there caused a Castle to be built: he did in like sort seaze vpon the castle of Horst, into the which hee put good garrisons, thinking to make them his owne hereditarily. He did also much harme to the countries of Oueryssel, with the forts which he caused to be built by the townes of Campen, Deuenter, and Swolle, whom the soldiers did afflict daily with their spoiles and burning; So as in the end these townes with the consent of their Bishop, demanded succours from the Emperor, who accepted them, [ E] vpon condition, that the Bishop should yeeld and transport vnto him all the temporall iurisdiction of his country and diocesse of Vtrecht, giuing him some yeerely pension during his life: wherevpon George Schenck Baron of Tautenbourg, came into the quar∣ter of Oueryssell, and besieged the towne of Hasselt, whereas the Earle of Emden was also in the Emperours seruice, who did so batter this towne with this Canon, as there was scarce a house left whole. The besieged hauing long held out, and done their parts in the defence thereof, seeing that the Duke sent them no succours, they yeelded it vp, to haue their liues and goods saued. The Duke had promised to free them from this siege, and went and shewed himselfe before Hasselt; but hearing that it was yeelded, he retyred himselfe: from thence the Earle of Buren and the Baron Schenck went and camped before the towne & castell of Hattem, in the country of Gel∣ders, * 1.97 [ F] the which they had by composition, suffring them to depart with bagge and bag∣gage. Then the towne of Harderwyck was also yeelded vpon the same conditions, onely the horsemen left their horses. They tooke also the towne of Rhenen againe,

which the Geldrois had abandoned, flying away, and therefore they did no harme vnto [ A] the towne.

This done, they seized vpon many places, castells and forts, to the number of one * 1.98 and twenty. Among others of the fort of Koeborch, whereas all were put to the sword, the castell of Hulckensteyn, the Block-house which was vpon the blacke wa∣ter neere vnto Hasselt, and the castell of Amerongen betwixt Vtrecht and Rhenen, the castell of Ham neere to Vtrecht, the castell of Droern, with diuers other castells. The townes of Hasselt, Rhenen, Hattem, Eleburch and Harderwyke, the duke of Gel∣dres hunting house, Leuendale and Altena and others were burnt: the castell of Deyn neere to Amersfort and Puy droyen were burnt and ruined, of the which Martin van Rossen was Lord. This done the Emperors army stayed a while in the Veluwe, and from thence went to besiege the towne of Tyel; whether the duke of Geldres had [ B] sent 700. men, who with-stood many assaults, and defended themselues very valiantly, so as they were forced to raise their campe, and to leaue the place, for that there fell so much raine, as the Canons did sinke aboue their carriages. At that time two companies belonging to the Bishoppe of Vtrecht, entred into the countrie of Gel∣dre, into the Veluwe, to go to the Picoree. The Geldrois hauing layed an ambushe for them, went to skirmish with them, then making a shewe to flie, the Traiectins fol∣lowed them into the Ambuscadoe, where as the Geldrois discouering them they charged them of all sides, and defeated them, taking all prisoners and disarming them. Then the captaine of the Geldrois sayd vnto his souldiars. Companions remember Koeborch, where our men were all murthered or hanged, which they hearing, fell vp∣on [ C] these poore prisoners and killed them all in cold bloud.

In the same yeare 1528. in September, some Collonels brought two thousand Spa∣nish * 1.99 souldiars out of Spaine, who through contrary windes and great tempests were * 1.100 almost sixe monethes at sea: hauing refresht themselues a while, they were sent for a supplie to the Emperors men which made warre in Geldres. At the same time the duke of Geldres gathered togither certaine men at Ruremonde, Venloo, and the Villages there abouts; making fiue companies, of the which Henry van Wyssche was Collonell, sending them into the Mairie of Boisleduke to wast it. T•…•…yerry Barron of Batenbourg was then in Boisleduke, Lieutenant to the Earle of Buren, who hea∣ring that the Geldrois were so neere him, gathered togither some foote men out of [ D] the neere garrisons, and hauing armed all the countrie-men, went to charge the Geldrois, whome hee defeated, beeing all in a manner slaine or taken prisoners: so as there returned fewe to their houses, for they were pursued euen to the bankes of the riuer of Meuze, where many were drowned. Those of Boisleduke tooke many har∣guebuzes a crock, many ladders and hardels to passe ouer the ditch, leuers of iron, which they call goates-feete, and cords to binde the poore, peasants, and to carry them away prisoners. They had also great store of victualls and munition, meaning to make some stay there for the doing of some exploite: but the chance turned. These newes being come to Ruremonde, there was great lamenting, poore women for their hus∣bands, and children for their fathers. [ E]

At the same time that the Emperours army did rise from before Tyel, the Barron Schenck hauing surprised the towne of Zutphen: some Geldrois that were there in armes to repulse him, were slaine. The souldiars that were within Tyel, during the siege, had beene before in the castell of Hattem when it was yeelded by composition, and had sworne not to carry armes for one month against the Emperor: these soldiars came to Megen and made a fort within the towne: whilest that the garrison was * 1.101 gone forth to conuoy certaine wagons laden with wine, which the Geldrois had appointed to goe to Os and Nieulant: those of Boisleduke sent the Earle of Burens troupe, with a hundred horse, to cut them off, and withal to dislodge them from Megen; [ F] but without any stay, they abandoned the place, flying away with their booty, & the pri∣soners they had taken there abouts. The same yeare in May was burnt the goodly vil∣lage of Scherpenisse in the Island of Tolen in the territory of Saint Martins dyke in Zeeland.

In the same yeare those of Franc and Bruges set out some ships of warre against the [ A] French, among the which there were some of Zeeland. Being at sea there was a ship of Scluse in Flanders, which had her maine mast carried ouer-bord with a cannon shot, before Deepe. The Diepois seeing this, went out of their hauen, and pursued this shippe thinking to take it: but the Admirall of the Flemings behaued himselfe so va∣liantly, as he preserued his owne ship, and sunke the chiefe of the French ships, which they sayd was the Admirall of Deepe, where there perished many gentlemen and Bourgeses of Deepe: the other Frenchmen seeing this, left the Flemings in peace who returned victors to Scluse. Whilst that the Emperors men were thus busied in the country of Geldres, some Burgeses of Vtrecht assembled secretly togither, to prouide for the good of the poore commons, who they did see so opprest by the Geldrois soldi∣ars that were there in garrison, as it was not possible to endure them any longer. These [ B] good Burgeses imbracing the oportunity of the Earle of Maeurs absence, who was Lieutenant to the duke of Geldres and Collonel of those soldiars, who was gone to fetch money: they consulted by what meanes they might drawe in the Bishops men, who was the naturall Lord of that towne. Some of them went to Amersfort to con∣ferre with the Bishoppe, who was much amazed and exceeding glad: and for that hee would loose no occasion he gaue them William Turc with his company, and part of the garrison of Vaert: beeing in all foure enseignes the which all togither made a stand vpon the Black water, vntill they had newes of the Intelligences which they had with∣in * 1.102 the towne of Vtrecht: most of the garrison beeing then runne for the pillage into the quarter of Goyland, where they tooke great spoyles. At their returne, the Bi∣shops [ C] men hauing cut off their passage, incountred them and defeated them, and tooke their bootie from them, with many prisoners. In this manner the Bishoppes men staying vntill the next daie, kept all from passing, to giue them aduertisement in the towne.

The next morning at the opening of the porte a woman went forth with a basket on her arme, who gaue notice vnto the Bishoppes men, that the soldiars of the towne had most of them left the gard, and were gone to sleepe, and therefore when as Saint Iames his clock did strike, they might approach boldly, and that they should finde all things prepared to giue them entrie vnto the towne. So the second of Iulie in the yeare 1528. the Bishops men came to the port, which they found wide open, so as [ D] many entred. The watch which stood in sentinell vpon the port, perceyuing this, * 1.103 let downe the Portcullies: but presently fiue or sixe men of Vaert with Axes and Hatchets, cut in sunder the beames; so as the soldiars entred with the Horsemen, and marched into the towne without any Incounter or let, vntill they came to the Friars: where some Geldrois soldiars beeing gathered togither, thought to repulse them: but it was in vaine, for the Bishoppes men were to strong for them, who slue foure and twenty of those Geldrois, and tooke three hundred and fifty prisoners. The Earle of Maeurs (who was returned the day before) was taken prisoner, with some others, who by the treaty of peace, were afterwardes set free. The soldiars which [ E] had the gard of the gates fled, and so did some Burgeses partisans to the Geldrois. The banished men of the towne, which had alwaies held the Bishops partie, returned with him: before the conclusion of the peace, there were twelue chiefe men of the * 1.104 town executed by Iustice, and two Chanoins put into a sack & cast into the riuer. The Bishop had put more to death, if the Earle of Hochstraten, who came that day from Vianen, had not preuented the mischiefe. The soldiars spoyled al the houses of the Gel∣drois partisans, breaking open dores and windoes, and taking vp the flowers and plan∣chers of houses, to see if there were no money hidden, where they found much, doing moreouer great outrages vnto the Burgeses. Notwithstanding the towne of Vtrecht was thus happely deliuered from the oppressions and extorsions of the Geldrois sol∣diars. For if they had continued there longer; it was to be feared that the towne had [ F] beene besieged, and that it had beene forced to endure more to the ruine of their good∣ly houses and the losse of their goods.

The town of Vtrecht being by this means come into the Emperors hāds (according to

the accord made the Bishoppe for the temporall Iurisdiction of the said Countrie) [ A] there was a Nobleman sent from the Court at Brussells to do iustice vpon the rebels and to pacefie all partialities and mutynies: and the better to keepe them in obedience and awe, theie bulit a Cittadell by Saint Katherines port, which was called Vereden∣bourg, that is to say the Castell of peace, the which from that time continued vnto the yeare. 1577. that many Cittadells and Castells in diuers parts of the Netherlands were ruined, as wee shall heareafter shew. The Emperors armie beeing returned from Tyes: there was a meeting appointed in the Towne of Gorrichom, betwixt the Duke of Gelders and the Bishop of Vtrecht, whether came commissioners on the Emperors behalfe and for the Duke of Gelders: for the Emperor came the Earles of Buren and Hochstraten, the Bishop of Palermo Chancelor, and the Audiencier or Secretarie: [ B] for the Duke of Gelders came Henry Kiespennick, Rolland Kerckelandt and Veressen, who * 1.105 after much debate, in the end concluded a good peace, betwixt the Duke of Gelders on the one part, and the Bishop of Vtrecht on the other, and the Emperor being ioyned to the said Bishop: and also for his owne particular, touching the temporall Iurisdic∣tion of Vtrecht, which accord conteyned many articles, the which wee omitte to auoyd tediousnes. By the which the Earle of Maeurs and Doctor Wynant were de∣liuered without ransome, beeing taken prisoners at Vtrecht and a time lymited for the banished men of Vtrecht and Swoll to returne home to their houses, for the confirmation of which accord and peace, there went to Brusselles the Earles of Buren and Hochstraten, and the Baron Schencke for the Emperor and the Bishop of Vtrecht: and for the Duke of Gelders, Iohn van rossem Lord of Brouchuysen, Doctor Erckelens [ C] and others, who finding not the Lady Marguerite Douager of Sauoy, the Emperors sister and gouernesse of the Netherlands at Brusselles, theie went vnto her to Macklyn: whereas the said Ladies Councell in the Emperors name, and the Dukes Councell in their maisters name did sweare the said peace in Sainte Peeters Churche. The Queene vsed the Dukes Comissioners very honourably, giuing to euerie one of them a faire Cup full of golden Carolus, who returning by Antwerp, went to make report vnto their Prince, whereof hee was exceeding ioyfull. A while after the Duke sent Martin van Rossem Lord of Puydroyen to the French King, to aduer∣tise him of the peace hee had made with the Emperour, where-with the King was well pleased. [ D]

In the yeare 1529. Henry of Bauaria Bishop of Vtrecht, discontented with the * 1.106 warres, and seeing himselfe thus depriued of the temporall Iurisdiction of the said Bishopricke, which the Emperor had gotten into his possession, resigned his Bishop∣pricke in Iuly, into the hands of Pope Clement the 7. going to gouerne the Bishopricke of Wormes, after they had beene at Vtrecht fiue yeares, to which Bishopricke there was aduanced an ancient man called William van Engueuoort, borne in Brabant, Cardi∣nall and Bishop of Tortona in Spaine, who being at Rome, tooke posession of the said Bishopricke of Vtrecht, by his Atorney: leauing Iohn Vtenengen his vicegerent to go∣uerne * 1.107 it, whether hee neuer went, but died foure yeares after in Rome in the yeare 1533. A Peace beeing concluded betwixt the Emperour and the French King in [ E] the yeare 1529. the Emperour arriued with a great fleete at Genoa where hee had newes of the Peace concluded at Cambray, the which did amaze all the Princes of Italie, fearing they should bee now abandoned by the French: whose entrie into Bologne, I haue thought good to describe, for the statelynesse thereof, although it doth not concerne our subiect.

The Emperour Charles the fifth went towards Bologna la grassa, whereas Pope * 1.108 Clement was then resident; beeing neare the Cittie, fiue and twenty Cardinalls went to meete his Maiestie, comming neere him, they all lighted to doe their duties vnto him; then they tooke their moyles againe, conducting him into the Cittie, hauing of either side of him the Cardinalls of Ancona and Farneze, entring into the Cittie, [ F] there marched first 300. light horse in a liuerie; after came ten great Canons with their pioners, carrying euery one a Lawrell branche, then the Captaines well mounted, Don Anthonio de Leua followed with some field pieces, being carried in a Carosse trimmed

with tawney veluet, hauing with him foureteene enseignes of Germaine foote: after [ A] the which marched two Noblemen in complete armes and their horses barded, be∣fore whome were carried two Standards of cloth of gold with an Eagle in the mi∣dest, and betwixt those two was an other Standard of watchet satten with a red crosse, which the Pope had sent vnto the Emperor. The Earle of Rieux Lord Steward of his house was next, accompanied with three hundred men at armes, all in cassakes of one liuerie, yealow, red and blew: then the Grandos and Noblemen of Spaine with foure hundred horses barded. After them fiue and twenty pages of honour belong∣ing to the Emperor, all in cloth of gold, mounted vpon Genets of Spaine, richly fur∣nished, then sixe hundred halbardiers all apparelled in yealow, in the middest of whome marched the Emperor vnder a canopy of cloth of gold, beeing mounted vp∣on a Hungarien horse with a rich caparison, hauing the bit and his stirrops of mas∣sie [ B] gold, being armed vnder his coate of armes with cloath of gold, his Marshall went before him carrying a naked sword in his hand: about his horse went fiue and twen∣tie Bollonian gentlemen on foote, all in white satten dublets cut vpon cloath of gold, and breeches of chrimson veluet. The Earle of Nassau came after also with foure score men at armes, and a great traine of Nobility: then others attired in di∣uers liueries to the number of two thousand horse, and behinde, six companies of Spa∣nish shot, all in yealow.

The Emperor beeing entred into that cittie, they brought him a crosse of gold, the which he kist. The Pope was carried out of his Pallace vnto Saint Petronelles Church, [ C] where hee did sit downe in his pontificall seate, with his Cardinalls about him. The Emperor approching neere the staires, lighted from his horse, withall his No∣blemen, who marched vnder his canopie, vntill hee see where the Pope was sitting, * 1.109 who made three curtesies vnto the Emperour, and hee kneeling downe kist the Popes feete, and then rysing hee kist his hand and his face: then all the Noblemen followed and kist the Popes feete: which done, he rose out of his chaire, and kist the Emperor three times of the cheeke: saying. I cry you mercie, and yeeld my selfe vnto you, it was not my desire that you should kisse my feete, but to obserue the accustomed ceremonies at the coro∣nation of Emperors.

The two and twenty of February in the yeare 1530. the Emperor hauing staied al∣most three monthes in Bolognia, all things beeing prepared and made ready, after ma∣ny [ D] ceremonies, hee was anointed and crowned King of Lombardy, the Pope setting a * 1.110 crowne vpon his head, which they call the crowne of steele. The two and twenty day * 1.111 of the same month, the Pope beeing in the Church, the Emperor was conducted the∣ther, with great pompe and state. First marched the pages and gentlemen of his house∣hold and of his chamber: Earles, Marquises, Dukes and Princes, euery one in his de∣gree; then the Officers of his house. The Kings at armes and Heralds of the Emperor of France, England and Sauoy. Then the Stewards of his house with their staues. The Marquis of Montferrat followed, sumptously apparelled, carrying the scepter. The duke of Vrbin carried the sword in a sheath of pure gold, inritched with pretious stones. The Count Palatin carried the Globe, and the Duke of Sauoy carried the Imperiall crowne. [ E]

The Emperour marched after, carrying vpon his head the crowne of Lombardie, beeing followed by all the Ambassadors of Kings and Princes: After whome came the Councellors and Secretaries of State. Before that the Emperor entred into the Church, hee was receiued and led into a Chappell by the Deane and Chanoins of Saint Peeters Church at Rome, beeing come expresly thether: where the Empe∣ror tooke the accustomed oth in the handes of a Cardinall. Then after many o∣ther ceremonies, and change of Ornements, after that hee had beene anoynted, hee was led before the Pope sitting in his pontificall seat, doing a great obeysance vnto him, wherevpon the Pope came downe in his coape, and went towards the Alter [ F] to celebrate the masse. Then was the Emperor set in a stately throne: and all the markes which these Princes carried, were set vpon the Altar, vntill the Epistle of the masse was sung.

Then the Emperor was brought before the Pope, where hee kneeled downe. The Pope drawing forth the Imperiall sword, sayd vnto him, Accipe gladrum &c. The deacon [ A] which did helpe to say masse, hauing taken it out of the Emperors hands, put it in∣to the scabberd and deliuered it vnto the Pope, who hunge it at the Emperors side: who rising vp, drew it forth three times and set the point vnto the ground and then put it vp againe. Then the Pope deliuered into the Emperours hands the scepter and the globe, vsing at eyther time many wordes and ceremonies. In the end hee set the Imperiall crowne vpon his head, giuing him the true titles of an Emperour. The Emperor hauing beene thus adorned withall the Imperiall markes, hee deliuered vnto these Princes the crowne, the scepter and the globe, with the Imperiall roabe, and in his cassacke and bare headded, hee went to offer at the Popes feete, as many pee∣ces of gold and siluer, as he was yeares old. All beeing ended, he was attired with his [ B] Imperiall Ornaments, and carryed backe to his throne. And then the Pope and the Em∣peror returned both on hors backe vnder one canopie to the Pallace.

The Emperor Charles beeing thus crowned, hauing setled the affaires of Italie, par∣ted * 1.112 two and twenty daies after his coronation, to goe to an Imperiall diet appointed at Ausbourg, the first of May, whether came the Prince Electors and many other Prin∣ces of the Empire, Earles, Barons, Bishoppes and Prelates. Where the Emperor ar∣riued with the King of Hungary his brother, and the Cardinall Campege on the Popes behalfe the thirteenth of Iune. And as it seemed that this diet was principally held for matters of relligion, after that Cardinall Campege had made his oration, and the Ambassadors of Austria layed open their greuances; the Prince Elector of Saxony, [ C] George of Brandenbourg, the duke of Lunebourg and the Landgraue of Hessen, as well in their owne names, as of other Earles, Noblemen and Imperiall townes, be∣sought the Emperor to heare the confession of their doctrine, but hee on the other side, commaunded them to deliuer it vp in writing: and they still prest to haue au∣dience, * 1.113 the which beeing denied them, they still insisted, for that it toucht their ho∣nors, liues and goods, yea the helth of their soules wherein it may bee they had o∣therwise informed him then was true. Wherevpon the Emperour commaunded them to come the next daie to his lodging: but hee would needes haue the writing deliuered, the which was donne the next day both in Lattin and Dutch, offring to expound it, if there were any thing either to obscurely, or too breefly set downe, [ D] and if the matter could not bee decided, they refuzed not a councell. The Empe∣perour gaue the Duke of Saxonies confession to the other Noble Princes, to iudge thereof, who deliuered them into the handes of their Doctors, whereof Faber and Eckius were the chiefe, who writ against, and confuted the sayd con∣fession.

Vpon this confession of their faith, there were diuers disputations, betwixt the doctors of the Protestant Princes, and many townes which did adhere vnto them, * 1.114 and the Popish deuines. The Emperor in many things would interpose his autho∣rity and absolute power, wherevnto the Protestant Princes did oppose. Many con∣ferences were held betwixt the doctors of both relligions, the which did not passe [ E] without some bitternesse, in the which the Princes themselues were actors: so as the Protestants could not obtaine any thing. Therefore their Ambassadors (seeing that they could not preuaile in any thing, but what pleased their Aduersaries,) did write vnto the States of the Empire, wherein they did breefly lay open what had beene done, intreating them that in the end of the decree, they should not adde the names of their Princes with the rest, (for they had made a kinde of decree as if all had consen∣ted therevnto) And for that they had gotten nothing, by their solliciting for peace, they declared that they could not possibly contribute any thing to the warres a∣gainst the Turke: Moreouer for that it is sayd by the decree, that those onelie should haue place in the Parliament and Chamber of the Empire, which had allowed and •…•…signed it, they intreated that this Article might be reformed or els they would not •…•…ntribute any thing to the charges of the sayd Chamber. Hauing made this protesta∣tion, euery one retired to his owne home.

In the sayd yeare 1530. the first of Nouember, there was so great a Tempest at sea, * 1.115 [ A] with a North-west winde, and the tide was so high at Noone-day, as the water ouer-•…•…lowed the bankes in many places, although it were not the time of full sea by two houres, with which tempest and spring-tide, there were ouer-flowne and drow∣ned in Holland, Zeeland, Friseland, Brabant and Flanders (as some haue obserued and left in writing) foure hundred and foure Parishes, yet Holland and Zeeland, were most damnefied. In the Island of Zuy-beuelandt, the quarter on the East-side was all drowned, within eighteene villages. The Towne of Romerswaell, the castell of Lodycke and the Scluse of Cre•…•…ke was all carried away. The quar∣ter of the West-side, which is diuided with a dike that runnes crosse the Island, where the towne is scytuated, with many goodly villages, was likewise drowned, and a peece of the towne gate was carried away with the violence of the water. The [ B] Island of Noorbeuelandt did suffer verie much, first neere vnto Loo, right against Wissen-kerke: the daie following the sayd tempest, the Scluse of Bomvlyet, betwixt Emelisse and the towne Cortgeen, was also carried away, so as in lesse then three daies, all the countrie was vnder the water. The towne of Cortgeen, Cats, Eme∣lisse and other villages were wone from the sea, and they were in hope to recouer them the sommer following, but they could not, vntill the yeare 1597. that Count Philippe of Hohenlo, husband to the Ladie Marguerite of Nassau, recouered them and walled them, in the name of his wife. The Island of •…•…houwe was also peerst through in diuers places. The wall was broken in three or foure places about Bor∣dendam, [ C] Burch and Hamstede, so as the whole countrie was couered with waters for eighteene daies togither, but the Inhabitants of Ziricxe caused the breaches to bee repayred with great labour and cost. The Island of Duyuelandt was also ouer-flowne in diuers places, so as the whole country, and causies thereof (which in their vulgar tongue they call Poldres) were all ouer-flowne, except the quarter of •…•…heeren-Islandt. In the Island of Annelandt there was the like wrack by inundation: the which not∣withstanding was soone recouered. The Ile of Tolen did also feele of it, whereas the bankes were wonderfully broken, but soone repaired againe. In the countrie of Bors∣seles which was defended on the side of Zuydbeuelandt had six parishes drowned, the which remained all winter subiect to the ebbing and flowing of the sea. The Island of Philippelandt was in the like case. In the countrie of the newe and olde Tonge, [ D] there were certaine Poldres or Causeis ouer-flowne, but they were soone reco∣uered againe.

By reason of these tempests and vnreasonable tides, there was so great a desolation throughout all the countrie of Zeeland, and else where, as it can hardly bee described: for there was an incredible number of al sorts of cattell, as Horses, Oxen, Kyne, Sheepe, Swine and other beastes swalloed vp in the sea: manie faire country houses, and farmes with their barnes full of corne, were ouerthrowne and carried away with the violence of the water. But that which was most lamentable, manie men women and children were drowned, and could by no meanes be releeued. Many rich men keeping good houses, and possessing great lands, were vtterly ruined by these inundations; and who before were accustomed to be serued, were now forced to go and serue, and to la∣bour [ E] for others; some were faine to begge their bread: a pittiful thing to behold. Those that could saue themselues from the furie of the waters, being come into the neighbor quarters of Zeeland died languishing with greefe, and others with want and miserie. Many villages in the Island of Zuydbeuelandt remaine vnto this day in the botome of the sea: and of all the East quarter there remaines nothing but the towne of Romers∣wael, the which through the mallice of these last ciuill warres, is now very disolate, whereas it was wont to bee a good and a rich towne. The six villages which were drowned in the country of Borssele, (which was wont to bee one of the most ancient, [ F] the most famous and the greatest Islandes of Zeeland, ioyning to that of Zuydbeue∣landt) were Monster, Saint Catherine, Ostkerke, Westkerke, Walfardorp and Deuy•…•…, whereas the Lords of Borssele did vsually make their residence. These villages, were the Sommer following recouered: but two yeares after 1532. they were againe

drowned, and so remained vnto the yeare 1597. that Nortbeueland was recouered, of [ A] this memorable and lamentable Inundation, happened in the yeare 1530. these two Latin verses were made, shewing the date of the yeare and the day.

Anno terdeno post sesquimille Nouembris, Quinta, stat salsis Zeelandia tota sub vndis.

The 27. of Nouember the same yeare the Ladie Marguerite of Austria, Douager of * 1.116 Sauoy, Aunt to the Emperor, Gouernesse of the Netherland, died at Macklyn: she de∣sired to be intretred at Bruges, by the Ladie Marie Dutchesse of Bourgongne, Coun∣tesse of Holland, Zeeland &c. her mother. In December the same yeare 1530. the Emperour parted out of Germany with King Ferdinand his brother, and the Princes [ B] both Electors and others, and many great Noblemen both Clergy and Temporal, and arriued at Cologne the fift of Ianuary 1531. where the sixt of that month Ferdinand * 1.117 his brother was chosen King of the Romaines, by all the Princes Electors, except him * 1.118 of Saxony. After the election, the Emperor and his brother, accompained with all these Princes and Noblemen, entred into Aix la Chapelle, the tenth of the sayd month, where hee was the next day crowned with all the sollemnities required for a King of Romains. This done Ferdinand returned with the Princes into Germany, and the Em∣peror came to Brusselles the 24. of the moneth, where soone after he went to see the Lady Mary, Queene Douager of Hungary, his sister, whom he made Gouernesse in his name of all the Netherlands, by the death of the Lady Marguerite their Aunt. [ C]

MARY OF AVSTRIA, QVEENE DOW∣ager of Hongary, sister to the Emperor Charles the 5. Gouernesse of the Netherlands.

[illustration]

MARIA REGINA HONG. GVB BELGII. SOROR IMPERAT. CAROLI QVINTI.

To Lewis Kin•…•… of Hungary I was wife, King to my Father, Emperor to my Brother: Amongst the Turkes my husband lost his life, And euer since I liu'd without another. Not vnto second marriage ha•…•… 〈◊〉〈◊〉 •…•…art, But kept my state o•…•… widdow-hood to the end, My Broth•…•…r vnto m•…•… •…•…re his depart, The rule of the Low-Countries did commend.

Mary of Austria, second daughter to the Arch-duke Phillip and the Lady [ A] Iane King and Queene of Castile, sister to the Emperors Charles the 5. and Ferdinand the 1. was married to Lewis King of Hongarie, who was slaine in battell by the great Turke Solliman, and remained a widdow. By the death of the Lady Marguerite, Dowager of Sauoy, she was by the Emperour Charles the fifth her brother, appointed-Gouernesse of all the Netherlands. During the Emperours aboad at Brusselles, the inhabitants of * 1.119 the Towne obtained of his Maiestie, a confirmation of the grant which they had ob∣tained long before of the Lady Mary Duchesse of Bourgongne, and of the Emperour Maximillian her husband, for the making of a 〈◊〉〈◊〉 riuer or chanell betwixt Brussells and Antwerp, in the which after that time they began to labour, vntil it was fully ended, and that ships came vnto it in the yeare 1560. The Anabaptists which began in those [ B] times to raigne in Germanie, crept in like sort into the Low-countries, namely in Hol∣land to Amsterdam where the Proctor general of the Hag•…•…, caused nine to be appre∣hended * 1.120 at one time, whereby a sentence giuen by the Emperour they lost their heads. All this yeare 1531. that the Emperour staied in the Netherlands, there past nothing that was memorable; onely the 3. of December hee renued the order of the golden Fleece, in the Cittie of Tournay, then hee made his preparations to returne into Germanie, to an Imperiall Dyet which should bee held at Ratisbone, to conclude the controuersies in relligion, and the Turkish warres. The Count Palatin came to Brussells to fetch him, with whome hee parted the 17. of Ianuary 1532. This yeare was published in Holland, Zeeland, and other Prouinces of the Netherlands, the * 1.121 [ C] third bloudy Edict against them of the reformed relligion, and more rigorous then any of the former.

The Hollanders hauing by the Emperors commandement deliuered certaine ships vnto Christierne the 2. King of Denmarke, beeing exiled, to carry him backe into his Kingdome with the which hee past into Norway: those of Lubeck and their Allies beeing much incensed thereat, rigged forth many shippes of warre, which they * 1.122 sent to Sea: causing them to keepe the Sounde in such sort, as no Hollanders shippes could passe, which was the cause of great pouertie and want among their marriners, and such as get their liuing by the nauigation of the Sea. Corne grew exceeding deere there, and had beene deerer if those of Breme had not sent in a great quantity of [ D] wheat and rye to Amsterdam during the Sommer time. The Hollanders complai∣ned to the Queene of Hongary, who did write to the Lubekers, desiring a day of meeting might bee appointed betwixt her and them, touching their controuersies: where-vppon they resolued on either side to assemble at Hamberough, whether the Deputies of Amsterdam came, and one of the Priuie Councell. But those of Lu∣beck came not, sending onely some Deputies, excusing them-selues that they could not come to the same Assembly, without the presence of Frederic Duke of Holsteyn their Lord (beeing then newly chosen King of Denmarke) or of his Com∣missioners, who had written vnto them that hee desired the said Assembly might bee held the next yeare at Coppenhagen, whither hee would come him-selfe in person, [ E] to treat with the Emperour, and seeke all meanes of peace. Although the Depu∣ties of the Netherlanders, were not well satisfied, yet for that they could not helpe it, they were content to remitte the Assembly vnto the time required, returning as well into Holland as Brussels to make their report.

Soone after the returne of the Deputies, some shippes of warre of Lubeck came running along the Coast of Zeeland, where they tooke a shippe of Edam laden with salt, comming from Lisborne beelonging to them of Amsterdam. Where∣vppon the Court (at the sute of the Hollanders) caused all the ships, goods, marchan∣dise, and generally what-soeuer did belong to them of Lubeck and Hambrough, to bee staied and arrested, in recompence of this ship that was taken by them. The 10. of Iune [ I] Ioos Ameson Vander-Burch, & Gerard Mullart van Campen, with Cornell•…•… Bennick of Am∣sterdam parted out of Holland to this assembly at Copenhagen. The King of Denmarke and Prince Christierne his sonne (who afterwards was King, called Christierne the 3.)

receiued these Deputies honourably. Those of Lubeck propounded many complaints [ A] in the open Assembly against them of Holland, blaming them with many Articles. Yet the King and all the Townes of the East countries layed the fault vppon the Lubekers And so a Peace was concluded betwixt Frederic King of Denmarke and his sonne, * 1.123 with the Townes of the Easterlins of the one partie, and the Emperor with the Hollan∣de•…•…s of the other, where-vnto the Lubeckers were forced to consent with the other Townes, and to set their signe and seale to the treatie of Peace: so as all shippes and goods that had beene stayed on either side, were discharged, the Sounde remaining open and free. The newes of this peace did greatly reioyce them of Amsterdam, and did bring downe the price of pitche, rozen tarre, corne, and of all other comodities that came out of the East Countries by the Sounde. [ B]

In the beginning of Ianuary 1532. the Emperour beeing as wee haue said, parted out of the Netherlands, and came with his Brother King Ferdinand to Ratisbone to hold a Dyet, whither came all the Princes, except the Duke of Saxony, and the * 1.124 Landtgraue of Hessen. The Emperour beeing come to Ments the first of February, the Arch-bishoppe of that place and the Count Palatin did sollicit him againe for peace, and hauing warrant from him to deale in it, they did admonish and aduise the Princes of Saxony and Hessen to harken to it. So as after many letters sent on either side; in the end they mette in the beginning of Aprill at Schuynfort. There a proposition was made to liue in peace vntill a Councell were called, and some points were propounded by the Emperours commandment, touching the which * 1.125 [ C] there was some debate on the behalfe of the seauen Princes, and the twenty foure Pr•…•…testant Townes, yet notwith-standing there followed an Accord, the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 whereof followes.

As well those that haue presented the confession of their Doctrine at Ausbourg, and the defence thereof: as those which shall hereafter ioyne vnto that relligion, * 1.126 shall conteyne them-selues within these limit•…•…s without any Innouation vntill a Councell, •…•…ee called. They shall not conuerse with those that teach the Sacraments of the Lords supper, and of Baptisme, other-wise •…•…hen is se•…•…te downe in their decla∣ration at Ausbourg. Touching that whic•…•… concearnes matters of Doctrine, they shall not suborne nor defend any one of a strange •…•…urisdiction, vnder coullor of relli∣gion. [ D] But if the law allowes any to go at their pleasure, after they haue giuen notice thereof vnto their Lords, they may then go where they like or are admitted. They shall not send their Preachers out of their Count•…•…ies to teach, if the Magistrate doth not require it, or suffer it, when th•…•…re shal•…•… bee any Assembly there: if hee denies, then may they preach in the houses, •…•…f they bee called to an imperiall Dyet, or if they send their men against the Turke, they shall allwaies haue their Preachers, and the administration of the Supper, according to the commandment of CHRIST. They shall auoyd iniuries; and the Ministers o•…•… the Church shall according to their duties, reprehend errors and vice modestly, and teach the truth. They of their rel∣ligion shall not bee excluded from the Imperiall Chamber. The Ecclesiasticall Iuris∣diction [ E] shall remaine as it is at this present, and it shall not bee lawfull for the Bishop to call any one into question for matters of relligion. All sentences giuen touching relligion, Iurisdiction, ceremonies and holy things, (which are not yet put in execu∣tion) shall remaine in suspence, vntill a Councell. Those shall enioy the goods of the Church which shallbee resident vppon the place, to whome properly such goods belong. That nothing bee taken away violently from any man. That the yearely reuenues bee carried to those places where they were wont to bee, vntill the Coun∣cell doe ot•…•…er-wise determine, in polliticke matters euery one to do his duty, and to bee caref•…•…ll of the common-weale carrying them-selues faithfully together, and louing one an other mutually.

[ F]

According to these Articles, the Protestants for their parts beeing seauen Prin∣ces * 1.127 and twenty foure Townes offered obedience to the Emperor, and promised him * 1.128 succors against the Turke. The Noblemen that had bene mediators, concluded this treatie of peace the 23. of Iune. 1532. & the Emperor ratified it the 2. of August, and

by a publicke Edict did authorise it, commanding the Imperiall Chamber and all other [ A] Iudges to obey it. And for that they had daiely newes of the Turks approaching, it was decreed that all the States of the Empire, should giue succors, not contributing of mo∣ny, but sending men. And so the Assembly ended the 27. of Iuly, euery one going to pre∣pare * 1.129 for the warre. The same yeare the 8. of Aprill was begun the new hauen of Middel∣bourg in Zeeland, in the Iland of Walcren, passing in a straight line from the towne vn∣to the banke of the Iland, where it falls into the sea, the which was finished in two years, a very commodious and profitable worke, seeing that before their hauen was neere vnto the salt marshes of Armuyden, hauing a crooked course vnto the towne, and ther∣fore very discomodious.

George of Egmont the 60. Bishop of Vtrecht, sonne to Iohn the first Earle of Egmont succeeded William van Enkeuoort, who (as we haue said) died at Rome. He was before [ B] Seignor of Hoochwoud and Ertswoude and Abot of Saint Amand in Tournesis: But he had no authority in the Seigneury of Vtrecht, but ouer the spirituall Iurisdiction: the Emperor hauing before (when as Philip of Bourgonge was Bishop) seased vpon the reuenewes and •…•…emporall iurisdiction, vnder collour, that the Bishops were not power∣full inough to defend it against the Duke of Gelders and other ennemies: and also by reason of their ordinary mutinies, tumults and ciuil wars, against the Bishops, yet not∣withstanding George of Egmont did gouerne the sayd Bishopricke with great magni∣ficence, the space of 25. years.

The 3. of May in the yeare 1536. about three of the clocke in the after-noone, there fell a great and fearefull fier at Delfe in Holland, so as in a short time the whole towne * 1.130 [ C] was in a manner consumed; there were burnt 9300. houses, the two parish Churches, and many goodly Cloisters and monasteri•…•…s: so as there remained not aboue 300. houses. There was no means to quench it, for that most of the Cloisters and houses were couered with reeds, and besides there had no raigne fallen of a long time, so as there was a great drought: and withall the wind was great, which draue the fier from one place to an other. There were many burnt, especially women lying in child-bed, and great riches, plate and Iewelles consumed with the fyre. In the moneth of August the * 1.131 same yeare, the warres being kindled againe betwixt the Emperor and the French King, two shippes of warre Frenchmen, ranne along the coast of Holland, who with their long boats went some-times to land, to surprize some of the Country-men, if [ D] they could in their beds: but they kept so good gard as the French-men could not doe any thing. These two shippes lay houering vp and downe th•…•…e a long time, ma∣king many attempts, but all in vaine. Those of Dordrecht hearing talke of them, some marriners consulted together how they might intrappe them, where-vpon fifty tall fellowes put them-selues into a Hoye (which is a kind of shippe they vse to carrie mar∣chandise and passengers) hauing filled certaine sacks with strawe, and laied them vpon their hatches, as if they had beene wooll, they all lying hidden vnder the decke; onely the mariner and his boy walked aboue: and so passing out of the old Meuse, they went to seeke these two shippes. Those beneth were redy with their Armes, vpon the first signe that the marriner should giue them. The hatches, were so ordred, that as soone [ E] as they were toucht, they would fall downe. The marriner hauing discouered these two shippes approached a little towards them, and then he made shew to flye from them.

The French seeing it pursued him with full sayles, and comming neere cryed vnto him to strike sayle, and that he should come aboord: then he drew neerer, intreating them to suffer him to depart, and that he was a poore man, who sought onely to get his liuing, and that if they tooke away his boat he must go beg his bread. Then the French cryed out the more to haue him approach & come a boord, or else the would sinke him. Being come close vnto them & the French entred, beginning to handle those sackes, he [ F] cryed out and gaue a watch-word to them vnder the hatches, who commingvp sodenly with their swords drawne fell vpon these pirats whom they surprised and slue all that were entred. Those that were in the other shippe seeing this disorder, fled as fast as they could and went to land. Soe the Hollanders of Dordrecht had these two shippes,

good cheape, the which they carryed vnto their Towne, not without ioy and admira∣tion [ A] of so hardie an enterprise. Charles Duke of Geldres was much discontented, to see himselfe so depriued of the towne of Groningen, the which was yeelded vnto the Emperor, as wee haue said. Being desirous to haue his reuenge, hee studied how he•…•… * 1.132 might surprise some Towne. He had a certaine enterprise vpon the towne of Amers∣fort, the which some traytors within it should deliuer vnto him the 13. day of Sep∣tember the same yeare. But a woman hauing discouered the treason of the Bourgma∣ster of the towne, the enterprise failed, and he returned as he came. The traytors were quartered, and their heads set vpon the gates of the towne. The second day of No∣uember, there was a meeting appointed in the towne of Graue, betwixt the Deputies for the Em•…•…or and the Duke of Geldres, touching the difference that was betwixt [ B] them by rea•…•… of the towne of Groningen and the Ommelandts. After long confe∣rence betwixt the Deputies, in the end they concluded the tenth of December a good and friendly peace, betwixt the Emperour and his subiects of the one part, and the Duke of Geldres and his subiects of the other part, whereof a Treatie was drawne in writing, conteining 16. Articles, proclaimed at Brussels the twentith of December.

In Aprill 1537. the French King entred with a mightie Armie, in the which were three Kings; himselfe, Iames King of Scotland the fift of that name, and the * 1.133 King of Nauarre, into the Country of Arthois, where hee besieged Hesdin a frontier towne, the which hee wonne, the Inhabitants beeing retired with all their chiefe [ C] moueables into the Castell, the which held good for a time: but through the Kings goodly offers and great threats, they forced the Captaines to yeeld the place. The Earle of Buren on the other side besieged the towne of Saint Pol in Arthois, belong∣ing * 1.134 to the house of Longueuille, manned with a good garrison of French. Sending to sommon it, the Gouernor in despight of the Emperour, caused the Trumpet to bee hanged that did this message, where-with the Earle with all the Commanders of the Emperors Armie were much incensed: after that they had battered the towne with great furie, and made a sufficient breache, the Earle at dinner time, when as the Gouernor and Captaines were at meate, caused a furious assault to bee giuen, and in the end forced the towne, killing and massacring all that they mette in the heate of their furie, not sparing any, yea the bloud was mingled with the wine vpon the [ D] Tables: the Bourguignons were in the towne, before the French Captaines would beleeue it: the towne being wonne, some Bourgesses fled into the Castell, the which after that the furie was past, they yeelded, to haue their liues saued. The taking of this towne was re-markeable, for the great effusion of bloud, especially of the French Nobilitie; a iust reward for their brauing presumption: It was taken the thirteenth of Iune 1537.

The Duke of Geldres not content with the peace which hee had made with the Emperor, practised meanes to surprize the Towne of Enchuysen in Holland, thereby * 1.135 to make himselfe maister of the Zuyderzee, to which end hee furnished out fiue ships [ E] at Harderwyke, in the which hee imbarked 700. men, as secreatly as hee could in the night, himselfe conuoying them euen vnto the Bridge. These fiue shipps arriued the next day before Enchuysen by three of the clocke in the morning, the soldiers lying hidden vnder hatches: two of them entred into the Hauen, where (by reason of the peace they had with the Geldrois) they had not shutte the barre, so as ships might enter in by night. But as GOD would haue it, it was then a lowe water, so as their ships could not floate. And as the day appeared fearing to bee discouered, after that they had attended foure houres for a high water, they retired without any effect, the two and twentith of Iune 1537.

The Duke seeing his enterprise miscarried, feared least the Hollanders should com∣plaine * 1.136 [ F] vnto Queene Mary, the Gouernesse; hee therefore excused himselfe vnto them * 1.137 of Amsterdam: how that his Nephew the Cardinall of Bourbon, desiring to see him once before hee dyed, had requested him to send these shippes for his garde:

but they had beene forced by the tide to enter into the hauen of Enchuysen: intreating [ A] them of Amsterdam to giue a safe conduct to his Nephew by the Zuyderzee, for fif∣teene daies.

They of Amsterdam hauing red this letter, did wonder at the dukes subtill and so∣daine inuention, for they had certaine intelligence that hee himselfe had beene in per∣son within Harderwick, and had kept the towne gates shut two daies togither, to the end that no man should go forth, to aduertise them of Enchuysen, and other sea townes of his comming: that he had struck vp the drum to call soldiars togither and had made a proclamation, that all such as had sworne to the King of France, should imbarke pre∣sently, and do whatsoeuer their captaines should command them, vpon paine of death. Although they of Amsterdam were well aduertised of all this by some of their Burge∣ses that were shut vp at that time in Harderwyck, yet they would make no mention [ B] thereof, but answered him onely. That they had no authoritie to grant any pasport•…•… to the Emperours enemies, to come into his country; but hee must seeke it from Queene Marie, Gouernesse for the Emperour. The Earle of Buren, after the win∣nyng of Saint Poll, tooke Monstruiel, and then hee went and besieged Teroane, a towne scituated in the midest of the countrie of Arthois, two leagues and a halfe from Ayre, and as much from Saint Omer. During which siege the Marshall of Annebaut came with an armie to raise his campe, or to victuall the towne. The Earle of Buren being aduertised thereof, hee sent the Earle of Roeux, the Lord of Brederode and other No∣blemen, with troupes of horse and foote, to cut off their passage, the which they could not do, being to farre aduanced, euen iust to the towne, but attending them in their re∣turne, [ C] they charged them in such sort, as they were all defeated.

The Marshall of Annebaut chiefe of this army, the Lord of Chastillon, the Lord of Sercis sonne, George Capusman captaine of the Albanois and about 1500. horse were pri∣soners * 1.138 besides those that were slaine vpon the place. This incounter was called the battaile of Saguelets, for that euery one of the French horse-men carried a bagge of poulder. But presently after a truce was concluded for sixe monethes betwixt the Emperour and the French King, so as Teroane was freed from siege. Although that the yeare before 1536. there had beene a firme peace concluded betwixt the Em∣peror and the duke of Geldres, yet the duke practised all the meanes hee could to sur∣prise sometownes in Holland: as hee had failed first at Enchuysen, then at Gorrichom [ D] and lastly at Dordrecht. And seeing all these deseignes to proue frutelesse; hee deui∣sed how hee might in his life time resigne all his Seigneuries to the French King. The which not able to do without the generall consent of all the townes and country of Geldres, hee commanded them to come all to Arnhem in October, to heare that which hee should propound vnto them. The deputies of all the townes being assem∣bled, he declared vnto them, that being now growne old, his desire was to prouide them now in his life time of a good Prince, rich and mighty, that had meanes to defend them against all men, and therefore to that end hee would institute the French King in his place, intreating them to consent therevnto, and to accept him for their Prince and Lord, and that in his hands they would take the oth of fealty, and do homage vnto the [ E] King. The deputies hearing this, answered, that they had once taken an oth of fealtie vnto him, and therefore they would hould him for their Prince and Lord, so long as he liued, neither would they giue their faith vnto any other, during his life. But as the duke insisted still with great importunitie, and that it seemed hee would forc•…•… them, for that hee had castells in all the townes: the deputies desired to haue fiue∣teene daies respight to consider and resolue thereon, the which hee granted them. The deputies beeing all assembled to consult in what sort they might best gouerne themselues in this businesse; And considering then the estate and scituation of their country, lying in the midest of the Emperors territories, they resolued not to giue thē∣selues * 1.139 vnto the French King. The townes of the Duchy of Geldres and cou∣nty [ F] of Zutphen, hauing thus resolued, as the Duke had his garrisons in the castells of some townes by the which he might bring in the French at his pleasure.

Those of Nemegen, Zutphen, Ruremonde and Venlo, foure of the chiefe townes,

resolued by practises or force to seaze vpon their Castles, the which they did presently [ A] ruine, so as the Duke could no more enter at his pleasure. The Duke seeing this, made a leauie of 4000. men to terrifie them. These Towens did also furnish them∣selues with soldiars, Bourguignons and Cleuois, euery one of them 300. men, and Nymegen ouer and aboue entertained 300. horse. The Dukes men were diuided to goe to Nymegen and Zutphen, hoping to recouer by some Intelligence within the Townes, but they were so well entertayned by the Inhabitants and soldiars, as they were forced to retire with shame. The Duke much discontented that hee could not preuaile ouer these Townes sent his horsmen into the quarter of the Veluwe, to ruine the peasants and to spoile the country. What doth a Prince get in ruining his owne subiects, through wilfullnes, to make him selfe poore? he sent his Deputies to the aboue named townes, to know the reasons why they ruined his Castells: who answered that [ B] they did acknowledge him for their Prince and Lord, and that they desired no other so long as hee liued. And for the Castells which they had beaten downe: that it had not beene for any other reason, but that they feared they should haue bene forced to receiue in the French by them; and to take an oth to the French King, the which they were not resolued to do. But during his life they would not acknowledge any other, and that hee being dead, they would receiue him for their Lord that had most right. This remayned a while in suspence: not long after hee sent his Comissioners againe to these Townes, to command them to pay him his reuenues, and that they send their Deputies with them of the Townes to Arnhem, where hee was resolued to hold an Assembly of his States: they answered, that they were not resolued to [ C] paie him any thing vntill that hee discharged his horsmen, and sent them out of the Country.

These Townes hauing beene long thus in bad tearmes with their Prince and that sometimes their soldiars fell vppon the Dukes men, who ouerunne the Veluwe, ill intreating the poore countrymen, in the end by the meanes of some Noblemen an Accord was made, about the end of December, betwixt the Duke and the Townes: after the which the Country of Gelders and the Country of Zutphen were at rest vntill the Dukes death. About the end of this yeare, the Lady Issabella Empresse, * 1.140 was deliuered of a second sonne in Spaine called Iohn, whereof there was great ioy in the Netherlands, hoping to haue a particular Prince, but hee died in Aprill follow∣ing. * 1.141 [ D] The second of Iuly in the yeare 1538. Charles of Egmont Duke of Gelders died beeing 71. yeares old, hauing gouerned and molested his Country for the space of * 1.142 thirty six yeares. Hee was the cause (through his violence) that the Prouince of Frise∣land, the Diocesse of Vtrecht, the Towne of Groninghen, and the Ommelands came vnder the Emperors obedience; the which he might easily haue preserued for himselfe, if he had not continuallie ouercharged the people with new exactions, by the which he lost the hearts of men. This prince was of a turbulent spirit, and a great louer of Inno∣uations. Being dead, William duke of Cleues came into Gelders, where he was honou∣bly receiued, and sollemnly put in possession of the said Duchie, and of the Country of [ E] Zutphen: The 13. of September in the same yeare 1538. Henry Earle of Nassau father * 1.143 to William prince of Orange, died in his Castell of Breda, eight daies after hee had feasted the Queene of Hongarie, Gouernesse of the Netherlands, with great Pompe. * 1.144 In February 1539. died Iohn Duke of Cleues, to wome William his sonne succeeded, * 1.145 who was Duke of Cleues, Iulliers and Bergh, Earle of La Marck and Rauensbourg, Lord of Rauensteyn &c. and hei•…•…e to the Ducthy of Gelders, by the death of Duke Charles of Egmont.

The 17. of August the Ganthois began to mutine, the companies of trades and * 1.146 occupations assembled togither in their seuerall halles, and then they went to armes, seeking to extort many things from the great Bayliffe, and from the Magistrate of the Towne. They committed many of the Court of Flanders to prison, and among [ F] others one Lieuin Pin, whome vppon their owne motion and authoritie, they caused to be publikely beheaded. The 25. of September the Bayliffe, Bourgmaister & the Se∣cretary of the towne of Maestricht, in a great popular tumult were all three massackred.

The 24. of October died Floris of Egmont the first Earle of Buren, in his castell of Buren: Maximilian his sonne Lord of Iselstein, succeeded him, whose daughter and [ A] onely heire, William of Nassau Prince of Orange tooke to his first wife: of which mar∣riage are issued Philip of Nassau, at this day Prince of Orange and the Lady Mary of Nassau, widow to Count Philip of Hohenlo. The thirty of the sayd month the Earle of Roeux, entred into Gant, hauing giuen them to vnderstand in the Emperors name, that they should hold their lawes, rights and accustomed preuiledges. And the tenth * 1.147 of December the Emperour trusting to the French Kings word and safe-conduit, par∣ted from Spaine to come by land into the Netherlands, through France. The Prince Daulphin and the duke of Orleans the Kings sonnes, were to receiue him at the foote of the Pyrenee Mountaines: who conducted him to Paris. Hee was receiued with great State in all townes where he passed, with acclamations and great shewes of •…•…oye, [ B] hoping that his comming should bee a confirmation of a perpetuall peace. Appro∣ching neere vnto Paris, the King went to meete him, beeing accompanied with all his Princes and Noblemen, and 1500. gentlemen, all richly appointed. The Marchants did him all the honour they could, comming to the Lovure his reception was great and stately by the King and Queene, the Emperors sister. Hauing taken his leaue of the King and Queene, hee was conducted by the Daulphin and many Princes and No∣blemen, to Valenciences the first towne in Henalt, whereas the Lady Mary Queene of Hungary went to receiue him, from whence they went to Brusselles, where hee ar∣riued the nineteene of February 1540. [ C]

In the beginning of the sayd moneth of •…•…ebruary died that valiant captaine George * 1.148 Schenck Baron of Tautenbourg, knight of the order of the golden fleece, Gouernor of * 1.149 the countries of Friseland and Groningen, in whose place, succeeded to the same Go∣uernment, Maximilian of Egmont, Earle of Buren Lord of Iselsteyn. The second day of Aprill died in the citty of Gant Anthony of Lalain Earl•…•… of Hoochstraten, after that hee had beene eighteene yeares Gouernor of Holland, Zeeland &c. to whome succeeded Rene of Chalons Prince of Orange, Earle of Nassau and Lord of Breda. The * 1.150 Emperour beeing arriued at Brusselles, hearing the many complaints that were made vnto him of the rebellion of the Ganthois, hee parted from Busselles with foure thou∣sand men towardes Gant, comming neere the towne, the Magistrates went to meete him, and brought him into the towne with great honour. During his aboad, hauing [ D] beene dulie informed of all matters, hee caused many Bourgeses to be apprehended: and among others the great deane (who was a carpenter by his trade:) the chiefe mo∣tiue of this rebellion. Their Processe being made & finished nine of the chiefe were beheaded, and the Burgeses were forbidden to carry any kniues, vnlesse the pointes * 1.151 of them were broken, and then to keepe the towne in better order then it had beene, the Emperour caused a great and strong Cittadell to be built, in the place whereas the Abbaie of Saint Bauon was wont to stand: into the which hee put a good gouernor, and a sufficient garrison, to hold them in subiection, that they might neuer rebell any more. Moreouer the towne payed 50000. florins vnto the Emperour, besides their Annuall duties. All the preuiledges which they had enioyed for so many [ E] yeares, which had beene the cause of their often and many mutinies and rebellions, were taken from them, fifty of the chiefe of the towne, attired all in mourning weedes; cast themselues at the Emperours feete, and other fifty in their shirts with halters a∣bout their necks, crying for mercy, with their hands lift vp, with other indignities that were done them, as you may reade at large in the Chronicle of Flanders.

On Saint Mathews day, Ferdinand King of Romaines arriued at Brusselles with a smal traine, whereof the Emperor being aduertised the same night, he tooke post with foure horse only, whereof the Earle of Buren was one, and the Lord of Conde an other, it was very darke before they arriued at Brusselles, whereas hee was welcome to his * 1.152 brother King Ferdinand, and to his sister the Queene of Hungary. This same yeare was [ F] published by the Emperor, the 4. bloudy Edict, against them of the religion in the Ne∣therlands, the which confirming the 3. precedent, was the subiect of al those that haue since bin granted, both by himself, & King Philip his son, beeing called the great Edict

of the yeare •…•…540. the which is yet daylie obiected against them of the relligion in∣the [ A] lowe countries. Whilest that the Emperour made some aboade in the Nether∣lands, being much troubled to suppresse the Ganthois. Hee consulted also what was to bee done against the Protestants of Germanie: the Popes Legat incensed him a∣gainst * 1.153 them all he could, vpbraiding them with all the opprobrious termes that might be, terming them worse then Turkes, and proclayming warre against them, charging them with heresie and rebellion. The Emperour following his accustomed course, without aduertising of the Legat, appointed a diet at Haguenau; where King Ferdinand was president for the Emperor, and as King of Romains: where after some conferen∣ces, * 1.154 it was sayd, that matters were in that estate, as they could not determine any thing: especially through the absence of the Elector of Saxony, and the Landtgraue of Hes∣sen, and therefore they must referre the businesse vnto an other daie, when as the Am∣bassadours [ B] and Diuines of eyther side should meete in equall numbers, to conferre togither vpon the Articles of the confession of the Protestants faith: prouided not∣withstanding that the Edict of Ausbourg should stand in force, and that it should bee lawfull for the Pope to send his deputies thether if he pleased.

The diet was referred to Wormes, and in the meane time the Emperor writ his letters, confirming the former conclusion, promising an Imperiall diet, whereas hee * 1.155 would be himselfe in person, whither that should bee brought that should bee treated at Wormes. Hee sent his Ambassador Granuelle to Wormes, with his sonne Anthony Perrenot Bishop of Arras, and some Spanish diuines. Granuelle in the Emperors name exorted them that were there present to studie for peace and vnion. The next daie [ C] Campege, the Popes Ambassador made his speech, to this effect, that the Pope would for his part do all that was possible, excepting relligion. But nothing was done in this assemblie, for that matters inclyned in fauor of the Protestants, who desired no∣thing more then to enter into conference, hauing brought many learned men to that end: among others Melancton, Bucer and Caluin. After many remises for a counte∣nance onely, there were some publicke disputations betwixt Melancton and Eckius, touching originall sinne. But the third daie Granuelle and the other Ambassadors re∣ceiued letters from the Emperor, by the which hee referred the businesse vnto the diet at Ratisbone, commanding the Protestants to be there also, and Granuelle to returne vn∣to him. In the beginning of February 1541. the Emperor leauing the Netherlands, [ D] came to Mets in Lorraine and so passing by Spire came to Ratisbone. He was receiued * 1.156 at Nuremberg with great state: In March many Princes & the states of Germany, came to Ratisbone, where he attended them: who on the day of the assembly begun the 25. of Aprill, propounded many excuses why matters had beene so long delaied, yet prefer∣ing the quiet of Germany, before all other things, yea before his owne health, hee was come thether to intreat them to aduise of some good agreement: and to the end that euery one might know how much he desired peace, his opinion was, if they found no better expedient, that there should be some learned and quiet minded Germains cho∣sen out to conferre friendly togither of all differences, and report as well to the Empe∣ror, [ E] as to the States, how they might come to some agreemēt. Wherevpon there were diuers conferences betwixt three Doctors of the Protestants, and three of the Romish relligion, but they agreed in fewe things, the Romanists offring still to refer their con∣trouersies to the Popes decision, the which the Protestants did, mightily impugne. The Emperor hauing heard all their opinions, discoursed in order, concluded: that, seeing their differences could not be there determined, and that there were other important affaires▪ hauing also staied long there, hee referred all to a councell, whereof the Popes Legat had giuen him hope, and that hee himselfe would in person sollicit it vnto the Pope: promising also to returne into Germany. If that the Pope did not ad∣uance any thing, to prouide himselfe for the pacification thereof. William duke of [ F] Cleues, of Iuilliers &c. vpon the word of Ferdinand King of Romaines, went vnto the Emperour, to see if they might agree touching the duchie of Geldres, but hee could neuer obtaine a confirmation from the Emperour. As for his proximitie and neerenesse to the succession, there was no doubt of it. But the Emperour

pretended the Inuestiture which his Grandfather the Emperour Maximillian had [ A] made vnto him, to hold it in fee of the Empire: and the purchase which the Duke of Bourgongne his great Grandfather had made of Duke Arnhold: and lastly the acco•…•…d made betwixt him and Charles of Egmont, the last Duke of Gelders. With which allegations and pretensions the Duke of Cleues could not be satisfied, maintayning all these sales, seazures, and accords to be voyd and of no force, for that they could not be made to preiudice the next heire apparent with out his consent. The French King hearing of the Du•…•…e of Cleues discontentment, resolued to make an alliance with him, that by his meanes and others, hee might make warre in the Netherlands: * 1.157 and there-vpon offered not onely to take him and his countries into his protection, but also to giue him all assistance and ayd to inlarge his limits: with a good annuall [ B] pension: and moreouer to giue him his Neece, the King of Nauarres daughter, wi•…•…h all her fathers succession: vppon thse offers and promises, whylst that the Emperour was parted out of the Netherlands, to go to the Diet at Ratisbone, the Duke of Cleues went into France to confirme this alliance with the King, where hee was honorably entertained, and after all their Treaties he espoused the Princesse of Nauarre at Villers-Coste-Rez, she was then but twelue yeares old. Within few daies after the * 1.158 Duke returned into his country, leauing his spouse in France, for that the mother would keepe her, vntill she were ripe of age. Martin van Rossem Marshall of Gelder•…•…, had then some troupes of foote, the which hee said belonged vnto the French King, wherewith hauing passed the Rhind, and ioyned with the French troupes of the Duke [ C] of Longueuille, they entred togither into Brabant, still spoyling and wasting the coun∣try, vntill they came before Antwerp. Whereof Rene of Chalons Prince of Orange * 1.159 being aduertised, he gathered to gether some men, and sent word to them of the towne, that at a certaine houre assigned, they should issue for•…•…h in armes, with all the forces they could make; to the end whilst that he sh•…•…uld charge the Geldrois on the one side, they might set vppon them on the other. But the messenger that was sent was taken by Rossems men, for as they of the Towne wanted this aduertsment, the Geldrois knowing the Princes desseine who approched, and hee seeing them in armes, thought they had beene the Cittizens of Antwerp, and went into the midst of them; who ha∣uing compassed them in, defeated them quite, where there died aboue 1000. men. * 1.160 [ D] The Prince being well mounted did happely saue him-selfe by flight in Antwerp: the which hapned on Saint Iames day in the yeare 1542. After the defeat of the Princes * 1.161 men in this manner, the Geldrois remained still about Antwerp, for that there were some of their faction that should yeeld it vp vnto them, firing it in diuers places, and breaking or filing a so•…•…der the chaines of the wells, to the end they might not draw any water to quench it. But as God would haue it, those that were about the •…•…iling of the chaines, were taken in their worke, and discouered all the actors and factors of this Treason, who were executed.

Martin van Rossem seeing this enterprise discouered, burning some of the sub∣burbs, milles, and houses of pleasure in Antwerp, marched towards Louvaine * 1.162 [ E] thinking to take it vppon his first approche for that it is a great vast Towne, and ill peopled, where hee ariued the second of August spoyling and burning all •…•…here hee past. Beeing before the Towne, hee summoned it to yeeld vnto the King of France, and that as his Lieutenant they should suffer him to lodge three daies there with all his Armie, and paie him 70000. Crownes. They of the Towne were much perplexed: for the Mayor nor the Magistrate knew not what to answer. In the end the Mayor with some Deputies went vnto him to treat. They had forbidden the inhabitants to shoote from the walles. Yet some Schollers with some Bourgesses, and some women, going vp to the walles and Towers thereabouts, seeing their [ F] enemies to lie soe open, shotte into the midst of their troops, whilst hat the Mayor was in parle with Martin van Rossem, who was forced to flye speedily into the Towne the which other-wise hee was resolued to ha•…•…e yeelded, had not the Schollers and some Bourgesses opposed them-selues, tiring his camp with their sallies and skir∣mishes; so as they forced Martin to retier towards Waueren, and from thence into

Luxembourg, where he besieged the towne of Yuois, the which yeelded vnto him vp∣on [ A] composition to haue their liues and goods saued. After that time they began to fortifie the towne of Antwerp, the which before had beene easie to take with few men. The Duke of Longueuille, and Martin van Rossem hauing taken Yuois, the French king commanded them to enter into his country, to helpe to chase away the Spaniards, the * 1.163 which they did after they had taken Danuilliers, Virreton and Luxembourg, the chiefe towne of the Country, and so forcing themselues a passage, they ioyned with the Armie of the Duke of Orleans the Kings sonne, who being retired with his army, the Emperors men recouered all those places againe, except Yuois.

The 7. of August there was a great tumult at Brussels betwixt the Wallons and Spanish soldiers, who put themselues in armes, either of them striuing to get the mar∣ket * 1.164 place: but the Lord of Molenbais and others, made them retire towards the Port [ B] of Louvaine, and then Frederick Bastard of Meleun, maister of the Ordinance, caused two Culuerins to be brought, the which he discharged against the Spaniards, shoot∣ing ouer them of purpose, onely to feare them, and to haue them retire, as they did. This yeare those of Middelbourg in Zeeland had a great sute against them of Ziric∣xee, touching the lading of Salt, whether ships of those two townes should lade first: wherein those of Ziricxee did yeeld; by reason whereof they would no more come to Arnemuyden, nor to Middelbourg to lade any Salt; but made the Brittons ships and others laden with Salt, to come before La Vere, and to anchor neere vnto North∣beuelandt, where it was sold, and there they went to lade, which course continued al∣most [ C] a yeare. They of Middelbourg seeing this, and that they themselues were most interressed, agreed with them of Ziricxee, that they might lade as they had done at Armuyden or Middelbourg.

Whilest that Martin van Rossem lead the Duke of Cleues armie into France: the Prince of Orange, the Earle of Bossu, and the Earle of Buren Gouernor of Friseland, * 1.165 entred with 20000. foote, and 4000. horse, into the country of Iuilliers, whereof they made themselues maisters in a short time, finding no resistance, for that all the Dukes forces were out of the country. Winter being come, this armie was dismissed; the which was no sooner gone out of the country of Iuilliers, but Martin van Rossem retur∣ned with his troopes, and recouered all in a short time which the others had taken; except the towne of Heynsbergh, which he went to besiege, hauing put good garrisons [ D] in all the other places. The Prince of Orange being aduertised of the Cleuois re∣turne, and that they were at the siege of this towne, leuied good troopes of men, and came and charged their campe behinde, whereof he defeated a part, the 22. of Iune. After this route, Rossem hauing gathered together what was left, and what soldiers he could otherwise raise, with a good number of peasants, made a new armie, with the which he went to besiege the towne of Amersfort in the Diocesse of Vtrecht: the in∣habitants * 1.166 were much amazed to see themselues so sodenly inuested of all sides: and vpon the goodly words and faire promises which Rossem made vnto them to main∣taine them free from all impositions, paying him onely seauen thousand Florins, they yeelded the towne. But as soone as he was assured thereof, he would not bee satisfied with 7000. Florins, but would haue the inhabitants bring in all their gold and siluer, [ E] plate and iewels, yea the rings and girdles of their wiues, to whom his soldiers did great out-rages. Soone after the Prince of Orange came to Vtrecht, with good troopes both of horse and foote, the which Rossem vnderstanding, hee dislodged spee∣dily from Amersfort, carrying the richest Bourgesses of the towne with him into the country of Geldres, the which hee did afterwards ransome, leauing onely three companies of foote for the gard of the said towne.

The 14. of Marche 1543. there was a battaile betwixt the Cleuois and the Imperi∣alists, * 1.167 in the which the Cleuois had the victory, winning the Artillery with all the car∣riages * 1.168 & baggage of the Emperors campe, the which they carried into Ruremond, yet [ F] the Cleuois lost many of their horsemen. This done, they went and besieged the towne of Heynsberg: and in Aprill following, the Geldrois & Cleuois together, entred into Lébourg, where they did spoile & burne all they could, carrying away many prisoners.

The same yeare the first day of May. Maximilian of Bourgongne, Marquis of la Vere * 1.169 [ A] Admirall of the Nether-lands for the Emperour sent out six shippes of warre well appointed to make warre against the French, going forth to sea they met with three other good shippes of Zeeland, which Ierosime Sandaline, receuer of Beuester∣shelt at Middelbourg had caused to beearmed, the which ioined with the other six: who together entred into the riuer of Bourdeaux, where they spoyled all the fleet, and burnt the shippes going from thence into Normandy, seuenteene only reserued being laden with wine and would the which they brought to la Vere in Zeeland, some of those Captaines landed with their Mariners and spoyled some villages in France, carrying away the Bells and other booty to shew that they had anoyed their ennemies by land as well as by sea. [ B]

The 23. of May, the Emperor hauing beene absent three yeares, arriued at Genoa. They had for a time accoumpted him dead in this last voiage of Affrike; therefore all his affaiers in the Netherlands succeded ill, by reason of the warre with the French, * 1.170 Cleuois and Geldrois his contries lamenting him much; the which did greatly reioice, hearing that he was safe and arriued at Genoa. Hee was a good space before he could come into the Netherlands by reason of an Imperiall Diet which was held at Spier touching the Turkish affaiers. In August following he came to Nuys of the diocese of Cologne with goodly troupes af horse, which he brought into the Netherlands. At the same time the French King thinking to ioyne with the Duke of Cleues forces en∣tred into Henault, where he tooke Landercie, fortefied it, and put in a good garrison: then hearing of the Emperors returned, and that it was two Late to ioyne with the [ C] Cleuois, he retired into France, after that he had spoiled and wasted a great part of the Country of Henault. The Queene of Hungary did then all shee could to fortefie Brusselles, knowing that the King was in Henault.

The 27. of Iuly, the Earle of Bossu hauing giuen the States to vnderstand in the Em∣perors name, of the great toile and charge his maiesty had been at, to come and succor those Contries in this warre of the French Cleuois and Geldrois. The said Sates made * 1.171 apresent vnto him of 15000. slorins of gold. The other Prouinces presented him in like sort, euery one according to their power and abilities. The Emperour returning out of Germay brought with him his Spaniards and Italiens, to imploy them in the warres of the Netherlands. Bein at Bonne he made agnerall muster of his army, in the [ D] which were 14000. Germaines, 4000. Italiens, whereof Camillo Collonna and An∣thoine Doria were clolonells, 4000. Spaniards, hauing for Collonels Don Aluaro de * 1.172 Sandes, and Don Louis Perez de Vergas, 4000. Germaine horses and Bourguignons, and 600. light horses Italiens and Albanois: besides this armie the Prince of Orange arriued with 12000. foote, and 2000, Lances; The Generall of this Army was Don Fer∣nand of Gonsague, the Marshall of the Campe Stephano Collonna the Marquis of Marignan Maister of the Ordynance, and Francisco la Este generall of the light horse, with this goodly army, being 34000. foote, and 6000. horse the Emperor went and planted himselfe before Duren, sometimes an Imperiall towne scituated in the midest * 1.173 of the Country of Iuilliers, and sence vsurped by the Dukes, one of the strongest places [ E] in all that quarter, being well furuished with men and all things necessary to maintaine a seege; in the which Captaine Flatien was Gouernor for the Duke, besids the inhabi∣tants were for the most part trained vp in armes and well affected to the Duke of Cleues their Prince. The 22, of August he sent a trompet to sommon it; and they an∣swered in skorne (the which afterwards cost them full deere) that they had no e feare of him whome the Cods in the sea had dcuoured: for it was generally bruted, that after the defeat of Algier, the Emperor putting to sea to returne into Italy, had beene drowned: which opinion had taken such an impression in the hearts of the people of Cleues, as they would not beleeue them, that not onely said they had seene him but that had spoken with him: The Duke of Cleues was of the same opinion, the which [ F] a bused it. The Emperor hearing this answer, fortefied his Campe, and they within the Towne resolued to defend it: but through the Emperors great attempts, all this de∣fence auayled little. Hee had made a breach, and presently gaue order for an Assault;

but the Spaniards and Italians, who had the poynt, where repulst and many slaine and [ A] remaining in the ditches. The Gouernour Flatten was slaine with the ruines of a tower that was battered downe by the Emperors Canon: at whose death the Inhabi∣tants were much amazed. Another sufficient breach being made, the Emperor cau∣sed * 1.174 a resolute Assault to be giuen and well seconded, incouraging his men himselfe in person, so as in the end the towne was takē by force, the soldiers putting all the incoun∣tred to the sword. There died at this assault of the Emperors side six hundred men. The towne being taken, a house was set on fire (no man knew whether it were acci∣dentall, or done on purpose.) the which burnt almost the whole towne. The Empe∣ror seeing it, said, that it was well imployed: wishing that it might so happen to all those that should rebell against him; the which he said to terrifie the rest, who seeing [ B] this goodly president before their eyes, came one after an other to bring their keyes vnto the Emperor: so as in a short time and without any great effusion of bloud, he had made himselfe maister of those two goodly Prouinces, Cleues and Iuilliers. The Duke was not farre from the Emperors Campe with his armie, beeing much troubled with these losses; who beeing loth to hazard all, he resolued to make his peace with the Emperor by the meanes and mediation of his good friends.

For the effecting whereof, he went accompanied with the Duke of Brunswyk and the Elector of Cologne, and cast himselfe at the Emperors feet: deliuering into his * 1.175 hands all the townes and fortresses of the Duchie of Geldres & Conty of Zutphen, con∣fessing that he had held them wrongfully, and crauing pardon for all. The Emperor [ C] to shew his mildnes and clemency, considering also what persons did sue and mediate for him, pardoned him gratiously, restoring all that he had taken from him in his con∣tries of Iuilliers and Cleues, which restitution was made in December following the same yeare; vpon conditiō that remaining in the Emperors seruice, he should renoūce the league he had made with the french King, and the mariage which he had contrac∣ted with the Daughter of the King of Nauarre, and not yet consumated; beeing bro∣ken, he caused him to marrie his Neece, the Daughter of Ferdinand King of Romains. Afterwards he remained a good seruant to the Emperor, although his mother did not much loue him for this marriage but died afterwards of griefe.

The Emperors affayres succeeding well in this warre of Cleues, beeing loath to [ D] loose any time, he caused his armie to march, beeing ioyned to the Dukes: (whereof Martin van Rossem was commander, whom the Emperor had in like sort receued into grace) towards the fronters of France, to recouer that which the Duke of Orleans had wonne in Luxembourg and Arthois and namely Landercye, which the Seignor of la Lande the Kings Lieutenant, had wonderfully fortefied and manned with a good gari∣son and all other things requisite for such a place: which garrison did greatly afflict the contries of Arthois and Henalt who besought the Emperor to goe thither.

According to which resolution, he marced with his armie through the countrie of * 1.176 Cambresis, into Vermandois. Don Fernando of Gonzague Generall of the said armie, propounded to beseege Guise first, which is not farre from Landrecy, and planted his [ E] Campe at Marolles neers vnto it: where the french came to visit him with a gallant skirmish in the which Peter Strossy (a banished man of Florence) was taken of the french party, and of the Emperors side Don Francisco d'Este Generall of the light horse, his horse beeing slaine vnder him: hearing that the Earle of Roeux was already plan∣ted before Landrecy, with some Netherlanders, and foure thousand Spaniards, that were newly ariued, vnder the command of Don Pedro de Toledo, with two thousand Germains: the Emperor (who was ill disposed at Quesnoy le Conte in Henalt) com∣manded Gonzague to go and ioine with the rest before Landrecy, where beeing ariued, he seperated his Campe from the Netherlanders, and the English, hauing euery one his Campe a part. These three Campes began euery one to batter the towne: but Gon∣zague [ F] seeing he aduanced little, thought to famish it, and in the meane time sought to ruine it. la Lande the gouernor made many sallies, now vpon one Campe, then on ano∣ther, still taking some thing. The french King came with all his power and vitualed the towne: then winter being neere, the Emperor raised the seege and dismissed his armie.

Landrecy being thus victualled, the Emperor came to Cambray, where he put some bands of Ordynance in garrison, for that he doubted this towne was to much affected [ A] to the French, wherof he had obserued some tokens in former warres. The Inhabitants desiro us to make proofe of their loyaltie to the Emperor, excused themselues, laying * 1.177 all the blame vpon their Bishop, whom the Emperour did pardon: then hee caused a strong and mighty Cittadell to bee built to the end the cittie might no more bandy against him, nor stand as Neuter, as they would doe, (the citty holding of the Empire) but that as vnto Charles of Austria, Earle of Arthois and Henalt his successors and not as Emperor, it should be sub iect vnto him and the Burgeses forced to hold his party. Wherein hee himselfe did impugne and breake the preuiledges of that cittie, giuen by former Emperors, the constitutions of the Empire, and his owne oth. [ B]

The last day of September Rene of Chalons Prince of Orange, after that the soldiars were fled out of the towne of Amersfort, tooke possession of the sayd towne in the Emperors name, and then of all the townes of the Duchy of Geldres, whereby there was peace and quietnesse in all those quarters of Iuilliers, Cleues and Geldres. The second of Ianuary. 1544. the Emperor parted from Brussels to go to an Imperiall diet * 1.178 at Spyre, which shold be held the 22. of February following, during the which the Ad∣mirall of Egmont, sonne to the Earle of Egmont, married with Sabina of Bauaria Pala∣tine, at which marriage the Emperor assisted in person. About that time was pro∣claymed throughout all the Netherlands the fift rigorous and bloudy Edict, which they called Lutherien, against them of the religion. The warres grew hot betwixt the French King and the Emperour, who entred into Champaigne with a great army and [ C] tooke diuers townes, King Francis had leauied a goodly army to incounter him, and * 1.179 was ready to giue him battaile, yet by the mediation of some good men, louers of peace, and to auoide the effusion of so much Christian bloud, a peace was concluded betwixt these two great Princes, and the Emperor retired from Soissons to Brusselles. The Emperor beeing returned to Brusselles, the second of October the peace was pro∣claimed. And the 22. of the same month arriued in the same towne the lady Elenor the French Kings wife, and the Emperors sister, accompanied▪ with the duke of Orleans, * 1.180 who entring into the towne, marched betwixt the two Princes of Hungary, sonnes to King Ferdinand, being followed by the Prince of Piedmont, the duke of Camerino and many Princes and Noblemen. There was nothing omitted that might giue delight [ D] and contentment to the Queene and to Madame d' Estampes the Kings Mistres. The Emperor sitting downe at the table, tooke Madame d' Estampes on his right hand, and the French Queene his sister on the left, beeing followed by the Queene of Hungarie, and so of the rest: thirteene daies were spent in feastes, bankets, maskes, turneys, and all other sports: during the Queenes aboade there, who tooke her leaue of the Emperor, and departed from Brusselles with the duke of Orleans the third of No∣uember. Then began things in Germany to incline to warre. The Pope was excee∣ding glad of the peace concluded betwixt the Emperor, and the French King: and re∣newed the assignation of a councell to the 15. of March 1545. Herman Archbishop of Cologne, according to that which had beene decreed at the Imperiall Diet at Ratis∣bone, [ E] meaning to reforme his diocese according to the word of God, hauing sent for Bucer and other ministers to that end, his Clergie banded against him, and appealed to the Pope and the Emperor. The Pope did excomunicate him, and a while after he was depriued of his Archbishoprike, and all other dignities.

Notes

• * 1.1

  Charles his Inheritance.
• * 1.2

  1508.
• * 1.3

  The duchesse of Sauoy go∣uerne•…•…e of the Netherlands.
• * 1.4

  The death of A•…•… 〈◊◊〉〈◊◊〉 Bourgon∣g•…•….
• * 1.5

  Puydroien ta∣tak•…•… and raz•…•…d.
• * 1.6

  1509.
• * 1.7

  The gouernor of Fre•…•…eland dies.
• * 1.8

  The Duke of Gelders makes warre against them of Oue∣ry•…•…sel.
• * 1.9

  War betwixt the Duke of Gelders and the Bishop of Vtrecht.
• * 1.10

  〈◊◊◊◊〉〈◊◊◊◊〉 •…•…n.
• * 1.11

  〈◊◊〉〈◊◊〉 •…•…f 〈…〉〈…〉
• * 1.12

  1512.
• * 1.13

  1513.
• * 1.14

  A 〈◊◊〉〈◊◊〉 〈…〉〈…〉 th•…•… 〈◊◊〉〈◊◊〉 •…•…or 〈…〉〈…〉
• * 1.15

  〈◊〉〈◊〉 D•…•… of 〈…〉〈…〉.
• * 1.16

  The duke of Saxony mak•…•…s an vnreasona∣ble d•…•…mand of th•…•… F•…•…ons.
• * 1.17

  Henry duke of B•…•… sl•…•…ne at an assault.
• * 1.18

  Dam taken by assault.
• * 1.19

  The Gronin∣g•…•…ois 〈◊◊◊〉〈◊◊◊〉 to th•…•… Duke of G•…•…ldres.
• * 1.20

  The duke of 〈◊◊〉〈◊◊〉 plexed for 〈◊〉〈◊〉 of mo∣ney.
• * 1.21

  The Geld•…•…ois enter 〈◊〉〈◊〉 with an army.
• * 1.22

  〈◊◊◊〉〈◊◊◊〉 o•…•… 〈◊〉〈◊〉.
• * 1.23

  1515.
• * 1.24

  Prince Charles of Austria takes possession of the Nether∣lands.
• * 1.25

  The Death of the King of Arragon.
• * 1.26

  Duke George of Saxony re∣signes Freese∣land, to Prince Charles.
• * 1.27

  The Lord of Iselsteyn takes possessi∣on of Freese∣land for prince Charles.
• * 1.28

  T•…•…e gouern∣•…•…nt of 〈◊〉〈◊〉 committed 〈◊◊〉〈◊◊〉.
• * 1.29

  〈◊〉〈◊〉 〈…〉〈…〉 Ch•…•…les.
• * 1.30

  The bishop of Vtrecht 〈◊〉〈◊〉 his 〈◊〉〈◊〉.
• * 1.31

  1527.
• * 1.32

  The Duke of Gelde•…•…s be∣sieged in 〈◊〉〈◊〉.
• * 1.33

  A truc•…•… con∣cluded.
• * 1.34

  Outrages done by the Geldrois to breake the truce.
• * 1.35

  The Duke writes vnto the Frisons.
• * 1.36

  Deputies of the •…•…risons of the Bour∣gongne partie •…•…ent •…•…o V∣trecht.
• * 1.37

  Demands of the Duke of Gelders to the Frisons.
• * 1.38

  A notable 〈◊〉〈◊〉.
• * 1.39

  Ho•…•…ne surpri∣sed by a Pitat and spoiled.
• * 1.40

  Prince Charles sent for to receiue the Crowne of Castile, Ar∣•…•…agon. &c.
• * 1.41

  Prince Charles goes into Spaine.
• * 1.42

  Prince Charles ar∣riues in Spaine.
• * 1.43

  1518
• * 1.44

  The Corona∣tion of the King of Spa•…•…ne.
• * 1.45

  The blacke troope de∣feated.
• * 1.46

  The Empe∣ro•…•…s will for the b•…•…rying of his body.
• * 1.47

  The death of the Emperor Maximilian.
• * 1.48

  1519.
• * 1.49

  His course & life.
• * 1.50

  An assembly at Fr•…•…cfort for 〈◊〉〈◊〉 choo∣sing of a newe Emperor.
• * 1.51

  A commenda∣ble thing in the Electors.
• * 1.52

  Ambassadors from Prince Charles to the Electors.
• * 1.53

  Ambassadors from the French King.
• * 1.54

  The electors answer to the Ambassadors.
• * 1.55

  The Elector of Mentz his speech.
• * 1.56

  The Elector of Treues speech.
• * 1.57

  The Elector of Saxonies speech.
• * 1.58

  Charles King of Spaine chosen Em∣peror.
• * 1.59

  Charles King of Spaine comes into England.
• * 1.60

  1520.
• * 1.61

  The Emperors entry into Aix.
• * 1.62

  Ships of Hol∣land taken by the Danes.
• * 1.63

  The Earle of Maeurs sent gouernor into Frisland.
• * 1.64

  Nicuport by Schoonhouen taken.
• * 1.65

  The Frisons send to the Imperiall diet.
• * 1.66

  1521.
• * 1.67

  The first E∣dict against them of the religion.
• * 1.68

  The miserable estate of Friseland.
• * 1.69

  The first cause of the warre.
• * 1.70

  The Duke of Bouillon desies the Emperor.
• * 1.71

  The Empe∣rors 〈◊〉〈◊〉 in∣uades the duke of Bou•…•…∣lons country.
• * 1.72

  The French king•…•… 〈◊〉〈◊〉.
• * 1.73

  Tournay be∣sieged by the Emperors men
• * 1.74

  Sloten besie∣ged by the Bou•…•…gnons
• * 1.75

  Lemmer yeel∣ded.
• * 1.76

  •…•…wicke taken without any resistance.
• * 1.77

  1523.
• * 1.78

  The emperors second voyage into Spaine.
• * 1.79

  The peasants warre in Ger∣manie.
• * 1.80

  1524.
• * 1.81

  The Geldrois begin warre against the Emperor.
• * 1.82

  1526.
• * 1.83

  The duke of Gelders seeks to be reuen∣ged of the Groningeois.
• * 1.84

  The suburbes of Groningen burnt,
• * 1.85

  The Gronin∣geois giue themselues vnto the Em∣•…•…or.
• * 1.86

  Collonel Schenck re∣•…•… Gro∣ninghen for the Emperor.
• * 1.87

  The Duke of Holsteynes troupes defea∣ted.
• * 1.88

  Dam yeelded by the Gel∣drois.
• * 1.89

  Wedden yeel∣ded.
• * 1.90

  Coeuoerden yeelded.
• * 1.91

  A peace be∣twixt the house of Bour∣gongue and the Duke of Gelders.
• * 1.92

  The second bloudie Edict against the Protestants,
• * 1.93

  A great Tu∣mult in V∣trecht
• * 1.94

  They of V∣trecht call the duke of Ge•…•…∣dres to bee their protec∣tor.
• * 1.95

  Harderwyck taken by the Geldrois.
• * 1.96

  The Hage spoiled by the Geldrois.
• * 1.97

  Hattem in Gelders yeel∣ded.
• * 1.98

  Many townes and castells yeelded to the Emperor.
• * 1.99

  1528.
• * 1.100

  2000. soldiar•…•… come out of Spaine.
• * 1.101

  Megen taken and abando∣ned againe by the Geld•…•…ois.
• * 1.102

  The Geldrois of Vtrecht de∣feated.
• * 1.103

  Vtrecht sur∣prized by the Bishops men.
• * 1.104

  Executions at Vtrecht.
• * 1.105

  A peace be∣twixt the duke of Gelders the Bishop and the Emperor.
• * 1.106

  1529
• * 1.107

  The Emperor comes unto Italie.
• * 1.108

  His stately en∣try into Bo∣lognala grasta
• * 1.109

  The Empe∣ror Charles kisseth the Popes feete.
• * 1.110

  1530.
• * 1.111

  The Empe∣rors coronati∣on by the Pope.
• * 1.112

  An Imperiall diet at Aus∣bourg.
• * 1.113

  The protes∣tant Princes desire to haue their confessi∣on heard.
• * 1.114

  Conferences betwixt the Protestants and Papists.
• * 1.115

  〈◊◊〉〈◊◊〉 de∣•…•… 〈◊〉〈◊〉▪ 〈◊〉〈◊〉.
• * 1.116

  The death of Lady Mar∣guerite of Au∣stria.
• * 1.117

  1531.
• * 1.118

  Ferdinand the •…•…mperors brothe•…•… made King of Ro∣maines.
• * 1.119

  The begin∣ning of the chanell which goes from Brusselles to Antwerp.
• * 1.120

  Anabaptists in Holland.
• * 1.121

  The 〈◊〉〈◊〉 blou•…•…y Edict against the Protest∣ants.
• * 1.122

  War betwixt them of Lu∣beck and Hol∣landers.
• * 1.123

  〈◊◊〉〈◊◊〉 ma•…•…e 〈◊〉〈◊〉 •…•…∣ror 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Hol∣lande•…•… with▪ the King of Denm•…•….
• * 1.124

  A Dyet at Ratisbone touching rel∣ligio•…•….
• * 1.125

  Articles pro∣pounded to the P•…•…ote∣stants.
• * 1.126

  A forme of the conditi∣ons of peace in Germany.
• * 1.127

  1532
• * 1.128

  A 〈◊〉〈◊〉 be∣tw•…•…xt the Em∣peror and the 〈◊〉〈◊〉.
• * 1.129

  A new Hauen at Middle∣bou•…•…g.
• * 1.130

  1536.
• * 1.131

  Two French ships cun•…•…ng∣ly taken by them of Dor∣drecht.
• * 1.132

  The duke of G•…•…dres ente•…•…∣prise vpon Amers•…•…ort.
• * 1.133

  Hesdin taken by the french.
• * 1.134

  S•…•…int Pol ta∣ken by the Imperial•…•….
• * 1.135

  The duke of Geldres en∣t•…•…ise vpon •…•…uchuysen.
• * 1.136

  1537.
• * 1.137

  〈◊〉〈◊〉 duke ex∣•…•… 〈◊◊〉〈◊◊〉 this •…•…rise.
• * 1.138

  The French defeated at the battaile of Saguelet•…•….
• * 1.139

  The town 〈◊〉〈◊〉▪ of Geldres mutine a∣gainst th•…•… d•…•…ke and 〈◊◊〉〈◊◊〉 their caste•…•….
• * 1.140

  The Empresse brought in bed o•…•… 2. son.
• * 1.141

  1538
• * 1.142

  The death of the Duke of Gelders.
• * 1.143

  The death of the E•…•…rle of N•…•…u.
• * 1.144

  1539
• * 1.145

  The death of th•…•… Duke of •…•…ues.
• * 1.146

  〈◊〉〈◊〉 of the •…•…ois.
• * 1.147

  The Emperor passe•…•…h through France to com•…•… to Gant.
• * 1.148

  1540.
• * 1.149

  The death of George Schenck.
• * 1.150

  The death of the 1. Earle of Hoochstrat•…•….
• * 1.151

  The Emperor do•…•…h punish the rebellion of the Gan∣thois.
• * 1.152

  The 4. bloudy Edict against the Prote∣stants.
• * 1.153

  A d•…•… •…•…t Ha∣g•…•…u.
• * 1.154

  The conclu∣si•…•…n of Hag▪ uenau
• * 1.155

  An Imperiall d•…•…t •…•…t Wormes.
• * 1.156

  An Imperiall diet at Ra•…•…s∣bone.
• * 1.157

  The Duke of Cleues allies •…•…m selfe to •…•…he French King.
• * 1.158

  The Duke of Cleues 〈◊〉〈◊〉 th•…•… King 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Na•…•…es daughter.
• * 1.159

  The French 〈◊〉〈◊〉 •…•…nto Bra 〈◊〉〈◊〉.
• * 1.160

  The Prince of Orange de∣feated.
• * 1.161

  1542
• * 1.162

  M•…•…in van Rossem re∣pul•…•… by •…•…e 〈◊〉〈◊〉 of 〈◊〉〈◊〉.
• * 1.163

  Yuois taken by the Gel∣drois.
• * 1.164

  A tumult at Brussels.
• * 1.165

  The Emperors armic enters into Iuilliers
• * 1.166

  Amersfort yeelded to Martin van Rollem.
• * 1.167

  1543.
• * 1.168

  The Cleuois 〈◊〉〈◊〉 the 〈◊◊〉〈◊◊〉.
• * 1.169

  The Hollan∣ders zeelan∣ders make war at sea aginst the Freuch.
• * 1.170

  The Emperor arriues at Geuoa.
• * 1.171

  Presents giuen to the Empe∣ror by the Netherlanders
• * 1.172

  The Emperors Armie.
• * 1.173

  Duren besee∣ged by the Emperor.
• * 1.174

  Duren taken by a•…•…ult.
• * 1.175

  The Duke of 〈◊◊〉〈◊◊〉 himsel•…•…e v•…•…o the Em∣p•…•…ror.
• * 1.176

  Landr•…•…cy be∣sieged.
• * 1.177

  A Cittadell built at Cam∣bray.
• * 1.178

  1544.
• * 1.179

  A peace b•…•…∣twixt, the Em∣peror and French King.
• * 1.180

  Queene Ele∣nor of France comes to the Emperor her: brother.