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M. Porcius Trib. Pleb. established a law,* 1.1 that no magi∣strate should beate any Romane citizen with rodds.
C. Sempronius Gracchus Trib. Pleb. preferred a law,* 1.2 whereby he disabled the magistrate frō punishing any Ro∣mane citizen, either with roddes, or with his axe .i. with death, without the allowance of the people. Secondly by vertue of this law, if any magistrate did condemne any Ro∣mane citizen Indictâ causâ, hee should bee liable to the iudgement and censure of the people. A third clause to this law was, Ne quis coiret, conveniret, quo quis iudicio publico circumveniretur Indictâ causâ. He was said to be condem∣ned causâ indictâ, which was condemned before hee had spoken for himselfe. Althoughy 1.3 Indicere pro non dicere, si∣cut & invidere pro non videre vix reperiatur; tamen indictū & invisum, pro non dicto, et non viso saepè reperiuntur.z 1.4 They were properly said Coire, which did worke vnder hand a∣gainst a man, that he might be condemned; wee may tran∣slate it in this place, to Conspire.a 1.5 The verbe Circumvenio doth commonly signifie as much as Circumscribo, to de∣ceaue or cheat one:b 1.6 but in this place, to oppresse one with false iudgement, procured by briberie or confederacy.
The privileges of the Romane citizens became so great,* 1.7 that almost all the inhabitants of the confederate nations, would forsake their owne dwellings, & vse meanes to be∣come free denisons in the Romane city; insomuch that the Embassadours of the Allies, & associates, did grieue much and complaine of the losse of their inhabitants: wherevp∣on a law was made by Papius, that all forreiners & strange commers should bee expelled out of the city.* 1.8 To the same effect was Lex Iunia, and also Licinia Mutia de peregrinis: