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OVer the Provinces at first ruled certaine magistrats sent from Rome by commission from the Romane Senate, called Praetores, whose office was to admi∣nister iustice vnto the Provinciall inhabitants: yea, and if occasion served, to make warre also vpon their enimies; & this was the reason that the number of the Praetors did so increase alwaies, namely accordingly as the number of
Provinces did encrease. The warres and tumults in the Provinces sometimes were so great, that the Praetour was not sufficient both to manage warre and execute iustice: wherevpon the Senate thought fit to send another magi∣strate into the Provinces, whom they called a Consul, be∣cause properly the managing of warre belonged vnto the Consul. So that there were at first two ordinary Pro∣vinciall magistrates, a Consul to manage warre, and a Praetour, or L. chiefe Iustice to sit in iudgement. And if these two by a second grant from the Senate did continue in their office aboue the space of an yeare, then were they called Proconsules, & Propraetores. But in processe of time this custome was altered. For then none could bee Procon∣suls, but those alone who had beene Consuls in Rome; nei∣ther could any be Propraetours, which had not beene Prae∣tors at Rome. Their manner being, that the next yeare after the expiration of their offices in Rome they should departe into some certaine province to beare the same offices a∣gaine being not called Consules or Praetores as before, but s 1.1 Proconsules & Propraetores; and for this cause alwaies, so soone as the Consuls had beene created, the Senate did ap∣point certaine Provinces for the Consuls, which being ap∣pointed the Consuls did either agree between themselues, who should go to the one, who to the other; and that was tearmed comparare provincias; or else they did decide the question by lots, and that was tearmed sortiri provincias; howbeit sometimes the Senate did interpose their autori∣ty, and dispose the same. Vnder the Emperours the gover∣nours of some Provinces were appointed by the Senate, & the people, and those were called Proconsules, and the Pro∣vinces, t 1.2 Provinciae Consulares, others were appointed by the Emperours, and they were called Propraetores, and the Provinces Praetoriae Provinciae. For all this, which hath bin noted touching the Provinciall Magistrates, it is almost verbatim translated out ofu 1.3 Rosinus. To which we adde this, namely that every Proconsul and Propraetor did vsual∣ly
choose a Lieuetenant such a one as should bee assistaunt vnto him in matters of governement,x 1.4 whom they called Legatum. So that this word Legatus signified three several Magistrates amongst the Romanes, two whereof may bee proved out ofy 1.5 Sigonius; first that it signified such a Lieue∣tenant or L. Deputy vnder a Proconsul or Propraetour in a Province: secondly, that it signified such a one as is imploi∣ed in the delivery of a message or embassage from one Prince or State to another: we commonly call them Em∣bassadors. z 1.6 Lastly it signified a Lieuetenant or chiefe cap∣taine in warre, whose place was next vnder the L. General. Moreover every Proconsul and Propraetour had with them certaine Treasurers, called Quaestores Provinciales. These provinciall treasurersa 1.7 were chosen by the Romane people commonly, namely such a number as the number of Pro∣vinces did require. After the election they between them∣selues did cast lots who should go vnto the one, who vnto the other Provinces:b 1.8 sometimes extraordinarily by ver∣tue of speciall Act or decree this or that speciall man hath obtained this or that Province without any lottery. By the way we must note, that all Provinciall Quaestors could not be called Proquaestores, as all Provinciall Consuls and Prae∣tours were called Proconsules & Propraetores.c 1.9 For these only were called Proquaestores, which did succeede these Provinciall Quaestors, when they did either die in their of∣fice or depart out of the Province, no successor being ex∣pected from Rome: at which times it was lawfull for the Proconsul or Propraetor to choose his Proquaestor. Moreo∣ver there were beside these Legati & Quaestoresd 1.10 other mi∣litary officers; such as are the Tribuni militum, Centuriones, Praefecti, Decuriones, togither with other inferiour officers, as their Secretaries, Baylieffes, Cryers, Serjants, and such like.
Alex. Gen. dier. l. 3. c. 3.
I. Camerar. pro L. Flacco
Rosin. An∣tiq. l. 10. c. 24.
Pomp. Lae∣tus de magist. Rom.
Sig. de iure Prou. l. 2. c. 2.
Rosin. ant. Rom. l. 10. c. 7.
Sig. de iure Prov. l. 2. c. 3.
Sig. ibid.
Rosin. ant. Rom. l. 7. c. 45.
Sig. de iure Prov. l. 2. c. 2.