The herball or Generall historie of plantes. Gathered by Iohn Gerarde of London Master in Chirurgerie very much enlarged and amended by Thomas Iohnson citizen and apothecarye of London

¶ The Description.

1 LInaria being a kinde of Antyrrhinum, hath small, slender, blackish stalkes; from which do grow many long narrow leaues like flax. The floures be yellow, with a spur hanging at the same like vnto a Larkes spur, hauing a mouth like vnto a frogs mouth, euen such as is to bee seene in the common Snapdragon; the whole plant before it come to floure so much re∣sembleth Esula minor, that the one is hardly knowne from the other, but by this old verse:

Esula lactescit, sine lacte Linaria crescit.

‡ Esula with milke doth flow, Toad-flax without milke doth grow. ‡

2 The second kinde of Tode-flax hath leaues like vnto Bellis maior, or the great Dasie, but not so broad, and somewhat iagged about the edges. The stalke is small and tender, of a cubit high, beset with many purple floures like vnto the former in shape. The root is long, with many threds hanging thereat, the floures are of a reasonable sweet sauour.

3 The third, being likewise a kinde of Tode-flax, hath small and narrow leaues like vnto the first kinde of Linaria: the stalke is a cubit high, beset with floures of a purple colour, in fashion like Linaria, but that it wanteth the taile or spurre at the end of the floure which the other hath. The root is small and threddie.

† 4 Linaria Valentina hath leaues like the lesser Centorye, growing at the bottome of the stalke by three and three, but higher vp towards the top, without any certaine order: the stalkes are of a foot high; and it is called by Clusius, Valentina, for that it was found by himselfe in Agro Va∣lentino, about Valentia in Spaine, where it beareth yellow floures about the top of the stalke like common Linaria, but the mouth of the floure is downie, or mossie, and the taile of a purple colour. It floureth at Valentia in March, and groweth in the medowes there, and hath not as yet been seene in these Northerne parts.

5 Osyris alba hath great, thick, and long roots, with some threds or strings hanging at the same, from which rise vp many branches very tough and pliant, beset towards the top with floures not much vnlike the common Toad-flaxe, but of a pale whitish colour, and the inner part of the mouth somewhat more wide and open, and the leaues like the common Tode-flax.

[illustration]

† 1.1 3 Linaria purpurea altera. Variable Tode-flax.

[illustration]

† 1.2 4 Linaria Valentia Clus. Tode-flax of Valentia.

[illustration]

† 1.3 5 Osyris alba, Lob. White Tode-flax.

6 Osyris purpurocaerulea is a kinde of Tode∣flax that hath many small and weake branches, trailing vpon the ground, beset with many little leaues like flaxe. The floures grow at the top of the stalke like vnto the common kinde, but of a purple colour declining to blewnesse. The root is small and threddie.

‡ 7 This hath many small creeping bran∣ches some handfull or better high, and hath such leaues, floures, and seed, as the common kinde, but all of them much lesse, and therein consisteth the difference. It growes naturally in the dry fields about Salamanca in Spaine, and floures all Som∣mer long. Lobel calls it Osyris flava syluestris; and Clusius, Linaria Hispanica.

8 The branches of this eight kind are spred vpon the ground, and of the length of those of the last described: the leaues are lesser than those of the common Tode-flax, thicke, iuicie, and of a whitish greene colour, and they grow not disor∣derly vpon the stalks, but at certaine spaces some∣times three, but most vsually foure together: the floures in shape are like those of the ordinarie kinde, but of a most perfect Violet colour, and the lower lip where it gapes of a golden yellow, the taste is bitter. After the floures are past come vessels round & thick, which contain a flat black seed in two partitions or cells: the root is slender, white, and long lasting, and it floures vnto the end of Autumne. It grows naturally vpon the highest Alps. Gesner cals it Linaria Alpina: and Clusius, Linariatertia Styriaca. ‡

[illustration]

† 1.4 6 Osyris 〈◊〉〈◊〉. Purple Tode-flaxe.

† 9 Forasmuch as this plant is stalked and leafed like common Flaxe, and thought by some to be Osyris; the new writers haue called it Linosyris: it hath stalkes very stiffe and wooddie, beset with leaues like the common Linaria, with floures at the top of the stalkes of a faint shining yel∣low colour, in forme and shape somewhat like vnto Conyza maior. The whole plant groweth to the height of two cubits, and is in taste sharpe and clammie, or glutinous, and somewhat bitter. The root is compact of many strings, intangled one within another.

† 10 Guillandinus calleth this plant Hyssopus vmbellifera Dioscoridis, that is, Dioscorides his Hy∣sope,

which beareth a tuft in all points like Linosyris, whereof it is a kinde, not differing from it in shew & leaues. The stalks are a cubit high, diuided aboue into many small branches, the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 wher∣of are garnished with tufts of small floures, each little floure being parted into fiue parts with a lit∣tle thred or pestell in the middle, so that it seemes full of many golden haires or thrums. The seed is long and blackish, and is carried away with the winde. ‡ Bauhine in his Pinax makes this all one with the former, but vnfitly, especially if you marke the descriptions of their floures which are far vnlike. Fabius Columna hath proued this to be the Chrysocome described by Diosc. lib. 4. cap. 55. ‡

[illustration]

‡ 7 Osyris flavasyluestris. Creeping yellow Tode-flax.

[illustration]

‡ 8 Linaria quadrifoliasupina. Foure leaued creeping Tode-flax.

[illustration]

† 1.5 9 Linosyris Nuperorum, Lob. Golden Star-floured Tode-slax.

[illustration]

10 Linaria aurea Tragi. Golden Tode-flax.

[illustration]

11 Scoparia sive Osyris Graecorum. Bushieor Besome Tode-〈◊〉〈◊〉.

[illustration]

† 1.6 12 Passerina linariae folio, Lob. Sparrowes Tode-flax.

[illustration]

† 1.7 13 Passerina altera. Sparrow-tongue.

[illustration]

‡ 14 Linaria adulterina. Bastard Tode-flax.

† 11 Scoparia, or after Dodonaeus, Osyris, which the Italians cal 〈◊〉〈◊〉, hath very ma∣ny shoots or sprigs rising from one smal stalk, making the whole plant to resemble a Cypres tree, the branches grow so handsomely: now it growes some three foot high, and very thick and bushie, so that in some places where it naturally groweth they make besomes of it, whereof it tooke the name Scoparia. The leaues be small and narrow, almost like to the leaues of flax. The floures be small, and of an hearbie colour, growing among the leaues, which keep greene all the Winter. ‡ I neuer knew it here to ripen the seed, nor to out-〈◊〉〈◊〉 the first frost. ‡

12 This plant also for resemblance sake is referred to the Linaries, because his leaues be like Linaria. At the top of the small bran∣ched stalks do grow little yellowish floures, pale of colour, somewhat like the tops of Chry∣socome. Iohn Mouton of Turnay taketh it to be Chrysocome altera. And because there hath bin no concordance among Writers, it's sufficient to set forth his description with his name Pas∣serina. ‡ Bauhine refers it to the Gromills, and calls it 〈◊〉〈◊〉 〈◊〉〈◊〉 folio Monspeliacum.

‡ 13 This which Tabern. calls Lingua Passerina, and whose figure was giuen by our Authour for the former, hath a small single whitish root, from which it sends vp a slender stalke some cubit and halfe high, naked on the lower part, but diuided into little branches on the vpper, which branches are set thicke with little narrow leaues like those of Winter Sauorie or 〈◊〉〈◊〉: amongst which grow many little longish seeds of the bignesse and taste of Millet, but somewhat hotter and bitterer. The floures consist of foure small yellow leaues. Tragus calls this 〈◊〉〈◊〉; Dodonaeus makes it Lithospermum minus: and Columna hath set it forth by the name of Lina∣ria altera 〈◊〉〈◊〉 montana. ‡

‡ 14 This which Clusius, hath set forth by the name of Anonymos, or Namelesse, is called in the Hist. Lugd. pag. 1150. Anthyllis montana; and by Tabern. Linaria adulterina. It hath many hard pale greene branches of some foot high; and vpon these without any order grow many hard narrow long leaues like those of flaxe, at first of a very tart, and afterwards of a bitterish taste: the tops of the stalkes are branched into sundry foot-stalkes, which carry little white floures consisting of fiue small leaues lying starre-fashion, with some threds in their middles: after which at length come single seeds fiue cornered, containing a white pith in a hard filme or skin. The root is white, diui∣ded into sundry branches, and liues long, euery yeare sending vp many stalkes, and sometimes cree∣ping like that of Tode-flax. It floures in May, and grows vpon mountainous places of Germany; M^r. Goodyer found it growing wilde on the side of a chalkie hill in an inclosure on the right 〈◊〉〈◊〉 of the way, as you 〈◊〉〈◊〉 from Droxford to Poppie hill in Hampshire. ‡

Notes

• † 1.1

  The 〈◊〉〈◊〉 in this chapter 〈◊〉〈◊〉 most of them false placed, as thus: The third was of 〈◊〉〈◊〉, 〈◊〉〈◊〉. 1. of 〈◊〉〈◊〉, being the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 〈◊〉〈◊〉 of Lobel, described in the fifth place. The 〈◊〉〈◊〉 was of the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 〈◊〉〈◊〉 of Lobel, described here by me in the fifth place. The seuenth was of 〈◊〉〈◊〉 3, 〈◊〉〈◊〉 of Clusius, which you may 〈◊〉〈◊〉 de∣scribed by me in the eighth place. The 〈◊〉〈◊〉 was of 〈◊〉〈◊〉 〈◊〉〈◊〉 of 〈◊〉〈◊〉 being onely a varietie of the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 set 〈◊〉〈◊〉 in the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 place. The 〈◊〉〈◊〉 was of the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 〈◊〉〈◊〉, whose 〈◊〉〈◊〉 I haue giuen you in the fourteenth place. That which was formerly vnder the title of 〈◊〉〈◊〉 〈◊〉〈◊〉 is with a 〈◊〉〈◊〉 〈◊〉〈◊〉 thereto in the thirteenth place.
• † 1.2

  The 〈◊〉〈◊〉 in this chapter 〈◊〉〈◊〉 most of them false placed, as thus: The third was of 〈◊〉〈◊〉, 〈◊〉〈◊〉. 1. of 〈◊〉〈◊〉, being the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 〈◊〉〈◊〉 of Lobel, described in the fifth place. The 〈◊〉〈◊〉 was of the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 〈◊〉〈◊〉 of Lobel, described here by me in the fifth place. The seuenth was of 〈◊〉〈◊〉 3, 〈◊〉〈◊〉 of Clusius, which you may 〈◊〉〈◊〉 de∣scribed by me in the eighth place. The 〈◊〉〈◊〉 was of 〈◊〉〈◊〉 〈◊〉〈◊〉 of 〈◊〉〈◊〉 being onely a varietie of the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 set 〈◊〉〈◊〉 in the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 place. The 〈◊〉〈◊〉 was of the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 〈◊〉〈◊〉, whose 〈◊〉〈◊〉 I haue giuen you in the fourteenth place. That which was formerly vnder the title of 〈◊〉〈◊〉 〈◊〉〈◊〉 is with a 〈◊〉〈◊〉 〈◊〉〈◊〉 thereto in the thirteenth place.
• † 1.3

  The 〈◊〉〈◊〉 in this chapter 〈◊〉〈◊〉 most of them false placed, as thus: The third was of 〈◊〉〈◊〉, 〈◊〉〈◊〉. 1. of 〈◊〉〈◊〉, being the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 〈◊〉〈◊〉 of Lobel, described in the fifth place. The 〈◊〉〈◊〉 was of the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 〈◊〉〈◊〉 of Lobel, described here by me in the fifth place. The seuenth was of 〈◊〉〈◊〉 3, 〈◊〉〈◊〉 of Clusius, which you may 〈◊〉〈◊〉 de∣scribed by me in the eighth place. The 〈◊〉〈◊〉 was of 〈◊〉〈◊〉 〈◊〉〈◊〉 of 〈◊〉〈◊〉 being onely a varietie of the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 set 〈◊〉〈◊〉 in the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 place. The 〈◊〉〈◊〉 was of the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 〈◊〉〈◊〉, whose 〈◊〉〈◊〉 I haue giuen you in the fourteenth place. That which was formerly vnder the title of 〈◊〉〈◊〉 〈◊〉〈◊〉 is with a 〈◊〉〈◊〉 〈◊〉〈◊〉 thereto in the thirteenth place.
• † 1.4

  The 〈◊〉〈◊〉 in this chapter 〈◊〉〈◊〉 most of them false placed, as thus: The third was of 〈◊〉〈◊〉, 〈◊〉〈◊〉. 1. of 〈◊〉〈◊〉, being the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 〈◊〉〈◊〉 of Lobel, described in the fifth place. The 〈◊〉〈◊〉 was of the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 〈◊〉〈◊〉 of Lobel, described here by me in the fifth place. The seuenth was of 〈◊〉〈◊〉 3, 〈◊〉〈◊〉 of Clusius, which you may 〈◊〉〈◊〉 de∣scribed by me in the eighth place. The 〈◊〉〈◊〉 was of 〈◊〉〈◊〉 〈◊〉〈◊〉 of 〈◊〉〈◊〉 being onely a varietie of the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 set 〈◊〉〈◊〉 in the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 place. The 〈◊〉〈◊〉 was of the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 〈◊〉〈◊〉, whose 〈◊〉〈◊〉 I haue giuen you in the fourteenth place. That which was formerly vnder the title of 〈◊〉〈◊〉 〈◊〉〈◊〉 is with a 〈◊〉〈◊〉 〈◊〉〈◊〉 thereto in the thirteenth place.
• † 1.5

  The 〈◊〉〈◊〉 in this chapter 〈◊〉〈◊〉 most of them false placed, as thus: The third was of 〈◊〉〈◊〉, 〈◊〉〈◊〉. 1. of 〈◊〉〈◊〉, being the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 〈◊〉〈◊〉 of Lobel, described in the fifth place. The 〈◊〉〈◊〉 was of the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 〈◊〉〈◊〉 of Lobel, described here by me in the fifth place. The seuenth was of 〈◊〉〈◊〉 3, 〈◊〉〈◊〉 of Clusius, which you may 〈◊〉〈◊〉 de∣scribed by me in the eighth place. The 〈◊〉〈◊〉 was of 〈◊〉〈◊〉 〈◊〉〈◊〉 of 〈◊〉〈◊〉 being onely a varietie of the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 set 〈◊〉〈◊〉 in the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 place. The 〈◊〉〈◊〉 was of the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 〈◊〉〈◊〉, whose 〈◊〉〈◊〉 I haue giuen you in the fourteenth place. That which was formerly vnder the title of 〈◊〉〈◊〉 〈◊〉〈◊〉 is with a 〈◊〉〈◊〉 〈◊〉〈◊〉 thereto in the thirteenth place.
• † 1.6

  The 〈◊〉〈◊〉 in this chapter 〈◊〉〈◊〉 most of them false placed, as thus: The third was of 〈◊〉〈◊〉, 〈◊〉〈◊〉. 1. of 〈◊〉〈◊〉, being the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 〈◊〉〈◊〉 of Lobel, described in the fifth place. The 〈◊〉〈◊〉 was of the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 〈◊〉〈◊〉 of Lobel, described here by me in the fifth place. The seuenth was of 〈◊〉〈◊〉 3, 〈◊〉〈◊〉 of Clusius, which you may 〈◊〉〈◊〉 de∣scribed by me in the eighth place. The 〈◊〉〈◊〉 was of 〈◊〉〈◊〉 〈◊〉〈◊〉 of 〈◊〉〈◊〉 being onely a varietie of the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 set 〈◊〉〈◊〉 in the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 place. The 〈◊〉〈◊〉 was of the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 〈◊〉〈◊〉, whose 〈◊〉〈◊〉 I haue giuen you in the fourteenth place. That which was formerly vnder the title of 〈◊〉〈◊〉 〈◊〉〈◊〉 is with a 〈◊〉〈◊〉 〈◊〉〈◊〉 thereto in the thirteenth place.
• † 1.7

  The 〈◊〉〈◊〉 in this chapter 〈◊〉〈◊〉 most of them false placed, as thus: The third was of 〈◊〉〈◊〉, 〈◊〉〈◊〉. 1. of 〈◊〉〈◊〉, being the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 〈◊〉〈◊〉 of Lobel, described in the fifth place. The 〈◊〉〈◊〉 was of the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 〈◊〉〈◊〉 of Lobel, described here by me in the fifth place. The seuenth was of 〈◊〉〈◊〉 3, 〈◊〉〈◊〉 of Clusius, which you may 〈◊〉〈◊〉 de∣scribed by me in the eighth place. The 〈◊〉〈◊〉 was of 〈◊〉〈◊〉 〈◊〉〈◊〉 of 〈◊〉〈◊〉 being onely a varietie of the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 set 〈◊〉〈◊〉 in the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 place. The 〈◊〉〈◊〉 was of the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 〈◊〉〈◊〉, whose 〈◊〉〈◊〉 I haue giuen you in the fourteenth place. That which was formerly vnder the title of 〈◊〉〈◊〉 〈◊〉〈◊〉 is with a 〈◊〉〈◊〉 〈◊〉〈◊〉 thereto in the thirteenth place.