The Arcadian rhetorike: or The præcepts of rhetorike made plaine by examples Greeke, Latin, English, Italian, French, Spanish, out of Homers Ilias, and Odissea, Virgils Aeglogs, [...] and Aeneis, Sir Philip Sydnieis Arcadia, songs and sonets [...] By A. Fraunce.

THE SECOND BOOKE. (Book 2)

1. Cap. Of vtterance or pronunciation.

OF Eloquution which was the first part of Rhetorike, wee haue spo∣ken alreadie: it now remaineth to talke of Vtterance or Pronun∣ciation the second part. Vtterance is a fit deliuering of the speach alreadie beautifi∣ed. It hath two parts, Voyce and Gesture, the one pertaining to the eare, the other belonging to the eye. A good voyce is to be wished: but although it be but meane, we must haue care to keepe and better it, that whatsoeuer wee vtter, it may be pro∣noūced with a voyce fit for the thing de∣liuered. The voyce must be neither too lowe, nor too high, but meane: for as the one disgraceth all contention and earnest speach, so the other bewraieth a brawling disposition. Nothing is either better for his voyce that speaketh, or more pleasant to the eares of them that heare, than often changing: nothing more hurtfull to the

one, or harsh to the other, than continuall straining without intermission. To brawle in the beginning with a shriking voyce is rude and vnmannerly. It is best to begin with a submisse voyce, and so as∣cend by degrees as occasion serueth. The consideration of voyce is to be had either in seuered words, or in the whole sentēce. In the particular applying of the voyce to seuerall words, wee make tropes that bee most excellent plainly appeare. For with∣out this change of voyce, neither anie Iro∣nia, nor liuely Metaphore can well bee dis∣cerned.

By that kinde of voyce which belong∣eth to whole sentences, all kindes of fi∣gures and passionate ornaments of speach are made manifest. In figures of words which altogether consist in sweete repe∣titions and dimensions, is chiefly conuer∣sant that pleasant and delicate tuning of the voyce, which resembleth the consent and harmonie of some well ordred song: In other figures of affections, the voyce is more manly, yet diuersly, according to the varietie of passions that are to bee expres∣sed.

A sharpe voice is that in Homer 1. Iliad. before in license.

Virgil. 1. Aeneid. Ilioneus his voyce is first milde, then sharpe, and so by degrees enhaunceth it selfe.

O regina! nouam cui condere Iupiter vrbem Iustitiaque dedit gentes fraenare superbas, Troes te miseri ventis maria omnia vecti Oramus, prohibe infandos à nauibus ignes: Parce pio generi, & propius res respice nostras. Non nos aut ferro Lybicos populare penates Venimus, aut raptas ad littora vertere pradas: Non ea vis animo, nec tanta superbia victis. Est locus, Hesperiam Graij cognomine dicunt, Terra antiqua, potens armis atque vbere gleba, Oenotrij coluêre viri: nunc fama, minores Italiam dixisse ducis de nomine gentem, Huc cursus fuit. Cum subito assurgens fluctu nimbosus Orion In vada caeca tulit, penitus{que} procacibus austris Dispulit: huc pauci vestris adnauimus oris. Quod genus hoc hominum, quaeue hunc tam barbara morē Permittit patria? hospitio prohibemur arenae: Bella cient, prima{que} vetant consistere terra. Si genus humanum, & mortalia temnitis arma, At sperate deos memores fandi atque nefandi. Rex erat AEneas nobis, quo iustior alter Nec pietate fuit, nec bello maior & armis: Quem si fata virum seruant, si vescitur aura AEtheria, nec adhuc crudelibus occubat vmbris, Non metus, officio ne te certare priorem Paeniteat, sunt & Siculis regionibus vrbes, Arma{que}, Troiano{que} à sanguine clarus Acestes. Quassatam ventis liceat subducere classem,

Et syluis aptare trabes, & stringere remos, Si datur, Italiam socijs & rege recepto Tendere, vt Italiam laeti Latium{que} petamus. Sin absumpta salus, & te▪ pater optime Teucrûm, Pontus habet Lybiae, nec spes iam restat Iuli, At freta Sicaniae saltem, sedes{que} paratas, Vnde huc aduecti, regem{que} petamus Acestem.

Sir Philip Sydney. 4.

Nay, said Philanax, speaking a lowd, & looking with a iust anger vpon the other Noble men, it is now season to heare Ti∣mantus idle sclanders, while strangers be∣come our Lords, and Basilius murderers sit in his throne.

Salust. Iudith. 1. Mais le vieillard Cambris, prince au reste tresdous Gronde, tremble, pallit de'vn louable courrous: Et rompant ce propos, d'vne vehement langage, Le courage effraié des princes accourage, Plustost dessus mes pies, Terre, creuasse toi, Et dans ton sein ombreus, Beaute, englouti moi, Plustost, ô iuste ciel &c. As before.

A bitter, angrie, cholerike, and furious voyce is that.

Homer. 1. Iliad. Agamemnon. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.

Virg. 4. AEneid. of Dido. Talia dicentem iamdudum auersa tuetur, Huc, illuc voluens oculos, totum{que} pererras Luminibus tacitis, & sic accensa profatur. Nec tibi diua parens generis, nec Dardanus autor Perfide, sed duris genuit te cautibus horrens Caucasus, Hyrcana{que} admorunt vbera tyres. Nam quid dissimulo? aut quae me ad maior a reseruo? Num fletis ingemuit nostro? num lumina flexit? Num lachrymas victus dedit? aut miseratus amantē est? Que quibus ante feram? iam iam nec maxima Iune, Nec Saturnius haec oculis pater aspicit aquis. Nusquam tuta fides. eiectum littore, egentem Excepi, & regus demens in parte locaui: Amissam classem, socios à morte redemi. Heu furijs incensa feror: nunc augur Apollo, Nunc Lycia sortes, nunc & Ioue missus ab alto Interpres diuûm fert horrida iussa per auras. Scilicet is superis labor est, ea cura quietos Sollicitat. neque te teneo, neque dicta refello. I, sequere Italiam ventis, pete regna per vndas. Spero equidem medijs, si quid pia numina possint, Supplicia hausurum scopulis, & nomine Dido Sapè vocaturum sequar atris ignibus absens: Et cùm frigida mors anima seduxerit artus, Omnibus vmbra locis adero: dabis improbe panas: Audiam, & hac manes veniet mihi fama sub imos. Especiallie there. —Proh Iupiter, ibit, Hic, ait, & nostris illuserit aduena regnis? Non arma expedient, tota{que} ex vrbe sequentur? Diripient{que} rates alij naualibus? ite, Ferte citi flammas, dato tela, impellite remos: Quid loquor? aut vbi sum? qua mentem insania mutat?

Sir Philip Sydney. 3. Gynecia.

O said Gynecia, how good leasure haue you to frame these scornfull answeres. Is Gynecia thus to be despised? am I so vile a worme in your sight? No, no, trust vnto it, hard hearted tygre, I will not be the on∣ly actor of this tragedie. Since I must fall, I will presse downe some others with my ruines. Since I must burne, my spitefull neighbours shall feele of my fire. Dooest thou not perceaue that my diligent eyes haue pearced through the clowdie maske of thy disguisement? Haue I not told thee ô foole, (if I were not much more foole) that I know thou wouldest abuse vs with thy outward shewe? wilt thou still attend the rage of loue in a womans heart? The girle thy well chosen Mistres, perchaunce shall defend thee, when Basilius shal know, how thou hast sotted his minde with fals∣hood, and falsly sought the dishonour of his house. Beleeue it, beleeue it, vnkinde creature, I will ende my miseries with a notable example of reuenge: and that ac∣cursed cradle of mine shall feele the smart of my wound, thou of thy tyrany, & lastly

I confesse my selfe of my owne worke.

Torquat. Tass.

Torrismondo speaketh so almost in euerie part of Torrismondo.

Salust. Iudith 2. —O prophete effronté, Di moi quelle Sibylle, ou Tre-piè t'a dictè Ces oracles certains? quel demon t'a fait croire Que furles Syriens Isac aura victoire? Aster, Meur, meur donques mechant: de tal ingue saussaire Et de ton double coeur reç oi le deu salaire, &c.

Homer. 1. Il. Achilles to Agamemnon. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, &c.

Virgil. 2. Aeneid. Aeneas. Talibus insidijs, periurique arte Sinouis Credita res: capti{que} dolis, lachrymisque coactis, Quos neque Tydides, neque Larissaus Achillet, Non anni domuêre decem, non mille carinae.

Where, in the last verses euerie thing must be dilated and produced, the mouth opened, the vowells drawen out, that the Troyan calamitie may there especiallie appeare.

Sir Philip Sydney 1. Philanan to Basilius.

No he can not be good, that knowes not why hee is good, but stands so farre

good, as his fortune may keepe him vnas∣sayled: but comming to that his rude simplicitie, is either easily changed, or ea∣sily deceaued, and so growes that to bee the last excuse of his fault, which seemed might haue been the first foundation of his faith.

Torquat. Tass. 4. Pluto. Tartarei Numi, di seder più degni Là sour' il sole, ond èl'origin vostra: Che meco già dà i più felici regni Spinse il gran caso in quest horribil chiostra: Gli antichi altrui sospetti, è t ferisdegni Noti son troppo, èl'alta impresa nostra: Hor colui regge à suo voler le stelle, Evoi siam giudicati alme rubelle.

A moderate, temperate, and stayed voyce is that:

Homer 1. Iliad. Calchas. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.

Virgil. 2. Aeneid. Priamus to Sinon. Quisquis es, amissos hinc tam obliuiscere Gratos, Nostereris: mihi{que} haec edissere vera roganti: Quò molem hanc immanis equistatuêre? quis autor? Quidue petunt? quae relligio? aut qua machina belli?

Sir Philip Sydney 2. Cleophila to the people.

Heare therefore, ô Arcadians, and bee ashamed. Against whome hath this zea∣lous rage been sturred? Whether haue you bent these manfull weapons of yours? In this quiet harmelesse Lodge there are harboured no Troyans your auncient ene∣mies; nor Persians, whome you haue in present feare. Heere lodge none but such, as either you haue great cause to loue, or no cause to hate. &c.

Chapter 2. Of the application of the voyce to seuerall affections.

THese things bee common almost to anie kinde of affection: nowe a word or two of peculiar voyces ap∣plyable to certaine affections. In pitie and lamentation, the voyce must be full, sob∣bing, flexible, interrupted, as

Homer. Ρ. Iliad. Iupiter. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. &c.

Virgil. 4. Georg. Of Eurydice. Illa, quis & me, inquit, miseram & te perdidit Orpheu? Quis tantus furor? en iterum crudelia retrò Fata vocant, conditque natantia lumina somnus. Iamque vale. Feror ingenti circundata nocte, Inualidasque tibi tendens, heu, non tua palmas. 1. Of Venus. Atque illum tales iactantem pectore curas, Tristior, & lachrymis oculos suffusa nitentes Alloquitur Venus, ô qui res hominûmque deûmque Aeternis regis imperijs, & fulmine terres. Quid meus Aeneas in te committere tantum, Quid Troes potuêre, quibus tot funera passis, Cunctus ob Italiam terrarum clauditur orbis, &c.

Sir Philip Sydney. 3. Philoclea to her selfe.

Ah silly soule, that couldest please thy selfe with so impossible imagination.

For Tasso and Salust. See miserie in Ex∣clamation: and see also Addubitation.

Boscan. 2. Hero to Leander. Mi dulce bien, mi dulce esposo, y dulce

Coraçon mio, por quien todo me es dulce, Pudiste tu mi bien tan gran trabaio, Y peligro passar como has passado? Pudiste tu romper las fuertes ondas Con la blanda ternez dessos tus pechos? Y pude yo ponerte en auentura De perderte en vnpunto, y de perderme? Puede ponerte yo en tanto peligro, Como ha sido passar, la mar anado? Si fuera tu enemiga, que pudiero Hazer mas contrati de lo que he hecho, &c.

In anger, shrill, sharpe, quicke, short.

Homer. 1. Iliad. Agamemnon to Chryseis. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.

Virgil. 1. Aeneid. Neptune. Eurum ad se Zephirúmque vocat, dehine talia fatur. Tantane vos generis tenuit fiducia vestri, Iam coelum terramque meo sine numine venti, Miscere, & tantas audetis tollere moles?

Quos ego: sed prastas motos componere fluctus, Post mihi non simili poena commissa luetis. Maturate fugam, regique haec dicite vestro, Non illi imperium pelagi, saeuúmque tridentem, Sed mihi sorte datum: tenet ille immanta saxa, Vestras, Eure, domes: illa se iactet in aula Aeolus, & clauso ventorum carcere regnet.

Sir Philip Sydney 3. Of Basilius.

And therefore bending his browes, as though hee were not a man to take the matter as hee had done; What, said, hee, shall my Wife bee my Mistresse? Thinke you not that thus much time hath taught mee to rule her? I will mewe the Gen∣tlewoman till shee haue cast all her fea∣thers, if shee rowse her selfe against mee. And withall hee walked vp and downe, nodding his head as though they mis∣tooke him much, that thought hee was not his wiues master.

In feare and bashfulnesse, contracted, stammering, trembling.

Such was Tullyes voyce in most of his beginnings.

So Helena to Priamus, in the Troyan Towre Homer. Iliad. 3. And, Vlisses to Nasicaa Alcinous his daughter,

〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. &c.

Virgil. 3. Aeneid. Aeneas of Andromache. Vt me conspexit venientem, & Troia circum Arma amens vidit: magnis exterrita monstris Diriguit visu in medio, calor ossa reliquit, Labitur, & longo vix tandem tempore fatur: Verane te facies, verus mihi nuntius affers, Nate Dea, Viuisne? aut si lux alma recessit, Hector vbi est? dixit, lachrymasque effudit, & omnem, Impleuit clamore locum,

Sir Philip Sydney 2. Philocea.

Alas how painfull a thing it is to a di∣uided minde to make a well ioyned aun∣swere?

Salust. Iudith 6. Iudith to Holophernes. Si tost qu'ils sont dehors, Holoferne caresse La tremblante Iudit. Cesse ó grand Prince, cesse, (Dit la veufue) & pourquoi te veus tu tant hater De cuellit le dous fruit qu' on ne te peut oter? Mé toi donc daus le lit, ou, pont te heureuse, prendre, Tes dous embrassemens, ie ne faudray me rendre, Quand i'aurai decharge de tant' d'habillemens Mon cors brulant d'amour, & flairant d'oignemens.

Boscan. 3. Aristeus. Tu lo sabes Protheo, respondio el moço, Tu lo sabes muy bien, pues nada puede A tu grande saber ser escondido. Yo vengo aqui por mandamiento expresso Del'alta diuina sabiduria, Y vengo te a pedir algun socorro, A mi calamidad tan miserabile.

In ioy, gladnes, or pleasure, tender, mild, sweetlie flowing.

Sir Philip Sydney. 3. Musidorus when Pamela slept. Lock vp faire lidds, the treasures of my heart, Preserue those beames, this ages onlie light: To her sweet sence, sweet sleepe, some ease impart, Her sence too weake to beare her spirits might. &c.

Salust. Iudith. 6 Iudith. Ouures (dit elle) ouures: car dieu nostre grand dieu A froisse cete nuit la force Assyriene, Et haussé iusq'au ciel la corne Isaciene.

In anguish and griefe of mind without compassion, a hollow voyce fetcht from the bottome of the throate, groaning.

Homer. 1. Iliad. Achilles. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. &c.

Virg. 1. AEneid. AEneas. —ó terque quaterque beatos Queis ante ora patrum Troiae sub moenibus altis Contigit oppetere▪ o Danaûm fortissime gentis Tydide, mene Iliacis occumbere campis Non potuisse? tua{que} animam hanc effundere dextra, Saeuos vbi AEacidae telo iacet Hector: vbi ingens Sarpedon: vbi tot Simois correpta sub vndis Scuta virûm, galeas{que}, & fortia corpora voluit.

Sir Philip Sydney. 2. Gynecia.

O Deserts, Deserts, how fit a guest am I for you? since my heart is fuller of wild rauenous beasts, than euer you were.

Torquat. Tass. 4. Ahi, quando mai la Tana, ò'l Reno, òl' Istro, O l'inospite mare, ò'l mar vermiglio, O l'onde Caspie, òl' Ocean profondo Potran lauar occulta, e'ndegna colpa Che mi tinse, e macchio le membra, e l' alma? Viuo ancor dun{que}, e spiro, e veggio il sole? Ne la luce del mondo ancor dimore? E reson detto, e caualier m'appello? La spada al fianco io porto, in man lo scettro Ancor sostegno, e la corona in fronte? E pur v' è chi m'inchina, ô chim' assorge, E forse anchor chi m' ama: &c. And a little after. Ma che mipuò giouar, s'io non m'ascondo A me medesmo? oime, son'io, son'io, Quel che fuggito hor sono, e quel che fuggo: Di me stesso ho vergogna▪ e scorno, & outa, Odioso a me fatto, e graùe pondo.

Che gioua, ch'io non oda, e non pauenti I detti, e'l mormorar del folle volgo, O la'ccusi de▪ saggi, ò i fieri morsi Di troppo acuto, o velenoso dente? Si la mia propria conscienza a immonda Altamente nel cor rimbomba, e mugge, S'ella à vespro mi grida, & à le squille, Se mi sueglia te notti, e rompe il sonno, E mille miei confusi, e trifti sogni? Misero me, non Cerbero, non Scilla Cosilatrò, come io ne l'alma h••r sent•• Il suo fiero latrar, non mostr••, od angu•• Nel' Africa arenosa, od Hidra in Lerna, O di Furia in Cocito empia cerasta Morse giamai, com' ella rode, e morde.

In desiring, soothing, flattring, yeelding, gratifying, a smoothing and submisse voyce.

Homer. 1. Iliad. Thetis. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, &c.

Virg. 1. Aen. Ad quā tùm Iuno supplex his vocibus vsa est. AEole (namque tibi, &c. Aeneid. 4. Dido. Mene fugis? per ego has lachrymas, &c. 1. AEneid. AEolus yeelding to Iuno. AEolus hac contra: tuus, ô Regina, quid optes Explorare labor, &c. Elsewhere Aeneas to Dido. O sola infandos Troiae miserata labores, Qua nos relliquias, &c.

Sir Philip Sydney. 3. Gynecia.

By the happie woman that bare thee, by all the ioyes of thy heart, and successe of thy desire, I beseech thee, turne thy selfe into some consideration of me, and rather shewe pitie, in now helping me, than in too late repenting my death, which hour∣lie threatens me.

Torquat. Tass. 12. Clorinda dying to Tancred. Amico, hai vinto: io ti perdon: perdona Tù ancora: al corpo nò: che nulla paue: Al' alma si, deh per lei prega: e dona Battesmo à mè, ch' ogni sua macchia laue. In queste voci languide risuona Vn nonso che di stabile, e soaue Ch' alcor gli serpe: & ogni sdegno ammorza: Egl' occh•• à lagrimar gl'inuoglia, e sforza.

Salust Iudith 4. Holofern. Le tyran lui respond, ó dorure du monde, O dame egalëment belle, honeste, & faconde, Vous soiés bien-venue, & tou iour puissies vous Auee contentement seiourner auec nous. Si vous m'estes autant fidele & veritable, Comme à l' oreille, & l' oeil ie vous trouue agreable, Ie veus dor-en-auant-adorer ce grand dieu, Qui seul est adorè de vostre peuple Hebrieu: Ie veus que vous soiés dor-en-auant la dame Non de mon sceptre seul, ains aussi de mon ame: Ie veus que desormais vostre nom soit conu Et del' Ebre, & du Gange, & del' Istre cornu.

Boscan. 3. Leander. O Neptuno, que a ti quiero boluerme, Y tornar otra vez à suplicarte, Por estas tantas lagrimas que vierto, Por el mal entran̄able que padesco, Por la veiezy el llanto de mis padres, Por el afrenta y por la muerte de Hero, Por los dolores que de amor sentiste, En el amor de quantas te he nombrado, Que ataies esta mar que anda boluiendo, A leuantar sus poderosas fuerças, Contra vn hombre tanflaco y tan cuytado, Como agora yo estoy en esta arena.

This shall suffice for the framing of our voyce both in single wordes and also in whole sentences. The practise and exer∣cise is all in all: learne therfore some such speach wherein are contained all, or most varieties of voyce, and oftentimes vse to pronounce the same in such order and with as great heed as if thou were to vtter it in some great assemblie. Walking a litle after supper, annoynting, moderation of diet, and such like bodilie pleasures keepe the voyce in temper.

Cap. 3. Of action or gesture of the whole bodie.

HEtherto of voyce: now of gesture and action, which is both more ex∣cellent and more vniuersall than voyce: as belonging not onelie to those that vse the same speach, but generallie to all people, yea to beasts and senceles crea∣tures, as the verie pictures which being dumme, yet speake by gesture and action. The gesture must followe the change and varietie of the voyce, answering thereun∣to in euerie respect: yet not parasiticallie as stage plaiers vse, but grauelie and de∣centlie as becommeth men of greater cal∣ling. Let the bodie therefore with a man∣like and graue motion of his sides rather followe the sentence than expresse euerie particular word. Stand vpright & straight as nature hath appoynted: much waue∣ring and ouercurious and nice motion is verie ridiculous.

Cap. 4. Of the gesture of the head, eyes, lipps, &c.

THus much of the whole body: now to the parts, and first the head. The holding downe of the head, and ca∣sting downe of the eyes betokeneth mo∣destie.

Homer. 3. Iliad. of Helena. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, &c.

Virg. of Dido. 1. AEneid. Tum breuiter Dido vultum demissa profatur, Soluite corde metus, Teucri, &c. And 3. AEneid of Andromache. Deiecit vultum, & demissa voce loquuta est, O faelix vna ante alias Priameia virgo, &c.

Sir Philip Sidney. 2. of Philoclea.

At length Philoclea, hauing a while mu∣sed how to wade betwixt her own hope∣les affection, and her fathers vnbrideled hope, with blushing cheekes, and eyes cast downe to the ground, began to say. My father, to whom I owe my selfe, and ther∣fore must performe all dueties vnto.

Torquat. Tass. 2 of Alete when he came to speake before Godfrey. Mà la destra sipose Alete al seno, E chinol▪ capo, epiego à terra i lumi, E l'honoro con ogni modo à pieno, Che disua gente portino i costumi: Commincio poscia, e disua bocca vscieno, Più che mel dolci, d' eloquentia i fiumi, O degno sol, &c. 4. Of Armida speaking to the same Godfrey. Esta a inchinollo riuerente, epoi Vergognosetta non facea parola Mà quei rossor, mà quei timori su•••• Rassicura il guerriero, e riconsola: Si ch'i pensati inganni al fine spiega In suon, che di dolcezza i sensilega.

So did Vlisses cast his eyes on the ground.

The countenance must turne with the bodie, vnlesse we cast aside the face in to∣ken of detestation or abhorring anie abo∣minable thing.

Homer. Π. Iliad. of Iupiter. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. And Ζ. Iliad. of Pallas. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.

Virg. 3. Aeneid. Achemenides of Polyphemus. —dij talem terris auertite pestem. 3. Georg. Dij meliora pijs, errorem{que} hostibus illum. 1. Aen. Of Pallas being angrie. Diua solo fixos oculos auersa tenebat.

The shaking of the head noteth griefe and indignation: sometimes also compas∣sion. A nodd is a token of a graunt.

Homer. 1. Iliad. Iupiter to Thetis. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. &c. The same Iupiter, Iliad. Ρ. when Hector had the spoyles of Patroclus. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, &c.

Virg. 1. Aeneid. Iuno. Tum quassans caput, hac effudit pectore dicta, Heu stirpem inuisam, &c.

Sir Philip Sidney. 1. Pyrocles.

In so much that shaking his head, and deliuering some shewe of teares, he thus vttered his griefe: Alas, said he, Prince Musidorus, how cruellie you deale with me▪

To make often gesture with the head alone is forbidden. But the chiefest force of the head is in the countenance, and of the countenance, in the eyes, which ex∣pres liuelilie euen anie conceit or passion of the mind: as therfore the face & coun∣tenance must bee comelilie and orderlie composed, so the eyes verie diligentlie are to be regarded.

Homer. 3. Iliad. Menelaus. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, &c. So, 1. Iliad, of Agamem. chafed. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. There of Achilles. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. 4. Of Vlisses and Diomedes. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.

Virg 2. AEneid. At pater Anchises oculos ad sidera latus Extulit, & caelo palmas cum voce tetendit, Iupiter omnipotens, &c.

Sir Philip Sidney 2 of Gynecia.

Insomuch that hauing a great while cast her countenaunce gastlie about her, as if shee had calde all the powers of the world to bee witnes of her wretched e∣state, at length casting vp her watrie eyes to heauen; O sonne, said she, &c.

Torquat. Tass. 12. Leuò al fin gli occhi'e disse, ò dio, che scerni L' opre più occulto.

Salust. Iudith 6 of Iudith. Etant donc de ce point saintement resoluë, Vers le pole elle eleue & ses mains & sa veuë: Et puis à basse vois prie ainsi l'Eternel. O bon dieu &c.

Boscan. 3. of Leander. Boluiendo al cielo sus cansados oios, A los mayores dioses y menores, &c.

The lipps, nose, chin, shoulders must be also carefullie looked vnto and decentlie moderated; the particular ordering is left to euerie mans discretion.

Cap. 5. Of the gesture of the arme, hand, fingers, &c.

THe casting out of the right arme is as it were an arming of the speach, & becommeth continued and flow∣ing sentences, where the verie speach it selfe seemeth to powre forth it selfe with the stretching out of the arme.

Homer. 1. Achilles to Calchas. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.

Virg. 4. Dido. Sed mihi vel tellus optem prius ima dehiscat, &c.

Sir Philip Sid, 3. Gynecia.

The sauagest beasts are wonne with ser∣uice, and there is no flint but may be mol∣lified: how is Gynecia so vnworthie in thine eyes? or whom cannot aboundance of loue make worthie?

Torquat. Tass. 4. Godfredo to Armida. Ben ti prometto, e tu per nobil pegno Mia fe ne prendi, e vius in les sicura, Che se mas sottrarrem dal grogo indegno Queste sacre, e dal ciel dilette mura: De ritornaris al tuo perduto regno (Come pietà m'essorta) haurem poi cura: Hor mi farebbe la pietà men pio, ganzi il suo dritto io non rendessi à dio.

Salust Iudith. 3 Iudith. Tous peches sont peches: mais ce peché surpasse Tant d'enormes forfaits, dont notre aueugle audace Fait guerre au sacré ciel: car par lui le seigneur Est comme degradé de'ses titres d'honneur, Pour les communiquer aux pierres cizeleés, Aux trones, aux masses d'or subtilement moulées.

Garcilass. 1. Aeg. Salicius. Con mi llorar las piedras enternecen su natural dureza y la quebrantan, los arboles parece que se inclinan, las aues que m'escuchan, quando cantan. Con diferente vozse condolecen, Y mi morir cantando me adeuiuan.

Las fieras que reclinan, su cuerpo fatigado, dexan el sossegado, suenno por escuchar mi llanto triste. Tu sola contra mi t'endureciste, los oios aun si quiera no boluiendo a los que tu heziste, salid sin duelo lagrimas corriendo.

Without the hand the gesture is no∣thing, yet a moderation is to be had in the gesture of the hand and fingers, that it ra∣ther follow than goe before and expresse the words.

V. Aen. 12. At pius Aeneas dextram tendebat inermem, Nudato capite, atque suos clamore vocabat, Quo ruitis? quaeue ista repens discordia surgit? O cohibete iras, &c. And there of Turnus. Significatque manu, & magno simul incipit ore, Parcite vos Rutuli, & vos tela inhibete Latini: Quaecunque est fortuna, mea est &c.

There is no gesture of the left hand a∣lone, but the left hand ioyned with the right is fit for addubitations or doubts, & obtestations or prayers, & verie much fre∣quented.

Home. 1. Iliad of Achilles.

〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. There, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.

Virgil. 1. Aeneid. Aeneas. Ingemit, & duplices tendens ad sidera palmas, Talia voce refert: ô terque quaterque beati, Queis ante ora patrum, Troiae sub moenibus altis Contigit oppetere, &c. There Sinon. Sustulit exutas vinclis ad sidera palmas. And Cass. Ad coelum tendens ardentia lumina frustra, Lumina, nam tener as arcebant vincula palmas. 2. Aen. At pater Anchises oculos ad sidera latus Extulit, & coelo palmas cum voce tetendit, &c. 3. Aen. —tendo{que} supinas Ad caelum cum voce manus. And, At pater Anchises passie de littore palmis Numina magna vocat. 4. of Iarbas. Multa Iouem manibus supplex orasse supinis, Iupiter omnipotens &c.

Torquat. Tass. 13. of Godfredo. Giunge le palme, e fiamme gianti in zelo Gli oechi riuolge, e parole al cielo. Padre, e signor, &c.

Salust. Iudith. 2. Dresse droit vers le pole, & ses mains, & ses ieus, Puis parle en cete sortè: ô grand dieu qui presides, &c.

The clapping of the hands is fitter for the stage than the court.

Thus much of the whole hand: the parts follow: the middle finger meeting with

the thumbe and the other three stretched out, is an vrgent and instant gesture. The former finger stretched out doth point at or showe, when the other three are closed and kept in with the thumbe. In expostu∣lating or declaring of anie thing, this for∣mer finger dooth affirme and asseuere, when it is somewhat inclined and bowed downe, the whole hand now and then somewhat lifted vp, and tending towards the shoulders. If it bee turned directly downe towards the ground, it vrgeth.

That gesture is verie fit for modest spea∣ches and bashfull beginnings when the 4. first fingers a little going together in the ende, the hand it selfe is brought not farre from the mouth or breast of him that speaketh to those that heare, & then after turned downward, and somewhat spread abroad, it looseth againe.

Cap. 46. Of the gesture of other parts of the bodie.

FOR the other parts of the bodie, no man is almost ignorāt of the vnseem∣ly gesture of them, as, to cast out the belly & breast: yet to strike the breast is

not 〈1 page〉〈1 page〉

〈2+ pages missing〉〈2+ pages missing〉