Deuout contemplations expressed in two and fortie sermons vpon all ye quadragesimall Gospells written in Spanish by Fr. Ch. de Fonseca Englished by. I. M. of Magdalen Colledge in Oxford

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Deuout contemplations expressed in two and fortie sermons vpon all ye quadragesimall Gospells written in Spanish by Fr. Ch. de Fonseca Englished by. I. M. of Magdalen Colledge in Oxford
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Fonseca, Cristóbal de, 1550?-1621.
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London :: Printed by Adam Islip,
anno Domini. 1629.
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Lenten sermons -- Early works to 1800.
Sermons, Spanish -- Early works to 1800.
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http://name.umdl.umich.edu/A01020.0001.001
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"Deuout contemplations expressed in two and fortie sermons vpon all ye quadragesimall Gospells written in Spanish by Fr. Ch. de Fonseca Englished by. I. M. of Magdalen Colledge in Oxford." In the digital collection Early English Books Online. https://name.umdl.umich.edu/A01020.0001.001. University of Michigan Library Digital Collections. Accessed June 14, 2024.

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Page 104

THE SEVENTH SERMON, VPON THE TVESDAY AFTER THE FIRST SVN∣DAY IN LENT. (Book 7)

MAT. 21.

Cum introisset Iesus Hierosolymam, commota est vniuersa Ciuitas.

When Iesus entred into Ierusalem, the whole Citie was troubled.

THe Storie of this Gospell is set downe at large in those two Chapters,* 1.1 In Tomo miraculorum, which was a fit place to treat thereof. For Origen saith, That this was a greater miracle than Christs turning of Water into Wine, at the Wedding in Canaan. And Saint Hierome, That it was greater than any other of our Sauiours miracles; Inter Signa omnia, quae fecit, hoc videtur mirabilius: And the reason is, For that in Lazarus that was dead, and in the Man that was blind, hee met with no contradiction or repugnancie: but for to mooue so many, nay, so innumerable wills as those of Ierusalem, and that they should be drawne to receiue him as their King and Mes∣sias, whom the Clergie and Nobilitie did so much hate & abhorre, carries with it a plaine and manifest resistance. And, as Saint Augustine saith, That to iustifie a Soule, is more than to create Heauen and Earth, in regard of the opposition which the will of Man may make thereunto; so, for our Sauior to mooue those that were aliue in that most populous Citie, was more than to raise the dead.

And for confirmation of this Doctrine, let vs suppose that the earth is of that stabilitie and firmenesse, that to mooue it is a Blazon or Cognisance only belon∣ging vnto God. Ecclesiasticus saith, Terra autem in eternum stat. And Athanasis giuing the reason thereof, saith, That God did knit and fasten it in the middest of the world with such strong chains, that it remained altogether immoouable, as beeing the Center to all the rest which God had created. Qui fundasti terram super stabilitatem suam: The Greeke reads it Securitatem, or Infallibilitatem. And

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therefore many Phylosophers were of opinion, That all the power of the Gods were not able to mooue it from it's place. But because nothing is impossible vn∣to God and his omnipotent power, the Scripture almost in euerie place saith, That the Heauen, the earth, and that which is vnder the earth, and all the firme∣nesse and strong foundation thereof, are mooued, and shake and tremble at the twinckling of his eyes. If then to mooue the Earth (which is a dead thing, and which cannot make resistance, nor contradiction) bee onely the Blazon and Cog∣nisance of God; What a thing then is it, to mooue this liuing Earth, which en∣ioyes it's owne libertie, and may out of it's stubbornenesse say vnto God, I will not. But admit it should say, I will, the miracle is no lesse, but rather a manifest token of Gods diuine power and omnipotencie.

It is likewise to be noted, That all the entrances which our Sauiour Christ made, were with a great deale of noyse and clamour. In that first which he made in the world, Haggie prophecied,* 1.2 That he should turne the Heauen and the Earth topsi-turuie. And God did performe it, vsing as his Instrument therein, the Em∣perour Octauianus Augustus. In that which hee made into Aegypt, he did trou∣ble all that Kingdome, by throwing their Idolls downe to the ground, as it was prophecied by Esayas, Commouebuntur simulachra Aegypti: So doth Procopius de∣clare it, Eusebius, Athanasius, and Saint Austen: But say, That in these his entran∣ces there was a generall motion, yet was there not a generall obedience. But here Commota est vniuersa Ciuitas: The Greeke saith, Velut terrae motu concussa fuit. As if it had suffered an vniuersal earthquake; there was neither old man, nor wo∣man, nor child, &c.

This is a great encarecimiento, or endeering of the matter.

First, Because our Sauiour preaching about the Cities and Townes of that Kingdome, the Euangelists deliuer vnto vs, That all the Inhabitants that were in those parts, left their houses and their villages emptie and forsaken, and only for to follow him. S. Marke, he saith, Et conueniebant ad eum vndique, vt iam non posset manifeste introire in Ciuitatem, sed in Desertis locis esset. And Saint Luke, That they troad one another vnder foot, and crusht the breath out of their bodies, and on∣ly to presse to heare him; Ita vt se mutuò suffocarent. But it is to be supposed, that many likewise staid at home; but in this his entrance into Hierusalem, God would haue this lot to light vpon all, and therefore it is said, Vniuersa Ciuitas, The whole Citie.

Seondly, In regard of the infinite number of Inhabitants that were in that Citie; which (as Plinie reporteth) was in those dayes the famousest in all the East: And, in a manner, all those that haue writ thereof make mention of foure millions of persons. Iosephus relateth, That the President of Syria beeing desi∣rous to render an account vnto Nero, of the greatnesse of that Commonwealth, did desire of the high Priests, that they would giue him a true note of the num∣ber of those Lambs which they sacrificed one Sabboth, which were afterwards eaten by seuerall companies and Housholds, some consisting of ten, some of 15, and some, 20 soules; and they found,* 1.3 that they did sacrifice at euerie one of those their solemne Sabboths, two hundred fiftie six thousand and fiue hundred Lambes; which, according to the rate of fifteene persons in a companie, amount to foure millions and fiue hundred thousand. But withall, it is to be noted, that neither the Sicke nor the children were present thereat. But here, Vniuersa Ciui∣tas, The whole Citie came, some out of passion, and some out of affection.

Thirdly, For that our Sauior Christ was alreadie condemned to death by the Chapter house of the Clergie, who had called a Conuocation, to send out

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Serjeants and Souldiers for the apprehending of him, and had published Procla∣mations of rewards to those that should bring him bound vnto them: that then, and at such a time the whole Citie should receiue him with Songs and acclama∣tions of King, Messias, and God (being a proscribed man, and doomed to death) Haec mutatio dextrae excelsi, This was an alteration which could not proceed but from the most High.

Commota est vniuersa Ciuitas.

The whole Citie was mooued. Ierusalem had beene long settled in it's vices, Visitabo super viros defixos in sordibus suis, Moab requieuit in faecibus suis, I will search Ierusalem with candles, and punish the men that are settled on their lees, &c. And as the wise Phisitions stirre and trouble the humours, cause loa∣things and gripings in the stomacke; so our Sauiour Christ in the breast of eue∣rie one causeth a squeamishnesse of the stomacke by moouing and stirring those foule dregges of sinne wherewith they were corrupted. Et commota est vniuersa Ciuitas.* 1.4 Many old diseases are woont to be cured with some sudden passion, as of sorrow, or feare, or by some great and violent vomit; for euerie one of these accidents make a pause in the humours, and detaine the spirits: An Ague hath been seen to be put out of his course, and quite taken away by the sudden draw∣ing of a sword vpon the Patient: and a Palsey driuen away with the sight of a mans enemie. And Horace telleth vs, That a couetous Miser was recouered of a great Lethargie, by the Physitions feigning that his heires were carrying away his bagges of money, and the Chests wherein his Treasure lay. In like manner, in the infirmities of the Soule, one turbation, one disquieting, one breaking vp of those Chests wherein our sinnes are massed vp, may bee the recouerie of our perdition. This made Dauid to say of his Soule, Sana contritiones eius, quia com∣mota est, O Lord, my Soule is troubled within me, when I consider the foule∣nesse of my sinnes; it is sad and melancholy for the verie griefe thereof; it is much disquieted: And therefore (ô Lord) Sana contritiones eius, affoord me thy helping hand, for it is now high time to cure me of my sore.

Quis est hic? Who is this?

* 1.5This was a question of the enuious and appassionated Pharisees: Howbeit it seemeth to Origen, That it should proceed from some good honest people, &c. Howsoeuer, it was a question, whereunto no man could fully answer: put The∣ologie, the sacred Scripture, the Doctors, the Saints, the Councells, the Arts, the Sciences, and all the Hierarchies of Angells, put them all (I say) together, and put this question vnto them, and after that they haue said all they can say, all will be too little to satisfie this demand of Quis est hic? Who is this? One of Iobs friends treating of the Maiestie and greatnesse of God, and how incomprehen∣sible a thing it was, saith, Forsitan vestigia Dei comprehendes? Et vsque ad perfectum omnipotentem reperies?* 1.6 Canst thou by searching find out Gods footsteps? Canst thou find out the Almightie vnto perfection? By the tracke of his footsteps, he vnderstandeth these inferior things that are guided and gouerned by his prouidence; And by perfection, which is the head of all, the highnesse of his Wisedome. In a word, In all, God is altogether inuestigable; in regard of his heigth, the Heauens come short of him, Excelsior Coelo est; see then if thou canst reach vnto him. Which consideration made Saint Austen to say, That God is not onely present in earth, which is his footstoole, and in Heauen, which is his Throne; but in those which are to be immagined elsewhere. How then canst thou reach vnto him, beeing

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more deepe than Hell, longer than the Earth, and broader than the Sea? God tharefore beeing on the one side so embowelled in and beneath the Earth; and on the other, so wholely out of the same, (as Saint Hilarie prooueth it, Intus & extra super omnia, & internus in omnia;) How can hee fully know all, that is in Heauen, in Hell, in the bowells of the Earth, or in the bottome of the Sea? Many perhaps cannot giue a full answer to this; but the Pharisees, had they not beene blinded with enuie, might haue contented themselues with that of Moses, For he hath written of me; or of Ezechiel, who did prophecie of him, That he was the King and Sheepheard of Israell; or of Iohn Baptist, who poin∣ted him out vnto them as it were with the finger; or of his Workes and Mira∣cles, For they beare witnesse of me; of the Father,* 1.7 who proclaimed him in Ior∣dan to be his Sonne; of the Deuils of Hell, who with open voyce acknowled∣ged him to be the Sonne of God; of the little children, who cried out, Hosan∣na to the Sonne of Dauid, blessed is he that commeth in the name of the Lord.

Quis est hic? Who is this?* 1.8 Diuers and sundrie times Christ had entred into Hierusalem, and they had neuer askt this question before: but now the triumph and the Maiestie of this King awakens the tongues of these enuious People, who now begin to aske, Quis est hic? It hath beene an antient question doubted of, of old, Which is the better life, that of a publique, or a priuate person▪ Seneca in an Epistle of his, seemeth to fauour the former; Miserable (saith he) is that mans fortune who hath no enemie to enuie him. And Persius saith, That it is a great glorie to haue men point with the finger, and to say, There goes the Kings Fa∣uourite. But Iob, hee seemeth to like better of the latter, O,* 1.9 that I had gi∣uen vp the ghost, and no eye had seene me: would I had beene as though I had not beene: and that I had beene carried from the wombe to the graue. Wishing himselfe to haue beene of that short continuance in the world, that no man might haue knowne whither he had died or liued. And Horace, Neque vixit malè, qui natus moriensque fefellit, His life let none bemone, who liu'd and di'd vnknowne. Both liues haue so much to be said on either side, that the question remaines yet vnresolued. But admit that a publike life be the more desired, yet it is not the safest; for alwayes the more honour, the more danger.

Who is this? Your great Persons, and those that prosper in the world, carrie wheresoeuer they goe, such a noyse with them, that they giue occasion to the People to aske, Quis est hic? Iohn Baptist when hee thundered out in the Desert, (clad in Camells haire) That the Kingdome of God was at hand; iudging him to be some coelestiall Monster, they sent out to enquire of him, with a Tu quis es? Who art thou? The Angells seeing our Sauiour Christ ascend vnto Heauen with such a deale of Maiestie and glorie as was neuer seene before; began to aske, Quis es iste qui venit de Edom? Who is he that commeth from Edom? And Esay spea∣king of a great Tyrants comming downe to Hell, saith, Hell was troubled at thy comming. In a word, it is true in nature, That the loftie Cedars, and the highest and tallest Pine Trees make the greatest noyse when they are shaken with the wind; and the greatest Riuers the greatest roaring: And therefore it is no mer∣uaile they should aske, Who is this? When a Merchant shall go apparelled and at∣tended like a Knight, or some great Lord, and his wife and daughters like a great Ladie and her children; Who will not aske, Quis est hic? I knew his Grandfa∣ther, &c. And for that the Pharisees were enuious, they did speake reprochful∣ly of our Sauiour, euerie foot vpbraiding him, That he was a Carpenter, and the sonne of a Carpenter; and seeing him now enter Ierusalem like a King, they de∣manded in scorne, Quis est hic?

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Hic est Iesus Propheta à Nazareth Galileae.

* 1.10This is Iesus. By name a Sauiour, and by office a Prophet; Alluding to that promise made in Deutronomie, I will raise vp a Prophet of thine owne Nation: Bee∣ing a plaine Prophesie of our Sauiour Christ, as appeareth in the third of the Acts; His Countrie, Nazareth, where he was bred, they not knowing that he was borne in Bethlem. Now these wise men of this World asking with this scorne, Who is this? and the foolish ones answering with that discretion, This is Iesus, &c. agrees well with those thankes which our Sauiour gaue vnto his father, Because thou hast hid these things from the Wise, and hast reuealed them to Babes. It is Gods fashion, to ouercome a Pharaoh with Flies; and by a sillie woman, to con∣found the Learned, who said, In Belzebub the Prince of Deuills he casts out Deuills: by a blind man, the Iudges of Hierusalem; by a low Zacheus, a tall Gyant. The order of Grace is different from that of Nature: God, as a naturall Author, Me∣dia per summa gubernat, Gouernes the meane things by the highest, saith Dionysius. First, he communicateth his vertue & his power to the supream causes; and by them, to the meaner and the lowest. The Sunne shines first vpon the Mountaines, and then shewes it selfe in the Vallies, &c. But Grace oftentimes doth first illuminate the lowest Bottoms, and shines oftner in them, than on the Mountaines: it cal∣led the Sheepeheards before it called the Kings; it appeared vnto the Ignorant before the Wise; and shewed it selfe to Balaams Asse, before his Master tooke notice of it. And therefore Ecclesiasticus saith, That the Soule of a Iust man at∣taineth to more truth, than those Watch-Towers that are reared on the highest Walls; vnderstanding thereby your greatest Clerkes. A just and vpright man will now and then affoord you better councell than many wise men; howbeit in matters of difficultie, and deepe points of knowledge, and of Faith, we must al∣wayes haue recourse to the Wise.

Caepit eijcere omnes ementes & vendentes.

He began to cast out all the Buyers and the Sellers. Zacharie prophecying of this entrance, saith, Ecce, Rex tuus veniet tibi mansuetus, Behold, thy King shall come vnto thee, meeke. How can these two suit together, Mansuetus, and Triumphator, gen∣tle, and yet a Conqueror? Teares in his eyes, and yet so angrie, that hee neuer shewed himself more? I haue giuen some reasons hereof in another place; those that now offer themselues are these:

The first, That Mercie and Iustice are the two Poles of Gods gouernment: By those teares in his eyes,* 1.11 and by those words of lamentation from his mouth, and by moouing the hearts of that hard hearted Citie, our Sauiour gaue notable proofes of his mercie. But finding this insufficient to make himselfe knowne amongst them, his Iustice then did display it's power, by whipping those Mer∣chants, and in them, the Priests who had a share in their gaines: Giuing vs there∣by to vnderstand, That hee that will not bee brought to know God by his soft hand, and those sweete fauours of his Mercie, shall be made to know him by the whips and scourges of his Iustice. God prospers thy house, thou doost not ac∣knowledge it for a blessing; hee sends thee to an Hospitall laden with diseases, that thy miserie may teach thee to know him: He giues thee health, thou art not thankefull vnto him for it; hee casts thee downe on thy bed, and then thou giuest him thankes, not ceasing night and day to call vpon him, and to praise and blesse his hol name.* 1.12 And therefore it is truly said, The Lord shall bee knowne while hee worketh judgement. Our Sauioue (like a good Physition) tries vs first by his mild

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and gentle medicines, but they doe no good; hee therefore turnes ouer a new leafe, and applies those vnto vs that are more sharpe and tart, whereby we come to know as well his wisedome as his loue.

The second, He began to cast out the Buyers and the Sellers; Because no man should presume, that the glorious acclamations of a King, and of a Messias, should en∣dure to permit in his Temple such a foule and vnseemely buying and selling: they had no sooner proclaimed him King, but he tooke the whip into his hand, to scourge them for their offences. In a Prince, in a Iudge, and in a Preacher, flat∣teries and faire words are woont to abate the edge of the Sword of Iustice; wherefore to shew, That true praise ought the more to oblige a King to vnsheath his Sword, he betooke him to his Whip. That acclamation and applause of the little children, our Sauiour accounted it as perfect and good; [Ex ore Infantium & Lactantiū perfecisti laudē propter Inimicos tuos.] Yet, for that a Prince, a Iudge, or a Preacher, should not bee carried away with the praises of men; our Sauiour, though applauded in the highest manner that the thought of man could imma∣gine, Coepit eijcere Ementes & vendentes, &c. Reges eos in virga ferrea, saith Dauid: In the name of the eternall Father, thou shalt (my Sonne) be their Ruler & their Iudge, thou shalt beare in thy hand a Rod of yron, which shall not be bowed as are those other limber wands of your earthly Iudges: theirs are like fishing rods, which when the fish bite not, continue strait & right, but if they nibble neuer so little at the bait, presently bow and bend. Esay called the Preachers of his time, Dumbe Dogges, not able to barke: And he presently renders the reason of this their dumbenesse, They knew no end of their bellie. To ear, and to talke, none can doe these two well and handsomely together; and because these Dogges haue such an hungrie appetite, that they neuer giue ouer eating, because nothing can fill their bellie, they are dumbe, and cannot barke, they know not how to open their mouths.

The third is of Saint Chrysostome and Theophilact; who say,* 1.13 That it was a kind of prophecie or foretelling, that these legall Offerings and Sacrifices were al∣most now at an end. When Kings and Princes expresse their hatred to any great Person in Court, it is a prognostication of that mans fall; The wrath of a King is the messenger of death. Our Sauiour Christ, the Prince of the Church, had twice whipt out those that had prouided Beasts for the Sacrifices of his temple; which was an vndoubted token of their short continuance, it beeing a great signe of death, that one, and such a one, should come twice in this manner to visit them with the Rod. This conceit is much strengthened by the words of our Sauiour Christ,* 1.14 (oretold by the Prophet Esay) The time shall come wherein my House shall bee called a House of Prayer, and not a Denne of Theeues, nor a common Market of buying and selling. So that hee tooke these Whips in∣to his hands as a means to worke amendment in his Ministers, and to sweepe and make his House cleane. The Iudges of the earth (saith Saint Hierome) doe pu∣nish a Delinquent, ad ruinampunc; but God, adcust gationem; the one, to his vtter vn∣doing; the other, for his amendment: And therefore he vsed no other weapons to chastise them withall, but Rods and Whips, which worke our smart, but not our death; they paine vs▪ but they doe not kill vs. Tertullian is startled, and stan∣deth much amased at that punishment which Saint Peter inflicted vpon Ananias and Saphyra, and saith, That to bereaue them so suddenly of their life, & to strike hem in an instant dead at his foot, was the punishent of a man, & of one that had not long exercised, nor did well know what did belong on the office of a Bishop. But our Sauiour Christ being come into the world to giue men life, it would not

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haue suited with his goodnesse to giue them death.

The fourth reason (which all doe touch vpon) was, The disrespect and irreue∣rence which was shewne to this his Temple; a sinne which God doth hardly par∣don: And therefore it was said vnto Ieremie, Pray not therefore for this People. And hee presently giues the reason why, It hath committed many outrages in my House. Saint Iames aduiseth, That the Sicke should call vnto the Priests, to get them to pray vnto God for him; but for him that should commit wickednes in his Tem∣ple, God willeth the Prophet Ieremie, that hee should not so much as pray for them. And Saint Paul saith, That those who shall violate the Temple of God, God shall destroy them.

Great is the respect which God requireth to be had to his Temple.

First, In regard of his especiall and particular presence there. Saint Austen saith, That Dauid did pray be fore the Arke, Quia ibi sacratior & commendatior praesentia Domini erat. For euermore God manifests himselfe more in his Tem∣ple than any where else; that place beeing like Moses his Bush, or Iacobs ladder; being therefore so much the more holy, by how much the more he doth there manifest himselfe, &c.

Secondly, He shewes himselfe there more exorable, and more propitious to our prayers: According to that request of Salomon in the dedication of the tem∣ple, That his eares may be there opened. And it was fit it should be so, as Saint Ba∣sil hath noted it; for that, Prayer is a most noble act, and therefore as it requires a most noble place, so likewise the greater fauour appertaineth vnto it.

Thirdly, For that Christ is there present in his blessed Sacraments. And there∣fore (as Saint Chrysostom hath obserued it) there must needs be there a great com∣panie of coelestiall Spirits; for where the King is, there is the Court.

Fourthly, For to stirre vp our deuotion, by ioyning with the congregation of the Faithfull. And a learned man saith, That the Temples & Houses of God did put a new heart and new affections into mens brests. What then shall become of those who refuse these publique places of praying and praysing of God, and make it a Den of Theeues, working all impietie and wickednesse in these sacred Assemblies?

The last reason of our Sauiours being so angrie, was, To see the couetousnesse that was in his Ministers. Nothing mooues Gods patience more than the coue∣tousnesse of Priests, especially when they shal make a benefit to their purse from the bloud of the Alter. Notable is that place of Balaam, when he went to curse the People of Israell, the Asse which carried him thither was willing to shew him his errour, God opening his mouth, and making his tongue to speake. And Saint Austen strucken into amasement at the rarenesse thereof, confesseth, Tha he knows not what greater wonder than this could possibly be immagined, tha that the Prophet should not bee affrighted, hearing an Asse to open his mouth and reprooue him. And he renders two reasons for it: The one, That Sorce∣ries and Witcheries were so common in those dayes; for there was not any na∣tion that had not it's Magicians and Sorcerers, as Trismegistus in Aegypt; Zr∣astes in Persia; Orpheus in Greece; besides many Sybels in diuers other countries. The other, That he was blinded with that good round summe of money which he was to receiue out of hand▪ [Habentes pretium diuinationis in manibus] king Ba∣lack's Messengers had so greased his fists with good gold, that hee minded not that so great a miracle as the talking of his Beast. And this is a thing worthy the noting, That Saint Hierome and Saint Austen doe not onely make him a Prophet, but a holy Prophet, and that his couetousnesse had thus misseled him. And as

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Saint Peter saith, Through couetousnesse shall they with feigned words make merchandise of you, whose iudgement lingreth not, and whose damnation slum∣breth not; which haue forsaken the right way, and are gone astray, following the way of Balaam the sonne of Bozor, who loued the wayes of vnrighteousnes, but was rebuked for his iniquitie, the dumbe Asse forbidding him his madnesse, by speaking vnto him in a mans voyce.

He began to cast out all the Buyers. That one man should bee able to doe more than a whole Squadron, seemeth somwhat strange: but that none of those whom he whipt should dare to giue him so much as a word, is much more strange.

The first reason, saith Saint Hierome, (which is also repeated by Thomas) was, That the Maiestie of the Deitie shined in his face. Whither or no, that in our Saui∣our Christ that Maiestie were ordinarie, or whither hee had then put it on, for that it is a common custome with God, in those disrespects done to his temple, to discouer his greatnesse the more. And so when he punished Heltodorus, who would haue rob'd the Treasurie of the Temple, (wherein were deposited those moneys which belonged vnto Widdowes and Orphans) the Text saith, Spiritus omnipotentis Dei magnam fecit suae ostentionis euidentiam, The Lord of Spirits, and the Prince of all power caused a great apparition, so that all that presumed to come in with him were astonished at the power of God, and fainted, and were sore affraid. A Lyon when hee waxeth angrie sparkeleth fire forth of his eyes, and with his roaring makes all the beasts of the Forrest affraid, & to flie from his anger. The Lyon of the Tribe of Iuda was angrie, his eys flamed forth fire; O culi eius tanquam flamma ignis, saith the Apocalyps. And Saint Hierome, That the beames of his wrath brake forth, & that he roared out with a loud voyce, What make these Theeues heere in my House, &c. Who is able to withstand him? Who can resist his rage? Seneca in the Tragedie of Hercules, represents him there in that mad and furious manner, that making towards his sonne, the verie sight of him strucke him dead. Whereunto suteth that which the Prophet Aba∣cuc saith of God, Aspexit & dissoluit Gentes, He beheld and cloue asunder the Nations.* 1.15 This force and power of Gods eye forced Iob to say, Potestas & terror apud Deum est, Dominion and feare are with him.

The second is,* 1.16 That great cowardise which the face of Vertue casts on that of Vice; the Armies of Enemies, the sight of Deuills are not more fearefull to be∣hold. There shall not in that finall day of Iudgement be any torment equall to that which the Damned shall feele when they shall see the face of our Sauiour Christ, whom they scorned, scoffed, and reuiled. Iosephs brethren were astoni∣shed when they heard hi say, Ego sum Ioseph, I am your brother Ioseph,* 1.17 whome yee persecuted and sould into Aegypt, &c. To those eyes which haue alwayes li∣ued in darkenesse, the light is most painefull vnto them. And of the damned in Hell Iob saith, Si subito aparuerit aurora, arbitrantur vmbram mortis,* 1.18 The morning is to them euen as the shadow of death. For this cause some Doctors for their greater punishment will haue the Damned that are in Hells Dungeon, lie with their faces vpward, looking towards Heauen. And Seneca in the Tragedie of Hercules saith, That when he dragg'd Cerberus out of that darke place, as soone as he saw the light he drew himselfe backe with that force, that hee had almost throwne that Conquerour to the ground. And in that rape of Proserpina by Pluto, it is feigned, That when his Coach Horses came to see the light, they striued with all their might and maine to returne backe againe to Hell. In like manner, those glittering beames of light which brake forth from the eyes of our Sauiour Christ, did dazle those of these Money-changers, and made them to rest as men amased.

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Iosephus reporteth, That there were three Sects amongst the Iewes, the Essei, the Iebusei, and the Saducei; and besides these, they had certaine Scribes which were their Sages, or the wisest men amongst them: The Greeks called them Phi∣losophers; the Chaldaeans, Magi; the Latines, Doctors. And of these there were some in euerie Tribe, and in euerie Sect, & in euerie State, as it passeth now amongst vs.

Epiphanius saith, That they had two Offices.

The one, To expound the Law, and to preach it to the People, who came euerie Sabboth to their Synagogues, as appeareth in the Acts. And as Iosephus and Philon hath it,* 1.19 They were called Lectores, Readers, because they read vnto them; and Scribes, because they expounded the Scriptures. And Esdras termes them Scribes and Readers: And Saint Luke relateth, That Paul & Barnabas com∣ming to Antiochia, and entring into the Synagogue, a Scribe read the Law, and Saint Paul preached vnto the People.* 1.20

The second Office was, To be Iudges, He shall be deliuered to the Princes, and to the Scribes, and they shall condemne him to death, so saith Saint Mathew. And those that presented the Adulteresse to our Sauiour Christ, were the antientest of all the rest of the Sects; for it appeareth in Leuiticus, That they began with that Law that commanded them not to drinke wine, nor any thing that might distem∣per them; That yee may haue knowledge to discerne betwixt that which is holy and pro∣phane, and may teach the Children of Israell. They did vse likewise Philacteries, and other Hypocrisies:* 1.21 And therefore our Sauiour did no lesse reprehend them, than he did the Pharisees for their fringes, they would prick themselues with thorns, and their feet were commonly besmeered with bloud; they had the Law writ∣ten in their forehead, and in other parts of their apparell: Alluding to that com∣manded by God in Deutronomie,* 1.22 Thou shalt bind my Precept in thy hand. Iosephus re∣counteth, That Alexandra mother to Hircanus the High Priest, and to Aristob∣lus, did greatly fauour them: & because after his mothers death he denied them this fauour, he was hated of the People. In a word, In diuine worship, and in publique prayer, they were most respected; not because they were more holy, but because they did striue to seeme so: wherewith they did cloake their aua∣rice and their crueltie; and ioyning with the Merchants in their gaines, they had equal part with them also in their punishment: wherewith being offended, they afterwards said, By what power doost thou these things? But they may be wel enough answered with that of Saint Chrysostome, Yee will not heare; but though yee be silent, the little children shall speake forth his praise; and should they hold their peace, the verie Stones in the Street should voyce him to be the King, and Messias.

Notes

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