The theater of honour and knight-hood. Or A compendious chronicle and historie of the whole Christian vvorld Containing the originall of all monarchies, kingdomes, and estates, with their emperours, kings, princes, and gouernours; their beginnings, continuance, and successions, to this present time. The first institution of armes, emblazons, kings, heralds, and pursuiuants of armes: with all the ancient and moderne military orders of knight-hood in euery kingdome. Of duelloes or single combates ... Likewise of ioustes, tourneyes, and tournaments, and orders belonging to them. Lastly of funerall pompe, for emperours, kings, princes, and meaner persons, with all the rites and ceremonies fitting for them. VVritten in French, by Andrew Fauine, Parisian: and aduocate in the High Court of Parliament. M.DC.XX.

The Tenth Booke is deuided into seuerall Tracts.

• 1. Of the Nine VVorthies of the World.
• 2. Of Duelloes and Single Combats at the Sharpe, and to the vtmost extremitie of Life.
• 3. Of Iousts, Tourneyes and Tournaments.
• 4. Of Military Paynes and punishments.
• 5. Of Degradation of Noblemen.
• 6. Of Funerall Pompe for Emperours, Kings, Princes, Knights of Order, and meaner Persons.

(Book 10)

CHAP. I. Of those Nine Worthies, Or Faraous Men of the World, which haue bin renowned (by Historie) to all future Ages.

THE Life of Man, that hath no knowledge in Learning and Letters,* 1.1 is nothing else but an vndoubted death. Otium sine Litteris vera Mors est, & viui Hominis sepultura. So we learne of Seneca, writing to Lucillins in his Epistle.

Homer, Quintus Calaber his Continuer; Eustatius their In∣terpreter, with their pursuers and followers, haue written in their Mithalogicall or Morall Fables (which serue for Learners) that Iupiter made an assembly or meeting of the Gods in Euboea (one of the Islands of the Egeum Sea, in the Countrey and Prouince of Boetia) to vnderstand and conclude: What thing was most necessary and profitable for the life of Man.* 1.2 Which Proposition was balot∣ted, according to the seuerall iudgements of this extraordinary and wunderfull As∣sembly; some speaking after one manner, and others as themselues best pleased.

Vulcane said, that it was Fire,* 1.3 in regard that without this Element; it was impossi∣ble for man to liue any long time: Fire being one of the Principles of Nature, the principall instrument of Generation, and the conseruation thereof.

Neptune (the pretended God of Waters) stood vp, and maintained; that it was the Element of Water without which the World could not be.* 1.4

Water is the best Element.

(Saith Pindarus) and most part of the Nations in the World, doe liue without the vse of Fire, rather then the other Element, his contrary.

* 1.5Ceres, (that good and vertuous Mother) shee auouched the Oxe, the noate and Symbole of Tillage or Husbandry, which was so behouefull and necessary for the life of man: that she made no doubt, but to winne the Honor from all the other opi∣nionists. Whereunto she added, that of all kinds and manner of liuing: there was none more iust and innocent, Then the Countrey Life.

Beatus ille qui procul negotijs

Vt prisca gens Mortalium Paterna rura bobus exercet suis.

Mercurie (the Sophister, and gentle Messenger of the Gods,* 1.6 with the Golden Beard) defended a House, rather then any thing else, which gaue harbour and co∣uerture to a man, to exempte and shield him from the Ayres iniuries, and furious violences of Beastes. He alleadged withall, that in former times, Men liuing alto∣gether in the open fields, had nothing but Woodes for their Housing; Leaues of Trees for their Bed and Bolster; and hearbs for their foode and diet.

Sylua Domus erat: Cibus, Herba: Cubilia, Frondes.

But he had inuented the manner of buylding and Carpenting Houses,* 1.7 to erect and ioyne them together in number and quantity, which proued to be the sourse and first birth of vnity among Men: whereby this vaunting Doctour promised him∣selfe, to haue the Honour of the cause, and made the reckoning without his Hoaste. But then stept vp.

Minerua, the Goddesse of Sciences, a Virgin engendred in the Braine of Iupiter, proclaimed to be King of the Gods and Men: Shee very well liked and allowed, that Fire, Water, Husbandry, Townes and Citties were (in trueth) necessary, conueni∣ent and beneficiall for men. Yet notwithstanding, alleadged, that the Gods had some other aime and end, then the Temporall condition of Man, and for his body only. For, he was made to mounte, and pierce much higher; in regard,* 1.8 that a sparke of the Diuinity was breathed into him, to animate, conduct and mould his spirit: To know what was past: To guide and order the present: And to diuine of things to come. Di∣uersity of Times, the knowledge whereof was attained vnto by Learning or Letters, that is to say: By reading in the Breuiarie of the World, that is

Historie, the Science of Sciences; the Lanterne to Humaine Life; the faithfull Register of Honour and Blame; the Schoole of good and euill; the Iudge,* 1.9 the Ra∣sor, and the Touchstone of Kings and Princes, yea, and of men. And, to speake all in one word, the Grauing Instrument, that works in the Table of Immortality. This opinion was admired, and much commended in the venerable Consistory of the Gods in generall: And the Precedency adiudged to the Learned Pallas.

To you then (Braue and Generous Noblemen) doth this discourse present it selfe, that it may enstruct you, to imploye the most part of those Houres, which remaine to you, next after the seruice of God, wherewith you are to begin the day:) The offer of your persons to the King, and the exercises of Honour,* 1.10 and to the Reading of Historie; is that which can only make you capable, of seruing and benefitting the Common-wealth. What other Houres are remayning, should be imployed in the reading of Books, which tend to profit, and aime at the end of making you the wi∣ser. Shunne and detest all such Books, as offend or wound the Soule, and may be mollestuous to the minde: Such as are Amadis de Gaule, and other fabulous Roman∣cers. Historie appertaineth to a Noble-Man: It ought to be his principall Study,* 1.11 by ex∣ample of Alexander the Great, who (by the reading thereof, conquered all the World. For which cause, Historie hath rancked him among the Valiant men of the World, whom Fabulous Romancers haue called the Nine Worthies, giuing to them this Order and Armes.

The First Ranck of the Nine Worthies.

IAson, the pretended Conquerour of the Golden-Fleece. Qui portoit de Gueules, seme de dents, d'ou naissent & sortent des Testes d'Hommes armez de Cabasset d'Argent, a vne Toison d'Or mise en Pal, à cornee d'Azur. Before this Voyage. Il portoit de Gu∣eules à vn Leopard Serpente d'Argent, deuorant vn Sceptre d'Or. But other Romancers set downe in the place of this Iason:

Iosuah, Iudge of Israell, whom they make to beare D'Or, a vne Teste de Lyon arra∣chee de Gueules, Languee de mesme.

Hector of Troy, D'Or à vn Lyon de Gueules, assis sur vne Chaire de Sable (others say De Pourpre) tenant de ses pattes vne Halebarde d'Argent, au manche d'Azur, le dict Lyon Arme & Lampasse de mesme.

King Dauid, to whom they giue D'Azur, a vne Harpe d'Or, montee de Cordes, d'Argent, à vne Bordure de mesme Diapree de Gueules: with these Hebrew words

〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. de Sable. Others giue him D'Argent, a vne fronde d'Azur, chargee d'vn Caillou d Or.

Alexander the Great, D'Or, au Lyon de Gueules, Arme, & Lampasse de Azur.

Iudas Machabeus, to whom they giue diuers Armes. First D'Or, a vn Basilic de Sable, membre, & Coronne de Gueules. And then afterward D'Or, a vne Roche en Mon∣tagne de Sable, chargee d'vne Ancre d'Argent en Pal, & sur la Stangue d'icelle, ce mot He∣brew 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 de Gueules.

Iulius Caesar, whom they make to beare D'Or a vne Aigle esploye (that is to say, with two Testes de Sable, aux Diademes, Langues & Armes de Gueules. Quite against all trueth, because euery one knoweth, that the said Iulius Caesar, and his Successours the Emperours of Rome:* 1.12 Porterent de Gueules a vne seule Aigle d'Or. Constantine the Great, hauing planted his Imperiall Throane at Bizantium (which after his name was called Constantinople, & new Rome) was the first that tooke the Eagle displayed. Therby to shew, that the Romaine Empire comprehended both the East and West: Armes still retained by the Emperours his Successours, as well in the East as West.

King Arthur, who bare (by their saying) D'Azur, a Treize Coronnes d'Or. 4.4.4.1. A meere Fable.

Charlemaigne, King of France, and Emperour of the West, to whom they giue for Armes (contrary to trueth) Party, le Premier d'Or, a vne demy▪ Aigle esployee de Sable, Languee, Diademee, & Armee de Gueules; le Deuxiesme de France sans nombre. And such were borne by the Frenche Emperours his descend••nts, vntill such time as they of the Saxon House, vsurped the Empire against the French: For then they chaun∣ged the Armes of Europe,* 1.13 and tooke the Mettall and Couller, belonging to the Armes of the Emperour Otho, whom the Germaines called the Great, and who (as Duke of Saxonie) Portoit Face d Or, & de Sable de Six pieces. And emblazoned them of the Empire D'Or a l'Aigle Esploye de Sable, Arme, Lampasse, & Coronne d'vn Du∣deme de Gueules.

Godfrey of Bologne, First King of Ierusalem, Armed (according to Trueth) D'Ar∣gent a la Croix potencee d'Or, & Cantonnee de Quatre Croisettes de mesme. Heere you see what, and whom those Romancers haue made to be the Nine-Worthies, alwayes mingling fabulous Tales, among their most serious writings. For, to place Iason, Hector of Troy and Arthur of Bretaigne, among the valiant and famous men of the worlde, are meerly follies: But to make a true Historie, you must ranck them in this manner.

* 1.14Iosuah, Gedeon, Sampson, Dauid, Iudas Machabeus, Aleander the Great, Iulius Caesar, Charlemaige: And Godfrey of Bologne.

And▪ not to stand vpon Blazons and Deuises, giuen them by fabulous Romancers, and most part of them falsely: eche of them ought to be Armed according to truth, from the foote of their owne braue actions in Armes. And because we know not what were the perticuler Armes of Iosuah,* 1.15 Gedeon, and Sampson, beside those Gene∣rall of the Tribes and Linages, of whence they were issued and descended, which we haue obserued in the first Booke and Chapter of these famous Antiquities: we may lawfully giue them deuises, rather then Armes proper, and (by Example) Arme

Iosuah D'Azur, au Soleil d'Or. In regard that at his Prayer, God made the Sunne to stand still in the Firmament,* 1.16 vntill he had vanquished and ouercome the fiue Kings of Chanaan, according as it is written in the Tenth Chapter of Iosuah.

Gedeon de Sable, a la Toison d'Argent, au Chef d'Azur, seme de Gouttes d'Eau, ou de Lar∣mes d'Argent: By reason of the Fleece, moist••ned with the dewe of Heauen, the ground all about it remayning drie; according as we finde written in the Sixt Chapter of the Iudges.

Sampson the Strong, De Gueules au Lyon gisant d'Or, à l'Orle d'Argent, seme d'Abeilles de Sable. Because that in his younger yeares, he had torne a Lyon in pieces, out of whose putrifaction there came a Swarme of Bees.

Mille animas vna necata dedit.

* 1.17And from this accident, Sampson deriued this Probleme and Enigma, for matter of diuining to the Philistines, E Forti, Dulcedo: As it is recorded in the Foureteenth Chapter of the Iudges. Now, concerning

Dauid, the King and Prophet, Hee bare as we haue said in the First Booke and Chapter, according to the Doctrine of Rabbi Abraham, in his Historical Cabala, D'Azur, au Lyon d'Or. Armes borne by the Kings of Iuda and Israel, his successours, in their Pennons, Standards and Banners of Warre, and likewise on their moneys, with this deuise and Legend: Vincet Leo de Tribu Iuda.

Iudas, Sonne of Mattathias, Prince of Modon, Sirnamed Macchabeus, because in all the Enseignes of Warre, he caried this deuice written in Hebrue Letters, Tu in Dijs,* 1.18 vel Fortibus Domine. A Sentence taken from the Fifte of Exodus, and which be∣ing written in Foure Letters, formerly noated in the Staffe of an Anker, the people read (by abreuiation) Macchabas, a Sirname which remained to the said Iudas of Modon, and to his Brethren, as is reported by Rabbi Isaack Bens-hola. These Princes of Modon carried the Armes of their Family, which were De Synople, au Nauire Arme, & ••ret••e d'Argent, and their deuise in the Sayles. Armes which were exalted vpon the Tombes and Sepulchers of Prince Mattathias; Iudas his Sonne and Bre∣thren: as wee learne in the First Booke of the Macchabees, and the Thirteenth Chapter.

Now, concerning the Armes of Alexander the Great; we haue said elsewhere, that he bare D Argent, au Lyon de Gueules: As in like manner we haue obserued, spea∣king of the true Armes of Iulius Caesar, Charlemaigne and Godfrey of Bologne, in such fashion and manner as they seuerally ought to be.

Of Nine Worthy Ladyes: Added to these Nine Famous and Worthy Men of the World.

THe same Romancers haue added, or coupled with these Nine Worthies, Nine o∣ther as Worthy and Illustrious Women, Ladyes of High deseruing, whom the Po∣ets tearme Women Warriours, and by the name of Amazones; of whom you may heere behold the Armes and Names, according as I find them to be by them recorded.

Marthesia, or Marpesia, Who bare, by their saying, De Gueules à vn Griffon d'Argent, Lampasse & Arme de mesme, à vne Coronne de Laurier d'Or.

Lampedo Portoit Party. Le Premier de Sable a Trois Testes de Roynes, Coronnes a l'An∣tique d Or, à la Berdure de mesme. Le Deuxiesme d'Azur a Trois Faces on••ees d'Or.

Orythia D'Azur, a vne Cigne d'Argent, membre de Gueules: le Quartier d'Honneur, charge d'vn Escusson du premier Party de Lampedo.

Antiopa, full Armes du premier Party de Lampedo, which declared, that She ought to March Second among the Amazons.

Penthesilea, D'Azur, a la Bande de Sable, chargee du premier Party de Lampedo; a Six Gri••le••s d'Argent. 3.3.

Minthia, D'Azur, a Trois Chaires & Fautueils d'Or: Deux en Chef, & vne en Poincte.

Hippolita, D'Or, a vn Lyon d'Azur, Arme & Lampasse de Gueules, tenant entre ses Pat∣tes & Griffes de deuant l'Escu d'Antiopa.

Theuca, D'Argent, a vne Aigle de Sable, Lampasse, & Arme de Gueules, brize sur l'Esto∣mach d vne Teste de Royne a l'Antique d'Or. They giue her for the last.

Thamaris, whom they make to beare De Gueules, a Trois Leopards naissans d'Or, Languez & Armez de Synople, Deux en Chef, & l'autre en Poincte: Le resle de l'Escu seme de Tierce-Fueilles percees, & trouees de Argent.

They should haue placed in rancke among these Famous Ladies, the Queenes so Highly renowned for Prowesse.

Semiramis, of whom we haue emblazoned the Armes, in the First Booke and First Chapter: And

Tomyris. Qui portoit de Synople, au Lyon euire (as one would say Sans Vilenie) d'Argent▪ Coronne de Laurier d'Or, a la Bordure Crenelee d••Or, & de Gueules, chargee de Huict ••restes d'Argent.

And infinite other. But to make their Writings more sublime in worth, and likelier to truth:* 1.19 they should haue graced their History with these Ladies of im∣mortall memory, obserued in the Sacred Scriptures, as Debora, Hester, Iudith and such like, whose Heroycall deeds and manlike actions; would haue giuen a

much more luminous Subiect, and engendred a deuise of farre fayrer hope and ex∣pectation.

The Curious may heere inserte some Leaues of white Paper, and make an addi∣tion of Blazons and Deuises, of such Heroes and Princes; as serued themselues in per∣son, at the three most memorable attempts of Asia.

* 1.20I. The Siedge of Troye, described by Diuine Homer, Dyctis Cretensis, Dares Phri∣gius, and Iohn le Maire of Belgia, in his most renowned Romancer, concerning the Illustration of the Gaules.

II. The Conquest of the Golden Fleece by Iason and his Associates, obserued by Apollonius Rhodius, in his Argonautes, and the more then meruaylous perfourmance of all.

III. And the Siedge of Thebes with the Hundred Gates, described at large (with all the perticularities) by the Sophister Philostratus in his painted Plates; Lucian and the like Authours, telling as much trueth, as the Romancers did. But now after our Nine Worthies, let vs come to discourse of Duelloes or Combates: For now adayes, the valiancy and courage of our mad-headed Courtiers, is much sooner seene in the subiect of a common Strumpet; then any Seruice for their King.

CHAP. II. Of Duelloes, Fights and Single Combates, perfourmed at the Sharpe, and to the extre∣mitie of Life.

* 1.21AFter the building of Athens, the most famous and renowned Citty for all Sciences; there was a Challendge and Combate, betweene the God of the Sea and Waters Neptune, and the Wife Minerua; who should baptize or giue name to this newe Citty. Neptune, Armed with his Trident or Foi••e with three Tee••h, appeared in the place appointed for Fight, disposed, and ready to Combate within the Railes or Lists, for his owne aduantage.

Minerua, without making any rash or indiscreete haste, shewed her selfe at the end of the Lists,* 1.22 Armed with a shining and polished Corselet, well nayled, not wanting any Buckle; a Helmet on her head, ouer-shadowed with rich Lambr••quins and Plumes of fayre Eastrige Feathers, a Lance in her right hand, and Target in the left, made of fine Siluer, whereon was figured (not the two Citties of Peace and Warre, represented in that of Achilles, fabrickt by the Armourer Vulcane) but a frightfull Head of G••rgon and Medusa de Sable, a la Gueule ouuerte et Beante de Gueules; the T••••∣phee of Minerua. As expressing, thereby, that Gentlemen which addict themselues to the Study and knowledge of Letters: are more capable to be Captaines, and commaunde in Armies; then such as are badly educated, who call Ignorance No∣bility, and Knowledge Husbandry.

Iupiter would not permit this Combate, rather for sauing the Honor of Neptune, God of the Fishes,* 1.23 the Symbole of Ignorance; then any feare he had of his deare Minerua, whom he knew to be a Generallist, and fit for any imployment, as apte for the Lance, as the Pen. Answerable to the deuise borne by skilfull Captaines: Et Marti, et Mineruae: As prompt for the one, as ready for the other.

* 1.24To compound this difference amiably, and make knowne to men, that he affected not Duelles and Fights, howbeit, Honour would thereby haue bin proued in good ear∣nest: he appointed, that which of these two Contendants, by smiting the Earth with their Armes, could make some such thing to issue forth thereof, as should be most necessary for Man; that party should haue the preferment, to impose a name vpon this new Citty.

* 1.25Neptune, swelling with rage and fury, smote our common Mother with such vio∣lence, that after it had quaked an indifferent while: there bounded forth a furious Horse, snuffling and stamping, the Instrument or Symbole of Warre.

— Bellum, O Terra hospita, portas: Bello armantur Equi, Bellum haec armenta minantur.

This is that which Virgill saith, speaking of the birth and originall of the Horse, engendred by the Trident of Neptune.

.. .. .. .. .. .. Tuque O, cui prima furentem Fudit Equam magno Tellus percussa Tridenti, Neptune

As for the learned Lady and Warrioresse Minerua, she,* 1.26 hauing softly toucht the ground with the smaller end of her Lance: immediately rose vp a verdant Oliue-Tree, laden with Leaues and Fruite, for the nourishment and health of Man, and be∣ing the Symbole of Peace, declaring, that a man learned, is capable for actions of War, and likewise to manage Peace, when neede requireth.

Oleaque inuentrix Minerua.

The Latine Poet obserueth this debate and contention, at the beginning of his Georgicks.

And because Peace, the bountifull and rich gift of Heauen, is highly to be pre∣ferred before warre: Iupiter adiudged the preferrence to Minerua;* 1.27 who baptized with her name the Citie of debate, by naming it Athenes.

This Mithologie or Morall meaning, shall serue vs for a Preludium, and entrance in∣to the Lists of Duelles and Combats, and will sufficiently shew, that it was the Cu∣stome of our auncient French, to vndertake the hazard of Armes and Combat, to iustifie themselues in an Accusation, fordged against their honour and good fame;* 1.28 and to sustaine the truth of some iust cause, whereof the proofes were doubtfull, yea, wholly hid and concealed.

The Accuser or Plaintiffe, through defect of Litterall proofes or Testimonials, a∣uouched before the King: that his aduerse Partie was a Traitour, periured and false lyar, offering to iustifie what he said, by Armes and Combat one to one,* 1.29 his owne person against that of the accused, or some other for him, if (by age) he might be dis∣pensed withall from the Combate.

As a Gage for himselfe, he would throw his Gloue down vpon the ground, which the Accused, or some other for him, was to take vp: And the Field of Battaile,* 1.30 the day, and the Armes for the Combattants, were to be assigned by the King; for, without his permission, Duelloes or Combates durst not be vndertaken. In absence of the King, the Parliament appointed it; not finding any other meanes of remedy, whereby to agree the Parties.

This manner of deliuering or casting the Gloue as a Gage, seemeth to come from the Orientals or Easterne People, who in the vendition and yeelding vp their Lands, or Paiment of Debts; did giue the Gloue to the Buyers, by forme of consignation,* 1.31 and taking of possession. Which the Romans did, by the tradition of a greene Sodde or Tuft of earth. And our auncient French, by deliuery of a Rushe or Feskue, Per Fe∣stucame in our Salique Law, and a thousand thousand other places

We haue an example of deliuering the Gloue, in the Historie of Ruth, the fourth Chapter, where it is said, that the auncient Custome obserued in Israel,* 1.32 betweene the neerest kinred of one and the same Linage, if any one yeelded or surrendred his right to another: he did put off his Gloue, and gaue it to the purchaser. And this was a testimonie of the yeelding, and transport of buying an inheritance in Is∣rael.

Well know I, that the common Translation beareth a Shoe, and not a Gloue;* 1.33 but the Chaldean and Syriacke Paraphrase, which serues me better for interpreting some passages of the Sacred Scriptures, beareth the Gloue, and not the Shoe. Dixit Redemp∣t••r ipsi Bo••s, in possessionem venito, tibique possideto: Tunc tulit Boasus Thecam Dexterae ••••ius, & in possessionem venit.

Widdowes were maried by the Brethren to their Husbands, being deceased with∣out issue, to the end, of raising seede to their Brother. And the widdow might then adiorne to the gate or doore of the Citie, the neerest kinsman to her dead Husband, to the intent of marrying with him. Vpon his refusall to doe it, she taketh the Shoe from off his right foote, and spetting in his face, saith; So shall it be done vnto that man, that will not raise seede to the house of his Brother, according as it is written in the

fiue and twentieth Chapter of Deutronomie. This was done by the widdow with the Shooe, in meere contempt.

But if it were a man, that summoned or cited another man before the face of Iu∣stice, when the Iewes sate at the Citie gates, or in some eminent place of their Townes; as an action of honestie, they would plucke the Gloue from off the right hand, which they deliuered as a Gage of assurance, for any thing giuen or granted to a Buyer. And so doe the Rabbines interprete it of the Gloue, De Chiroteca, in the pas∣sage of the hundred and eight Psalme of Dauid: In Idumaeam extendam calceamen∣tum meum: I will bring and reduce the people of Edom vnder my power: I will take posses∣sion, as hauing won it by true and iust title.

In like manner among our French, he that tooke vp the Gloue, signified by that action,* 1.34 that he accepted the Combat or Challenge: and, by the same kinde of ce∣remonie, pluckt off his Gloue from the right hand, and threw it on the ground, to be accepted and taken vp by him that had challenged him. Promising one to another, to present himselfe in furnishment, after the manner of Combat; on such a day, and at such a place, as the King, or his Parliament should appoint. If the man accused of perfidie and treason, presented himselfe before the King, and, maintaining his in∣nocence in the crimes opposed against him; threw downe his Gloue, as offering the Combat against his Accuser, who neither presented himselfe in person, nor any one for him, to the end that he might take vp the Gage: The Accused was accep∣ted, and credited vpon his owne Oathe, that he was innocent of those crimes ob∣iected against him. And these manners of behauiour was common with the French, Ge••mains, Gothes, Lombardes, Spanyards, and other people liuing in the we∣sterne parts.

All which Nations, ouer and beside the Duello or single Combat, for knowledge of the truth,* 1.35 in matters of vncertaine and doubtfull proofe: had recourse to taking an Oathe, vpon the dead bodies of holy Martyres and Confessours. And proofe by burning Fire, and Water fiercely boyling, or cold.

In France, such Oathes were ordinarily made by the Accused, on the Bodies of Saint Denys in France, of Saint Germain des Prez les Paris; and of Saint Martin at Tours.* 1.36 Saint Gregorie of Tours, in his fift Booke, and two and thirtie Chapter; And (after him) the Monke Aymonius reporteth in his Historie of France, that a Burgesse of Paris, being iealous of his wife, accused her, to be shorter heelde then she should be. The Parents and friends of the Husband and Wife, concluded together, that this difference should be discided by Oathe, taken on the Body of Saint Denys, Apo∣stle of the Gaules. They on the Wifes side, assuring themselues of her honestie; sware that she was innocent. The Husbands kinred maintained the contrary, so that from words,* 1.37 they fell to blowes and effusion of bloud. Hereupon, Diuine Seruice was transferred to another place, vntill the parties had done Penance, and receiued the holy Communion: when the Church was reconciled by Ragnemodus, the twentieth Bishop of the Citie of Paris, and Successor to Saint Germaine; the Wife being hang∣ed or strangled, b••cause she had forfeited her faith and honor. This happened within a while after the death of our Great King Clouis.

Vnder the Reigne of Clothaire the Great (Father to Dagobert, first of the name, restorer of the same Church of Saint Denys in France) Godin, Sonne to Garnier, who was Maire of the Pallace of Bourgongne;* 1.38 made proofe of his fidelitie (called in que∣stion) on the Bodies of Saint Medard at Soissons, of Saint Germain at Paris, of Saint A••gnan in the Citie of Orleance; and of Saint Martine at Tours.

* 1.39Tassilon, Duke of Bauaria, and his principall men of Fiefe (called Leudes in our Salique Law, and in our Capitularies) after he had taken the Oathe of Vassailage and fidelitie, and laid his hand on them of King Pepin le Bref, being then at Cempeigne: was sent from thence to sweare the said Liedge Homage to King Pepin, and to his Sonnes, vpon the Bodies of Saint Denys in France, Saint Germain at Paris, and Saint Martine at Tours: So saith the same Monke Aimonius, in the fourth Booke of his Hi∣storie of France,* 1.40 the threescore and fourth Chapter.

After the death of the said Pepin le Bref, the French carried such honor and reue∣rence to his Memorie: that they referred all differences among them (in cases of

vncertaine and doubtfull proofe) to Oathe made on the Roabe of the same Pepin. Which when King Charlemaigne vnderstood, he prohibited and forbad the custome, by his Ordonance and Pragmaticall Sanction, Registred among our French Lawes, in the Fourth Booke of our Capitularies. Vt non admittantur testimonia Super Vestitu∣ram Domini nostri Regis Pepini.

Long time before his Reigne, The iudgement of God (so speake the auncient French) made it selfe knowne by proofe Of hot or burning Iron, that is to say,* 1.41 A Plough Share ••r Coulter, brightly burning: whereon the Accused, or the Testimonies for him, walked barefooted, or held it betweene their hands. Charlemaigne at the Title De Homicidijs Clericorum, by him added to the Salique Law, the fift Paragraphe, Si ne∣gauerit illum se occidisse, ad Nouem Vomeres Ignitos iudicio Dei examinandus ac∣cedat.

By that of Hot Boyling Water, Per Aquam Feruentem, wherein the Accused or his Witnesses were to wash their hands.* 1.42

By Colde Water,* 1.43 in a Pond or tunning Riuer, whereinto (fast bound both hands & feete) they were to be throwne, to trie if they would sincke to the bottome, or not, as sometimes they made triall of Witches, and Sorcerers. And lastly;

By the Crosse,* 1.44 whereon they were strecht forth, fast bound and mannacled; like to the Cupid of Trouers in Germanie, so much renowned by Ausonius, the Burdelois Poet: In Cupidine Crucifixo. This last proofe was prohibited by our King Charlemaigne, in the first Booke of our French Lawes, the hundred and second Chapter. Sanci∣tum est vt Nu••lus deinceps quamlibet examinationem Crucis facere praesumat, ne Christi Passionem▪ quae glorificatio est, cuiuslibet temeritate contemptui habeatur.

Noblemen, and such persons as were of free condition, to whom the vse and car∣rying of Armes onely belonged; had this infernall custome, to discide their quar∣rels and other Actions, by Iustice of the Duello or single Combat,* 1.45 and especially at such time, as the cause depended vpon some successiue right. For we reade in our auncient Annalists, vnder the reigne of Lewes of Beyond the Seas, King of France, there was a Processe or Suite attempted, to know: If the Nephew should succeede after his Vnckle, deceasing without Children, with his other Vnckles, the Brethren to his dead Fa∣ther. If this had bin in France, and in the time of our old Custome of Paris, not ad∣mitting the representation in the collaterall ligne, Inter Fratres, Fratrumque filios, this case had bin easie in the clearing.

But the cause was pleaded in the Court of the King of Germanie Lewes, who, vpon the irresolution of his Counsell; ordained, that the descission thereof should be com∣mitted to the proofe of Combat betweene two Champions.* 1.46 The Combat being assigned, the Nephew had the honor thereof against his Vnckles, or the Champion for them. And since that time (as the Germaines say) it was fully concluded: That Nephewes should pertake and deuide the goods of their deceased Vnckles, with them that were liuing, by the representation of their Father.

Men of Main-morte, and of seruile condition, not hauing the proofe of Armes, but onely by them of burning Iron, and Waters: these trials were perticuler to them,* 1.47 as we learne in our French Lawes, and vnder our Capitularies, in the fift Booke, at the third Paragraphe, De Veneficijs, where it is said, that such as remaine vanquished, to wit; Men Free in the Duello, and the other, by their other proues; shall be punished with Death.

Yet notwithstanding this, Noble persons, yea, Kings and Queenes, disdained not to submit themselues to the Iudgement of burning Iron, and boyling Water. Aimo∣nius, in the fift Booke of his Historie of France, and the foure and thirtieth Chapter,* 1.48 reporteth, that the King of Germanie Lewes (of whom we spake so lately before) for to maintaine the truth of his owne right, sent to King Charles the Baulde, King of France and Emperour, his Vnckle: his Ambassadours, and with them thirtie men. Tenne of them made proofe by burning Iron or Plow-shares: tenne more of them by hot boyling Water; and the other tenne by being cast into the colde water, and all of them departed thence, without any harme or offending.

The Germaines doe report, that Chunegonda, daughter to Sigefroy, Count Palatine of the Rhine, made proofe of her Virginitie (in contempt of a bolde accusation made

against her) in the presence of the Emperor of Germanie, Henry the second, her Hus∣band; passing bare-foote ouer twentie Coulters, extraordinarily burning hot.

At the end of our Capitularies, are to be seene the proceedings and prayers, which are vsed at the consecration of those Irons, and the hot and cold waters, as also what perticular Masses were said to that effect.* 1.49 And oftentimes hath euidently beene seene, that lewd persons, haue felt the iustice due to their wickednesse, by the exa∣men of those proofes, instead of being otherwise punished. And in Duelloes or Com∣bats of one man against another; such shames as should haue bin inflicted by Iustice, the Church, and Ordenances of our Kings, haue bin abrogated and repealed by those proues.

Ladies accused, to haue made forfeit of their honor, or else accusing some Knight, to haue immodestly attempted her good fame: might present their Champion of Battaile, either to sustaine their innocencie, or to proue that their accusations were true.

Erioldus King of the Lombards, had espoused Gondeberga, a French Princesse, en∣dued with singular beauty of body, and admirable wisedome. At his seruice atten∣ded a Lombard Gentleman,* 1.50 who was named Adalulphus, a man of good meanes, and comely feature of body, much respected by the Queene, for his seemely parts and faithfull seruice. This glorious Sot, swolne big with the winde, that blowes no where ordenarily but in Court; grew so audacious and ouer-saucie, that he offe∣red her Loue-seruice, and craued amourous acceptance: Gondeberga, scorning such presumption; spet in his face, and expelled him out of her Court, according as he iustly deserued. This bold Companion, fearing least these newes should come to the King by the Queene: to preuent her, he went to the Lombard King, and told him, that not many dayes since, Taso, who was Gouernour of Tuscanie, had secret communication with the Queene; to imprison him, possesse himselfe of the King∣dome, and to marrie her afterward.

The King beleeuing this accusation ouer-lightly, caused the Queene, (suddenly) to be shut vp close prisoner, and in a very strong Castle of Italie, which was then called Amello.* 1.51 Clothaire, last of the name, King of France, to whom the Queene was a neere kinswoman, as being descended from the Kings of Austrasia, of the House of France: Sent his Ambassadours to the King of Lombardie, to tell him plainely; that he had (too rashly) imprisoned the Queene his wife (being a Princesse of the Bloud Royall of France) without causing her to be conuinced of the crime, wherewith she was accused.

Vpon answer from the King of Lambardie, that she had deserued that punishment, and farre greater; Lancelot, one of the Ambassadours for France, summoned the Lombard King,* 1.52 to grant power to some one of the Seruants, belonging to the im∣prisoned Queene, to appeale in the Duello or single Combat, Adalulphus that was her Accuser. Which the King allowing to be but iust and reasonable; Aribert, Cousine to the imprisoned Queene, offered his Gloue as a Gage of Battaile, to maintaine; That the Queene was falsely and wickedly accused by Adalulphus. Who being strictly constrained to take vp the Gage: Erioldus the Lombard King assigned the day, and the Field for Battaile. Wherein he was vanquished, and hanged by the necke, and the vertuous Queene deliuered, after three yeares of wrong imprisonment. This Hi∣storie is reported by the Monke Aimonius, in the fourth Booke and tenth Chapter, of his Historie of France.

* 1.53The Annals of Aniou, written by Maister Iohn Bourdigne, doe recount vnder the Reigne of our King Lewes the Stammerer, who was Emperour, that a Countesse of Gastinois, wife to Ingelger, and Godmother to Engelger, Count of Aniou; was accused by the kinred of her Husband (found dead in the Bed by her) that she had caused his death, and made forfeit of her honor, whereby (consequently) she was capable of no pleading, but ought to be punished with death.

* 1.54Gontran, the very neerest kinsman to the partie deceased, was the Accuser: to whom, and to the Countesse of Gastinois accused, The King assigned a day of Pleading by the Sword, and at Chasteau-Landon.

At the day appointed, the Parties appeared cloathed in mourning. The Accuser

persisting in his accusation, maintained it still, and offred his Gage of Battaile, against such a Champion as the Countesse should produce. But she (on the contrary) offred to purge her selfe, and to iustifie her innocencie by Oathe, so farre as any woman could doe.

The King hauing consulted with his Counsel, found the offence to be so great and grieuous, in regard of the Husbands so strange death; that the Countesse must needes furnish her cause with a Champion. But the truth appearing so vncertaine, and the case very much mistrusted; it seemed vtterly impossible for her (among so great a number of friends and seruants, as she thought she had) to finde one for her Cham∣pion. So that being thus left forlorne, forsaken,* 1.55 and brought euen to the doore of despaire; shee stood vpon the point, of loosing honor, goods and life altogether. When suddenly Ingelger, Count of Aniou, her God-Sonne, being aged onely sixe∣teene years, appeared before the King, and offred to Combat with Gontran, the most renowned Knight of his time, to whom he threw his Gage of Battaile. It was ac∣cepted, and the Combat performed before the King and his Court, at the said Cha∣steau-Landon. Gontran had his head smitten off by his enemy, the Countesse of Ga∣stinois deliuered from death: And she gaue to the Count Ingelger her God-Sonne, the Seigneurie belonging to the Castell of Landon, with the Fiefes and moueables thereon depending.

Froissard, in the second Chapter of his third Volume, describeth a Iouste at the Sharpe, or vtmost extremity, that is to say, a Duello or Combat, performed at Paris, in La Culture Saincte Catherine: betweene Iohn de Carouge, Knight, Lord of Argen∣teil on the Frontiers of Perche; and Iacques le Gris, Knight also, and both of them of the Court of Peter, Count of Alanson. At returne from a Voyage beyond the Seas, done by the Lord of Carouge; his wife aduertised him, that during the time of his absence: she had bin abused (that is to say, forced) by this Iacques le Gris; who de∣nied the fact, and neuer would confesse it, no, not to the death. The deadly Field was ordained by decree of the Court, and the Husband was the Champion for his Wife, against Iacques le Gris.

The Champions comming into the Field of death, were armed at all points,* 1.56 and each man seated in his Chaire. The Count of Saint Paul gouerned the Lord of Ca∣rouge: but Iacques le Gris was gouerned by people belonging to the Count of Alan∣son. They performed their Armes (according to appointment) in presence of King Charles the sixt, and all the Princes of the Bloud, and great Lords as well of France, as of the neighbouring Marches, to see this Combat at the Sharpe, which was euery where bruited abroad, and the victory whereof fell to the Lord of Carouge.* 1.57 And here you may behold the perticularities of the Combat, as they stand Regi∣stred in the Court Record; as being essentiall, and sitting to this discourse of ours.

Obseruations set downe in the Court Registers, concerning the Combat.

QVand le Cheualier de Carouge deut entrer au Champ de Bataille mortelle, il vint à sa femme qui la estoit en vn Chariot conuert de Noir, & luy dict ainsi: Dame, par vostre information, & sur vostre querelle, ie vois aduanturer ma Vie, & combatre Iacques le Gris, vous scauez si ma cause est iuste, & loyale. Monseigneur, dict la Dame, il est ainsi, & vous combatez tout seurement, car la cause est bonne. A ces mots le Cheualier baiza la Dame, & la prit par la main, & puis se seigna, & entra au Champ.

La Dame demeura dedans le Char couuert de Noir en grandes Oraisons enuers Dieu, & la Vierge Marie, en priant tres-humblement qu' à ce Iour par leur grace, & intercession elle peust auoir victoire selon le droict qu'elle auoit. Et vous dy qu'elle estoit en grande tristesse, & n'estoit pas asseuree de sa Vie: car si la chose tournoit à desconfiture sur son Mary, il estoit sentenciè, que sans remede on l'eust arse, & son Mary pendu. Et en suite de quel ques lignes.

Messire Iean de Carouge combatit si vaillamment qu'il enuoya son Aduersaire à Terre, & luy bouta l'Espee dedans le corps, dont il l'oceit au Champ, & puis demanda s'i•• auoit

bien faict son deuoir? On luy respondit qu Ouy. Si fut Iacques le Gris deliure au Bourrea•• de Paris, qui le traina à Montfaucon, & la fut pendu. Messire Iean de Carouge remercia le Roy, & les Seigneurs (de ce qu'il luy auoit faict deliurer comptant Mille Francs, & l'auoit retenu de sa Chambre a deux Cents Liures de Pension par An durant sa vie) & se mit à genoux, puis il vint à sa Femme, & la baisa, & puis ils allerent à l'Eglise Nostre Dame faire leur Offrande, & puis retournerent en leur Hostel.

The English.

WHen the Knight de Carouge should enter into the Field of deadly Battaile, he went to his Wife, who was there in a Chariot couered with Blacke, and spake vnto her thus. Lady, by your information, and vpon your quarrell, I am come to aduenture my Life, and to fight with Iacques le Gris: You know if my cause is iust and loyall. My Lord, said the Lady, it is so, and you shall Combat most assuredly, for the cause is good. Vpon these words, the Knight kissed his Lady, and tooke her by the hand, and afterward signed himselfe, and entred into the Field.

The Lady remained in the Chariot couered with Blacke, vsing deuout Prayers to God and the Virgin Mary, beseeching them most humbly, that that day, and vpon her interces∣sion, she might (by their grace) haue the victorie, according to the right she had. And I tell you, that she was in great heauinesse, & had no assurance of her Life: for if the case turned to the discomfiture of her Husband, sentence was past, that without any remedy; she should be burned, and her Husband hanged. And within a few lines after following;

Sir Iohn de Carouge Combatted so valiantly, that he laid his Aduersarie vpon the ground, and thrust his Sword into his body, whereby he slew him in the Field; And then he demanded, whether he had performed his duetie, or no? Answere was made, that he had done it. So was Iacques le Gris deliuered to the Hangman of Paris, who dragged him to Montfaucon, and there he was hanged. Sir Iohn de Carouge humbly thanked the King, and the Lords (because his Maiestie had commanded to be giuen him in ready mo∣ney, a thousand Francks, and accepted him to be of his Chamber, with two Hun∣dred Pounds of yearely Pension, during his life) for which hee fell on his knees before him. Afterward, comming to his Wife, he kissed her, and then went to the Church of our La∣dy, to present their Offering, and then returned home to their House.

* 3.1The Lord Iuuenall des Vrsins, in the Historie of Charles the sixt, setteth downe this Duello or Combat at the Sharpe, auouching it to be fought in the yeare One thou∣sand three hundred fourescore and sixe. And in describing the Historie, he saith, that Iacques le Gris fell, and then Carouge mounting vpon him with his Sword drawn; requested him now to tell the truth. And hee returned him this answere. That before God, and vpon perill of the damnation of his soule, hee had neuer committed the act wherewith he was charged. And yet for all that, Carouge, who verily beleeued his Wife; thrust his Sword through his body, and so he dyed: which was much to be pittied.

* 3.2For afterward, it was certainely knowne, that he had neuer committed the offence. But that another had done it, who dying of a grieuous disease in his bed: in the very agonie of death, confessed before diuers people, that he was the man that did it.

Behold the miserable condition of Duelloes and Combats, where the danger fal∣leth vpon the innocent, as here is plainely proued to you. And therefore this man∣ner of triall hath bin worthily prohibited, because on which side soeuer this infernall chance falleth: it is alwayes to losse of the Body, and oftentimes of the Soule too, of one or other of the parties. For by the Law of Combats, if the Champion proui∣ded by the partie accused,* 3.3 fall in the Combat: he is to be punished with death, and with him his partaker. So the same lot was afforded to the Accuser, and to his Com∣batant, if he happened to be surmounted. As Froissard obserueth in the Historie for∣merly reported.

.. .. .. .. .. .. Nec enim lex aequior vllae est Quam necis Artifices arte perire suâ.

And yet neuerthelesse, it was a firme beliefe, liuely imprinted in the soules of the auncient French: That Duello or Combat, being permitted by the Prince, was and is

the Iudgement of God. We haue a Tract very remarkeable to this purpose, in the Hi∣storie of France, written by Saint Gregory of Tours, in his seauenth Booke and foure∣teenth Chapter.

After the massacre committed on King Chilpericke,* 3.4 the Ambassadours sent from King Childebert of Austrasia, came on behalfe of the King their Maister, to moue and entreate the King of Bourgongne and Orleans Gonthran, to deliuer them the Queene Fredegonde, s••spected of this murder, as also the miserable and disastrous death, of most part of the Princes of the Bloud, to the end that Iustice might be executed. In number of the Ambassadours sent from King Childebert, were Gilles a Bishoppe, Gonthran Boson, Sygiualde and other faithfull Councellours to King Childebert.

King Gonthran had a secret malicious spleene against Gonthran Boson, whom he accused, to haue fauoured the part of the pretended King Gombaud (surprised and dispatched at Saint Bertrand de Commenge) whereunto Boson made him this an∣swere.

Tu Dominus, & Rex in Regali solio resides, & nullus ad ea quae loqueris, ausus est respon∣dere. Iaso••tem enim me de hac causa profiteor. At si est aliquis similis mihi, qui hoc crimen Imping at ••••culte, venial nunc palam, & loquatur. Tu O Rex pijssime ponnes hoc in Dei iu∣dicto, vt ille discernat, cum nos in vnius campi planitie viderit dimicare.

Thou (O my Lord and King) sittest on thy Royall Throane, and no man dare be so bold, as to make answere to those things whereof thou speakest. I protest, that I am innocent in this matter. But if there be any, that doth secretly lay this Accusation against me: Let him come forth now in publique, and speake it. Thou (O most Religious King) committest this matter to the Iudgement of God, that he may determine it, when he shall behold vs fighting in the open plaine Field. Duelloes therefore were not permitted, but by Kings.

The same Author, in the tenth Booke and tenth Chapter, obserueth the Combat,* 3.5 performed by the command of King Gonthran, for the winde-fals of Wood, and of a wilde Bull, by him found in the Forrests of Vauge; as we said in our Treatise Of the Officers of the Crowne of France. It is the first Duello that I haue read of▪ performed vn∣der our Kings of the first Ligne, but other are to be found in Aimonius.

Vnder them of the second Ligne, are to be found few enow. Our King and Em∣perour Charlemaigne, hauing reduced vnder his obedience the Cities of Barcellona,* 3.6 Cathalogna, Cerdagnia and Roussillion from the Moores of Affrica, who had possessed themselues of diuers P••ouinces in Spaine: gaue their gouernment in title of a Coun∣tie, to one of his loyall followers, named Bera (and not Bernard) who in time of the Sonne to Charlemaigne, Lewes the Debonnaire our King and Emperour, was accused before him, to haue intelligence with the Affricanes of Spaine, and seeking to betray their Soueraigne Prince.

Vpon this denuntiation, Bera, to purge himselfe, went into Germanie before the Debonnaire, at his place of Aix la Chapelle, where the King then held his Parliament.* 3.7 The Accusers threw downe The Gage of Battaile. Bera tooke it vp, and cast downe his owne, with the Lye in their throate, and that he was neither Traitour, nor per∣fidious. The Combat was fought on Horsebacke, and Bera being vanquished, was forced to confesse his fault. His Shield with the heeles vpward, was broken into small morsels and pieces: but life was giuen him by the Debonnaire, and he confined to ••ouen, there to spend the remnant of his dayes. Our Annales of times speaketh thus.

Mense Ianuario, DCCCXX. Aquisgrani conuentus est habitus, in quo Bera Comes Barcinonae, qui lam-diu, fraudis, & infidetitatis à vicinis suis Comitibus infimulabatur, cum accusatore suo equestri pugna confligere conatus, vincitur. Cumque vt reus Maiesta∣tis, sententia damnaretur, Armis effractis parsum est ei, misericordiâ Imperatoris, & Ro∣tomagum exilio proscriptus est.

In the Moneth of Ianuarie, Anno DCCCXX. A Sessions was held at Aquisgranum, wherein Bera, Count of Barcellona,* 3.8 who had long time bin accused by the neighbouring Counts of falshoold and disloyaltie. He attempting to answere his Accuser in a Combat on Horse∣backe; was ouercome and vanquished. And hauing receiued sentence of condemnation, as guiltie of Treason; was pardoned, his Armes of honor were broken, according to Order. And

(by the mercie of the Emperour) he was proscribed, and sent in exile to Rouen.

The goods and Gouernments of Bera, were giuen to Bernard, issued of the Bloud Royall, God-sonne and neere kinsman to the Debonnaire; as we are informed by Theganus,* 3.9 Archbishop of Treuers, in the Historie of his time. And in this quality of a Prince, this King the Debonnaire made him Great Chamberer or Chamberlaine, of France (anciently these were two Soueraign Offices of the Kings House; but that of Great Chamberer hath bin suppressed, as we haue showne in our Treatise of the Crowne Officers.) This Office requiring residency in the Court; enuious enemies to Bernard (Authors of a bloudy League, against the Debonnaire & his State) accused the Count of Barcellona Bernard, to haue ouer familiar priuacie with the Empresse Iudith, wife to the Debonnaire.

He holding his Parliament at Nimegen, on the Riuer of Vahall; Bernard there pre∣sented himselfe, and maintained that he was falsely accused, threw downe his Glo••e as Gage of Battaile:* 3.10 which no one (in the troupe of his Accusers) expressed any will or forwardnesse to take vp. So is it obserued by the same Theganus, to checke those Spanish Authors, who haue not forgot to set downe this calumnie in writing, against the honor and modestie of Queene Iudith.

Ludouicus in palatio Theodonis (saith Theganus) erat, cum Filijs suis Lotario, & Lu∣douico; & Ibi supradictus Bernardus purificauit se, de obiecto stupro, postquam Nullus in∣uentus est, qui ausus fuisset cum armis iam dictam rem ei imponere.

Lodowicke was in the Pallacè of Theodon, with his Sonnes Lotharius and Ludoui∣cus: And there the aboue named Bernard, acquitted himselfe of the action obiected mali∣ciously against him. After that there could be none found, that durst (by way of Armes) auouch the said matter laid to his charge.

And yet notwithstanding, Duelloes and Combats at extremitie (which all our Ro∣mancers called The Field of Death) were quailed and abolished in France, by the Te∣stamentarie Ordenance of the Father to the Debonnaire, our King Charlemaigne, in the yeare of Grace Eight hundred and sixe.

Si Causa, vel intentio controuersiae talis inter Partes propter terminos, & confinia Reg∣norum orta fuerit, quae Hominum testimonio declarari, vel definiri non possit; tunc volumus vt ad declarationem eius rei dubiae, iudicio Crucis Dei voluntas, & rerum Veritas inqui∣ratur. Nec vnquam pro tali causa, cuiuslibet generis pugna, vel campus, ad examina∣tionem iudicetur.

If an occasion or intention of such a controuersie shall arise betweene parties, concerning the limits and bounds of Kingdomes, which cannot be made manifest, or defined by the te∣stimonie of men: Then we will, that for the declaration of this doubtfull matter; the will of God, and the truth of things be enquired after, by the doome or sentence of the Crosse. Nor at any time (for such like causes) may Combat or fight of any kinde, or the Field be granted, for searching out of the same.

He rather affected, to leaue the triall to the Crosse, that is to say, To Racking and Tortures; then to discide such cases by Duello, or Combat at the Sharpe. Which the same Emperour would haue to be vtterly suppressed, and admitted the triall of she Crosse, which he had before abolished, as already hath bin said.

Vnder the third Ligne of our Kings (which God hath conserued vnto vs, and bles∣sed in infinite Ages,* 3.11 euen to this present, and it (alone) hath endured longer then both the other together) we haue yet noated the aduantage or excesse, of this rage and infernall furie in reuenge and Combat, to take his full course in France.

This rauenous Wolfe, fleshed with the bloud of our French Nobilitie, made in∣trusion long time after the changing and succession of the said third Ligne to the Crowne of France: had not the happy fortune of Hugh Capet; the wisedome of Robert his Sonne and Companion; the iudgement of King Henry the first; and the peacefull Reigne of Phillip, first of the name, preuented it by better order. After long Warres, these Wolues entred boldly into Cities and Townes, to make them∣selues drunke with humaine bloud, as during all the time of the Warre. The very same courses got footing in France, at declyning of the stearne tempests, in the vn∣fortunate Reigne of Charlemaines Sonnes: when all went to confusion, prey and bootie, euery one liuing as themselues listed, without either feare of God, King

or Iustice, and especially in those Prouinces, which were farre off from the Kings abiding.

Great men serued as shadowes, couertures and retreates, for all the wicked rasca∣litie of the Kingdome, by whose meanes, Counts and Gouernours of Prouinces (cut off from the Kings) were at defiance one with another; to the end, that they might haue some subiect, to reuenge their quarrels by Combat, or in Troupes, pilling and robbing the plaine Countries, and taking Prisoners, euen as in time of open Wars.* 3.12 For, after the word of Challenge or defiance was sent out (which lasted commonly foureteene dayes:) they would runne violently one vpon another, cutting mens throates, as if they had bin bruite beasts, or else surprizing them vpon paiment of ransomes.

The Gallicane Church sought meanes to hinder the Duelloes, Encounters, courses and Robberies of the Nobilitie, done with such extremitie one against another.* 3.13 The Churches arme being not strong enough, to hinder the progression of these dis∣orders: recourse was made to God, by Fasting and Prayer; Spirituall Armes, which worke more effectually, then all the power of earthly Princes can doe.

The Bishops of France being assembled together, made these Decrees.

Vt Arma quisque non ferret: Direpta non repeteret: Sui sanguinis, vel cuiuslibet Proxi∣mi minimè vltor existens. Percussoribus cogeretur indulgere. Ieiun••um in Pane, & A∣qua•• omni Sexta Ferta seruarent. In Sabbatho à Carne, & Liquamine abstinerent; soloque hoc contenti Ieiunio, in omnium peccatorum remissionem, nullam sibi scirent aliam subij∣ciendam poenitentiam, si praedicta seruare sacramento firmarent. Quod qui nollet, Christianitate priuaretur; & exeuntem de saeculo Nullus visitaret, nec Sepulturae tra∣deret.

Not any one should beare Armes, or should require to haue them againe, being taken from him, as being (by no meanes) a reuenger either of his owne bloud, or the bloud of any of his kinred. But should euery Friday keepe his Fast with Bread and Water; He should abstaine from Flesh and fat meates vpon the Sabaoth day. And being so satisfied with this Fasting onely, should learne to know; that no other kinde of penance shall be imposed vpon him or them, for the remission of all their sinnes; if they haue bound themselues by the Sacrament, to obserue and keepe all the premises. Which things whosoeuer shall refuse to doe; they are to be depriued of Christianity, and at his departing out of this world, he is not to be visited by any one, nor allowed to haue Christian buriall giuen him.

That euery man for his owne part, should desist from bearing Armes, and surcease from robbing, spoyling or destroying any thing. Nor should pursue reuenge, to cause any bloud spilt, either for friend or Kinsman: but contrariwise, to pardon his enemies. That they should Fast euery Friday with Bread and Water, and on the Saturdayes should abstaine from feeding on flesh, or on any thing wherein was fatnesse. That performing this ab∣stinence, without any other penitence; all the sinnes of them were pardoned, that tooke Oathe, to keepe and obserue those things which were ordained by the Church. But who∣soeuer dared to doe otherwise, should remaine excommunicated, cut off as a rotten member from the Communion and Prayers of the Church, and chancing to dye so, should be depriued of buriall.

This is thus recorded by Sigebert in his Chronicle, vnder the yeare of Grace One thousand thirtie and two.

This was one inducement, of bringing the poore people to peace,* 3.14 and that the Great men among them, made a cessation from Armes: a cessation, which happe∣ned euen as it were by miracle, quite contrarie to all humaine hope. And there∣fore it was honored with the name of Treuga Dei, The Truce of God, confirmed in the yeare of Grace One thousand fortie and one, by an abstaining from Warre, be∣tweene the Kings, Princes and Great Lords, Noblemen and Yeomen: who par∣doning all receiued wrongs, with free and chearefull hearts, embraced one another, eate, dranke and conuersed together in securitie; which neuerthelesse was of no long continuance.

Because, as the same Sigebert, and our great Chronicle informeth vs, that the two Counts, named Raymonds of Tolossa and of Saint Gilles, and the King of Arragon, warred stearnely each against other, without any apparance or likelihood

of agreement. But it is said, that our Lord appeared to a poore simple man, named Durand,* 3.15 a Carpenter by his trade (which in Languedocke they call Chapuis) dwelling in the Citie of Puy in Auuergne. To him he gaue a Letter sealed, and in it was imprin∣ted the figure of the Sacred Virgin, seated in a Chaire, holding her Sonne vpon her knee, And as a Legend about the same Seale, was engrauen these words: Agnus Dei, qui tollis peccata Mundi, dona nobis pacem.

When the newes of this apparition was published abroad; the Counts of Tolossa and of Saint Gilles, with all the people of the neighbouring Countries, went in or∣der of Procession together and Pilgrimage, to Nostre Lame du Puy, vpon the day of Ascension, according to the auncient custome. All the people being assembled, the Bishop of the Citie of Puy tooke the same William Durand,* 3.16 who was naked, and a poore Carpenter (these are the words of the great Chronicle) and placed him in the midst of all the Congregation, to tell the command giuen him by our Lord.

When he perceiued, that they were all bent with serious attention to heare him: he began to deliuer his Message, and boldly commanded them from our Lord, that they should make peace among themselues. Then all began to cry, sigh, shed teares, and to praise the pittie and compassion of our Lord.* 3.17 And the two Princes, who be∣fore had so sharpely contended in Warre, as no peace could be listned to: did in∣stantly sweare it on the Text of the Euangelists, with chearefull hearts, and confor∣mable wils, promising to our Lord; that they would euer after liue in Loue and Concord one with another. And in signe of a testimonie, of this reconciliation made by them; they caused to be imprinted in Tinne, the Seale belonging to the Scedule, and the whole Image of our Lady, which they caried thence with them, fastened vpon their white Hoods or Chapperons, being shaped after the manner of Scapularies, worne by Religious men in Abbeyes.

And yet a much greater wonder happened, for such as wore those Signes or signi∣fications,* 3.18 were thereby so saf••ly secured and warranted, that if it happened by acci∣dent, that one man had slaine another, and should meete with him that kild the Bro∣ther of him dead, and well knew him to be the d••athsman of his Brother; all mallice was by him forgotten and forgiuen, he would kindely respect him, enfold him in his armes, yea, kisse him, in signe of Peace and L••ue with sighes & teares, take him home to his House, setting meate and d••inke before him, and supplying all his other ne∣cessities. And this Peace was made in Puy by Durand the honest simple man, who liued long after: and this is recorded in our Chronicles.

And so, for some space of time these Duelloes and Combats at the Sharpe ceased. But the Diuell raised them vp againe in fresh forme and fashion, for his owne spor∣ting,* 3.19 vnder the Reignes of Phillip Augustus, his Sonne Lewes the eight, and the good King Saint Lewes. It was a lamentable thing to behold, that Bishops of France would themselues permit Duelloes, and take (to their owne benefit) the fines and confiscati∣ons. In the Registers of our Court of Parliament▪ is inserted the agreement made, betweene Richard King of England, in name, and as Count of Aniou and Bertholmew, then Archbishop of Tours, and done by consent of our King Phillip Augustus, their Soueraigne Lord. Among other Articles is namely couenanted that for the Field of Battaile.

Duella tàm de Marchaio, quàm de Cainone (de Marchais, & de Chinon) sunt Archie∣piscopi, si fuerint inter Homines suos; & solent fieri in Espaulo apud Cainonem, & Praesen∣tia, & Campus sunt Archiepiscopi, & poterit eos ducere Archiepiscopus quando voluerit. Et si Duellum fuerit inter Hominem Comitis, & Hominem Archiepiscopi, tale Duellum fiet apud Cainonem, nec Archiepiscopus, nec Comes tale Duellum extra Castellariam Cainonis faciet fieri. Vterque autem de proprijs Hominibus Duellum faciet fieri vbi voluerit. Ve∣rum si Homo Archiepiscopi conquestus fuerit de Homine Comitis, & Duellum adiudicatum fuerit, Duellum erit Comitis: Si vero Homo Comitis conquestus fuerit de Homine Archie∣piscopi, & Duellum fuerit adiudicatum, Duellum similiter erit Archiepiscopi.

Duelloes and Combats, as well concerning the Marchais, as the Chinon, belong to the Archbishops. If they shall happen betweene their men, and are wont to be performed in the Espaulo at the Chinon: both the Presence and the Fields are the Archbishops, and the Archbishop may want and giue them when he will. But if the Combat shall happen be∣tweene

a Counts man, and an Archbishops man: then such a Duello must be done at the Chinon. Nor shall the Archbishop or the Count cause such a Combat to be done, without the Caste•• of the Chinon: But either of them, concerning their owne seuerall men, shall cause the Combat to be performed where they please. But if the Archbishops man shall be Plaintiffe against the Counts man, and the Combat be granted; then the Com∣bat is to be the Counts. And if the Counts man be Plaintiffe against the Archbi∣shops man, and the Combat adiudged; the Combat in like manner shall be the Arch∣bishops.

At the Prouinciall Councill of Normandie,* 3.20 held at L'Isle-banne (by permission of the said King Phillip Augustus) set downe likewise in the Registers of the Parlia∣ment Court; is to be read an Ar••icle, wherein is said; That Priests may not fight in Combats, without the permission of their Bishops. You see how the Diuell sowed his seedes among some Priests, of medling in the furious exercise of Armes.

Duelloes and Combats had their course likewise, vnder the most happy Reigne of the good King Saint Lewes, and especially there was one assigned before him.* 3.21 Ma∣thew Paris reporteth in his Historie of England, that in the yeare One thousand two hundred fortie and three, the Count de la March, Hugh of Luzignan, called Le Brun (whose Armes and Genealogie we haue obserued in the precedent Booke) was ac∣cused before the King Saint Lewes, and his Brother the Count of Poictou, Monsieur Alpho••sus of France) of persidious dealing, treason, and many other enormous crimes, by a French Knight. Whereupon the said Count was arrested prisoner, and com∣mitted to safe custodie for further proofe.

Now, although the Count denied it strongly and constantly; yet notwithstan∣ding, the Knight (according to the auncient custome of the French) threw downe his Gloue as a Gage of Battaile. Licet Comes Marchiae constanter infic••aretur,* 3.22 statim Miles supradictus, More Francorum Chirotecam ei porrexit, se offerens, and offering to maintaine, that what he had said, was true, by the Combat of his body against the Knights, before the Court, desiring to the same end, that the day might be assig∣ned, and the Field of Battaile, according to the auncient Lawes of the French, at all times approued. The Count tooke vp the Gage, and promised to defend his inno∣cencie against the Appellant.

The Sonne to the Count de la March, vndertooke the action for his Father, hum∣bly entreating the King, that he might be admitted the Combat for his Father, al∣beit vnequall in yeares to the Appealant. Which was hindered by the Count of Poictiers, who said, that the Count onely was to fight the Combat. Which being so agreed on, and the day of Battaile appointed; the Appealant, and the Appealed withdrew themselues for their owne preparation, and fitting all things necessary for the Combat.

Isabel, wife to the Count de la Marche (who formerly had bin wife to Iohn with∣out Land, King of England,* 3.23 and bare yet the qualitie and title of a Queene) hauing heard of these newes, and that the crimes wherewith her Husband was accused, were his ordenary trickes of behauiour, she fled immediately, to conceale her selfe in a secret Chamber, belonging to the Abbey of Font-Eurald. Where yet (neuerthe∣lesse she was discouered by the French and Poicteuins, who hated her to the death for her diuers vngracious behauiours; and in regard whereof, the Poictinins called her Iezabell.

And yet notwithstanding, this Combat was delayed and hindered, at the earnest solicitings and entreaties of the Lords of the Court:* 3.24 yet rather in fauour of the children to the Count de la Marche, then for any respect to himselfe. And let it be admitted (saith Mathew Paris) that the foyle had falne on him; his goods being gone with him, and confiscated (according to the custome of France) the Children should haue bin in most miserable condition. So that by the meanes of friends, the chol∣ler of the King, and of the Count his Brother was appeased, the Knight Appealant satisfied and contented, and the Count had his life saued, and his faults co∣uered.

The same King Saint Lewes, desiring neuerthelesse, to ouerthrow the vse of

Duelloes and Combats, made this Ordenance, reported by Aufrerus, President of Tolossa,* 3.25 in the stile of the same Parliament. We prohibite (throughout our Kingdome) Bat∣tailes, in all causes whatsoeuer: And insted of Battailes, we appoint proofes to be made by Charters and Witnesses. It is set downe in the Court Registers of Parliament at Paris, vnder the yeare One thousand two hundred and threescore, and was kept so long as King Lewes liued.

But vnder the Reigne of Phillip the Hardie, his Sonne, and third of the name, this infernall & hellish custome of Combats recouered new strength. So that France was (on all sides) full of bloud and slaughters of the Nobilitie,* 3.26 who massacred them∣selues, by cutting the throates of one another, as this furious monster, and the mea∣nest thwarting word, serued sufficiently to cause a Challenge and defiance. Where∣upon, he gaue command to Messire Phillip de Beaumanoir, Knight, the very learnedst Ciuile Lawyer (of his time) in France, he hauing bin first Bayliffe in the Countie of Clermont in Beauuoisis (for Monsieur Robert of France, Count of the said Clermont, and Sonne to Saint Lewes) and afterward Bayliffe of Senlis: He gaue charge (I say) to him, to set downe in writing, the cases which concerned Duelloes and Combats. As accordingly he did, writing the Customes obserued in Beauuoisis, in threescore and ten Chapters, whereof, the threescore and first Chapter, containeth the matter of Combat. Which Treatise (saith he himselfe) was made in the yeare One thousand two hundred fourescore and three, the third yeare of the Reigne of the said King Phillip the Hardie.

Here followeth the Chapter Threescore and one, written by Messire Phillip de Beaumanoir, Knight: Which discourseth on Appeales: And how a man ought to forme his Appeale: And in what cases he is to Appeale: And with what Armes he is to Combat. CHAP. III.

MAny times it commeth so to passe in Laye Courts, that Suites and differen∣ces fall vnder the Gage of Battaile, wherein it is the purpose of the one, to call the other by name of a Villaine,* 3.27 before the Bench of Iustice. Wherefore it is very expedient, that we should make a Chapter proper and peculiar thereto, which will enstruct; in what case a man may Appeale, and how he ought to forme his Ap∣peale; as also the perils betweene such Appeales, and which Lords ought not to suffer. Moreouer, that such as will Appeale, should know, how they ought to main∣taine the Plea of Gages: and the end whereto they will arriue, if they fall into such manner of Plaint.

* 3.28In all cases of Crime, a man may Appeale, or come to Gages, if the Accuser will make the Accusation, according to that which the Appealed must doe. For it is conuenient, that he which is appealed, should defend himselfe, or else he must remaine attainted of the fact. But yet there is an other way, then by direct Appeale. For the Appeale may be so made, as he that appealeth will haue it to be. He may deliuer to the Iudge,* 3.29 that the offence was committed, in the view and knowledge of so many worthy persons, as it could no way be concealed. And hereupon, he ought to deale as becommeth a iust Iunge, and to make direct enquirie; in regard that the partie would not be called in question. If he doe finde the offence to be notorious and apparant, he must doe iustice according to the offence. For it were a wicked thing, if a man should kill my neerest kinsman at an open Feast, or before, or in the presence of great store of good people: if I should not enter the Combat in his cause, to haue due reuenge executed for him. Hereupon, and in such cases as are apparant, a man may step forth by way of denomination.

He that will rightly appeale, if the case concerne murder, he ought to deliuer his

minde thus to the Iudge. Sir,* 3.30 I am to speake to you of such a man (and then he ought to name him) who hath wickedly and by Treason murdered such a person (and then hee must name the partie dead:) who was my Kinsman, and the deede was done by his meanes, and by his act, and by his procurement. If he doe acknowledge it: I require you, that you would deale with him as with a Murtherer. If he doe denie it, I will approue it with my body against his; or by a Man that may or shall doe it for me, against him that auoideth it by Excuse. As I will apparantly shew, vpon Time and Place appointed. If he doe appeale the partie, without any other Auoucher then himselfe: then he is to Combat in his owne person, and afterward can haue no other Auoucher.

If the Appeale be made in any other case then Murder, as killing accidently, Man-slaughter, or any of the forenamed cases, wherein appeale may be made:* 3.31 he must declare the case whereby he appealeth, and tell the manner of the fact: he must of∣fer to approue it, if it be denied by the other partie, or any other man for him, as be∣fore hath bin said

He that is Appealed, ought not to depart from before the Iudge, vntill he haue answered the Appeale. And if he haue any reasons, whereby he can say,* 3.32 that he ought not to be so appealed: he is to propound them, and to demand right vpon e∣uery reason, as if they had bin pr••posed in their seuerall degrees. Affirming, that if Law doe not allow his reasons to be good, why Gages may not be granted, in such a villainous detection imposed on him: then he may denie the fact wherewith he is charged, and offer defence in his owne person, or by another man to doe it for him; as crauing Essoigne, to be further testified at Time and Place. Then the Iudge is to take the Gages of the Appealer, and the Appealed, as satisfied with the reasons of the partie appealed.

If he that Appealeth or is Appealed, would haue a friend or Aduoucher that is to Combat for him: he must shew his Essoigne and excuse,* 3.33 when the Battaile shall be adiudged. And there are many Essoines, whereby, or by some one of them, a man may haue an Aduoucher for him. One of these Excuses is, if he desire to haue an Aduoucher, he must shew, that he is defectiue or wanting in some of his mem∣bers, by reason whereof, it is euident and apparant, that his body is so much the weaker. A second excuse is, if he exceede the Age of threescore yeares. A third, if he haue any auncient or wonted disease, which happeneth suddenly vpon him:* 3.34 As the Ioints-Goute, the Vertigo or Dizzinesse in the Braine, the Falling-Sicknesse, and such like. The fourth is, if hee be subiect to a Feauer Quartane or Tertian, or any other disease openly knowne, and without fraude. The fift Essoine is, if a Woman appeale, or is appealed: because a Woman cannot Com∣bate.

If a G••ntleman doe Appeale a Gentleman, both the one and other being Knight∣ed; they are to Combat on Horseback, armed with all such Weapons as they please;* 3.35 except a sharpe pointed Poniard, and massie-Battaile-Axe. Nor ought any man to haue more then two Swords, and his Lance; but if they be Esquires, they are to haue also two Swords and a Lance.

But if the Knight or Squire Appealeth Homme de Pooste (that is to say, a Yeoman or Francklin, Alienae potestati subditus, whom Boutillier calleth a Custommarie man,* 3.36 in his Somme Rurall. The Custome of Bar le Duc, Articles ten and twelue, Terre de Poie, Articles Seauenteene, and the Hundred and Eighteene, Terre in Roture, Hee is to Combate on Foote, Armed in the fashion of a Champion, and likewise as a man De Pooste or Yeaman. For in regard he abased himselfe, to appeale so base a per∣s••n; his dignity is reduced (in that case) to such Armours, as hee that is appealed ought to haue by right. For it were a very cruell admittance,* 3.37 that if a Gentleman sh••uld appeale a Yeoman or Peazant; to suffer him therefore to haue aduauntage of fighting on Horse back.

But if a Yeoman or Francklin doe appeale a Gentleman, hee is to Combate on Foote, in the manner of a Champion; but the Gentleman on Horseback, Armed with all his Armes. For in the case of defending himselfe, it is very conuenient, that he should vse his owne aduauntage.

If one Yeoman or Francklin, doe appeale an other of the same quality and con∣dition;

the Combate is to be perfourmed on Foote. And such is the quality of the Champion to a Gentlewoman,* 3.38 if shee appeale, or be appealed, as before the Law hath deuised.

* 3.39The Horse and Armour, of such as come into the Soueraignes Court to Com∣bate, belong to the Soueraigne, whether Peace be made or not: neither can Peace bee made, or quite disclaymed eche of other, without consent of the Soueraigne. But if they fight the Combate, and the Horses be slaine, and the Armes defaced; the Soueraigne can haue no restorement. But hee that is vainquished, looseth his Body,* 3.40 and whatsoeuer he hath, or holdeth of any Lord, the forfeiture comming to eche Lord of whom he holdeth: his moueables, House or Castell also, returne to the Lords vnder whom they are found to belong. In this manner, whosoeuer pro∣ueth to be thus condemned, by the same action he looseth his body; his moueables and inheritances are left in such sort. And the Lords which enioy them (by reason of forfeiture) stand not bound to pay any thing; for hee so condemned, hath dis∣charged any such debt.

Euery day, when Gentlemen come to the Court for Gadges, or to countermaund dayes,* 3.41 which may bee countermaunded; for the first dayes fine or amends Tenne Shillings must be paid; the second day Twenty; and the third day Forty Shillings. All these dayes must be assigned by Iustice, or prolonged by consent of the Party, for which euery dayes fine is to bee doubled. But the Battaile graunted to a Yeo∣man, or Francklin; the fine for the first dayes delay is Fiue Shillings; the second Tenne, and the third day Twenty, euermore doubling in that manner.

If the Battayle be in Court betweene men of the County, about Moueables and Goods,* 3.42 or for Inheritance of Yeomens Lands: the vanquished party looseth the Quarrell, for which the Gadges were giuen and graunted. And the Fine to the Lord, in whose Court (soeuer) the Battaile was wadged, is Threescore Shillings. But if the Battaile be of Gentlemen; He that is vanquished looseth the Quarell, and the Fine to the Lord is Threescore Poundes.

By the Custome of Clermont, in Gadges for Goodes or Lands, eche Party haue his Aduoucher or Vndertaker for him, if he doe require it; bee it that hee haue Es∣soine,* 3.43 or none at all, and the Champion vanquished hath his hand cut off. For were it not in regard of the Maime hee beareth, some by Cousenage and cheating might counterfeite for the recompence, or proclaime himselfe to bee vanquished coullorably. Wherefore his Maister is to beare the Domage and disgrace, and he shall cary away the money: in which respect the iudgement of Maiming is good.

It is expedient for him that will Appeale an otherman, or many persons in a case of villainous crime: that he take heede how he doeth appeale them. For if he would appeale two,* 3.44 three or more, and throwe downe Gadges against them▪ ••hee should appeale one of them only in person, and haue there ready some such of his Friendes, as may appeale the rest eche man personally. For if hee appeale them all in his owne person, and offer defence against them all: the Law requireth it neces∣sarily, that he alone must fight the Combate, against ••ll them that hee hath appealed. And concerning this Case, you shall see what ensued (not long since) in the Kings Courte.

* 3.45A Knight appealed three other Knights of a Man-slaughter, done by Treason and wickedly. And if they confessed the fact, he requested, that they might be punished as such offenders deserued. But if they denied it; he offered to approue it by him selfe, or by others, with Gadges of Battaile. Whereunto the other three made an∣swere, that they denyed the fact, and offered to defend themselues against him, who had there instantly appealed them. But because he had said, that hee would proue it by others with him, and they were not named in the Appeale: they would not allow, that he should deliuer Gadges for any other with him; but required, that he, as he had himselfe alone appealed them all Three, and in a case of villainous wrong, which they themselues were there ready to defend and answere: so he might Com∣bate alone in person against them all three, without any other ayde or helpe with him, and heereupon the Law resolued.

For it was adiudged, that the Knight who had made his Appeale, should Com∣bate

in person against them all Three: because no person may be appealed,* 3.46 that is not present. So the day of Battayle was assigned, and before the appointed day came, one of the three Knights died The other two came into the Court Armed, and he likewise that had appealed them. After the Oathes were taken; in regard there wanted a Party, by meanes whereof they might not goe together: Peace and agreement was made betweene them. By this Iudgement you may perceiue, that when any man will accuse, and offer Gages for diuers persons in a Case of Crime:* 3.47 eche man must bee there present, and named, in regard of the perill thereon en∣suing.

He therefore that will wisely Appeale, and pursue it in discreete manner, if hee will Combate with no more the one man only: when hee perceiueth the Iudges prepared to giue sentence, before they deliuer a word; he is to speake to the Lord that holdeth the Court, in this manner.

Sir, I am to haue heere a Iudgement this day, and I require,* 3.48 that you would cause it to be pronounced by one of these men, as in case of a Iury, and that the Iudgement pronounced by him, you would demaund of the next man following him, and so of eche man by himselfe leasurably: that I may perceiue, if the Iudgement be against me, and who will appeale, that Iudgement may follow.

And the Court ought to graunt him this request. And when Iudgement is pro∣nounced by one of the men, and the second man following: he need attend no lon∣ger for making his Appeale, but should call to the next Man, and say in this manner to the Iustice.

Sir, I say that this Iudgement which is deliuered against me, and whereunto P. hath condescended; is false, wicked and disloyall, and for such will I make it against the said P. (who is consenting to the Iudgement) by my selfe, or by a Man that may and shall doe it for me, as hee that hath Essoyne, which I will shew in place conuenient, euen in this Court heere, or in an other, Whether Law may bring me, by reason of this Appeale.

When he shall haue so said: he that is Appealed, must make answere, saying.

The Iudgement is good and Loyall, and I offer in Law to approue with him, or an other for him, that may do it in regard of his excuse or Essoine, either in this Court heere, or elsewhere Law shall bring me.

And then he should request, that it may be demaunded of all the men, if they be agreed vpon this Iudgement: because his defence is the fayrer, when they all haue graunted agreement thereunto.

And then is the Iudge to receiue the Gages, and to take good security of him that Appealed, for the pursuite of his Appeale. But he that followeth the Iudgement,* 3.49 he needeth not to giue any surety: in regard that he is the Man, who if he bring not the Iudgement to good effect; he shall loose the Iudgement, and must pay Three∣score Pounds to the Lord. But for him that Appealed, if the Iudgement fall foule on his side: he is to pay Threescore Pounds Fine, and to him against wh••m he made the Appeale, Threescore Pounds more. And if he Appeale many men,* 3.50 he must make amends to euery man by himselfe, and the amends to each man is Three∣score Pounds; in which respect it is very requisite, that he deliuer good security for pursuing his Appeale.

When Gages are giuen in a Case of Crime, or vpon a false Iudgement: the Par∣ties may not make Peace, without the agreement of the Lord.

Thus you see what we haue learned from the Lord of Beaumanoir, wherein are many other things well worthy the obseruation, which I let passe vnder silence, to haste the sooner to my iourneyes end. Only let me tell thee Gentle Read••r, that from these Gages of Battaile, hath proceeded the custome,* 3.51 of condemning in Fines the Parties Appellant, as well in matters Ciuile, as Criminall, Fines applicable as well to the King, as also to the Parties, according to the nature of the causes, which are mooued by Appeale in the Court of Parliament, and other subalternate Courts, for which (heeretofore) the Apellants stood bound to deliuer Caution: which were no more to be done, if the Appellants be naturall Subiects borne, and dwelling in the Kingdome.

Phillip le Bell (Sonne and Successour to King Phillip the Hardy) King of France and

Nauarre,* 3.52 by his Ordenance in the yeare One Thousand, Three Hundred and three, prohibited Duelloes and Combates to his Subiects, vpon paine of being punished, as in the case of High-Treason.

But about three yeare after, he was constrained to reuoake this Ordenance, and to permit Combates againe, to auoyde worse occasions: with certaine modifica∣tions and restraints in those Combates, which the Court permitted in foure cases only, to wit.

* 3.53First, when the delict propounded against any one, deserued to be punished with death: As Murder, which Mathew Paris calleth Crimen pessimum, speaking of▪ Iohn Without-Land, who stabde (with his owne hand) his Nephewe Arthur of Bretaigne.

Second, when an acte was perpetrated and committed so closely and cunningly; as it could not be proued by witnesses, presumptions and other meanes.

Thirdly, when the party accused was called to the Combate, as being suspected to haue committed the Crime, by apparant Indices and presumptions: And

Fourthly, Quando constabat de Cadauere, when it was euidently notorious, that the Crime had bin done and committed.

In these Cases only, the Duell and Combate was permitted by the King, and by his Court of Parliament, and not otherwise.

Now heere we will set downe this Ordenance of Combate, in the Foure cases be∣fore remembred; with such Ceremonyes as were vsed in those singular Combates, perfourmed in the yeare of Grace One thousand, three hundred and sixe.

The Ordenance consulted and agreed on, concerning Duells and Combates: And the Ceremonies, to bee obserued and Kept, in Combates at the Sharpe and vtmost extremity. CHAP. IIII.

A Coppy of the Kings Letters Patents.

PHILLIP, By the Grace of God, King of France and of Nauarre, to all such as shall see and reade these our Letters Patents, Greeting. We make knowne, that as heeretofore, for the common benefit of our Kingdomes, wee did generally prohi∣bite to all our Subiects, all manner of Warres, and all Gadges of Battailes, whereby many ma∣lefactors put forward themselues, by strength of their bodies and false engines, to commit Homicides, Treasons and all other offences in great excesse, because when they had done them couertly and closely, they could not be conuinced by witnesses, and so the offence remai∣ned as countenanced. Now in regard that what we haue done, is not only for the common profit and good of our Kingdome, but likewise to take away from euill doers, all meanes whereby they may in such manner offend: Wee haue qualified our former prohibition in such sort, that where euident apparance may be discerned, of Homicide, Treason, or other grieuous violences and vile actions (only Theft excepted) whereby paine of death ought to follow, yet the transgressions are so closely caried, that the committing of them, and hee that therein hath offended, cannot be conuinced by Testimonies, or other sufficient meanes. It is Our will, that in such occasions of defaylance, hee, or they, that by Indice or Presumptions neerlie leaning to the trueth, concerning the deede done, vpon such facts suspected, shall bee cited and appealed to the Gage of Battaile, and in such cases, the Gage of Battayle ought to take place. And because in this kinde of Iustice onely, wee purposed our former prohibition, forbidding places and times for such Gages of Battayle: it is not now our meaning, that the same prohibition shall be repealed, nor extend to any cases formerly past, nor after the date of these Our present Letters, whereby condemnations, absolutions or enquiries should bee made: to the end that it may be iudged, absolued or condemned according to the fact, as in such cases is required, and thereto plainely appertaineth.

In Witnesse whereof, we haue caused our Great Seale to be affixed to these pre∣sents.

Giuen at Paris on Wednesday — In the yeare of Grace, One thou∣sand, three hundred and sixe, and of Our Reigne the one and twentieth.

Concerning those Foure things. necessarily appertayning to bee done, before the Gage for Battayle may be adiudged.

I. FIrst of all it is Our will and ordenation, that deed the shall be notorious and euidently certaine, that the euill acte hath happened,* 4.1 and the same acte to ap∣peare plainely: whether it be, Murder, Man-slaughter, Treason, or the like offence by euident suspition.

The Second is, whether the case be such, that death ought to follow thereon,* 4.2 or no: The case of Theft onely excepted, wherein no Gage is to be allowed; and the cause to be signified, what payne of death ought to follow thereon.

The Third is, that no man is to be otherwise punished, then by way of Gage,* 4.3 and it is to be signified in the case of concealed Treason, if he that hath committed the acte, cannot defend himselfe but by his body.

The Fourth, that the party which should be appealed, must be defamed of the fact,* 4.4 by apparant signes, or presumptions likely to be true, and then to signifie the cause of those signes and presumptions.

How the Defendant should come to present himselfe before the Iudge, Without summons or Warning.

II. WE will that in Gage of Battaile, euery man, (that tearmeth himselfe a true man,) in honesty ought to render & present himselfe, without be∣ing cited or summoned, if he know himselfe to be accused. But otherwise,* 4.5 delay may be giuen him, to haue the aduise of his friends: And then if he appeare not with∣out admonition; yet is not this right thereby impaired, or his Honour any iot impeached.

That no Gage is to bee graunted for Theft or Robbery.

III. ITem we will and ordayne, according to the text of Our said Letters Patents,* 4.6 that considering, in the case of Theft and Robbery, the payne and penal••y of death is due iustly thereto: therefore, in Theft and Robbery, no Gage of Battile is to be allowed, according as it is ordered in the case of Theft.

How the Appellant is to propound his Case before the Judge, against the party Appealed.

IIII. ITem we will and ordaine, that when the Gage of Battayle is propounded, and what paine of death is to follow vpon the deed (the case of Theft ex∣cepted, as hath bin said) It shall suffice when the Appellant saith,* 4.7 that the party Ap∣pealed hath committed the acte by himselfe, or by some other, suppose that the Ap∣pellant is not named heere, nor nameth any.

Item if the case be supposed in generall tearmes, as to say. I say this, and will say, maintaine and defend, that such a one hath trayterously slaine, or caused to be slaine such a one: We will and ordaine, that such a kind of proposition shall not be sufficient,* 4.8 but vnworthy any answere, according to the stile of our Court of France. For it behoueth him to declare the place where the wicked deede was done, the time and the day; also the name of the party dead, or of the Treason committed. Notwith∣standing, information concerning the offence may be of such condition; as there shall be no need of telling the houre nor the day, because the case may be obscure, and very difficulte to be knowne.

Item we will and Ordaine, that if the Iudge allow the Gage or Combate, contra∣ry

to the Customes contained in our said Letters: whatsoeuer shall be done to the contrary,* 4.9 may lawfully be repealed.

Item we will and ordaine, that the Appellant or demaunder of Iustice, must say, or cause to be said by an Aduocate for him, his minde before vs, or some other com∣petent Iudge for vs: against his aduerse party, he being present. And he is to be very respectiue, that he doe not vrge any villainous speeches, but what may tend to the quarrell only.* 4.10 Further, he ought to conclude with this request, that if the Ap∣pealed Party or defendant, doe confesse the matters by him propounded, to be true: that then he may be condemned, as hauing forfeited and confiscated his Body and goods to vs, and to be punished with answerable paines, as our Lawes, Custome, and the matter requireth.

But if the Defendant or appealed Party doe denie it; then the Appellant is to say, that although he cannot proue the matter by Witnesses, or otherwise; yet ne∣uerthelesse he will auouch it, by his owne body against the others, or by one to auouch it for him:* 4.11 In an Enclosed Field, as a Getnleman and Honest man ought to doe, in our presence, as their Iudge and Soueraigne Prince. And then he is to cast downe his Gage of Battaile, and afterward to retaine his Counsell, for Armes, Horse and all other things, necessarily belonging to the Gage of Battaile. And then in this case, according to his Nobilitie, or other condition appertaining to him, the prote∣stations following are required. Which Protestations, Appellations and Ordenances, shall be Registred downe in our Court of France, and not elsewhere, to iudge if there bee a Gage, or no.

And first of all he is to say: Most Excellent and most Christian Prince, our King and Soueraigne Lord. But if they be not of our Kingdome, in stead of Soueraigne Lord, he is to say.* 4.12 Most Excellent and Most-Christian Prince, our competent Iudge, for bringing a finall end to such matters as haue bin spoken and propounded bee mee: I protest and main∣taine, that by lawfull Exoine of mine owne Body, I will haue a Gentleman (instead thereof) this day to auouch the case for me, in my presence if I can, or else in mine absence, who by the helpe of God, and of our Lady, shall perfourme his Loyall deuoyre, at my perill, costs and charges, as reason requireth, at all, or as many wayes as you please, and likewise with Armes and Horses, as if it were my selfe in person, and according as to such a case be∣longeth.

We also will and ordaine, that the defendant (if he will) may speake the contra∣ry vpon his perill, and request, that the iniuries spoken against him by the Appel∣lant, may be requited with such amends and punishments, as he ought to suffer in the said case.* 4.13 And that the said Appellant (the Honour of Our Maiesty reserued, or of his competent Iudge) hath falsely and maliciously lyed, and wicked and false he is to speake it. And that in defence of himselfe, by the helpe of God, and of our Lady, with his body, or his auoucher for him, without any Essoyne, if it be said and iudged to be a Gage of Battayle, he will be ready at the day and place, which by the King, as Soueraigne, or his competent Iudge shall bee appoin∣ted.

* 4.14And then (but not before) he is to take vp the Gage from the ground, and after∣ward make his protestations in manner before said; as also to request his Auoucher for him, in case of a lawfull excuse or Essoyne. Then he may demaunde, and haue his Councell, Armes, Horse and all other things necessary, answerable to the Gage for Battayle; either according to his Nobility, or whatsoeuer condition he is of else beside, as before is expressed. Which words, protestations, and defences, wee will and commaund to be likewise recorded and registred, to vnderstand, whether he may haue Gage, or no, and for Amends making each to the other, according as Iustice shall ordaine.

* 4.15In this case, each of them shall sweare, promise and stand bound, to appeare at the day, houre and place to them assigned, as well on the day, to know if the Gage be there, as on that of Battayle, if Battayle be graunted, according to the information of the Processe; which must be seene and carefully respected, by notable wise and honest Men, Clearkes, Knights and Esquires, without bearing fauour to either party. Which Gage, or no Gage, shall be before them adiudged at the day and place, as

hath bin said: on paine of being taken and reputed for a Recreant and Conuicted person, in whom the default shall be made. And we further will and commaund,* 4.16 that they shall bee arrested and stayed, if they doe not deliuer good and sufficient Pledges, and not deparing without our leaue and licence.

What is to bee done on the Kings behalfe, if either of the Par∣ties doe depart without taking leaue.

V. WE will and ordaine, that if any of the Parties doe depart, without leaue and licence of our Court, after the Gages are throwne downe and ta∣ken vp: He so departing without our leaue; we will and ordaine, that he shall be ta∣ken and proclaimed, to be a Recreant and conuicted villaine.

And because it hath bin, and is the custome, that the Appellant and Defendant, entring into the Field, should come in such due forme as Law hath ordained:* 4.17 Wee order and determine, that they must bring with them all the Armes and Weapons, wherewith they intend to offend one another, and for their owne defence. They shall depart from their Houses and Lodgings on Horseback; their Horses couered with Foote clothes, and garnishments of their Armes; the Viser or sight of their Helmets put downe; their Shields about their necks; their Launces in their hands, their Swords and Daggers guirded to them, yea, in all such fashion and manner, as they purpose to fight the Combat, be it on Horseback, or on foote. For, if they cause their Armes and Weapons to be caried by any other, and beare the Visers of their Helmets exalted or open, without our licence, or leaue of the Iudge: it will bee such preiudice to them, as they must bee constrained to Combate in that manner as they entred into the Field, and according to the present custome.

But because this custome appeareth to vs, to be somewhat iniurious for the Com∣battants: by our said Letters, and our present Chapters, wee quallifie the same,* 4.18 wil∣ling and ordaining; that the Combattants may depart from their Lodgings, moun∣ted and Armed as hath bin said. The Visers of their Helmets lifted vp, and causing to bee caried before them their Shields, their Launces and other Armes, reasonable and fitt for Combating in such a case. Moreouer, to make it openly knowne, that they be true Christians, at departing from their Lodgings so leysurely as may bee:* 4.19 With their right hands they shall Crosse themselues, or beare a Crucifixe in them, or little Ban∣ners, whereon shall bee portrayed, our Lord, our Lady, the Angels, he Saints or she Saints by them made choice of, and to whom they are perticulerly deuoted. With which Crosses or Banners they shall not part, vntill they alight within their Pauil∣lions.

Heere followeth the First of the Three Cries, and the Fiue Prohibitions, which the King of Armes, or Herauld ought to make, at all Gages of Battayle or Combate.

VI. FIrst of all, the king of Armes, or Herauld ought to come on Horseback, to the Gate or entrance of the Lists, and there hee is to Crye once, before the comming of the Appellant.

Secondly, hee is to Crye an other time, when the Appellant and Defen∣dant shall be entred, and shall haue made their presentations before the Iudge.

And Thirdly, when they shall be returned from making their last Oaths; accor∣ding to this forme following, and crying with a loud exalted voyce.

OR oyez, or oyez, or oyez Seigneurs, Cheualiers, Escuyers, & toutes manie res de Gens, ce que nostre Sire, le bon Roy de France vous commande & deffend sur peine de perdre Corps, & Biens.

Que Nul ne soit arme, ne porte Espee, ne Dague, ne autre Harnois quel qu'il soit, fi ce ne sont les Gardes du Champs; & Ceux qui par le Roy, auront congie, & pounoir de ce faire.

Encores le Roy nostre Sire vous commande, & deffend que Nul de quelque condition qu'il soit, durant la Bataille ne soit, à Cheual; & ce sur peine aux Gentils hommes de perdre le Cheual; & aux Seruiteurs de perdre vne Oreille: Et Ceux qui conduiront les Comba∣teurs, descenduz qu'ils seront à la porte du Champ, seront incontinent tenu•• r'enuoyer leurs Cheuaux, sur la peine que dicte est.

Encores le Roy nostre Sire vous commande, & enioinct à toute Personne de quelque con∣dition qu'elle soit, qu'il s'assise sur Banc, ou par Terre, à ce que Chacun, puisse voir les Par∣ties combattre plus à son gre, sur peine d'auoir le Poing coupe.

Encores le Roy nostre Sire vous commande, & deffend que Nul ne parle; ne face Signe; ne Crache; ne Crie; ne face aucun semblant quel qu'il soit &, ce sur peine dè perdre Corps, & Biens.

Now heare you, now heare you, now heare Lords, Knights, Esquires, and all manner of people, that which our Lord the good King of France commandeth and prohibiteth, vpon paine of loosing Body and goods.

* 4.20That no man shall be Armed, neither weare any Sword or Dagger, or any other Har∣nesse or Armour whatsoeuer it be: If they be not Guards of the Field, and such as haue leaue granted by the King, and may doe it.

Moreouer, the King our Lord commandeth, and expresly forbiddeth, that no man (of what condition soeuer he be) during the time of Battaile or Combat, shall dare to be on Horse∣backe. And that vpon penaltie to Gentlemen, of loosing their Horses; And to Seruing∣men,* 4.21 of loosing an Eare: And that such as are appointed Guides and Conducters to the Combattants, shall dismount themselues when they come to the Gate of the Field, and their Horses to be sent away immediately from them, vpon the penaltie before de∣clared.

* 4.22Moreouer, the King our Lord commandeth, and enioyneth to all persons, of what condi∣tion or degree soeuer they be; that they seate themselues vpon banks, or downe on the ground; to the end, that euery one may behold the parties Combatting the more easily; vpon paine to haue a hand cut off.

Moreouer, the King our Lord commandeth and forbiddeth, that any man doe speake, make signe,* 4.23 spie, crie, nor making any semblance whatsoeuer: And that vpon paine of loosing bo∣dy and gaods.

How the Appellant ought to come on Horsebacke to the Field, Armed withall his Armes.

VII. ANd because that (according to the auncient Customes of this our King∣dome of France) the Appellant ought to present himselfe first in the Field, and before the houre of Midday:* 4.24 And the Defendant before the houre of foure of the clocke in the after Noone, and whosoeuer saileth of these houres, is held and ad∣iudged for a Recreant and Conuict, except the mercie of the Iudge be therein ex∣tended, which Customes we willed and commanded, to be still continued and stand in full force: Yet notwithstanding, vpon some good reasons vs mouing there∣unto, we haue qualified those Ordenances, and giue our consent▪ that either we our selfe, or the competent Iudge, may prolong or else shorten those houres, according to the dispositions of the times,* 4.25 as to all Iudges shall seeme pleasing. And taking the Parties into our power to agree them, and to order for the good and honor of them both what may be done: or giuing another day and houre, as well before the Bat∣tailes beginning, as in the time of Combatting for finishing the Battaile; by bring∣ing them both to one and the same point: yet neither of them to excuse himselfe, complaine or vse any protestations, but that the same was done by their competent Iudges, hauing power and authoritie to doe it.

Here ensue the Requests and Protestations, which both the Parties should make, at their entring into the Field.

VIII. ANd to the Constable, Marshals or Marshall, that attendeth there for the businesse, the Appellant shall say, or procure to be said by his Aduocate,

and likewise to the Iudge, when he is mounted on Horsebacke for entring into the Field, these words which follow, but first at entring into the Field.

My Most-Honorable Lord, my Lord the Constable, or my Lord the Marshall of the Field: I am such a man (on else) Behold here such a Man, who before you, as he that is ap∣pointed by our Lord the King, commeth to present himselfe Armed, and mounted like a Gentleman, that must enter to Combat with such a Gentleman, vpon such a Quarrell, as with a false wicked Traitour or Murderer as he is. And hereof I take our Lord, our Lady, and my Lord Saint George the good Knight to witnesse, on this day to vs assig∣ned by our Lord the King, and for the doing and accomplishing thereof am come hither. Here I present my selfe vnto you, to doe my deuoire, requiring you, that you will impart and deliuer to me my portion of the Field, Winde and Sunne, and of all else that is needefull for me, conuenable and profitable in such a case. Which being by you performed, I will doe my duetie, by the helpe of God, of our Lady, and of my Lord Saint George the good Knight.

Moreouer he must protest, that he doth require it, and that it may be lawfull for him, to fight the Combat either on Horsebacke, or on foote;* 4.26 as to his Honor it shall seeme best, either Armed, or disarmed: And to weare those which shall like him, to offend or defend at his pleasure to appoint, before, or in Combatting, if God will vouchsafe him the leasure to doe it.

Then he further requireth, that if the aduerse Partie shall bring to the Field other Armes, then by the constitution of France he ought to bring; that they may be ta∣ken from him, and instead of them, he may haue no other, then such as are and ought to be allowed.

Also, that if his enemie bring Armes, fordged by wicked Arts, Charmes,* 4.27 Sorce∣ries or Incantations, by meanes whereof it may be manifestly knowne, that the truth and right of his cause was hindered before the Combat, or in the time of Combatting, or after he had performed his best endeauour, and so his right, iustice and honor hath bin impaired: That the proofe of such wicked dealing appearing euidently, his Aduersarie may be punished, as an enemy to God, a Traitour and Murderer to him, and according to the condition of the case. But whether the Armes be charmed or no, his enemy ought to be solemnely sworne therein.

He is also to require and protest, that if the pleasure of God be such,* 4.28 as (before Sunne-setting) He hath not discomfited and slaine his enemie (which he purposed to haue done, if God had thereto bin so pleasing) that a new day may be granted him, because much time of this day was lost, in passage of the Ceremonies before entring into Combat, according to the auncient Rites and Customes. For the space of a whole day may thus be necessarily required: whereto we consent, and freely grant it him.

Moreouer, that if his Aduersarie be not come within the due houre, and assigned by our Lord the King: that his Aduersarie may not afterward be accepted, but held as a Recreant and Conuicted. Yet this request is to remaine within the compasse of our freedome and power. Neuerthelesse,* 4.29 if he make delay without our will & com∣mand: it is then our pleasure, that it shall be so, as aboue is said.

He is further expresly to demand and protest, that he may bring thither with him Bread, Wine and other Viandes, to eate and drinke for the space of a day, if he shall be in any such neede; with all things else conuenient and requisite for him and his Horse, in such a case. Which protestations and requests, as well in generall,* 4.30 as in especiall, he ought to require an Act and Instrument of. And the same requests and protestations of the Appellant, we will and ordaine that the Defendant may make likewise, and in the same forme of the Appellant: except the said requests and protestations, shall be especially and respectiuely forbidden by both the parties themselues. We also will and ordaine, that they may Combat on Horse∣backe, or on foote, with all Staues and Armours; except such as are forged by wick∣ed engine, Charmes, Enchantments, and Inuocations vpon Diuels, and all other such like things, forbidden by God and his holy Church to all good Christians.

In what manner the Scaffoldes and Lists of the Field ought to bee ordered and prepared, with the Crucifix, Te Igitur, Tents and Pauillions of the Parties.

* 4.31IX. FVrthermore we will and ordayne, that all Lists for Gages of Battayle, shall containe Sixescore paces about, or in circuit, that is to say, Forty paces in Widenesse, and Fourescore in Length: which all our Iudges shall stand obliged to see done, and leaue them so to others, that shall come after them.

Wee also will and Commaund, that the Seate and Pauillion of the Appellant (whatsoeuer he be) shall be placed in the Field on our right hand, or of the Iudge: And that of the Defendant,* 4.32 is to be vpon the left hand.

And when both of the Combatants shall haue spoken, or caused to be spoken by their Aduocates, the Protestations and Requests before rehearsed, & before their en∣tring into the Field; they must abase or slip downe the Visers of their Helmets, and enter so with their Visers abased, making the signe of the Crosse, as already hath bin said: And in that manner they ought to come before the Scaffoldes, where their Iudge may command them to raise vp their Visers. If the King bee there present, they ought then to say.* 4.33 Most Excellent, and Most Mighty Prince, and our Soueraigne Lord: I am such a Man, who in your presence, as to our Iust Lord and Soueraigne Iudge. But if it be to any other then the King, he must then say. My Most-dreaded Lord, I am such a Man, Who in your presence, as before our competent Iudge, am come this day, and at the Houre by you assigned to me, to doe my deuoire against such a Man, by reason of the Mur∣der, or Treason which he hath done. And heereof I take God on my part, and who therein shall be my helpe this day.

* 4.34When he hath spoken these words, or so neere as hee can to the same effect: by his Councellers a writing is to be giuen him, contayning all the former words which (with his owne hand) he must deliuer to the Marshall, and he ought to receiue it. Which being done, we giue him leaue to dismounte, and goe into his Pauillion. But if it shall appeare, that he hath not spoken the former words; then we will and commaund, that they must be done by the Office of his Aduocate.

* 4.35When all the foresaid things are doe, the King of Armes, or Herauld ought to mount vpon the Gate of the Lists, and make his Second Crie, and the Fiue inhibi∣tions, in such manner and forme as formerly you haue heard.

Now follow the Oathes, which are to be taken by them, that will enter and Combate with Gage of Battayle.

X. FIrst the Appellant is to come (with his Viser exalted) departing from his Pauillion on foote,* 4.36 Armed with all his Armes, and his Tenicle thereon. Then by the Guards of the Field, and them of his Councell, he must be brought be∣fore the Scaffold, erected before the midst of the Lists, where our Maiesty shall bee placed, or some other for vs in our absence. There the Appellant falleth on his knees, before a Seate and a Table richly adorned, where standeth the true figure of our Lord and Sauiour Iesus Christ, placed on a rich Pillow, with the Missale lying by it. On the right hand of this Altar is seated a Priest or Religious Fryer, who speaketh to the Appellant in this manner following.

* 4.37Arise Knight (or Esquire, or Lord of such a place) Who art Appellant. You behold heere the most true remembrance, of our Lord and Sauiour Iesus Christ, who because hee would dye, deliuered his most precious Body to Death, only to saue vs. Require you mercy of him, and earnestly beseech him, that this day he will assist you, according to the right you haue, for he is the only Soueraigne Iudge. Thinke on the Oaths which you are to take; for otherwise your Soule, your Honor and your selfe are in great perill.

When these words are finished, the Marshall taketh the Appellant by both the hands, with the Gauntlets on, and placing his right hand vpon the Crucifix, and his left vpon the Te Igitur: then he causeth him to speake after him word by word, thus.

I Such a one, Appellant, doe sweare vpon this Remembrance of our Lord and Sauiour Iesus Christ, and on the Holy Euangelists which are heere, and on the Faith of a true Chri∣stian, and by the sacred Baptisme, which I hold of God: that I haue certainely a good, iust

and Holy quarrell, and by good right haue in this Gage of Battayle appealed Such a one, a false and wicked Traytour, Murderer or Periured Villaine (according as the condition of the Crime is) and who hath a most false and wicked quarrell on his part to defend. This will I make good this Day, with my body against his, by the helpe of God, of our Lady, and of my Lord Saint George, that good and worthy Knight.

This Oath being thus made, the Appellant riseth, and returneth into his Pauil∣lion, with them of his Councell, and the Guards that conducted him.

The Oath taken by the Defendant, before the Judge.

XI. AFterward, the Guards of the Field goe to the Pauillion of the Defendant, whom they conduct before the Altare, to take his Oath likewise in the forme aforesaid with his Councellers, Armed with all his Armes, and the Tunicle or Coate Armour ouer all, as hath beene said. After he hath beene admonished by the Priest, the Marshall taketh him by the hands, with the Gauntlets on, as before he did to the Appellant. And then he speaketh thus. You, Such a one, or Lord of such a place, say thus after me, and as I doe.

I Such a one, Defendant, sweare vpon this Remembrance, of the Passion of our Lord and Sauiour Iesus Christ, and on the Sacred Euangelists which are heere,* 4.38 and on the Faith of a true Christian, and by the blessed Baptisme which I hold of God: That I haue, and thinke firmely to haue, a good, holy and iust quarrell, and good right to defend my selfe by this Gage of Battayle, against Such a one, who falsely and wickedly hath accused mee, false and wicked man as he is, so to appeale me, And this will I make good vpon him this day, with my body against his: So helpe me God, our Lady, and my Lord Saint George, that good and worthy Knight.

This Oath likewise being made, the defendant ariseth, and returneth againe to his Pauillion, according as the Appellant did.

The Third Oath, which both the Parties make be∣fore the Iudge.

XII. AT the Third Oath, the Guards deuide themselues equally on either side, and comming to the two Parties, guide them accompanied with their Councellers, as hath bin said; who comming step by step,* 4.39 and paired toge∣ther, when they come before the Crosse, and the Te ••gitur: The Marshall taketh their right hands, and pulling off their Gauntlets, which hee hangeth on the the two Armes of the Crosse. Then must the Priest bee there present, to remember them of the Passion of our Lord Iesus Christ; the perdition of him that shall haue the shame, both in soule and body; the great Oaths they haue taken, and are yet to take; the Sentence of God, who fauoureth nothing but the rightfull cause. Aduising them further, rather to trust to the mercy of the King, then to en∣daunger the wrath of God, and power of the infernall enemy. And this Oath wee appoint to be the last of the Three: in regard of the mortall hatred betweene them; especially, when they come to see each other, and to shake hands together at par∣ting.

Then the Marshall is to demaund first of the Appellant, saying. You, Such a one, A•• Appellant will you Sweare? If he repent, and make conscience of it,* 4.40 as becommeth a good Christian to doe: we will receiue him into our mercy, or else the Iudge shall doe it, before whom he should performe the Combate; to giue, or enioyne him penance, or further to appoint our pleasure. If it fall out to bee so, then they are to be brought backe into their Pauillions, and not to depart thence without our com∣maund, or order from the Iudge before whom they came. But if the Appellant will constantly sweare it to be true; then the Marshall must demaund the like of the De∣fendant, and then returning to the Appellant, cause him to speake thus after him.

I Such a one, Appellant, doe sweare vpon this true figure of the Passion of our Lord and Sauiour Iesus Christ; and on these Holy Euangelists heere;* 4.41 on the Faith of Baptisme as a Christian, which I hold of my true God; on the most-soueraigne Ioyes of Paradise, which I vtterly renounce for the most bitter paynes of Hell; vpon my Soule, my Life, and vpon

mine Honor; That I haue a good, holy and iust Quarrell, to Combat with this false and wicked Traitour, Murderer, Periured Villaine: I meane this vile man here before me. And in this case I call God for my true Iudge, our Lady, and my Lord Saint George, that good and worthy Knight. And for this faithfully (by the Oathes which I haue taken) I intend not to beare vpon my selfe, nor vpon my Horse, Words, Stones, Hearbes, Charmes, Sorceries, Drinkes, Carracters, Inuocations on Spirits, or any other thing, wherein I might place the least hope of helping me, and to hurt him. Nor haue I any other recourse, but to God one∣ly, and confidence in my right; by my Body, by my Horse, and by mine Armes to pre∣uaile. Whereupon, I kisse this figure of the Crosse, and these Holy Euangelists, and so am silent.

After the Oath thus taken, the Marshall goeth to the Defendant, whom he causeth to vse the very same words, and in the same manner.

* 4.42When the Defendant hath kist the Crucifixe, and the Te Igitur, for more clea∣ring the right of them both; he taketh the two parties by the right hands, which they giuing each to other; hee commandeth the Appellant to speake thus to his enemie.

O thou, whom I hold by the right hand, by the Oathes that I haue taken, the cause for which I haue appealed thee; is a good cause, and lawfull for me to appeale thee, wherein this day I will Combat thee. Thou hast a bad cause, and no iust quarrell to enter Combat, or to defend thy selfe against me, and that thou knowest full well. Whereupon, I call God, our La∣dy, and my Lord Saint George that good Knight, to be my true Witnesses: a false Traitour, Murderer, and periured Villaine as thou art.

The answere to the Oath of the Appellant, made by the Defendant.

XIII. AFter this, the Marshall saith to the Defendant, that he must make the same protestation, as the Appellant did, taking him againe by the hand.

O thou, whom I hold by the right hand, by the Oathes that I haue taken, the Cause wherein thou hast appealed me, is false and wicked. Wherefore, I haue good and lawfull reason to defend my selfe, and to Combat against thee this day. For thou hast a naughtie cause, and no quarrell to appeale me, or fight against me, and that thou knowest full well. And that this is true, I call God, our Lady, and my Lord Saint George that good and worthy Knight, to be my true witnesses: False and wicked man as thou art.

After these Oathes thus made, and the speeches spoken by either of them; they kisse the Crucifixe together,* 4.43 and then (paired with their Councellours and friends) returne to their Pauillions to doe their deuoire. And the Priest then taketh the Crosse and the Te Igitur, as also the Table whereon they stood, which he beareth away with him, and departeth thence. And the King of Armes, after all this is done, and in such forme as hath bin said; he maketh the last Crie of the Three.

The Last of the three Cries.

XIV. WHen the King of Armes or Herald is ready to Crie, all the people be∣ing seated, and silence made, not to speake a word, the Parties being likewise ready to performe their dutie; then by command of the Marshall, commeth the King of Armes or Herauld into the midst of the Lists, where he crieth three se∣uerall times;* 4.44 Gentlemen, doe your deuoire. After which words, the two Combat∣tants leaue their Pauillions, Chaires or Stooles, comming forth to mount vpon their Horses, which stand there readily prepared for them, their Staues and Lances by, wherewith they are to helpe themselues, and their Councellors walking with them: when suddenly their Pauillions are beaten downe, and cast forth of the Lists.

How at the two Combattants issuing forth of their Pauillions, vpon the voyce and command of the Marshall; he throweth downe the Gloue.

XV. AFter all is done, the Marshall, who must be in the middest of the Field, by the Scaffold, carrying the Gloue in his hand; crieth three seuerall times.

Let them goe together. At which words he casteth downe the Gloue. Then he that will mounteth on Horsebacke, but he that will not, is left to his owne pleasure.* 4.45 And then the Councellours to both the Parties, without any longer tarrying, depart, lea∣uing each man his Bottell of Wine, and a Loafe of Bread in a Napkin: And then they doe what they can.

In what manner the Gage of Battaile should be granted: And how the Conqueror should drag the Vanquished out of the Field.

XVI. WE will and command, that the Gage of Battaile shall not be granted but in one of these two manners, that is to say. When one of the two Par∣ties confesseth the fault, and yeeldeth himselfe. And the other: When the one shall bring the other forth of the Field, aliue or dead. And dead or aliue as he is, the body shall be deliuered by the Iudge to the Marshall, to order or doe Iustice at our plea∣sure. If he be liuing, we appoint, that he shall be deliuered to the Heraulds and King of Armes, by whom he shall be disarmed, his Points cut,* 4.46 and his Armour cast piecemeale in the Lists, while he lies couched on the ground. But if he be dead, he shall be likewise disarmed, and there left to our appointment, either to be pardoned, or sent to more shamefull punishment, according as to vs shall seeme best. Neuer∣thelesse, the Hostages of the vanquished shall be arrested, vntill they shall haue made ful satisfaction to the Partie victorious. And the ouer-plus of the vanquisheds goods, shall be confiscate to the Prince.

How the Vanquisher ought to depart out of the Lists Honorably.

XVII. IT is our further will and pleasure, that the Vanquisher shall depart hono∣rably on Horsebacke out of the Lists, in the same forme as he made his entrance; if he be not hindered by some Exoine, or harme happened to his body;* 4.47 carrying the weapon (wherewith he hath conquered his Aduersarie) in his right hand, hauing his Pledges and Hostages freely deliuered to him. And concerning this quarrell, whatsoeuer information can come to the contrary; he is not to make any answere, neither shall any Iudge compell him thereunto, except himselfe be so pleased.

We also will and ordaine, that the Horse as he is, and Armes of the Vanquished,* 4.48 and all things vpon him, or brought thither for him; doe and shall appertaine to the Constable, Marshals or Marshall of the Field, who in this case haue the charge of all.

And we direct our prayers to God, that he will maintaine the right to him that hath it, and that euery good Christian, may keepe himselfe from falling into such a perill: for, among all other perils that are, this is most of all to be feared, none be∣ing worse then the Gage of Battaile. Wherein, many a Noble man hath found him∣selfe deceiued, whether right were on his side, or no, by being ouer confident in cun∣ning, sleights and strength, or blinded with pride, Anger and ouer-weening;* 4.49 and sometime by shames of the world giuen, for refusing peace, in Parties but of equall qualitie; who many times afterward, For old sinnes past, haue sustained new penances, in contemning and not caring for the Iudgement of God. But whosoeuer complai∣neth, and findeth not Iustice, let him referre his cause to God. If for his owne interest (without pride and despight) he requireth Battaile in case of true right: he needeth not to feare cunning nor force, because our Lord Iesus Christ is a iust Iudge for him, such is the common saying of the world, whose aduise yet (in this case) is hard to be followed.

The Conclusion of the Ordenances for Duelloes and Combats.

THese were the true tearmes of the Edict, concerning Duelloes and single Com∣bats, made by Phillip le Bel, Fourth of the name, King of France and of Nauarre;

whereby (at the beginning) he gaue permission to his Iudges, to grant the Field of Battaile. But in regard it was a right, which appertained to a Soueraigne Prince onely;* 4.50 he made a Proclamation in the yeare following, One thousand three hun∣dred and seauen, Registred in the Parliament of Paris: whereby he reuoaked that power from all the Iudges of his Kingdome; Attributing it onely to his Court of France, the Court of Peeres, that is the Parliament of Paris.

And to them it belonged to Iudge, whether any Gage of Battaile might be gran∣ted, or not: If they did adiudge it, the execution thereof was to be at Paris, orde∣narily (if the absence of the King did not cause the contrary) for all the Prouinces vnder the homage of France, how farre off soeuer they were, holding there his Ex∣checquer, Soueraigne Iustice, extraordinarie Sessions, the Appeales of Duelloes and Ga∣ges of Battaile, should resort to the Parliament of Paris, honored with the title of Excel∣lencie, and honor Of the Court of France.

The reading of these Ordenances, hath caused vs to call to remembrance, many Ceremonies held and obserued in these Fields of Battaile: some few things forgot∣ten, or let sleepe in silence, to be the better knowne in these times, because then they were in full execution.

Ceremonies that were obserued in elder times.

AS giuing to the King, the Constable or Marshall, that carrieth command in the Field of Battaile,* 4.51 A Rod or Wand Guilded: which (like to the Caduceus of Mercu∣rie) being cast in the midst betweene the Combattants, causeth them to sunder each from other.

To obserue also, that the King of Armes, or the Herauld that maketh the Cries and prohibitions, had (for difference) A Rod, or Wand Siluered, as is obserued in the Ro∣mant of Raoul de Cambray.

With chearefull lookes the Herauld rideth on, Holds in his hand a pilled Rod or Wand, And crieth with a loud exalted voyce: Barons and Gentlemen of France, Attend The message, that is sent you from the King. Let no man here make noyse, fight or affray: On paine to haue his head smit off this day.

The manner and fashion, of dragging the dead Body out of the Lists, is here for∣gotten;* 4.52 which we will more at large obserue, in the Chapter concerning Militarie paines and punishments, following hereafter.

But among these Ordenances, may be remembred the auncient Custome, of cut∣ting the Eares of lewd Seruants, refractary to the commands of their Maisters: for it was in France an ordenary paine and punishment for bad Seruants, to haue their Eares cut off.

In our Salique Law, at the Title de Adulterijs Ancillarum, and the fourth Paragraph; Seruus ipse castretur. For meanest faults, they would haue them stretched out vpon a Bench or Fourme,* 4.53 fast bound by the hands and Feete, their bodies naked, as ready for torture and rigour: And with Wands, containing the bignesse of a mans little Finger, Sixescore stripes (of good account and manuall distribution) was to be giu∣en with the Wand vpon the Bellie. And throughout the Salique Law, at the Title De Seruo qui de furto fuerit interpellatus, at the eight Paragraph.

Si autem Seruus de quolibet crimine inculpatus fuerit, & Dominus Serui ipsius praesens adfuit, ab eo qui repetit admoneatur, vt Seruum suum ad iusta supplicia dare non differat: & qui repetit, Virgas paratas habere debet, quae in similitudinem minimi digiti gros∣situdinem habeant, & Scamnum paratum habere debet, vt Seruum ipsum tendere possit.

This was the least punishment then ordained, wherewith they chastised their Ser∣uants. At the same Title, and last Paragraph. Si Ancilla in tali crimine inculoatur de

quo Seruus castrari debuerat, CCXL. Denarios, qui faciunt solidos sex, si conuenit, Dominus reddat, aut Ducentos Quadraginta ictus accipiat.

When better fauour was to be showne to better Seruants,* 4.54 they were to be smit∣ten on the head with Wands of fiue or sixe yeares growth, such as Fagots or Bauins are made of, which are daily growing in our Woods, and tearmed in our Salique Law Amortas; the Gascoigne calleth them Endortes, and the Law of the Baiorians, Ga∣mactas. Sometimes they would belabour their shoulders with sixescore stripes of such a Wand or Cudgell; or fiftie at the least, which was accounted friendly. Rum∣pebatur dorsum eius Quinquaginta Gamactis.

In our Law, at the Title De furtis Seruorum. If a Seruant, from forth the House of his Maister, did steale the value of two Pence: he was to redeeme his shoulders with sixe score Pence, or else to endure so many stripes soundly laid on, and called d'Amorte. Si quis Seruus foris casa, quod valet duos Denarios farauerit, & inde conuictus fuerit, aut flagellis CXX. ictus accipiat, aut pro dorso suo CXX.* 4.55 Denariorum qui faciunt Soli∣dos III. culpabilis iudicetur.

If he did steale the value of Fortie Pence: He was to redeeme his Testicles, as well by restitution of the Principall, whereof he had made the Theft, as also two hundred and fortie Pence, for a penalty; or else he was to be Castrated.

Si vero furauerit quod valet Quadraginta Denarios Aut castretur, aut Ducentos Qua∣draginta Denarios qui faciunt Solidos Sex reddat. Dominus autem Serui, qui furtum fece∣rit, capitale in locum restituat.

If he were like to the Seruant of Marot, that could remember nothing said vnto him; for the better quickning of his memorie, he had one Fare cut off,* 4.56 and this kinde of punishment was practised from the time of our first Kings, Saint Gregorie of Tours, in the first Booke of his Historie of France, and the fortie eight Chapter, spea∣king of Leudastes. Qui bis, aut tertio reductus à fugae lapsu: Auris vnius incisione mulctatur. And the same Authour, in his fift Booke and eighteenth Chap∣ter, informeth vs, that such as contradicted the Kings commands, had their hands smitten off.

But here is to be obserued, that it was not the right Eare which they vsed to cut off, but the left: because therein is a certaine veine,* 4.57 which answereth to the geni∣tall parts, and which being cut away, maketh a man vncapable of the engendring power. And this was done, to the end, that such a race of people, should not leaue to the world any of their vile and vicious breeding, whereof no doubt there are too many. By this manner of cutting off the Eare, were formerly punished Cut-purses, and Domesticke or House-Theeues, in that small streete or quarter, which we see at the entrance of Pont-nostre Dame, la Macque, S. Iacques de la Boucherie, and La Greue, where, in former times, was an ascending, like to that of the Temple; which was called by cutting off Eares; Le Carrefour Guigne Oreille, and in corrupt language Guillory by the vulgar. And this cutting off Eares,* 4.58 hath euermore bin held for an ignominious and infamous Act: because such kinde of people (by the Law of the Medes and Persians) were neuer admitted to the Royaltie. Witnesse false Smerdis, obserued by Zonaras, in the second Booke of his Historie. Nor to the Priesthood among the Iewes, as is testified by Iosephus, in the foureteenth Booke, and fiue and twentieth Chapter of his Iewish Antiquities, speaking of the King, and of the High Priest Hyrcanus. Returne we now againe to our Duelloes, the Or∣denances whereof (before remembred) were obserued in France, all the while as Duelloes continued.

Vnder the Reigne of Phillip de Valois, sixt and last of the name, King of France, there was a Suite in the Court of Parliament, to haue the Gage of Battaile, for the Castell and Vicountie of Touraine: betweene the Lord de Pons, Knight, and the Count of Commenge. The causes for the Gage of Battaile expresseth it selfe the more familiarly, by the Order and Decree of the said Court; which I haue here set downe verbatim, out of the true Record.

PHilippes par la Grace de Dieu Roy de France. A tous ceux qui ces presentes Lettres verront, Salut. Scauoit faisons que Comparant à nostre Cour de Parlement à Paris Reg∣naud

de Pons Cheualier d'vne part, & Bernard Comte de Commenge d'autre part. Ledict Cheualier a propose comme de long temps fust meue question & discord Entre Geo∣froy de Pons Cheualier, iadis Pere dudict Regnaud, & duquel ledict Regnaud est fils, & heritier Vniuersel, seul, & en tous ses biens d'vne part. Et Marguerite iadis Comtesse de Commenge d'autre, pour raison du Chasteau, & Vicomte de Turaine, lesquels Cha∣steau, & Vicomte, chacun desdits Geofroy, & Comtesse disoit à soy appartenir. Ne••nt∣moins ledict Comte Bernard plein de mauuaise intention, & icelle mettant à effect fauce∣ment & malicieusement, a fin de frustrer dudict Vicomte ledit Regnaud auquel il deuoit appartenir apres le decez de son dict Pere, considerant qu'apres la Mort de ladicte Comtesse, qui est decedee sans Hoirs descendants de son Corps, & qui n'auoit iamais este grosse, & n'a∣uoit eu aucuns Enfants il n'auroit aucune couleur de retenir, & posseder ledict Vicomte qui appartenoit audit Regnaud, & auroit suppose, & faict supposer vn Part faucement, mescham∣ment, & frauduleusement, ladicte Comtesse estant en tel estat qu'elle ne pouuoit euader la Mort, & qu'elle en seroit decedee. Que ledict Comte auoit publie, ou fait publier que le dict Part estoit deladite Comtesse, combien que faucement il eust este suppose, & que iamais la∣dicte Comtesse n'eust eu Enfants. Lequel Part ainsi faucement suppose, seroit dedans treis Iours apres la Mort de ladicte Comtesse, par enchantement disparu du lieu, & s'en se∣roit alle comme il estoit venu, à tout le moins en estoit incognue la maniere du departement; & par fiction auroit este dict qu'il estoit decede. Disoit ledict Regnaud que ledict Comte auoit faict faire, ou faict secrettement ladicte fauce supposition, & que par vne seule per∣sonne pouuoit estre faicte ladicte supposition. Et dauantage, proposoit contre ledict Comte, qu'il est notoire que ledict Comte estoit tenu, & oblige a raison de sondict Comte par serment de Fidelite, & d'Hommage au Roy, Royaume, & Coronne de France, & qu'apres le decez de deffunct nostre tres-cher Sieur, & Cousin le Roy Louis (Hutin) estoit demeur••e grosse d'Enfant nostre tres chere Dame la Royne Clemence, & que des••ors ledict Com∣te premeditant que sur le Regime, & Gouuernement du Royaume de France pourroit se m••u∣uoir dissention entre nos tres-chers Sieurs & Cousins Philippes (le Long) & Charles (le Bel) Freres, peu apres Roys de France, ou Aultres, pour autant que lors estoit demeure sans Roy ledict Royaume: Preuoyant aussi que si ladicte Royne Clemence auoit vne Fille, pourroit sourdre question, & querele sur la creation du Roy, ou qui deuoit estre Roy: Et que s'il y auoit vn Fils pourroit y auoir debat sur le Gouuernement d'icelu), considerant le commun Prouerbe par lequel communeement on diti Qu'en Eaue trouble faict bon pescher. Combien que par son Serment il fust tenu de garder l'vtilite du Royaume de France, ayant la volonte diminuer les droicts de la Coronne de France, & vsurper le Domaine du Roy, l'acquerir, & applicquer à soy, & se eximer de la subiection, & obeissance en laquelle il est tenu, & par serment oblige au ••oy, & à la Coronne de France, auroit faucement, & entra∣hison, venant contre son serment, & commettant Crime de leze Maieste faict, ou faict faire conspirations, & auroit parle, ou faict parler aux Barons, ou Nobles dudict Pays, & leur auroit tenu, ou faict tenir propos de faire confederation, & ligue auec luy, pour autant qu'ils pouuoient cognoistre l Estat auquel estoit le Royaume de Prance, & par ce moyen auroit de Celuy qui seroit Roy tous les Priuileges, en si grand nombre qu'ils voudroient demander, & qu'entre autres Gentils hommes il auoit pacte, & fait remonstrance, ou faict faire auoict Regnaud de Pons d entrer auec luy en ladicte Ligue & Confederation. A quoy ledit Reg∣nauld de Pons cognoissant le grand preiudice, & dommage qui en pourroit venir à la Co∣ronne, & Royaume de France, de sa part comme bon & loyal Subiect ne se seroit voulu con∣sentir. Disoit encores ledict Regnaud, comme bon, & loyal, & pour le serment, & la foy en laquelle il seroit tenu vers nous, que ledict Comte auroit faict & dit, ou faict faire, & dire contre son propre serment les choses susdictes faucement, & en trahisen, commettant crime de leze Maieste, lequel Crime est de telle nature, que en Corps, & en Biens il doit estre puny; & encores qu'il fust decede, pourroit estre procede à la Confiscation de ses Biens. Disant outre que ledict Comte auroit faict, ou faict faire lesdictes choses, afin qu'il peust acquerir, & tirer à soy telle puissance que le Roy n'osast & ne peust contredire chose qu'il luy requist, & demandast; Requerant ledict Regnaud de Pons que ledict Comte fust pour les choses des∣susdictes deument puny s'il les confessoit estre veritables, & s'il les denioit, offroit ledict Regnaud le prouuer suffisamment contre ledict Comte par Gage de Combat, baillant, & offrant à nostre dicte Cour son dict Gage contre ledict Comte. De l'autre part à prop••se le∣dict Comte du Commenge pour ses deffences, & afin que ledict Gage de Combat ne fust

receu, & fust ledict Gage annulle, que ledict Regnaud n'estoit receuable en sadicte demande. Et premierement, pour ce que ledit Regnaud en proposant les choses cy deuant dictes, auoit confesse que ledict Comte auoit faict les Conspirations susdictes apres la Mort dudict Roy Louis nostre Souuerain Seign••ur, & les auoit celees iusques à present, & par ce moyen par ce qu'il estoit Homme Lige du Roy, & luy deuoit sa foy, & toutes fois auoit cele vn tel faict, il estoit periure, infidele, & infame & à ceste raison n'estoit ledict Regnauld habile à saire ladicte demande, & ne pouuoit accuser le dict Comte. Aussi a propose ledict Comte, qu'au∣tresoi•• ledict Regnauld l'auroit faict adiourner sur Gaige de Combat, & apres iceluy Reg∣nauld auroit impetre conge d accorder auecques ledict Comte, sans fa re aucune mention desdictes conspirations, & ainsi nous auro••t menty & failly de sa Foy, & consequemment estoit insame, & ne deu••it estre recen à Appeller ledict Comte. Requerant ledict Comte Droict luy estre faict, & rendu sur les••ictes choses. Et disant que si Droict estoit faict con∣tre luy, il n'estoit possible de respondre à la demande dudict Regnauld, par ce qu'il falloit dire esdictes Accusations, & declarer l' An, le Mois, & le Iour, lesquels on dit les Crimes auoir este commis, que ledict Regnauld a proposez en sa demande. Dauantage a propose ledict Comte, que ledit Regnauld auoit faict sa demande alternatiue, disant que ledict Comte au∣roit suppose, ou faist supposer le Part, et l'Enfant d'un Aultre: Et auroit tenu propos, ou faict tenir audict Regnaud de faire Ligue auec luy, & que telles demandes alternatiues ne vallent pour raison, & ne doiuent estre admises; & suppose qu'ell••s valluss••nt, tout••fois ne deuoit ledict Regnaud estre rec••u par voye de Gage de Combat, alleguant ledict Comte les raisons qui s'ensuiuent. Scauoir est que par les Ordonnances Royaux faictes sur les Duels, & Combats: Nul ne peut appeler Autruy à Combat: sinon que l' Appele, & Prouoque fust suspect des Cr••mes proposez contre luy; & que par Indices vrays semblables il apparust, & lon cogn••ust les Crimes auoir este saicts. Disoit ledict Comte qu'il estoit notoire qu'il n'a∣uoit iamais este suspect, ne diffame des Crimes proposez contre luy, & n'estoit vray-sem∣blable qu il eust commis telles choses, veu que tousiours il s'estoit bien, & fidelement, p••rte & faict deuoir enuers Nous, & Nos Predecesseurs Roys de France en leurs Conseils & Guerres; & auoit este, & estoit de bonne renomm••e. Semblablement a propose ledict Comte, que par l••sdictes Ordonnances, il faloit que les Crimes dont aucun estoit accuse, fussent tels que la Mort s'en deust ensuiuir, & que selon Droict, Raison, & Coustume les Crimes pro∣posez par ledict Regnaud contre ledict Comte ne sont tels, que d'iceux il se doiue ensuiure peine Capitale, suppose que lesdits Crimes fussent vrays; Parce que Crime de supposition de faux Part n'est tel, que, qui en soit conuaineu, doiue pour cela estre condamne a la Mort na∣turelle; & aussi que faire Conspiration, ou Ass••mblee a fin de demander libertez, ou fran∣chises telles que ledict R••gnaud a declare, n'est vn tel crime, que punition mortelle s'en doiue suiure, par ce que telles choses ne sont contre le Prince, ne contre la seurete de son Peuple, ne contre ses Membres comme sont les Conseillers Royaux. Disant ledict Comte que l'Intenti∣on & la Volonte de l'Appelant & Prouocquant, faisoit beaucoup à considerer, par ce qu'il pouuoit apparoir que ledict Regnaud estoit meu non par Iustice, ou autre cause, mais scule∣ment pour auoir ledict Vicomte de Turaine, & non pour autre raison. Parquoy disoit qu'il ne deuoit estre admis par la Voye du Combat. Disoit encores ledict Comte, que suppose, sans preiudice, que ledict Comte eust eu volonte de parler audict Regnaud, ou Autre, d'auoir tels Priuileges, ou franchises, comme dict est, ce n'est cause raisonnable par laquelle on puisse pro∣u••quer à Gage de Combat. Car combien que ledict Comte eust volonte de requerir lesdicts Priuileges, & franchises; Toutefois il estoit en la volonte, & au plaisir du Roy de les luy ••nceder; & ne vaudroit la volonte de les requerir, & n'auroit aucun effect, sinon que de l'Authorite du ••oy elles fussent concedees, & qu ain si clairement pouuoit apparoir qu'en la volonte de requerir Priuileges, & Immunitez n'eschet, & n'est deu Gage de Combat; Et que telle volonte, que ledict Comte n'auoit iamais eue, ainsi qu'il affirmoit, ne regarde, & ne touche cas de Crime, pour lequel il doiue y auoir Combat, mesmes à ce moyen que ledict Regnaud iuroit mis en auant, que de telle volonte, se seroit aucun mal ensuiuy. Et outre a dict ledict Comte, que par lesdictes Ordonnances il faut, que la faict soit tel que par Tes∣moins ne puisse est••e prouue: Mais que les faicts proposez par ledict Regnaud contre ledict Comte, peuuent estre verifiez par Tesmoins; parce que ledict Comte offroit faire preuue, que sa Fem••ne veritablement auoit este grosse, & auoit eu vne Fille, que ledict Regnaud mainti∣ent auoir este saucement supposee, prouueroit qu'il auoit tenu ladicte Fille pour sienne, & comme sienne l'auoit nourrie, & en son Testament instituee son Heritiere; & qu'en cas qu'il

peust prouuer lesdicts faicts, que ledict Gage de Combat deuoit cesser. Semblablement a dict que les Conspirations, & Assemblees mises en faict par ledict Regnaud contre ledict Comte, se pouuoient & se peuuent verifier, pour autant que Congregations presupposent multitude de Personnes; mesmement que ledict Regnaud en sa demande auroit expose que ledict Comte auoit dict paroles semblables à plusieurs Personnes, parquoy combien que cha∣cune desdictes Personnes en parlast par tesmoignage fingulier, toutefois seroit prouue•• suffisamment telle Conspiration, & Congregation: Et que pour ce, par Tesmoins en pouuoit estre faicte la preuue, & ne deuoit ledict Gage de Combat estre receu. Aussi auroit dict ledict Comte qu'il pouuoit faire clairement apparoir, que lesdictes choses par ledict Regnaud proposees, ne le touchoient aucunement, & n'en estoit charge, & que par Haine, ou Enuie ledict Regnaud auoit prouocque ledict Comte au Combat, & que suppose que ladicte Comtesse fust decedee sans Hoirs descendus de son Corps, ledict Vicomte de Turaine ne fust venu audict Regnaud, pour autant qu'il y auoit Seize au∣tres Personnes, & dauantage, qui feroient plus proches à ladicte Comtesse, lesquelles, & non ledict Regnaud, pourro••ent heriter audict Vicomte; Et de rechef propose par ledict Comte, que par lesdictes Ordondances Royaux, qu'il falloit que le Cas dont l'Accusateur accusoit fust aduenu euidemment; Mau qu'il n'apparroissoit point que les faits propo∣sez contre luy par ledict Regnaud, qu'au moyen desdictes Conspirations par luy reci∣tees, il s'en soit ensuiuy aucune fin, ou effect. Alleguant ledict Regnaud plufieurs au∣tres raisons aux fins ausquelles il tendoit; Et disant en ce que touchoit lesdictes Con∣spirations, & Confederations que comme bon, & loyal vers son Seigneur, il' les auroit reuelees à nostre Tres-cher Sieur, & Cousin le Roy Philippes; Repliquant encores le∣dict Regnaud plusieurs autres raisons. Et ledict Comte au Contraire, Requerant que sur ses raisons, & deffences droict luy fust faict, & rendu par nostredicte Cour, & sans se departir d'icelles a offert ledict Comte se deffendre competamment, sur lesdictes choses proposees par ledict Regnaud à l'en contre de luy par le Gage de Combat, qu'il a baille à nostredicte Cour, contre ledict Regnaud, sauf lesdictes raisons, & d••ffences pro∣posees, & alleguees, sur lesquelles, auant toute autre chose demandoit ledict Comte luy e∣estrè faict droict. Lesdictes Parties diligemment ouyes en nostre Cour, sur les choses des∣susdictes, & autres que d'vne part, & d'autres ils ont voulu dire, & proposer, Et ve∣ues lesdictes Ordonnances Royaux, par ledict Comte alleguees ne faisants aucune men∣tion de Crime de leze Maieste, & considerees, & examinees toutes choses susdictes, & autres qui pouuoient, & deuoient mouuoir nostredicte Cour, eue sur icelles diligen∣te, & meure deliberation. Par Arrest de nostredicte Cour a este'dict que ledict Regnaud estoit ha••ile à proposer contre ledict Comte les choses oy deuant dictes, & que a la demande par ledit Regnaud proposee contre ledict le Comte, se pouuoit, & de∣uoit respondre. Et quant à ladicte fauce Supposition de Part, & autres choses qui concernent icelle sculement, proposees par ledict Regnaud, contre ledict Comte, par le dict Arrest a este dict, que ledict Regnaud sur ce qui touche ladicte fauce Suppositi∣on, ne seroit receu pour Gage de Combat, & a nostredicte Cour, quant à cela seule∣ment, annulle ledict Gage. Et quant aux autres choses par ledict Regnaud proposees à l'encontre dudict Comte, concernant le Crime de leze Maieste, nostredicte Cour par sondict Arrest a receu ledict Gage de Combat, & iceux Gages adiugez, nonobstant choses proposees, & alleguees sur ce faict par ledict Comte. En tesmoin, &c. Donne a a Paris en nostre Parlement, le Vingt & vniesme Iour de Ianuier, l'An de grace Mille trois Cents Vingthuict.

Signe Gien.

The Decree of the Court of Parliament at Paris, concerning the Gage of Battaile, for the Castell and Vicountie of Touraine.

PHillip, by the Grace of God, King of France; To all such as shall see and read these pre∣sent Letters, Greeting. We make knowne, that appearing at our Court of Parliament in Paris, Regnaud de Pons, Knight, on the one part, and Bernard, Count of Commenge.

••n the other part. The said Knight propounded, that long time since, was moued question and discord, betweene Geoffrey de Pons, Knight, formerly Father to the said Regnaud, and to whom the said Regnaud is Sonne, and vniuersall Heire alone, and in his goods on the one part: And Margaret, sometime Countesse of Commenge, on the other part; by rea∣son of the Castell and Vicountie of Touraine, which Castell and Vicountie of Touraine, each of the said Geoffrey and Countesse said to belong to them.

Notwithstanding, the said Count Bernard, full of bad meaning, and bringing the same to effect falsely and maliciously; onely to frustrate the said Regnaud of the said Vi∣countie, which ought to belong to him after the decease of his said Father: considering, that after the death of the said Countesse (who is deceased without Heires descending of her body, for she neuer had bin great with childe, neither euer had any children) he had not any couller to retaine or possesse the said Vicountie, which appertained to the said Reg∣naud. But had supposed, and made to be supposed a false Birth, maliciously and fraudu∣lently, the said Countesse being in such estate, as she could not shunne death, and was (in∣deede) dead. Yet the said Count had published, or caused to be published, that the said Birth was of the said Countesse, albeit he had falsely supposed it, and that the said Countesse ne∣uer had any childe. Which Birth so falsely supposed, was within three dayes after the death of the said Countess••: By Enchantment vanished out of the place, and made to goe away as it came; at least, the manner of the departing could not be knowne, and then (by fiction) it was said to be deceased.

The said Regnaud said further, that the said Count had made, or secretly caused to be made, the said false supposition, and by one person onely (it might be) was made that suppo∣sition. Moreouer he propounded against the said Count, as a matter most notorious and well knowne, that the said Count was held and obliged, by reason of his said Countie, by Oath of Fidelitie and of Homage, to the King, Kingdome, and Crowne of France, and that after the death of our late most deare Lord and Cousine King Lewes (Hutin) our most deare Lady the Queene Clemencia, was then left great with childe. And from that time, the said Count premeditating, that on the Rule and Gouernment of the Kingdome of France, he might moue dissention betweene our most deare Lords and Cousines, Phillip le Long, and Charles le Bel, Bretheren, soone after Kings of France, or others, because the Realme was then left without a King: Foreseeing also, that if the said Queene Clemencia should haue a Daughter, question and quarrell might arise, for creation of the King, or who should be the King. But if she should haue a Sonne; debate would then be moued, about the Gouerne∣ment of him: in regard of the common Prouerbe, whereby is vsually said; That in troubled Waters is alwayes the best Fishing.

And although he stood bound by his Oathe, to preserue the vtilitie and benefit of France: yet, hauing a will and desire, to diminish the Rights of the Crowne of France, and to vsurpe the Demeanes of the King; he got and applied them to himselfe, casting off the subiection and obedience, whereto he stood bound by his Oathe sworne to the King, and to the Crowne of France. For he had falsely, and by way of Treason gon against his Gathe, and commit∣ted an act of High Treason: causing to be held diuers conspiracies, and had talked, and cau∣sed talke to be held, with Barons and Noblemen of the said Countrey, their talke and con∣ference tending, to the making of a confederacie and League with him, whereby they might attaine to know, to whom the Crowne of France should come. By which meanes, of him that should be King, they would obtaine all Priuiledges, to so great a number as they would request.

Among other Gentlemen, with whom he had thus dealt and compacted; he had made meanes to him the said Regnaud de Pons, to enter with him and them into this League and confederacie: Whereto the said Regnaud de Pons, knowing the great damage and detriment, that thereby might come to the Crowne and Kingdome of France (being for his owne part a good and loyall Subiect) by no meanes would yeelde consent. And beside, the said Regnaud saith, as a good and loyall Subiect, and auoucheth by the Oathe and Faith wherein he standeth bounden to vs: that the said Count made and spake, and caused to be made and spoken (contrary to his Faith and Oathe) all the matters before alleadged, falsely, traiterously, and in the act of High-Treason: which offence is of such nature, that in body and goods he ought to be punished: And although he were dead, yet Law might proceede to the confiscation of his goods.

Moreouer he maintained, that the said Count had done, and caused the said things to be done, to the end, that he might draw and procure to himselfe such power, as the King should not dare to gaine say, or contradict whatsoeuer he did request or demand. Where∣upon the said Regnaud de Pons required, that the said Count might for these offen∣ces be duely punished, if he confessed them to be true: but if he denied them, the said Reg∣naud offred to proue them sufficiently against the Count, by Gage of Battaile, offring and giu∣ing to our Court his said Gage against the Count.

On the other side, the said Count of Commenge presented himselfe, and stood vpon his defences, and in regard that the Gage of Combat was not receiued, but rather vtterly to be disannulled; therefore the said Regnaud was not receiueable in his demand. And first of all, because he confessed, that the Count had made the foresaid conspiracies, af∣ter the death of the said King Lewes our Soueraigne Lord, and had concealed them to this present: in which respect, he being a Liedge man to the King, owing him faith and fealtie, was (neuerthelesse) periured, faithlesse and infamous, in the concealing of such a fact, and so (by iust reason) Regnaud disabled of making any such demand, and therefore could not accuse the Count.

Further the Count propounded, that Regnaud had formerly cited and summoned him, vpon Gage of Combat, and yet (afterward) the same Regnaud had entreated leaue, to make agreement with the Count, without making any mention of the said conspiracies, and so to vs He had lied, and failed in his faith, and consequently, was infamous, and not to be accepted to Appeale the Count; the said Count requesting right to be done him in this case, which being granted to him; he ought not to answere the demands of Regnaud, because he should haue set downe in his Accusations, The yeare, the Moneth, and the Day, whereon these crimes had bin committed, and them he should haue propounded in his de∣maund.

Moreouer the Count alleadged, that Regnaud had made his demand alternatiuely, say∣ing, that the Count had imagined, or caused to be imagined The Birth, and the Infant of another, and had held conference, or caused it to be held with the said Regnaud, of mak∣ing a League with him: when such alternatiue demands auaile not for reason, neither ought to be admitted. But suppose that they were valuable, yet notwithstanding, Reg∣naud ought not to be accepted by way of Gage of Combat; whereupon the Count alleadged these reasons following.

That by the Royall Ordenances made, concerning Duelloes and Combats, no man ought appeale another man to the Combat: except the appealed and prouoked were suspected of the crimes proposed against him, and that by very likely indices it appeared, and the crimes were knowne to haue bin committed. The Count alleadged it as a matter notori∣ous, and very manifestly knowne, that he had neuer bin suspected, nor defamed with any such crimes as were proposed against him, neither could it be likely, that he had committed any such things: in regard hee had bin alwayes honest, and carri∣ed him selfe faithfully, in discharging his duetie to vs, and to our Predecessours, Kings of France, in their Councels and Warres, and had bin, and still was of good fame.

In like manner the Count propounded, that by the fore-recited Ordenances, the crimes wherewith anyone was to be accused, must be such, as death ought to ensue thereon. But ac∣cording to right, reason and custome, the crimes proposed by Regnaud against the Count, were not any such, as by them any capitall paine ought to follow, suppose that the said crimes were true. For, admit the crime of supposing a false Birth, yet it is not such, that (being conuinced thereof) a man should thereby be condemned to a naturall death. And likewise in making a meeting and conspiracie, to the end of demanding liberties and franchises, such as Regnaud had declared; yet is it not any such crime, that punishment of death should ensue thereon, because they are not done against the Prince, nor against the safetie of his people, nor against his members, such as are his Royall Councellours.

Moreouer the Count affirmed, that in such occasions as these, the intent and will of the Appellant or Prouokant ought to be well considered. Because it might easily appeare, that Regnaud was not hereto moued by Iustice, or any other cause: but onely to haue the Vicoun∣tie of Touraine, and not for any other reason, and therefore he ought not to be admitted by way of Combat. And let it be supposed (without preiudice) that the Count had a

will to conferre with Regnaud and others, to haue such Priuiledges and Franchises, as hath bin said: yet were it no reasonable case, that he should therefore be prouoked to the Gage of Combat. For, although he was willing to request those Priuiledges and Fran∣chises: yet notwithstanding, it remained in the will and pleasure of the King to grant them; for the will to request is of no worth, or can sort to any effect; except the authority of the King be thereto consenting, Whereby plainely appeareth, that the will of requesting priuiledges and immunities, falleth not to the Gage of Combat. But such a will as the Count had, according as himselfe affirmed, aimed not at any such case of crime, whereby the Com∣bat should be granted: especially in such sort as Regnaud had auouched; but rather such a will, as no harme could haue followed thereon.

And moreouer the Count added, that by the course of those Ordenances it was appointed, that the case must be such, as not to be approued by Witnesses: but the facts propounded by the said Regnaud against the Count, might be verified by Witnesses. For the Count offe∣red to make proofe, that his wife was truely great with childe, and had a Daughter, which Regnaud maintained to be falsely imagined: yet would he approue the Daughter to be hers, as hers it had bin nourished, and instituted by her will to be her heire, which cases being sufficiently to be proued, the Gage of Combat ought to cease. Likewise he said, that the assemblies and conspiracies alleadged by Regnaud against the Count, might lawfully iustifie themselues; because congregat••ons doe presuppose a multitude of persons, because Regnaud had exposed in his demand, that the Count had spoken the same words to many persons, whereby, though each of those persons might speake as a singular Witnesse, yet not∣withstanding, it would sufficiently approue such a congregation and conspiracie, which be∣ing by witnesses sufficiently to be proued, the Gage for Combat ought not therefore to be ac∣cepted.

Furthermore the Count auouched, that he could make it euidently appeare, that the mat∣ters propounded by Regnaud, did no way touch him, or was to be laid to his charge, but onely in hatred and mallice, Regnaud had prouoked the Count to the Combat. And let it be supposed, that the Countesse was deceased, without any heires descended of her body: yet the Vicountie of Touraine could not come to Regnaud, because there were sixeteene other persons and more, who were neerer heires to the Countesse, then Regnaud was or could be. Hereunto the Count added, how, by the Royall Ordenances, the Case wherewith an accuser charged another man, ought to haue happened euidently: but it no way appeared, that the facts proposed against him by Regnaud, concerning the conspiracies imputed, that thereon had followed any end or effect.

Many other reasons were alleadged by the said Regnaud, and to what end they tended, adding withall, that concerning the confederacies and conspiracies; as a good and loyall Sub∣iect to his Lord, he had reuealed them to our most deare Lord and Cousine King Phillip, who receiued of him many other matters beside. As the Count did the like on the contrary side, requesting, that vpon the defences and answers by him made; Iustice might be rendred and done vnto him by our said Court, and before his departure thence, he offred to defend himselfe competently, vpon the matters proposed by the said Regnaud against him, by the Gage of Battaile: which he gaue to our Court against Regnaud; those reasons and defences by him propounded and alleadged, alwaies reserued, wherein (before any thing else) the Count required to haue right done him.

Both the said Parties being diligently heard in our Court, vpon the cases before named, and what either side could say or propose: the Royall Ordenances perused ouer, which were alleadged by the Count, without making any mention of the offence of High-Treason, all things being duely and considerately examined, with whatsoeuer else could be moued to the Court, vpon mature and diligent deliberation: By Decree of our said Court it was said, that Regnaud was able to propound against the Count the things before said, and that to the demands by Regnaud against the Count, hee might and ought to make answere. And concerning the supposition of a false Birth, and other things touching the same onely, propounded by Regnaud against the Count: by Decree of the same Court; it was said, that Regnaud (in the case concerning that false suppositi∣on onely) should not receiue the Gage of Combat from our Court, that case onely admitted no Gage. And for the other matters proposed by Regnaud against the Count, concerning the crime of High-Treason: our Court, by the same Decree, receiued

the Gage of Combat, and the Gages were adiudged, notwithstanding the cases alleadged and propounded by the Count.

In Witnesse, &c. Giuen at Paris in our Parliament, the One and twentieth day of Ia∣nuarie, in the yeare of Grace One thousand three hundred twentie and eight.

Signed Gien.

This Decree is very remarkeable. By the Ordenance of King Phillip le Bel, there is no mention made but of the fourth Case,* 6.1 wherein the Gage of Combat is per∣mitted. There is nothing spoken, concerning the Supposition of a Birth, which must and ought to be proued and verified by witnesses. Hereupon it was that the Court (out of their wonted and approued wisdome) would not admit the Gage of Combat. But concerning the crime of high Treason, the proiects whereof are wrought by subtile and cunning meanes, and that the Lord of Pons, he alone might haue had communication of the Conspiracie with the Count of Commenge: the Court adiudged the Gage of Battaile, as an order for following times, that in the case of Treason, periurie, and breach of Faith against the Soueraigne, the Gage of Combat is not to be refused or denied.

Count Bernard Portoit de Commenge, qui est de Gueulles, à quatre Otelles, ou Amandes pelee, d'Argent en Saultoir.

And for Regnaud, Lord of Pons: Il portoit d'Argent, à la Face, Bandee d'Or, & de Gueulles de six Pieces.

There are memorable Arrests and Decrees, both before and after this, concer∣ning Gages of Combat, which in France they then called Placitum Ensis, The Plea of the Sword.* 6.2 Wherein they are deceiued, that haue written concerning the Countie of Eu, a Peeredome of France, that the said Countie should appeale in suite to the Parliament of Normandie, because they say, that in the said Countie of Eu, there was (sometimes) Plea of the Sword, where was neuer practised, but onely in the Prouince of Normandie. Among the most memorable decrees, is this, set downe in La∣tine, but by me turned into French, for the ease of them that doe not vnderstand Latine.

Another notable Decree, concerning the Gage of Battaile or Combat.

A Certaine cause had bin attempted in suite, before the Seneschall of Tolossa, and by Appeale in our Court of Parliament, where Estouleau de Rouchefort, Esquire, did propound that Raymond de Buada,* 6.3 Knight, was assigned a certaine day, by meanes of kinde friends to both the Parties: to the end, that a louing agreement might be made, in a matter of difference depending betweene them, vpon which day it was concluded, that they should meete there without any Armes. Neuerthelesse, Buada had by treason concluded, that twenty men should be armed in his House, to the intent of murdring the said Estouleau and his vnarmed companie, shut vp in the Church of the place appointed for the meeting. And wickedly and proditoriously, the said Buada had procured a man to be slaine, named William de Bonibot, one of the others houshold seruants, cloathed with his Liuerie, and had prepared diuers am∣bushes, to surprize him at his best aduantage. All which he offered to approue, by his Body against the Body of Buada, and thereupon threw downe his Gage of Bat∣taile.

On the Knights part was propounded the contrarie, who offred to purge and cleare his innocencie, in the same manner by the Gage of Combat. Vpon both these offers, we caused an Enquest to be impannelled, to vnderstand, if in such cases thus propounded, there might be desert of Gage of Battaile, according to the Roy∣all Ordenances of our Predecessours. The enquirie hauing bin dilligently made by command of the Court; it was found, that this William (whom Estouleau had intended to be slaine, was liuing in good health, and that by confession of the said Estauleau, Buada was innocent. And that it was he himselfe with his company,

that came Armed at the day and Rendeuous agreed on by the Parties, and that Bua∣da, with all them of his company, were come thither without any Armes: whereby Estouleau was cast in Law, hauing prouided so many Ambushes, to betray and intrap the life of the partie accused.

The Enquest hauing bin thus carefully made, and considered on by the said Court: Iudgement was publiquely pronounced and giuen,* 6.4 that Buada was innocent of the crimes imposed vpon him, and that Estouleau had rashly and vnaduisedly throwne downe his Gage of Combat, for which the Court could not finde place or allow∣ance. But condemned him to pay to Buada, for his dammages, interests, costs and expences, whereat he had bin in prosecution of Iustice, as well before the Senes∣chall of Tolossa, as in the said Court of Parliament. Which interests and expen∣ces were taxed to the summe of fiue hundred Pounds Tournois, for paiment where∣of, Estouleau was to be committed to Prison in the Chastelet at Paris, or any other Prison where Buada would appoint. Inter Inquestus & Processus. Iudged by the Court of Parliament, in the Octaues of our Lords Natiuitie, the yeare of Grace, One thou∣sand three hundred and eight.

I haue seene the Armes of Buada in Gascoignie, which were De Synople, a Trois pieds de Grisson d' Argent, deux en Chef, & vne en Poincte.

And as for them belonging to Rochefort, there are many appearing at the Parlia∣ment of Tolossa, but indeede their Armes are diuers.

Another Decree Registred in Latine, betweene William de Bois-Boisseau, and Iohn Ioguet de Plennendrin, Esquire, and Complainant to the Court,* 6.5 because a quarrel be∣ing moued betweene them, they had iniured one another, and vpon those iniuries; the Seculer Iudge to the Bishop of Saint Brieu had ordained, that these Squires should determine the cause by Gage of Combat. Contradicting directly the Orde∣nance of King Phillip le Bel (who then reigned) made for the Gages of Battaile, and published throughout all the Prouinces of the Kingdome. For assurance of this Gage of Battaile, the Bishop of Saint Brieu had possessed himselfe of the Armes, Horses and Goods of the Complainants, and kept them till such time as (by a Seriant Royall) he was commanded to deliuer them, vpon good and sufficient Caution.

The Enquest considering on this matter, referring it to the Court to be iudged, and the Parties heard: It was said, that the Bishop of Saint Brieu had adiudged the Gage of Battaile, against the Ordenance of the King;* 6.6 whereby his proceedings were frustrated, and disannulled. He was commanded to redeliuer the Armes, Hor∣ses and Goods to the Complainants, and their Cautions discharged. Beside, the Bishop was condemned in a fine to the King, and appointed to appeare in person, at the Parliament on the first Friday, being fifteene dayes after Pentecoast. Iudged in the Parliament, in the Octaues des Brandons, at Paris, the yeare of Grace One thou∣sand three hundred and eleauen, &c.

In matter and case of iniuries, no Gage of Battaile is to be admitted.

Another Decree Registred in Latine, betweene Daniel de Blide, Knight, De∣mander on the one side, and Guy de Grignan, Knight, on the other side. Because the said Daniel alleadged, that Guy was a Thiefe and periured Traitour,* 6.7 against Lewes, Count of Flanders and Henault, his Liedge Lord, which he offered to ap∣proue against the same Guy, by Gage of Battaile, and which he threw into the Court. Guy made answere in his owne defence, and auouched to declare by Gage of Battaile (which he also offred to the Court) of that he was an honest man, his cause being equally and iudicially heard; maintaining constantly, that no Gage of Battaile could be granted against him. The Parties being heard, and the Case deli∣uered according to Law: Daniel proposed against Knight Guye, that he was a Liedge-man, an Houshold Seruant, and Chamberlaine to the Count of Flanders, whom he had robbed of great goods and wealth: Hauing likewise committed di∣uers Sorceries and wicked acts of Witchcraft, to hinder the Count his Maister, from hauing familiar acquaintance with his Wife the Countesse, neither could haue it. Whereupon Daniel required, that Guy might be punished, if he did auouch and con∣fesse the crimes imposed on him: but if he denied them, he offred to the Court his Gage of Battaile, to maintaine it Body to Body.

Against this demand, Guy defended, that before Daniel had accused him of these crimes, he deliuered sufficient clearing of this case, by Parties appointed according to Law: and therefore persisted still in his proofe, that there was no place for Gage of Battaile,* 6.8 neither was Daniel receiueable in his new demand, already ordered and ruled in the Court. So the Court by deliberate determination gaue iudgement, that the Gages of Battaile were nothing worth, offered by the said Daniel and Guy.

Pronounced the seauenth day of May, One thousand three hundred twentie and sixe.

Sorcerie ought to approue it selfe by Witnesses, and not by Indices. And as for Theft, it is the same; neither of the crimes admitting Gage of Battaile, according to the Ordenance of Duelloes, which hath bin formerly related.

Another Decree in French Registred, the Court adiudging the Gage of Battaile, without telling the cause, which carried these tearmes.

* 6.9In the cause of Gage of Combat, Durfort moued in the Court, betweene Arna••d de Montaigue Appellant on the one part, and Emery de Durfort, Appealed and pro∣uoked on the other. The Court by Decree receiued and admitted the Gages giuen by the said Parties, and to them adiudged the Gages.

Done in Parliament fift the day of May, One thousand three hundred and thirtie.

The said Montaigu Portoit de Gueulles à Trois Testes de Leopards arrachees d'Or, Deux en Chef, & vne en Po••e.

And the said Durfort de Gueulles à vne Bande & Bordure d'Or.

Another Decree Registred in Latine, betweene Vidale de Ville neufue, Esquire, Demander and Complainant before the Seneschall of Tolossa,* 6.10 against Iohn d' Asper∣raut, Esquire, for the death of his Vnckle, Olricke de Langlade, whom he auouched to haue bin slaine and murdred by the said Appellant, and for proofe thereof, de∣manded Gage of Battaile. The Defendant maintaining the contrary, the Sene••chall said, that there was place for Gage of Battaile, for which he was Appealed. Vpon hearing the parties, the Court affirmed, that the case had bin ill iudged by the Se∣neschall of Tolossa, or his Lieutenant: who should haue called the Appellant to mends making, because there was no place or reason for Gage of Battaile. This De∣cree was Registred in the Court of Parliament, in the Octaues of our Sauiours N••∣tiuitie, One thousand three hundred thirtie and eight.

* 6.11It would rise to an huge Volume, if I should obserue all the Decrees giuen vpon Gage of Battaile: wherefore we will rest satisfied, with the report of these few in di∣uers occasions, according as they were offred and demanded: Which doe clearely iustifie, that in matter of Combat, in what place soeuer of France the Parties doe dwell: the Court of Parliament at Paris, it onely taketh knowledge thereof, with∣out any other permission, for fighting in the Duell or Combat.

The Lord of Belay, in the first and eight Bookes of his Memories, maketh mention of a Duell performed in Limosin, by the Barons of Mye, and of Lostanges, against the Lord of Peschell, aged threescore and ten yeares, and full of the Gout, and his Son Pasaiat,* 6.12 Baron of Gimell, and Viscount de Chastillon, who were Conquerours, M••e and Lostanges being slaine in the Field. But because he relateth not, whether the Duell was done by Decree of the Court, or of the King; I forbeare to speake of the perticularities, wherewith I was made acquainted at Bourdeaux.

I let slip also vnder silence (because the discourse is too common and vulgar) the last Combat, fought in the time of our Fathers at Saint Germaine in Laye, the tenth day of Iuly, One thousand fiue hundred fortie and seauen, before King Henry the second,* 6.13 and by his permission: Betweene Guy Chabot, Lord of Iarnac, and Frances de Viuonne, Lord of Chastaigneraye, Gentlemen of the Countrie of Angou∣mois; whose Armes are obserued at the Title of Knights of the Order of the Holy-Ghost.

Of Duelloes and Combates, in what manner they were ordered and managed among the Germaines.

The Allemaignes or Germaines, by example, and in imitation of the French, had places, Townes and Citties,* 6.14 destinated likewise for their Duelloes and Combates perfourmed at the Sharpe and vtmost extremity of life (as al∣so for their ••ousts and Tourneyes, whereon, by Gods assistance, we will discourse in the Tracte next following.) As namely the Townes and Citties of W••t••bourg, in Orientall France, Onospach, in the Burggrauiat of Nuremberg: And of Hallessen in Saxonie.

Before the Senates of which places, such Noble men, as pretended their offences;* 6.15 presented themselues, and demaunded to haue Combate in an enclosed Field. The forme of Answere, made by the Senate to such a motion and demaund, caried these tearmes.

We haue receiued your Letters, and are very sorie to see, that your harts are so moued with rancour and hatred, as it seemeth you beare to one another. In which regard,* 6.16 we pray••, that ••ou would desist from Combate, if it may be; and that you would end your Quarrels by the way of mildenesse and gentlenesse, without the aduenturing of ••ndy s••ro•• and without shedding humaine bloud. Consent to our request, and so much the ra∣ther; because we entreate you thereto most instantly.

If they perseuered in their spleene, continuing still in claiming Combate, and the Field for Battayle: the Senate then vsed this forme of Iudgement.

Seeing that you stall per sit in your hatred and challenge, and that the way of gentlenesse,* 6.17 can t••k•• no course of kindnesse betweene you: Wee doe order and appoynt, that you shall ap∣peare in such a day before vs, to heare the ground and subiect of your Quarrell, wherein we mean•• to doe you Iustice.

At the day assigned, the Parties being hard, and no meanes might preuaile, to end the difference betwe••ne them louingly: the Senate then appointed them a certaine,* 6.18 day for mee••ing together, and graunting them the Field of Battayle, taking the fu∣ture Combatants into the protection and safeguard of the Senate.

The Parties be••ng come to the Rendezvous, or place appointed; the Senate caused them to take the Oaths, as in such cases is accustomed and required; the one not to bring with him any greater traine of attendants, then the other, conformable to the auncient Statutes of Combates, established by the Senate.

Soone after, in the great Market place, or some other found out to be more com∣modious, is the Field for Combate ordained: which they engirt with Batres or Lis••es, and couer it with Sand all ouer.

For the two Combatants are erected two Tents or Pauillions, capable of recei∣uing the men and their traine. In each of them is placed a Biere and Coffin,* 6.19 Foure Candl••sticks and Foure Tapers lighted, a Crosse, and Hearse Cloth for the dead, with all things else, fitting for Obsequies and Funerall of the dead. And each of them hath a Priest to be his Confessour, who commeth thither by the Parties owne appointment, with his Godfathers and Councell.

Like Armes (without any difference) are giuen them to fight and defend them∣selues withall, as well on Horseback, as on Foote: such as the Parties had agreed on,* 6.20 and were specified at the time of requiring the Combate.

The Herauld or King of Armes (on behalfe of the Senate) publisheth by Procla∣m•• 〈◊〉〈◊〉 prohibitions to all there present, for crying, speaking, coughing,* 6.21 spetting or m••ing any signe to either of the Combatants: on payne to haue their right hand and left foot cut off, by the Maister of the high workes, that is the Hangman.

Afterward, the Citty Gates are fast lockt vp, the streets Chayned, and the Barres o•• 〈◊〉〈◊〉 ••ound enclosed.

Th•• Combatants are brought before the Iudges of the Field,* 6.22 appointed by the Senate, with their Confessors and Godfathers, where they sweare the accustomed

Oaths of not hauing or wearing about them, either Hearbes, Charmes or any Car∣racters. The Herauld proclaimeth three time: To let the Valiant Combattants goe for the perfourmance of their duty. The Party Victorious winneth the Honour of the Combate,* 6.23 and the Vanquished Party remaineth infamous all the rest of his life time afterward: being neuer suffered to mount any more on Horsebacke, to carry Armes, or to be present in any publique assembly, but to haue his Beard close shauen. In briefe, he is published to be a Peazant, incapable and vnworthy, to be any more im∣ployed in Charges and Offices.

If he bee slaine in the Field: hee shall haue Honorable buriall; and his death can∣not be preiudiciall to them, that are of his descent and Family.

The Third Tracte discourseth on Iusts, Tourneys and Tournaments: their Originall and Continuance from time to time. CHAP. V.

SOme Authours haue written, that the inuention of Iousts and Tourneyes came out of Allemaigne or Germanie, and that they began in the time of Henry,* 6.24 Sirnamed the Birder, Duke of Sax∣onie and Emperour, First of the name: which is a populare er∣rour, not hauing any subsistance, but only grounded on a meere false opinion and beleefe.

The Histories of Germanie doe report, that at returne from the voyage, which the same Emperour made into Hungarie a∣gainst the Hunnes, who rauaged and spoyled the frontiers thereof; he sought the meanes, to moulde and harten the Germaines mindes, in matters of Military Disci∣pline, and how to manage well a Horse for future seruices. Which vertuous and notable kinde of instruction, he propounded to such Lords and Princes of Germanie, as were vnder his obedience, for making themselues apte and ready to Iousts and Tourneyes.* 6.25 But this seemed a harshe, vnpleasing and impossible proposition, yea, it exceeded the apprehension of the greatest men in his Court: because such Military kindes of exercises, had neuer bin seene, knowne, nor practised in Germanie.

And because this was the ordenarie exercise of the French and English: Decreuit idem Imperator gratificaturus Hospitibus suis Morem Germanis adeum diem insoli∣tum, sed nobilitati Galliae, Britanniaeque vsi••atum inducere, solemnibus Legibus Equestri decursione certandi; inuitatis ad hoc ad certum Diem, per Edictum, Vicinis, Eternisque Principibus, Comiti••us, Nobilibus, qui de Virtute propriâ tantum confiderent, vt in conspectu honoratissimo, alienam periclitari non pertimescerent.

The same Emperour decreed, to bring in a Custome of running at the Tilt by solemne or∣dynances, at that time vnknowne to the Germaines, but vsuall with the Nobility of France and England, inuiting thereunto (by Proclamation at a certaine day) those Princes, Earles, and Nobles both far and neere, who did so much stand vpon their owne valour, that they feared not in a most Honorable Assembly, to make triall of other mens.

* 6.26So speaketh Franciscus Modius of Bruges, in his Pandectes Triomphales, a Booke of singular good reading: Printed in Folio a Francford on the Moein, by Sigismond Fey∣rabeno, in Anno One thousand, fiue hundred, fourescore and sixe.

For obtayning then a knowledge and light, in the Lawes and Ceremonies of these Noble Exercises: he attayned thereto by a Secretary of his commaundes, na∣med Phillip, who had long time trauayled into farre distant Countreyes and Pro∣uinces, and namely into the Kingdomes of France and England, where he had often times seene Running at the Ring by Noblemen,* 6.27 who were very skilfull in the first Exercise, of ryding and managing a Horse: And likewise Combatting at the Bar∣riers,

with the other braue exercises of Tilting, Iousts and Tourneyes.

Vpon his relation made to the Emperour, he gaue charge to the Palatine of the Rhine, the Duke of Bauaria,* 6.28 and the Duke of Franconia (with whom he ioyned as an Assistant, Phillip the Secretary of his Commaunds) to set downe in writing such Ar∣ticles, as were necessary for the establishing of so Noble an Exercise, and according as they were practised in the Kingdomes of England and France. Vpon their often meetings together, these Articles following were agreed on, and deliuered to Henry the B••rder, and afterward published openly in his Court.

The Articles agreed on, by the Commis∣sioners, concerning the most Noble Exercises of Tilting, Iousts and Tourneyes.

I. FIrst, that in following time, a Custome should be obserued and kept in Ger∣manie, and the Countreyes thereto belonging,* 6.29 from Three yeares to Three yeares, (at the least) to celebrate Iousts and Tourneyes for exercise, and to know the Nobility resorting to them. That all Princes, Lords, Barons, and Gentlemen of Noble extraction, being well Armed and Honourably accoustred, should be wel∣come to them. From these Tourneyes were to be excluded, all such as could be de∣tected of blaspheming the Great and Sacred name of God, the most Holy Trinity, and Christian Catholique Religion. If any such persons, (standing vpon the No∣bility of their extraction) durst be so bold, as to present themselues in this Assem∣bly: We ordaine, Will, and it is Our pleasure; that they shall be dismounted, and depriued of their Horses and Launces. And, as a noate of infamy for euer after, so long as the Tourney shall endure: such a one must ride vpon the Barres or Rayles, as a man exposed to the scorne of the whole Assembly.

II. Whatsoeuer person of the Nobility, that shall (aduisedly and wilfully) speake euill of the Emperours person blame or contemne his Ordenances and Commandes,* 6.30 and resist against them in deed or word: he shall bee ignominiously expulsed from the Tourney, loose his Horse, and ride the Rayles.

III. Any man of the Nobility, that shall outrage or abuse (by word or deed) the honor of a Wife, Maide or Widdow,* 6.31 and shall possesse himselfe (by force and violence) of their goods and possessions, or shall giue ayde and helpe, to such as shall so wrong and abuse them: he shall loose his Horse, and ride the Rayles.

IIII. From these Tourneyes are likewise excluded, all Gentlemen attainted and conuinced of Crimes, either of Falshood, Periurie, or breach of faith.* 6.32 Whosoeuer being such an offender, shall dare to present himselfe within the Lists: it is the losse of his Horse, and riding the Rayles.

V. Whosoeuer hath betrayed his Lord, and by fraude or craft hath forsaken him, either in going, being there, or returning from Warre,* 6.33 or else hath perswaded his Lords seruants to doe so: Whosoeuer hath not assisted and defended his fel∣low-Cittizen, his Seruants or other persons, (that did put themselues into his safe∣gard and protection) from all iniustice and violence, but hath councelled and pro∣cured the contrary, and by feare and cowardise, by intelligence and wicked practise, left and forsooke them, when hee ought and might haue protected and defended him o•• them: For euer he is to be excluded from Iousts and Tourneys. But if hee dare presume to present himselfe at any; as a manifest noate of shame and infamie, he must loose his Horse, and ride the Rayles.

VI. Whosoeuer shall haue procured the death of his Wife,* 6.34 or practised and gi∣uen consent thereto. Whosoeuer also hath fauoured, giuen councell, or lodged the murderers of his Soueraigne Lord, either before, or after his death: Hee shall (to all perpetuity) stand banished from these Tourneys, with the losse of his Horse, and ri∣ding the Rayles in sted thereof.

VII. Whosoeuer hath perpetrated or committed Sacriledge, and despoyled sanctified places of their goods and riches: Or hath vsurped by force and violence,* 6.35 those belonging to Widdowes and Orphanes, without making restitution (vices

which ought to be reproued, and punished aboue any other, especially in a Gentle∣man of Honor) He is to be expulsed from these Iousts, after he hath lost his Horse, and ridden the Rayles.

VIII. Whosoeuer shall surprize his enemy by treason, either before hee hath challenged him,* 6.36 or after, and shall pursue him in any other sort, then as is allowed by the lawes of Warre; burning his Houses and Grandges, tearing vp his Vines and Corne, by meanes whereof, dearth of these fruits of the earth, may bring hurt and damage to the Common-Wealth: Whosoeuer also, either by himselfe, or some other by his intelligence, shall lye theeuishly lurking, and waiting on the high-wayes for him: Omnes hi, adempto equo, Septis pro eo, insidere cogantur.

IX. Whosoeuer shall oppresse his Subiects or Seruants, with nouell imposi••i∣ons,* 6.37 Taxes and Subsidies, either by Land or water (without the knowledge and per∣mission of his chiefe Soueraine Lord) for augmenting and encreasing his owne pr••∣uate demeanes: And whosoeuer in the lands and Marches vnder his Gouernemen••, shall impose any taxation vpon forraigne commodities, by meanes whereof, Stran∣gers shall be robbed and ill entreated, and Traffick and Commerce hindered: Cum infamiae nota, adempto, Septis imponatur.

X. Whosoeuer (being maried) shall be conuicted of Adultery: If he be a Wid∣dower, and shall maintaine a married Wife, a Religious Sister, or a deuout Woman: If he be shall be a Messenger to the Low-Countries of Women, or of deuoted Si∣sters,* 6.38 or Nunnes, or forcibly taketh them for his vse: Let him be banished for euer, from the Noble Assembly of Iousts and Tourneys, depriued of his Horse, and sent away in a Shirt of Maile, or set to ride on a Woodden Hobby-Horse.

XI. If any one of Noble Extraction, being not satisfied with such goods, as came to him by birth,* 6.39 Kinred and Inheritance, or otherwise wonne and conquered, or by Wadges and Pensions from his Prince; but shall make himselfe a Farmer of goods, fruites or commodities of any other, vnder borrowed names, because he dare not himselfe auouch it:: He is (for euer) to bee banished from this Noble Assembly of Iousts and Tourneyes. But if his bouldnesse maketh him to presume thither, and is seene there: Equo Multatus, Septa cogatur inscendere.

XII. If any man shall present himselfe at a Iousts and Tourneye, vnder shadow and pretence, that he hath bin ennabled by his Prince, and therefore presumeth to Marche equall,* 6.40 and as a Peere with them of Auncient Nobility, and cannot be iusti∣fied by his owne Birth in the Fourth degree, by the Fathers Stock, or by the Mo∣thers side at the least: Such a Gentleman of the first Edition: ought to be beaten with Roddes and Swiches, his Horse taken from him, and he to ride the Rayles.

Quisquis recentioris sit notae Nobilis, & non talis vt à stirpe Nobilitatem suam, & ori∣ginem quatuor saltem generis Auctorum Proximorum Gentilitiis Insignibus, probare pos∣sit. Is quoque Ludis his & Decursionibus Equestribus existo. Aut si Vnus, Plures u•• emendicatae huiusmodi Nobilitatis, cum ijs, quibus iuris est decurr••ndi, sese permiseuerint, Hi talis verberibus multentur, ex hastiludiorum consuetudine pri••entur, & vbi de Equo concurrerint, Septis, notae causa inequitare adigantur.

Whatsoeuer Nobleman being but of a late stampe, and not such a one, as can proue his No∣bility and beginning, from the first foundation (at least) by fower customary Armes of the last Aduancers of his pedigree: Let him also bee exempted from these pastimes and Tour∣naments. Or if one or more of this begged-kind of Nobility, shall sort themselues with those, to whom the right of Tilting appertaineth; let such bee punished with stripes, bee kept from frequenting these Tournaments, and whereas they should haue Iousted together ••n Horseback, let them be forced to ride vpon a Staffe, or the Railes, that they may be noted from the rest.

According to these Artices and Statutes, the first Assembly or meeting was re∣solued on,* 6.41 and appointed to be at Magdebourg, where the Lists and Barres for the Field were prepared; as well for Iousts at the Lance, man to man, and Running at the Ring, as the Barriers and Tournaments of Companies on Horseback. The Scaffoldes, (which our Romaines called Hourds) for the Emperour (defrayed at the cost of the Assembly) for the Princes and Princesses of the traine; for the Iudges of the Field, whom the Germaines named and called Kings of the Sportes; for the Se∣natours

and Bourgo-Maisters, of the place where the meeting was made, fairely hung with Tapistries, and adorned with the Armes of the Emperour, the Iudges of the Field, and the assigned Citty; with the place and Scaffold for the Kings Heraulds and Poursiuants of Armes, Trompets, Dromes and Fifes.

The day for perfourmance of these Iousts and Tournaments, was proclaimed by the King of Armes, or Herauld of the Prouince; and the place of the meeting,* 6.42 as well without as within the said Prouince: And said to be in the safegard, protection and defence of the Emperour, or of the Prince that caused the Assembly. With Prohibition vpon paine of death, to all Heretiques, euill members against the Faith, with all Theeues, Banished persons, and such as haue bin detected by Iustice, to come neere he Round by the space of Tenne miles.

Eight dayes before the beginning of the Iousts and Tournements, a generall Pro∣clamation was made, which we tearme A publique Crye;* 6.43 whereby was forbidden to any man, of what quality or degree soeuer he were; to commit any trespasse and offence (either by word or deed) vpon the penalty of paying twenty Markes of Money, which pecuniarie punishment was applicable to the Iudges of the Tourney: with the confiscation of Armes and Horses, which appertained to the King, He∣rauldes and Poursiuants of Armes.

No man was to outrage and defame the Honour of Ladies, Gentlewomen and their Daughters: vpon paine of imprisonment, and Arbitrary amends.

That no Gentleman should presume to the Tourney, or to run at the Ring: if he were not a Gentleman of three descents at the least, as well by the Fathers side, as the Mothers.

Euery, or any Gentleman of Noble extraction,* 6.44 presenting himselfe at the Tour∣ney; that had maried for couetousnesse, or delight in a Woman of meane conditi∣on: was to be switched with wands, like to a Peazant and villaine, despoyled of his Armes and adornements, his Horse and Furniture taken from him▪ and he to ride the Barres or Rayles, so long as the Assembly lasted. At the ending whereof, he was to be proclaimed by the King or Herauld of Armes, incapable and vnworthy (for euer after) to appeare among Noble men: his Children and descendants borne, and to be borne, so farre as to the third degree; to be declared as Boores and infa∣mous, excluded and prohibited from Noble Assemblies, vpon indicted pe∣nalties.

That all such as were receiued and admitted into the Assembly, stood bound,* 6.45 to confesse their sinnes to such Priests, as were appointed by the Bishop of the place: After they had presented their Helmets, Armes and deuises to the Iudges of the Assembly: who caused their Admission to be faithfully Registred, with their Names, Armes and Seigneuries; as also the furnishment or Equipage, and traine.

And to this effect, they which were admitted to be in the Tourney, stood likewise by Oathe obliged, to present themselues to the Iudges,* 6.46 and perticulerly to him of his Iurisdiction and Prouince: to the end, of being matriculated in the Register of Noblemen of the same Prouince, in the presence & conduct of the King of Armes, or Herauldes thereunto belonging. By whom hee must be forbidden, to furnish himselfe with any vnfitting Horse, which may offend such as are, or shall be neere him: vpon paine of loosing him, as also his Armes and other furnishments.

Forbidding bringing into the said Assembly, any Armes offensiue, but only the Club and Sword, custommably vsed by a man on Horseback Aptata sua Arma ha∣beat, vt Nemini nocere possint, aut extantibus acuminibus,* 6.47 praeacutisque extremitatibus quemquam laedere valeant. Talis etiam non alijs vtantur, quam Claua Equestri, & Gla∣dio. Let him haue his Armes so fitted and prepared, that they may not be hurtfull to them∣selues, or to any other of the by-standers, in any manner whatsoeuer. Let him vse also no other Weapons, then a Knights Battaile Axe or Club, and a Sword. They may vse a Lance with a blunted head, to Iouste each against other, that it may not be dangerous or harmefull to either: but not with a sharpened head. And for running at the Ring, the pointe must be rebated.

As for the equipage or furnishment for the day, it is to be prescribed by the Kings of the Tourney, in such manner as it ought to be.

* 6.48A Count may present himselfe there with fiue men on Horsebacke, himselfe mak∣ing the sixt man, but not to haue any more.

A Baron may haue foure Horses.

A Knight three: And

An Esquire with two.

Except they will entertaine and pay an ouer-plus of Men & Horses at their owne cost and expences: but not to be defrayed by the Prince, that occasioneth the mee∣ting, and by monies from the common Purse; excepting also the Nobilitie of such a Circle or compasse, at whose expences such an assembly is to be, and may be in like manner made.

* 6.49Such were the Satutes of these disportfull meetings, where Oath was giuen to all such as came thither: but perticularly they were to depose, to forget and set apart all hatred and rancour, which formerly they had, or instantly bare to one another, vpon any subiect or occasion whatsoeuer. And hereupon it came, that offensive Armes were prohibited, except the Sword, the ordenarie and vsuall Armes for a Knight and Souldiour.

Now, as concerning the Knights Club or Battaile-Axe, all them that haue writ∣ten of Iousts and Tourneyes, haue let it sleepe in silence, and what the fashion of it was.* 6.50 We will therefore set downe such a one, as the French (from all Antiqui∣tie) carried, according to the testimonie of the Monke of Saint Gall in Swetia, in the life of our King and Emperour Charlemaigne.

Erat Antiquorum ornatus, & paratura Francorum Claua, & Baculus de arbore Malo, nodis paribus admirabilis, rigidus, & terribilis, cuspide munuali ex Auro, vel Argent•• cum caelaturis insignibus prae••ixo portabatur in Dextera. Their Club or Battle-Axe was a Staffe of Crab-tree, heauie and very knottie, the hast or handle whereof was garnished with Gold or Siluer, Damasked with diuers Figures and Deuises.

So that although it was an ordenarie Armes of a French Knight; yet neuerthe∣lesse, it was both to offend and defend; and euermore at these Tourneyes, there would be some one peeuish and froward humorist, with one of these Battle-Axes, as we shall speake of hereafter more at large.

After these Tournements were thus performed in grosse, by the Assistants armed at all points, with their Coates of Armes, worne vppermost of all: then each man might deale with his Companion at the blunted Lance.* 6.51 Or else they would chal∣lenge one another, two to two, or else a certaine number of one Circuit or Prouince, smiting at each other with blowes of the Battle-Axe, to lay one another vpon the ground; which in our Romancers was tearmed Changing of Cuffes. And namely in that of Merlin the Prophet, whom they feigne to be Enchanted in a goodly Garden, there to remaine till the worlds ending; by the Lady of Lauall in Bre∣taigne, she being his Loue-Mistresse: Qui portoit de Gueulles, à Cinq Coquilles 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Ar∣gent. 3.2.

* 6.52These Barriers with Battle-Axes, were performed by troupes and multitudes within compasse of the Barres; each man being guided by foure Deputies, to keepe the Champions in their ranke and order. Foure other also beside, guarded the en∣trance into the Barriers, for directing the Champions to their Tourney, and winning the Barrier from his Contrary, according as they deale in the Bars. Which Barri∣ers were not enclosed fast, but onely with strong Cords, which the Guards vsed to cut in sunder when it was due time, and made the signale of retreate to such, as had sped worst in this manly exercise: whom our Romancers tearmed Faire performers, but ill Speeders, that is to say; Faire goers on, but foule commers off; as being astonned with the blowes, or out of breath, some being smitten downe with the Battle-Axe, and others almost stifled in the crowdes. And oftentimes, by being not well moun∣ted on their Horses, were ouer-borne by others better mounted, and trampled vn∣der-foote. Those to whom such ill successe happened in the Tourney, had their bummes well Sealed vpon the Barre,* 6.53 and afterward were compelled to ride it, bare headed, without Armes, onely his Coate of Armes excepted; to be knowne of all the Assembly, for such a Knight, or such an Esquire, vnskilfull in Armes, or sitting his Hors.

After this Sport of Tourney and Barriers, the Germaines (for their last exercise in these Tournaments) came to manage the Sword, not for any offence to bloud; but to cut the Leather straps or thongs, and make the Armes of his Contrary fall from him in the Field, for aduauntage and benefit to the Herauldes.* 6.54 For it belonged to them and the Iudges, before the beginning of the Tourney (which ordenarily lasted Fifteene dayes) to visite and reuisite their Armes, and the furnishment of such as were admitted to the Tourney, and making the ignorant or ill Armed, to ride the Barre.

This last Exercise being done, they went to Suppe at the generall Banquet,* 6.55 each man to that of his owne Circuite or Prouince: where the Ladies, as well married, as Widdowes, and yonger Gentlewomen, applauded the praises of them, whom the Iudges had commended for fairest performance; & deliuered the Prizes, which were ordained by the Prince that made the Tourney. An Act thereof is made, Signed then, one King of Armes, and two Heraulds (at the least) of euery Prouince.

Afterwards, thankes is giuen and returned on all sides, as well to the Prince, that defraied the charges of so solemne an Assembly; as to the Iudges of the Tourney,* 6.56 and them that carried away the Honour, by commendation of well deseruing. Then began the Dances, wherein the Ladies and Gentlewomen extended their gracefull fauours to the Champions: who led them in the Dance, to the end, that Feminine Nobilitie might pertake in the Exercise of Honour, as well as that of Men.

From being present in these Iousts and Tourneyes, dispensation was granted to Kings, Princes, Dukes and high Barons. Regiae, Ducalis, & Principalis dignitatis per∣sone ab his ludis Equestribus se abstinent, quoniam Reges sui Regni Corona, Principes,* 6.57 & Duces Serto caput adumbrare contenti, non solent, Perinde vt alij, in his Ludicris pug∣nis decertare, nec vlli Sodaletati se inserire debent. Persons bearing the Dignity of King, Duke, and Prince, may abstaine from these Tournaments; because Kings being con∣tent to adorne their heads with the Crownes of their Kingdomes, Princes and Dukes with a Garland or Wreath; are not wont (as others) to contend in these Tilting sports, nor ought to ioyne themselues to any society. They ought not expose themselues to such Exerci∣ses; but onely take pleasure in beholding them, and to giue presents to them, who are iudged to be best worthy of recompence.

What number of Jousts, Tourneys and Triumphall Tournaments, haue bin held and perfourmed in Germanie, vpon seuerall dayes and meetings. CHAP. VI.

THe First Assembly or meeting, for these Triumphall Exercises, was held (as we haue already said) by the Emperour Henry, Sirnamed the Birder,* 6.58 being First of the name, and Duke of Saxonie: On the first Sunday after the Feast of the Three Kings, in the yeare of Grace, Nine hundred thirtie eight, and in the Citie of Magdebourg.

The said Emperour Henry, Portoit de l'Empire, that is to say, D'Or, à l'Aigle Esploye de Sable, Brize de Saxe, qui est de Gueulles, au Cheual gay tourne d'Ar∣gent.* 6.59

Magdebourg, a Citie in the Dukedome of Saxonie, called in Latine Parthe∣nepolis, and dedicated to Venus: Porte de Gueulles, au Portail d'vn Chasteau Tourele, & Crenele d' Argent, Massonne de Sable, la Porte Hersee de mesme. Whereon appeareth halfe a Maide or Damosell, cloathed with Azure, holding

in her right hand a Chaplet of all kindes of Floures, and the other hand by her side.

We shall heere obserue, by a most exact search, and vnspeakable trauaile, the Armes, Blazons, Tymbres, Lambrequins and Creasts, belonging to the Kings of those Tourneys, and we will deliuer them according to trueth. Because Modius in his Triumphall Pandects, hath represented nothing but Shields, cut in Wood, and the most part of them wanting, supposing some by other: but without declaring the Blazons and Coullers, which is the matter only most necessary. The noble Reader may be beholding to me for it, and Modius corrected by this perfected Exemplarie: Deus nobis haec otia fecit.

* 6.60The Foure Kings of this first Tourney, (speaking according to the manner of the Germaines, whom we in France tearme Iudges of the Field) were these Knights following.

Charles, Lord of Hohenhowen, of the Circle or Prouince of Suauba: Qui portoit d'Or, Couppe de Sable a vne Estoile d' Argent (the Germaines make all the Starres to haue Sixe Rayes or beames, and the French graunt but Fiue) Mezail, Tarre de front, Cimier vn Proboscide d' Elephant, d' Argent couppe de Sable, de l'vn en l'autre, lie d'vn lacs d' Amour de mesme. Lambrequins d' Or, & les replis de Sable.

Meinolphe, Lord of Erbach, of the Circle of the Rhine. Qui Portoit Couppe de Gu∣eules, & d' Argent, a Trois Estoiles, Deux en Chef d' Argent, & celle de la poincte de Gu∣eules, Escartele (correcting Modius, who nameth there no quartering at all) d' Argent a deux Faces de Gueules. Mezail, Tarre de fronts Cimier, Deux Trompes (which wee tearme the Creast of an Elephant, or Trunck of an Elephant) Couppe de Gueules, & d' Argent a deux Estendards de Gueules en Saultoir: les Lances d' Or, Lambrequins d'Or, & les replis de Gueules.

George, Lord of Wolmershausen (correcting Modius both in Sirname and Armes) of the Circle and Prouince of Bauaria: Qui portoit de Gueules, a deux Faces d' Argent, Mezail, Tarre de front, tourne, Cimier, Chappeau pointu a la Persienne, componne d' Argent & de Gueules. Six plumes ala poincte, le rebord du Chappeau de Gueules, Lambrequi••s d' Argent, doublez de Gueules.

In Germanie there is an Illustrious Familie, bearing the Sirname of Lauming d' Erbschen••kn: Qui porte de Geueules, a vne Face de Sable, Bordee, ou Iumelee d' Argent; Escartele de Gueules, au Lyon d'Or, enferre dans vn Treillis d' Argent. Double Mesal Tar∣rez. Le Premier, a pour Cimier, vn Lyon tourne seant d' Argent, Coronne d'Or, au Pennache de trois plumes d' Argent,* 6.61 Gueules d' Argent. Lambrequins, Argent & Gueules. Le Deux∣iesme Mesal Coronne a pour Cimier l'Escart de cest Escu, c'est adire le Lyon enferre, en figu∣re Exagone, a Cinq plumes, trois d' Argent, & deux de Gueules, Lambrequins d'Argent, & de Gueules. Modius hath taken one Sirname for another.

Ernestus de Grumbach, of the Circle and Dukedome of Franconia: Qui portoit d'Or, a vn Ethiopien tourne de Sable, tenant vne Banquet de mesme, Tymbre tourne, Cimi∣er Vol tourne d'Or. Lambrequins d'Or, double de Sable.

The Second Tourney.

* 6.62WHich was celebrated by Conrad, Duke of Franconia (that is Orientall France) and at his costly expences; in the Citty of Rotenbourg, it being the chiefest in Franconia. On the Sunday after the Feasts of the two Saints Simon and Iude; in the yeare of Grace, Nine hundred, forty and two.

This Conrad (Sonne in Law to the King of Germanie, Henry, Sirnamed the Bir∣der) Portoit de Franconia, qui est couppe, endenchee d' Argent, de Gueules en Chef, Mesal Tarre, & Coronne d'vn Chappeau, Cimier deux Co••nes d'Elephant, couppe d' Argent, & de Gueules. Lambrequins de mesme.

The Foure Kings of the said Tourney, were these Knights following.

Frederick, Count of Helfenstein, of the Circle of Suauba. Qui portoit Escartele, le Premier de Gueules, a l'Elephant tourne d' Argent, sur vn Terasse d'Or. Le Quatri∣esme

a l'Elephant demesme. Le Second & Troisiesme d'Or, a vne Barre hochtee de Gueu∣les. Deux Tymbres affrontez. Le Premier a pour Cimier, vne Teste d'Elephant, tournee d'Argent. Les Lambrequins d' Argent, & de Gueules remployez de l'vn en l'autre, selon l'Art. Le Second▪ vn O••son naissant, tourne d'Or, le Col perce d'vne Virole d'Or a deux queues de Paon. Lambrequins d'Or & de Gueules, doublez de l'vn en l'autre. Heere correct Modius, who giueth no quartering at all.

Thibeth, Count of Andec••s, of the Circle of Bauaria, Couppe du Coste du Chef, d'Ar∣gent au Lyon pass••nt de Gueules. ••t en poincte d'Azur, a l'A••gle tourne d'Or. Tymbre t••rre tourne. Cimier Coronne, au Pennac••e de Cinq plumes. Lambrequins d'Or, & d'Azur.

Lewes, Count of Sarwerdden, of the Circle of the Rhine. De Sable, a l' Aigle d'Ar∣gent, Arme de Gueules. Mesal Tarre, Cimier, Leurier naissant d'Argent. Lambrequins d'Argent & de Sable.

Lewes, Count of Eberstein, of the Circle of Franconia; d'Argent, a vne Rose de Gu∣eu••s, ••scartele d'Or, au Sanglier tourne de Sable, sur vne Terrasse de Synople. Deux M••sals affrontez & Coronnez, Le Premier a pour Cimier deux Proboscides d'Argent,* 6.63 ••rne•• de Quatre Lances de Bague chacun de mesme, a vne Rose de Gueules au Mitan Lam∣brequins d'Argent & de Gueules. L'autre a pour Cimier vn Bus d'Eu••sque ••ourne, vestu de Gueules, a vne Rose d'Argent, mitre d'Argent, aux fanons de Gueules. Lambrequins d'Argent, & de Gueules.

Now, concerning the Armes of the Citty of Rotenbourg, seated by Modius on the Riuer of Taubr, called in Latine Tuber, giuing it a Castell,* 6.64 or else the Porte and Ha∣uen of a Citty: Correct that, for it is mistaken, setting downe the Armes of Roten∣bourg vpon the Neckre, for those of Rotenbourg vpon the Taubr. Which are d'Argent, a vn Aigle de Sable, Brise d'Argent au Portail, ou Chasteau garny de deux Tours de Sable, Massonne d'Argent.

The Third Tourney.

WAs held at the charges of Ludolphe, Duke of Suauba, in the Citty of b 6.65 Con∣stance, on the First Sunday after the Feast of All-Saints; in the yeare of Grace, Nine hundred, forty and eight.

This Ludolphe Portoit de Suauba, qui est d'Or, a Trois Leopards de Sable. Mezal Tarre, Coronne de front. Cimier, vn Aigle de Sable, Lambrequins d'Or, & de Sable.

The Kings of this Tourney were these Knights.

Ernestus, Lord of Winnenberg, of the Circle of the Rhine, De Gueules, au Leurier Gay d'Argent, au Collier de Gueules borde d'Or. Mezal tarre de front, Cimier Leurier naissant (answerable to the Armes. Lambrequins de Gueules, & d'Argent.

Henry de Fraunberg, of the Circle of Bauaria. De Gueulez, au Pal d'Argent, Escar∣tele de Gueules, au Cheuall Gay d'Argent. Mezals Tarrez, & Affrontez. Le Premier,* 6.66 a pour Cimier la Tiare Persique de Gueules sommee de vne queue de Paon, le rebord d'Er∣mines Lambrequins de Gueules, & d'Argent. L'autre a pour Cimier vn Cheual Gay naissant, trauerse d'vn Trauail d'Or, somme de deux queues de Paon. Correct Modius, who setteth downe no Quartering.

••r••ch de Redwitz, of the Circle of Franconia. Qui Portoit ••ace d' Azur, & d'Argent d•• Sept pieces, a vne Bande Ondee de Gueules. Mesal, Cimier, vne Teste & Col de Licorne d'Argent. Lambrequins d'Argent, & de Gueules; Reply de l'vne en l'Autre.

Frederick de Hirnheim (correcting Modius in the Sirname) of the Circle of Suau∣la. D'Argent, au Massacre de Cerf de Gueules. Mezal Tarre (the Germaines doe hole the most part of their Helmets in the front, but others are turned on the right side, according to the Perspectiue of Armes) & Coronne. Cimier, Deux Proboscides d'Ele∣phant▪ l'••ne d'Argent, & l'autre de Gueules. Lambrequins. Idem.

Constans, a Citty seated on the Lake of Ackron; beareth D'Argent,* 6.67 a la Croix plaine de Sable.

The Fourth Tourney.

WAs celebrated by Ridack, Marquesse of * 6.68 Misnia, in the Citty of Mertspourg: the First Sunday after the day of Saint Andrew, in the yeare of Grace Nine hundred, threescore and nine.

This Marquesse, or Margraue of Misnia; Porte d'Or, au Lyon de Sable. Mesal Tarre, & Coronne Cimier, Bus d'vn Sultan a longue Barbe, a la Campanelle Pallee d'Ar∣gent, & de Gueules. La Tyare Persique renuersee d'Argent finissant en queue de Paon. La doubleure, & Rebort d'Argent.

The Kings of this Tourney, were these Knights.

Volpert de Franckenstein, of the Circle and County of the Palatinat of Rhine (alias Rhein) Porte d'Or, a vn Pied de Cordonnier, mis en Barre de Gueules. Heaume Tarre, tourne & Coronne; Cimier Vol Tourne d'Or, charge du Couteau a Pied de Gueules. Lam∣brequins d'Or, & de Gueules.

In Germanie there are many Illustrious Families, which beare the Sirname of

Franckenstein; but their Armes are different from them, of whom we shall haue occasion to speake, in their seuerall places and degrees.

Franckenstein, who beareth D'Azur, a vne Face d'Or. Timbre, tarre de front, accor∣ding as all the rest. Cimier, Lozange Octogone de Queue de Paon, les Armes dans icelle. Lambrequins, Or, Azur.

The other Franckenstein: He beareth De Gueules, a Deux Barres de Sable, a vne Cheu∣re tournee d'Argent, monte sur vne Terrasse de mesme. Mesal, Tarre, Cimier. Vol es∣ploye. Vne Aile charge du Premier, l'autre Party, de Sable, & au Mitan la Cheure nais∣sant tourne as in Armes. Lambrequins, d'Or, & de Sable.

Ernestus de Kunsberg, of the Circle of Franconia. D'Azur, a vne Poincte d'Argent. Mesal, Tarre, Bourlet d'Argent. Cimier, double Proboscide, l'vn d'Argent, l'autre de Gueules. Lambrequins de Gueules, & d'Argent.

* 6.69Grunolt de Hofer. Of the Circle of Bauaria: D'Argent, a Trois Cheurons Bretessez Chacun de Trois pieces de Gueules. Mesal Tarre, & Coronne. Cimier, vne Nasse a Pois∣son, ouuerte par le Mitan, a vne queue de Paon au dessus. Lambrequins d'Argent, & de Gueules.

Guillaume, or William of Nippenbourg, Of the Circle of Suauba. D'Azur, a vn Vel, (that is to say, two Winges of Siluer) Escartele de Sable a vne Vase couuert d'Or (heer∣in Correct Modius, who admitteth no Quartering at all) Deux Mesals Tarrez, Co∣ronnez, & affrontez Le Premier a pour Cimier vn Bus de Fille Coronne D'Or, habillee d'Azur, a Deuz Ailes d'Argent. Lambrequins Azur & Argent. L'autre a pour Cimier vn Vase d'Or. Lambrequins Or, & Sable.

* 6.70Now, as concerning the Armes of the Citty of Mertspourg, Modius is therein much mistaken, because he giueth it a Lyon. It beareth d'Or, a vn Chasteau en Trian∣gle de Sable, Massonne d'Argent. That of Martspourg beareth d'Or au Fantassin Arme d'Argent, a vne Cornette & Banniere d'Azur, chargee d'vn Lyon d'Or. This is that which is at the Marquisate of Misnia, whereof there is now matter in question, as said to beare the name of Marcomir, King of the French, and First of the name (cari∣ed Prisoner in to Tuscanie, as we haue already shewne elsewhere) who had built it. That of Mersbourg, is in the diocesse of Constans, vpon the Lake Podamica, or of Ac∣kron: built by our King Dagobert, and face to face confronting Constans.

The Fifte Tourney.

THis was celebrated in the Citty of Brunschweigh, by Ludolph, Marquesse of Sax∣onie, Lord of Brunswick; the First Sunday after the Feast of the Three Kings, in the yeare of Grace Nine hundred, fourescore and sixteene.

* 6.71Ludolphe beareth (contrary to Modius, whose false Emblazon is thus to be cor∣rected) Au Premier de Saxe Ancienne, to witt, de Gueules au Cheual Gay tourne d'Ar∣gent. Le Second est d' Azur a vn Aigle Coronne d'Or. Le Troisiesme est d'Argent, a Treus bouts d'Espee de Gueules. 2.1. Le Quatriesme de Saxe moderne Face d'Or & de Sable de Huict pieces, a vne Coronne de Rue perie en Bande, brochant sur le Tout de Synople. Et sur le Tout de Tout, de Gueules a Deux Leopards passants l'vn sur l autre d'Or. Tro••

Mezails, Deux affrontez, & l'autre Tarre de front, & Coronnez. Le Premier a pour Ci∣mier vn Chapeau (d'Aleman) de Gueules, au Bord releue d'Argent, entre deux Euentaulx de queues de Paon. Lambrequins d'Argent, & de Gueules. Le second a pour Cimier vne Pyramide chargee de Saxe Moderne Coronee, & dessus vne queue de Paon. Lambrequins Or, & Sable. Le Troisiesme a pour Cimier l'Aigle du second quartier. Lambrequins Or, & Azur.

The Kings of the said Tourney were these Knights.

H••l••pol••e de Schonstein, of the Circle of Bauaria, Qui portoit d'Or au Pal de Sable. Mezal Tarre de front & Coronne, Cimier vne Nasse d'Ozier ouuerte au mitan, & dessus vn plu••il. Lambrequins Or, & Sable.

Moreouer there is in Germanie an other Family of this Sirname, which beareth De Gueules Coupe eschiquete d'Argent & de Gueules de quatre traicts. Mezal Tarre de front. Cimier Chappeau poinctu a l••Albanoise eschiquete des Armes, le Rebord leue de Gueules, vne Aigrete a la pointe d'enhaut. Lambrequins d'Argent, & de Gueules.

Frederick de Westersteton, of the Circle of Suauba, Qui portoit d'Argen, couppe d'Or, Party de Gueules, Heanme au Mezal Tarre de front, & Coronne. Cimier Vn Vol de front, l••vn d'Or, l••Autre de Gueules. Lambrequins Or, & Gueules.

William de Waldenstein, of the Circle of the Rhine. Modius is mistaken, in giuing to Waldenstein, the Armes of Wallenstein: Qui porte Palle d'Argent & de Gueules de huict pieces. Mezal Tarre, & Coronne. Cimier, Vn Aigle tourne & coronne d'Argent. Lam∣brequins d'Argent & de Gueules. But concerning the Family of Waldenstein, they beare De Gueules, an L••urier Gay tourne d'Argent. Mezal, Tarre de front, & Coronne. Cimier. L••urier passant tourne d'Argent. Lambrequins d'Argent & de Gueules. Cor∣rect Modius.

Conrad de Vestenberg, of the Circle of Franconia, De Synople, a vne Face d'Argent. Mezal Tarre. Cimier vne Teste de Bracque tourne de Synople au Collier d'Argent. Lam∣brequins de Synople & d'Argent.

If this had bin Westenberg: He should haue borne d••Azur, Escheque de Gueules, & d'Argenut. Mezal Tarre. Cimier Deux Cornes d'Azur, a Trois Banderoles chacune Es∣checquee d'Argent, & de Gueules. Lambrequins Azur, & Argent,

Braunschweig, Porte d'Argent, au Lyon de Gueules.

At this Tourney was present the Marquesse of Brandenbourg Henry,* 6.72 so named at his Baptisme: for before, he was a Pagane and an Idolater. Being conuerted to the Faith of Iesus Christ, he tooke for Armes D'Argent, a vn Aigle de Gueules, au Bec & membres d'Or, forsaking his Auncient Armes, which were (badly blazoned) De Sa∣ble, a vn Dragon de Gueules.

The Sixt Tourney.

WHich was celebrated at the charges of the Emperour Conrad, Second of the name, Duke of Franconia, in the Citty of Treuers vpon the Mosella,* 6.73 his orde∣nary abyding: on the first Sunday after Candlemasse day, in the yeare of Grace, One thousand and nineteene.

This Emperour Conrad Portoit de l'Empire, l'Aigle Brize de Fran••onia, qui est En∣denche Couppe d'Argent & de Gueulez. Mezal Tarre, Coronne. Cimier Deux Probosci∣des d'Elephant d Argent, Couppez, & Endenchez de Gueules. Lambrequins d'Argent & de Gueules.

The Kings of this Tourney were these Knights.

Sifrid de warth (Correct Modius) of the Circle of Bauaria. Il portoit d'Argent, a Trois Faces Bretessees (alwayes in diminishing, 3.2.1 de Gueules) Mezal Tarre, et Coronne. Cimier. Vn Vol Tarre, Bretesse, as the Armes. Lambrequins de Gueules, et d'Argent.

In Germanie there are two Families of this Sirname, almost like one another: but the ones name is written with a D. without H. Wardt. The first beareth D'Azur, a vn Aigle tourne d'Or, et couppe en Trois. La poincte d'Or, l'Abisme d'Argent, et le Chef de Sable. Mezal Tarre. Cimier Teste de Limier tourne d'Or, le Collier d'Argent. Lam∣brequins Or et Azur.

The other Family beareth D'Azur, Flanqui d'Argent, Mezal Tarre. Cimier de Cornes, l'vne d'Argent, & d'Azur en Cheuron droict; & l'autre en Cheuron renuerse d'Azur, & d'Argent. Lambrequins. Idem.

William de Cronberg, of the Circle of the Rhine. Portoit (Correct Modius) au Premi∣er Quartier de Gueules a vne Coronne d'Or. Le Second & Troisiesme Vaire. Le Qua∣triesme & dernier de Gueules sans charge. Mezal, Tarre, & Coronne. Cimier vne Pomme de Pin de Sable. Lambrequins d'Argent, & de Gueules.

Rodolphe de Stoffeln (correct Modius) of the Circle of Suauba, D'Argent au Lyon Coronne tournede Sable. Mezal, Tarre, Cimier, Lyon naissant Coronne tourne de Sable. Lambrequins Argent & Sable.

Kilian de Wolffskeel, of the Circle of Franconia: d'Or a vn Aethiopien vestu de Sa∣ble, au bouquet de mesme. Mezal, Tarre, Cimier, Vol d'Argent, Lambrequins d'Or & de Sable. Grumbach beareth the same: but the Aethiopian is tourned, and reuersed

* 6.74Treuers Porte d'Argent a vn Sainct Pierre, vestu d'Azur, Visage, Mains, & Pieds d'In∣carnation.

The Seauenth Tourney.

* 6.75WHich was held in the Citty of Hall in Saxonie, vpon the renowned Riuer of the Rhine, by the Emperour Henry, Third of the name, Duke of Saxonie: the first Sunday after the Feast day of the two Saints: Phillip and Iacob, in the yeare of Grace, One thousand, forty and two.

The Emperour Henry Portoit de l Empire, l'Aigle Brise des Armes de Saxe: Obser∣ued in the First and Fourth Quarters of them belonging to the Marquesse of Saxonie.

The Kings of this Tourney, were these Knights.

Iacques de Elrichshausen, of the Circle of Franconie. Qui portoit Bande de Gueules, & d'Argent de Six pieces. Mezal, Tarre, Cimier Bouc naissant Bande de Gueules & d'Ar∣gent, aux Cornes d'Or. Lambrequins de Gueules, & d'Argent.

Michaell de Morsberg, of the Circle of the Rhine. Qui portoit d'Azur, a Trois Aig∣lons d'Or, 2.1. (Correct Modius) Escartele de Cinq Poincts d'Argent, Equipolez a Qua∣tre de Gueules. Deux Mezals Tarrez, & Coronnez. Cimier du Premier vn Vol de front, charge chacun d'Azur, a Trois Aiglons d'Or. Lambrequins Or & Azur. Cimier de l' au∣tre, vn Bus d'Enfant Poincte d'Argent, & de Gueules, au Bandeau de Gueles. Lambrequins d'Argent, & de Gueules.

Diepolde de Reischach, of the Circle of Suauba, d'Argent, a vne Teste & Col de Sang∣lier, de Sable. Mezal, Tarre. Cimier de mesme qu'en Armes. Sable, & Argent.

Wonbold de Cammeraw, of the Circle of Bauaria. D'Argent, au Cheual Marin naissant de Gueules. Mezal, Tarre, Cimier de mesme qu'en l' Escu. Lambrequins Argent de Gueules.

* 6.76Hall in Saxonie (whereof the question now is) Porte d'Argent, au Croissant montant de Gueules, a Deux Estoiles, de mesme l vne en Chef, & l autre en Poincte. Correct Modius, who hath taken the Armes of the Towne of Braubach (which are d'Azur, au Crois∣sant tourne d'Or, a deux Estoiles de mesme) in stead of these.

Hall in Kochar, otherwise called Kochentall, Porte d'Argent, a l' Aigle esploye de Gueu∣les, Brise d'vn Escu d'Argent, couppe de Gueules.

Hall in Iuthall, Porte de Gueules, a Deux Lyons affrontez, & Coronnez d'Or, tenants vn Tonneau d'Argent entre eux-deux: And

Hall in Henegaw (for there are Foure Halls in Germanie) Porte d'Or a vn Chasteau en Triangle de Gueules, ayant en poincte vn Escu de Bauieres; Escartele du Palatinat du Rhein.

The Eight Tourney.

WAs Celebrated at the cost and expences, and by Harman, Duke of Suauba, in the Citty of Ausbourg, the first Sunday after the Feast day of Saint Laurence, in the yeare of Grace One thousand and fourescore.

The same Harman Portoit de Suauba, d'Or, à Trois Leopards, l'vn sur l'autre de Sable. Mezal, Tarre Coronne. Cimier, Aigle de Sable. Lambrequins, d Or & de Sable.

The Kings of this Tourney were these Knights.

Rodolphe de Rechberg, of the Circle of Swaba. There are three Families in Germa∣nie of this Sir-name, and Armes almost alike. Hohen Rechberg, porte d'Or, à deux Ly∣ons adossez, les queues passees en Sautoir de Gueulles, Mezal Tarre. Cimier vn Dain na∣issant tourne d'Or. Lambrequius. Or, & Gueulles.

Another Rechberg, without any other difference (which I take to be the man now in question.) Qui porte d'Argent à deux Lyons adossez de Gueulles aux queues entrenouees & passees en Saultoir. Mezal. Tarre, Cimier. Dain naissant droict de Gueulles, & Ar∣gent.

Another Rechberg, likewise without any difference. Qui porte les Lyons adossez de Gueulles en Champ d'Argent, Escartele d'Argent à vne Dain tourne de Gueulles, rampant sur vn Rocher de Sinople. Mezal, Tarre & Coronne. Cimier Dain naissant tourne de Gueulles. Lambrequins d' Argent, & de Gueulles.

Ambrose of Mubberg, of the Circle of Bauaria. There are two Families in Germany of this Sir-name, but of different Armes.

The first beareth D'Argent, à vn Corbeau tourne de Sable, tenant vn Anneau d'Or à son bec. Mezal. Tarre. Cimier. le mesme Corbeau tourne à l'Anneau d' Or. Lambrequins Argent & Or.

The other which is now in question. Porte d'Or à quatorze Tourteauz de Sable 4.4.3.2.1. Mezal Tarre. Cimier. deux Proboscides d' Elephant d'Or, chargez de Douze Tour∣teaux de Sable. Lambrequius Or & Sable.

Conrad de Allendorf, of the Circle of the Rhine. D'Or, à vn Poulain à descendre vin en caue, de Gueulles mis en bande. Mezal. Tarre. Cimier. Demy Vol D'Or, audict Poulain de Gueulles en bande. Lambrequins Or, & Gueulles.

Reinard de Leonrodt of the Circle of Franconia. Correct Modius. Il portoit d'Argent, à vne Face de Gueulles. Mezal. Tarre. Cimier. Proboscides d'Argent Facez de Gueulles. Lam∣brequins d' Argent, & de Gueulles. The Towne of

Ausbourg Porte, Party de Gueulles, & d'Argent, à vn Chapiteau de Colomne, charge d'vne Pomme de Pin. D'Or.

The Ninth Tourney.

WHich was held by Ludolphe, Duke of Saxonie, Count of Supplinbourg. The first Sunday after the Feast of All-Saints, in the yeare of Grace, One thousand one hundred and nineteene, in the Towne of Gotting.

Ludolphe portoit de Saxe ancienne, Escartele d' Or, à vn Massacre de Cerf, seme de Tourteaux de Sable. Mezal. Tarre. & Coronne. Cimier, la Pyramide de Saxe moderne, au Cheual gay passant sur teelle d'Argent, le tout dedans deux Faucilles dentees d'Argent au manche d' Or, mis en facon de Vol, entourez de queues de Paon.

The Kings of the Tourneys were these Knights:

Gothard de And law (Correct Modius) of the Circle of Suauba. Il portoit d'Or, à vne Croix plaine de Gueulles Mezal. Tarre. Cimier. Bus d'vn Roy de front, Coronne, à grands Cheueux, habille d'Ermines. Lambrequins d' Argent.

Henry de Torring (Correct Modius both in the Sir-name and Armes) of the Circle of Bauaria. Il portoit d'Argent, à trois Roses de Gueulles. 2.1. Escartele d'Or, à trois Lozenges en Bande, de Sable. Sur le Tout de Gueulles, à vne Pincette mise en Bande d'Argent. Trois Heaumes tarrez, celuy du Mitan de front, & les deux autres affrontez. Sur••le Premier, Thiare Persique d' Ermines, Coronne d Or, à vne queue de Paon, le Reb••rd d'Argent, charge de Trois Roses de Gueulles. Lambrequius. D'Argent, & de Gueulles.

That in the midst Coronne. Cimier, vne Estoile d'Or. Lambrequins d'Or.

The third is Crowned likewise, Cimier vn Paon d'Or. Lambrequins d'Or, & de Sable.

Kilian de Wisentaw (Correct Modius in the Sirname and Armes) of the Circle of

Franconia. Qui portoit d'Or, à vn Pal Lozenge de Gueulles. Mezal. Tarre. Coronne Ci∣mier de Deux Proboscides de Gueulles. Lambrequius d'Or, & de Gueulles.

William de Hundtbusch, of the Circle of the Rhine (Correct Modius in the Sir-name) Il portoit de Gueulles, au Saultoir engresle d'Argent. Mezal. Tarre. Cimier. Chappeau à l Alemande de Gueulles, double & rebord d'Argent. Lambrequins d'Argent & de Gueulles.

* 6.77Gotting Porte en Armes, de Gueulles, à vne Lettre Capitale G. d'Argent.

The Tenth Tourney.

IT being celebrated in the time of the Emperour Fredericke, Sirnamed Barbarossa, first of the name; By Guelphon, fourth of the name, Duke of Bauaria, the first Sun∣day after the Feast day of Saint Andrew, in the yeare of Grace, One thousand, one hundred threescore and fiue, in the Citie of Zurich; the Armes, whereof we haue obserued, vnder The Order of Saint Gall.

The Armes of the Dukes of Bauaria are Lozenges d' Azur, & d' Argent en Bande, Escartele du Palatinat du Rhin qui est de Sable, au Lyon Coronne d'Or. Deux Heaumes au Mesal Tarre de front, & Coronnez. Cimier. Deux Vols affrontez. Le Premier, charge de Bauiere, & l'autre du Palatinat: Lambrequins, des Metaux, & Couleurs des Armes.

The Kings of this Tourney were these Knights.

Iohn de Leminger, of the Circle of Bauaria, Qui portoit (Correct Modius in Sir∣name and Armes) de Gueulles à vn Vase couuert à vne Anse d'Argent; Escartele d'Azur, Party de Gueulles, à vne Face d'Argent. Deux Mezal Tarre & Coronnez. Cimier. Le Premier Deux Preboscides. Facez de Gueulles & d'Argent, au Vase au Mitan d'Argent. L'autre, demy ••ol, d'Azur, Party d'Austriche Moderne▪ Lambrequins des Metaux, & Cou∣leurs. Le Premier d' Argent, & de Gueulles, l'autre, de Gueulles, & d Azur.

George de Fuchsen, o•• the Circle of Franconia. There are three Families in Germa∣nie, of this Sir-name and Armes.

The first beareth D'Or, à vn Renard tourne de Gueulles Escartele d'Argent, à vne Face d'Azur, au Lyon de Gueulles rampant sur le tout▪ Sur le Tout du Tout. Party de Gueulles, en Mantel, à la Poincted Azur, Trois Mezal Tarre & Coronnez. Le Premier a pour Cimier vn Renard de Gueulles, ••••u••ne▪ & plante sur son Cul, comme vn Singe. Celuy du Mitan, vn Plain Vol charge de sur le Tout. Et le Troisiesme vn Lyon naissant de Gueulles. Lambre∣quins. Le Premier d'Or, & de Gueulles. Le Second, de Gueulles, & d'Azur. Le Troi∣siesme d'Argent, & de Gueulles. And this Familie called it selfe Fuchsen de Fusch∣berg.

The other, Porte d'Or, au Renard tourne de Sable. Mesal▪ Cimier, & Lambrequins, comme le Premier des Trois, qui n••a point de Coronne, ains seulement vn Chappeau à l'Ale∣mande, de Gueulles, au rebord d'Or, sur lequel Monsieur le Renard est assis.

The third Porte vn Renard droict, Mezal Tarre Cimier Renard droit, & Lambrequins, comme il est ••y dessus.

Wernier de Greiffenklaw (Correct Modius in the Sirname) Portoit de Sable, à la B••nd•• d'Argent. Escartele d'Azur au Rais d'Esca••boucle Pommete, & Fleurdelyse d'Or. Mezal, Tarre, Cimier, vn Pied de Grison d'Or, à la Cuisse de Sable. Lambrequins d'Or, & d'Azur.

Fredericke de Stauffen, of the Circle of Suauba. There is not any Family in Ger∣many, by the Sir-name of Stauffen, that beareth such Armes as Modius hath giue•• th••m, in regard that

The first Family of this Sir-name beareth De Gueulles, à Trois Calices, couuerts de leurs Volets, d'Or. ••. 1. deux Mezal, Tarre, & Coronnez. Cimier du Premier vne Mi∣tre, à vne queue de Paon dessus. Lambrequins Gueulles, & Or. L'autre a pour Cimier, Teste & Col d' A••gle d'Or, Lambrequins Or & Gueulles.

The other by the Sir-name of Stauffenberg. Porte d'Argent, au Calice de Gueulles sur vne ••nt••nete d'Azur à deux Volets d'Or l'vn sur l'autre Mezal Tarre de front, & Coronne. Cimier vne Fille naissante de dessus vne Montagnete d'Azur, Habillee d'Ar∣gent, a••ant sur l' Estomach vn Calice & Volet de Gueulles; au lieu de bras deux Cornes de Gueulles. Lambrequins d'Argent, & de Gueulles.

The Eleauenth Tourney.

WAs Celebrated in the Citie of * Cologne (called by the Romans Agrippina) at the cost and expences of Florent, Count of Henault, Holland and Zeland; Lord of Friezeland: On the, first Sunday after the Feast of the Three Kings of Cologne, in the yeare of Grace, One thousand one hundred threescore and nineteene.

The same Florent, Portoit de Flandre, Escartele de Hollande. Le Troisiesme de Frize, le Quatriesme & dernier de Zeelande. Armes heretofore very remarkeable, in the dis∣course concerning the Voyages of Ierusalem. Mezal, Tarre. Cimier vne queue de Paon. Lambrequins, de Hollande d'Or, & de Gueulles.

The Kings of this Tourney were these Knights following.

Iohn de Helffenstein (Correct Modius in the Sir-name and Armes) of the Circle of the Palatinate. I cannot tell where Modius fished for the Armes which he hath giu∣en him, and namely the Floures de Luces: For in Germany there are no more then three Families of this Sir-name, and in Armes they be different.

The first is written with one F. alone, Helfenstein, who beareth in Armes, De Gueulles, à vn Elephant tourne, d'Argent sur vne Terrasse, & petite Montagne d'Or au Premier quartier; & au Quatriesme l'Elephant est à droict. Le second & troisiesme escart sont d'Or, à vne Barre, ou fueille de Scie des deux costez de Gueulles. Deux Mezal. Tarre sur le premier est pour Cimier, la Teste & Col d'vn Elephant tourne d'Argent, charge d'vne Barre Sciee de Gueulles. Lambrequins d'Argent, & de Gueulles. L'autre a pour Cimier vne Teste d'Oye d'Or, le Col perse de deux Euentails, de plumes de Paon. Lambriquins Or, & Gueulles.

The second beareth likewise but one F. according to the first: & en Armes d'Azur, couppe d'Argent, au Lyon naissant tourne de Gueulles (these are they that Modius should haue set downe) Mezal. Tarre. Cimier, compose d'vn Panache de Cinq plumes de couleurs differentes, à scauoir de Gueulles, d'Argent, d'Azur, d'Argent, & de Gueulles. Lambrequins d'Argent & d'Azur.

The third Helfentein with one F. onely, as the two other, hauing in Armes Bande de Sable, & d Or de quatre pieces, à vn poinct quarre d'Azur en Chef au canton d' Hon∣neur. Mezal, Tarre Cimier vn Elephant naissant d'Or, couppe de Sable. Lambrequins, Or, & Sable.

Sifrid de Leubelsing, of the Circle of Bauaria (Correct the Armes of Modius) qui portoit d'Argent à deux Faces de Gueulles. Escartele de Gueulles, Party d'Argent, à deux Bandes d'Azur. Deux Mezals T••rre Cimier du Premier. Vn Chien Braque tourne assis d'Argent, au Collier de Gueulles. Lautre Cimier vn Vol entier, l'vn de Gueulles, & l'autre du Party. Lambrequins Argent, & Gueulles au Premier; & l'autre, Argent, & Azur.

Otho Wolffgang de Abspergk (Correct Modius in the Sir-name) of the Circle of Franconia. Portoit Party de Gueulles, & d'Azur, à la poincte d'Argent. Mezal Tarre & Coronne. Cimier. Vn Bus d'Enfant tourne, habille de Sable, les cheueux tressez & cordon∣nez par derriere d'Or, & de Gueulles, la Teste couuerte d'vn Chappeau de Gueulles, au re∣bord, d'Argent, vn Panache à la poincte du Chappeau, de trois plumes d'Azur, d'Argent, & de Gueulles. Lambrequins Azur & Argent.

William de Landtaw (Correct Modius in the Sir-name) of the Circle of Sua••ba. Portoit d'Or, à trois Cores de Chefen Faces, de Sable, Mezal, Tarre Coronne d'vn Bonnet & Mortier d'Or. Et dessus pour Cimier, vne Queue de Paon. Lambrequins, Or, & Sable.

There is another Familie in Germany of this Sir name of Landtaw, and of diffe∣rent Armes Bande d'Argent, & de Gueulles de quatre pieces▪ Mezal, Tarre, Cimier. Deux Proboscides, Bandez comme les Armes. Lambrequins Argent & Gueulles

The Citie of Cologne, being the Metropolitane. Porte d'Argent au Chef de Gueulles,* 6.78 à Trois Coronnes d'Or.

The Thelfth Tourney.

IT was held in the Imperiall Citie of Norimberg, by the Emperour Henry, sixt of the name (styling himselfe King of Naples and Sicilie) Duke of Suauba: the first Sunday after Candlemasse day, in the yeare of Grace One thousand one hundred fourescore and eighteene.

Suauba is obserued in the third Tourney: But I know not where Modiws hath bin fishing for the Brizure of France, and the Marteaux en Barre.

The Kings of this Tourney were these Knights.

Wilebold de Thengen, of the Circle of Bauaria (Correct the Sir-name and Armes of Modius) Qui portoit de Gueulles, a vne Licorne d'Argent Mezal Tarre Cimier. Licorne naissante d'Argent. Lambrequins, Gueulles, & Argent.

Iohn de Hirnheims, of the Circle of Suauba: His Armes are in the third Tour∣ney.

Ortolphe de Wilhelmsdorf, of the Circle of Franconia. Il portoit d'Azur, Couppe d'Or, à Trois Lozenges de Gueulles, Mezal ••arre Cimier vn Bus de Sarazin tourne, & habille d'Azur, Chappeau pointu recourbe par deuant de Gueulles, le rebord d'Or, à Trois Lozenges de Gueulles, vn Pennache au bout du Chappeau, compose de trois plumes d'Azur, d'Argent, & de Gueulles. Lambrequins d'Or, & d'Azur.

William de Reiffenberg of the Circle of the Rhine. If this be the same Reiffenberg according as Modius writeth. Il portoit de Sable, à vne Bande d'Or Mezal Tarre Ci∣mier. Deux Proboscides Facez de Sable & de Gueulles. Lambrequins Idem.

If it be he of Reisenbach, Il portoit Bande d'Argent, & de Gueulles de Neuf pieces, sans Lambeau. Mezal Tarre Cimier. Chappeau poinctu de Gueulles, rebord d'Argent. Cinq plumes, deux au Cordon du Chappeau d'vn d'autre coste d'Argent, & trois au sommet d'Ice∣luy de Gueulles. Lambrequins d'Argent, & de Gueulles.

* 6.79Norimberg Porte Moitie de l'Empire. Party de Bande de Gueulles, & d'Argent, de Six pieces.

The Thirteenth Tourney.

WHich was Celebrated in the Citie of Wormes vpon the Rhine, in the time of the Emperour Phillip, Duke of Suauba, by the Nobilitie of the Palatinate of the Rhine: The first Sunday after Candlemasse day, in the yeare of Grace, One thou∣sand two hundred and nine.

The Kings of this Tourney were these Knights.

Iohn de Ingel heim, of the Circle of the Rhine. De Sable, à la Croix pleine, Eschequee de Gueulles, & d'Argent de deux traicts Mezal Tarre Coronne Cimier Vol, charge des Armes. Lambrequins Argent, & de Gueulles.

Ernestus de Staffel, of the Circle of Suauba. D'Or, au Massacre de Cerf, en Pal de Sable, au Mitan vn Cloud de mesme Mezal Tarre Coronne. Cimier, Vol d'Argent. Lambre∣quins, Or, & Sable.

Sichard de Leubelsing, of the Circle of Bauaria. See the eleauenth Tourney.

Lewes de Redwits, of the Circle of Franconia. See the third Tourney.

* 6.80Wormes, Porte de Gueulles, à vne Clef d'Argent, mise en Barre.

The Foureteenth Tourney.

THis was performed at the cost and charges of the Noble Gentlemen of Franco∣nia (the Armes of which Circle and Dukedome are formerly obserued) in the chiefe Citie thereof, called Wirtzbourg. The first Sunday after the Feast of All-Saints, in the yeare of Grace One thousand two hundred thirtie and fiue.

The Kings of which Tourney were these Knight.

Sigismond d'Eltz, Qui portoit d'Argent, Couppe de Gueulles, au Lyon naissant, tourne, d'Or. Mezal Tarre Cimier. Chappeau tourne, de Gueulles, au rebord d'Ermines, au Vol

entier, l'vn de Gueulles, seme de Coeurs d' Argent; & l'autre d'Argent, seme de Coeurs de Gueulles. An Lyon naissant tourne d'Or, Entre deux. Lambrequins de Gueulles, & d'Ar∣gent.

Wolffgang de Hirschhorn, d'Argent, au Demy Massacre de Cerf de Gueulles. Mezal Tarre, & Coronne. Cimier Massacre entier de Gueulles. Lambrequins Argent & Gueulles.

Ernefrid de Andlaw. His Armes are in the Ninth Tourney.

Erpffus de Sickingen, De Sable, à Cinq Besans d'Argent en Saultoir, à la Bordure de Gueulles (Correct Modius who hath forgot him) Mezal, Tarre, Cimier. Oye, naissante d'Or, au Col seme de Flammes de Gueulles. Lambrequins Sable, & Or.

Wirtzbourg, d'Azur à vne Banniere Crenelee d'Argent, Escartelee de Gueulles,* 6.81 mise en Bande.

The Fifteenth Tourney.

BEing held and celebrated by the Noble Gentlemen of Bauaria (the Armes where∣of are before obserued) the first Sunday after the Feast day of Saint Michael, the yeare of Grace One thousand two hundred fourescore and foure, in the Citie of Ratisbonna, called in the Germaine language Regensbourg.

The Kings of the said Tourney were these Knights.

Conrad de Schencken, de Schweinsberg, of the Circle of the Rhine, Qui portoit Lo∣zenge de Gueulles, & d'Argent, couppe d'Azur, au Lyon passant d'Or: Double Mezal, Tarre. Le Premier a pour Cimier, la Teste & le Col d'vn Lyon tourne d'Or, à deux plumes, au lieu d'Oreilles, l'vne d'Argent, & l'autre de Gueulles. Lambrequins d'Argent, & de Gueulles. L'autre, Vol double d'Argent, charge des Armes. Lambrequins Or, & A∣ur.

Iohn de Fraunberg, of the Circle of Bauaria. Looke for his Armes in the Third Tourney.

Sigismond de Ricthein, of the Circle of Suauba. D'Argent, au Cheual tourne gay de Sable. Mezal, Tarre & Coronne. Cimier vn Cheual naissant ••'Or. Lambrequins Or, & Sable.

Conrad de Seckendorf, of the Circle of Franconia, D'Argent, à vne Couleuree de Ne∣nufar, nouee en double Saultoir, Tige, & Fueilles (huict en nombre) de Gueulles. Mezal, Tarre, Cimier. Chappeau poinctu de Gueulles, au rebord d'Argent. Lambrequins, Ar∣gent, & Gueulles.

Ratisbonna, Porte de Gueulles, à deux Clefs passe••s en Saultoir d'Argent,* 6.82 liees d'vn lacs d'Amour de mesme.

The Sixteenth Tourney.

IT was Celebrated within the Towne of Schwincfor (seated on the Riuer of Moein) by the Nobilitie of Franconia; the first Sunday after the Feast day of Saint Lau∣rence.

The Kings of this Tourney were these Knights.

Theodoric de Cammer (Correct Modius) of the Circle of Bauaria. Portoit d'Ar∣gent, à vn Hache tournee de Gueulles. Mezal, Tarre, Cimier. Chappeau plat d'Argent, au rebord d'Ermines, à la Hache de Gueulles tournee, fichee dessus.

Wolffgang de Kemmerer, of the Circle of the Rhine. D'Azur, à Six Fleurs de Lys d'Or. 3.2.1. Au Chef endenche d'Or. Mezal, Tarre, Cimier. Vol, remply des Armes. Lam∣briquins, Azur, & Or.

Otho de Schencken, de Geyren, d'Argent couppe de Sable. Mezal, Tarre, Cimier. A••∣gle d'Argent, couppe de Sable. Lambrequins, Argent, & Sable.

Conrad de Hirnheim, du Cercle de Suauba. Whose Armes are before duely ob∣serued.

Schweinfor, Porte d'Argent à vne Aigle de Sable. Correct Modius,* 6.83 who confoun∣deth both the Mettals and Colours.

The Seauenteenth Tourney.

WAs held in the Citie of Rauenspourg, in Suauba, by the Noble Gentlemen of that Circle and Dukedome (the Armes whereof haue bin formerly obser∣ued) On the first Sunday after the Feast day of Saint Iohn Baptist, in the yeare of Grace, One thousand three hundred and eleauen.

The Kings of this Tourney were these Knights.

Wolffgang de Frawberg, of the Circle of Bauaria. Dictum.

Iacques de Bodmaner, of the Circle of Suauba. Portoit (Correct Modius) d'Ar∣gent à tris Fueilles de Nenuphar de Synople. 2.1. Escartele d'Or, à vn Bou•• tourne de Sable. Mezal, Tarre, Coronne. Cimier, Chappeau poinctu de paille, au rebord d'Ermines, Coronne d'Or, & en poincte vne queue de Paon. Lambrequins, Or, & Sable.

Gotschalck de Nesselrodt, of the Circle of the Rhine, De Gueulles, à vne Face Bre∣tessee d'Argent. Mezal, Tarre, Cimier, vn Chien Bracque naissant de Gueulles, charge d'vne Face Crenelee d'Argent. Lambrequins Argent, & Gueulles.

Apelles de Sensheim, of the Circle of the Rhine. Il portoit (Correct Modius) Pale d'Argent & d'Azur de Six pieces, Escartele d'Or, à vn Sanglier Coronne, Sautant de Sa∣ble. Double Mezal, Tarre. Le Cimier du Premier est vn Bus d'vn Sarazin à grand Barbe tourne, habille de Gueulles, le Chappeau poinctu recourbe par derriere à vne houppe de Gueulles au rebort d'Argent & d'Azur. L'autre Cimier, vn Sanglier Coronne Sautant de Sable. Lambrequins Or, & Sable.

* 6.84Rauenspourg Porte d'Argent, à vne Porte de Chasteau Hercee, à deux Tours d'A∣zur.

The Eighteenth Tourney.

BEing celebrated in the Imperiall Citie (the ordenarie Prison for Noblemen, that make defailance in Germanie) by the Nobilitie of the Circle and Countie Palati∣nate of the Rhine: On the first Sunday after the Feast day of All-Saints, in the yeare of Grace, One thousand three hundred thirtie and seauen. We will set downe the Armes appertaining to the

Counts Palatines, Electours of the Empire, who doe beare En Manteau, de Sable, au Lyon Coronne d'Or; Party de Bauieres. La pointe de Gueulles, a vne Boule du Monde, croiset d'Or, Heaume Tarre, & Coronne, aux Lambrequins de Gueulles, & d'Or.

Cimier, deux Proboscides d'Elephant, Lozengez de Bauiere, & entre deux vn Lyon assis de front, de Gueulles, Coronne d'Or.

Tenants, & Supports deux Lyons d'Or.

The Kings of the said Tourney were these Knights.

Iohn Truchses de Waltbourg (Correct Modius) Qui portoit d'Or, à trois Leopards tour∣nez de Sable. Mezal, Tarre Cimier. Vn Bonnet Ducal renuerse de Gueulles, vne queue de Paon sortant d'iceluy. Pres de ce Bonnet est vn Estendart charge des Armes de l'Escu. Lam∣brequins Or, & Sable.

Frederick de Preysing (Correct Modius) Portoit Couppe, Bretesse d'Argent, & de Gueulles (commencez tousiours par la Pointe à blasonner Armes Couppees, quand les coup∣pures sont esgales) Mezal, Tarre & Coronne. Cimier deux Proboscides, le premier de Sable, & l'Autre d'Argent, & entre deux, vn Perroquet, blazonne, selon l'Art de diuerses couleurs. Lambrequins d'Argent & de Sable.

Erasmus de Liechtenstein. There are foure Families of this Sir-name in Germany, of different Armes.

The first beareth, De Gueulles, au Lyon tourne d'Argent; Escartele de Sable, au Lyon naissant de Gueulles, en Chef d'Argent. Sur le tout d'Azur, à vne poincte renuerse•• d••Ar∣gent. Trois Mezails tarrez, & Coronnez. Le premier a pour Cimier vn Lyon naissant, tourne d'Argent. Lambrequins d'Argent & de Gueulles. Celuy du mitan a pour Cimier vn Chappeau poinctu renuerse d'Azur, au Rebord fendu, d'Argent, au Pennache de Cinq Pl••mes, deux d'Azur, deux de Gueulles, & celle du mitan d'Argent. Lambrequins, Argent,

& Azur. Le Troisiesme a pour Cimier de Sable, au Lyon naissant de Gueulles, acoste d'vne queue de Paon. Lambrequins Argent & Sable.

The second De Gueulles, couppe d'Or. Mezal, Tarre Coronne. Cimier. Vol double, couppe comme l'Escu. Lambrequins Or, & Gueulles.

The third Party, & couppe Endenche de Gueulles, Escartele d'Argent (this is that of Modius) Mezal Tarre Cimier, deux Proboscides de Gueulles, entournees au dehors de Plumes d'Argent. Lambrequins Argent, & Gueulles. And

The fourth, D'Azur au demy-Vol tourne d'Argent. Mezal Tarre Cimier. Idem. Lam∣brequins, Argent & Azur.

Adam de Konigsegk. Lozenge d'Or, & de Gueulles en Bande Mezal Tarre Coronne. Ci∣mier. Pennache de cinq plumes celles du mitan, & des deux bouts d'Or, les deux autres de Gueulles. Lambrequins d'Or & de Gueulles. The Citie of

Ingelnheim, Porte vne Muraille d'Argent, Crenelee, & Masonnee de Sable,* 6.85 couppe d'Argent, à vne Aigle naissante de Sable. It is held, that in the Castell belonging to this Citie, our King Charlemaigne had his Birth and Originall.

The Nineteenth Tourney.

WAs held by the Nobilitie of the Circle of Franconia, in the Towne of Bam∣berg, the first Sunday after the Feast of the Three Kings, in the yeare of Grace One thousand three hundred threescore and two.

The Kings of this Tourney were these Knights.

George de Hirschhorn: whose Armes are set downe in the fourth Tourney.

Henry de Nothaft. There are of this Sir-name three Families in Germany, but of different Armes.

The first, is (that which is noated by Modius) Qui porte d'Or, à Face d'Azur Me∣zal Tarre Cimier, deux Proboscides chargez des Armes de l••Escu. Entre deux vn Chien bracque d'Ermines. Lambrequins, d'Or, & d'Azur.

The second which is Nothaft, de Hohenbourg, Porte de Gueulles, au Vol d'Argent. Me∣zal Tarre Cimier, Chappeau Poinctu de Gueulles, à l'A••grette de mesme, au Rebord d'Ar∣gent, au Mitan d'vn Vol d'Argent. Lambrequins Argent, & Gueulles.

The third according to the second, but the Crest differeth. Bus d'Enfant habille de Gueulles, Vol d'Argent, au lieu de Bras. Lambrequins, d•• Argent & de Gueulles.

Lewes de Helmstat, D'Argent au Co••q aux Ailes estendues de Sable. Mezal Tarre Co∣ronne. Cimier, Cocq naissant de Sable, orne de Plumes d'Or.

George de Voiten, de Rieneck, Qui portoit de Gueulles, au Belier d'Argent. Mezal Tarre Cimier. Chappeau plat, de Gueulles, au Rebord d'Argent, an Belier d'Or, dessus Lambrequins d'Argent, & de Gueulles. The Towne of

Bamberg, Porte d'Argent,* 6.86 à vn Homme Arme d'Azur tenant de sa main droicte vn E∣stendard de Gueulles à la Croix plaine d'Argent, & de l'autre vn Escu, aux Armes de l'Em∣pire.

The Twentieth Tourney.

IT being celebrated by the Noble Gentlemen, of the Circle & Dukedome of Suau∣ba, in the Towne of Eslingen, in the Principalitie of Wirtenberg. The first Sunday after the Feast day of Saint Martine, in the yeare of Grace, One thousand three hun∣dred threescore and foureteene.

Iohn de Landschaden, Qui portoit d'Or, à vne Harpe de Sable. Mezal Tarre Cimier, vne Teste d vn Roy Vieillard coronne, dont la grand Barbe sert de Lambrequins pour couu∣rir, & entourer ••e Heaume & l'Escu.

Fredericke de Preysing, whose Armes are described in the eighteenth Tour∣ney.

George de Schencken, de ••eyren: Looke for his Armes in the Sixeteenth Tour∣ney.

Phillip de Rietheim. See the fifteenth Tourney.

Eslingen, Porte d' Or. à vn Aigle tourne de Sable.

The One and Twentieth Tourney.

WHich was held by the Noblemen of the Circle and Dukedome of Suauba, in the Towne of Schaffausen; The first Sunday of the Feast of All-Saints, in the yeare of Grace One thousand three hundred fourescore and twelue.

The Kings of which Tourney were these Knight.

Otho de Bintznaw, D'Or, a vne hande de Sable, a Trois Bezans d'Argent. Mezal Tar∣re Coronne. Cimier, Licorne naissante d'Argent. Lambrequins, Or & Sable.

Reinard de Rhatsamhausen (Correct Modius) Qui portoit de Gueulles, a vn Es••u e•• Abisme d'Argent, charge d'vne Face de Synople. Mezal Tarre Cimier, vn Bracque naissant tourne d'Argent, au Collier d' Or. Lambrequins Argent, & Gueulles.

William de Sensheim. His Armes are emblazoned before.

Conrad de Welwart. De Gueulles au Croissant montant d'Argent. Mezal Tarre Cimier double Proboscide, Couppe de Gueulles, & d'Argent de l'vn, en l'autre. Lambrequins Ar∣gent, & Gueulles. Il y a vne autre Famille en Alemagne du Surnom de Wilwart, laquelle porte d'Azur en Mantel a la Poincte d'Argent. Mezal Tarre & Coronne. Cimier vn Pennache de trois Plumes, Azur, Argent, & Azur. Lambrequins d' Argent, & d'Axur. The Towne of

* 6.87Schaffhausen, seated vpon the Riuer of Rhine, Porte d'Or▪ au Belier gay de Sable: quel∣ques vns le font naistre d'vne Tour d'Argent, Masonnee, & Crenelee de Sable, sur vne Montagne de Synople.

The Two and Twentieth Tourney.

THis Tourney was celebrated by the Nobilitie of the Circle and Dukedome of Baeuaria, in the Citie of Ratisbonna, otherwise called Regenspourg (the Armes whereof are formerly obserued) the first Sunday after the Feast day of Saints Bar∣tholmew, in the yeare of Grace, One thousand three hundred fourescore and sixe∣teene.

The Kings of the said Tourney were these Knights.

William de Frawnberg. His Armes are noated before.

Gotthard de Egolfslein. Portoit d'Argent, a vne Teste d'Ours, tournee, de Sable, Mezal Tarre Cimier. Teste d'Ours. Lambrequins Argent & Sable.

In Germany there is another Family of the Sir name of Egolfsheim, which bea∣reth, D'Azur a vne Teste de Ly••n ailee d'Or (which are the Armes of Saint Marke of Venice, Qui porte d Argent à ladite Teste de Lyon ailee de Gueulles) Mezal Tarre Cimier, Demy Lyon aile d'Or. Lambrequins Azur, & Or.

Iohn de Landschaden, of whom the Armes are before in due place set downe▪

Erckinger de Rechenberg. De Gueulles, à vn Rasteau d'Or, mis en Pal. Mezal, Tarre, Cimier. Double Proboscide, de Gueulles, & entre deux vn Rasteau d'Or en Pal. Lambre∣quins, Argent & Gueules.

In Germany there is another Family of the same Sir-name, but of different Armes; Qui porte de Gueulles, à vne Teste de Belier tournee d'Or. Mezal, Tarre & Coronne. Cimier, Belier naissant tourne de Sable, aux Cornes d'Or. Lambrequins Gueulles, & Sable.

The Three and Twentieth Tourney.

IT being held by the Noble Gentlemen of the Circle and Countie of the Palatinate of the Rhine, in the Towne of Darmstat, seated on the Rhine, betweene Heildelberg and Franckford, the first Sunday after Candlemasse day, in the yeare of Grace, One thousand foure hundred and three.

The Kings of this Tourney were these Knights.

Iohn de Morsberg, whose Armes are remarked in the seauenth Tourney.

Lewes de Schellenberg. In Germany there are three Families of this Sir-name, but dif∣fering in their Armes.

The first beareth, D'Argent à vne Teste & Hure de Sanglier de Sable, aux defences d'Or. Mezal Tarre Cimier. Teste de Sanglier. Lambrequins Argent, & Sable.

The second beareth Face de Sable & d'Or de Quatre Pieces (which is somewhat neere to that of Modius) Escartele d'Argent à vne Teste de Lyon arrachee de Gueulles. Double Mezal. Le Cimier du Premier est vn double Pr••boscide; l'vn d'Or, l autre de Sa∣ble. Lambrequins d'Or, & de Sable. L••autre a pour Cimier Teste, & Col d'vn Lyon de Gueulles. Lambrequins Argent & Gueulles.

The third Family beareth, D' Argent, à Trois Roses de Gueulles. Mezal, Tarre, Cimier neuf Barbeaux des Champs, auec deux Roseaux d'Or. Lambrequins Argent & Gueulles.

Iohn Sirnamed Dore de Zenger (Correct Modius) Qui portoit d Or, Couppe de Sable, à vne Tenaille d'Argent, mise en Face. Double Mezal Tarre, & Coronne. Le Cimier du Pre∣mier est vn Lyon tourne sur ses deux pieds de deuant d'Argent à deux A••les d'Or, l'autre de Sable. Celle d'Or, Couppee d'Argent seme de Gueulles de Nenuphar de Synople, à vne Tenaille tourne de Sable. Lambrequins d'Or & de Sable. L'autre Cimier est vn Aigle Coronne d Or. Lambrequins Sable, & Or.

Wolffgang de Schenck, de Geyern, whose Armes are before remembred. The Towne of

Darmstat, Porte d'Azur, à vne Fleur de Lys d'Argent en Poincte,* 6.88 & vn Lyon naissant tourne de Gueulles en Ches, à vne Face de Sable, chargee en Ab••sme d'vn Bezant d' Argent (Correct Modius.)

The Foure and Twentieth Tourney.

WHich Tourney was celebrated by the Nobilitie of Suauba, in the Towne of Heilbron, the first Sunday after the Feast day of Saint Iames and Saint Phil∣lip, in the yeare of Grace, One thousand foure hundred and eight.

The Kings of this Tourney were these Knights.

Alban de Closen. D'Or, à Neuf Tourteaux de Sable, 3.3.3. Escartele d'Or, à vn O••son de Sable (Correct Modius) double Mezal Tarre. Le Premier, Coronne lequel a pour Ci∣mier, vn double Proboscide, d'Or, semez de Tourteaux de Sable. Lambrequins d'Or, & de Sable. Le Cimier de l Autre, vn Chappeau à l'Alban••ise d'Or, seme de Tourteaux de Sable, à la Poincte vn Plumard, de trois Plumes d'Or, de Sable, d'Or, le Rebord d'Ermines. Lam∣brequins d'Or, & de Sable.

Wolffgang de Sachsenheim. D'Argent, à vn Cimier de Cornes de Boeuf de Gueulles. Me∣zal, Tarre, Cimier. Tel que dedans l'Escu. Lambrequins Gueulles & Argent.

A••am de Sotern (Correct Modius in the Armes) De Gueulles à vn Z. poinctu, & non Pot••nce d'Argent. Mezal Tarre Cimier, Chappeau plat, de Gueulles, le Rebord d'Hermines dans vn V••l es••end•• de Sable. Lambrequins de Gueulles, & d' Argent.

Lewes de Stein, d'Altenstein. De Gueulles, à Trois Marteaux d'Or. 2.1. Mezal Tarre Cimier de double Proboscide de Gueulles, enferrez de b••uts de traicts empennez d'Argent. Lambrequins Argent, & Gueulles. The Towne of

Heilbron, Porte d'Argent, à vn Aigle de Sable (Correct Modius.)

The Fiue and Twentieth Tourney.* 6.89

WHich was held by the Nobilitie of the Circle and Dukedome of Bauaria, in the Citie of Ratisbonna: the first Sunday after the Feast day of Saint Luke, in the yeare of Grace, One thousand foure hundred and twelue.

The Kings of the said Tourney were these Knights.

••olffgang de Wittenhorst, Correct Modius, for the Sir-name and the Armes of the Circle of Bauaria. D'Or à Deux Iumelles de Sable, l'entredeux des Iumelles de Gueulles. Mezal Tarre Cimier vn Chappeau plat de Sable, au Rebord de Gueulles, à deux Flustes d'Aleman audict Chappeau en guise de Pennache, componnees des Armes de l'Escu. Lambre∣quins. Or, & Sable.

If this were the Familie of Westendorf. Il portoit d'Azur, à vne Grue tournee d'Argent, sur vne Terrace de mesme▪ Mezal Tarre Cimier la mesme Grue, Lambrequins d'Argent, & d'Azur.

George Stein, de Steineck, of the Circle of Suauba. D'Argent à vne Face viuree de deux pieces d'Azur. Mezal, Tarre, Cimier. Vol ploye, viure, de l'Escu. Lambrequins Ar∣gent, & Azur. Correct Modius, who giueth him Trois Racloirs, or Ratissoires de P••∣isles en Pal: wherein he is deceiued, by taking them instead of the Armes of the House of Steinecke. These belong to the Families of Pflaumer, of Stadion, Vom-stein, of Gangler, and of other Illustrious Houses in Germany.

William de Pallant of the Circle of the Rhine. Face d'Or, & de Sable de Six pieces. Mezal, Tarre Coronne. Cimier. Vol estendu d'Argent, & au mitan l'Escu Face. Lambre∣quins, Or & Sable. This Pallant is Sirnamed de Moreames, For there is a Familie that beareth the Sirname of Pallant, without any other addition, who beareth the Armes aboue Emblazoned. Escartele d'Or, à vne Face endenchee, ou bien Ondee d'A∣zur. Double Mezal Coronne, le Cimier, & Lambrequins de Moreames du Premier, & quant à l'autre Cimier, vne queue de Paon. Lambrequins Or, & Azur.

Another Pallandt, Qui porte Face d'Argent, & de Sable, de Six Pieces. Mezal, Tarre & coronne. Vol estendu, & dedans les Armes de l'Escu pour Cimier. Lambrequins Argent, & Sable. And another Family of the Sirname of Pollandt, which beareth, D'Azur, Seme de Treftes d'Or, à vne Roue en abisme d'Argent de cinq raiz, Mezal, Tarre, & Co∣ronne, Cimier la Roue entouree de Trefles d'Or. Cimier, Azur, & Or.

Lewes de Auffses, of the Circle of Suauba, d'Azur, à vne Face d'Argent, chargee d'vne Roze de Gueulles en Abisme. Mezal, Tarre, Cimier, double Proboscide d'Azur, charge de la Face, & Roze blazonnez en l'Escu, & au mitan vne Plume de Paon d'Or. Lambrequins A∣zur, & Argent.

The Sixe and Twentieth Tourney.

WHich was celebrated by Huldricke, Count of Wirtenberg. (Il portoit de Wi••∣tenberg, Escartele de Montbeliard, formerly obserued) for the day and delight of his Marriage with the Daughter of Henry, Duke of Bauaria, in the Towne of Stuttgardt, the yeare of Grace, One thousand fiue hundred thirty and sixe.

The Kings of this Tourney were these Knights following.

Wolffgang de Harf (Correct Modius) D'Argent, Couppe de Gueulles, à vn Lambeau d'A∣zur. Mezal, Tarre, Cimier. Chappeau d'Azur, au Rebord d'Ermines. Vol estendu l'vn d'A∣zur, & l'autre d'Argent. Lambrequins Azur & Argent.

Iohn de Nothaft (take away Remss in Modius, and place there Nothaft de Hohenbourg, or of Frowenberg) These two Families, Portent de Gueulles, au Vol d'Argent, Ceste••cy Mezal, Tarre, Cimier, vn Bus d'Enfant habille de Gueulles, à deux Ailes d'Argent, au lieu de Bras. Lambrequins d'Argent, & de Gueulles.

Nothaft de Hohenbourg. Mezal, Tarre. Cimier. Chappeau poinctu de Gueulles, à vne Ai∣grete au bout, le rebord d'Argent, dedans vn Vol d'Argent. Lambrequins Argent & Gueulles.

Nothaft, without addition, Porte, d'Or, à vne Face d'Azur. Mezal, Tarre, Cimier, double Proboscide, Componne d'Or, & d'Azur, & au mitan vn Chien & Leopard m••u∣chete.

George de Beldersheim (Correct Modius in the Sir-name and Armes) De Gueulles, seme de Croix Clechees au pied fiche d Or, à vn Estrier desmonte en Abysme de mesme. Mezal, Tarre, Cimier. Licorne naissante de Gueulles. Lambrequins d'Argent, & de Gueulles.

Michael de Lowenstein, De Sable seme de Treffles d'Or, à vn Lyon tourne, & coronne d'Argent (Correct Modius, who giueth it seme de Billettes, as well as the third Shield) Mezal, Tarre, Cimier. Lyon naissant tourne, & Coronne d'Argent, dedans vn double Pre∣bos••ide de Sable acoste de Treff••es d'Or. Lambrequins, Argent & Sable.

Another Familie of the Sir-name of Lowenstein, but differeth in Armes, who beareth, Au Premier, & Quatriesme quartier d'Argent, au Lyon coronne de Gueulles. Au second d'Azur, à Trois Roses d'Argent. 2.1. Couppe d'Or, à vn Aigle naissant de Sable. Au Troisiesme d'Or, â vn Aigle tourne de Gueulles. Sur le tout Lozenge d'Argent, 〈◊〉〈◊〉 d'Azur (qui est de Bauieres.) Et en pointe, vn autre Escu forme d'Argent, à vne

face de deux pieces de Gueulles. Trois Mizal, Tarre, & Coronnez, le premier & dernier de coronnes d'Or. Celuy du Mitan d'vn Bonnet Carre, Ducal d'Azur double d'Ermines. Cimier, du Premier vn Aigle tourne, & coronne d'Argent. Lambrequins Or, & Azur. Du Mitan vn Lyon assis de front de Gueulles, Coronne d'Or. Lambrequins Or, & Azur. Le Cimier du dernier vn Aigle d'Or, accoste de quatre Estendarts, deux d'Argent & deux de Gueulles. Lambrequins Argent & Gueulles.

Stattgardt, Porte d'Or, au Cheual Gay de Sable.* 6.90

The Seauen and twentieth Tourney.

THis Tourney was held in the Towne of Landshut in Bauaria, vpon the goodly Riuer of Iser: by Lewes, Sirnamed the Rich, Count Palatine of the Rhine,* 6.91 and Duke of both the Bauariaes, for ioy of his Nuptials, in the yeare of Grace One thousand foure hundred thirtie and nine. We haue already noated the Armes of this Prince Electour, wherein you are to Correct Modius.

The Kings of this Tourney were these Knights.

George de Freybourg. D'Azur, à six Bez••ns d'Or. 3.2.1. (Correct Modius) au Chef d'Argent. Mezil, Tarre, Cimier, vn O son naissant au Col d'Argent, la teste du Corps d'Azur, Seme de Bezans d'Or. 1.2.3. à deux Esuentaux de queue de Paon. Lambrequins Argent, & Azure. Co••rect Modius▪ who giueth but three Bezans.

Michael de Resenberg. Pale, Contre Pale de Gueulles, & d'Argent Mezal, Tarre, Cimier deux Cels d'O••e, & testes l'vne de Gueulles, & l'autre d'Argent, à vne Roze de Gueulles, fueillee de ••nople au Mitan. Lambrequins Argent, & Gueulles.

In Germany there are many Noble Families of this Sir-name of Rosenberg, but dif∣fering in Armes.

The first is that of the Sir-name and Armes of the Vrsins, obserued in the Dis∣course of Poland. And this is among the most Illustrious Houses of Germany, and gra∣ced with Title of Prince.

Ille porte des Vrsins, au Mezal Tarre de front, Coronne. Pour Cimier, vne Rose de Gueulles. Lambrequins d'Argent, & de Gueulles.

The other beareth, D'Argent, à vne Rose de Gueulles, fueillee de Synople, de Six pie∣ces. Mizal Tarre Cimier. Branche de Roze, Blazonnee, commne l'Es••u mais auec vne queue ••arnie de ses fueilles, outre celles de la Roze. Lambrequins Argent, & Gueulles.

Iohn de Staufer de Thunau, D'Azur, à vne Poincte d'Argent mouuante du Chef, Me∣zal, Tarre, Cimier. Vn Chappeau poinctu d'Azur, coronne d'Or, à vne queue de Paon des∣sus. Le rebord d'Argent, Lambrequins d'Argent, & d'Azur. Correct Modius, who giueth him for Armes Couppe.

There is another House famous in Germanie, by the Sir-name of Stapfer, which beareth, De Sable à vne Haye d'Or (en Face) & vne planchette de mesme. Mezal, Tarre, Coronne. Cimier Vol double de Sable, à la haye, & planchette d'Or. Lambrequins, Sable & Or.

Philip de Scharpfenstein. D'Argent, à vne Face de Sable, entre vne Iumelle de mesme (Correct Modius) Mezal, Tarre, Cimier. Vol double d'Argent à la Fasse ••umelee de Sa∣ble Lambrequins Argent & Sable.

There is mother Familie of this Sir name of Scharpfenstein, which beareth, D'Ar∣gent à vne Fasse, & dem••e de Synople. Mezal, Tarre Cimier Vol double d'Argent, charge de la Fasse & ••ye de Synople. Lambrequins Argent, & Synople.

Lan••shut porte d'Argent, à trois Chappeaux quarrez & Cor••onnez d'Azur. 2.1.* 6.92

The Eight and Twentieth Tourney.

WHich was celebrated by the Noble Gentlemen of the Circle and Dukedome of Franconia in the time of the Emperour Fredericke, Third of the name, and in the Citie of Wirtzbourg (he Armes whereof are formerly obserued, with them of Franconia) on the first Sunday after the Feast of the Three Kings of Cologne: the yeare of Grace, One thousand foure hundred threescore and foureteene.

In this Tourney, were renewed the old and auncient Statutes for Iousts and Tourneys, and diuers newly added, to gouerne and order the Furnitures of Noble Gentlemen, that were then present there, and for the times following. Moreouer, that these Tournaments were to be held and celebrated, onely in these foure Cities of Germanie.

• ...Bamberg.
• ...Norimberg.
• Wirtzbourg: And
• Moguntia, or Mentz.

The Kings of this Tourney were these Knights following.

• ...Fuerard de Grumbach.
• ...George de Fuchs••n.
• ...Erckinger de Seinshein.
• ...Sebastian de Seckendorff.

Whose Armes are all of them obserued in the precedent Tourneys.

The Nine and Twentieth Tourney.

BEing held in the Citie of Mentz, by the Nobilitie of the Circle and Palatinate of the Rhine, in the time of the same Emperour Henry the Third. The first Sun∣day after the Feast day of Saint Bartholmew, in the yeare of Grace, One Thousand foure hundred and fourescore.

The Kings of this Tourney, were these Knights.

William, Count of Furstenberg, Qui portoit d'Or, à vn Aigle de Gueulles, à l'Orle d'Ar∣gent, Viurce d'Azur: l'A••gle brize sur l••Estomach d'vn autre Escu Escartele. Le Premier, & Quatriesme de Gueulles à vn Genfanon d'Or. Les Second, & Troisiesme d'Argent, à vne Bande endenchee de Sable (Correct Modius, who hath let slip in silence the Brizure of the Eagle.) Trois Mezails Tarrez, & Coronnez.

Cimiers. Du Premier vne Mitre d'Euesque, d'Argent, ornee de Rubis de Gueulles. Lam∣brequins d'Argent, & de Gueulles.

Cimier du Mitan, vn Carreau de Gueulles, houppe d'Or, à vn Van à vaner clisse d'Ar∣gent. Lambrequins Or, & Gueulles.

Cimier du dernier teste & col de Chien Bracque d'Argent, à l'Oreille chargee d'vne Ban∣de endench••e de Sable. Lambrequins Argent, & Sable.

William, Count of Furstenberg (Sonne to this Henry) about the yeare of Grace, One thousand fiue hundred and fortie, in the time of King Frances the first, hauing giuen out some speeches, against the honor and reputation of the Lord of Vasse-Grongnet, a braue French Knight. (They of this Noble House carried this Nickname of Grongnet; and for Armes, D'Or à vne Face d' Azur, de Trois pieces.) The said Lord de Vasse sent him a Challenge by an Herauld, to fight with him in single Combat, thereby to auouch, that he had lied, and as many times more as he toucht the ho∣nour of him or his, as many times more he did lye. The Count was content, to keepe these lyes all hi•• life time, without aduenturing into the Field.

In Germanie there are others of the name of Furstenberg, but varying and differing in their Armes: In regard that they beare D'Or, à vne Face de deux pieces de Gueulles. Mezal, Tarre & Coronne. Cimier deux fucilles de Chesne d'Or Eschecque, & de Gueulles Lambrequins d'Or, & de Gueulles.

George de Frawnberg, his Armes are named before.

Iohn de Flersheim. Il portoit Couppe en Trois d' Azur en Chef, & de Gueulles en Poincte, à la Face d'Argent. Mezal, Tarre, Cimier, vn Buz de Fille habillee de Gueulles au Vol, au lieu de bras, Couppe comme l'Escu. Lambrequins d'Argent, & de Gueulles (Correct Mo∣dius for the Armes.)

Bleichard de Lanschaden, the Armes of whom haue bin obserued before▪ The Citie of

Mentz seated where the two Riuers of Rhine and the Moein doe meete. Perte de Gueulles, à deux Roues d'Argent, ioinctes ensemble par vne Croix pattee de mesme, ••n Bande.

The Thirtieth Tourney.

THis Celebration was perfourned by Phillip, Prince Electour, Count Palatine of the Rhine, and Duke of bothe Bauariaes: The first Sunday after the Feast day of Saint Bartholmewe, in the yeare of Grace, One thousand, foure hundred, fourescore and one in the Citty of

Heidelberg, the Capitall and chiefe Citty of the Palatinate,* 6.93 seated vpon the Riuer of N••ckre: And beareth De Sable, au Lyon tourne Coronne d'Or.

The Kings of this Tourney were these Knights.

Manog Marchalck de Bappenhein, of the Circle of Bauaria (Correct Modius in the Armes) Il'portoit Coupped d' Argent & de Sable, a deux Esp••es nues passees en Saultoir, les Gardes croise••s de Gueulles: Escartele de Vaire-Contre Vaire. Double Mesal, Tarre, le Premier Coronne, ayant p••ur Cimier deux Estendarts en Saultoir, charge•• du pr••mier quartier. Lambrequins, Argent, & Sable. Cimier de l'Autre, le ••uz d'vne ••oyne Coron∣n••e▪ & ses Cheueux tressez & Cordonnez par derriere, d Or, habille de mesme. Lambre∣qu••ns Or & Azur. In Germanie there are many Families of this Sirname of Mar∣chalck, and as different in the Armes, as some wayes in the Sirnames.

Marchalck••d E••••et▪ Face d'Argent & d'Azur de Huict p••eces, a vne Barre ondee de Gu∣eules ••r••chante sur le tout. Mesal, Tarre, Cimier Licorne naissante de Gueules. Lambre∣quins, d'Argent▪ & Gueules.

Marschalck, de Osthe••, d' Argent a vn Treteau de Table, perce, vuide, & crenele a l' Antique en Sau••t••r de Sable, Mesal Tarre, Cimier. Lyon naissant habille de Sable, auec vn Cheppeau plat a la Flamande d'Ardent, cordonne s••ubs la gorge, de mesme. Lam∣brequins. Argent, & Sable.

Marschalck, de G••tsmans hausen d'Argent, a Deux Faces de Gueules, mises en Pal, Me∣sal Tarre, Coronne. Cimier. Double Proboscide d'Argent, Couppez d'Gueule de l'vn, en l'autre acostez de Band••r••les d'Argent, & Gueules.

Marschalck, de Biberstein, d'Argent Frette de Gueules, Mesal Tarre, Cimier Double Pro••scide d'Argent, vne Aigrete de Gueules au Mitan, Lambrequins, d'Argent, & de Gueules.

Marschalck, de Stuntzberg. De Gueules, au Cleuron Tourne en Barre d'Argent, Ma∣sal Tarre, Cimier. Vol charge du mesme Cheuron, des Coul••urs de l'Es••u, Lambrequins, Idem.

Marschalt, d'Oberndorf, d'Argent, a Vne Face Bretessee en Chef de quatre pieces d'A∣zur, celle de la Poincte, Bretessee en Poincte, Mesal Tarre, Cimier. Chappeau poinctu charge des Armes, & Coronne, finissant en queue de Paon, le Rebord Bretesse de Gueu∣les. &

Marschalck, d' Argent, a la Barre Lozengee de Sable. M••sal Tarre, Cimier. Buz d'vn Homme a longue Barbe, au Cocqueluchoa, & l'habillement d'Argent, a la Barre Lozengee de Sable, Lambrequins. Argent, Sable. And so others.

Wolffgang de Waldeck of the Circle of Suauba, D' Argent, a vn Aigle naissant, tourne, & Coronne de Gueules, a vn Saultoir pery de Gueules en Poincte. Mesal Tarre, & Coron∣ne. Cimier, Aigle entier, tourne, & Coronne d'Or. Lambrequins de Gueules, & d'Ar∣gent.

In Germanie there other Families of this Sirname but differing in their Armes. For

The Counts of Waldeck Portent d'Or, a vne Estoile de Sable, Mezal Tarre, & Coron∣ne. Cimier, Vol, d'Or, charge de l'Estoile des Armes. Lambrequins, Or & Sable.

An other Waldeck. De Gueules, au Vol d' Argent. Mezal Tarre, Cimier, Buz de Fille habillee de Gueules, au Vol, au li••u de Bras. Lambrequins, Argent, & Gueules.

An other Waldeck de Gueules a Trois Haches d'Argent, 2.1. Mezal Tarre, Cimier. Buz d'vn V••eillard Barbu habille d'Argent, a deux Oreilles d'Asne a la teste, l'vne de Gueu∣les, & l'autre d'Argent, Lambrequins. Gueules, & Argent.

• Iohn de Seckendorff of the Circle of Franconia
• Bertrand de Neselrod, of the Circle of Bauaria:

Their Armes are knowne.

The One and Thirtieth Tourney.

IT was held by the Nobility of the Circle and Dukedome of Suauba, in fauour of Ebrard, Count of Wirtenberg, in the Towne of Stut••gard (the Armes of the Coun∣ty and Towne are formerly obserued:) On Wednesday after the Feast day of the Three Kings of Cologne, in the yeare of Grace One thousand, foure hundred, foure∣score and foure.

The Kings of the said Tourney were these Knights.

• Iohn Iacques de Bodman, of the Circle of Suauba.
• Sigismond de Leiming, of the Circle of Bauaria.
• Erckinger de Seins of the Circle of Franconia.
• Adam de Pallants of the Circle of the Palatinat.

The Armes of these Men are before noated.

The Two and Thirtieth Tourney.

WAs Celebrated by the Nobility of Bauaria, in fauour of Prince George, Count Palatine of the Rhine,* 6.94 and Duke of both the Bauariaes: In the Citty of Ingol∣stat, the first Sunday of the Feast day of Saint Gyles, being the first day of September. In the yeare of Grace One thousand, foure hundred, fourescore and foure.

The Kings of this Tourney were these Knights.

Iohn de Woffstein, D'Or, a deux Lyons Leopardez de Gueules. Double Mezal, le Pre∣mier Coronne, a pour Cimier vn Aigle tourne, & Coronne d'Or, le Vol, c'est a dire, ses Ailes semees de fueilles de Nenuphar de Synople. Lambrequins d'Or, & de Sable.

L'autre a pour Cimier vn Chien naiss••nt de Sable, au Collier d'Or, tenant vn M••uton dans sa Gueule. Lambrequins, Or, & Gueules.

George de Eysenheuen (Correct Modius in the Sirname) D'Argent, a Trois F••r∣ces de Sable mises en Bandes. Mezal Tarre, & Coronne. Cimier, vn Escu des mesmes Armes, & vne Aigrete dessus. Lambrequins d'Argent, & de Sable.

Iohn de B••u••kperg (Correct Modius the Sirname and Armes) d'Argent, a vne Fa∣ce d'Azur. Mesal Tarre, Cimier, vn Vol charge de l'Escu. Lambrequins, Argent, & Azur.

Huldrick de Braidenstein. D'Azur, Couppe d'Argent. Mesal Tarre, & Coronne. Ci∣mier. Vol charge de l'Escu. Lambrequins, d'Argent, d'Azur. There is likewise in Germanie other Families, which beare the Sirname of Breidenstein called of Breden∣bech; Qui porte d'Argent au Dragon Aile tourne, ayant deux pattes de Griphon, & la queue de Serpent de Gueules. Mesal Tarre, Cimier le mesme Dragon, Lambrequins, d'Argent, & de Gueules.

Ingolstat a Citty of Bauaria, seated on the great Riuer of Danubius, Porte d'Argent, a vn Griphon,* 6.95 sans Ailes, d'Azur a grandes Oreilles, & iectant par sa Gueule du fue de Gu∣eules.

The Three and Thirtieth Tourney.

WHich was held by the Noble Gentlemen of the Circle and Dukedome of Franconia, in fauour of the Prince Electour Albert, Marquesse of Branden∣bourg, in the Capitall Citty of the Bourgrauiat of Nurnberg, vulgarly called Norim∣berg, and tearmed also Onoltzbach: The first Sunday after the Feast of the Ascension, in the yeare of Grace One thousand, foure hundred fourescore and fiue. The Armes of the same.

Albert Marquesse of Brandenbourg are, Au Premier Quartier d'Argent, a vn Aigle de Gueules: au Second d'Argent, au Griffon Coronne de Gueules. Le Troisiesme est du Burggrauiat de Nurnberg, qui est d'Or, au Lyon tourne, & Coronne de Sable, a la Bordure Componnee de Gueules, & d'Argent. Le Quatriesme Escartele d'Argent, & de Sable, qui est de Zollern. Et sur le Tout d'Azur, au Sceptre d'Or, en Pal. Triple Mesal Tarre, dont les deux derniers sont Coronnez. Cimiers.

Le Pr••mier, est vn Chappeau Ducal de Gueules, au Rebord d'Ermines. Double Prob••s∣cide,

Componne de Gueules & d'Argent, & au Mitan le Lyon, qui est du Burggrauiat. Lam∣brequins, d'Argent, & de Gueules.

Le Deuxiesme vn Vol de Sable, parseme de Coeurs d'Or. Lambrequins, d'Or, & de Sa∣ble. Et

Le Dernier, Bonnet Ducal de Gueules, fourre d'Ermines, a vne Queue de Paon. Lam∣brequins. Or, & Sable.

The Kings of this Tourney were these Knights.

• Iohn de Fuchsen,
• Alexandre Marschalck de Pappenheim
• Conrad d'Auffsees
• Adam de Torring.

The Armes of these Men are for∣merly obserued.

Onoltz••ach, the chiefe City in the Burggrauiat of Nurneberg, sporte, de Gueules,* 6.96 a vne Bande ondee d'Argent, chargee de Trois Poissons d'Azur.

The Foure and Thirtieth Tourney.

THis Tourney was celebrated by the Nobility of Franconia, in the time of the King of the Romaines Maximilian, First of the name: The first Sunday after the Feast and sollemnity of the Three Kings. In the yeare of Grace One thousand, foure hundred, fourescore and sixe, in the Citty of Bamberg, the Armes whereof are formerly described.

The King of the Romaines beareth, D'Or à l'Aigle simple tourne de Sable au Diademe & Cercle de Gueules: sur la Brizure duquel sont les Armes particuliers de l'Esleu Empe∣reur. Et cestuy cy portoit d'Austriche Moderne, Party de d'Ancienne Bourgongne.

The Kings of this Tourney, were these Knights.

George de Gumpenberg, De Gueules, a vne Bande d'Argent, chargee de trois bouts d'Espec de Synople (Correct Modius for the Armes) Escartele, de Gueules, a la Bande d'Argent, chargee de t••s fueilles de Nenuphar de Synople. Double Mezal. Le premier a pour Ci∣mier, double Proboscide d'Elephant d'Ermines. Lambrequins d' Argent, & de Gueules.

Lautre Mezal coronne tient a Cimier, Vol de Gueules a la Bande, d'Argent, chargee de trois fu••illes de Nenuphar de Synople. Lambrequins, d'Argent, & de Gueules.

Philippe d'A••••urgk (Correct Modius) D'Azur, a six Fleurs de Lys d'Argent. 3.2.1. Au Chef endenche d'Or. Mesal Tarre, Coronne Cimier, Vol, charge de l'Escu. Lam∣brequins Azur, & Argent.

Conrad de Schellenberg. See his Armes in the Three and Twentieth Tourney.

Iohn Truchses, de We••zhausen. D'Or, a deux Faces Eschequees de Gueules, & d'Argent de deux Traicts. Mesal Tarre, Cimier double Proboscide d'Elephant, charge de l'Escu, & de∣dans vn Bus de Royne coronnee, sa Tresse cordonee par derriere d'Or, habille de Gueules. Lambrequins, d'Or, & de Gueules.

There are diuers Families in Germanie of this Sirname of Truchses, with additi∣ons and different Armes: which we are content to let slip in silence, because wee would not breake this discourse of very laborious inquisition, and hasten to

The Fiue and Thirtieth Tourney.

WHich was held by the Nobility of Bauaria, in the Citty of Ratisbonna: the First Sunday after Candlemasse day. In the yeare of Grace One thousand, foure hundred, fourescore and seauen.

The Kings of this Tourney were these Knights.

• William de Wolffstein
• Phillip de Cronberg

Whose Armes are before remembred.

Henry de Zulnhart, De Gueules, au Bouc naissant d'Argent. Mesal Tarre, Cimier, de mesme qu'en l'Escu. Lambrequins, d'Argent, & de Geueules.

Hildebrand de Thungen, d'Argent, a la Face de Gueules, charge de trois Paux ondez d'Or, Mesal Tarre, Cimier. Le Bus d'vn Sarrazin a longue Barbe, habille de Gueules, Chappeau poinctu de mesme, au Rebord d'Argent, a trois Aigrettes▪ Lambrequins d'Argent. & de Gueules.

The Sixe and Thirtieth Tourney.

THis was Celebrated by the Noble Gentlemen of the Circle and Countie Palatinate of the Rhine, in the Citty of Wormes: The first Sunday after the Feast day of Saint Bartholmew: In the yeare of Grace One thousand, foure hun∣dred, fourescore and seauen.

The Kings of this last Tourney were these Knights.

• ...Lewes de Rheinac
• ...Christopher de Gammer
• ...Otho de Lichtenstein, &
• ...Frederic Dalburgk,

All their Armes are before obserued.

And this was the last Tourney: After which we haue seene (So speaketh Sebastian Munster, in the third Booke of his Cosmographie) the common degree of the Nobility, to plundge and sinke themselus in the puddle of all Vices,* 6.97 yea, in the eye of the whole world. And the ignominie which they received publiquely in these Tourneys; serued as a Caues∣son or headstall for a Horses nose, or Bitt in a young Coltes mouth, to restraine our Gentlemen, vpon the tearmes of Vertue and Honour. By the extirpation of this Honourable Exercise among them, they became euen prostituted to all vile abuses, without obseruing any pathe or way to goodnesse. So farre goeth Munster, speaking nothing but the trueth.

Heere we could represent and Figure (euen to the life) the Armes and Blazons of all the Nobility of Germanie, both Lords and Ladies, Maried Wiues, Widdowes and Daughters,* 6.98 who (according as Modius writeth) haue bin present at these Tour∣neys; but the labour and paines would hould mee ouer-long. It shall satisfie mee therefore, to expresse none but them only, which Modius▪ hath declared to vs, and correcting them where they are wanting and defectiue, or so badly presented, that they come very short almost of any vnderstanding. He might haue demonstrated their Coullers and Mettals at the least, which had bin easie enough for him to haue done: if he had knowne, or were skilfull in that admirable vnderstanding, wherein the Germaines (so learned and curious in Armes as euer were any) are not meanely experienced, which knowledge our Grauers and Sculptures ought to pursue and imi∣tate. The Germaines (I say) in presenting the Armes of a Gentleman, make vse of certaine Letters, which doe serue them as noates or markes, for figuring the Met∣talls and Blazons in the Shield or Escutcheon, with the Creasts, Mantles and Sup∣porters.

* 6.99They make vse of Two Mettalls, and Foure Coullers, as we doe.

Or, which in their Language they call Gelb, and they make it knowne by the Let∣ter G.

Argent, tearmed in the Germaine tongue Weis, and they make it vnderstood by a double W.

Azur, among vs is named Blew, and that Couller by them is figured with a B.

Gueules, which they tearme Roth, they vse to present by the Letter R.

Synople, Which they call Grun in their Language, is denoated by a Leafe of Ne••••∣phar, as if we meant to say by a Trefoile, or Three leaued Grasse.

And Sable, which they tearme Schwartz, as much to say as Black, they expresse by the Letter S. Which by the following Table may be the more easily comprehended of euery one.

G

Gelb.

W

Weis.

B

Blow.

R

Roth.

Vn Trefoile

Grun.

S

Schwartz.

In like manner, we that are French-men, can make representation of our Armes by noates and markes, comming neere to the Language of our owne vnderstanding: As we haue done in the Armes of Monsieur le Clerc, Counceller.

* 6.100

Or.	O	By these Markes.	O.	Or.
Argent.	A	A.	Argent.
Bleu.	B	B.	Bleu.
Rouge.	G	G.	Gueules.
Verd.	V	V.	Verd, and
Sable.	S	S.	Sable.

But for our better making knowne and discerned, the Coullers and Mettals of the Germaines Armes; we haue figured them fairely to you, in the Module or Piece that doeth expresse the Order of Saint G••ll. There wee haue presented the Armes of those Foure Men, that were the Authors or founders of the Switzers Liberty.* 6.101 Wher∣unto should haue bin added the deuise of Mantles, Helmes and Creasts, which we could not expresse vpon their Armes, in regard of want of roome and space, fitting and beseeming such a gracefull Ornament, and therefore we will heere speake them in the due Order of Emblazon.

Conrad de Baumgarten Portoit de Sable a vne Fleur de Lys d'Argent, Couppe d'Argent a vn Chardonneret de Gueules au Premier quartier. Au Second de Gueules, a vn Oyson d'Argent en Poincte Taille d'Azur & d'Or, au Lyon de l vn en l'Autre. Triple Mezal, dont les deux Premiers sont Coronne, & le Dernier non. Cimier de Premier, vne Fleur de Lys d'Argent & sur icelle vn Chardonneret, Lambrequins d'Argent & de Gu∣eules.

Le Second Cimier est vn double Proboscide entoure de plumes de Paon, ledict Proboscide d'Or, & dedans vn Lyon de mesme. Lambrequins d'Or & d'Azur.

Le Dernier Cimier est vn Quarreau de Gueules, & sur iccluy vn Oyson plante d'Argent Lambrequins, Argent & Gueules.

Garnier Stoufacher D'Argent a vn demy Pal branchu & fueillu de Synople, a vn Aigle perce dessus de Sable. Mesal Tarre, Cimier vn Aigle de Sable. Lambrequine Argent, & Sable.

William Tell. De Gueules, au Pal d'Argent, charge de Trois Fleurs de Lys de Gueules. Mesal Tarre, & Coronne. Cimier, Grosse Aigrete d'Argent a trois Fleurs de Lys esleuees sur leur Tige de Gueules. Lambrequins Argent, & Gueules.

Arnoul de Meschtal. De Gueules, Couppe d'Argent, Au Cerftourne Rampant de l'vn en l'Autre. Mesal Tarre, & Coronne. Cimier, Cerf naissant tourne de Gueules. Lam∣brequins, Argent, & Gueules. Returne wee now againe to our Iousts and Tour∣neys.

A Famous Tourney or Tournament, perfourmed in Normandie, in the time of King Lewes the Younger, and in the Seauenth yeare of the said Kings Reigne. CHAP. VII.

FOulque, Count of Aniou, Touraine and Duke Maine and afterward King of Ierusalem, in regard of his Wife,* 6.102 who was Daughter to King Bauldwine, Second of the name (as we haue said in the Precedent Booke) maried his Eldest Sonne Geoffery, Sirnamed Plantagenet; to the daughter of the King of England, and Duke of Normandie, First of the name. This Princesse was named

Mahauld, or Maude, Sirnamed the Empresse: because before this Marriage with Plantagenet, she had bin Widdow to the Emperour Henry, Fift of the name. After the decease of Foulque in Ierusalem, Geoffrey caused a Tourney to be made, on the sandie shoare of Mount Saint Michael in Normandie, betweene the English and the Normans. At this Tournament was present on the Normans side the Count of Flan∣ders Thibault, Count of Blois, and the Count of Mortaigne Stephen, all of them being Nephewes to the King of England Henry, First of the name.

* 6.103The holders and maintainers of this Tourney, were the Normans against the Eng∣lish, who were farre fewer in number then the Normans: And this was the reason, that Count Geoffery, (with them that were his followers) tooke part with the wea∣ker side, I meane the English.

After the Tourney was begun, either side entred Pesle-mesle together. The whole Campe and the Lists resounded with the clattering of Armes, noyse of Trumpets, muttering of voyces, and neying of Horses. Yea, the Mount Saint Michael seemed to sparkle Fire, with the reuerberating and reflection of the Sunnes bright beames, transcending from an infinitie of Shields, Bouclers and Targets of the Assaylants and Defendants.* 6.104 The Tournement being well heat••d on both sides, the Ashtree-Laun∣ces flew in shiuers, and euery man being well warmed in their Armours: came to handy-strokes with their Swords, the keene edges whereof (at euery blow) made deepe entrance into their Armes and Shields. Some of them dismounting other of their opposites, when their Horses (escaping from them, and being disburdened of their Maisters) ran at free liberty about the field, hauing broken their Reines, and by no meanes were capable of staying.

Our braue Plantagenet, and Royall minded Geoffery, more furious then a Lyon, layd soundly vpon the Normans, without any dissembling, but in meere honest ear∣nest,* 6.105 and where he espied any of his followers to be distressed: thither he ran spee∣dily, dismounting many with his Launce, piercing quite through their bodies, and others feeling the slices of his Sword, were glad to leaue their rancks, falling downe on the ground without motion or life. So that the Normanes, making Retreat their best aduantage, were glad to get gon, and forsake the place.

Yet madly enraged, to be thus curstly handled, and by such an vnequall poore troupe: they challenged the English, to Combate at the vtmost extremity of life. Vpon the same spread abroad of this Tourney,* 6.106 and to be perfourmed in Normandie; among many other that resorted thither from the parts beyond the Seas, there came a Giant of immeasurable corpulence, or hugenesse of Body, and thought as strong as an other Sampson. Hee appointed himselfe to take part with the Normans, and they (securing themselues by such an vnexpected succour) set downe a setled resolu∣tion, to beare away the victory from their English enemies.

The Giant stood proudely brauing, on an high aduaunced Hillock without the Normans Camp, and with a dreadfull astonishing voyce, dared the English to Com∣bate against him: which much daunted and dismayed the small number of the Eng∣lish,* 6.107 and made them fully perswaded, that they were no way able, to contend against this huge Colossus and mountaine of flesh. But Count Geoffery perceiuing the Eng∣lishmens dismay, whom (before) hee beleeued to bee of inuincible courage: forth∣with mounted on his Horse, tooke his Launce, and offered himselfe singly to main∣taine the Combate. But the Giant, hauing a Launce that equalled a Weauers beame in bignesse, encountred the Count with such fury and Violence, as pierced quite thorow his Shield and Armour, so farre as to the effusion of Bloud. Yet sate the Count firme and vnshaken on his Horse, as a man no way to be dishartened, and welcommed the Giant with such a sound salutation; as made him measure his length on the Ground,* 6.108 so astonished with the fall, that the Count lightly leaping from his Horse, set his foote vpon him, and smote off his head: taking his Horse by the Bridle, to serue as a spoyle & Triumph of his victory, to the great disgrace of the Normans, thus bereft of the Conquest, whereof (before) they made full assurance.

This Tourney and Duello, is worthily described at large by Ioannes Monachus m••∣ioris Monasterij, in his First Booke, concerning the Life of the said Geoffery Plantage∣net, and in these words.

SVblimato Patre eius Fulcone in Hierosolymitanum Regem. Consul Gauffredus Armo∣rum exercitijs, & laudis adipiscendae operam dedit. Nonnullo tempore elapso in areno a Montis planicie à Britoni••us, & Normannis Torneamenti dies assignata est. Conueni∣unt ad Normannorum Partis subsidia Dominus Comes Flandrensis, Theobaudus Comes Blesensis, & cius frater Stephanus Mauritaniae Dominus. Hi tres Henrici Regis Anglorum erant Nepotes. Conuenit, & ipse Consul cum suis, corum multitudini numerum accres∣cens.

Stabant ex aduerso Britannorum acies armis quidem & animis strenuae, sed numero pauciores. Videns itaque Consul Andegauensis Gauffredus Brittannica cohortis imparem congressum, auulsus à multitudine, ad paucos se contulit, ipsis opem laturus: sit congressus, commiscentur acies, fit multus Armorum strepitus, sonant editui, turbae multiplicis varia vox intonat, dant Dextrales dissonos hinnitus, à Clypeis aureis Sole relucentibus, mons ipse Michaeliticus resplenduit. Animantur Viri ad certamen, franguntur hastae fraxincae, emutilantur enses, iam pede pes teritur, Vmbone repellitur Vmbo, euacuantur sellae, supinan∣tur Equites, Equi deiectis Sessoribus suis, ruptis habenis, hinniendo vagantur. Partis ad∣uersae singularis terror, Gauffredus Aduersarios impetit, huc, atque illuc discurrens suis subuenire satagit, Lanceà multos deijcit, Ense ictus ingeminans innumeros ••itâ expellit. Sequuntur Britones spem Victoriae Ducem praeuium, varia Mortium genera Aduersarijs inferentes. Instat A••degauensis Leone ferocior, instat phalanx Britannica iam de Victoriâ praesumens. Normanni siquidem immenso certamine fatigati, terga dantes fugam arripiunt, & multitudo à paucis confecta, ad Castra repedare compellitur. Normanni vero confusione inopinata deiecti, Singulare certamen Britonibus proponunt.

A transmarinis namque partibus Torneamenti famâ deducente, Miles Sansonicus gi∣gantae magnitudinis aduenerat. In cuius viribus, & audaciâ confidentes, de Victoria prae∣sumebant. De castris igitur Normannorum Hom•• ille humanitatis excedens metas progredi∣ens, stans in loco eminentiori, agminibus Britonum improperans, prouocat cos, vt Quilibet eorum Singulari congressu cum ipso decertaret.

Expalluit vultus Audientium, & Fortium robur emarcuit: Quippe verebantur singuli cum tantae enormitatis bellua Singulare inire Certamen. Intuens vero Gener Regis mag∣nanimos à natura Viros ad inusitationis inuitae Vocem, tanquam euerues, & eiulatos dis∣solui spiritu, & obiecti impatiens improperij, prosilijt in Equum, arma corripit, & spectan∣tibus vndequaque cateruis Singularem cum Giganteo Milite iniuit congressum. Fit altercatio dura, Vir etenim ille humanae virtutis modum excedens, Lanccam quasi liciato∣rium habens, Andegauensem impetit, & eius Scutum, & loricam, non sine sanguinis ef∣fusione perforat. Stat Andegauensis tanquam Equo radicatus immobilis, & Impetitorem suum Lancea transuerberans, deiecit, & deiecto desuper stans, Ense Caput abscidit. Equum vero Victi, Victrici manu deducens cum Normannorum ignominia, & suorum gloria Tro∣paeo potitus, gloriosus Victor abscedit.

Taken out of Joannes Monachus maioris Monasterii.

HIs Father Foulke being created King of Ierusalem, the Consull Geoffrey gaue him∣selfe to the exercise of Armes, and purchasing of renowne. In processe of time, there was a day of Torneament appointed by the Brittons and Normanes, vpon the Sandy plaine of the Mount. There met for the aide of the Norman party the Lord Earle of Flanders, Theobald, Earle of Bloys, and his brother Stephen Lord of Mortaigne; these three were Nephewes to Henry King of England. And the said Consull likewise came thither with his followers, augmenting the number of their Company. Right against them stood the English Army, valiant both in armes and courage, but fewer in number. Therefore the Con∣sull Geoffrie of Angiers considering the vnequall coping of the English partie; withdrew himselfe from the multitude, and ioyned himselfe with the lesser side, ready to giue them aide and assistance. The encounter is made, the Bands are ioyned together, great is the clattering of Armour, the Trumpets sound, the diuers noyses of the disordered Companies doe thunder in the ayre, the coupled Horses send forth confused neyings, the very Mount of Saint Michael did glitter with the golden Targets reflecting from the Sunne. The men are animated to the fight, their Ashen Speares are knapped in peeces, Swords are broken

in sunder, now one foote driues forward another, one Buckler repulseth another; Saddles are made empty, Horsemen cast on their backes, and the Horses (their Riders being dis∣mounted) doe runne about neying with broken raines. Geoffrey, the onely terrour of the aduerse part, setteth vpon his Aduersaries, and running hither and thither, is carefully imployed to bring succours to his Souldiers, casting many downe with his Launce, and dou∣bling blowes with his Sword, inforceth a great number to giue vp the Ghost. The Eng∣lish follow their Captaine, breaking way before them, being the very hope of their victory, giuing diuers kindes of death to their Aduersaries. Geoffrey of Angiers, more couragi∣ous then a Lyon. presseth vpon them, the Brittaine band rusheth after, presuming now of the victory. The Normans, tyred with the great conflict, turning their backes, betake themselues to flight, and the multitude, being wasted by a small number, were enforced to retyre to their Campe. But the Normans deiected with this vnlooked for confusion, pro∣pound to the English a single Combat.

There was come from the parts beyond the Seas a Sampson-like Souldiour, of a Gyant-like Stature, brought thither by the report of the Torneament, vpon whose strength and hardinesse they relying, did presume of the Victory. This man therefore (excee∣ding the ordenary condition of men) issuing out of the Norman Campe, stood in an eminent place, and vpbraiding the English troupes, challenged any one of them to cope with him in single Combat.

The countenances of all that heard him were pale, and the strength of the valiant men failed; for euery one feared to enter Combat hand to hand with a Monster of so great dis∣proportion. But the Kings Sonne in Law beholding those men, who were by nature coura∣gious, to be dishartned, euen as it were Cowards, and Recreants, at the hearing of such vn∣usuall speech, vttered in their despite; was moued in spirit, and not enduring this dis∣grace offered, mounted vpon his Horse, snatcheth his Armes, and entreth single fight with this Gyant-like Souldier, their troupes on euery side beholding them. The contention was rigorous. For that man, exceeding the measure of humaine strength, hauing a Speare as it were a Weauers Beame, assayleth Geoffrie of Angiers, and pierceth through his Shield, and Coate of Defence, not without effusion of bloud. Geoffrie stands immoue∣able, euen as it were fast rooted to his Horse, and striking his Assailant thorough with his Launce, bore him downe to the ground, and standing ouer him, smote off his head with his Sword. So hauing obtained the triumph, he led away in his victorious hand the Horse of the vanquished, and went thus away a glorious Conquerour, to the disgrace of the Normans, and the glory of his owne followers.

Thus you see what was written by this honest Monke, who deliuereth it in good tearmes,* 7.1 and liued vnder the Reigne of King Lewes, Seauenth of the name, called The Pious or Pittifull. And the same Authour informeth vs, that the same Count Geof∣frey, who was by his wife Maude the Empresse Duke of Normandie, and his descent Kings of England: tooke great delight to visite strange Prouinces and Countries, to be present in person at lousts and Tourneys.

In confinio Flandrensium, & in longe positis terris coepit Torneamenta perquirere, & laudis cupitae, & bene gestis rebus in dies emolumenta percipere.

He began to search after Torneaments in the frontiers of Flanders, and in other farre Countries, and (day by day) to receiue the benefit of desired honour by his noble ex∣ploites.

* 7.2By the narration of this learned Monke, you may vnderstand Gentlemen Readers, that these Iousts and Tournaments were neuer performed, without the losse and effusion of bloud, and some or other made but a sorrie reckoning, of being inuited to so costly a Feast, which extended oftentimes to the extremitie of life. Lanceâ multos deijcit, ense ictus ingeminans innumeros Vitâ expellit. Ouerthrew many with his Lance, and doubling blowes with his Sword, enforced a number to giue vp the Ghost.

And that they which tooke part with the Count of Aniou, were the deathsmen of a great number of Normans: onely through the spleene and mallice, which the one Nation bare euen to the other, whereon ensued the Challenges of Combat, to the extremity of life. And this gaue subiect and occasion to the Princes, the Counts of Flanders, of Blois, and of Mortaigne, to make their complaint to the King their Soueraigne Lord, Lewes Seauenth of the name, and Sirnamed the Pittifull; against

the said Count Geoffery of Aniou: that in pride and arrogancy, and because hee was Sonne in Law to the King of England Henry, First of the name,* 7.3 he ioyned himselfe in this Tourney on the Englishmens side, who were strangers, and in fauour of them, had ill entreated his vassayles and Subiects, with whose Bloud he had died Red the Lists of the same Tourney.

Vpon these Complaints, King Lewes the Seauenth tooke order for Iousts and Tourneyes, and by his Ordenance, set downe in the Register of the Court, in Iuly One thousand, one hundred, threescore and three, where it is expressely decreed: That the Barons may assist, and bee present at Iousts and Tourneys,* 7.4 which were held in the Kingdome: Only to see them, and to fit as Iudges. But if they were either Assaylants or defendants; then they should haue no other Armes then a Corslet and Helmet, a Shield without any bosse and pointe, a blunted Ashen Lance, and a Battle Axe in the same manner, without any head of Steele or of Iron.

King Phillip Augustus, Sonne and Successour to Lewes the Seauenth, confirmed the same Ordenance, forbidding any offensiue Armes in Iousts and Tourneys;* 7.5 or the Princes of the Sacred Lillies of France, should make themselues any Chiefe men or Commaunders in them, to auoyde and preuent all such perills, as formerly had happened in those Sports and Pastimes, and ordenarily chaunced in such great As∣semblyes. And it is recorded in the Court Registers, that the same Augustus, in the Moneth of May, the yeare of Grace One thousand, two hundred and nine, tooke Oath of the Lords Lewes, his eldest Sonne (who succeeded in the Kingdome after him, and was Eight of the name) and of Phillip of France, Count of Bologne,* 7.6 his youn∣gest Sonne) in feare of such perills: that (not without his leaue) they should goe to any Tourneys, in hope of any prize of Honour. But when such Triumphes were held, on after an other; They might goe to see them, and wearing no other Armes then as Knights, only with a Corslet and Helmet.

The Monke of Saint Denys in France, William de Nangis, in the Life of King Phillip the Hardy (Sonne and Successour to the King Saint Lewes) Third of the name, wri∣teth in his fiue and twentieth Chapter: That for welcomming to the Court the Prince of Salerne, Charles of Aniou, Sonne to the King of Sicilie Monsieur Charles of France, Duke of Aniou, Brother to the same King Saint Lewes; King Phillip the Hardy suffered a Tourney to be held, whereat was present one of the prime Princes of the Bloud, who thorow the weightinesse of his Armes,* 7.7 and great number of blowes re∣ceiued by the Battle-Axe, expired the fortune of his life. This happened in the yeare One thousand, two hundred, threescore and nineteene.

Mathew Paris, the Monke of Saint Albanes in England, writeth vnder the yeare, One thousand, one hundred, fourescore and foure ••e, that the King of England Richard, First of the name, appointed certaine places in his Kingdome,* 7.8 for the hold∣ing and perfourming of Iousts and Tournaments, that his Subiects might be made ready to Horsemanship, and fit for Armes, when occasions required.

Eodem Anno Rex Ricardus in Angliam transiens, statuit per loca certa Torneamenta fieri, hac fortasse inductus ratione, vt Milites Regni vtrinque concurrentes, vires suas, flexis in gyrum fraenis, experirentur: Vt si bellum aduersus Crucis inimicos, vel etiam si∣nitimos mouere decreuerit, agiliores ad praelium, & exercitatiores redderentur.

The same yeare King Richard passing ouer into England, appoynted Tornements to be held in certaine places, being induced thereunto (peraduenture) for this cause: that the Souldiers of the Realme by Iousting syde against syde, might proue their strengths, their raines turned into a carrire. That if he should decree, to make Warres against the enemies of the Crosse, or against the borderers: they might thereby be made more nimble, and better experienced for the warres.

And although these Iousts and Tourneys were performed without offensiue Armes, but only with rebated Lances, Canes and Reeds growing in Marishes, as I haue oftentimes seene in Spayne: yet notwithstanding, diuers occasions of disorder and confusion hath ensued thereby, and cost the carcking of some crownes, as wee vse by way of a Prouerbe in France, And heereupon the forenamed Monke Mat∣thew Paris recordeth, that the Kings of France & England, Phillip Augustus & Richard the First, reposing themselues some few dayes at Messina in Sicilie, before their fur∣ther

crossing ouer the Seas: A Ioust and Tourney was there held with Canes, be∣tweene the French and English, where some felt themselues a little too neere toucht and thence grew the beginning, of some grudge and discontentment betweene those two great Princes.

Hoc nimi••um inter praedictos Principes discordiae seminarium dignoscitur extitisse•• à scauoir le quel de ces deux Princes establiroit vn Roy de Hierusalem, le Roy fauo••i∣sant le Marquis de Montferrat, & le Roy d'Angleterre Guy de Luzignan, auquel il vend••l Isle de Cypre, comme nous auons dict) cuni tamen haec discordia primo apud Messanam Sicili••, primitiua, sed occulta puliulauerit, & postea per Cannarum Hastila∣dium infoelix suscepit paulatim incrementum.

This doubtlesse is knowne to be the first beginning of discord betweene the aforesaid Prin∣ces (as namely, which of these two Princes should establish a King of Ierusalem: King Phillip fauouring the Marquesse of Montferrat, and the King of England, Guye of Lusiguan, to whom he sold the Isle of Cyprus, as we haue elsewhere said) When as notwithstanding, this debate did first begin to bud at Messanna, a Citie of Sicilia, first in∣deede, yet scarce perceiued, and after (by little and little) tooke increase through that vn∣fortunate Tilting with those Cannes.

* 7.9The same Author, speaking of the Tourney which was performed by the French in the Citie of London, before the Sonne to King Phillip Augustus Monsieur Lewes of France, was receiued thereinto, and Crowned King of England, the yeare of Grace One thousand two hundred and sixteene, saith. That a number of English Knights were dismounted in the Field, and among other speciall men of marke or noate, was the Count Geoffrey de Mandeuile.

Eodem tempore exierunt ab Vrbe Londinensi Barones, cum Militibus qui de Regno Fran∣ciae nuper adu nerant, ad Equesirem Ludum, quod Hastiludium vel Torneamentum di∣citur, cum hastis tantum & lineis armatu••is) a Lances mornces, plastrons, & Gobe∣sons de toile bien picquee & cordelee, comme les Corps de cottes de femmes a l'Antique) Cumque Equos cursim agitantes, & semutuo cum Hastis ludendo percutientes (de faisoient au ••aussi••ce disent nos Anciend Romanciers) diem aliquantulum pro∣tr••xissent, quidam ex ••rancigenis, Hastam quam tenebat ludendo dirigens in Gaufridum de Mandeuille, Comitem ipsum letaliter vulnerauit. At idem Co••es Mortem su••m per••ussori, post dies paucos, in dolorem & querimoniam multor••m, moriens condo∣nauit.

The same time the Barons, with Knights who were lately come out of the Kingdome of France, went out of the Citie of London, to that Knightly sport, which is called running at Tilt or Tourney, onely with Speares, and Linnen furniture (with rebated Lances, and Quilted Armours, well plated and thickned all ouer, ••ike such bodies as women v∣sed to weare in Auncient times.) And when thus pricking forward their Horses, to run and strike at one another, by way of pastime with their Speares, they had spent some part of the da••e, a certaine Frenchman, leuelling the Speare which he held Iestingly against Geoffrie, Earle Mandeuill, gaue him a deadly wound. But the said Earle (after a few days) departing out of this life, to the great griefe and lamentation of many; did freely pardon the partie that wounded him.

* 7.10The principall care and prouidence, of such as met at these Iousts and Tourneys (which Mathew Paris calleth Hastiludia Mensae Rotundae, Exercises of the Round Table) was to sit well their Horses, to keepe themselues fast in their Saddles and Stirrops. For, if any man fell, and his Horse vpon him, at these encountrings with their Lan∣ces: lightly worse did befall him, before he could any way get forth of the Preasse. But others came to heauier fortune, their liues expyring in the place, being ••od and trampled on by others.

And yet neuerthelesse, it was the maine and principall charge of the Iudges, that they should forbid all Noble men,* 7.11 from bringing vp any nouell fashion or behaui∣our, exceeding the allowed and common rule: for containing themselues the more firmely in their Saddles, and keeping their Stirrops. Here you may reade the Sta∣tutes of the Tourneys.

Statutes made by Royall Authority, Concerning Iousts and Tourneys.

NEmo vt Equo firmius haereat, & maiore molimento co deturbetur, extraordinaria, & insolita adiumenta circumspiciat; ijsque fretus in certamen descendat; sed com∣muni modo Sellae Equestris, & Stapedum vsu contentus, per omnia, sit dexteritate ma∣gis sua, quam arte tutus.

Si quis contra haec fecerit, is Omnium incurràt Ordinum odium, & contemptum; Ar∣misque. & equo, cum phaleris & stratis eius mulctetur. The same

Ne quis vt E' quo haereat facilius, insolita & inusitata auxilia circumspiciat, sed Sella Equestri communi contentus sit, Stapedesque habeat ex more aptatos. Qui secus fecerit Equo, Armisque multetur.

Let no man (that he may sit more stedfastly on his Horse, and be dismounted with grea∣ter strength) seeke for extraordinary and vnusuall helps, and (relying vpon them) enter into Combate; but being content after the common custome, with the vse of an Horsemans Saddle and Stirrops; in all things let him defend himselfe, rather by dexterity then by subtilty.

Whosoeuer shall doe contrary to this, let him incurre the hatred and contempt of all the Orders, and be punished with losse of Armes, and Horse, with the Trappings and Furniture.

Let no man (that he may more easily keepe his Horse) search out for vnwonted and vnac∣customed helpes; but let him be content with a common Horsemans Saddle, and haue his Stirrops fitted to him according to the manner. Whosoeuer doth otherwise, let him be fined to the losse of Horse and Armour.

It was sufficient to haue a Saddle and Stirrops for the Genet or Horse,* 7.12 like to the Barbarian and Turkishe Horses. The Auncient Romaines had not any such vse of Saddle and Stirrops for their Horses, according as wee haue. For if wee would but peruse the Antiquities of Rome, with other noates of the Emperours, and Romaine Captaines for Horseback: we shall finde no vse of Saddles at all, neither any to bee put in practise, vntill the time of the Emperour Constantine, Sonne to Constantine the Great: about the yeare of Grace, Three hundred, forty and one, which we learne of the Greeke Historian Zonaras, who (throughout his whole Historie) maketh not any mention of a Saddle for a Horse; before such time as Constans, seeking to bereaue his Brother Constantine of the Empire: made head against his Army, and entring into the Squadron where himselfe was, cast him beside the Saddle of his Horse.* 7.13

Great Theodosius the Emperour, who began to reigne in the yeare of Grace Three hundred, fourescore and two, at the twelfth Booke of his Code, in the Law. Quoni∣am, de curs. Public. C. ruleth the prices or expences for Saddles and Petrelles be∣longing to Horses, rating them at a certaine summe: which if any man exceeded, his Saddle was broken in pieces and the Petrell, and surmounting the value of Threescore Pounds of Gold; were taken and confiscated to the Emperour.

The Poet telleth vs,* 7.14 that the First men which tamed the Horse (a generous Crea∣ture, and the Symbole of Warre) with Bitt and Bridle, were the Pelethronians, a Peo∣ple dwelling in Thessalie.

Frena Peletronij Lapitae, gyrosque debere Impositi Dorso, atque Equitem docuere sub Armis Insultare Solo, & gressus glomerare superbos.

But of Saddles and Stirrops, for contayning a man fast on horseback, there is no o∣ther mention made then of the Margarians. So saith Plinie in the Seauenth Booke and Fifty Six Chapter of his Naturall History. And they which interpret this verse of Horace. Ep. 14. Lib. 1.

Optat Ephippia Bos piger, aptat arare Caballus.

This word Ephippia is mistaken Grammatically, as to vnderstand therby a Saddle for the Horse; because the word (in the Greeke notion and meaning) implieth a man on Horseback, and not a Saddle.

It was reputed a common and triuiall thing, to deck or adorne a goodly Horse with a Pettrell (which the Emperour Theodosius baptized with the name of Auerta) of some Scarlet Cloth, wrought with Gold and Siluer, and Fringed with small Bels of the same brauerie, & about his eyes, the Bridle also beautified with Roses of Gold,

and Siluer, or Roundels made of the same mettall; as Mules fot pacing in the Streets are furnished, with flat Lingots of Brasse or Copper, for the seruice of Princes and great Lords: because the Poet sheweth their vse in his Seauenth Booke.

Ins••ratos Ostro Alipedes, pictisque tapetis Aurea pectoribus demissa monilia pendent.

And it was of those Pettrels and Harnesses for Horses, that the tearmes of the Law. Quoniam (before noated) were meant.

As for Stirrops, tearmed in Latine Stapedes, and Stapphiae; the auncient Romans had neuer any knowledge of them. And such among them in Rome, as were called Knights,* 7.15 Noblemen by extraction, and other beside, that made vse of Horse ser∣uice in actions of Warre: they neuer had any Stirrops, whereby to mount vpon their Beasts, but leapt vp lightly vpon their backes, without any helpe or other ad∣uantage.

Infrenant alij Currus, ac Corpora saltu Subijciunt in Equos, & strictis Ensibus adsunt.

So speaketh the Poet in his twelfth Booke: And at the same place, discoursing of Turnus, he saith

Poscit Equos, at que Arma simul, saltaque superbus Emicat.

The first and last Alphabet of Exercises, whereunto the Romaine Esquires were called,* 7.16 was to mount and leape vp lightly (both on the right and left side) of a Horse, made for the same purpose of Wood: which they vsed to doe before they were made Knights, as we learne by the Captaine Vegetius, in his Art Militarie. When they had made themselues apt & ready, for mounting and leaping vp in their Doublets; then they made a further practise thereof, being Armed at all points, accor∣ding as the courses of time should require, to gallop a liuing Horse with weapons in their hands, at all such aduantages as the enemy should assayle, in the fore, in the rere, on the right hand, or left. For to this purpose and effect, the Esquires and Mai∣sters of Managements (being named Decursores, as their Schollers were) made apt their Horses in this exercise, and men to backe and sit them.

Now, concerning such persons as were well stept into yeares, or else disaduanta∣ged by defect of health,* 7.17 who had neede of helde, and some meanes for mounting on Horsebacke, the Surueyars and Ouerseers for the High-wayes; had it as an especiall Article in their charge, in Pauing the Streetes and publique places; to set Stones vp on end, or to erect steps on either side the way, at the end of euery hundred paces, for the ease and aduantage of them as (by reason of their indisposition) could not mount on the Corde. An inuention found out (according to the saying of Plu∣tarch) by Caius Gracchus, onely to winne the good opinion of the People, and make himselfe the Torch or Firebrand of a League, furiously enraged against his Faction.

* 7.18For Shooing the feete of Horses, it is questionlesse an vndoubted maxime, that such men as could subiect and Maister the Beasts mouthes; would be as carefull and prouident for their feete, and haue them well Shod, vpon paine of being fellowes with him, ouer whom they ought to be Maisters, according to our auncient Pro∣uerbe. Be Maister of thy Horse (and of thy Wife by priority, priuiledge, and without comparison) Companion with thy Dogge, and Seruant to thy Hauke. So (for common people) their Horses were shod with Iron; but those belonging to Emperours, Prin∣ces and Queenes,* 7.19 with Gold and Siluer, according to their prodigalitie: As did Poppaea, the wife to the Monster in Nature Nero; according to the testimony of Xi∣philinus, and Plinie, in the three and thirtieth Booke, and eleauenth Chapter, of his at large described Naturall History. Hauing thus farre wandred out of the way, let vs returne againe to our Tourneys.

The same Mathew Paris (whose discourse we haue somewhat swerued from and broken, in regard of our Knight, to giue him a Cariere with his Horse) obserueth vn∣der the yeare One thousand two hundred forty and seauen, that about the Feast of Saint Martine,* 7.20 the King of England, Henry, third of the name, in fauour of his Bro∣ther by one and the same wombe, William of Lusignan Count of Valencia (whose

Armes are formerly obserued) newly created Knight by him: permitted Robert, Earle of Glocester, to celebrate a Tourney at Northampton, against the said Count Wil∣liam of Valencia, and his Associates, newly made Knights. But King Henry fearing, least some bad distribution of blowes, would happen to the Poicteuins, by the English; forbad the effecting and execution.

And the same Author reporteth, that in the year following, the same King Henry the Third, suffered a Tourney to be performed at Nebridge,* 7.21 where the Knight of Valen∣tia before named, would needes be seene in his best and manliest behauiour. But he was ouer-borne with blowes, and beaten to the ground, his Armour battered in pie∣ces, and loosing the most part of it: And was very well bumbasted, according to the Law of Iousts and Tourneys.

Willielmus vtribus imperfectus, quum impetus Militum durorum, & Martiorum susti∣nere non praeualeret, multa amisit postratus, Et egregie, vt introductiones militiae initia∣les addisceret, baculatus est.

William, being not perfect in strength, when he was not able to beare the stroakes of those sterne and warlike Assailants; being quite ouerthrowne, lost much, and was soundly basted, that he might learne the first introductions of Armes and Warfare. If then they would make no spare of a Prince, what thinke you should be done to others?

These new Knight Nouices, were thus well beaten with blowes,* 7.22 to make them remember the rules and maximes of Iousts and Tourneys. As for them of elder stan∣ding, and aunciently seene at such Exercises; if they sustained any spot or blemish in their renowne: they were dismounted from their Horses, and their Saddles set vpon the Railes or Barres, and there were they to ride, all the time as the Tourney lasted.

Si quis contra aestimationem suam, Officiumque fecisse conuictus fuerit, cum eo, non de laude, gloriaque, sed de Equo concurratur: eoque adempto, Ipse cum sella Equestri septis im∣ponatur, in eisque ad finem vsque decursionum ita perdurare cogatur.

If any shall be connicted of doing contrary to their estimation and dutie, let not any Ioust with him for honour, and renowne, but for his Horse: which being taken from him, let him be placed vpon the Railes in his Horsemans Saddle, and be inforced to sit there, euen to the end of the Tilting.

Now, because infinite other sinister accidents happened in Iousts and Tourneys, it being a place, which bad disposed persons made as a Rende-vous, there to reuenge their particular quarrels (howbeit in the first Oathe taken by the Iudges of the Field,* 7.23 of them that entred into such Assemblies, they should leaue without the Lists all spleene and rancour) and euen as boldly in such Military pastimes, as in Duelloes and Combats: These sports were also iustly prohibited and forbidden, as well by Decrees of Fathers of the Church, as Ordenances of our Most Christian Kings.

William de Nangis, a Monke of Saint Denys in France, obserueth in the Life of the King Saint Lewes, the three and fiftieth Chapter, that vnder the yeare of Grace One thousand two hundred and threescore: this good King (the Mirrour of Princes) caused a meeting to be made at the Citie of Paris, on the Sunday after E••ster day, of the Generall Estates of his Kingdome, composed of the Prelates and chiefe Ba∣rons thereof, concerning matters written to him by the Pope:* 7.24 That the Tartarres had intruded themselues into the Lands beyond the Seas, discomfiting the Sarra∣zins in a foughten Battaile, and conquered the Prouinces of Armenia, with the Ci∣ties of Antioch, Tripoly, Damas and Aleppo, threatning to besiedge the strong Citie of Acres, with the neighbouring Countries, and quite to expell the Christians out of the East.

Hereupon it was ordained, that throughout all the Kingdome, prayers and ge∣nerall Processions should be made, Blasphemers should be punished.* 7.25 And ••uery E∣state were to reforme their Feasts and Banquetings, as also the excesse and superflui∣tie vsed in their attire and garments: And Iousts and Tourneys were prohibited for the space of two whole yeares. All men being enioyned (during that time) to recreate themselues with no other exercises, then shooting in the Long-Bow and Crosse-Bow, or Tillar.

Inhibita etiam fuerunt vsque ad Biennium Torneamenta, & iniunctum est, quod non

luderetur alijs ludis, nisi quod Homines se exercerent in Arcubus, & Balistis.

Tourneaments also were inhibited for two yeares space: And it was enioyned, that none should play at any other sports, but that men should vse the exercise of Crosse-Bowes and Tillars.

* 7.26But now let vs see, what was ordained by our holy Mother the Church, in regard that Iousts and Tourneys were prosecuted with vnfortunate and Tragicall endings: as it happened at Paris, in the yeare of Grace, One thousand fiue hundred fiftie and nine.

WE forbid hereafter to keepe or hold, those detestable Fayres and Markets, which are called Tourneys, Exercises, wherein the Nobilitie are present in person at dayes appointed, to performe their ostentation of boldnesse, and vttermost meanes of strength, in all their best and richest brauery, assayling one another to their perill and danger, that men should loose both bodies and soules.* 7.27 It is therefore prouided, that if any man (in such As∣semblies) shall runne the fortune and ieoperdie of life: howsoeuer he may be penitent for it, and desire to be absolued; yet notwithstanding, he shall be depriued of buriall in hallowed ground, and places of Christian enterment.

The Popes Innocentius and Eugenius made this holy Ordenance, and it was re∣newed in the Eleauenth Generall Counsell of Laterane,* 7.28 held at Rome by Pope A∣lexander the Third, the foureteenth of the Calends of Aprill, in the yeare of Grace One thousand one hundred threescore and nineteene, in these very words:

Detestabiles illas Nundinas, vel Ferias, quas vulgo Torneamenta vocant, in quibus Mi∣lites, ex condicto, conuenire solent, & ad ostentationem virium suarum, & audaciae teme∣re congredi, Vnde Mortes Hominum, & Animarum pericula saepe proueniunt, fieri pro∣hibemus. Quod si quis eorum, Ibi mortuus fuerit, quamuis ei poscenti poenitentia non de∣negetur, Ecclesiastica tamen careat Sepultura.

We forbid those detestable Faires, and sporting dayes, which they commonly call Tourne∣ments to be kept, wherein Gallants (according to appointment made) are wont to meete, and skirmish desperately together, for the ostentation of their valour and hardinesse; from whence (many times) proceede both the death of men, and the danger of their soules. And if any of them shall dye there, although penance be not denied him, requiring it; yet he shall want Ecclesiasticall buriall.

* 7.29At the Generall Counsell of Vienna in Daulphine, Celebrated by Pope Clement, fift of the name, in the yeare of Grace, One thousand three hundred & twelue; Iousts and Tournaments were againe prohibited; and in the very same tearmes, as were obser∣ued in the former related Counsels.

Now you shall see one speciall Record, which I haue taken out of our great Chro∣nicle, and inserted here.

Enuiron la feste ••e Monsieur Sainct Denys, le Cardinal Nicolas deffendy tous les Tour∣noyemens, & tant les Tournoyans, comme les Souffrans, & Aydans, & mesmement les Princes qui en leurs Terres les souffroient il ietta graud Sentence contre Eux, & apres ce, sousmettoit leurs Terres à l'Interdict de l'Eglise. Mais apres ce, le Pape a la Requeste des Fils du Roy, & de plusieurs autres Nobles, dispenca auec Eux, parce qu'ils estoient nouuiaux Cheualiers (ils auoient este faicts Cheualiers par la Roy Philippes le Bel leur P••re en la grande Eglife de Paris, a la Feste de la Pentecoste, l'An Mille trois Cents & Treze, auecques les magnificences des Bourgeois, & Mestiers de Paris, descrites tout au long dans lesdictes Chroniques) pource que par trois Iours deuant Keresme, ils peussent ausdicts Ieux, iouer tant seulement, & non plus.

About the Feast of my Lord Saint Denys, the Cardinall Nicholas did prohibite and for∣bid all Tournaments, and as well the Tourneyers, as the Soueraignes and Ayders, and espe∣cially those Princes, in whose Lands they were permitted, by Interdiction of the Church. But after this, the Pope, at the request of the Kings Sonnes, and of many other Noble Gentlemen;* 7.30 dispenced with them, because they were newly knighted (They had bin made Knights by King Phillip le Bel their Father, in the great Church of Paris, at the Feast of Pentecoast, in the yeare One thousand three hundred and thirteene, with the magnificences of the Bourgesses and Tradesmen of Paris, described more at large in

the Chronicles.) Because that for three dayes space before Lent, they might then addict themselues to those sports and pastimes, but no longer.

We will content our selues, with so slender a flourish made vpon this discourse of Iousts and Tournaments, referring a further taske to be taken therein, by such as can bet••er enlarge the Argument, then we haue now done. We will therefore enter into another discourse.

Of Militarie Penalties, Paines and Pu∣nishments: And likewise of the Degradation of Noble-Men. CHAP. VIII.

THE Greeke Poet Homer (whom diuine Plato calleth The Father of Science,* 7.31 and of all Vertue) feigneth with a comely and pleasing grace: that the Goddesse Thetis, being deliuered of her Sonne Achilles, did suddenly dip or plunge his naked body into the Riuer of Stix, thereby to m••ke him inuulnera∣ble, and not to be hurt by any wound. Afterward, she solli∣cited Iupiter, King of the Gods and Men, to auert and turne from her Son, those destenied harmes or euils, which might threaten death to him in any high enterprise.

Now, to speake more properly, this is the module and carracter of a Knight,* 7.32 or man that addicteth himselfe to Armes and Wars, who euen from his tender youth and yongest yeares, should custome and inure himselfe, to beare and endure all di∣stempers and oppressions, whereto the season•• of the yeare are subiect and harden or make bold his body, to the exercises of paine and trauaile: In imitation of the auncient French and Gaules, whose naturall disposition is, described by the Latin Po∣et, in the ninth Booke of his Aeneieds.

Durum à stirpe genus. Natos ad Flumina primum Deferri••us, saeuoque gelu duramus, & vndis Venatu inuigilant Pu••ri, Sylu••sque fatig••nt, Fic••tere ludus Equos, & Spicula tendere co••u.

And like as for entring into the Temple of Honor,* 7.33 a man ought first to passe tho∣row that of Vertue: euen so a yong Gentleman should make Vertue the onely ob∣iect, bent and aime of all his actions, to the end, that by meanes thereof, he may attaine to the Temple of Honor, for the conseruation whereof, he ought to be a thou∣sand times more carefull, then of his owne life.

When the Goddesse Thetis bathed her yong Paladine in the Riuer of Stix; shee plunged in all his body, onely the soales of his feete excepted, whereby she he••d him. Onely by that part was he wounded and slaine,* 7.34 in the Temple of the Citie of Troy, by an Arrow sent from the Bowe of Alexander Paris (the most effeminate Coward, and idlest lazie yongster in all the Troyans Armie) as he was denoutly knee∣ling vpon his knees, to espouse the faire Polixen••: of whom he was in such sort en∣amoured, ••hat (for her sake) he exposed himselfe to the rage and furie of his deadly enemies.

T•• s••le of the ••oo••, is the most tender and daintie part of a mans whole bo∣dy. Adde hereunto Polixen••; and dast••rdly Paris, which are the Symboles and true Idiomes of voluptuous d••sire, and a sloathfull n••gligent eye, that misguide many braue 〈◊〉〈◊〉 and Souldiours, e••en to the height of all misfortunes, and then to a wo•• 〈◊〉〈◊〉 fa••ous endilig•• is may serue as a good Lesson, to you that are braue and g••nerous French Noblemen, to turne your backes on the common high

roade way of Vice, and to pursue the faire foote-steps of Vertue, by qualifying in your selues all vnruly passions, for your sooner arriuing at the Theator of Honour. Whereunto you may be conducted,* 7.35 by that great Captaine Scipio Affricanus, who soundeth in your eares night and day, euening and morning, yea, and at all houres, this goodly Lesson in fiue Latine words, more excellent and better then that of King Lewes the eleauenth of the name, which he caused to be taught to King Charles the eight, his Sonne and Successour.

Maxima cunctarum Victoria, Victa Voluptas.

By this Victory ouer your selues, taming and tutoring your owne passions, you will soone come to honor. Whereas contrariwise, if you suffer your selues to be sur∣mounted by wanton pleasures, like to the Beast Matreas, that deuoureth her owne selfe; you will make a most lamentable and vnfortunate ending.

Now, as for the honoring of Noblemen, Kings inuented prizes and recompences of Honor and worth: so likewise, to bridle & restaine them, as breathing them in the wayes of Vertue, they deuised and made Militatie Ordenances, to take beginning from the time, when they were enroled for the managing of Armes, for seruice of the King,* 7.36 & Sacred Crown of the Lillies, euen to the ending of their liues, by a ciuill death in their own persons, with ignominie, transmittable to their Sons, because they were not onely depriued, of the memory and Honors of their Fathers, transcribed in the Red or Bloody Booke: but also by confiscation of their Goods, if they were sea∣ted and dwelt in Countries subiect to confiscation, in regard that there is a difference betweene those that are subiect to confiscation, and such as are not subiect thereto.

Those Countries and Prouinces, which stood subiected to Confiscation, were properly them of the Kings demaine, and Lands belonging to the Sacred Crowne of France,* 7.37 as dependine thereon immediately, and returning thither againe (as to their head and spring) as well by the crime of Fealonie, as other cases likewise which deserued an infamous kinde of death. In whatsoeuer part of the Kingdome, those goods af demaine and Royall Patrimony were seated, consisting of the Crowne, or aduanced into a Peeredome and high Baronnie; if there were no substitution made, before the Prince had giuen the honor and title of Excellencie and honor, then they were liable thereto.

In Prouinces, which neuer (before in times past) were immediately of the Royall demaine,* 7.38 as in the Dukedomes and Prouinces of Bretaigne, Aquitaine and the like, ruled and gouerned by perticular Dukes, and onely with charge and reseruation of liedge Homage, and cases thereupon depending. In those Prouinces our most Sacred Monarches, by wise Counsell and admirable foresight, admitted no place for confiscation. Because the Subiects and Seruants of these great Fifes and Baronnies had bin constrained (at all times) to follow their Lords and Rulers in Warres, al∣though the warre were made against the King, their Prince and Soueraigne Lord. And thence it came that the Court, in sentences of condemnation of ciuile death, on them conuicted of the crime,* 7.39 be they Nobles, or Yeomen, the tearmes of confisca∣tion to the King is added thereto, of such inheritances as are in the places of Confis∣cation. Which neuerthelesse might extend it selfe, throughout all Lands and Seig∣neuries vnder obedience to our Kings, if there were not a custome to the contrary, which ought to be held as a certain and infallible Law, and as a Law tollerated by the Prince, vntill such time, as it shall be reformed by his Prerogatiue & Authority.

* 7.40In France there are Royall Ordenances for the Estate Militarie, and prescibed to the Nobility, whose principall function is to follow Armes.

He that is wanting at his faction, being of the Guard, and is to come ouer late, de∣serueth Le Morrion de Dix en bas.

If he offend in the same againe; he is to be imprisoned three dayes, and persisting on still, to be fined according to the exigence of the case.

* 7.41If he commit any Theft in the Corps du Guard: to be punished with the Strapp••d••, and casheered from the Company, in the most eminent part whereof, he is to raceiue this exemplary punishment.

If he commit Theft any where else, that deserueth death; he is to be hanged and strangled before the whole Company:

If he set Houses on fire, force, or offer, violence to any Maides or Women: he is to vndergoe the same punishment.

If he lay hand on his Sword in the Corps du Garde, against any Commander, or member of the Company: He is to haue the Strappado, and to be Bastinadoed through the Campe, and afterward excluded. These are the paines and penalties provided for Souldiours.

Now, concerning Gouernours, and Captaines of Places and of Companies:* 7.42 If any of them doe suffer him else to be surprized by the enemie, or flye from the Bat∣taile, or surrender the place of his Gouernement, by Cowardise and negligence of courage, or else by intelligence: The greatest honor that he can hope for, is to loose his head vpon a publique Scaffold. Or, a paine much more cruell, to let him goe with his life saued; after he hath bin degraded of Nobilitie, and proclaimed a Trai∣tour▪ and he and his posteritie Peazants.

According as it fortuned to Captaine Franget, Gouernour of Fontarabie, which cowardly he surrendred to the enemy, in the time of King Frances the first, the yeare of Grace One thousand fiue hundred and fourescore.* 7.43 Sentence and Judgement was giuen by the Officers of the Crowne, the Constable and Marshals of France in the Citie of Lyons. This Franget being brought into the great Market place of the Ci∣tie, was mounted vpon a Scaffold, quite disarmed, his Shield emblazoned with the heeles of the Armes vpward, and then broken by the King of Armes, he publique∣ly baptized with the name of Traitor, then dragged by the feete, and throwne quite downe from off the high Scaffold: his life saued, in regard of his many yeares. But degraded of Nobilitie, he and all his posteritie published to be Villaines, and vnca∣pable (for euer after) to be••re Armes. Which was done vnto him vpon good and iust cause, for where negligence and cowardise in courage is so euident, that i•• standeth cleare from all apparance of excuse: it is proofe sufficient of perfidie, treason and villainie, which rightly deserueth paine and exemplarie punish∣ment.

Our graue Auncients, the Gaules and French, exemplarly punished their Souldi∣ours, that by cowardise in Couruge, fled from before the enemy,* 7.44 instead of standing manfully to the fight. To couer (for euer) their shame and turpitude, they drowned them in some stinking pit of pudled water, hurling clay and filth vpon them. Igna∣uos, Imbelles, & Torpore infames, Coeno, ac Palude, inicita, desuper Crate, mergunt. So speaketh Tacitus in his Germania.

And as for them that (by intelligence and treason) had conference with the ene∣mie, discouering the secrets of the Armie,* 7.45 and rancked themselues with the contrary side: if they could be taken, they were branched aloft and below on Trees, saith the same Tacitus. Proditores, & Transfugas Arboribus suspendunt.

If any Captaine betrayed his Countrey, or troubled the peace and tranquilitie thereof, by Factions and Partialities: he was burned aliue,* 7.46 according to the testi∣mony of Iulius Caesar, in the first Booke of his Memories of the Ganlish warres, speak∣ing of Orgetorix. Moribus suis Orgetorigem, ex vinculis causam dicere coegerunt, dam∣natum poenam sequi oportebat, Vt Igni Cremaretur Come we now to such Militarie penalties, paines and punishments, as were in practise among the Romans.

The rigour and seueritie vsed by them, euen for the smallest faults among their men of warre: made their State more mightie,* 7.47 and of longer continuance then all the other in the world. Such Souldiours as (by lacke of courage) had left their ranckes, their Guard, or place of Sentinell, for feare of looking the enemy in the face: It was their meanest infliction (and yet neuerthelesse full of shame and disgrace) to be let bloud in diuers parts of their bodies, to take thence the crauen cowardly bloud, which had infected the whole masse of flesh, so to make them the more coura∣gious and full of spirit. And vntill by some act of noate and worth, they had redee∣med this taxation of rowardise; they were left to themselues in a Quarter a side, to be daily gazde on with shame and disgrace. Which blemish, if they neuer recoue∣red, and became established in their ranke of reputation: they neuer had any part or portion whatsoeuer, in the spoyles which other Souldiours made on the enemy ei∣ther in the surprizall of Townes and strong places, or in the ranged Battaile.

* 7.48In which case, so soone as the Generall of the Army had animated his Souldiors, with this forme and manner of speaking; Gloriae, Pariterque Praedae Consulite: all was Pillage. Such as bare Armes, passed by the edge of the Sword: the common vulgar sort were sold as slaues (for euer) in open markets; and the rest were left to the Souldiours discretion, Maides and Wiues, all past with their losse of honour. Sacra, Prophana simul (without any exception) Puberibus trucidatis, vmbelle Vulgus sub Corona venum datum; reliqua praeda Victoribus cedebat. Cowards and Crauens were frustrated of this Pilladge.

* 7.49The same punishment of Bloud-letting, was exercised on such Souldiours as were rash and desperately light-headed in skirmishes, their bloud boyling ouer-hotly: to take away this wilde behauiour from them, it was thought fit to let them bleede; because they did not onely expose themselues to perils and dangers, without any reason or iudgement; but likewise were the ouer-throw of many other beside.

Sometimes they had Barley-Bread giuen them, for their best prouision, like as to the Rascalitie of Campe-following Boyes: As it is obserued by Aulus Gellius, in the tenth Booke and second Chapter of his Atticke-Nights. Or else they were com∣manded out of the Campe; to abide and lodge there, without any couertures or Tents whatsoeuer, but left to the iniuries of all weathers.

Cornelius Tacitus, in the thirteenth Booke of his Annales, speaking of the Gene∣rall Corbulo,* 7.50 Gouernour of Syria, who had prohibited his Captaine of the Vantguard Pactius Orphitus, to meddle with the enemy: yet notwithstanding, he fought against him to his disaduantage, against all hope or expectation; saith he. Congressus cum Hoste funditur. Et damno eius exterriti qui subsidium ferre debuerunt, su•• quisque in Castro trepida fuga rediere. Quod grauiter C••rbulo accepit. Increpitumque Pactium, & Praefectos, Militesque Tendere omnes extra Vallum iussit. Inque ea contumelia detenti, nec nisi precibus Vniuersi Exercitus ex soluti sunt.

Any Soldiour that forsooke the Campe; in going from his Ensigne or Colours, he was to be punished with death, without all hope of mercie or pardon. Tacitus in the former obserued passage,* 7.51 saith. Quia duritiam Coeli, Militiaeque multi abnuebant, deserebantque remedium seueritate quaesitum est. Nec enim, vt in alijs Exercitibus pri∣mum alterum-ve delictum venia prosequebatur: Sed Qui Signa Reliquerat, Statim Ca∣pite Poenas Luebat. Although he lay frozen to the ground, yet it was not permitted to any Souldiour, to abandon or leaue the Campe: neither could he dispence with himselfe, to goe a forradging at his owne pleasure, nor to fetch wood, though he were ready to die with cold. Annotatusque Miles qui fascem lignorum gestabat, ita praeriguisse Manus, vt oneri adhaerentes, truncis Brachijs deciderent.

* 7.52He that for the speedier sauing himselfe from the Warre, threw away any part of his Armes on the ground, or engaged or sold them; was punished with death; So doth the Ciuile Lawyer Modestinus enforme vs, vnder the Title De re Militari.

He that did steale any thing in the Campe or Armie, his right hand was cut off, that had bin the instrument in the action: but for the first time of offending that way, he had a Veine opened,* 7.53 to bleede. So saith Frontinus in his Stratagems of Warre, the fourth Booke. Marcus Cato memoriae prodidit, in furto comprehensis, inter Com∣militones, Dextras esse Praecisas, aut silentus animaduertere voluissent, In principijs San∣guinem missum.

* 7.54And afterward vnder the Romaine Emperours, such Soldiours as were attainted and conuicted of Theft, were beaten naked with Roddes: Ita vt inter verbera, & fustes expirarent. So saith the Ciuile Lawyer Modestinus D. de re Militari.

Such Villaines as forced or violated the Wiues of their Hosts, were punished and chastised in a strange manner, worthily answering to their wickednesse. Two Trees were cleft thorow the midst, and their tops bended downe to the ground by maine strength of men:* 7.55 then was the Malefactour fastened thereto by the Feete, and so quartered by force and violence of the Trees in returning vp to their height a∣gaine. Militem, qui Adulterium cum Hospitis vxore commisserat, ita puniuit, vt duarum Arborum capita inflecteret, quas ad Pedes Militis deligaret, easdemque subito dimittere••, vt scissus ••lle, vtrique penderet. So speaketh Flauius Vopiscus, in the life of the Empe∣rour

Aurelianus. This punishment had bin long time put in practise by the Greekes, and Plutarch, in the life of Alexander the great, tearmeth this punishment by the name of Diasphendon.

The Ordenances of our Sacred Monarches,* 7.56 punished all furious and violent acts with exemplarie paines and torments: prohibiting the haunt and resort of Girles and Whoores into their Armies. Whereon followed the Militarie Lawes, which were made for ryding the Mal-Mouton (which at this present we tearme ri∣ding the Canon) as is obserued by Nicetas, in the life of the Greeke Emperour Au∣dronicus Poleologus, speaking of a bold and shamelesse Wench; Euphrosina Arieti moenia percutienti, equitantis instar imposita fuit. The Auncient French caused the Nose to be slit, or cut off, and to be led starke naked through all the quarters of the Armie, of all such Souldiours as were found coupled with any of them. Ligu∣rinus.

Non erit in nostris nobiscum Foemina Castris, Qui Reus extiterit Spolijs nudatus abibit Turp••ter; & Naso mutilabitur illa resecto.

And by this slitting of their Noses, they were made knowne to other for exam∣ple. As much they did in former times to Whoores and Adulterers,* 7.57 being found and apprehended in the act.

Deiphobu•• vidit lacerum crudeliter ora: Ora, manusque ambas, populataque tempora raptis Auribus, & Truncas, inhonesto vulnere, Nares.

They vsed to cut off their Noses and Eares, but perticularly the Nose, which the Poet (very aptly) tearmed Vulnus inhonestum, because by this cutting away the Nose, it made such a deformity in the face, as it seemed no longer the face of a reasonable creature.

Among the Romaines, those that they called Filles & Femmes de ioye, presented themselues to the Pretor, before they declared, what estate and prosession of life they had made election of, and then withdrew themselues to the Act: it being noated downe likewise in the Pretors Table. After this election made of such a brutish and dissolute kinde of life; they were expressely charged and forbidden, to be present or seene in any publique Assemblies, or to ranke themselues among the Romaine Ma∣trons. From whom those Courtezans were distinguished,* 7.58 by a Red Locke or dres∣sing of a Cowes Haire, which those Mistresses of the common gender were bound to weare; whereas the Romaine Ladies ware their dressing Blacke.

And so the Latine Poet,* 7.59 giuing this name of Strumpet to Dido the Queene of Carthage, who to couer her fault (hauing forfeited her honor) with the faire name of Marriage: Coniugij nomine culpam praetexerat; saith, that shee was Red-Haired.

Nondum illi Flauum Proserpina Vertice Crinen Abstulerat.

And Inuenal, in his sixt Satyre, describing the goodly prankes of that impudent and immodest Empresse, the Mother to Britannicus, the Romaines delicate peece.

.. .. .. .. .. .. Titulum mentita Lyciscae Ostenditque tuum generose Britannice ventrem:

Affirmeth, that she attired her head with a Periwig of Red Haire, couering there∣with her modest blacke attire, when (all the night long) she wandred from Stewes to Stewes, to satisfie her lustfull appetite.

Et Nigrum Flauo Crinen abscondente Galero.

Very rarely was to be found in the Romaines Campe, any such wanton darlings,* 7.60 as now we are speaking of. Castra Romanorum ita diceb••ntur, quasi Casta: they were ne∣uer soyled or polluted with any Villainie. But let vs leaue Venus, and come to Mars.

When the Captaines would chastise gently such Souldiours, as (thorow defect of courage) had plaid the Cowards, fors••king their Ranckes and Files of Battaile;* 7.61 they vsed the fashion of the Persians, which was, to make them walke all the quarters

of the Armie, carying a dead Cow on their Shoulders, and leading a Whore by the hand, naked in their Shirts and Smocks.

Or else they were attyred like women, and in that manner led through all the quarters of the Campe and Armie. This was put in practise by Iulian the Apostata, and (before him) by the Emperour Constantine, according to the testimony of the Historian Zozimus in his third Booke. Amictos veste Muliebri per Castra duxit, ratus Militibus, qui Viri essent, eam Poenam, morte grauiorem futuram.

* 7.62Which the Greekes also (before the Romaines) exercised, vpon such Souldiours as wanted courage: for three seuerall dayes together, they would bring them into a publique market place, attired in the garments of Women.

Among the Lacedemonians, they were exiled and banished out of all Companies, being reputed vncapable and vnworthy, to beare any publique charge or Office. And although they were of yeares fitting for mariage, yet through the rigour of the Law ordayned by Solon:* 7.63 there could not bee found a woman to marry with any of them, because they hated to haue a Sonne, infected with the Cowardise of such a Father.

Moreouer, permission was graunted to all commers and goers, to smite and beate them as they met them on the wayes, and they not daring to make answere, to any iniurious speeches vsed against them,* 7.64 or to complaine of any outrages done vnto them; all matter of suite & Iustice was vtterly denied them. They went in poore and greazie garment, their beards close shauen, and without any Mustachoe, which was the marke of a valiant Soldiour. This we learne of Plutarch in his Liues, and name∣ly in that of Agesilaus.

* 7.65Quintus Fabius Maximus, the most moderate man of all the Auncient Romaine Captaines and Commanders, caused the hands of his Souldiours to be cut off, that left their Armes and Colours: This we learne of Valerius Maximus, in his Anti∣quities; of Appianus Alexandrinus; and of Iulius Frontinus in his Stratagems of Warre, the first Chapter of his fourth Booke: Iulius Celsus, in the eight Booke of his Memories of the Gaules Wars, written by Iulius Caesar, who exercised the same seueri∣ty at the Siedge of Vxoleu in Guienne.

Sometimes change of Military discipline was vsed, to Soldiours failing in their Dutie.* 7.66 That is to say, Seruitours on Horse backe, were reduced into the ranckes of them that s••rued on Foote; and the Fantassins retreated to the degree of Bisogni∣ans and simplest Souldiours, which were they that vsed to carry Stones and luggage in the Armies: As it is obserued by the Lawyer Modestinus, throughout the title De re Militare. And Valerius Maximus reporteth an example in the second Booke of his Antiquities, of certaine Romaine Soldiours, that suffred themselues to be taken by Pyrrhus, King of the Epirotes. Decreuerunt Patres, vt ex ijs qui Equo meruerant, Peditum numero militarent; & qui Pedites fuerant, in Funditorum auxilia transcrerentur. They placed them with the base Groomes and Campe-Boyes, that guarded the Baggage, and tended on the Prisoners taken in Warre.

* 7.67In like manner Iulian the Apostata (who in his time, would needes reestablish, and bring againe into practise, the rigorous Lawes of Military discipline of the Auncient Romaines, as well as their Idolatry) Equites Quartae Sagittariorum Cohortis omnes con∣trusit in infimum Militiae gradum. So speaketh his Secretary Ammianus Marcellinus, in his nine and twentieth Booke. And in his fiue and twentieth Booke: Tertianorum Equestrem numerum, ademptis Signis, Hastisque diffractis, inter Impedimenta, & Sar∣cinas, & Captiuos agere iter imposuit. The same Historian writeth, that this Iulian the Apostata condemned ten Soldiours (that insted of firme fighting on foote, had turned their backes vpon the Parthians) to be first degraded, and afterward executed to death: According to the auncient Lawes.

* 7.68If the Ensigne or Banner of a Company or Legion, was wonne by the enemy, through the negligence and faint-heartednesse of the Chiefes, Sergeants and Cor∣porals of the Squadron: those Souldiours were presently disarmed, and punished with death before the other Officers: Titus Liuius in his second Booke, maketh the Consull Appius to speake in this manner. Vbi Arma, vbi Signa essent singulis r••gi∣tans, inermes Milites, Signo amisso, Signiferos, Virgis caesos, Securipercussit. He caused

all their Heads to be smitten off, after they had bin first well beaten and whipt naked with Roddes.

If a Captaine had transgressed, or contemned the Generals command;* 7.69 it valued his life, as being certaine to loose his head. Tacitus, in the foureteenth Booke of his Annales, saith. Poenius Posthumus Praefectus Castrorum secundae Legionis, cognitis Quartadecimanorum, Vicesimanor umque Prosperis rebus, quia pari gloriâ Legionem suam fraudauerat, admieratque contra ritum Militiae Iussa Ducis, Seipsum gladio transegit. He killed himselfe with his owne Sword, to auoide the shame of an exemplary death, most certaine and assured for Captaines of Bands, that were disobedient to their Generall. So the Consul Appius in Titus Liuius, at the passage before alleadged, Centuriones Duplicariosque qui reliquerant Ordines, ad Palum deligatos, Virgisque caesos; Securi percussit.

Before they were put to death, they had their bodies tornes with stripes;* 7.70 so we learne of Polybius in his Politickes. And for cutting off the Head, the custome vsed among the Romans, was to make a pit in the ground, whereinto the guiltie off••nder descended, and there was his head smitten off, standing vpright, and not kneeling on his knees: as Tacitus noateth in the fifteenth Booke of his Annales, speaking concer∣ning the death of the Tribune Seuerius Flauius.

Such as were the Authours of any vproare, riot or sedition in the Campe; were brought before the Generall of the Armie, his Lieutenant,* 7.71 or some one of the Tri∣bunes, who ascending vp on the Tribunall, summoned the Soldiours to an Oration; and after the accused persons were heard to speake in their own defences, and found to be faultie: the Tribune smote them with the end of his riding Wand, or with a Rod made of the Vine Swiches. Which being thus done, the whole multitude of the Souldiours fell furiously on those Mutiners, whom they wounded and smote with Stones and Staues, vntill they left them starke dead on the ground. This is auouched by the Roman, Cornelius Tacitus in his Annales. Stabant Legiones pro Con∣cione, districtis gladys. Reus in suggestuper Tribunum ostendebatur, si Nocentem adclama∣uerant, praeceps datus trucidebatur; & gaudtbat caedibus Miles, tanquam semet absol∣ueret.

Quintus Curtius, in the Life of Alexander the Great, the sixt Booke;* 7.72 and Arria∣nus vpon the same subiect, writing of such Mutiners, say, that they were beaten down with Staues and Stones. Omnes à Nichomachanominati, more patrio, dato signa, Saxis obruti sunt. Such was the custome among the Greekes, wherein the Macedonians also were pertakers. And, with the same kinde of vengeance the Greekes punished Trai∣tours, that fell off, and tooke part with the enemy. Proditores, Signorumque Deserto∣res Saxis obruebantur, so say the same Historians.

The Auncient Romaines drew them in pieces with foure Horses,* 7.73 as Titus Liuius telleth vs in his History, speaking of Metius Suffetius; and the Amorous Poet.

Sic doluit Metius, tunc cum in contraria versos, Vltores habuit proditionis Equos,

Scipio the Affrican, called the Great, hauing subdued the Citie of Carthage; faste∣ned all the Romaine Soldiours found therein, to Crosses with foure Nayles. And as for the Latine Auxiliaries, he commanded all their heads to be smitten off; because both the one and other, had rancked themselues with the contrary side.

The other Scipio commanded such offenders, to haue their bodies torne with Whippes in sight of the people. And as an ordenary kinde of punishment,* 7.74 af∣ter they had bin whipt naked with Roddes; they were throwne downe from the Tarpeian Rocke. Which kinde of death, the wise Seneca gaue a proper name vnto, tearming it, Militare Supplicium; in his first Booke of Anger, and the sixt Chapter.

If any Cohort or Legion (through cowardise of courage) fled from before the enemy, or else grew into mutinie, to make it selfe a Band apart:* 7.75 the rigour obser∣ued by the auncient Romans was such, that they all perished by the Sword. Legio vni∣uersa quae Rhegium occupauerat, obsessa, deditione factâ, Securi percussa est, saith Titus Li∣uius in his fifteenth Booke.

Among the Romaines, Soldiours grew fit for enroulement, when they had attained

to the Age of seauenteene yeares.* 7.76 Before, to gaine the faire title of Exempt, they were bound to make faction during sixteene yeares, and to remaine foure other yeares in the Campe, exempted from the labours of Warre, which extended to all extremity. So that at the end of twentie yeares, they then enioyed all exemp∣tions: to be licensed, and recompenced with Lands and Seigneuries for them and their posterity: So saith Aulus Gellius, in the eighteenth Chapter of his Atticke Nights. These distributions of Lands and Seigneuries, giuen to the Veterans, that is to say, to the old Soldiours, exempted from the Souldiours Cassocke (as we say at Paris) were ordered and stiled by diuers names: as namely Parishes, decimated Fields, by the Noble Historian Tacitus called Agri Decumates, and Lands of Lot or deuision, as we haue formerly obseru••d in the discourse of our Salique Lawes. So the Poet noateth for the fruite of the Ciuill warre, that the grounds and Lands of Cremona, were distributed to the old Soldiours, who had warred for Augustus, a∣gainst the Chiefe pertakers Antonius and Lepidus. And those Lands being not sufficient to recompence the Veteranes; Mantua (his owne Countrey) serued as a supplement of succour, and was annexed to Cremona by right of neighbour∣hood.

Mantua vae miserae nimium Vicina Cremonae.

* 7.77Now, these old Soldiours being Licentiats; all the rest of their life time enioyed Military Honors and Priuiledges, hauing (before their retreate) Letters Patents giu∣en them of Ennobling by the Emperor, to testifie what good Seruices they had done for the Common-wealth.

The Infamous Mission, was when the Casheere was giuen to Legions and Co∣hortes Ob male nauatam operam, for hauing carried themselues cowardly in the Warre.* 7.78 And to such Casheerde Companies command was giuen, to beare no more Armes vpon paine of death: And if they were Horsemen, neuer to mount on Horsebacke againe. The Emperour Galba comming to the Empire, by the death of the impious and wicked Nero: decimated the Praetorian Guards, casheered a part of them, and made Foote-Soldiours of Horsemen. The Horse belonging to one of those Knights, followed (step by step) after his dismounted Maister, and would not leaue him, to serue any other. The Maister gaue him a stroake with his Sword, and afterward wounded himselfe cruelly, so that the Horse and Maister dy∣ed both together.

* 7.79There was yet another punishment vnder the Romaine Emperours, ordained for Traitors; which was with Fire, burning them aliue: As we learne by the Law, Si quis aliquid, at the first Paragraph De Poenis, at the Digest, and in the Law Proditores. D. de re Militari.

* 7.80And as for Decimation, it was two cruel and extreame a rigor, to cut the throates of a whole Legion, which consisted (as we haue said in the first Booke of Offi∣cers, belonging to the Crowne of France) of fiue thousand and sixe hundred Foote-Soldiours, and three hundred men on Horse-backe. And yet neuerthe∣lesse, wee haue obserued the exemption thereof, in that Armie of Thebes, vnder the Order of Gall.

* 7.81The very mildest course was that of Decimation, that is to say, when one Soul∣diour was taken out of ten (as it fell to his Lot) and so put to death: when of∣tentimes the Lot lighted on the innocent, who yet notwithstanding, passed the Pikes, as Tacitus affirmeth in his Annales, the foureteenth Booke. At quidem insontes peribunt? Nam ex fuso Exercitu, cum Decimus quisque Fuste feritur, etia•• Strem sortiuntur. Habet aliquid ex iniquo omne malum exemplum, quod contra sing••∣los, vtilitate publica rependitur. And so in Titus Liuius, the Consull Appius caused the heads to be cut off, of Captaines and principall members in the Romaine Armie, and Decimated the Companies of Soldiours. Caetera multitudo Sorte Decimus quis∣que ad Supplicium Lecti.

* 7.82Vulgar and common it was, that in the Campe of the Romaines there were two Gates or Doores, the one called Praetorian, and the other Decumane, which was that whereby the Souldiours came forth, after they had bin Decimated before the Praetor, in the Tent or Pauillion of the Generall of the Armie, Ante Principia, where

were kept the Military Banners and Ensignes. They were drawne violently out of the Campe, by this Gate Decumane, and on the bancke of a ditch had their heads smitten off. Polybius, in the sixt Booke of his Pollitickes, baptiseth this Decimati∣on with the Greeke name 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 howbeit oftentimes by way of commiseration, they came to Decimate the twentieth Souldiour, and sometimes the hundred man.

Appius Claudius, was the first Generall of the Romaine Armie, that did first put in execution so cruell and bloudy an Ordenation. For, as concerning the Greekes,* 7.83 it is very vncertaine who was the first Inuenter. We vnderstand indeede by Seneca, in the twentieth Chapter of his third Booke of Anger, that the King of the Persians Cambyses conducting an Armie, was brought to such extreamitie through want of Victuals: that he was enforced to Decimate the Soldiours, who should haue foode, and leaue the rest hunger-starued to the death.

The Romaine Emperours haue made proofe too often of this cruell punishment: As did Augustus, by the report of Suetonius in his Life, the foure and twentieth Chapter: Cohortes, si que cescissent loco Decimatas Ordeo pauit.* 7.84 Centuriones statione deserta, itidem vt Manipulares Capitali animaduersione puniuit; pro cetero delictorum genere varijs ignominijs affecit; vt Stare per totum diem iuberet ante Praetorium, inter∣dum Tunicatos, Distinctosque, &c.

By Caius, the Noble Historian Tacitus, in the third Booke of his Annales saith: Decimum quemque ignominiosa Cohortis Sorte Ductos fuste necat.

By Galba, the same Author in the first Booke of his Histories, saith. Horror ani∣mum subit, quoties recordor ••eralem interitum, & hanc solam Galbae Victoriam cum in ocu∣lis Vrbis, Decumari deditos iuberet, quos deprecantes in Fidem acceperac.

Valerius Maximus, in the second Booke and second Chapter of his Antiquities,* 7.85 obserueth the Historie of Titus, Maister of the Romaine Horsemen (vnder the Con∣sull Piso) who suffering himselfe to be inuested, surprized, and shut vp in Sicilie by the Fugitiues, to whom he cowardly deliuered vp his Armes: was iustly sentenced with this punishment.

Eum Consul Toga lacinijs abscissis amictum, Distinctaque Tunica indutum, Nudis pedibus à Mane Noctem vsque, Ad Principia per omne tempus Militiae adesse inssit.* 7.86 It was not enough to haue his life saued, because it was couered with all shame and ig∣nominie, farre worse to be endured then a thousand deaths: but he must be exclu∣ded out of the Trench and Rampier, without any Tent or Pauillion, exposed to the iniuries of all times, and haue for nourishment nothing else but Barley Bread onely.

To be left without Garment, and in a Cassocke onely, was (among the Romans) a noate of infamie, and the marke or Symbole, of being bereft both of goods and ho∣nor. Summum dedecus Toga priuari apud.

Romanos rerum Dominos, gentemque t••gatam.

Because, before pronouncing the sentence of ciuill death, against a man accused of any crime: He that gouerned or presided in the Counsell, after he had balo••ted the Iudges opinions, and counted the most voyces concluding on death; if he were a Senatour, he was despoyled of his Scarlet Roabe, and the Sentence pronounced, In Laticlauio. If he were a Knight, or a Plebeian; then of his Cassocke.* 7.87 This Cere∣monie of taking away the Roabe, or the Cloake or Cassocke by verdict of the Iudge, was the Preiudication or fore-iudgement, of losse of life and goods which fell to the Exchecker, if the partie accused died not before the sentence of death was pronounced. In which case, during the continuance of the Roman Common-wealth, Confiscation had no power, no more then vnder the State of the Emperors, for such as either by their command, or else in regard of feare, imposed death vpon them∣selues; saued their goods to their posteritie. Which Tacitus called Praemium festi∣nata Mortis, and (by his custome and phrase) written Pretium festinandi.

We learne further concerning this auncient obseruation, from the same Valerius Maximus, in the ninth Booke and twelfth Chapter of his Antiquities,* 7.88 speaking of the death of Caius Licinius Macer, a learned Roman Ciuill Lawyer, accused of con∣cession

or priuie extortion, in which action presided Cicero the Oratour, in these words.

Caius Licinius Macer vir Pratorius, Calui Pater, repetundarum reus, dum Sententia di∣riberentur, in Menianum conscendit: Siquidem cum Marcum Ciceronum, qui id Iudi∣cium cogebat, Praetextam Ponentem vidisset, misit ad eum qui diceret, Se non Damna∣tum, sed reum perijsse, nec sua bona Hastae subijcit posse. Ac protinus Sudario, quod forte in manu habebat, Ore, & Faucibus coartatis, incluso spiritu, Poenam Morte praecur∣rit. Cognitare, Cicero de eo nihil pronontiauit.

* 7.89The Romaines called Diribitorem, the man that in iudgements criminall, distribu∣ted to each Senatour three Ballots and Tablets of Iuorie. He threw into the Bal∣lotting Boxe, that which he pleased, and according to his owne iudgement. That of Absolution was marked with the Letter A. That of Condemnation, with the Letter C. And the third with these two Letters N. L. Non liquet, Shall be more am∣ply informed. In auncient times, there was nothing giuen to the Iudges, but two Flint Stones, the one White, the marke or Symbole of Absolution, and the other Blacke, the noate of Condemnation.

Mos erat Antiquis, Atris, Niueisque lapillis His damnare Reos, illis absoluere culpa.

* 7.90So speaketh Ouid in his Metamorphosis. A Custome deriued from the Greekes by the Romaines, as Plutarke witnesseth in his Liues, and elsewhere, saying, that in cri∣minall matters, a man is not to trust his Mother, for feare least (thorow negligence or ouersight) she cast the blacke Beane instead of the White. And that which is reported by Valerius Maximus, in the History of Titus and Piso, in these tearmes Discincta Tunica, Nudis Pedibus, is very well worth the obseruation, and fitly ser∣ueth to this subiect, Because in foure words was contained the auncient French Prouerbe: Of making Honorable Amends, Vnguirt, and without Hose or Shooes, that is to say,* 7.91 Nuds Pieds, & sans Ceinture, whereof here you may behold some Ex∣amples.

The Aduocate for the Children of Monsieur Lewes of France, Duke of Orleans, wickedly murdred by Iohn, Duke of Bourgongne (as hath bin declared in the Order of Orleans) concluded, that for so execrable an assassinate, the said Iohn of Bourgongne stood bound, to appeare in person at Paris vpon a certaine day, in the Castell of the Louure, or some such other place as should please the King to appoint, and that vp∣on a Scaffold, prepared for the purpose: The people of Paris being present, the said Iohn of Bourgongne,* 7.92 being without Girdle, and bare headed, kneeling before Madam of Orle∣ans and her Children, accompanied with such persons as they pleased. He did there declare and publiquely confesse with a loud voyce; that maliciously and treache∣rously, he had procured the said Lord of Orleans to be murdered, by hatred, enuie and couetousnesse, and not vpon any other occasion. This is thus reported by En∣guerran de Monstrellet.

It was a most ignominious thing to be without a Girdle, as being a manifest marke and noate of infamie, the vse and practise whereof was obserued, as well in matters Ciuile, as Criminall, for seizure and abandoning of goods, the repudiation of some hereditament, and likewise for making honorable amends.

* 7.93The same Monstrellet informeth vs, that the Brugelins, being brought into a very good order to the number of about foureteene hundred men, came and presented themselues before their Duke Phillip of Bourgongne, second of the name: All and eue∣ry one of them bare headed, bare footed and without Girdles.

Likewise, that in the Moneth of September, the yeare of Grace, One thousand foure hundred threescore and fiue, a Norman, that had called the Parisians Brurgong∣nons; was condemned with an ignominious sentence, to be performed before the Hostell of the Citie,* 7.94 in the place called Le Greue, and before the Aduocate for the Merchants of the same Citie. His Head bare, vngirded, and holding a lighted Torch in his hand. To speake there openly, that he had falsely and maliciously lyed, in speaking those words, humbly entreating, that they would be pleased to pardon and forgiue him. Which being done, his tongue was boared through with an hot burning Iron, and he for euer banished out of the Kingdome.

For renuntiation and repudiation of Inheritances, the same Monstrellet furnisheth vs with a double example.

Monsieur Phillip of France, tearmed the Hardie, the first of the foure last Dukes of Bourgongne, dyed at the beginning of the yeare One thousand foure hundred and foure. Margaret of Henault his Widdow,* 7.95 renounced the moueable goods of the deceased, laying vpon the Hearse-Cloth, that couered the dead body of her Hus∣band; His Keyes, His Purse, and his Girdle, and required to haue an Act thereof from the Notaries, to stand and auaile in her defence, against the Creditours to the decea∣sed Duke her Husband.

As much auoucheth the same Author,* 7.96 concerning the Widdow to Waleran of Luxembourg, Count of S. Paul. And this is the interpretation of our auncient French Prouerbe; Hurling the Keyes vpon the Graue, so soone as it is couered. That is to say; Re∣nouncing them to the Comminaltie, and to Succession.

Declaring hereby, that like as the Husband, at bringing his wife into his House, giueth and deliuereth to her his Keyes, and by that action, acknowledgeth her as a Companion in his communitie (so long as she hath three things alwayes before her eyes; namely, the feare of God, loue of her Husband, and care of his House∣hold charge;* 7.97 the infallible noates and markes of an honorable Wife) which our Salique Law calleth Partem Conlaborationis; So in the same manner, after the death of her Husband, ouer charged with debts and payments; the Wife leauing all to the Communitie: She throweth her Keyes vpon the Graue, with her halfe Girdle.

To be without a Girdle, is at this present day among vs (according as it was in times past) the Symbole and marke of cession and forsaking goods,* 7.98 and for a man to leaue his Girdle to his Creditours; is a signe of cession, made by Letters granted from the Princes fauour, who protecteth the bodies of his Subiects from imprison∣ment, when they abandon and leaue their goods to their Creditours, whereof they make publique declaration. This Custome came from the auncient Gaules, as we are enstructed by Suidas; because in former dayes, the Girdle was the Symbole of Riches and abounding in goods. And from thence, in a quite contrary sense, forsaking and leauing the Girdle, declared neede and pouertie.

At Rome, this cession and forsaking of goods,* 7.99 was done before the principall gate of the Capitall, vpon an exalted Stone, whereon was engrauen the figure of a Ly∣on. Vpon which Stone. The Cessionarie or parter from his goods, standeth bare headed, and without his Girdle, crying with a loud voyce, Cedo Bonis, to the end, that the Romaine people hauing heard it with vnderstanding; should be forewarned, of med∣ling any more with men of the like weake condition. This publication of Cedo Bo∣nis being thus made by the Cessionarie, he commeth downe from the Stone, and his breeches being put downe, his naked shame is there discouered, and openly whipt with Roddes.

Whereupon, this Theater of Marble was named The Stone of Scandale and infa∣mie,* 7.100 and from thence forward, he that made this cession, was published intestable, vnworthy and vncapable of bearing any testimonie: the light whereof we receiue from the Oratour, in his second Philippicke. For this benefit of cession (which the Emperour Iustinian in the eight Law, calleth Auxilium miserabile. C. was introduced and put in vse by Iulius Caesar, in the time of Cicero the Oratour.

Before those dayes, and in the time of the Common-wealths springing,* 7.101 the Ro∣maines had the libertie, to take their debtors that could not make payment, and to dismember them in pieces, each man taking a piece, and so paying himselfe with part of his flesh, according as it is written by Aulus Gellius. And the Law of the twelue Tables allowed and permitted this barbarous Custome, to keepe men from becomming debters, and make them carefull House-keepers. Afterward it was changed into another forme, more mercifull in outward appearance, by reducing such knowne vnpayable debtors into Slauerie and Seruitude; which wee see was put in practise euen among the Iewes, as we reade in the fourth Chapter of the fourth Booke of the Kings. Ecce Creditor venit, vt tollat duos Filios meos, ad seruiendum sibi.* 7.102 Behold, the Creditour is come, to take vnto him my two Sonnes, to be bond-men. A Custome

likewise vsed by the French our Auncestours (according to the testimonie of Noble Tacitus in his Germania) who had among them a quite contrary forme for cession of goods, and repudiation of inheritances, then that of forsaking the Girdle, and casting the Keyes vpon the Graue.

* 7.103Because taking possession of Lands in Soccage, were made by tradition, and de∣liuery of a Switch, or Rodde of an Elle in length: and in want thereof, a Rush, or a Corne-Straw. From whence this forme of possession, was tearmed Infestucatio, de∣liuering of the Rush.

But if it were in Fiefe, or Free-hold, the Prince and Soueraigne Lord (vnder our first Monarches) inuested and seized his Seruant by a Ring,* 7.104 which he put vpon his Finger, the roundell whereof was marked with such an Armes, as hee would haue his Seruant to beare. And very oftentimes, this seizement was made by deliuery of a Rush or Straw, whereof the Romaines had deriued the practise, as taken from the Gaules, according to the obseruation of Aulus Gellius, in his last Booke and ninth Chapter, vpon the subiect De Ciuilibus, & Festucarijs Actionibus, whereof he discour∣sed very effectually, being of the Gaules Nation.

And as the taking of possession was noated with the word of Infestucation, Infe∣stucationem Dominic••m: so the same Cession of goods, and forsaking of inheritances, was branded with the tearme of Exfestucation, by breaking the Rush, or Corne∣blade of Straw.

This course or forme was taken from our Salique Law, at the Title De Chrenethru∣da,* 7.105 that is to say, De la Cession. He which knew himselfe to be vnable of making payment; at the Law-day would present in the Court of Iustice twelue honest and sufficient men, free from scandale or reproach, to beare witnesse of his insufficiency and pouerty, with a faithfull declaration, of all his goods and faculties, in the pre∣sence of all his Creditours, and kinred that were to succeede him to the third gene∣ration, as well by Father and Mother, as Collaterall.

Hauing made his open publication, he entred into his House, and from the foure corners of the Planchers, gathered vp so much dust as filled his left hand, and setting his foote on the step or threshold of the doore (called in our Salique Law Durpill••m) and holding the Ring thereof in his right hand,* 7.106 with his other hand that held the dust which he had gathered vp; he threw it vpon his owne shoulders, and likewise vpon the neerest kinsman he had. Then stripping himselfe into his Shirt, vngirt, bare legged, and by helpe of a Staffe, he lept vpon a hedge or dunghill; giuing his Cre∣ditours and kinred to vnderstand by this Ceremony, that now he was worth iust no∣thing, and when he made that leape, all his goods and liuelode lept away from him. In Camisia discinctus,* 7.107 & discalceatus, cum palo in manu supra sepem Salire debet. Such was the forme of Cession, and parting from goods in criminall matters, that is to say, in case of killing any one.

But in Ciuill matters, the case was otherwise gouerned. The debtor caused all his Creditours to be called together, and in their presence he declared; that he had abandoned and giuen ouer all his goods to them.* 7.108 In signe and assurance whereof, he layed a Hollie-wand, or else a Corne-straw vpon the Threshold of the doore. In case of such a resignation, it was called Chrenechruda per Durpillum, & Festucam; Cession by the Ro••de and Threshold. But this custome is abolished, and the former is retained in Ciuill occasions, in most parts of France: As in the Custome of Bourbon∣nois, the threescore and twelfth Article; Of Auuergne, the fourth Article; and De la March the threescore and fourth Article. In which places, the surrender or Ces∣sion is made, by being Vngirt, Bare-foote and bare legde. And hereof descended and came our auncient Prouerbes: Tender, and giue vp the Girdle; And leaue off Hose, Shooes and Bootes. But this last is ordenarily vnderstood, to signifie the death of some debter. So leauing this Argument, let vs come to the case of Degrada∣tions.

* 7.109 Among the Romaines they began to degrade Souldiours and men of warre; by taking from them their Girdle and Sword. An Act which made them as Villaines and Peazants all the rest of their life: According as is said in the second Law, at the Paragraphe, Ignominia. Vers. Sed & si, de his qui not, inf. at the Digest. And this is the

same which we haue formerly obserued from Curopalates, in his Tract concerning the Offices of the Court of Constantinople.

The Ciuill Lawyers call it Exanctorare, that is to say, Insignia Militaria detrahere,* 7.110 which by vsing but one word in French, we tearme Degrader. In regard that this Degradation is performed by seuerall degrees, taking away the Armes piece by piece, from them that they will haue to be degraded. Among vs, the auncient Ce∣remonies, vsed in the Degradation of a Knight or Gentleman, were as follow∣eth.

After that, by command from the King, enstruction was giuen for the Processe, against such a one as had committed a Fellonious act in his owne person;* 7.111 the case being censured before the auncient Knights of the Court; being there assembled to the number of fiue and twenty, or thirty: they condemned the partie accused to losse of life, according to the importance and consequence of the Crime, either Treason, Intelligence, or Fellonie. And before they proceeded to the execution of their sentence and Iudgement of death; the condemned person was to be degraded of his Nobilitie, and the same ought to be done in this manner.

The true Order and forme of Degration, according as it is performed in France.

FIrst of all, two Scaffolds were erected in some faire and conspicuous place,* 7.112 well engirt or defenced with Lists and Barres. The one was couered and adorned with goodly Tapistries, Chaires, and Seates, for the Knights, Iudges, and other their Officers.

The other was much more highly aduanced, as appointed for the condemned Knight, the Kings, Heralds, and Pursuiuants of Armes. At both the ends were pla∣ced two Formes or Benches, for twelue Priests to be seated on them.

In the middest of this Scaffold standeth the condemned Knight, armed at all points, and his Shield or Escutcheon of Armes (emblazoned according to Art) fastened before him, vpon some conuenient materiall belonging to the Scaf∣fold.

After Proclamation made by one of the Kings, or Herauld•• of Armes, with a loud intelligible voyce, concerning Sentence and Iudgement of death, pronounced on the condemned Knight standing there present; the Priests begin to sing aloud the Vigils and Prayers for the dead, so farre as to Placebo, and then proceede on to the end of Misere mei Deus.

At the ending of each Psalmes, after Requiem eternam,* 7.113 the Priests make a pause and silence, during which time, the Kings and Heraulds of Armes doe begin to de∣grade the condemned Knight, despoyling him of all his Armour, beginning with his Helmet, it being the Armour for his Head. And at euery Stanza, the He∣rauld that holdeth the part taken from the despoyled Knight, crieth with a loud voyce:

This is the Helmet and Bassinet of such a man (naming him by his name, Sirname, Seigneuries and qualitie) Knight, attainted, and conuicted of Fellonie, Intelligence, Treason, Incendie, &c. (according to the crime) and therefore condemned and sen∣tenced to such and such punishment.

This is the Chaire of Gold, and Collar of his Order; this is the Gorget; the Coate of Armes, his Girdle and Sword, his guilt Spurres, his Gauntlets: And these are the seuerall parcels of his Armour, naming them piece by piece, as they are taken off from his body, which is not done, but at the ending of euery Psalme.

When they come to speake of his Shield, there fastened before him on the Scaf∣fold, one of the Pursuiuants, turning it topsie turuie diuers times, at last pro∣claimeth with a loud voyce: This is the Shield and Blazon of Armes, of this Tray∣tour

and disloyall Knight here present; and then a Herauld breaketh it in three pieces with a Hammer.

After the last Psalme of Prayers for the dead, the Priests arise from their Seates, and circkling round the condemned Knight; lay their hands on his head, singing the hun∣dred and nineteenth Psalme of David, beginning with these words: Deus laudem me∣am ne tacueris. In which Psalme are contained the imprecations and maledictions, threatned against the execrable Traytour Iudas, and such as he was.

And like as the Squires, that would receiue the Order of Knighthood, in the Eue∣ning before the Ceremonie, were Bathed and washed, and spent the whole night in some Church, deuoutly on their knees in Prayer, that they might be the better prepa∣red in soule and body, for worthy receiuing the Order of Knighthood.

So the Psalme of maledictions being ended, one of the Pursuiuants of Armes, hol∣deth a Siluer and Guilt Basi••, full of luke-warme water, ouer the head of the Knight there present: And the King of Armes demandeth with a loud voyce three times, the name, Sirname and quality of the despoyled Knight; whereto the Pursuiuant hauing repeated his name three times, as thereby answering to the demand: the Herauld or King of Armes replieth; that he is deceiued, and that he whom he had so often na∣med, was a Traytour, disloyall, periured, and a man of false faith. And to let the peo∣ple perceiue that hee spake nothing but truth, he turneth himselfe to the Iudges, Knights; and then the Register of the Order causeth him to pronounce, that by plu∣rality of voyces of the Knights there present, the man now in question, and whom the Pursuiuant had named three seuerall times, had bin already openly proclaimed, to be vtterly vnworthy of any more calling by the name of a Knight; but in regard of his vices and foule offences, was banished from their frequencie and company, degraded of Nobilitie, and condemned to punishment. Which being pronounced, the King or Herauld of Armes poureth the Basin of water, vpon the head of the despoyled Knight.

This last Act done, the Knights Iudges descended from their Scaffold, cloathed in Roabes and Hoods of mourning, and walke in that manner to the neerest Church.

The degraded person likewise descended from his Scaffold, but neither by Ladder or Stayres as he went vp: but is let downe by a Cord, fastened vnder his arme-pits, and laid vpon a durtie wheele-barrow, couered with a Cloath for seruice of the dead, and so brought to the Church where the Knights attended for him. The Priests sing the Funerall Recommendums, with prayers appointed for the dead, ouer the miserable degraded Knight: who is afterward deliuered to the Iudge Royall, and then to the Hangman for execution to death, according to order of Law appointed: Ex∣cept it shall please the King to grant grace, either by Banishment for a time, or else for euer out of the Kingdome.

After this execution, the King of Armes proclaimeth publiquely, and with a loud Voyce; that the Children and descendants of the degraded Knight, are Ignoble and Peazants, vnworthy and vncapable of bearing Armes; nor to be seene or appear at Iousts, Tourneys, in Armes, Courts, or meetings of Kings, Princes, Lords and Gen∣tlemen; on paine of being whipt and beaten naked with Rods, like infamous villaines and wretches as they were.

Vnder the flourishing State of the Romaines, the braue Knights and valiant Cap∣taines that had carried themselues in faire dutie against the enemy; were honored with Triumph. It was lawfully permitted them, to decke and beautifie Temples and publique places with their Armes, and those which they had wonne from the enemy, in signes of Trophees.

Barbarico Postes Auro, Spolijsque superbi. Multaque praeterea sacris in Postibus Arma, Captiui pendent Currus, curuaeque Secures, Et Cristae Capitum, & Portarum ingentia claustra, Spiculaque, Clypeique:

So speaketh the Poet Virgil, in the seauenth Booke of his Aeneid••s: And Claudian n Eutropium.

Festinas vrgete Manus, meus ecce paratur Ad bellum Stilico, qui me, de more, Tropoeis Ditat, & hostiles suspendit in arbore Cristas.

Which they put in practise the rather,* 7.114 to serue as a memory of their boldnesse and courage, to their descent and posterity.

In like manner, the Armes of Cowards and crauenly minded Knights, were bat∣tered and broken by the hand of Iustice. And among the Romaines, the very last office of all other, was denied to them, which is buriall, in the Monument or Se∣pulcher of their Ancestours▪ Their bodies were throwne into a Ditch,* 7.115 in some fil∣thy blinde by-place, without any Ceremony whatsoeuer: according to the testemo∣nie of Polybius, in the first Booke of his Pollitickes.

Their Armes, Images, Standards and Statues, ran the very same fortune of infamy, as their bodies did, being trailing in the publique streetes, and cast into noysome sinkes and Laystals.

Descendunt Statuae, Rastemque sequuntur. So Iuuenall telleth vs.

The Noble Romaine Historian, in the third Booke of his Annales, speaking of them belonging to Piso, dragged along the Streetes to the a 7.116 Gemonian Scala, by the basest kinde of people: their Armes and Statues were likewise bruised and beaten into small pieces.

Frangenda miseram funestat imagine Gentem. Obserued by Iuuenall.

Senatus Scalas adferri, Clypeosque, & Imagines eius eoram detrahi, & affigi Solo iubet. So speaketh Suetonius, in the Life of Domitian.

Moreouer, it was a very capitall crime and offence, to keepe the portraits and Figures of Traitours and perfidious men;* 7.117 as we learne of the Oratour in his Acti∣on for Caius Rabirius, where he saith, that Sextus Titius was condemned to grieuous punishment, because he had kept by him, the Table and Portraiture of Lucius Sa∣turninus.

We will conclude this Chapter, with a notable obseruation of our Auncient French, who kept it for a custome, that if a Gentleman were condemned to death,* 7.118 for hauing troubled the State, and the repose of his Prince; or robbing on the High-wayes; violation of Wiues or Virgins; thieuing on Passengers; vndoing an honest man, by burning his Grandges and Garners, with such like other actions, farre vnfit for a Noble or generous minde: As they conducted him to his doomed punishment, they would make him to carrie a Dogge on his shoulders, round about the neighbouring parts, where he had exercised his thefts and pilfferies.

Otho of Austria, Bishop of Frisinghen, writeth (much to this purpose) in the Life of the Emperour Fredericke Barbarossa,* 7.119 the eleauenth Booke and eight and twenti∣eth Chapter, that the Count Palatine of the Rhine, Harman, being attainted and con∣uicted of Fellonie, with ten of his Complices: made honorable amends according to the Law. They were led and conducted a Germaine Mile, each of them carrying a Dogge vpon his shoulders. And obseruing this auncient Custome, he saith. Vetus consuetudo apud Francos & Sueuos inoleuit, vt si quis Nobilis, Ministerialis, vel Colo∣nus. Perduellionis, Praeda, aut Incendij Reus inuentus fuerit, antequam Morte puniatur, ad confusionis suae ignominiam, Nobilis Canem; Ministerialis Sellam; Rusticus Arat••i rotam de Comitatu gestare cogatur.

The Gentleman was constrained to carrie a Dogge on his shoulders:* 7.120 The Offi∣cer, and Chamberlaine a Chayre or Stoole doubling: And the Countrey labouring man, a Wheele of his Plough or Cart, and so to walke from one Village to another; to the end, that the beholders should know their seuerall vocations in this punish∣ment, before they suffered execution.

The Poet Guntherus Ligurinus, in the life of the same Emperour Fredericke Barba∣rossa, the fift Booke, hath well remembred this auncient Custome.

Quippe vetus mos est, vt si quis Rege remoto, Sanguine, vel Flamm••, vel seditionis apertae. Turbine, seu crebris Regnum vexare rapinis

Audeat, ante grauem quam fuso sanguine poenam. Excipiat, si Liber erit, de more vetusto Impositum Scapulis ad contigui Comitatus Cogatur per rura Canem confinia ferre.

* 7.121Suggerus, Abbot of Saint Denys in France, in the Life of our King Lewes le Gros, sixt of the name, speaking of the Assassinate, committed on the person of the Count of Flanders (Sonne to Lewes, King of Denmarke, Heire to Bauldwine, Count of Flan∣ders, Sonne to Robert of Ierusalem) in the Church of Saint Donatus of Bruges, by one named Burchard, Nephew to the Prouost of the said Church, and his Complices, speaketh thus. King Lewes le Gros, being requested by his Barons, to assist them with his powerfull Arme, that Iustice might be done for such a Fellonious fact, com∣mitted vpon the Count his Subiect and Liedge-man: gaue order to his Armies, which he had in the Field, against Henry King of England, and Thibault, Count of Champaigne.

Into Flanders they went with part of the Armie, which comming to Bruges, be∣siedged Burchard and his Complices fortefied in the Church, the Tower and Castell of the Count, and of Saint Donatus. Long continuance of the Siedge, Pestilence and Famine, constrained Burchard to shift for himselfe in the night time. But be∣ing betrayed and taken, and censured with seuerity of iudgement; the King com∣manded,* 7.122 that he should be bound and chained vpon an high Wheele, with his face vp towards Heauen, aliue, to be rent and torne by Rauens and rauenous Foules of the Ayre. And Soldiours marching on the ground vnderneath the Wheele, gaue a thousand wounds to his body with their Pikes and Arrowes, whereby his life expired miserably. Afterward, his body, being so massacred and mangled, with more holes then a ranging Siue; was throwne into a filthy stincking Laystall.

The Arch Achitophell, and prime Counceller of this horrid murder, named Berk∣olde,* 7.123 being likewise apprehended, was hanged by the Armes vpon a Crosse Gal∣lowes, and a Mastiffe Dogge fastened by him, which Dogge, as leisurely they prickt with Darts; he snarled at the liuing man hanging by him, biting and tearing his face, and voyding (oftentimes) his loathsome excrements vpon it. Furcis cum Cane suspensus, quotiens▪ Canis percutiebatur, in eum iram retorquens, totam faciem eius masticando deuorabat: Aliquando etiam, quod horribile dictu est, stercorabat, sicque mise∣ram Vitam miserior miserrimo, Morte perpetua terminauit.

Adde vnto this exemplary death, the miserable end of Bauldwine, Count of Flan∣ders,* 7.124 Emperour of Constantinople, at large declared in the precedent Booke, and there∣by gather; that the auncient French, executing to death Traitours and Fellons, made them to suffer seuerity of the Law, carrying a Dogge vpon their necke and sholders, for two reasons.

The first, as we haue set downe in the end of the second Booke, concerning the principall Officers of the House and Crowne of France; serued to make knowne to the people:* 7.125 that the condemned party, was of Free and Noble extraction, to whom it was permitted by the Law of his original and birth, to take his pleasure and pastime in hunting.

Canibus circundare Saltus.

The other reason was likewise to make manifest, that the Dogge being the Hie∣roglyphicke, Embleme and Symbole of faithfulnesse towards his Maister; the Gentleman attainted and conuicted of Fellony, was exposed to the view of all the people, as a man without Faith, and any loyaltie whatsoeuer, towards his Prince and Benefactour, and consequently, as worthy of paine and punishment, as the Dogge (that now shamed him) deserued to be affected.

For among all creatures vnfurnished with reason, the Dogge hath not his like for loue and faithfulnesse to his Maister▪* 7.126 Infinite examples are to read, of Dogges that haue couragiously defended their Maisters, or else haue reuenged their death, when they haue bin slaine or murdered in priuie places. As did the Dogge, of Pyrrhus, and of others beside: as is reported by Plutarke, and by Aelianus in his Naturall Hi∣storie

Titus Sabinus, a Romaine Knight, being executed to the death, by the instigation,* 7.127 and to pacifie the furious rage or the bloudy Sejanus: his Dogge continued alwayes by to defend his body, so long as it was kept vpon the ground. And such bread or other foode, as was giuen to the Dogge, he would bring it to the mouth of his Mai∣ster, as thinking thereby to feede and nourish him. And when the same dead body was throwne into Tyber, to serue as prey for the deuouring Fishes in that Riuer: the Dogge leapt into the water after his Maister, holding vp the body in his teeth, to keepe it from sincking. And that braue Citie of the World perceiued by this act, more loue and faithfulnesse to be in this poore creature: then appeared in men, who who vnder pretended and feigned friendship, had betrayed this honest worthy Knight.

Appio Iunio, & P. Silio Coss. cum animaduerteretur ex causa Neronis Grammatici filij in T. Sabinum, & seruitia eius, vnius exijs Canem nec a carcere abigi potuisse, nec à Cor∣pore recessisse; Abiecto in Gradibus Gemonijs moestos edentem Vlulatus, magnâ Populi coronâ circumstante; ex qua cum quidam ei cibum obiecisset, ad os defuncti tulisse. Inna∣tau••t idem in Tyberim, cadauere abiecto sustentare conatus, effusa multitudine ad spectan∣dam Animalis ••idem. So speaketh Plinie in the eight Booke and fortieth Chapter of his Naturall Historie, where the Noble Reader may haue an infinite number of the like examples.

I haue seene many Noble Families in France,* 7.128 bearing the Sirname of Robin, and in Nauarre and Gascoigne the Sirname of Perron, of Peraux & Perrots (all these names signifying a Dogge) who beare for their Armes D' Azur de Sable, or de Synople, Au Robin, ou Perron, that is to say, A vne Chieu gay d'Argent, tenant vne Espe nue de mesme. Wherein doe speake properly, this is but a Ceuise and Embleme, whereunto is ordenarily giuen for the Soule and Legand, these words. Viriliter age, & sustine Domine, deriued from the last Verse of the seauen and twentieth Psalme of the Roy∣all Prophet Dauid. And so it is neuerthelesse, that the faithfulnesse of this creature in the seruice of his Maister, hath giuen him the authority and priuiledge, to appeare in the Theater of Honor; next to Eagles, Lyons, and Leopards, Armes of high deser∣uing.

This creature beareth and sheweth such loue to his Maister, that he knoweth him by his voyce. Soli Dominum nouere. Ignotum quoque si repente veniat intelligunt:* 7.129 Soli nomina sua, Soli vocem domesticam agnoscunt. Itinera quamuis longa meminere. Nec vlli, Praeter Hominem, memoria maior. So saith Plinie in the fore-recited passage.

And to knit vp this discouse, with a well spunne thred from a worthy Authour, the Greeke Poet Homer writeth,* 7.130 that wise Vlysses returning into his Isle and Realme of Ithaca, after the absence of twenty yeares, imployed in Voyages to strange Pro∣uinces, and likewise at the Siedge of Troye: was knowne of none but by his Nurse-Mother, and his Dogge. And vpon the same subiect, this creature (for his faithful∣nesse) is fixed at the feete of Marbles and Tombes of Kings and Knights.

Car nul des Animaux ne sert tant aux Mortels Que le Chien garde-Forts, garde-Parcs, garde-Hostels, Diligent Pouruoyeur, qui d'vn Nez veritable Fournit de mets friands des grands Princes la Table. Amy iusqu'a la Mort. Frayeur du Loup ruze: Poeur du craintif Larron, Veneur bien aduise. Ce dict noste Lucresse, en sa docte Semaine.

The Dogge (aboue all Creatures) fits man best, To keepe his Castell, Parke, House: All in rest. A nimble Purueyer, by his sente still able, With delicates to decke a Princes Table. A Friend to death: The wilie Woolfes affright, And filching Thiefe: A Huntsman day and night.

So speaketh our Lucretius, his learned Weeke.

The Ceremonies, vvhich are to be obser-in the Exequies and Funerals of the most Christian Kings, the Kings of France. CHAP. IX.

IF they haue departed this life, out of the royall Citie of Pa∣ris, the Capitall of the Realme of France, the body is brought into the Church, and Monastery of Hault Pas, in the Sub∣vrbs of Saint Iames, neere vnto Paris, or else to Saint Antho∣nie of the field, according to the solemnity of the man, and state of the Prouince, whether or from whence they are brought; but if they dye in Paris, they stirre not out of the Louure their Pallace royall. But we will haue no other pat∣terne, or modell, then the example of those Ceremonies, and regardable state, which were performed in the pompous funerals of Henry the Great, of famous memory, as they were and ought to be obserued.

King Henry the great was laid vpon his bed in the Cabinet of the Louure on Fri∣day, the fifteenth of May, in the yeare One thousand sixe hundred and tenne, some fiue houres after noone, whither Maister Henry Gondy, Bishop of Paris, first Con∣fessour of the King and his Court, repayred (For you must consider, that whereso∣euer his Maiesty is, this Diuine Ceremory and office is daily celebrated, according to the custome of Paris, and none other) and so the accustomed Prayers for the soule of the dead, were solemnely performed, and after him the rest of the Cardi∣nals and Prelats resident in Paris continued the same.

About midnight the body, was disrobed of all apparell, and the very Shirt, and taken from the bed of the Cabinet was brought into that of the Chamber, and there reuested a new, with a faire white Shirt, a Doublet of blacke Sattin, a night Cap of crimson Veluet embrodered with Gold, and so exposed to the View, as a sad spe∣ctacle of all the Parisien. After this on Sa••urday morning, within foure houres of night, the foure Orders of Friers mendicants in Paris, sung day and night round a∣bout the bed their Canonicall houres, and prayers for the soule departed.

On Saturday, the sixteenth day of May, in the yeare, One thousand sixe hundred and tenne, foure houres after high noone, the body was opened, and the entrailes taken out, and so enclosed in a Casket of Lead, which was conueyed into a Carosse, to be enterred at Saint Denys of France, the solemne and ordinarie burying place for the Christian Kings.

The Heart was reuerently put into a great siluer Basin, by Monsier the Prince of Conde, Francis of Burbon, who kist it all bloody as it was, and so after him the Prin∣ces, Lords, Knights and Gentlemen of the Court performed the like: when this Ceremonie was finished, the Heart was perfumd and enclosed within another hart, artificially made of Siluer, all guilded, ••nd so deliuered by the said Prince of Conde to the Iesuites, at their professed Colledge of Saint Lewis, in Saint Anthonies Streete in Paris, and by them to be transported to the Colledge of Fleche in Aniou.

The body being orderly embaulmed, wrapped vp in many folds of Serecloth, and bound hard with wexed rowling bands, was put into a Coffin of Cipresse, which was also enclosed in a strong square Chest of thicke wood, bound about with Iron, hauing eight Rings, and as many Hookes for the better accommodating, it to be borne vpon mens shoulders in the Funerall pompe; which was the charge of the Scotch Guard with white sleeues, who were not to abandon or forsake the same, till it was brought to Saint Denys, and there solemnely enclosed into the Ceremo∣nious Vault for the Coffins of their Kings. Ouer all this was a sumptuous Herse∣cloth,

fastned and nayled with many little blacke Nailes of blacke Veluet full of crosses of white Sattin.

The great Chamber of the Lou••re was hung with rich tapstry of Silke interwo∣uen with Gold and Siluer threds, which the deceased King had prouided in his life time, and all the Chamber was couered vnderfoote with cloath for that purpose.

Afterward, the Princely body, or Beere was brought before the Chimney, and set vpon certaine Tressels between two great crosses; i•• was then couered with a large cloath of Purple Veluet semy flowry of Gold, so richly Embroidred that you could scarce see the ground-worke: and for the greater state, it trayled three foote round about on the ground; ouer all was a sumptuous Canopy, of the same seme floury Gold fringed, spangled, crispinde, and indented accordingly. In the head of the Canopy in the middle was a rich embroidery with the Armes of France and Na∣uarre crowned with Imperiall Diadems, and compassed or inuironed round about with the two Orders of Saint Michael, and the Holy Ghost: As for the orna∣ments of cloath of Gold at this time about the Hearse, if it be done, it is done out of ignorance.

Berry King of Armes, in the life of Charles the seauenth, talkes of a Herse Cano∣py, and ornaments of Saint Denis Chancell with the Church of Paris, of Violet or Purple Veluet semy flowry with Floure de lis of Gold without number, or limitation: and in the manuscript Chronicle of the Chancelor du Prat, hath it thus: The good King Lewes the twelfth, departed out of this life, at his lodging of the Tournelles, the first day of Ianuary, in the yeare One thousand fiue hundred and foureteene, and af∣ter his body was ceremoniously embalmed, and feared: it was brought into the great Hall of the same lodging, and there enclosed in a Coffin of Cipresse, with a sumptuous couering of Watchet or Blew Veluet semy flowry with Floure de lis of Gold.

On both sides, where the body remained or was reposed, there were two stately Altars ordained and adorned, very richly, as couered in the same man∣ner with Purple Veluet embroidered with Gold, hauing Canopies of the same fashion.

Before the body stood two little Stooles, couered with Cloath of Gold, and on them two holy Water-pots, one for the people, who had holy Water sprinkled as they passed through the great Hall into the Chamber, and so went through the gal∣lery of the pictures: the other for the Princes, Prelats, Lords, Knights and Gen∣tlemen.

Behinde the body, was another Stoole couered and adorned in the same manner with cloath of Gold, but vpon that stood a Crosse: At the foure corners of the Cof∣fin, were placed foure great Candlesticks of Siluer gilded, wherein were as many great white Virgin Waxe Tapers, which burnt continually, and so did those, that were on the Altars.

Both of the one side, and the other of this great Chamber, were placed diuers long Formes couered with Tapistry of Silke: behinde the body, on the left hand by the Gallery, there were two Chaires and a Bench couered with Cloath of Gold for the Cardinals, Archbishops, Counsellours of State, and Masters of the requests; behinde them was ano••her Bench for the Kings Almoners, and behinde them, two o∣thers for those of the Order of the Religion.

On the other side, all along by the wall, there were likewise long Benches for the Pages of the Chamber, and before them for the Gentlemen in ordinary; and before them, as neere to the Hearse as was conuenient, two other Chaires, and a forme co∣uered with cloath of Gold, sutable to that which the Cardinals had, for my Ma∣sters the Princes of the bloud, the Officers of the Crowne, and Knights of the Orders.

The foure Mendicants, Capuchines, and other Monasticall Orders, sung day and night, not a Plaine song, or diuersity of Tunes, but after the manner of the Friers Minims and Capuchins, who take the Cue one of another and answere by courses.

On either side of the holy Water-pots, as neere the body as was conuenient, were also two little stooles couered with great Mantles of Cloath of Gold, on which two Heralds attended in their Coates of Armes, ouer Cassocks of Veluet, with quoifes of their function, and gilded Scepters of Wood in their hands; these went vp and downe from one to another, or (if you had rather) stood still to giue the Holy-water sprinckled to the Princes, Prelats, and Lords, who passed by to receiue it ouer the bo∣dy of the Defunct.

Within the Gallery of Pictures, there were eighteene Altars couered with blacke, on which were said a hundred low Masses euery day, but within the Kings Cham∣ber were sixe of a h••gher note, the last of which, was alwayes the ordinary Masse for the Defunct, cellebrated in his life time by the Singing-men of his Chappell in the same manner as he himselfe was wont to heare it. This Order was obserued, as well in his owne Chamber, as in the great Hall, where appeared a solemnity of Mourning from Ascension day, to Saint Peter and Saint Paul, the last saue one of Iune, when the body was transported into the great Church of Paris.

The Kings body remained in the Chamber full eighteene dayes, vntill Friday, the feast of Saint Barnaby, the eleauenth of Iune: The day after the Feast, the body was remoued from place to place, till it was laid on a bed of Honour prepared in the great Hall of the Swiss, to whom it was presented the seauenteenth of Iune, and so it came to the charge of the Archers of the Corps du Guard of Scotts: At euery one of these changes, and descents of the body, many Archbishops, Bishops and Abbots in the best robes of their Prelacy, or if you will Pontisicallibus, attended with the Officers of the Crowne, Knights of the two Orders, Lords and Gentlemen, Captains of the Guard, and Officers of the Kings Pallace.

This Hall of the Swissers was most richly prepared with the Kings best tapistry, the wals were hung, and the very roofe and feelings aboue were adorned, and as fo•• the Pillars, or if you please, the Supporters of the hanging Vault, they were all couered with cloath of Gold, from the very toppe to the bottome of the paue∣ment.

In the crosse-windowes from one side to another were, erected those Altars to say Masse on, which stood in the gallery of pictures.

At the top of this Hall, there was a halfe-pace of fiue steppes, or degrees, and be∣fore the Chimny a platforme of foure greeces or staires higher, vpon which was raised a Bedsted of nine foote long, mounted on high and fashioned in state round a∣bout (except where the bolsters lay against the Chimney:) for the Chimney was on the backe of the beds head, you had also three more steps euery one a foote high and broad, as if you went vp by degrees.

The Bedsted was apparrelled in this manner; the Teston and top had a great cloath of State full of Floure de Luces, with Vallens and all things accordingly: on the bol∣sters and bed it selfe, were fine large Sheetes of the cloath of Holland, both Cam∣bricke and Lawne, which trailed a great way on the ground, and the ground it selfe was all couered with rich cloath vnder feete. Ouer this was a Couerlet or Quilt of freezed gold, full of crosses of Siluer quartred and cantoned with the Armes of France and Nauarre, with a large border of purple Veluet semy flowry, or ful of Floure delises of Gold, a foote and a halfe broad; there was also another Border of Er∣mines, as large as that of the Veluet, which was done in such a manner, as if there had been three Couerlets: the first, which for heighth and largenesse surpassed, was of Floure delises: the second of Ermines: the last, of fine Cambricke or Lawne, which couered all to the bottome.

Now vpon this freesed cloath of Gold, in the midst of the bed (the true coffine elsewhere conueied away) was the portraiture of the King laied carued to the life, and apparrelled with robes of State, as he accustomed in magnificent solemnities. He had first on a very fine Shirt of Holland, with a ruffe, as he was wont to weare, when he was liuing: ouer his Shirt was a Wastecoate of Crimson Sattin, plaited or doubled with Carnation Taffety, laid ouer with gold lace, the sleeues came no further then the elbowes, but the skirts within foure fingers of the knees. Ouer his Wastcoate he wore a Dalmatique Gowne of Violet Sattin, full of Floure de Luces

of Gold, so richly embrodered, that you could scarse discerne the ground-worke, besides it was laced round about with a fine thinne plate of Lace of Gold and Siluer foure or fiue fingers broad: this came also to the elbow, and halfe way to the legge; the Buskins and Sandales, which were open Shooes, were of Purple Veluet embro∣dered with Floure de Luses of Gold, yea the very soles of the shooes were made of Crimsen or Red Sattin.

Ouer this Dalmatique Gowne was a Mantell Royall of six Els long of Purple Vel∣uet, s••my ••ory with Gold, with a facing and edging or border of Ermines. It was open on the right side, bound and made fast vpon the right shoulder with great bu∣tons of Violet silke and Gold, friesled and crespinde with the same: the traile of this great Mantle was laid vpon the left shoulder, insomuch that you mig••t easi∣ly discerne, how the Wast-coate and Gowne came but to the elbowes, the rest of the Shirt to the tying about the wrist to the hand: to the compassing of ••he necke, to the comming vp to the enclosure before the brest, was all delicately frisl••d, and wrought most curiously.

About the necke of this Mantell Royall, otherwise called the Mantelet, besid••s a doubling or tippe•• of the Furre of Ermines, there was cast ouer him the great Col∣ler of the Order of the holy Ghost, the King also wore a night Cap or Coife of Cri∣mosen Sattin, ouer which was an Imperiall Crowne set full of Diamonds, and preti∣ous Stones: on both sides of his head there were also two Pillobers of Violet Vel∣uet semy flowry of Gold embrodered as the rest: vpon which, on the right hand, was laid the Scepter Royall, and on the other side the Scepter and hand of Iustice: on the other side againe as neere to the bolster of the Bed, as was conuenient, was the Royal Chaire couered with Purple Veluet, embrodered also with Floure de Luses of Gold. In a word, the Altars, Chaires, Benches & Stooles from one side to another, were all of the same fashion, as you heard before in the Kings Chamber.

Round about the Hall-doores, and winding Staires there hung vp diuers square Tables, in which was set out in the best oylie colours, the Scucheon with the Armes of France and Nauarre, crowned with Imperiall Crownes within, a border of the Orders of the King, and Supported by two Angels.

All the while this Image and Portrature of the King remained in this great Hall, there was solemne Seruice at Dinner, and Supper time in the same manner, as was accustomed the King liuing, that is to say: Bendic te: the Grace from the Prelate; the Musi••ke to the Graces; the Seruice, and say of the Wine and Meate, as well by the Masters of the House, as by the Gentlemen, Seruants, and other Officers of the Month, and thus was hee attended on in his Bed in open view with all solem∣nitie.

But when Wednesday the twentie two of Iune approached, the great Hall made an exchange with his rich and magnificent furniture putting on a maske of sorrow, and shewing a face of mourning: For it was presently hung with blacke both from the top to the bottome, yea round about the very Pillers: within, ouer the hangings of Serge there were two Borders, of black Veluet couered with the Armes of France and Nauarre, embrodred with Gold, in which manner the two great Porches, and the Staires were also dressed.

The Hall it selfe was in a manner made shorter by certaine diuisions: For from the Chimney to the fiue degrees or steps, and all the space where the bed of Honor stood, the Tapestry was presently couered with Serge and blacke Veluet. Into the middle of the Hall the body of the King was brought, and set vpon three Tressels of foure foote and a halfe high, whereon, was put the forenamed Chest in which was the Cipresse Coffin, which was couered with a large Hearsecloth of blacke Veluet, trailing on euery side vpon the ground, full of crosses of white Sattin, with the Armes of France and Nauarre embrodered: It was also furnish••d with another couering of cloath of Gold, freesd, crossed, and tipped or dressed with the same, round about a border of Purple Veluet, with Floure de luces of Gold, embrodred to the full, with a welt and bordure of Ermines foure fingers broad.

Vpon the last named cloath or Couerlet of State, there were foure Pillowes and Cushions of cloath of Gold, freesed & purled: vpon which, by the right side of his

head was placed the Royall Diadem, and vpon the other three the Order of the ho∣ly Ghost, the Scepter of Maiestie, and the hand of Iustice, and at his feete was a great Crosse of Gold.

The Coffin had ouer all a Tilt or stately frame of wood, painted ouer with blacke, of ten foote long, and nine foote broad, vpon the railes and barres of the same, from the one side to the other, were foureteene great Waxe Tapers or Candels of white Virgins waxe, weighing sixe pound a piece, which burnt day and night, and at the foure corners were also foure other Tapers of the same weight, and aboue toward the head of the Coffin (higher then the rest) was a great Herse or Canopy, altogether charged with twelue burning Candels of the same weight and fashion.

Ouer the top of this Coffin and frame there was spred a great cloath of Estate, or Canopy of blacke Veluet, fringed with blacke Silke and Gold, interwouen and cres∣pinde with knots of the same.

On both sides of this sumptuous frame were two Altars, in like manner couered with blacke for to say Masse at, as you heard befote in other preparations.

Without the Lists & Barriers, or Railes in a foote or thereabouts, was a little low Stoole couered with blacke Veluet, vpon which stood a Vessell of holy Water, and on either side two other low Stooles, decked as the former, for two Heralds of Armes, who in this seruice wore Chapperons on their heads, their Martiall Robes, and ouer that their Coates of Armes, who gaue the holy Water sprinckell.

From one side to another were also seuerall Formes and Benches, couered with blacke Serge for the Princes, Prelats, and Officers to sit on, and others who were assi∣stant in the Seruice, and attended the Sermons, that were made during the time, that the body remained there.

On Sunday the twentieth of Iune, after Euening Prayer, all the Churches of Paris, as wel Parishes, as Monasteries rang their Bels in their accustomed tune for the dead, which lasted three dayes together, euen till Wednesday night, wherein they prayed day & night for the soule of the defunct, and the Churches with the Monasteries (du∣ring those three dayes) were all hung with Blacke, bedecked with Veluet, hauing the Armes of France and Nauarre, their Chappels with continuall burning Candels, and their Chant••ies expressing a great deale of sorrow, the principall Marchants and Burgesses of Paris frequenting their Parish Churches all the three dayes, and hauing solemne Seruice for the dead, their Shops shut vp, and themselues forbidden to sell any thing.

On Thursday being the first of Saint Iohn Baptist the Bels began againe, and lasted till Saturday following, euery Fraternity answering one another, continuing the accustomed Prayers and Dirges for the soule of the departed.

This solemnity of Seruice in Prayers and Orisons for the dead, lasting full three dayes, as you haue heard, to the honour of the departed, and accomplishment of the Funerall Ceremonies, was not onely celebrated in Paris, but in all the Villages and Townes adioyning, yea ouer the Country: so that in truth it was so generall a sor∣row, and seruice in burning of Candels, and mourning for this our Henry the great, in his Obsequies and Prayers for his soule; that the like was not performed for fiue precedent Kings, neuer since Lewes the twelfth, surnamed the Father of the People.

The body of the King was full fiue dayes in the Hall of sorrow, during which time, the Comminaltie of Paris came flocking in to receiue the holy Water-sprinck∣ell: and the Friday after S. Iohn Baptist, the King hauing dined at the Hostell of Lon∣geuile departed some foure houres after noone, to performe his solemne prayers ouer the Coffin of the deceased King his Father.

Before his Maiesty marched the great Maister, or Prouost of the House, with his Lieutenants, apparrelled in long mourning Robes, and Chapperons on their Heads, followed with the Guard of Archers in their Cassocks and mourning Roabes, with their Chapperons in forme and fashion, that is to say, that all such as were appoin-to mourn, had certaine Bonnets and Caps on their Heads, & ouer all a Hood, which they tearme a Chapperon.

The Kings Guard of Swissers marched after them, which belonged to the great

Prouost: After the Swissers marched the Fifes and Drommes, all couered ouer with Blacke Cipresse; then followed the two hundred Gentlemen of the Kings House, their Pollaxes or Axes all couered with Cipresse, their points downeward: then came nine Heraulds in their Coates of Armes, marching two and two, with Mon∣ioy King of Armes all alone, and the last: Next vnto them, the Knights of the Or∣der of the Holy Ghost, euery one with his Collar and ornaments of his Order, which came ouer their Roabes, with Hoods accordingly.

After them came his Maiestie himselfe, with the Cardinall Francis, Duke of Ioieuse on the right hand, and rhe Cardinall of Sourdis on the other: his Maiestie was reue∣sted with a long mourning Roabe, and large sleeues of Scarlet dye, but Violet co∣lour, with a close Hood on his Head, without any Collar of his Order: the traile, or taile of this Garment of sorrow, was full fiue Els long, and supported by fiue Prin∣ces, whereof two were of the blood royall, that is to say, on the right hand Monsier le Prince of Conde, Francis de Burbon, and Monsier the Count Soysons, Charles of Burbon, and the three others were of the House of Lorraine, the Duke of Guise on the right hand, the Prince Ionueile, or Iainuile, his brother, on the left; and at the end of the traine the Duke D'elboeuf their Cosin: Next after his Maiestie, there was a di∣stance of place, and then were carried in mens Armes, for their infancy or tender yeares, the Dukes of Orleans, and Aniou, brothers to the King, in blacke Roabes with formall Hoods accordingly. For you must vnderstand, that in such a solemni∣ty, it is lawfull for none, but the King himselfe to weare Scarlet Violet, but if they had beene of age, then it belonged to them to carry vp the Kings traile, or the long taile of his Vestement; and after them followed the other Princes of the blood, a∣mongst whom was no stranger Prince admitted.

The King paced on foote from the said Hostell and House of Longue-Ville, to the Pallace or Castell of the Louure, whose first Port or Gate was all hung with blacke Serge, bedecked with a Funerall Girdle, as it were, of blacke Veluet with the Armes of France and Nauarre, embrodered to the number of fiue, all of one fashion, and in the same manner it was furnished within, as well as without.

At the Doore or entrance of the great staircase his Maiesty was receiued by Mon∣sier the Duke of Fronsac, Count of Saint Paul: the Prince sirnamed of Orleans, and others of the House of Longueuile, with diuers Marshals of France and Knights of the order, which alwayes remained in the great Hall, before the body of the de∣ceased King his Father, where they kneeled vpon Cushions of Purple Veluet, hauing afterwards on either side the Kings brothers, my Lords the Dukes of Aniou and Or∣leans, who also kneeled vpon Cushions of blacke Veluet

There were also a great number of Archbishops and Bishops solemnely ••euested with hoods, or bonets of blacke Veluet ouer their white Sattin Miters. The Kings Chappell sung continually De Profundis, and other Musicall Psalmes, after whom the Cardinall de Perron, Archbishop of S••ns, and great Almonor of France made the ac∣customed Orisons, which being done, there was an aspersion and sprinkell of Ho∣ly Water vpon his Maiestie, who also cast the same vpon the body of the defunct; after him, my Lords the Enfans of France perform••d the like, onely those two that were the Kings brothers, but none of those, who did support the traile of the Kings Robe, or long Gowne: this Garment with the Hood of Scarlet Violet, belongeth properly to the Heraulds.

The same day about fiue houres and a halfe within night, my Lord the Chancel∣lour Sillery Brulart, and the Lords of the Counsell approached the Coffin, and be∣sprinkled the Body with Holy Water.

The day following being Saturday the six and twentie of Iune, about the eight houre in the morning, there was a Summons proclaimed for the enterment of the King. The Lord of Rhodes, Knight of both Orders, and great Maister of the Ce∣remonies in the Court of France, hauing receiued the stile and title of the deceased King at the hands of Monsier the Chancellour, and other the Lords of the Priuie Counsels, proceeded from place to place with foure and twenty Criers belonging to the body; certaine Diuines of Paris, and many other persons adorned with mourning roabes and countenances of sadnesse. The first Summons was in the Court of Parlia∣ment,

from thence they went into the Chamber of Accounts, and so into the Court generall of the Kings aides, or Prerogatiue: from thence to the Mint, and so to the other Offices giuing warning of the Kings entertainment.

When these Ceremonies were dispatched abroad, the Maister of the Ceremonies with his foure and twenty Criers and Proclaimers returne back againe to the Louure, and so came before the Marble Table in the great Hall of the Pallace, & after they haue sounded certaine little Bels, Monsier Melon the principall amongst them, pub∣lished the Kings title, and with an audable voyce proclaimed the Superscription in this manner.

Noble and honorably deuoted persons, pray for the soules of the most high, most puissant, and most excellent Prince Henry the great, by the grace of God, the renowned Christian King of France and Nauarre, most happy, most victorious, and incomparable in all clemencie, mercy and magnanimitie, who is departed out of this world at the Pallace of the Louure: looke I say, that you doe pray religiously, that God may receiue his soule. For on Thursday, some two houres after Noone the body of his Maiestie shall be aduanced, and carried into the Cathedrall Church of Paris, where must be continuall Mattins, and Vigils said for the dead; the day after, early in the morning, the Prayers and Seruice accustomed are for to be solemnely celebrated, and when all is done, the body to be transported to Saint Denis, and there to be inhumed and buried with all princely solemnitie; looke you pray then, that God receiue his soule.

This was the manner and Tenour of that Cry and Proclamation made first in the Pallace, and afterward in the foure quarters of the great Citie of Paris, beginning at the Hostell or before the Towne House: the great Gates during the three dayes of the interment all couered with Blacke Serge, bedecked with quarters, or Scutche∣ons of blacke Veluet, with the Armes of France and Nauarre.

The same day of the Summons, at the tenth houre or there abouts, or at tenne a Clocke, the Court in their Pallace Robes, went solemnely to giue the Holy Water to the deceased body. At one of the Clocke came the Chamber of accounts: at two the Court of Aides or Prerogatiues: at three, the Officers of the Mint, & so follow∣ed the Vniuersity▪ the Ciuilians, and the whole body of the Burgesses of Paris.

On Tuesday, being Saint Peters day, about Noone, all the Parishes with the Col∣legiate and Monastery Churches of Paris, did goe to giue the Holy water sprinckle, and so to say the accustomed Prayers in the Church ouer the body of the Defunct: they entred by the doore by the great Staires, and departed by that of the Hall of sorrow, and went out marching in order with measured distance, and so continued in Saint Germans Church, called the Church of Pickaxes, from whence they de∣parted within two houres by the Principall Gate, and tooke the Streete of the Louure, otherwise named Austruch, for to get into the great Streete of Saint Honore, and so they turned by the Crosse of Trayor, all along the ditch of Saint Germaines, other∣wise called the Streete of dry Trees, and so passed ouer the new Bridge, turning by the Key or Wharfe of the Augustines, marching by Saint Michaels Bridge to the new quarter and Streete of our Ladies Church, where all the Companies of his Ma∣iesties Guard were ranged in order, euen to the doores of the Church: but for the better vnderstanding of this Solemnitie, they were thus Marshalled.

First came the Captaine Marchand, Colonell of the Archers of the Citie of Paris, and his Lieutenants in their habilliments of mourning, followed by the three Com∣panies of the Guard of the Citie, in their Iackets or Cassockes with mourning Hoods ouer their Heads. The one sort or company abased their Halberds, their points al∣most touching the ground: the second company carried their Bowes and Qui∣uers reuersed: the third Company had their Harquebusses in the bought of their Armes, sustained by one hand, and in the other a burning Torch of two pound weight with the Scutcheon and Armes of the Citie, which is, A Field Gueulles, a Ship vnder saile Argent well rigged, and in good Equipage, on a Cheef of France.

After these companies came the new sect of the Francisian Friers, of the suburbs of S. Martins, & those called de Picque-puce: the Capuchins and Minorites, carrying their great Cross of wood; the poore Schollers of Mont Aigu Colledg in Paris; the Cordeliers,

Friers Iacobins, Augustines, and Carmelites, the Fuellants in a browne habit, with all the other Orders, as well in the Parishes, as Monasteries; hauing euery one foure Torches of yellow Wax of two pounds a pe••ce, with the double Armes of the King.

After them followed more then fiue hundred poore men in long mourning gownes from the top to the toe, with hoods ouer their heads. After them followed the lame Souldiers, maintained by the charity of Christian people; in the same abillements as the poore men were: euery one carrying a burning Torch, with the double Armes of the King. Next them, the 24. sworne Criers of Paris.

Then came the Knight de ••uest, with his Lieutenants and Souldiers, as wel on foot as on horsebacke, trayling their blacke Ensignes on the ground. A little after, on the right hand, marched the Sergeants of the Verge of the Guildhall in Paris, in a blacke Vestment, or short cloake, with their swords by their sides, and Truncheons in their hands, blacked at the two ends: and then followed the Sergeants of Horse on foote, as the rest. On the left hand, were the Sergeants of the State-house (or Guildhall) in their Liueries. After these, came the publike Notaries of the Courts of Iustice, in garments and hoods of Mourning: and next them, the Commissaries of the same Courts.

The Prouost of Paris, was mounted on horsebacke, with a Truncheon in his hand couered with blacke Veluet. He was apparrelled in a long Robe of the Serge of Flo∣rence; it had a traile or traine of two Elles, supported with three of his owne name, with a hood ouer his head: before him, marched sixe Sergeants of the twelue, with their Cassockes, and hoods ouer their heads, their Halberds and Partisans downward to the ground. He was attended on with Vshers, Audiencers, and Registers, with the three Lieutenants, Ciuill, Criminall, and Particular, with Councellers, Aduocates, & Proctors, belonging both to the King, and the Iudicatures.

After these, on the right hand, followed the Sergeants on Horsebacke, who orde∣red the squadrons of the Castles; and on the left, after the Sergeants of the Towne-house, followed the Commanders of Wards, with their Deputies. Wee may resem∣ble them to Aldermens Deputies, or Captaines of Fifties, Squadrons, and Tenn••s. Then came those who had beene Shrieues, with the foure and twenty Councellours of the City.

Heere was another diuision: and so there marched after them diuers Religious Or∣ders. Such as were of the Holy Crosse of Bretonnery, the Billeres, the white Cloakes: those of Saint Catherine du Val, the Schollers, and the Mathurins. Then followed in order all the Parishes: Saint Paul, S. Cosme, S. Estien of the Mount, S. Medard, S. Eu∣stace, S Crosse of the Citty, S. Sauiour, S. Iames of the Shambles, S. Innocent, S. Iosse, S. Germain the old, S. Landry, S. Leu, S. Gilles, S. Geruais, S. Nicholas of the Field, S. Laurence, S. Peter among the Beeues, S Andrew de Laas, S. Hillary, S Geneuiefue of Ardents, S. Peter of Arcis, S. Christopher, S. Martiall, S Iohn in the Grene, S. Nicholas of Chardonet, S. Bartholmew, S. Seuerin, S. Iames of the Hospitall, S. Magdalen, S. ••e∣nis de la Chartre, S. Sulpice, and S. Marcel.

Now you must consider, that in this solemnity of Marching, the most ancient Pa∣rishes of Paris are those which are last named, and so must take precedency of the first, and the like is to be obserued in the other Orders of Religion, and the Churches Col∣legiates.

After the Parishes, marched the Religious Orders of Bernardine, S. Maglory, S. Vi∣ctor, S. Martin in the Field, S. German the neerer, and S. Geneuieue of the Mount, all which tooke the right hand. Then on the left hand, followed the Churches called the Daughters of our Lady, that is to say, S. Estienne of the Greekes, the Sepulcher, S. Op∣portune, S. Honore, S. Benoit the conuerted, S. Mederic, and S. Germaine of the Aux∣errois.

Then on the left hand followed the holy Chappell of the Pallace, and on the right, our Lady of Paris, and these onely sung through the Towne.

After the holy Chappel, marched the whole body of the Vniuersity; before whom came their Beadles in mourning vestments, ouer which were certaine coats of Armes of Violet Taffata, fringed with silke of the same colour painted all ouer, euen from the necke or Collar, with an artificiall Cloud, out of which issued a hand, holding a booke

of Gueules, filletted with Gold, vpon three Flower de Lizes of the same, which is the Armes of the Vniuersity: the Masters and Gouernors of the Colledges, marched a∣long in their furred Cappes: and the Rector or Vice-Chancellour came face to face with the Deane of our Ladies Church.

Betweene the Canons of the Church of Paris, and the professors of Physicke, and other Sciences marched the Kings Musitians, euery one in a Surplesse, and a Hoode on the left shoulder.

After the Clergy and Vniuersity of Paris, marched along the Harbengers, Messen∣gers, Postes for the packets, Courtiers, Masters ouer the Postes, with their Mourning Robes, Hoods on their heads, and the Scutcheon of France vppon their brests on the left side: they were conducted by the Lord de Varenne, Comptroller generall of the Postes.

Then followed the Officers of the great and smaller Stables.

After them, marched the Hoboyes, Trumpets, Fifes, and Drummes, not sounding at all, but all turn'd topsie-turuie, the mouths of their Instruments downward, their Bannerols wound vp, their hoods or hats very low carried, and their head bare.

Then came Monsieur de Crequy, Master of the Campe, with the Captaines, Lieu∣tenants, and Ensignes of the regiments of the Guards, who were all on the right hand: and on the o••her, Signeur de la Curee, with the Captains and Cornets of the squadrons of Light-horse.

After them, marched the great Prouost of the Hostel Belangreuille on Horse-backe; followed of his Lieutenants and Archers on foote, hauing their Mourning Robes, without their Hoods, and beneath their Cassockes carrying their Halberds very low.

Next, came the Captaine of the Porters Lodge of the Louure, with all his Atten∣dants. Then the Captaine of the Switz on horsebacke, followed with an hundred Switz on foot of the Corps du Guard, their Ensigne halfe rowled vp, carried on their shoulder, and couered with blacke Cypers, all their Armes turned backward.

Then followed two hundred Gentlemen of the Kings Pallace, in mourning habits, Hoods on their heads, their Halb••rds or Axes couered with black Cypres, with their points downward. Then came the Officers of the Kings house on the right hand, with the Gentlem••n seruitors, and the Masters of the Hostell, their Truncheons couered with blacke Cypers, the end pointing to the ground. On the left hand marched the Officers of the Mint, the Court of Aydes, and the Chamber of Accompts, with such as appertained vnto them.

Presently followed twelue Pages of Honor, apparrell••d in blacke Veluet, b••re hea∣ded, the hats carried very low, booted, spurr'd, and mounted on horsebacke, couered with blacke Veluet, crossed with white S••ttin, without Armes; euery horse led by a Footman all in blacke, bare-headed, and their hats carried very lowe.

Then marched the Squires and Querries, with twelue Armourers and sumpter hor∣ses with Armes; after whom came du Vidame du Mans, Captain of the hundred Gen∣tlemen of the Kings Chamber.

Next vnto him followed the Bishop, first Confessor to the d••ceased King, instead of the Bishop of Paris, who was wont to go next before the Corpes or Coffin, after the fashion of Curates or parish Parsons, who follow the domest••cke seruants of the De∣funct, and are immediately betweene the body, and them: but after the Pourtraitures of the Kings were diuided from their true bodies, the Bishoppe of Paris being the first Curate, and Ordinary of the King in euery place where he shall remaine, ought to fol∣low the body in his Diocesse, to deliuer it to those of S. Denis in France. For, in re∣gard that Paris is the cheefe City of the sacred Realme of France, the Bishop thereof hath the chiefe cure and care of the true body, till it be disposed of into the ground: and this is the reason, why the Diuine Seruice is celebrated at all times in the Kings Chappell, after the manner of Paris, and therefore the Bishop of Paris attending now the true corps of the Defunct to Saint Denis, another Bishop the first Confessor of the King, went immediatly before the portraiture, as it was now in the Chariot, with a crosse borne before him, and two Almoners following after.

Now came the Chariot of Estate, in which lay the Effigies of the deceased King. It was all couered ouer downe to the ground with black Veluet, crossed vvith crosses

of white Sattin, cantonned or quartered with sixe great Scocheons with the Armes of France and Nauarre, with the two Orders of the King with rich Imbroidery. It was drawne along with six horses, two and two, couered with blacke Veluet, crossed with crosses of white Sattin: on the left side, vpon the first and last horses, were two coach∣men in blacke Veluet, bare-headed, and Hoods hanging full lowe.

Round about the Chariot of Armes, marched the Archers of the Scotch Guard in a mourning habite ouer their white Cassockes, with their Hoods on their shoulders; their Halberds and Partizans couered with blacke Cypres, their points caried down∣ward, as you heard before.

In the Front before, were the Lords Vitry, Praslin, and Montespan, Captains of the Kings Guard, in their Mourning Robes, and Hoods on their heads.

There followed them, the Kings Almoners, Preachers, and Confessors, and then sixteene Bishops, two and two, with the Archbishop of Lions, all on foot, reuested as the first Confessor of the King, with caps of black Veluet ouer their Miters of White Sattin.

After them, marched the Bishops of Chalons, Noyon, and Beauuais, reputed Earles: the Bishop of Laon, a Duke (the Bishop and Duke of Langres, was at this time exemp∣ted by reason of sicknesse,) and the Archbishop and Duke of Reimes, Peeres of France: and these were mounted on their Mules.

After them, marched Myron, Bishoppe of Angiers; representing the person of the great Almoner of France Iames Duny, Cardinall du Peron, excused by his Gout.

After whom followed the Lord of Bon-Oeil, being on horseback alone, in his robes of Mourning, and the Hood vpon his head, which we call due forme. And after him came the Ambassadors of Sauoye, of Venice, and of Spaine, mounted on Horsebacke, attyred in their Mourning Garments, and without Hoods. Each of them was condu∣cted by a Bishop, mounted vpon his Mule.

Then followed after, the two Nuntio's to the Pope, mounted on their Mules, with their Conducters.

The Ordinary, conducted by the Archbishop of Embrun.

The Extraordinary, by the Archbishop of Aix in Prouence, both the one & other, as well as the Bishops, Peeres of France: and they which conducted the Ambassadors, were cloathed with their Violet Saplers and Rochets, and likewise their great Copes. After the Nuntios marched The Car∣dinalles

• De Ioyeuse, Archbishop of Rouen. And,
• The Car∣dinalles De Sourdis, Archbishop of Burdeaux, with their Violet Coapes, and Mules adorned with the same.

So finished the solemne Funerall Pompe: after which, were carried the Honors of the deceased King: but before his Picture or Effigie, which seemed as if it had beene liuing. And yet notwithstanding, all they which carried it, were cloathed in Mour∣ning, with Hoods on their shoulders, and square Caps on their heads.

First of all,

Three Heralds of Armes of France marched equally together, hauing their Coates of Armes ouer their Mourning Gownes, their Hoods vpon their shoulders, black Vel∣uet Caps (of the old fashion) on their heads, and their Scepters in their hands, coue∣red with blacke Cobweb Lawne all ouer.

The Lord of Rhodes, Great Master of the Ceremonies of France, Knight, and high Prouost of both the Kings Orders, Prime Esquire, Caruer, and Bugle-bearer vnto the King, riding alone on horsebacke, in his Mourning habit, and Hoode vpon his head; bearing a Lance pointed with Blew, and headed with Golde, which was the Phanon Carre, that is to say, The Cornet of France, made of violet Veluet, semed with Flower de Luces d'Or de Cypre, in rich Embroidery, more full then wanting any, Frindged verie largely with Gold.

It was followed by the Cornets of the Marches and Prouinces of France, appertai∣ning to the Sacred Domaine of the King. To wit, the Viscounties, Counties, Duke∣domes, Peeredomes, and other Seigneuries on the Frontiers of the Kingdome; and of them which (by right) belonged to the Crowne of France.

The VISCOVNTIES.

BEARNE.

A Soueraigne Viscountie, holding the Parliament at Pa••,

[illustration]

with two Bishopprickes, and thirteen Baronies. Porte d'Or, a Deux Vaches de Gueulles, accornees, Accolees, & clarines de Gueules, Coronnes d'vn Cercle.

Bearne, King of Armes, with his Coate of yellow Veluet, assi∣sted by two Heralds▪

Her Cornet of yellow Sattin, the Lance painted with the same colour, and charged with the same Armes: carried by Sir N. re∣presenting the prime Baron of Bearn.

LIMOGES.

AN Ancient Viscountie, and Patrimonie to the Dukes D'Albret, Kings of N••uar. Porte d'Ermines (which we speak in one word of Bretaign) a la Bordure de Gueules. It is of the Parliament of Guienne.

Limoges, Herald of Armes▪ his Coat of white Veluer, with the Armes of his March

The Cornet of white Sattin, the Lance painted white, charged with the said Arms. Carried by the Seneschall of Limosin.

The COVNTIES.

COMMENGE.

THe Frontier March of Spaine, within the Pyrenean Mountaines. After that, the Lords thereof were conuerted to the Christian Faith, they tooke for Armes, De Gueules a quatre Otelles (which are blanched Almonds) d'Argent disposees en Saul••oir. And for deuice, these words: En Croyant, Nous Amandons.

Commenge, Herauld of Armes, with his Coat of red Veluet.

The Cornet of Red or Crimson Sattin, the Launce painted with the same colour, cha••ged with the said Armes: carried by the Viscount of Pegulhan, of the sirname & Armes of Commenge, and hereditary Seneschall of the same Countie.

Saint GILLES.

A County, March, and Prouince, Frontiering on the Mediterranean Sea in Langue∣dock. Porte de Gueules, a Six Chasteaux d'Or. 3.2.1.

S Gilles Herald of Armes, wearing his Coat of Crimson Veluet.

The Cornet of Crimson Sattin, the Launce so painted, charged with the sayde Armes: carried by the Seneschall of Nismes, and of Beauquaire.

PROVENCE.

[illustration]

A County of very great extendure, Limitrophing on the Medi∣terranean Sea, and the Alpes. Porte d'Or, a Qua••re Paulx de Gueules, au Chef de France sans nombre. Shee hath her Parliament, and two Metropolitane Cities.

• Aix, where the Parliament is kept; And
• Arles, tearmed the White.

Prouence, King of Armes, cloathed with the saide Liueries, be∣tweene two Heralds of his March.

The Cornet of yellow Sattin, with the foresaid Armes, and co∣loured Lance: carried by the high Seneschall of Prouence. It is a Parliament apart, or by it selfe, and of resort therto, are the Counts of Folqualqu••er, and the Lands adiacent.

The horse of State, trapt and couered with yellow Satten, fringed with Gold, and bearing the said Armes; and the like Armes enamelled on the horses Chaufraine. A Plume of the Colour and Mettall of the saide County. The horse being ledde by the two chiefe Barons of Prouence.

L'Escu d'Or, Blazonne des Armes, Coronees du Cercle: caried vpon the top of a staffe, printed Gueules and Gold, by the prime Viscount of Prouence.

BRESS•• and BAVGIE.

THe Counties of Bresse and B••ugie, revnited to the Sacred Crowne of France, in ex∣change for the Marquisate of Saluces; done by the said King Henry the Great, of famous memory. M••rche•• and Frontiers of Sauoye, and of the County of Bourgongne, are ann••xed to the Gouernment, and resort to the Parliament of Bourgongne at Dijon, with the Bayliwickes of G••••x, and of Ve••omey.

Bresse. Porte d'Argent a la B••nde d'Azur, 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Deux Lyons de mesme, l'vn en Chef, & l'autre en Poinct.

B••ugre. Porte de Gueules, au Lyon s••ne d'Ermines, Arme, Lampasse, & Coronne d'Or.

The Cornet of red Sattin, charged with the Armes quartered of Bresse and Baug••e carried by the Bayliff•• of the Countries.

ARTOIS.

A Countie, Peeredome, and Appan••ge of France, resorting to the Parliament at Pa∣ris. De France, au Lambeau de Gueules de Quatre pieces, charge de Do••ze Chaste∣••••x d'Or.

The Cornet of sky colour Sattin, with the saide Armes, carried by the Bayliffe of Artois.

BOLOGNE vpon the Sea.

A Countie and Frontiere on the Ocean Sea, resorting to the Parliament of Paris. Porte d'Or, a trois Torteaux de Gueules. 2, 1. Escartele d'Or, au Gonfanon de Gueules, Frange de Synople.

The Cornet of yellow Sattin, with the saide Armes painted: borne by the Bayliffe of Lou••••nois.

HOYE, and GVINES.

BOth in one Countie, and Frontering the Ocean Sea: But Callis is the Capitall Citty, a Gouernement a part by it selfe, and resorting vnto the Parliament of Paris.

The Cornet of yellow Sattin (the Lance painted with the same colour) charged with the Armes of the said Countie, which are Vaire, Contre-Vaire d'Or, d'Or et d'A∣zur: carried by the Bayliffe of Guines.

VERMANDOIS.

WHich is a Countie, Limitrophing on the Ocean Sea, and vpon the Estates of Flanders, comprehending the Gouernements of Piccardie, Amiens, of Mont∣d••dier, Peronne and Roye; As also Abbeuille, Ponthieu, and the March of Corbie. This Prouince is of long extend••re, and resorteth to the Parliament at Paris. It was (in former times) the second Gouernement of France, giuen to the second Prince of the Illustrious blood of France.

Porte Eschiquete d'Or, ••t d'Azur de Cinq Traicts.

Vermandois, King of Armes of Piccardie, his Coate of yellow Veluet, Es••quichete d'Azur e•• Broderie, with his two Heralds.

The Cornet of yellow S••ttin, with the Armes of the March, carried by the Bayliffe of V••rmandois.

The horse of Honor, with the same adornment of Veluet, and Armed Chanfraine, 〈◊〉〈◊〉 o•• Mettall and Colour, led by long Cordions of S••lke of the same colour, and by the two prime Barons of Piccardie.

POICTOV.

BEing a Countie and March of very great extendure, bounded with the Ocean sea. It was long since erected into a Peeredome, and the Resort to the Parliament of France, which is at Paris. Porte de Gueules, a Cinq Tours d'Or, Massonnees de Sable e•• Saultoir.

Poictou, King of Armes for this rich Prouince, with his Coate of Crimson Veluet, bearing Armes of the Countie, with his two Heralds.

The Cornet of the same, and carried by the Seneschall of Poictou.

The horse of Honor, in like maner as before, conducted by the two chiefe Barons of Poictou.

The Shield of Armes, the same: carried by the first Viscount of Poictou.

Auncient Counties and Peeredomes, and euen to this present Honoured with the Title of Precedency, at the Sa∣cring of our most Christian Kings.

TOLOSSA.

[illustration]

BEing a Countie, and the capitall City of Languedock, honoured with a Metropolitane Sea, with a Parliament of France, and with an Vniuersitie the most famous of Christendome. Porte de Gueules, a la Croix Cleschee, & Terminee de Douze Pommes d'Or.

Tolossa, King of Armes, his Coate of crimson Veluet, semed with the Armes of his March, in rich Embroiderie of Gold, going in the midst, betweene his two Heralds.

The Cornet of crimson Sattin, carried by the Seneschall of To∣lossa.

The horse of Honor, as before.

The Shield of the Peeredome in the same manner. This is the third Peeredome in account.

CHAMPAIGNE.

A Countie Palatinate, and a great March, resorting to the Parliament of France, ac∣counted for the second Peeredome. Porte d'Azur, a deux Cottices d'Argent, Po∣tencees, & Contrepotencees de Treize pieces d'Or.

Champaigne, King of Armes for this great March; his Coate of Skye-coloured Veluet, with the Armes of his March in embroidery of Gold, and going in the midst betweene his two Heralds.

The Cornet of blew Sattin, carried by the Bayliffe of Troyes.

The horse of Honor as before, lead by the two chiefe Barons of Champaigne.

The Shield of the Peeredome, carried by the Count of Vertus.

FLANDERS.

IT being a Countie and Peeredome of France, of Ancient resort to the Parliament at Paris; and the prime Peeredome amongest the Counties. Porte d'Or, au Lyon de Sable.

Flanders, King of Armes, cloathed in his Coat of yellow Veluet, embroydred with the Armes of his March, and going in the midst betweene the two Heralds thereof.

The Cornet of yellow Sattin, carried by the Bayliffe of Flanders.

The Horse of Honor, in forme as before, and led by two Barons of Flanders.

The DVKEDOMES.

KIng Henry the Great, of whose Obsequies and Honourable Funerall Pompe, we are now making relation, being in peacefull possession of the Kingdome, made an

Ordinance and declaration, concerning the vniting of his Ancient Patrimony, depen∣ding vpon the Crowne of France, and of that whereof he was Lord, when hee came to the saide Crowne. Giuen at Paris in the moneth of Iuly, and yeare of Grace, one thousand, sixe hundred and seuen. Signed Henry, and on the Fold, By the King, De Lomenie (the said Lord de Lomenie, Counceller to the King in his Councels of Estate and Priuate, and chiefe Secretary of his Commands: Porte d'Or, a vn Arbre de Syno∣ple, au Chef d'Azur charge de Trois Lozanges d'Argent.) So that by meanes of the sayd Ordinance, the Viscounties of Bearn and of Limoges; the Counties of Foix, of Armag∣nack, and other Seigneuries came to the Crowne. Among which, is the Dukedome of Albret, the Auncient Patrimony of the Kings of Nauarre, Iohn, Henry the first, and Iane d'Albret, Queene of Nauarre, Mother to King Henry the Great: which was done to preserue the memory of this Royall Ligne.

ALBRET.

WHich is a Dukedome, on the Frontiers of Gascoignie and Nauarre, resorting to the Parliament of Guienne, the Capitall City whereof, is Tartas. Portoit de France, Escartelle de Gueules.

Albret, King of Armes, in his Coate of crimson Veluet, assisted by two Heraulds of his March.

The Cornet of crimson Sattin, borne by the Seneschall of the Country.

The horse of Honor, in manner as before, ledde by the two cheese Barons of the Country.

The Shield carried by the prime Viscount.

BRETAIGNE.

[illustration]

A Dukedome of very great extendure, coasted along with the Ocean Sea, which hath her Parliament alone by her selfe at Rennes, and her Chamber of Accompts or Exchequer at Nautes. Porte d'Argent seme d'Hermines de Sable. Howbeit, this ought to be otherwise contraried, according to the naturall whitenesse of the Hermine, to wit, De Sable, aux Ermines d'Argent, sans nom∣bre.

Bretaigne, King of Armes, wearing his Coate of white Veluet, powdred with Ermines; going in the middest betweene the two Heralds of his March.

The Cornet of white Sattin; carried by

The horse of Honor, couered with white Veluet, spotted with Ermines, the Armes on the Chaufraine, with Lambrequins of white and blacke▪ M.

The Shield of the saide Dukedome. P.

Ancient Dukedomes and Peeredomes, being honoured to this present, with the Title of Assistance, at the Sacring of our Most Christian Kings.

GVIENNE.

[illustration]

ANciently called Aquitaine, a Dukedome and Peeredome of France, the chiefe City whereof is Bourdeaux, honored with a Metropolitan Sea, and with a Court of Parliament: wherunto re∣sorteth the Prouinces of Agenois and of Condonois, Les Landes, Pe∣rigort, Xaintonge and Limosine, and hauing a very famous Vniuersi∣ty. Porte de Gueules, a vn Leopard d'Or.

Guienne, King of Armes, habited in his Coat of crimson Veluet, going betweene two Heralds of his March.

The Cornet of crimson Satin, caried by the Senescal of Guienne.

The horse of Honor in like manner. M.

The Shield of the Dukedome, as before. P.

NORMANDIE.

[illustration]

IN former times the Dutchy of Normandie, was named Neustria, a principall Dutchy and Palatine of France, whereof the princi∣pall or capitall City is named Rouen, a Metropolitane Towne, and seat of Court of Parliament, formerly called Eschicquier. Porte de Gueules, a deux Leopards d'Or.

Normandie King of Armes, in his Coat of Crimson red Veluet with the Armes of his Limitation, hauing as assistant, two other Heralds, in the same manner.

The Cornet was of crimson Sattin doubled, supported by the great Seneschall or Steward of the Prouince.

The horse of Honor was caparisond in the same manner, & led by an Officer in state.

The Escocheon of Armes was also carried by a man of quality. N.N.

BOVRGVNDIE.

[illustration]

THis Dutchy is the principall and ancient Peere of Fraunce, whose Court of Parliament is kept at Dijon in the Diocesse of Langres, a principall Dutchy belonging to the Church. Porte Ba••∣de d'Or & d'Azur, de Six pieces a la Bordure de Gueules, Escartelle de France a la Bordure componnee d'Argent, & de Gueules.

Bourgongne King of Armes in his coat of Violet Veluet with the Armes of his Prouince, betweene two other Heraldes in the same Furniture.

The Cornet of Watchet Sattin, or serene Azure, supported by the Bayliffe of the Dutchy.

The horse of Honor caparisond in blew or Violet Veluet, as the Heralds, led or conducted by N.N.

The Scutcheon of this Principality, was open or hollow aboue, and in the middle a double Flower de Luce of Gold, carried by N.

Dukedomes erected, as Peeres of France, being the Portion and Reuennues belonging to the maintenance of my Lords, the Kings Children.

EVREVX.

THe Dutchy of Eureux, was the auncient Patrimony and portion of the Kings of Nauarre, after Monsieur or the Lord Lewis of France was made Earle of Eureux: (he was sonne of King Philip the Hardy, sonne of S. Lewis) and Father of Philip d'Eu∣reux King of Nauarre, by reason of his wife the Lady Iane of France, daughter vnto King Lewis Hutine. The Armes of Eureux are those of France, a la Bande Componnee d'Argent, & de Gueules, as is to be seene at this day in the Coine of Nauarre.

Eureux, King of Armes, in his Coate of France, assisted with two Heraldes of the Prouince.

The Cornet in the same manner.

The horse of Honor accordingly.

The Scutcheon of Eureux, with the Crest and Supporters of France.

VENDOSME.

THis Dutchy was the ancient Patrimony of the Kings of Nauarre, by the sirname of Bourbon, the first Prince of the Blood. It beares De France, au Baston de Gueules charge de trois Lyons d'Argent, the Crest of France, which is a double Flower de luce.

Vendosme King of Armes in his Coat of Violet Veluet, with the Armes of the Pro∣uince, assisted with two Heralds.

The Cornet in the same manner.

The Horse of Honour accordingly.

The Scutcheon with the Crest of France, &c.

ALENSON.

THe Patrimonie and reuenew of the yongest Sonne or second of France, before the Duchy of Valois was annexed, or reunited to the Crowne: it beares of France, a border Gueulles charged with eight Besans Siluer, the Heralds call them plats. Alenson King of Armes in his Coate of Violet Veluet with the Armes of his Prouince betweene his Heralds.

A Cornet.

A Horse of Honour.

A Scutcheon with the Crest of France, as before.

ANIOV and TOVRAINE.

THe ordinary Patrimony and portion of the third Sonne of France. The Armes of Aniou are as those of France, within a Border Gueulles.

The Armes of Touraine are as those of France, within a Border engrayled and componee of Or and Gueulles.

Touraine King of Armes in his Coate of Violet Veluet with his Heralds.

Cornet.

Horse of Honour.

Scutcheon, with the Crest of France.

Aniou, King of Armes in his Coate of Violet Veluet, with his Heralds.

Cornet.

Horse of Honour or State.

The Scutcheon, as the former.

ORLEANS and MILAN diuided or vnited together.

[illustration]

THe portion and patrimonie appertaining to the second Son of France: the Armes of France with a Lambeaux, or Table of Siluer. Milan beares Argent with a Giure of Azure scaled Gueulles.

Millan King of Armes in his Coate of white Veluet, seme de Giures assisted with the Heraulds of the same Prouince.

Cornet of double white Satten.

The Escutcheon accordingly.

Orleans King of Armes in his Coate of Violet Veluet, semy de France, with his Heralds.

Cornet Blew or Azure Sattin.

The Horse of State in Violet Veluet.

The Scutcheon, accordingly as in the rest.

DAVLPHINE.

[illustration]

THis principality is the portion or reuenew of the first or el∣dest Sonne of France, Heire apparant to the Sacred Crowne of the Floure de Luce by his birth: which is a Principate esta∣blishing his Court of Parliament at Grenoble, and from thence is the Principality of Orenge raised, or set vp, as we haue said else∣where.

Monsieur le Dalphine beares as France, quartred with a Dalphine: the Field de Or, the Dolphine Azure.

Dalphine King of Armes, in his Coate of Violet Veluet, with a Crowne for his Prerogatiue.

Cornet; Violet Veluet.

The Horse of Honour or State, as the same.

The Scutcheon accordingly, but that these honours and markes of Soueraigntie were carried and mannaged by the foure Barons of Dalphine, after whom followed those markes of Soueraigntie, which immediately belonged to the Crowne of France, namely:

IERVSALEM and SICIL.

[illustration]

THe King of Armes of the same name,

[illustration]

with his Coate of Violet Veluet between his Heralds.

The Cornet of Violet Veluet.

The Horse of honour, couerd or caparised with Violet Veluet, semy a border of Gold of Cipresse, with a Lambeau or Table of red Veluet.

The Scutchion of Sicell, as of France with a Label Gueulles, and a Crowne of Floure de Luces.

HIERVSALEM.

THe King of Armes of the said name, in a Coate of white Veluet with the great Crosse of Hierusalem, embrodred with Gold of Cypresse, with his Herald.

Cornet of the same.

Horse of State likewise.

The Scutcheon of the same Realme.

FRANCE and NAVARRE.

[illustration]

THe King of Armes of the same name with

[illustration]

his Coate of crimson red Veluet all alone, his Heralds going before.

The sixe Prouinces of that Kingdome.

• ...Low Nauarre.
• ...D'Olite.
• ...Tudelle.
• ...Sanquessa.
• ...Viana.
• ...Pampelone.

The Heralds hauing their Coates of redde Veluet with the Armes of their diuisions, the last the lesser, the first more fuller.

The Cornet.

The Horse of Honour.

The Scutcheon of Nauarre within his Order of Lillies, or Floure de Luces.

After them followed the Cornet with the colours and liueries of his Maiesty, the most Christian King; Orenge, white and blew, powdred or couered all ouer with Hercules Clubs in a border of Argent, with his Maiesties deuise, which is an H. crow∣ned, enterlaced with two Scepters in Saltoir, a Sword in Pale ouer all, with a rich border of Gold of Cipresse, with the Motto or words as about the edge of a piece of Coine.

DVO. PROTEGIT. VNVS.

This Deuise is remarkeable, and to be seene in all the pieces of Gold or Florins of his noble ancestors, or in the Flowrets of euidences; the Penons and Guidons were of the same colours, liueries, and deuises carried by N. N.

The Helmet of Gold crowned open before, the Crest double Lillies or Floure de Luces, de Or: the Labels of the files of the same colours, and Liueries car∣ried by N.

The Shield of Gold crowned, charged with the Deuise: carried by N.

The Horse of estate couered or caparisond with blew Veluet, with a rich border of Gold and Siluer, linked with the same, and the same Deuise, led by N.

The great Standard of blew Sattin with the deuise, colours, and brodery of Gold of Cypresse, caried by N.

After these followed

Another great Standard of blew Sattin, or colour of the serene heauen, doubled with a rich brodery of Floure de Luces of Gold of Cipresse, yet voyded so plainely, that you might behold a plaine Crosse of white Sattin, which is the Crosse of France, supported or carried by N.

The great Standard of Saint Michael, the guardian Angell of France, of double blew Sattin or Azure, rich embrodered with Gold and Cipresse, powdred with Stars of Gold, carried or supported by N.

The great Standard of Saint Denis, called Dionisius Areopagita, the Apostle of France, of double Sattin crimson red, powdred with flames of Gold, in a rich em∣brodery: Saint Denis reuested as of auncient time (according to the truth of the Sto∣ry) all in white, carrying his Skull betweene his hands: this Statue was supported or aduanced by N.

The great Standard of the holy Order of Saint Esprit, or the holy Ghost, made of double greene Sattin, with one pillar of Siluer, rancked with rich embrodery of Gold or hauing rankes, the rest powdred with flames of Gold most plainely voyded, a border of Ciphers with the Coller of the same Order, fringed with Gold.

The penon of France, of Violet Veluet semy, or powdred with Floure de Luces of Gold of Cipresse, carried by N.

The Guidon of the same, carried by N.

Another great Standard of France of the same, carried by N.

After which followed certaine Squires on Horsebacke, carrying his Maiesties Armes, that is to say:

His Spurres of Gold couered with Cipresse, vpon a Truncheou, couered with blacke Veluet, carried by Beniamin.

His Gauntlets in the same manner, carried by Beuis.

The Scutcheon of France with an Imperiall Diadem, and the two Orders of Saint Michael, and the Holy Ghost, round about, carried by Puluinel.

The Coat Armour of Violet Veluet powdred with Lillies of Gold of Cipresse most plainely voided, doubled of Violet Sattin, carried by the Viscount de L'Isle.

His Helmet of Gold with an Imperiall Crowne of the same, to which was adioy∣ned the mantell Royall of Violet Veluet, couered with Floure de Luces of Gold of Cipresse furred with Ermines; it was carried by the Lord Liencourt the first, or prin∣cipall Esquire.

The Kings Horse of honor couered, or caparisond with Violet Veluet, semy flow∣ry with golden Lillies of Cipresse, with fringes and crespines of the same, with the Labels and Plumes Violet and Yellow, it was led by three Esquires on foote: Lu Passe: Lu Ferte: & la Reuiere Breton.

After them marched Montioy, King of Armes of France, all alone

After him followed twelue Pages of the Chamber, apparrelled in blacke Veluet on foote, with Bonets on their heads of the same.

After them came on Horseback all alone Roger de Belgrade, great Esquire of France, carrying the Sword Royall in a Scarfe, the Scabberd, Girdell, and Hangers of Vio∣let Veluet, full of Floure de Luces of Gold of Cipresse embrodered, the whole coue∣red with Cipresse.

Then followed the Vshers of the Chamber, carrying their Maces of Gold couered with blacke Cipresse.

After them marched the Bishop of Paris, being the Kings Curat, or hauing the charge of the Kings body, with him of Angiers, representing Cardinall Peron, great Almoner of France.

After them came the Court of Parliament in Robes of red Scarlet, with Hoods of the same furred with Ermines, and Bonnets or Hats on their Heads, the Court of Parliament did not seeme to mourne, to show, that Iustice did not cease in France. In the midst of them, the portrature or effigies of the King was sumptuously carried in

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his bed of State, or Chariot of honor, with an Imperiall Crowne on his head, the Order of the Holy Ghost about his Coller or neck, the Scepter Royal in his right hand, and a hand of Iustice in the other, with a border of Ermines.

The couer or Canopy of this bed of State or Chariot of honor, vnder which (as you haue heard the portrature lay was supported or carried by the sixe Presidents of the great Chamber (Monsier the first President de Harlay, absent by reason of sicke∣nesse) apparrelled in their Mantels, Hoods, and Caps of maintenance on their head, a Vestment of honor vsed of auncient Monarkes and Potentates, the first two, who went before, were the President Mole on the right hand, and Iambeuile Camys on the other; in the middle were the President Thou and Sequire; behinde, came the Pre∣sident of Blanc mesnil Potier, and Forget.

Round about the Lords of the Parliament, marched some of the Scotch Guard.

After them followed the Prouost of Marchants Liury Sanguin, Counsellor of the great Chamber, with the foure Sheriffes of Paris in the Roabes of their Liuerie, with∣out mourning, carrying another Canopy or cloath of Estate, after the body. This Canopy was of Cloath of Siluer, damasked with great red branching worke, to the bottome of the same, crossed with white Sattin round, without any Coates of Armes, the Staues which vpheld it, couered with white Veluet. It was receiued of them or from them, by the Religious or Clergy of Saint Denis in France, at the bow∣ing of a Crosse in the Village of the Chappell, and then earried by th••m after the portrature vnto their Church, where the said Canopy remained euer after.

Next to the Sheriffes and the Prouost of the Merchants, marched in front, and on Horseback couered with blacke V••luet, crossed with white Sattin, the Duke of Fron∣sacke, Earle of Saint Paul, by the sirname of Orleans, representing the great Maister of the Hostell of France, and he carried in his right hand a Staffe, couered with blacke Veluet. In the middle came the Duke of Guise, carrying the great Banner of France of Violet Veluet, powdred with Floure de Luces of Gold of Cipresse, with a rich embrodery fringed with the same, he represented the great Chamberlaine of France; and the Baron de Thermes on the left hand, represented the first Gentleman of the Chamber.

After them marched the Lords, that were principall mourners, that is to say, my Lords: The Prince of Conde and Count Soisons, Princes of the bloud, Knights of the Order of the Holy Ghost, with their Orders aboue their necks, or Collers.

The Duke of Guise, Prince Ianuile, and Duke of Elbeuf; Princes of the House of Lorraine, but not Knights of the Order.

• The Dukes of Espernon, And
• Of Montbazon.

Knights of the said Order.

All riding on H••sebacke, one after another, with Chapperons on their Heads, and Collars of the Order vpon their mourning Roabes, hauing long traines, contai∣ning about fiue E••s in length, and carried vp by their Gentlemen.

After the great mourners, Marched in front

The Vsher and Herauld of Armes, Of the Order of the Holy Ghost, being fol∣lowed

By the High Treasurer, and the Register of the said Order: And they were followed

By nine Knights of the Order, being mourners on foot, according as all the rest of the Funerall Pompe were, which was composed of

Foure and twenty Pages, belonging to the Kings Stable, wearing Coates and Night-Cap of blacke Veluet.

An hundred Gentlemen of the Kings House.

Foure Tr••mpets, couered with blacke Cypresse, bearing their Trompets Boccales downeward.

Foure Banners, of foure Companies of Archers of the Kings Guard, consisting of foure different Cullers, as namely Red, Green, Blew and Ash-Culler, couered likewise with black Cypresse, the Cullers trailing on the ground, and the Guard the heads of their Halberds in like manner.

Such was the traine of this enterment, wherein were counted ten thousand per∣sons cloathed in mourning, and teares trickling downe their cheekes, for the most part of them.

The Streetes of Paris, where the Conuoye passed for the two first dayes, were hung all with blacke, the most part of them being blacke Veluet, with the Armes of the deceased King, and of the Citie.

At euery sixt House, all along the said Streetes, stood men in mourning, each one holding a lighted Torch in his hand, bearing the Armes of the Citie: the principall Gate whereof was hung with blacke Serge, and thereon blacke Veluet also, with the Armes of the dead King, during the three dayes of the Obsequies and Fune∣rall.

The Churches of our Lady in Paris, and of Saint Denis in France, were hung with Serge, and blacke Veluet vpon it, with Armes of the deceased King. The bodies of those Churches, the Quires, the Wings, Crossings, Trauersings, Pillers and Vaults, both aboue and below, were full of burning Waxe Lights, each of them containing a pound weight, and standing (not aboue a foote in distance) one from another.

In the Q••i••e of the Church of Paris (as also in that of Saint Denys, ••ccording to the length and widenesse of them) was fixed a frame, called Vne Chappelle Ardente, of Carpenters worke, the nether-part whereof was sixteene foote in largenesse, and the toppe supported by foure great Pillars square, of twentie foote in height, which sustained three Friezes, and thirteene Piramids, with their degrees, all full of Crosse-Crosselets and pins of Wood, which carried aboue three thousand burning Waxe-Candles, each of them containing a pound in weight. These Piramides (and espe∣cially the thirteenth in the midst of all) were so highly raised, that they seemed to touch the roofe of the Church. These Chappelles Ardentes were within the plaine grounds painted with Ashe colour, and Floure de Luces of Orpine Siluer, according as the foure great Pillars were, the Ballestars and Pillars round about, but beneath they were painted blacke.

Vpon th•• third Frieze aloft, were rancked the Armes of the Duchies, Counties and Seigneuries, belonging to the Crowne of France, all represented in Funerall Pompe.

That in the midst, was engirt with a folding of Violet Veluet, very thickly pow¦dred with Floure de Luces of fine Gold, in richest embrodery.

The last, but the first in order, was engirt with a wrapping of Blacke Veluet, and cou••ed with the dead Kings Armes, in rich Embroderie.

The great Pi••amid in the midst, was entoured with three gilded Crownes, in manner of Ga••lands with great Fleurons, representing the Kingdomes of Sicilie, Ierusalem and Nauarre, and (aboue them) the great Imperiall Crowne of France, which couered the three other, and on the top thereof, a great double Crosse, char∣ged with burning Waxe-lights.

Vndernea••h this Chapelle Ardente, engirt with great Tapers, of sixe pounds a piece, lay the Body and Effigie of the deceased King, in his Bedde of Ho∣nour.

The first day of Funerall Pompe, was sung in the Church of Paris (where the Body rested for that night) Vigils, and other Prayers for the dead. On the morrow the Masses, the last whereof was said by the Bishop of Paris, the Funerall Oration deliuered by Cospeau, Bishop of Aire in Guienne; the Dinner performed at the Bi∣shops Pallace. After which was done, the Funerall Pompe began to March (accor∣ding as the day before) so farre as to Saint Denys.

On the Thursday, being the first day of Iuly, the Portrature or Effigies of the King, was carried to the Treasurie of the Church, and the Body placed vnder the Chappelle Ardente; the Masses Celebrated, and the l••st said by the Cardinall de Ioyeuse, and the Funerall Oration deliuered by the Bishop of Angiers, Myron.

The last Masse being ended, the Great Maister of the Ceremonies of France, De Rhodes, tooke from off the Hearse the Crowne, the Scepter, the Hand of Iustice, and

the other Honors, which he distributed according to the ancient custome; and after the State, Cloathes of cloth of Gold, and of Veluet.

The Gentlemen of the Chamber, and the Scottes Guard, tooke the Coffin, and brought it to the entrance of the caue or Vault of Ceremonies, which is at the ente∣ring into the Quire, on the Epistle side at the South doore, which euery day is hung with Blacke, where rest the bodies, entoured with foure burning Tapers, day and night, vntill such time as the Bodies are taken thence, and put into the place destinied and appointed at their Buriall.

At entering into the Vault, the Cardinall de Ioyeuse (ouer the body of the deceased King) said the accustomed Prayers. Which being ended, the said Cardinall was sea∣ted at one side of the Vault, and the Duke of Fronsack (in quality of Great Maister) at the other side, hauing by them the Great Master of the Ceremonies.

Within the Vault, vpon the very first step thereof, stood one of the Kings of Armes of France, who acording as he was commanded by the Great Master of the Ceremo∣nies, called all them which carried the Honors. As namely, the Cornet, the Guidon, the Pennon, the great Standard, and the Banner Royall: the Spurres, the Helmet, the Coate of Armes, the Sword, the Crowne, the Scepter, the hand of Iustice, the Collar of the Order, and others; which such as carried them, deliuered to this first King of Armes, who gaue them to the other Kings of his Companions, to rank them in their due Order. And then the Great Maister of the Houshold, last of all deliuered vp his Staffe.

All these Honors being laide on the Bicre of the deceased King in the vault of Ce∣remonies; the Duke of Fronsack arose, saying in a soft and low voice, The King is dead. And immediately Mon Ioye, King of Armes, going on into the middest of the Quire, went to the high Altar, and to the Chapelle Ardente, speaking out aloud three times to∣gether: The King is dead, pray all to God for his Soule. Then euery one falling on their knees, so long as while the De profundis may be saide, the same Duke of Fronsacke re∣turning from the Vault, with his Staffe of Great Maister, saith; Vine le Roy, God saue the King. Then Mon Ioye King of Armes, going againe into the midst of the Quire, before the high Altar, cryeth aloud three seuerall times▪ God saue King Lewes, Thir∣teenth of the name, by the Grace of God, the Most-Christian King of France, and of Na∣uarre, to whom God giue a most happy and long life. Which was no sooner saide, but the Church ecchoed wi••h sounds of Drummes, Fifes, Trumpets, Cornets, Hoboyes, and all other kindes of Musicke, their Cypresse Veyles being taken off, in signe of ioy, to finish this Funerall pompe, with the Maxime of State belonging to this Monarchie: That the King of France neuer dyeth. And for this reason, the Court of Parliament marched in his Funerals, not in habits of Mourning, but in Robes of Scarlet.

The parcels of Honour receiued againe, by them that had the carriage of them; the Princes were conducted into the Great Hall of the Abbey, there to haue their dinner: and after them the Soueraigne Courts, the Vniuersitie, and other Assistants in the Fu∣nerall Pompe. In another Hall, dined the Duke of Fronsack: They which caried th•• Honors; And the Officers for the mouth.

After dinner, the Duke of Fronsack returning into the great Hall, made a summary Discourse to the whole Assembly, concerning the death of the late King, and made offer of his seruice to the Officers of his house: promising, to recommend them to the King reigning, to the end that they might be still maintained in their estates, Offi∣ces, and Dignities, deliuering these words: We haue lost our late Master, and therefore do hold no more authority in his House. Which being spoken, hee brake the Staffe, be∣longing to his Office of Great Maister.

The Queene (who neuer had beene seene in publique, since the Act of her Regen∣cie;) came vpon the Saterday following, being the third day of Iuly, to the Byshops Palace of Paris, to assist in the seruice which she caused to be performed for her decea∣sed Lord. The Church of Paris was hung with Blacke, according as it had beene be∣fore: except the Chapelle Ardente, which was taken away. Insted thereof, and in the place of the Eagle (which they called vulgarly Ad Aquilum, where possession is taken of the Benefices belonging to the said Church) was erected an Oratory Pew, couered with a large great Canopie, made all of blacke Serge.

She came to the said Church, betweene the houres of eleuen and twelue at noone, entering in at the South doore. Before her, went the Princes, Lords, and Knightes of the Court: my Lords the Princes of Blood, De Contey, and de Soissons led her. The Traine of her Mourning Garment, was about six Elles in length, being carried by the Ladies and Princesses Dowagers, of Conde, of Contey, of Soissons, and of Montpensier.

Followed by Madam the Eldest daughter, Elizabeth of France; And she followed

By Queene Margaret, cloathed in Mourning.

And after them, the other Princesses and Ladies of the Court; attyred likewise in Mourning; that is to say, Serge and Blacke Cypresse.

Du Tillet, in the Tract of the later dayes Exequies and Enterrements of the Kings and Queenes of France, sayth; That Scarletted Violet is the Mourning for Kings, and for Queenes, sad Tawny. Hee should there haue added, that this was in the life time of their Husbands, but not after their death. For, I do well remember, that I saw King Henry, Third of the name, of blessed memorie, to be cloathed in a Violet Robe, when he went and sprinkled Holy-water, on the Body of the deceased Monsieur, Duke of Alanson and of Valois his Brother, in the Hall of Saint Iames du Hault Pas, the Sunday before the Feast of Saint Iohn Baptist, Anno one thousand, fiue hundred, fourescore, and foure. After his M••iestie followed the Queen, Louisa of Lorrain and Vaudemont, his Wife, cloathed in a Garment of the Stuffe called Tamine, and of Hayre-colour, hir Litter whollie open, and lined with the same Stuffe.

But concerning Widdowed Queenes, their Mourning was (in former times) of White. And the same fashion is to be seene at the Gray-Friers of Paris, in a Glasse-Window of the Chappell, for the deceased Lord, the first President Messire Gilles le Maistre, the Wife or Mother of the sayde Lord Maistre, ware White Mourning. And from thence, Widdowed Queenes seeme to bee styled by the name of white Queenes.

Afterward, this Mourning habite became wholly Blacke, as is to bee seene at the same Grey-Friars, in the Quire on the right hand, in the glasse Windowe of deceased Queene Elizabeth, Widdow to King Charles the Ninth. And the very same haue we seene for the Queenes Louisa, and Mary, Widdowes to the King Henries, the Third and Fourth of famous Memorie, to weare Blacke in Mourning, and not White, or Tawnie.

Index moestitiae est p••llus color: Vtimur omnes Hoc habitu, tumulis cum damus inferias.

Blacke best becommeth Mourning: Vsually For Buriall, there's no fitter Liuery. As Alciat saith in his Emblemes.

Of such Ceremonies, as haue bin obserued, and ought to be kept, at the Obsequies and Funeralles of Knights of Order. CHAP. X. & VLT.

NOW we will finish these our famous Recherches, with the Funerals of Knights of Order, and Lords of note: as being the very last Acte of their Life, and finall shutting vp of our The∣ater of Honor and Knighthood.

The Great and worthie Captain Bertrand du Glesquin,* 7.131 Con∣stable of France; the Thunder bolt and dreadfull terror of the English; the prop and support of the Castillians, laid Siege be∣fore Castel-Nau-de-Rondon in Geuaudan, the last place which the English held in the Countrey of Auuergne, and sware by his ordinarie Oath (I vow to God) that he would vn-nest the English thence.

* 7.132On the fifteenth day of the Siedge, the good Constable dyed by sickenesse, and his death being concealed some certaine dayes; the English were constrained to yeeld, & themselues brought the keyes of the place, and layde them on the Coffin of the great Constable: whose body being enbalmed, was carried by the Count de Forests, to Mou∣lins in Burbonnois, where the good Duke of Bourbon performed for him a very solemn Obsequie, in the Church of Nostre Dame de Moulins, and where newly the Duke had founded a perpetuall Colledge. But before, the saide Duke of Bourbon had sent word to King Charles the Fift, concerning the death of his Noble Constable, which his Highnesse tooke exceeding greeuously.

And, because the King wel remembred, the many acceptable Seruices of his Con∣stable Messire Bertrand du Guesclin (Count of Longueuille, whose Armes we haue no∣ted in the Tract, concerning the Orders of Spaine, and of them of his Descent & Li∣nage:* 7.133) he being so forward for him during his life, hee would not now seeme backe∣ward, in honouring so braue a Soldiour after death. For the King ordained, that (after his death) the saide Constable should be buried honourably at his feete: At S. Denys, where the Kings of France haue their Royall Enterment. And likewise the good Marshal of Sancerre, who had serued him faithfully: As accordingly it was done, and there they lye.

Not long was it after, but (the next yeare following) departed out of this World, King Charles of France, Fift of the name, that had so valiantly and wisely gouerned his Kingdome, and finished his dayes in the yeare of our Lord, one thousand, three hundred,* 7.134 fourescore, and eight. Now behold what is said in the Chronicle of Lewes, the good Duke of Bourbon. And for the faithfull seruices, performed by Guesclin, Consta∣ble of France, to King Charles the Fift: his Monument is to be seene at the feete of the saide King Charles, in his Chappel at S. Denis in France, without the Quire, on the South side. And before that of Messire Bertrand du Guesclin, hath (a very long time) hung a Lampe, well maintained with Oyle, which burneth continually day and night.

* 7.135Messire Iuuenal des Vrsins obserueth in his Chronicle, vnder the yeare of Grace, one thousand, three hundred, fourescore, and nine, That King Charles, Sixt of the name, being desirous to honor the person of the Constable Guesclin: caused to be sung in the said Church of Saint Denis, 〈◊〉〈◊〉 very solemne Seruice for the dead, with a most goodly Luminarie of wax Tapers and Torches lighted.

* 7.136For Mourners, were appointed Messire Oliuer de Clissen, who is well knowne to beare De Gueules, au Lyon d'Argent, Arme, Lampasse, & Coronne d'Or.

The Marshall of Sancerre, whom Ferron hath let passe in silence, and ranked another vnder the name of Iohn de Bueill, which is the Ancient sirname of this Family, holding the Countie of Sancerre, Admirall of France, and Knight of the Order of S. Michael, vnder King Lewes the Eleuenth: wherein he is much mistaken, confounding the one, with the other.

And ten other Knights, whose Sirnames and Armes I haue long desired, to giue them place (equall to desert) in this Theater of Honor: because it is a matter most cer∣taine, that for Honour and Valiancie, they were the very worthiest men of their time. These ten great personages, were all attyred in Robes of Mourning.

The Bishop of Auxerre sung the Masse. And when they came to the Offring

The Bishop and the King came and entred into the Quire.

And first of all came foure men of Armes, Armed at all points, mounted on Cour∣sers well appointed and adorned, Representing the person of the dead man, when hee li∣ued.

Secondly, after them came Foure men, hauing the Coates of Armes of the decea∣sed when he liued, bearing Banners of his Armes. And wee haue heeretofore obser∣ued, that Messire Bertrand du Guesclin, Count of Longue-Ville, Portoit d'Argent, a l'Ai∣gle esploye de Sable, membre, & becque de Gueules, au Baston de mesme brochant sur le Tout.

This being done, the Bishop returned to the Altar, and then the Mourners came to the Offring, each one holding a Shield, with the deceaseds Armes; and a naked Sword with the point vpward.

After these, the Offring was seconded by them of the Blood, and Kindred to the King.

And then came Eight Gentlemen Armed in Coates of Maile, who carried the Helmets, and foure Banners of the dead mans Armes, and placed them on the Altar.

When these things were done, a Learned Sermon was deliuered by a Doctour in Diuinity: declaring the Vertues, Valiance, and Wisedome of the party deceased; and after the Masse was ended, they went all to dinner.

Then was giuen a generall Almes to the poore, and all that would come.

And great gifts were giuen by the King, to the Lords and eminent persons there present, in honour of so worthy a Knight and Noble Gentleman, as was the late de∣ceased Constable.

So in like manner, at the Obsequies and Funerals of Princes and great Lords, as al∣so of Knights, Captaines, and Gentlemen, are carried their Banner and Coronet,* 7.137 their Pennons and great Standard of Black colour, and their deuises training to the ground. Their Sword, Spurres, H••lmet and Shield of their Armes.

If they be Knights, the Collar of their Order must lye vpon the Pal of black Veluet.

If they be Dukes or Counts, the Crowne or Chappeau, with the Coate of Armes, and the Mantle Ducall, or the Countes, according to the Dignities which they helde in their life time.

But before these Honors, are led their Horses of Battell, trapped in Blacke; Trum∣p••ts likewise couered with Blacke, and sounding softly; Drummes answering them in the same manner, and retorting sad sighings (as it were) each to other, as sorrowfully lamenting. And according as men haue finished the last Act of their life, so they ought to haue their buriall.

If he dyed in Warre, which is the Bed of Honor, and of true Nobility: His Effigie for∣med after the life, ought to be vpon his Tombe; but presented vppon his knees, the Helmet on his head, Sword by his side, Spurres on his heeles, Gauntlets on his hands,* 7.138 and Armed at all points, hauing aboue all the Coate of his Armes. And ouer the Mo∣nument, the Banner, Standard, Pennon and Shield of his Armes, aptly placed.

If he dyed of Sickenesse, or wounded, being in faction of warre: his Effigie ought to be armed with a Cuirats and Coate of Armes, and aside by him his Helmet;* 7.139 but not vpon his head, his Gauntlet also neere it. He may be allowed to haue his Sword by his side, Spurres on his heeles: but aboue his Tombe or Monument, hee ought to haue but a Cornet, and the Pennon at the most, but not the great Standard.

If he dyed peaceably, that is to say, of some sicknesse in his house:* 7.140 his figure ought not to be vpon his knees, but onely lying along, with his Coate of Armes, Armed for fashion sake, the Helmet and Spurres placed at his feete, and his feete lying or vnder∣propped with two little Dogges.

These circumstances ought to be very carefully obserued by Caruers & Engrauers,* 7.141 who (too often thorow their grosse ignorance) do confound the Order of these Au∣thentick Ceremonies, which (in former times) haue beene kept most exactly.

In many places haue bin seen Effigies armed & on horseback, as in the chapel of out Lady at Rouen, the burial on horseback of le Sieur de Bresse, great Senescal of Normandy.

In the body of the Church at Paris, the Figure of Phillip le Bel, King of France,* 7.142 and of Nauarre, who hauing vanquished the rebellious Flemmings at Ments in Puelle, the moneth of August, Anno one thousand, three hundred and foure, at his returning to Paris, entred into the Church of our Lady, euen as he is there to be seene on Horsse∣backe, and Armed. There he offered his Horse and Armes, according to the Vow he had formerly made, at such time as he was surprized by the Flemmings vnarmed, and saw slaine before him, Messire Hugues de Bon••ille, a Knight, and two Brethren, Burges∣ses of Paris, Peter and Iames Gentiens. Wherefore, it is to be considered, that such Ef∣figies on Horsebacke, and Armed in Churches, doe serue for Enquirie, concerning some extraordinary and excellent acte of Armes, done farre off from the common rule.

In the like manner, Princes, Soueraignes, and Barons of high Birth,* 7.143 are figured in their great Seales Armed, and mounted on Horse-backe, holding a naked Sword in the right hand, and a Shield of their Armes in the other. Their Wiues also are repre∣sented on Horsebacke, holding with the left hand their Palfraies Bridle, and a Hawke on the right fist. Which declareth the note of an high Baronie, that is to say, a D••t∣chy, or County at the least.

The last testimony of Honor in Nobility and Knighthood, is Lights in Chappels, hanging Churches with Blacke,* 7.144 & Funerall Girdles, as well within as without Chur∣ches, where such buriall is performed. Funerall Girdles are charged with the Armes of the Lord deceased, and (in some respect) with them of their Wiues. The Armes of Lords are depicted with their Mettall and Colour, their Helmets Tarrez de Front, Charged with their Deuice on the Crest, wauing with Lambrequins, and sustayned by their Supporters. The Armes of the said Lords, are in Banner after the Anticke manner, and most commonly in the Shield, engirt with the Order of the Knight.

Those of widdowed Ladies, ought likewise to be in the Shield, but not otherwise, with the Armes, or at the least the moity of her Husbands on the right side, parted with the said Ladies on the left, and the Shields or Escocheons entoured with Girdles of Cordelieres, which we terme white Cordelieres, for reasons before alledged in this great Labour.

Eldest Sonnes deceasing vnmarried, carry their Armes in the Shield, the Helmet sil∣uer, not open: the said Shield bearing the Fathers Armes, and ordinarily parted with the Mothers.

And as for Daughters, they bea••e but the Paternall Armes; yet not in Shield, as Widowed Ladies do, and the Cordeliers about; but onely in Lozenge, as wee haue related in the Tract of Shields, and elsewhere.

Soli Deo Laus, Honor, & Gloria.

FINIS.

Notes

• * 1.1

  Seneca ad Lu∣cillium.
• * 1.2

  The cause why the Gods assembled to∣gether.
• * 1.3

  Fire.
• * 1.4

  Water.
• * 1.5

  Tilling and Husbanding of the ground, signified by the Oxe.
• * 1.6

  A House for the Harbour of Man.
• * 1.7

  Mercurie said to be the In∣uenter of Building.
• * 1.8

  The Allegati∣ons of Miner∣ua concerning Man.
• * 1.9

  Concerning the Honor and Maiesty of History.
• * 1.10

  Exercises best besee••ing a Noble or Gentleman.
• * 1.11

  Comparison of Alexander the Great.
• * 1.12

  Constantine gaue first the displayed Eagle, and his meaning thereby.
• * 1.13

  The Saxon House altered the Armes of Europe.
• * 1.14

  The true ranck of the Nine Worthies
• * 1.15

  See the first Tome and first Chapter.
• * 1.16

  Armes proper and pertinent to the persons.
• * 1.17

  Sampsons Rid∣dle to the Phi∣listines.
• * 1.18

  Originall of the name of Macchabeus, and their A••e••.
• * 1.19

  Ladyes well deseruing to grace an History.
• * 1.20

  The three most famous ent••rprises of Asia.
• * 1.21

  A Combate betweene Neptu••e and Minerua.
• * 1.22

  The appea∣ring of Miner∣ua in the Field
• * 1.23

  Au Poil & a la Plume.
• * 1.24

  Iupiter com∣pounded the contention.
• * 1.25

  The Maister∣piece of Nep∣tune.
• * 1.26

  The trophee and victorie of Minerua.
• * 1.27

  Athens the Ci∣tie of debate or strife.
• * 1.28

  His entrance for the ensu∣ing ••i••course.
• * 1.29

  The Plaintifs accu••ti••n be∣••ore the King.
• * 1.30

  The Gage cast downe and taken vp.
• * 1.31

  Originall of giuing the Gage.
• * 1.32

  An auncient custome ob∣s••rued in Israel Ruth. 4.9.
• * 1.33

  Comparison of the Shooe and Gloue.
• * 1.34

  The manner of challenging and accepting the Combat among the French.
• * 1.35

  Of other proues beside Combat.
• * 1.36

  Oathe made on dead bo∣dies o•• Mar∣tyre•• & Con∣fessours.
• * 1.37

  An example happening at Paris.
• * 1.38

  Proofe of Go∣din Sonne to Garnier.
• * 1.39

  Gentlemen professing Armes.
• * 1.40

  Swearing ••edge Ho∣mage.
• * 1.41

  Proofe by bur¦ning Iron▪
• * 1.42

  Proof by boi∣ling Water.
• * 1.43

  〈◊〉〈◊〉 cold wa∣ter.
• * 1.44

  By the Crosse.
• * 1.45

  To whom the Iustice of Combat ap∣pertained.
• * 1.46

  A cause tria•• tried in the King of Ger∣manies Court for succession.
• * 1.47

  Abbots, Fry∣ers, Monks & Church men.
• * 1.48

  A famous tri∣all made for the King of Germany by thirtie men.
• * 1.49

  Lewdnesse punished by being ouer∣bold.
• * 1.50

  The Historie of Gondeberga Queene of Lombardie.
• * 1.51

  A great error oftentimes in Princes.
• * 1.52

  The French Ambassadors aduise to the Lombard King
• * 1.53

  The Historie of the Coun∣tesse of Gasti∣nois.
• * 1.54

  Pleading by the Sword.
• * 1.55

  Nothing trieth friends more then miserie, and then they striue to be least seene.
• * 1.56

  The ••••••••••∣tants appea∣ring in the Field.
• * 1.57

  The perfor∣ma••ce of the Combat.
• * 3.1

  The relation of this Com∣bat by another Author.
• * 3.2

  The words of the Lord des Visi••s.
• * 3.3

  The Law of Duelloes and Combats.
• * 3.4

  A Historie alleadged to the same effect
• * 3.5

  Combat for windfals in Forrests.
• * 3.6

  Combats vn∣der the second Ligne.
• * 3.7

  A Combat before King Lewes the De∣bonnaire.
• * 3.8

  Aquisgrano in Germanie.
• * 3.9

  Bernard had the goods and gouernments of the van∣quished.
• * 3.10

  A challenge of Combat with∣out acceptance
• * 3.11

  Extremity of euils grow with the times
• * 3.12

  Great mens countenances are no meere encourage∣ments.
• * 3.13

  Spirituall Armes exceed those of Prin∣c••
• * 3.14

  When fraile hope is wea∣kest, Gods arme is stron∣gest.
• * 3.15

  An apparition to be beleeued as men are thereto af∣fected.
• * 3.16

  A relation out of the great Chronicle of France.
• * 3.17

  A louing re∣conciliation betweene the two displeased Princes.
• * 3.18

  A wonder somewhat dif∣ficult ••o be credited.
• * 3.19

  Duelloes and Combats per∣mitted by Bi∣shops, for their owne benefit.
• * 3.20

  Priests allow∣ed to fight in Duelloes and Combats.
• * 3.21

  A Historie out of Ma∣thew Paris.
• * 3.22

  The Knight threw downe his Glou•• and the Count tooke it vp
• * 3.23

  This is the same Lady, in more sitting place before remembred.
• * 3.24

  The Combat hindred and neuer perfor∣med.
• * 3.25

  The words of the Decree.
• * 3.26

  Combats of∣ten suppressed and as often reuiued.
• * 3.27

  Seuerall argu∣ments ob••er¦ued by the Au¦thor in ca••es of this nature.
• * 3.28

  A man may appeale in all cases of crime.
• * 3.29

  I••formations deliu••red to the Iudge.
• * 3.30

  The complaint vrged in case of murder,
• * 3.31

  Concerning Man-slaugh∣ter, &c.
• * 3.32

  No d••p••ue from the Iudge ti••l the appeale be answered.
• * 3.33

  Essoign or ex∣cus••, for an Aduoucher to fight for the partie.
• * 3.34

  The Excuses alleadged in the seuerall degrees.
• * 3.35

  Concerning such Gentle∣men as are Knights.
• * 3.36

  Men subiect to the com∣mād of others
• * 3.37

  When men a∣buse them∣selues by their Appeale.
• * 3.38

  Of Yeomen appealing one another.
• * 3.39

  Priueledges of the Soue∣raigne.
• * 3.40

  The lands and goods of the vanquished.
• * 3.41

  Fines for pro∣longing of dayes.
• * 3.42

  Battaile for Goods, Lands or Inheri∣tances.
• * 3.43

  Losse of hand to the vanqui∣shed Champi∣on.
• * 3.44

  Of Appealing diuers persons with Gadges.
• * 3.45

  Of one knight that appealed three other Knights.
• * 3.46

  Sentence and Iudgement of the Court.
• * 3.47

  A Caueat for forming the Appeale.
• * 3.48

  The forme of discreet and wise procee∣ding.
• * 3.49

  The 〈…〉〈…〉.
• * 3.50

  Of A•• ••nd•• and ••ine•• to be paid••
• * 3.51

  The Custom•• of cond••m∣ning in Fi••es.
• * 3.52

  Prohibition of Duells and Combates.
• * 3.53

  Foure Cases for admission of Combats.
• * 4.1

  Apparance of the deed to be done.
• * 4.2

  No Gage in case of Theft.
• * 4.3

  In case of pri∣uy Treason.
• * 4.4

  Signes and presumptions.
• * 4.5

  Appearing without sum∣mons.
• * 4.6

  Of Theft and Robbery.
• * 4.7

  Sufficiency in the Appellant.
• * 4.8

  Insufficiencie of the Appeals in generall tearmes.
• * 4.9

  No Iudge to goe agai••st the Letters Patents.
• * 4.10

  Duties of the Appellant to perfourme.
• * 4.11

  The Gage to be giuen in presence of the King.
• * 4.12

  The Appel∣lants speeches to the King.
• * 4.13

  How the De∣fendant is to make answere in the Kings presence.
• * 4.14

  When he is to take vp the Gage.
• * 4.15

  Oath for p••r∣sonall appea∣rance at the day, houre and place ap∣pointed.
• * 4.16

  For deli••e∣ring Pl••dges
• * 4.17

  Of the Appel∣lant and De∣fendant, en∣tring into the Field, in what ma••••er it ought to be.
• * 4.18

  A qualificati¦on of the for∣mer strict or∣dena••ce.
• * 4.19

  Shewes that the Combat∣tants be Chri∣stians.
• * 4.20

  None but Guards of the Field to be Armed.
• * 4.21

  None to be on Horsebacke in the Field.
• * 4.22

  All to sit downe on bankes or the ground.
• * 4.23

  No noyse or speaking.
• * 4.24

  Houres of ap∣pearing in the Field.
• * 4.25

  Of delaying or shortning the time of the Combat.
• * 4.26

  H••s offers to the Marshall.
• * 4.27

  Against Arms forge by wicked Arts and Charme••
• * 4.28

  For granting of another day, the first failing.
• * 4.29

  For failing the due ap∣pointed houre.
• * 4.30

  A daies proui¦sion for the Field.
• * 4.31

  For length and breadth of the Lists.
• * 4.32

  Placing of the Pauillions.
• * 4.33

  Speeches to the King or to the Iudge.
• * 4.34

  A writing gi∣uen to the Marshall.
• * 4.35

  The second Cry.
• * 4.36

  In what man∣ner the Apel∣lant taketh his Oath.
• * 4.37

  The Priests words to the Appellant.
• * 4.38

  The d••fen∣dants Oath before the Marshall.
• * 4.39

  The bri••ging of them both together, to the third and last Oath.
• * 4.40

  Of repentance before taking the last Oath.
• * 4.41

  The Appel∣lants last Oath
• * 4.42

  The speeches vsed each Par∣ty holding the other by the hand.
• * 4.43

  The Priests departure out of the Lists.
• * 4.44

  The Combat∣tants leauing their Pauilli∣ons.
• * 4.45

  The Combat∣tants left to their deuoire
• * 4.46

  Proceedings with the Par∣ties aliue or dead.
• * 4.47

  Rights belong∣ing to the Vi∣ctor.
• * 4.48

  Rights belong¦ing to the Mar∣shall.
• * 4.49

  How dange∣rous a thing the Gage of Battaile is.
• * 4.50

  The right of graunting Bat∣taile belongeth to a Soueraign Prince onely.
• * 4.51

  The Rod or Warder.
• * 4.52

  Dragging the dead body out of the Lists.
• * 4.53

  Concerning the punishing of Seruants of the worst kinde.
• * 4.54

  Punishment of better ser∣uants.
• * 4.55

  Punishment for Theft ac∣cording to the value.
• * 4.56

  A bad medi∣cine for me∣morie.
• * 4.57

  A strange v••n in the left side of a man.
• * 4.58

  Cutting off the Eare a mark of infa∣mie.
• * 6.1

  A case proued by witnesses alloweth no Gage of Combat.
• * 6.2

  Concerning Plea of the Sword.
• * 6.3

  The Case of Estouleau d•• Rochefort, and Raymond de Buada.
• * 6.4

  The sentence giue•• against Estouleau de Rochefort.
• * 6.5

  A Case of in∣iury betweene two Esquires, for Gage of Combat.
• * 6.6

  Sentence giu∣en against the Bishop of Brieu.
• * 6.7

  The Case of D••n••el de Blide, & Guy de Grignan.
• * 6.8

  Gage of Com¦bat disallow∣ed on either side.
• * 6.9

  Gage of Bat∣taile without telling the cause.
• * 6.10

  The Case of Vidale and Asperrant.
• * 6.11

  The Parlia∣ment c••n••u∣••eth on Com∣bats.
• * 6.12

  A Combat in Limosin.
• * 6.13

  Another fa∣mous Combat
• * 6.14

  Citties and places ordai∣ned for Com∣bates
• * 6.15

  The forme of de••aunding to haue Cor∣bate g••ted
• * 6.16

  〈◊〉〈◊〉 made 〈…〉〈…〉
• * 6.17

  The forme of iudgement by the Senate.
• * 6.18

  The day of Batt••••e ass••g∣ned.
• * 6.19

  Prouision made for the Combattants.
• * 6.20

  Equality of weapons and Armes.
• * 6.21

  Especiall pro¦hibitions.
• * 6.22

  Oathes in the Field.
• * 6.23

  Disgraces of the Vanqui∣shed.
• * 6.24

  The errour of some Histo∣rians.
• * 6.25

  The Empe∣rours forward¦nes, and his peoples vn∣aptnesse.
• * 6.26

  The French and Eng••ish skilfull in these Noble Exercises.
• * 6.27

  Running at the Ring vsed on∣ly in England.
• * 6.28

  The Com∣missioners ap∣pointed with the Secretary.
• * 6.29

  The exercise appointed at euery three yeare••
• * 6.30

  Wrong a∣gainst the Emperour.
• * 6.31

  Preseruation of Womens honor.
• * 6.32

  Gentlemen conuicted of crimes.
• * 6.33

  For treachery persidie and cowardise
• * 6.34

  For treason in a man to his Wife, and to his Soue∣raigne.
• * 6.35

  Against Sacri∣ledge and rob∣bing widowes and Orphanes
• * 6.36

  Of vniust pur∣••uing an ene∣mie.
• * 6.37

  Against op∣pression and extortion.
• * 6.38

  Against adul∣trie and lewde life.
• * 6.39

  Against base minded coue∣tousnesse.
• * 6.40

  Of made▪ Noblemens presuming.
• * 6.41

  The first ap∣poynted place of meeting at Maydebourg.
• * 6.42

  Appointment of the day and place.
• * 6.43

  Publique Pro∣clamation for committing offences.
• * 6.44

  Disgraces ari∣sing to Noble Gentlem••n by base mariages
• * 6.45

  Duty to be done after Admission.
• * 6.46

  Of presenta¦tion to the Iudges.
• * 6.47

  For hurtfull or offensiue Armes, either for thems••lues, or the by stan∣ders.
• * 6.48

  Allowance for presentation at the To••rney in their de∣gres.
• * 6.49

  The Oathe giuen vpon these occasions
• * 6.50

  Of the Knights Club or Bat∣tle-Axe.
• * 6.51

  Sport with the Battle-Axe called Change∣••ng of Cuffes.
• * 6.52

  The manly Exercise of fighting at the Barriers.
• * 6.53

  Disgraces happening in the Barriers.
• * 6.54

  Managing of the Sword, but not to bloud.
• * 6.55

  Supper at the generall Ban∣quet.
• * 6.56

  The thankfull gratitudes, and Dauncing.
• * 6.57

  Who were dispenced with for pre∣sence at the••e Tourneys.
• * 6.58

  Meidenbourg in Germany.
• * 6.59

  The Armes of the Citie.
• * 6.60

  Kings of the To••rney, Iudges of the Field.
• * 6.61

  That is to say, the Lyon wounded in a figure Six come••ed.
• * 6.62

  A countrey of Germanie, be∣tweene Hassia and Sweuia.
• * 6.63

  Lance•• 〈…〉〈…〉
• * 6.64

  Er•• in the Armes of the C••ttie.
• b 6.65

  A Citie in Germany by Acroniu••.
• * 6.66

  The Persian Tiaras for the heads of Prin∣ces & Priests.
• * 6.67

  The Armes of Constans.
• * 6.68

  A Citty by ••bis in Ger∣manie.
• * 6.69

  A Leane or Weele for Fishes.
• * 6.70

  The Armes of Mertspourg.
• * 6.71

  Modius his false emblazon corrected.
• * 6.72

  The Armes of Braunschw••g.
• * 6.73

  A Citty in Germanie be∣twee••e Be••gia and the Riuer Mosella.
• * 6.74

  The Armes of Treuers.
• * 6.75

  The first day of May.
• * 6.76

  The Armes of Hal in Saxonie.
• * 6.77

  The Armes of the Towne.
• * 6.78

  The Armes of the Citie.
• * 6.79

  The Armes of Norimberg.
• * 6.80

  The Armes of Wormes.
• * 6.81

  The Armes of the Citie.
• * 6.82

  The Armes of Ratisbonna.
• * 6.83

  The Armes of Schweinfor.
• * 6.84

  The Armes of Rauenspourg.
• * 6.85

  The Armes of the Citie
• * 6.86

  The Townes Armes.
• * 6.87

  The Townes Armes.
• * 6.88

  The Townes Armes.
• * 6.89

  The Townes Armes.
• * 6.90

  The Townes Armes.
• * 6.91

  Isara a Riuer of the Ali••bro∣ges, falling in∣to Rhodanus neere to the Hill, Cemenus
• * 6.92

  The Towne•• Armes.
• * 6.93

  The Armes of the Citie.
• * 6.94

  Inpolstadium, a Citty of No∣••m by Danubius.
• * 6.95

  The Armes of the Citie.
• * 6.96

  The Armes of the Citie.
• * 6.97

  The harme ensu••g by want of Noble imployment.
• * 6.98

  The Authours supplying of Modius his great defects.
• * 6.99

  The Heraldry vsed among the Germaines where by they make knowne their Mettalls and Coullers.
• * 6.100

  The Heraldy vsed among the French.
• * 6.101

  See the great Piece concer∣ning the Swit∣zers.
• * 6.102

  The Mariage of Geoffrey Plantagenet to Maude the Empresse.
• * 6.103

  A Tourney betweene the Engl••h and Normans.
• * 6.104

  Such accidents men of Armes are subiect to.
• * 6.105

  The Normans enforced to the retreat.
• * 6.106

  A Combate challenged at the vtmost ex∣tremity.
• * 6.107

  The English dismayed by the Giant.
• * 6.108

  The Giant slaine by Count Geoffery.
• * 7.1

  Count Geof∣frey Duke of Normandy.
• * 7.2

  Iousts and Tourneis with losse of life.
• * 7.3

  Complain•• made to the King against the Court.
• * 7.4

  The Kings Decree for Iousts and Tourneys
• * 7.5

  All offensiue Armes prohi∣bited in Iousts and Tourneys
• * 7.6

  The Kings charge to his Sonnes.
• * 7.7

  A Tourney permitted by King Phillip the Hardy.
• * 7.8

  Iousts and Tou••neys in England.
• * 7.9

  Such Coat•• were called lacks of the Linnen Ar∣mone.
• * 7.10

  Exercises of the Round Table.
• * 7.11

  〈…〉〈…〉
• * 7.12

  The Romans had no Sad∣dles or Stir∣rops for their Horse.
• * 7.13

  Prices and rates ordered for Saddles for Horses not to be exceeded
• * 7.14

  The Lapithes, that first foūd the vse of Bits and Bridles.
• * 7.15

  Stirrops vn∣known to the auncient Ro∣mans.
• * 7.16

  The Exercises of the Roman Esquires.
• * 7.17

  For elder per∣sons and such as were of fee∣ble disposition.
• * 7.18

  For Shooing the feete of Horses.
• * 7.19

  Horses shod with Gold and Siluer.
• * 7.20

  A Tourney granted to be performed at Northampton.
• * 7.21

  Another Tour¦ney at Nebridg
• * 7.22

  Punishments both for new learners and others of more experience
• * 7.23

  Iousts and Tournements prohibited.
• * 7.24

  A meeting of the Kingdomes ••ates at Pa∣ris.
• * 7.25

  Punishment of S••earers and blasphe∣mers.
• * 7.26

  The King of France slaine in a Tourna∣ment.
• * 7.27

  Decree of the Church gainst Tournaments
• * 7.28

  The renewing of the former Ordenance.
• * 7.29

  The Counsell of Vienna in Daulphine.
• * 7.30

  Prohibition of Tou••neys and dispens••tion with them.
• * 7.31

  Homer, the Father of Sc••∣n••e & Vertue.
• * 7.32

  The true mo∣dule of a man f••r Armes.
• * 7.33

  Vertue the onely aime of a Gentlemans actions.
• * 7.34

  Achilles slaine in the Temple by Paris A∣lexander.
• * 7.35

  The noble Les∣son of Scopio the Affrican.
• * 7.36

  The Red and Bloody Booke of Infamie.
• * 7.37

  Countries sub∣iected to Con∣fiscation.
• * 7.38

  Prouinces not subiect to Confiscations.
• * 7.39

  Concerning sentences of condemnation
• * 7.40

  Ordenances Royall for the Military con∣dition.
• * 7.41

  The penalties extend to com∣mon Soldiors.
• * 7.42

  Penalties ap∣pointed for G••uernours and Captains.
• * 7.43

  The punish•• of Captain Franget for betrayi••g Fon∣tarabie.
• * 7.44

  How the Gaules punish∣ed their Cow∣••rds.
• * 7.45

  For Traitours and Intelligen∣ce••s with the enemy.
• * 7.46

  For betraying his Countrey.
• * 7.47

  Of Militarie punishments among the Romaines.
• * 7.48

  The Generals encourging of his Souldiours
• * 7.49

  For such as were ouer des∣perate and Hare-brand.
• * 7.50

  The punishing of rash pre∣sumption.
• * 7.51

  The penaltie of leauing the Colours and Campe.
• * 7.52

  For running from ••he Field for safety of life.
• * 7.53

  For theft in the Campe.
• * 7.54

  Theft punish∣ed vnder the Emperours.
• * 7.55

  The punish∣ment of Adul∣trie.
• * 7.56

  The punish∣ments of the French in their Armies, by precedent ex∣ample.
• * 7.57

  Slitting of Noses.
• * 7.58

  Strumpets di∣stinguished from the Ro∣man Matron••
• * 7.59

  The honora∣ble name of marriage slan∣dered.
• * 7.60

  The Romans Campe was called Chaste.
• * 7.61

  How the Per∣sians vsed Cowards.
• * 7.62

  The Greekes punishing their Cowards.
• * 7.63

  The Law of the Lacedemonians.
• * 7.64

  In what man∣ner they vsed Cowards.
• * 7.65

  For leauing Armes and Colours.
• * 7.66

  Change or al∣teration of Mi∣litary disciplin
• * 7.67

  Rigorous Lawes of aun∣cient Roman Discipline re∣uiued.
• * 7.68

  For losse of an Ensigne to the enemy by neg∣ligence of chief Officers.
• * 7.69

  For transgres∣sing the Gene∣rals command by a Captaine.
• * 7.70

  The manner of beheading among the R••mans
• * 7.71

  For riot or se∣dition in the Ca••pe.
• * 7.72

  Punishment of mutiners in the Campe.
• * 7.73

  Punishment of traiterou•• ••e∣uolter••
• * 7.74

  How Scipio punished such offenders.
• * 7.75

  Punishment o•• a cowardly Legion.
• * 7.76

  The enrouling of Roman Soldiors.
• * 7.77

  Of Lands di∣stributed to old Soldiours.
• * 7.78

  Of such old Soldiours as were en••obled by the Empe∣rour.
• * 7.79

  Concerning Casheered Captaines.
• * 7.80

  The bloody Law of Deci∣mation.
• * 7.81

  The mildest kinde of De∣cimation.
• * 7.82

  The two Gates of the Roman Armie.
• * 7.83

  The first exe∣cuter of so bloudy an or∣denance.
• * 7.84

  This cruelty after vsed by the Romai•• Emperour.
• * 7.85

  Titus Maister of the Horse vnder Piso the Consull.
• * 7.86

  Thrust out of the French and Rampier.
• * 7.87

  The manner of pronoun∣cing the sen∣tence of death.
• * 7.88

  Concerning the death of Caius Licinius Macer.
• * 7.89

  The Office of Diribitorem among the Romaines.
• * 7.90

  A Custome of the Romaines deriued from the Greekes.
• * 7.91

  A French pro∣uerbe of long obseruation.
• * 7.92

  The publique confession of the Duke of Bourgongne.
• * 7.93

  The open sub¦mission of the Brugelins.
• * 7.94

  The punish∣ment of a Nor∣man for abu∣sing the Pari∣sians.
• * 7.95

  For renoun∣cing inheritan∣ces.
• * 7.96

  Leauing goods left by an in∣debted Hus∣band.
• * 7.97

  Three vertues in a worthy wife.
• * 7.98

  Of leauing goods to Cre∣ditours.
• * 7.99

  The manner of p••rting with goods at Rome.
• * 7.100

  The Stone of Scandale and Infamie.
• * 7.101

  Cruell and bloudy Cre∣ditours.
• * 7.102

  The Sons of Debtors made Bondmen.
• * 7.103

  Lands held by rent or igno∣ble seruices.
• * 7.104

  Inuesting and seizing a Ser∣uant by gift of a Ring.
• * 7.105

  Publication of a mans insuffi∣ciency for pay∣ing his debts.
• * 7.106

  A mans eiecti∣on of himselfe.
• * 7.107

  In criminall cases.
• * 7.108

  Proceeding in ciuil occasions.
• * 7.109

  Degradation vsed among the Romans.
• * 7.110

  How this D••∣gradation is performed 〈◊〉〈◊〉 France.
• * 7.111

  The degrees of proceeding in the 〈◊〉〈◊〉
• * 7.112

  Preparation of two Scaffold▪
• * 7.113

  Degradation of the condem¦ned Knight.
• * 7.114

  An encourage∣ment to fol∣lowing times
• * 7.115

  The reward of Cowards and Crauens.
• a 7.116

  A place in Rome, where condemned men were cast downe.
• * 7.117

  The Pictures of offenders not to be kept
• * 7.118

  An ancient custome ob∣serued by the old French.
• * 7.119

  The History of Count Har∣man of the Rhine.
• * 7.120

  Punishment of offenders for example.
• * 7.121

  A Hisory al∣leadged ••ut of Suggerus, Ab∣bot of S. De∣nys.
• * 7.122

  The taking of Burchard and his death.
• * 7.123

  The death of Berkold, chiefe causer of the murder.
• * 7.124

  The death of Bauldwine, Count of Flanders.
• * 7.125

  Two reasons why the Dog was carried.
• * 7.126

  The praises of the Dogge for loue to his Maister.
• * 7.127

  A very wor∣thy and me∣morable Hi∣story.
• * 7.128

  Noble Fami∣lies bearing the Dogs Sir∣name.
• * 7.129

  How the Dog knoweth his Maister.
• * 7.130

  Of Vlysses and his Dogg••.
• * 7.131

  Otherwise called Du Gu••s••n.
• * 7.132

  The death of the Valiant Constable.
• * 7.133

  It is an honor to Princes, to remember pas∣sed good Ser∣uices.
• * 7.134

  Out of the Chronicle of the Duke of Bourbon.
• * 7.135

  Out of Iuue∣naldes Vrsins his Chronicle
• * 7.136

  Mourners at the Funerall.
• * 7.137

  Diuers ••k•• of Funeral pompe.
• * 7.138

  Dying in 〈◊〉〈◊〉
• * 7.139

  Dying of s••¦nes, or wou••¦ded in thefi••
• * 7.140

  Dying pea••¦ably in the House.
• * 7.141

  A Caueat t•• Caruers and Sculptures.
• * 7.142

  A history co••¦cerning King Philip le Bel.
• * 7.143

  Concerning great Seales.
• * 7.144

  Funeral pomp in Churches.