The theater of honour and knight-hood. Or A compendious chronicle and historie of the whole Christian vvorld Containing the originall of all monarchies, kingdomes, and estates, with their emperours, kings, princes, and gouernours; their beginnings, continuance, and successions, to this present time. The first institution of armes, emblazons, kings, heralds, and pursuiuants of armes: with all the ancient and moderne military orders of knight-hood in euery kingdome. Of duelloes or single combates ... Likewise of ioustes, tourneyes, and tournaments, and orders belonging to them. Lastly of funerall pompe, for emperours, kings, princes, and meaner persons, with all the rites and ceremonies fitting for them. VVritten in French, by Andrew Fauine, Parisian: and aduocate in the High Court of Parliament. M.DC.XX.

The Order of Calatraua, Instituted in the yeare One Thousand, One Hundred Fiftie and Eight. CHAP X.

THe first Military Order of Castille, was that of Calatraua (heeretofore a frontire place of Castille and Tolledo, Oretum Germanarum by Ptolomie, in the diocesse of Calatraua,* 1.1 seated vpon the Guadiana, on•• of the Principal∣lest Riuers in Spayne, in Latine called Ana) which tooke birth and Origi∣nall in the yeare of Grace, One Thousand, One Hundred Fifty and Eight, according to the lefte testimony of Spanishe Chroniclers, as heere you may reade their owne words.

La Orden De Calatraua, comenco en el Anno de 1158. en tiempo del Rey don Sancho de Cast••lla, tomando nombre del Castillo de Calatraua. El qual siendo de la Orde•• de los Templarios, y no hallandose poderosos para defender lo contra la fuerca de los Mores, lo dieron al Rey Don Sancho, Y Ofreciendose Raymundo Natural de Burueua Abad del Monasterio de Sancta Maria De Fitero, que es el re yno de nau arra de la Oren ••e Cislel, y Frey Diego Velasquez de la misma Orden (que a••tes auia sido gran Cauallers en Armas) y otros Caualleros, y Hermanos d'esta Orden a su defensa. El Rey se la dio, Yde Aqui tvvo Principio Esta Orden Y Caualleria cuia insignia es la Cruz Rox•• Floreteada, que tomaron por Deuisa en los pechos a imitacion de los Cauelleros Franceses de la Sancta Cruzada, que por estos tiempos passau••n a la guerra de vltra Mar. S•• Armas sen la misma Cruz en campo de Oro, y a los lados d'ella dos Trauas Azules, por a∣lusion del Castillo de Calatraua, de donde tuuo su Principio.

And as the Authour hath made it Spanishe, so is it thus Englished.

The Order of Calatraua tooke her beginning in the yeare One Thousand, One Hun∣dred,* 1.2 Fifty and Eight, Vnder the Reigne of Sancio, Third of the name, hee being Sirnamed the Desired, El Desseado, Sixte King of Castille, (Sonne to Alphonso Raymond, King of Castille, Sonne to Raymond of Bourgongne, Husband of Vrraca, Daughter to Ferdinand the Saint) and tooke his appellation of the Cast••ll of Calatraua, which is an Arabick worde, properly signifying a Castell, a dicti••••

retained yet to this day, in the names of Calataiud, Calacanasor, Calahorra, Cala∣zeit and Cala, in the territorie of Seuille: that is as much to say, as the Castels of Taiud, Canasor, de Horra, and of Zeit. So this name of Calatraua is compounded of the Arabicke Cala, and of the Spanish Trauas, which signifieth Entarues, and Menotes,* 1.3 Ma∣nacles, Giues or Yrons, to fasten about the feete and wrists of Prisoners, This Castle hauing bin wonne from the Moores of Andalouzia, and wherein they lockt vp Chri∣stians very strictly; was giuen to the Knights Templers, onely to guard and defend it. But they vpon tydings, that the Moores leuyed a puissant Armie for regayning the same Castle; began to quake timerously, and scratch their heads for further considerati∣on; being vtterly distrustfull of their owne Forces, and so rendered vp the Castle to King Sancio of Castile.

Before whom Dom Raymond, a natiue of Bureua, Abbot of the Monasterie of Santa Maria de Hytero, presented himselfe (they being places scituated in the Kingdome of Nauarre) and he being of the Order of the Cisteaux; with him also was Fryer Diego Velasquez, of the same Order. He hauing seene some courses of the world, had bin a Knight of great renowne, famous for his prowesse and valiancie, and some other Brethren of the said Order, and diuers other Knights beside, who offred themselues to keepe this frontierd Castell, whereto the King very gladly condescended: And from hence arose the Order of Calatraua.

[illustration]

The Armes and Noates, Is a Red Crosse Flouredelu∣ced, which the Knights of this Order tooke for their Deuise, and weare vpon their breasts,* 1.4 by the modell of the French Knights of the Holy Croisade, at such time as they went to conquer and guard the Holy-Land. The Shield of their Armes was D'Or à la mesme Croix de Gueulles, & en pointe aux deux costes d'icelle Deux Entraues & Menettes d'Azur: So affir∣meth the Count of Lanserote. This Abbey of Hytero is in the Diocesse of Palenca in Castile, seated vpon the Riuer of Pisuerga.

After that the King of Castile had giuen the place to these Monkes,* 1.5 they were quickly assisted by the Nobilitie of Castile and Tolledo, who furnished them with Money, Armes, Horses, munition and victuals, necessary for keeping a Castile, that was to expect a long be∣siedging. And the more to animate and encourage them in well doing, the same King Sancio made a present to God, the Virgin Mary, and to the Abbot Raymond, his Monkes and Congregation of the Order of the Cis••eaux; of sundry liberall gifts both present, and alwayes after to perpetuitie; with the said Castle of Calatra∣ua, all the confines, Mountaines, Lands, Riuers, Medowes, Pasturegrounds, Rights,* 1.6 Nominations, Reasons, and Actions, appertaining any way thereinto the Kings of Castile, which he ratified by his Letters Patents, and were giuen in the yeare before dated.

The Abbot Dom Raymond, (hauing taken possession and seizure of the place) plan∣••ed his Monkes therein, and went backe to his Monasterie. And there (in the neigh∣bouring parts round about it) he assembled together a great number of people,* 1.7 a∣mounting (well neere) to twentie thousand mens who with their Goods, Houshold∣stuffe, Families and Cattell, came and peopled in and about Calatraua, so that the Moores durst neuer be so bold, as once aduenture to besiedge it.

Now, in the time of Alphonso, fourth of the name, King of Castile, and called the Noble; a great number of Noble Castillians, hauing vndertaken the Rule & Cloa∣thing of this Order of Calatraua: it fortuned that the Order augmented and encrea∣sed wondrously. And now (of themselues) they grew desirous, to be vnder the Go∣uernment of a great Maister, that might make them apt, and leade them forth to Warre. In imitation of other Militarie Orders of Knights, as of the Sepulcher, the Temple, Saint Lazarus, Saint Iohn, and other Orders of Palestine. The Great Mai∣ster had his Counsell, consisting of thirteene Commanders, and Officers of Re∣ceipts.

The first Great Maister of this Order, was Dom Garcia Redon.

After whom succeeded Dom Martin Perez of Syon.

And next to him was Successor Dom Nugno Perez de Quignones, who was slaine in the Battaile of Alarcos,* 1.8 wonne by the Miramomelin (this Arabicke word signifieth The Prince of beleeuers) Ioseph Macemud passing out of Affrica to Seuile, in the yeare of Grace, One thousand one hundred fourescore and fifteene. The King Alphonso of Leon, was brought sore wounded out of the Battaile, which was lost by him, and wherein dyed Sancio Fernandez de Lemos, Great Maister of the Order of Saint Iames of the Sword; Dom Ruy Velasco, Commander Maior of the said Order; Iohn Arias de Monteroso,* 1.9 Knight of Galicia, and thirteenth man of the said Order: Dom Ruy Gonsales Giron, a wealthie Burgesse of Castile; and Dom Sancio Garcia de Salzedo, a mightie rich man, Lord de la Casa d' Aiala, and an infinite number of Christians beside.

The fourth Great Maister was Dom Martin Martinez.

The Knights of this Order had their first Conuent at Calatraua, and then afterward at Ciruelos, at Buxeda, at Corcoles, and at the Castle of Saluatierre, and vnder their twelfth Great Maister Dom Nugno Hernandez:* 1.10 Their chiefe place of Order was esta∣blished at Couos, where it remaineth yet at this present. This Order hath bin in such manner enriched by the Kings of Leon and Castile, that at the warres against the Moores, they alwayes furnished three hundred Lances compleate; which is the or∣denarie furniture for the Gendarmerie or Compleate Horse, belonging to the Com∣manderies of the said Order. And here you may see what number there are of them in Castile, Leon, Galicia, Andalouzia, with other Prouinces and Kingdomes of Spaine.

A Catalogue or Calender of the Commanderies, belonging to the Order of Knights of Calatraua.

• 1. The Maior Commanderie.
• 2. Clauerra.
• 3. Obreria.
• 4. Argamasilla.
• 5. The Commanderies of Malagon.
• 6. Mansanares.
• 7. Almagro.
• 8. Montanxeulos.
• 9. Daymiel.
• 10. Villaruuia.
• 11. Val de Pegna.
• 12. El Viso.
• 13. Sancta Cruz.
• 14. Fuente el Moral.
• 15. Les Casas de Ciudad-Real.
• 16. Castellanos.
• 17. Almodauar del Campo.
• 18. Puerto-llano.
• 19. Corral de Caracuel.
• 20. Piedra-buena.
• 21. Herrera.
• 22. Fuente del Imperador.
• 23. Carrion.
• 24. Guadalerza.
• 25. Mestansa.
• 26. Castilseras.
• 27. Balesteros.
• 28. Alcolea.
• 29. Possuelo.
• 30. Torroua.
• 31. Bolagnos.
• 32. Moral.
• 33. Almiradiel.
• 34. Hauanilla.
• 35. Las Casas de Seuille.
• 36. Les Cases de Cordua.
• 37. Belmer.
• 38. Villa-franca.
• 39. Lopera.
• 40. Canaueral.
• 41. Ximena.
• 42. Recena.
• 43. Pegna de Martos.
• 44. Biuoras.
• 45. Moratalaz.
• 46. Torres.
• 47. Canena.
• 48. Valaga.
• 49. Almoguera.
• 50. Carita.
• 51. Auignon.
• 52. Verniches.
• 53. Las Casas de Talauera.
• 54. Las Casas de Toledo.
• 55. Huerta.
• 56. Val de Carauanes.
• 57. Las Casas de Plaisance.
• 58. Ateca.
• 59. Cerezuela.
• 60. Ottos.
• 61. Calatraua la Vi••ille.

Commanderies that are in Arragon.

• 1. Alcaniz.
• 2. Monroijo.
• 3. Pegna Roija.
• 4. Fraxaneda.
• 5. Ralfas.
• 6. Castelserat.
• 7. Laguna rotta.
• 8. Et Molinos.

In Valentia there are many places belonging to this Order,* 1.11 wherof the most prin∣••ipall Priories are in Castile; as namely those of Seuille, Granado, Iaen, Alhama, Fuen∣••aliente, Porcuna, Suquesa, and Villatoro.

This Order was approued by Pope Alexander, third of the name, who tooke it ••nto the especiall protection and safegard of the Apostolicall Seate,* 1.12 in the yeare of Grace One thousand one hundred threescore and foure: And confirmed by Pope ••nnocent, third of the name, One thousand one hundred fourescore and nine∣••eene.

At the beginning,* 1.13 these Knights did weare their Roabes and Scapularies of white ••olour, as formerly did the Cisteaux Monkes. Pope Benedict, third of the name, dis∣••ensed with them for that habite Monasticall: And Pope Paule the third gaue ••••em permission to marrie once in their life time;* 1.14 but not to haue any benefit of a ••econd mariage.

The last Great Maister of this Order, was Dom Garcia Lopez de Padilla, who dyed ••n the yeare of Grace One thousand foure hundred fourescore and nine; when Fer∣••inand of Arragon and his wife Isabella, King and Queene of Leon and Castile,* 1.15 found ••he meanes to ioyne and annexe the Great Maistership of Calatraua to the Crowne ••f Castile: which reunion happened by permission of Pope Innocent, eight of the ••ame, in the same yeare before obserued. So that (in time) the three Great Maister∣••hips of the Orders of Saint Iames of the Sword, Of Calatraua, and of Alcantara, were ••nnexed to the Crowne of Spaine, in fauour of Prince Charles, afterward King of ••he Spaines, and Emperour, fift of the name: By the Buls of the Popes, Alexander ••he sixt, Leo the tenth, and Adrian the sixt. By whose meanes, the Kings of Spaine en∣••••y the Reuennues of these three Great Maisterships, whereof they beare the titles, ••nd qualifie perpetuall Administrators.

Notes

• * 1.1

  Of Calatraua in elder times.
• * 1.2

  A•• hath b•••• 〈◊〉〈◊〉 in the 〈…〉〈…〉.
• * 1.3

  The composi∣on of the name Calatra••.
• * 1.4

  The manner of their Crosse and emblazon thereof.
• * 1.5

  The Nobilitie assisted boun∣teusly to good a begin••ing.
• * 1.6

  The Kings li∣bera••ty to the Order of Ca∣latraua.
• * 1.7

  The discreets prouidence of Abbot Ray∣mond.
• * 1.8

  The Battaile of Alarcos,
• * 1.9

  Such as perish¦ed in the Bat∣taile.
• * 1.10

  The chiefe place of the Order at this present.
• * 1.11

  Chiefe Prio∣ries in Castile.
• * 1.12

  Approbation and confirma∣tion by Popes.
• * 1.13

  The first ha∣bite.
• * 1.14

  Dispensation for mariage.
• * 1.15

  The Great Maistership ioyned to the Crowne of Castile.